id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
anesthj-123	Noland, Ashley	Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate for Multimodal Analgesia	2019	2	.pdf	application/pdf	2034	125	40	§ Increased opioid administration is related to a higher incidence of respiratory depression, constipation, emesis, confusion, and prolonged length of hospital stay.3 § IV magnesium sulfate bolus of 30 mg/kg before induction followed by an intraoperative infusion at 10 mg/kg/hour resulted in significantly lower pain scores compared to a placebo group and decreased opioid consumption 24 hours following surgery.5 § Dabbagh et al. found that the group that received magnesium versus the control group that received normal saline required significantly lower doses of IV morphine in the first 24 hours postoperatively.8 § Postoperative administration of magnesium sulfate alone did not demonstrate a significant reduction in morphine consumption.12 § Lysakowski et al. discovered in a systemic review of randomized trials for magnesium sulfate as an adjuvant to postoperative analgesia there was no evidence that perioperative magnesium had favorable effects on postoperative pain intensity and analgesic requirements.13 § Further research is necessary to examine the use of IV magnesium sulfate for postoperative pain in different patient populations, safe and effective dosing ranges, and effects on analgesia for various surgeries. § Magnesium decreases the pre-synaptic release of acetylcholine (Figure 1), which reduces the sensitivity of the motor end plate and decreases the amplitude of the action potential.2 § The increase of extracellular magnesium with IV magnesium sulfate inhibits the inflammatory response by reducing inflammatory cytokines.6 Clinical Rationale: § Magnesium sulfate was given as a multimodal approach to decrease the amount of opioids required for pain relief and avoid the opioid side effects due to the patient’s history of postoperative nausea and vomiting.	cache/anesthj-123.pdf	txt/anesthj-123.txt