id sid tid token lemma pos anesthj-129 1 1 volume volume NOUN anesthj-129 1 2 8no 8no NOUN anesthj-129 1 3 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 2 1 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 2 2 2020 2020 NUM anesthj-129 2 3 educated educate VERB anesthj-129 2 4 hand hand NOUN anesthj-129 2 5 publishing publishing NOUN anesthj-129 2 6 llc llc NOUN anesthj-129 2 7 “ " PUNCT anesthj-129 2 8 the the DET anesthj-129 2 9 science science NOUN anesthj-129 2 10 behind behind ADP anesthj-129 2 11 the the DET anesthj-129 2 12 art art NOUN anesthj-129 2 13 ” " PUNCT anesthj-129 2 14 volume volume NOUN anesthj-129 2 15 8 8 NUM anesthj-129 2 16 no no NOUN anesthj-129 2 17 . . NOUN anesthj-129 2 18 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 2 19 2020 2020 NUM anesthj-129 2 20 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 2 21 ejournal ejournal PROPN anesthj-129 2 22 online online PROPN anesthj-129 2 23 issn issn PROPN anesthj-129 2 24 2333 2333 NUM anesthj-129 2 25 - - SYM anesthj-129 2 26 2611 2611 NUM anesthj-129 2 27 page page NOUN anesthj-129 2 28 16 16 NUM anesthj-129 2 29 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 2 30 management management NOUN anesthj-129 2 31 considerations consideration NOUN anesthj-129 2 32 for for ADP anesthj-129 2 33 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 2 34 on on ADP anesthj-129 2 35 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 2 36 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 2 37 buprenorphine buprenorphine PROPN anesthj-129 2 38 emily emily PROPN anesthj-129 2 39 coleman coleman PROPN anesthj-129 2 40 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 2 41 rn rn PROPN anesthj-129 2 42 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 2 43 ccrn ccrn NOUN anesthj-129 2 44 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 2 45 srna srna NOUN anesthj-129 2 46 affiliation affiliation NOUN anesthj-129 2 47 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 2 48 texas texas PROPN anesthj-129 2 49 christian christian PROPN anesthj-129 2 50 university university PROPN anesthj-129 2 51 school school NOUN anesthj-129 2 52 of of ADP anesthj-129 2 53 nurse nurse PROPN anesthj-129 2 54 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 2 55 funding funding PROPN anesthj-129 2 56 / / SYM anesthj-129 2 57 conflict conflict NOUN anesthj-129 2 58 of of ADP anesthj-129 2 59 interest interest NOUN anesthj-129 2 60 disclosure disclosure NOUN anesthj-129 2 61 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 2 62 none none NOUN anesthj-129 2 63 keywords keyword VERB anesthj-129 2 64 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 2 65 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 2 66 ; ; PUNCT anesthj-129 2 67 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 2 68 ; ; PUNCT anesthj-129 2 69 mu mu NOUN anesthj-129 2 70 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 2 71 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 2 72 ; ; PUNCT anesthj-129 2 73 multimodal multimodal ADJ anesthj-129 2 74 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 2 75 ; ; PUNCT anesthj-129 2 76 medication medication NOUN anesthj-129 2 77 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 2 78 assistant assistant NOUN anesthj-129 2 79 treatments treatment NOUN anesthj-129 2 80 ; ; PUNCT anesthj-129 2 81 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 2 82 management management NOUN anesthj-129 2 83 abstract abstract NOUN anesthj-129 2 84 a a DET anesthj-129 2 85 52 52 NUM anesthj-129 2 86 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 2 87 year year NOUN anesthj-129 2 88 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 2 89 old old ADJ anesthj-129 2 90 female female NOUN anesthj-129 2 91 with with ADP anesthj-129 2 92 a a DET anesthj-129 2 93 history history NOUN anesthj-129 2 94 of of ADP anesthj-129 2 95 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 2 96 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 2 97 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 2 98 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 2 99 therapy therapy NOUN anesthj-129 2 100 was be AUX anesthj-129 2 101 scheduled schedule VERB anesthj-129 2 102 for for ADP anesthj-129 2 103 spinal spinal ADJ anesthj-129 2 104 cord cord NOUN anesthj-129 2 105 stimulator stimulator NOUN anesthj-129 2 106 removal removal NOUN anesthj-129 2 107 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 3 1 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 3 2 with with ADP anesthj-129 3 3 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 3 4 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 3 5 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 3 6 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 3 7 use use NOUN anesthj-129 3 8 disorders disorder NOUN anesthj-129 3 9 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 3 10 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 3 11 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 3 12 are be AUX anesthj-129 3 13 often often ADV anesthj-129 3 14 managed manage VERB anesthj-129 3 15 with with ADP anesthj-129 3 16 prescriptions prescription NOUN anesthj-129 3 17 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 3 18 medication medication NOUN anesthj-129 3 19 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 3 20 assisted assist VERB anesthj-129 3 21 treatments treatment NOUN anesthj-129 3 22 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 3 23 mat mat NOUN anesthj-129 3 24 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 3 25 involving involve VERB anesthj-129 3 26 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 3 27 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 3 28 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 3 29 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 4 1 existing exist VERB anesthj-129 4 2 case case NOUN anesthj-129 4 3 studies study NOUN anesthj-129 4 4 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 4 5 expert expert NOUN anesthj-129 4 6 opinions opinion NOUN anesthj-129 4 7 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 4 8 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 4 9 clinical clinical ADJ anesthj-129 4 10 practice practice NOUN anesthj-129 4 11 advisories advisory NOUN anesthj-129 4 12 recommend recommend VERB anesthj-129 4 13 continuation continuation NOUN anesthj-129 4 14 of of ADP anesthj-129 4 15 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 4 16 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 4 17 buprenorphine buprenorphine VERB anesthj-129 4 18 perioperatively perioperatively ADV anesthj-129 4 19 to to PART anesthj-129 4 20 avoid avoid VERB anesthj-129 4 21 regimen regimen NOUN anesthj-129 4 22 disruptions disruption NOUN anesthj-129 4 23 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 4 24 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 4 25 level level NOUN anesthj-129 4 26 fluctuations fluctuation NOUN anesthj-129 4 27 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 5 1 most most ADJ anesthj-129 5 2 recommendations recommendation NOUN anesthj-129 5 3 are be AUX anesthj-129 5 4 also also ADV anesthj-129 5 5 in in ADP anesthj-129 5 6 agreement agreement NOUN anesthj-129 5 7 for for ADP anesthj-129 5 8 providers provider NOUN anesthj-129 5 9 to to PART anesthj-129 5 10 implement implement VERB anesthj-129 5 11 multimodal multimodal ADJ anesthj-129 5 12 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 5 13 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 5 14 incorporate incorporate VERB anesthj-129 5 15 regional regional ADJ anesthj-129 5 16 / / SYM anesthj-129 5 17 neuraxial neuraxial ADJ anesthj-129 5 18 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 5 19 when when SCONJ anesthj-129 5 20 appropriate appropriate ADJ anesthj-129 5 21 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 6 1 abrupt abrupt ADJ anesthj-129 6 2 discontinuation discontinuation NOUN anesthj-129 6 3 of of ADP anesthj-129 6 4 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 6 5 can can AUX anesthj-129 6 6 result result VERB anesthj-129 6 7 in in ADP anesthj-129 6 8 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 6 9 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 6 10 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 6 11 place place VERB anesthj-129 6 12 the the DET anesthj-129 6 13 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 6 14 at at ADP anesthj-129 6 15 risk risk NOUN anesthj-129 6 16 for for ADP anesthj-129 6 17 relapse relapse NOUN anesthj-129 6 18 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 7 1 buprenorphine buprenorphine PROPN anesthj-129 7 2 is be AUX anesthj-129 7 3 a a DET anesthj-129 7 4 partial partial ADJ anesthj-129 7 5 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 7 6 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 7 7 with with ADP anesthj-129 7 8 high high ADJ anesthj-129 7 9 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 7 10 binding bind VERB anesthj-129 7 11 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 7 12 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 7 13 slow slow ADJ anesthj-129 7 14 dissociation dissociation NOUN anesthj-129 7 15 properties property NOUN anesthj-129 7 16 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 8 1 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 8 2 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 8 3 management management NOUN anesthj-129 8 4 varies vary VERB anesthj-129 8 5 widely widely ADV anesthj-129 8 6 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 8 7 but but CCONJ anesthj-129 8 8 many many ADJ anesthj-129 8 9 guidelines guideline NOUN anesthj-129 8 10 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 8 11 protocols protocol NOUN anesthj-129 8 12 recommend recommend VERB anesthj-129 8 13 continuing continue VERB anesthj-129 8 14 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 8 15 preoperatively preoperatively ADV anesthj-129 8 16 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 9 1 introduction introduction NOUN anesthj-129 9 2 one one NUM anesthj-129 9 3 hundred hundred NUM anesthj-129 9 4 million million NUM anesthj-129 9 5 people people NOUN anesthj-129 9 6 in in ADP anesthj-129 9 7 the the DET anesthj-129 9 8 united united PROPN anesthj-129 9 9 states states PROPN anesthj-129 9 10 live live VERB anesthj-129 9 11 with with ADP anesthj-129 9 12 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 9 13 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 9 14 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 9 15 around around ADV anesthj-129 9 16 two two NUM anesthj-129 9 17 million million NUM anesthj-129 9 18 people people NOUN anesthj-129 9 19 suffer suffer VERB anesthj-129 9 20 from from ADP anesthj-129 9 21 substance substance NOUN anesthj-129 9 22 abuse abuse NOUN anesthj-129 9 23 disorder disorder NOUN anesthj-129 9 24 related relate VERB anesthj-129 9 25 to to ADP anesthj-129 9 26 opioids opioid NOUN anesthj-129 9 27 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 9 28 heroin.1 heroin.1 ADJ anesthj-129 9 29 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 9 30 3 3 NUM anesthj-129 9 31 deaths death NOUN anesthj-129 9 32 due due ADJ anesthj-129 9 33 to to ADP anesthj-129 9 34 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 9 35 overdose overdose NOUN anesthj-129 9 36 have have AUX anesthj-129 9 37 increased increase VERB anesthj-129 9 38 four four NUM anesthj-129 9 39 - - NOUN anesthj-129 9 40 fold fold NOUN anesthj-129 9 41 between between ADP anesthj-129 9 42 1999 1999 NUM anesthj-129 9 43 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 9 44 2017.4 2017.4 NUM anesthj-129 9 45     SPACE anesthj-129 9 46 many many ADJ anesthj-129 9 47 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 9 48 undergoing undergo VERB anesthj-129 9 49 surgery surgery NOUN anesthj-129 9 50 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 9 51 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 9 52 have have VERB anesthj-129 9 53 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 9 54 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 9 55 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 9 56 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 9 57 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 9 58 requiring require VERB anesthj-129 9 59 providers provider NOUN anesthj-129 9 60 to to PART anesthj-129 9 61 understand understand VERB anesthj-129 9 62 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 9 63 address address VERB anesthj-129 9 64 the the DET anesthj-129 9 65 complexity complexity NOUN anesthj-129 9 66 of of ADP anesthj-129 9 67 medications medication NOUN anesthj-129 9 68 such such ADJ anesthj-129 9 69 as as ADP anesthj-129 9 70 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 9 71 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 9 72 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 9 73 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 10 1 lack lack NOUN anesthj-129 10 2 of of ADP anesthj-129 10 3 awareness awareness NOUN anesthj-129 10 4 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 10 5 ineffective ineffective ADJ anesthj-129 10 6 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 10 7 management management NOUN anesthj-129 10 8 for for ADP anesthj-129 10 9 these these DET anesthj-129 10 10 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 10 11 can can AUX anesthj-129 10 12 result result VERB anesthj-129 10 13 in in ADP anesthj-129 10 14 higher high ADJ anesthj-129 10 15 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 10 16 use use NOUN anesthj-129 10 17 from from ADP anesthj-129 10 18 inadequate inadequate ADJ anesthj-129 10 19 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 10 20 control control NOUN anesthj-129 10 21 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 10 22 exacerbation exacerbation NOUN anesthj-129 10 23 of of ADP anesthj-129 10 24 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 10 25 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 10 26 relapse relapse NOUN anesthj-129 10 27 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 10 28 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 10 29 increased increase VERB anesthj-129 10 30 risk risk NOUN anesthj-129 10 31 of of ADP anesthj-129 10 32 cardiac cardiac ADJ anesthj-129 10 33 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 10 34 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 10 35 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 10 36 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 10 37 neurological neurological ADJ anesthj-129 10 38 depression.1 depression.1 PROPN anesthj-129 10 39 - - SYM anesthj-129 10 40 9 9 NUM anesthj-129 10 41 aej aej NOUN anesthj-129 10 42 educated educate VERB anesthj-129 10 43 hand hand NOUN anesthj-129 10 44 publishing publish VERB anesthj-129 10 45 llc llc PROPN anesthj-129 10 46 “ " PUNCT anesthj-129 10 47 the the DET anesthj-129 10 48 science science NOUN anesthj-129 10 49 behind behind ADP anesthj-129 10 50 the the DET anesthj-129 10 51 art art NOUN anesthj-129 10 52 ” " PUNCT anesthj-129 10 53 volume volume NOUN anesthj-129 10 54 8 8 NUM anesthj-129 10 55 no no NOUN anesthj-129 10 56 . . NOUN anesthj-129 10 57 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 10 58 2020 2020 NUM anesthj-129 10 59 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 10 60 ejournal ejournal PROPN anesthj-129 10 61 online online PROPN anesthj-129 10 62 issn issn PROPN anesthj-129 10 63 2333 2333 NUM anesthj-129 10 64 - - SYM anesthj-129 10 65 2611 2611 NUM anesthj-129 10 66 page page NOUN anesthj-129 10 67 17 17 NUM anesthj-129 10 68 case case NOUN anesthj-129 10 69 summary summary VERB anesthj-129 10 70 a a DET anesthj-129 10 71 52 52 NUM anesthj-129 10 72 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 10 73 year year NOUN anesthj-129 10 74 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 10 75 old old ADJ anesthj-129 10 76 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 10 77 146 146 NUM anesthj-129 10 78 kg kg NOUN anesthj-129 10 79 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 10 80 167 167 NUM anesthj-129 10 81 cm cm NOUN anesthj-129 10 82 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 10 83 female female NOUN anesthj-129 10 84 presented present VERB anesthj-129 10 85 for for ADP anesthj-129 10 86 spinal spinal ADJ anesthj-129 10 87 cord cord NOUN anesthj-129 10 88 stimulator stimulator NOUN anesthj-129 10 89 removal removal NOUN anesthj-129 10 90 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 11 1 the the DET anesthj-129 11 2 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 11 3 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 11 4 past past ADJ anesthj-129 11 5 medical medical ADJ anesthj-129 11 6 history history NOUN anesthj-129 11 7 included include VERB anesthj-129 11 8 asthma asthma NOUN anesthj-129 11 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 11 10 mitral mitral ADJ anesthj-129 11 11 valve valve NOUN anesthj-129 11 12 prolapse prolapse NOUN anesthj-129 11 13 without without ADP anesthj-129 11 14 any any DET anesthj-129 11 15 current current ADJ anesthj-129 11 16 issues issue NOUN anesthj-129 11 17 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 11 18 symptoms symptom NOUN anesthj-129 11 19 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 11 20 arthritis arthritis NOUN anesthj-129 11 21 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 11 22 obesity obesity NOUN anesthj-129 11 23 with with ADP anesthj-129 11 24 a a DET anesthj-129 11 25 body body NOUN anesthj-129 11 26 mass mass NOUN anesthj-129 11 27 index index NOUN anesthj-129 11 28 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 11 29 bmi bmi PROPN anesthj-129 11 30 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 11 31 of of ADP anesthj-129 11 32 52 52 NUM anesthj-129 11 33 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 11 34 depression depression NOUN anesthj-129 11 35 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 11 36 anxiety anxiety NOUN anesthj-129 11 37 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 11 38 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 11 39 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 11 40 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 11 41 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 12 1 the the DET anesthj-129 12 2 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 12 3 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 12 4 past past ADJ anesthj-129 12 5 surgical surgical ADJ anesthj-129 12 6 history history NOUN anesthj-129 12 7 included include VERB anesthj-129 12 8 stomach stomach NOUN anesthj-129 12 9 surgery surgery NOUN anesthj-129 12 10 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 12 11 gallbladder gallbladder NOUN anesthj-129 12 12 surgery surgery NOUN anesthj-129 12 13 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 12 14 abdominal abdominal ADJ anesthj-129 12 15 hysterectomy hysterectomy NOUN anesthj-129 12 16 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 12 17 tubal tubal ADJ anesthj-129 12 18 ligation ligation NOUN anesthj-129 12 19 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 12 20 right right ADJ anesthj-129 12 21 knee knee NOUN anesthj-129 12 22 surgery surgery NOUN anesthj-129 12 23 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 12 24 nerve nerve NOUN anesthj-129 12 25 anastomosis anastomosis NOUN anesthj-129 12 26 of of ADP anesthj-129 12 27 left left ADJ anesthj-129 12 28 arm arm NOUN anesthj-129 12 29 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 12 30 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 12 31 spinal spinal ADJ anesthj-129 12 32 cord cord NOUN anesthj-129 12 33 stimulator stimulator NOUN anesthj-129 12 34 placement placement NOUN anesthj-129 12 35 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 13 1 in in ADP anesthj-129 13 2 2010 2010 NUM anesthj-129 13 3 the the DET anesthj-129 13 4 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 13 5 was be AUX anesthj-129 13 6 shot shoot VERB anesthj-129 13 7 multiple multiple ADJ anesthj-129 13 8 times time NOUN anesthj-129 13 9 in in ADP anesthj-129 13 10 the the DET anesthj-129 13 11 left left ADJ anesthj-129 13 12 arm arm NOUN anesthj-129 13 13 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 13 14 right right ADJ anesthj-129 13 15 knee knee NOUN anesthj-129 13 16 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 13 17 which which PRON anesthj-129 13 18 led lead VERB anesthj-129 13 19 to to ADP anesthj-129 13 20 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 13 21 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 13 22 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 13 23 placement placement NOUN anesthj-129 13 24 of of ADP anesthj-129 13 25 spinal spinal ADJ anesthj-129 13 26 cord cord NOUN anesthj-129 13 27 stimulator stimulator NOUN anesthj-129 13 28 for for ADP anesthj-129 13 29 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 13 30 management management NOUN anesthj-129 13 31 in in ADP anesthj-129 13 32 2014 2014 NUM anesthj-129 13 33 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 14 1 the the DET anesthj-129 14 2 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 14 3 denied deny VERB anesthj-129 14 4 any any DET anesthj-129 14 5 previous previous ADJ anesthj-129 14 6 complications complication NOUN anesthj-129 14 7 with with ADP anesthj-129 14 8 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 14 9 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 15 1 an an DET anesthj-129 15 2 anesthetic anesthetic ADJ anesthj-129 15 3 record record NOUN anesthj-129 15 4 from from ADP anesthj-129 15 5 2017 2017 NUM anesthj-129 15 6 had have AUX anesthj-129 15 7 noted note VERB anesthj-129 15 8 the the DET anesthj-129 15 9 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 15 10 to to PART anesthj-129 15 11 be be AUX anesthj-129 15 12 a a DET anesthj-129 15 13 difficult difficult ADJ anesthj-129 15 14 airway airway NOUN anesthj-129 15 15 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 16 1 intubation intubation NOUN anesthj-129 16 2 was be AUX anesthj-129 16 3 obtained obtain VERB anesthj-129 16 4 after after ADP anesthj-129 16 5 three three NUM anesthj-129 16 6 attempts attempt NOUN anesthj-129 16 7 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 16 8 with with ADP anesthj-129 16 9 successful successful ADJ anesthj-129 16 10 placement placement NOUN anesthj-129 16 11 of of ADP anesthj-129 16 12 endotracheal endotracheal ADJ anesthj-129 16 13 tube tube NOUN anesthj-129 16 14 facilitated facilitate VERB anesthj-129 16 15 by by ADP anesthj-129 16 16 utilization utilization NOUN anesthj-129 16 17 of of ADP anesthj-129 16 18 glidescope glidescope NOUN anesthj-129 16 19 video video NOUN anesthj-129 16 20 laryngoscopy laryngoscopy NOUN anesthj-129 16 21 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 16 22 cricoid cricoid ADJ anesthj-129 16 23 pressure pressure NOUN anesthj-129 16 24 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 16 25 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 16 26 eschmann eschmann ADJ anesthj-129 16 27 tracheal tracheal NOUN anesthj-129 16 28 tube tube NOUN anesthj-129 16 29 introducer introducer NOUN anesthj-129 16 30 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 17 1 her her PRON anesthj-129 17 2 outpatient outpatient NOUN anesthj-129 17 3 medication medication NOUN anesthj-129 17 4 list list NOUN anesthj-129 17 5 included include VERB anesthj-129 17 6 albuterol albuterol NOUN anesthj-129 17 7 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 17 8 alprazolam alprazolam PROPN anesthj-129 17 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 17 10 gabapentin gabapentin NOUN anesthj-129 17 11 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 17 12 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 17 13 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 17 14 venlafaxine venlafaxine NOUN anesthj-129 17 15 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 17 16 cyclobenzaprine cyclobenzaprine NOUN anesthj-129 17 17 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 17 18 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 17 19 topiramate topiramate ADJ anesthj-129 17 20 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 18 1 allergies allergy NOUN anesthj-129 18 2 to to ADP anesthj-129 18 3 erythromycin erythromycin PROPN anesthj-129 18 4 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 18 5 penicillin penicillin NOUN anesthj-129 18 6 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 18 7 which which PRON anesthj-129 18 8 both both PRON anesthj-129 18 9 cause cause VERB anesthj-129 18 10 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 18 11 distress distress NOUN anesthj-129 18 12 for for ADP anesthj-129 18 13 the the DET anesthj-129 18 14 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 18 15 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 18 16 were be AUX anesthj-129 18 17 reviewed review VERB anesthj-129 18 18 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 18 19 confirmed confirm VERB anesthj-129 18 20 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 19 1 laboratory laboratory NOUN anesthj-129 19 2 results result NOUN anesthj-129 19 3 from from ADP anesthj-129 19 4 pre pre ADJ anesthj-129 19 5 - - ADJ anesthj-129 19 6 surgery surgery ADJ anesthj-129 19 7 testing testing NOUN anesthj-129 19 8 were be AUX anesthj-129 19 9 unremarkable unremarkable ADJ anesthj-129 19 10 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 20 1 pre pre ADJ anesthj-129 20 2 - - ADJ anesthj-129 20 3 anesthetic anesthetic ADJ anesthj-129 20 4 evaluation evaluation NOUN anesthj-129 20 5 was be AUX anesthj-129 20 6 performed perform VERB anesthj-129 20 7 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 20 8 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 20 9 the the DET anesthj-129 20 10 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 20 11 reported report VERB anesthj-129 20 12 to to PART anesthj-129 20 13 have have AUX anesthj-129 20 14 discontinued discontinue VERB anesthj-129 20 15 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 20 16 intake intake NOUN anesthj-129 20 17 about about ADV anesthj-129 20 18 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 20 19 months month NOUN anesthj-129 20 20 ago ago ADV anesthj-129 20 21 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 21 1 the the DET anesthj-129 21 2 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 21 3 was be AUX anesthj-129 21 4 classified classify VERB anesthj-129 21 5 as as ADP anesthj-129 21 6 physical physical ADJ anesthj-129 21 7 status status NOUN anesthj-129 21 8 iii iii PROPN anesthj-129 21 9 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 22 1 upon upon SCONJ anesthj-129 22 2 arrival arrival NOUN anesthj-129 22 3 to to ADP anesthj-129 22 4 the the DET anesthj-129 22 5 operating operating NOUN anesthj-129 22 6 room room NOUN anesthj-129 22 7 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 22 8 the the DET anesthj-129 22 9 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 22 10 maintained maintain VERB anesthj-129 22 11 supine supine ADJ anesthj-129 22 12 position position NOUN anesthj-129 22 13 on on ADP anesthj-129 22 14 stretcher stretcher NOUN anesthj-129 22 15 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 23 1 physiologic physiologic ADJ anesthj-129 23 2 monitors monitor NOUN anesthj-129 23 3 were be AUX anesthj-129 23 4 applied apply VERB anesthj-129 23 5 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 23 6 including include VERB anesthj-129 23 7 pulse pulse NOUN anesthj-129 23 8 oximeter oximeter NOUN anesthj-129 23 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 23 10 noninvasive noninvasive ADJ anesthj-129 23 11 blood blood NOUN anesthj-129 23 12 pressure pressure NOUN anesthj-129 23 13 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 23 14 bp bp PROPN anesthj-129 23 15 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 23 16 cuff cuff NOUN anesthj-129 23 17 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 23 18 electrocardiogram electrocardiogram NOUN anesthj-129 23 19 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 23 20 ecg ecg PROPN anesthj-129 23 21 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 23 22 monitoring monitoring NOUN anesthj-129 23 23 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 23 24 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 23 25 capnography capnography NOUN anesthj-129 23 26 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 24 1 pre pre ADJ anesthj-129 24 2 - - ADJ anesthj-129 24 3 induction induction ADJ anesthj-129 24 4 vital vital ADJ anesthj-129 24 5 signs sign NOUN anesthj-129 24 6 were be AUX anesthj-129 24 7 heart heart NOUN anesthj-129 24 8 rate rate NOUN anesthj-129 24 9 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 24 10 hr hr NOUN anesthj-129 24 11 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 24 12 76 76 NUM anesthj-129 24 13 beats beat NOUN anesthj-129 24 14 per per ADP anesthj-129 24 15 minute minute NOUN anesthj-129 24 16 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 24 17 bp bp PROPN anesthj-129 24 18 165/71 165/71 NUM anesthj-129 24 19 mm mm PROPN anesthj-129 24 20 hg hg NOUN anesthj-129 24 21 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 24 22 oxygen oxygen NOUN anesthj-129 24 23 saturation saturation NOUN anesthj-129 24 24 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 24 25 spo2)100 spo2)100 NUM anesthj-129 24 26 % % NOUN anesthj-129 24 27 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 24 28 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 24 29 rate rate NOUN anesthj-129 24 30 of of ADP anesthj-129 24 31 13 13 NUM anesthj-129 24 32 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 24 33 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 24 34 temperature temperature NOUN anesthj-129 24 35 of of ADP anesthj-129 24 36 36.2 36.2 NUM anesthj-129 24 37 ° ° NOUN anesthj-129 24 38 c c NOUN anesthj-129 24 39 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 25 1 the the DET anesthj-129 25 2 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 25 3 was be AUX anesthj-129 25 4 preoxygenated preoxygenate VERB anesthj-129 25 5 via via ADP anesthj-129 25 6 face face NOUN anesthj-129 25 7 mask mask NOUN anesthj-129 25 8 with with ADP anesthj-129 25 9 100 100 NUM anesthj-129 25 10 % % NOUN anesthj-129 25 11 fio2 fio2 NOUN anesthj-129 25 12 at at ADP anesthj-129 25 13 15 15 NUM anesthj-129 25 14 l l NOUN anesthj-129 25 15 / / SYM anesthj-129 25 16 min min NOUN anesthj-129 25 17 . . PROPN anesthj-129 25 18 induction induction NOUN anesthj-129 25 19 was be AUX anesthj-129 25 20 initiated initiate VERB anesthj-129 25 21 once once ADV anesthj-129 25 22 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 25 23 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 25 24 end end NOUN anesthj-129 25 25 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 25 26 tidal tidal ADJ anesthj-129 25 27 oxygen oxygen NOUN anesthj-129 25 28 concentration concentration NOUN anesthj-129 25 29 levels level NOUN anesthj-129 25 30 were be AUX anesthj-129 25 31 above above ADP anesthj-129 25 32 85 85 NUM anesthj-129 25 33 % % NOUN anesthj-129 25 34 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 26 1 general general PROPN anesthj-129 26 2 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 26 3 was be AUX anesthj-129 26 4 induced induce VERB anesthj-129 26 5 intravenously intravenously ADV anesthj-129 26 6 with with ADP anesthj-129 26 7 fentanyl fentanyl ADJ anesthj-129 26 8 100 100 NUM anesthj-129 26 9 mcg mcg NOUN anesthj-129 26 10 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 26 11 lidocaine lidocaine NOUN anesthj-129 26 12 50 50 NUM anesthj-129 26 13 mg mg NOUN anesthj-129 26 14 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 26 15 propofol propofol NOUN anesthj-129 26 16 200 200 NUM anesthj-129 26 17 mg mg NOUN anesthj-129 26 18 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 26 19 rocuronium rocuronium NOUN anesthj-129 26 20 50 50 NUM anesthj-129 26 21 mg mg NOUN anesthj-129 26 22 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 26 23 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 26 24 ketamine ketamine VERB anesthj-129 26 25 30 30 NUM anesthj-129 26 26 mg mg NOUN anesthj-129 26 27 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 27 1 due due ADP anesthj-129 27 2 to to ADP anesthj-129 27 3 a a DET anesthj-129 27 4 previous previous ADJ anesthj-129 27 5 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 27 6 record record NOUN anesthj-129 27 7 from from ADP anesthj-129 27 8 2017 2017 NUM anesthj-129 27 9 indicating indicate VERB anesthj-129 27 10 difficult difficult ADJ anesthj-129 27 11 airway airway NOUN anesthj-129 27 12 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 27 13 glidescope glidescope NOUN anesthj-129 27 14 video video NOUN anesthj-129 27 15 laryngoscopy laryngoscopy NOUN anesthj-129 27 16 was be AUX anesthj-129 27 17 utilized utilize VERB anesthj-129 27 18 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 27 19 grade grade NOUN anesthj-129 27 20 i i PRON anesthj-129 27 21 view view VERB anesthj-129 27 22 of of ADP anesthj-129 27 23 vocal vocal ADJ anesthj-129 27 24 cords cord NOUN anesthj-129 27 25 was be AUX anesthj-129 27 26 obtained obtain VERB anesthj-129 27 27 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 27 28 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 27 29 the the DET anesthj-129 27 30 airway airway NOUN anesthj-129 27 31 was be AUX anesthj-129 27 32 secured secure VERB anesthj-129 27 33 with with ADP anesthj-129 27 34 a a DET anesthj-129 27 35 7.0 7.0 NUM anesthj-129 27 36 mm mm NOUN anesthj-129 27 37 endotracheal endotracheal NOUN anesthj-129 27 38 tube tube NOUN anesthj-129 27 39 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 28 1 placement placement NOUN anesthj-129 28 2 confirmation confirmation NOUN anesthj-129 28 3 was be AUX anesthj-129 28 4 verified verify VERB anesthj-129 28 5 through through ADP anesthj-129 28 6 bilateral bilateral ADJ anesthj-129 28 7 breath breath NOUN anesthj-129 28 8 sounds sound NOUN anesthj-129 28 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 28 10 positive positive ADJ anesthj-129 28 11 end end NOUN anesthj-129 28 12 tidal tidal ADJ anesthj-129 28 13 carbon carbon NOUN anesthj-129 28 14 dioxide dioxide NOUN anesthj-129 28 15 capnography capnography NOUN anesthj-129 28 16 waveform waveform NOUN anesthj-129 28 17 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 28 18 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 28 19 symmetrical symmetrical ADJ anesthj-129 28 20 chest chest NOUN anesthj-129 28 21 wall wall PROPN anesthj-129 28 22 movement movement PROPN anesthj-129 28 23 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 29 1 sevoflurane sevoflurane PROPN anesthj-129 29 2 0.6 0.6 NUM anesthj-129 29 3 - - SYM anesthj-129 29 4 2.1 2.1 NUM anesthj-129 29 5 % % NOUN anesthj-129 29 6 was be AUX anesthj-129 29 7 used use VERB anesthj-129 29 8 as as ADP anesthj-129 29 9 anesthetic anesthetic ADJ anesthj-129 29 10 maintenance maintenance NOUN anesthj-129 29 11 agent agent NOUN anesthj-129 29 12 with with ADP anesthj-129 29 13 oxygen oxygen NOUN anesthj-129 29 14 at at ADP anesthj-129 29 15 1 1 NUM anesthj-129 29 16 l l NOUN anesthj-129 29 17 / / SYM anesthj-129 29 18 min min NOUN anesthj-129 29 19 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 29 20 air air NOUN anesthj-129 29 21 at at ADP anesthj-129 29 22 1 1 NUM anesthj-129 29 23 l l NOUN anesthj-129 29 24 / / SYM anesthj-129 29 25 min min NOUN anesthj-129 29 26 . . PROPN anesthj-129 29 27 initial initial ADJ anesthj-129 29 28 vital vital ADJ anesthj-129 29 29 signs sign NOUN anesthj-129 29 30 post post NOUN anesthj-129 29 31 - - NOUN anesthj-129 29 32 intubation intubation NOUN anesthj-129 29 33 was be AUX anesthj-129 29 34 hr hr NOUN anesthj-129 29 35 of of ADP anesthj-129 29 36 106 106 NUM anesthj-129 29 37 beats beat NOUN anesthj-129 29 38 per per ADP anesthj-129 29 39 min min NOUN anesthj-129 29 40 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 29 41 bp bp PROPN anesthj-129 29 42 of of ADP anesthj-129 29 43 162/134 162/134 PROPN anesthj-129 29 44 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 29 45 spo2 spo2 PROPN anesthj-129 29 46 of of ADP anesthj-129 29 47 100 100 NUM anesthj-129 29 48 % % NOUN anesthj-129 29 49 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 30 1 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 30 2 was be AUX anesthj-129 30 3 then then ADV anesthj-129 30 4 placed place VERB anesthj-129 30 5 in in ADP anesthj-129 30 6 prone prone ADJ anesthj-129 30 7 position position NOUN anesthj-129 30 8 on on ADP anesthj-129 30 9 a a DET anesthj-129 30 10 wilson wilson PROPN anesthj-129 30 11 frame frame NOUN anesthj-129 30 12 for for ADP anesthj-129 30 13 surgery surgery NOUN anesthj-129 30 14 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 31 1 local local ADJ anesthj-129 31 2 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 31 3 infiltration infiltration NOUN anesthj-129 31 4 was be AUX anesthj-129 31 5 performed perform VERB anesthj-129 31 6 by by ADP anesthj-129 31 7 surgical surgical ADJ anesthj-129 31 8 team team NOUN anesthj-129 31 9 with with ADP anesthj-129 31 10 wound wound ADJ anesthj-129 31 11 closure closure NOUN anesthj-129 31 12 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 32 1 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 32 2 was be AUX anesthj-129 32 3 repositioned reposition VERB anesthj-129 32 4 to to ADP anesthj-129 32 5 supine supine ADJ anesthj-129 32 6 position position NOUN anesthj-129 32 7 on on ADP anesthj-129 32 8 the the DET anesthj-129 32 9 stretcher stretcher NOUN anesthj-129 32 10 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 33 1 intravenous intravenous ADJ anesthj-129 33 2 medications medication NOUN anesthj-129 33 3 including include VERB anesthj-129 33 4 ketamine ketamine PROPN anesthj-129 33 5 20 20 NUM anesthj-129 33 6 mg mg PROPN anesthj-129 33 7 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 33 8 ondansetron ondansetron NOUN anesthj-129 33 9 4 4 NUM anesthj-129 33 10 mg mg PROPN anesthj-129 33 11 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 33 12 methocarbamol methocarbamol VERB anesthj-129 33 13 1 1 NUM anesthj-129 33 14 g g NOUN anesthj-129 33 15 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 33 16 neostigmine neostigmine VERB anesthj-129 33 17 3 3 NUM anesthj-129 33 18 mg mg PROPN anesthj-129 33 19 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 33 20 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 33 21 glycopyrrolate glycopyrrolate VERB anesthj-129 33 22 0.4 0.4 NUM anesthj-129 33 23 mg mg NOUN anesthj-129 33 24 were be AUX anesthj-129 33 25 administered administer VERB anesthj-129 33 26 during during ADP anesthj-129 33 27 emergence emergence NOUN anesthj-129 33 28 of of ADP anesthj-129 33 29 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 33 30 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 34 1 train train NOUN anesthj-129 34 2 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 34 3 of of ADP anesthj-129 34 4 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 34 5 four four NUM anesthj-129 34 6 monitor monitor NOUN anesthj-129 34 7 revealed reveal VERB anesthj-129 34 8 4/4 4/4 NUM anesthj-129 34 9 twitches twitch NOUN anesthj-129 34 10 with with ADP anesthj-129 34 11 sustained sustained ADJ anesthj-129 34 12 tetany tetany NOUN anesthj-129 34 13 for for ADP anesthj-129 34 14 5 5 NUM anesthj-129 34 15 seconds second NOUN anesthj-129 34 16 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 35 1 spontaneous spontaneous ADJ anesthj-129 35 2 respirations respiration NOUN anesthj-129 35 3 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 35 4 adequate adequate ADJ anesthj-129 35 5 tidal tidal ADJ anesthj-129 35 6 volumes volume NOUN anesthj-129 35 7 were be AUX anesthj-129 35 8 maintained maintain VERB anesthj-129 35 9 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 36 1 after after SCONJ anesthj-129 36 2 oropharyngeal oropharyngeal NOUN anesthj-129 36 3 suctioning suctioning NOUN anesthj-129 36 4 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 36 5 extubation extubation NOUN anesthj-129 36 6 criteria criterion NOUN anesthj-129 36 7 were be AUX anesthj-129 36 8 met meet VERB anesthj-129 36 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 36 10 the the DET anesthj-129 36 11 endotracheal endotracheal ADJ anesthj-129 36 12 tube tube NOUN anesthj-129 36 13 was be AUX anesthj-129 36 14 removed remove VERB anesthj-129 36 15 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 37 1 oxygen oxygen NOUN anesthj-129 37 2 at at ADP anesthj-129 37 3 4 4 NUM anesthj-129 37 4 l l NOUN anesthj-129 37 5 / / SYM anesthj-129 37 6 min min NOUN anesthj-129 37 7 via via ADP anesthj-129 37 8 facemask facemask NOUN anesthj-129 37 9 was be AUX anesthj-129 37 10 applied apply VERB anesthj-129 37 11 as as ADP anesthj-129 37 12 patient patient ADJ anesthj-129 37 13 was be AUX anesthj-129 37 14 transported transport VERB anesthj-129 37 15 to to ADP anesthj-129 37 16 post post ADJ anesthj-129 37 17 - - ADJ anesthj-129 37 18 anesthesia anesthesia ADJ anesthj-129 37 19 care care NOUN anesthj-129 37 20 unit unit NOUN anesthj-129 37 21 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 37 22 pacu pacu PROPN anesthj-129 37 23 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 37 24 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 38 1 post post ADJ anesthj-129 38 2 - - ADJ anesthj-129 38 3 procedure procedure ADJ anesthj-129 38 4 vital vital ADJ anesthj-129 38 5 signs sign NOUN anesthj-129 38 6 were be AUX anesthj-129 38 7 hr hr NOUN anesthj-129 38 8 75 75 NUM anesthj-129 38 9 beats beat NOUN anesthj-129 38 10 per per ADP anesthj-129 38 11 minute minute NOUN anesthj-129 38 12 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 38 13 bp bp PROPN anesthj-129 38 14 140/70 140/70 NUM anesthj-129 38 15 mm mm NUM anesthj-129 38 16 hg hg PROPN anesthj-129 38 17 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 38 18 spo2 spo2 PROPN anesthj-129 38 19 100 100 NUM anesthj-129 38 20 % % NOUN anesthj-129 38 21 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 38 22 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 38 23 rate rate NOUN anesthj-129 38 24 of of ADP anesthj-129 38 25 16 16 NUM anesthj-129 38 26 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 38 27 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 38 28 temperature temperature NOUN anesthj-129 38 29 of of ADP anesthj-129 38 30 36.1 36.1 NUM anesthj-129 38 31 ° ° NOUN anesthj-129 38 32 c c NOUN anesthj-129 38 33 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 39 1 no no DET anesthj-129 39 2 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 39 3 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 39 4 surgical surgical ADJ anesthj-129 39 5 complications complication NOUN anesthj-129 39 6 were be AUX anesthj-129 39 7 noted note VERB anesthj-129 39 8 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 40 1 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 40 2 was be AUX anesthj-129 40 3 discharged discharge VERB anesthj-129 40 4 from from ADP anesthj-129 40 5 pacu pacu NOUN anesthj-129 40 6 within within ADP anesthj-129 40 7 the the DET anesthj-129 40 8 same same ADJ anesthj-129 40 9 day day NOUN anesthj-129 40 10 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 41 1 discussion discussion NOUN anesthj-129 41 2 the the DET anesthj-129 41 3 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 41 4 abuse abuse NOUN anesthj-129 41 5 pandemic pandemic ADJ anesthj-129 41 6 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 41 7 increasing increase VERB anesthj-129 41 8 numbers number NOUN anesthj-129 41 9 of of ADP anesthj-129 41 10 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 41 11 with with ADP anesthj-129 41 12 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 41 13 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 41 14 presents present VERB anesthj-129 41 15 a a DET anesthj-129 41 16 multitude multitude NOUN anesthj-129 41 17 of of ADP anesthj-129 41 18 challenges challenge NOUN anesthj-129 41 19 perioperatively perioperatively ADV anesthj-129 41 20 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 41 21 little little ADJ anesthj-129 41 22 has have AUX anesthj-129 41 23 been be AUX anesthj-129 41 24 studied study VERB anesthj-129 41 25 to to PART anesthj-129 41 26 provide provide VERB anesthj-129 41 27 high high ADJ anesthj-129 41 28 quality quality NOUN anesthj-129 41 29 evidence evidence NOUN anesthj-129 41 30 as as ADP anesthj-129 41 31 guidance guidance NOUN anesthj-129 41 32 to to ADP anesthj-129 41 33 optimal optimal ADJ anesthj-129 41 34 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 41 35 management.1 management.1 ADJ anesthj-129 41 36 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 41 37 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 41 38 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 41 39 with with ADP anesthj-129 41 40 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 41 41 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 41 42 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 41 43 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 41 44 are be AUX anesthj-129 41 45 vulnerable vulnerable ADJ anesthj-129 41 46 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 41 47 at at ADP anesthj-129 41 48 risk risk NOUN anesthj-129 41 49 for for ADP anesthj-129 41 50 ineffective ineffective ADJ anesthj-129 41 51 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 41 52 management management NOUN anesthj-129 41 53 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 41 54 marginalization marginalization NOUN anesthj-129 41 55 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 41 56 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 41 57 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 41 58 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 41 59 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 41 60 relapse relapse NOUN anesthj-129 41 61 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 42 1 existing exist VERB anesthj-129 42 2 mat mat NOUN anesthj-129 42 3 for for ADP anesthj-129 42 4 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 42 5 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 42 6 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 42 7 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 42 8 involves involve VERB anesthj-129 42 9 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 42 10 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 42 11 such such ADJ anesthj-129 42 12 as as ADP anesthj-129 42 13 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 42 14 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 42 15 partial partial ADJ anesthj-129 42 16 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 42 17 such such ADJ anesthj-129 42 18 as as ADP anesthj-129 42 19 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 42 20 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 42 21 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 42 22 antagonists antagonist NOUN anesthj-129 42 23 such such ADJ anesthj-129 42 24 as as ADP anesthj-129 42 25 naloxone naloxone NOUN anesthj-129 42 26 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 43 1 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 43 2 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 43 3 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 43 4 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 43 5 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 43 6 naloxone naloxone NOUN anesthj-129 43 7 will will AUX anesthj-129 43 8 complicate complicate VERB anesthj-129 43 9 the the DET anesthj-129 43 10 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 43 11 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 43 12 care care NOUN anesthj-129 43 13 perioperatively perioperatively ADV anesthj-129 43 14 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 43 15 due due ADP anesthj-129 43 16 to to ADP anesthj-129 43 17 their their PRON anesthj-129 43 18 pharmacological pharmacological ADJ anesthj-129 43 19 profile profile NOUN anesthj-129 43 20 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 43 21 interpatient interpatient NOUN anesthj-129 43 22 variabilities.1 variabilities.1 NOUN anesthj-129 43 23 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 43 24 10 10 NUM anesthj-129 43 25 figure figure NOUN anesthj-129 43 26 1 1 NUM anesthj-129 43 27 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 43 28 effect effect NOUN anesthj-129 43 29 of of ADP anesthj-129 43 30 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 43 31 medications medication NOUN anesthj-129 43 32 on on ADP anesthj-129 43 33 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 43 34 receptors15 receptors15 NOUN anesthj-129 43 35 pharmacology pharmacology NOUN anesthj-129 43 36 of of ADP anesthj-129 43 37 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 43 38     SPACE anesthj-129 43 39 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 43 40 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 43 41 a a DET anesthj-129 43 42 synthetic synthetic ADJ anesthj-129 43 43 opioid opioid NOUN anesthj-129 43 44 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 43 45 is be AUX anesthj-129 43 46 a a DET anesthj-129 43 47 racemic racemic ADJ anesthj-129 43 48 mixture mixture NOUN anesthj-129 43 49 of of ADP anesthj-129 43 50 the the DET anesthj-129 43 51 r r NOUN anesthj-129 43 52 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 43 53 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 43 54 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 43 55 s s NOUN anesthj-129 43 56 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 43 57 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 43 58 enantiomer enantiomer NOUN anesthj-129 43 59 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 44 1 r r X anesthj-129 44 2 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 44 3 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 44 4 enantiomer enantiomer NOUN anesthj-129 44 5 is be AUX anesthj-129 44 6 a a DET anesthj-129 44 7 full full ADJ anesthj-129 44 8 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 44 9 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 44 10 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 44 11 while while SCONJ anesthj-129 44 12 the the DET anesthj-129 44 13 s s NOUN anesthj-129 44 14 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 44 15 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 44 16 enantiomer enantiomer NOUN anesthj-129 44 17 is be AUX anesthj-129 44 18 an an DET anesthj-129 44 19 n n CCONJ anesthj-129 44 20 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 44 21 methyl methyl NOUN anesthj-129 44 22 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 44 23 d d NOUN anesthj-129 44 24 - - NOUN anesthj-129 44 25 aspartate aspartate ADJ anesthj-129 44 26 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 44 27 nmda nmda ADJ anesthj-129 44 28 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 44 29 antagonist antagonist NOUN anesthj-129 44 30 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 44 31 prevents prevent VERB anesthj-129 44 32 serotonin serotonin NOUN anesthj-129 44 33 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 44 34 norepinephrine norepinephrine ADJ anesthj-129 44 35 reuptake.1,2,4 reuptake.1,2,4 NOUN anesthj-129 44 36 - - SYM anesthj-129 44 37 7 7 NUM anesthj-129 44 38 recent recent ADJ anesthj-129 44 39 studies study NOUN anesthj-129 44 40 suggest suggest VERB anesthj-129 44 41 that that SCONJ anesthj-129 44 42 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 44 43 has have VERB anesthj-129 44 44 a a DET anesthj-129 44 45 higher high ADJ anesthj-129 44 46 potency potency NOUN anesthj-129 44 47 than than SCONJ anesthj-129 44 48 previously previously ADV anesthj-129 44 49 reported report VERB anesthj-129 44 50 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 44 51 with with ADP anesthj-129 44 52 a a DET anesthj-129 44 53 median median ADJ anesthj-129 44 54 conversion conversion NOUN anesthj-129 44 55 ratio ratio NOUN anesthj-129 44 56 of of ADP anesthj-129 44 57 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 44 58 to to ADP anesthj-129 44 59 morphine morphine NOUN anesthj-129 44 60 of of ADP anesthj-129 44 61 about about ADV anesthj-129 44 62 7.75 7.75 NUM anesthj-129 44 63 to to ADP anesthj-129 44 64 1.7 1.7 NUM anesthj-129 44 65 administration administration NOUN anesthj-129 44 66 of of ADP anesthj-129 44 67 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 44 68 orally orally ADV anesthj-129 44 69 reaches reach VERB anesthj-129 44 70 peak peak NOUN anesthj-129 44 71 plasma plasma NOUN anesthj-129 44 72 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 44 73 concentration concentration NOUN anesthj-129 44 74 between between ADP anesthj-129 44 75 two two NUM anesthj-129 44 76 to to PART anesthj-129 44 77 three three NUM anesthj-129 44 78 hours hour NOUN anesthj-129 44 79 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 44 80 with with ADP anesthj-129 44 81 an an DET anesthj-129 44 82 average average ADJ anesthj-129 44 83 half half ADJ anesthj-129 44 84 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 44 85 life life NOUN anesthj-129 44 86 of of ADP anesthj-129 44 87 23 23 NUM anesthj-129 44 88 hours.6 hours.6 PROPN anesthj-129 44 89 the the DET anesthj-129 44 90 biphasic biphasic ADJ anesthj-129 44 91 pattern pattern NOUN anesthj-129 44 92 of of ADP anesthj-129 44 93 elimination elimination NOUN anesthj-129 44 94 observed observe VERB anesthj-129 44 95 in in ADP anesthj-129 44 96 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 44 97 is be AUX anesthj-129 44 98 the the DET anesthj-129 44 99 reason reason NOUN anesthj-129 44 100 for for ADP anesthj-129 44 101 its its PRON anesthj-129 44 102 effectiveness effectiveness NOUN anesthj-129 44 103 in in ADP anesthj-129 44 104 mat mat NOUN anesthj-129 44 105 for for ADP anesthj-129 44 106 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 44 107 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 44 108 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 44 109 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 44 110 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 45 1 the the DET anesthj-129 45 2 alpha alpha NOUN anesthj-129 45 3 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 45 4 elimination elimination NOUN anesthj-129 45 5 phase phase NOUN anesthj-129 45 6 of of ADP anesthj-129 45 7 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 45 8 correlates correlate VERB anesthj-129 45 9 with with ADP anesthj-129 45 10 its its PRON anesthj-129 45 11 duration duration NOUN anesthj-129 45 12 of of ADP anesthj-129 45 13 analgesia analgesia PROPN anesthj-129 45 14 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 45 15 which which PRON anesthj-129 45 16 is be AUX anesthj-129 45 17 between between ADP anesthj-129 45 18 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 45 19 to to PART anesthj-129 45 20 12 12 NUM anesthj-129 45 21 hours hour NOUN anesthj-129 45 22 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 46 1 the the DET anesthj-129 46 2 beta beta NOUN anesthj-129 46 3 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 46 4 elimination elimination NOUN anesthj-129 46 5 phase phase NOUN anesthj-129 46 6 lasts last VERB anesthj-129 46 7 between between ADP anesthj-129 46 8 30 30 NUM anesthj-129 46 9 to to PART anesthj-129 46 10 60 60 NUM anesthj-129 46 11 hours hour NOUN anesthj-129 46 12 with with ADP anesthj-129 46 13 sub sub ADJ anesthj-129 46 14 - - ADJ anesthj-129 46 15 analgesic analgesic ADJ anesthj-129 46 16 effects effect NOUN anesthj-129 46 17 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 46 18 which which PRON anesthj-129 46 19 is be AUX anesthj-129 46 20 sufficient sufficient ADJ anesthj-129 46 21 in in ADP anesthj-129 46 22 preventing prevent VERB anesthj-129 46 23 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 46 24 symptoms.7 symptoms.7 NOUN anesthj-129 46 25 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 46 26 management management NOUN anesthj-129 46 27 providers provider NOUN anesthj-129 46 28 often often ADV anesthj-129 46 29 prescribe prescribe VERB anesthj-129 46 30 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 46 31 to to PART anesthj-129 46 32 be be AUX anesthj-129 46 33 taken take VERB anesthj-129 46 34 three three NUM anesthj-129 46 35 to to PART anesthj-129 46 36 four four NUM anesthj-129 46 37 times time NOUN anesthj-129 46 38 daily daily ADV anesthj-129 46 39 in in ADP anesthj-129 46 40 correspondence correspondence NOUN anesthj-129 46 41 to to ADP anesthj-129 46 42 its its PRON anesthj-129 46 43 analgesic analgesic ADJ anesthj-129 46 44 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 46 45 elimination elimination NOUN anesthj-129 46 46 properties.4 properties.4 PROPN anesthj-129 46 47 - - NOUN anesthj-129 46 48 8 8 NUM anesthj-129 46 49 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 46 50 is be AUX anesthj-129 46 51 commonly commonly ADV anesthj-129 46 52 prescribed prescribe VERB anesthj-129 46 53 for for ADP anesthj-129 46 54 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 46 55 that that PRON anesthj-129 46 56 abuse abuse VERB anesthj-129 46 57 heroin heroin NOUN anesthj-129 46 58 due due ADP anesthj-129 46 59 to to ADP anesthj-129 46 60 its its PRON anesthj-129 46 61 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 46 62 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 46 63 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 46 64 prolonged prolong VERB anesthj-129 46 65 half half ADJ anesthj-129 46 66 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 46 67 life life NOUN anesthj-129 46 68 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 47 1 therefore therefore ADV anesthj-129 47 2 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 47 3 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 47 4 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 47 5 can can AUX anesthj-129 47 6 attenuate attenuate VERB anesthj-129 47 7 the the DET anesthj-129 47 8 euphoric euphoric ADJ anesthj-129 47 9 effects effect NOUN anesthj-129 47 10 from from ADP anesthj-129 47 11 heroin heroin NOUN anesthj-129 47 12 to to PART anesthj-129 47 13 decrease decrease VERB anesthj-129 47 14 dependence dependence NOUN anesthj-129 47 15 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 47 16 abuse abuse NOUN anesthj-129 47 17 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 48 1 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 48 2 has have AUX anesthj-129 48 3 also also ADV anesthj-129 48 4 been be AUX anesthj-129 48 5 utilized utilize VERB anesthj-129 48 6 in in ADP anesthj-129 48 7 acute acute ADJ anesthj-129 48 8 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 48 9 management management NOUN anesthj-129 48 10 in in ADP anesthj-129 48 11 anticipation anticipation NOUN anesthj-129 48 12 of of ADP anesthj-129 48 13 significant significant ADJ anesthj-129 48 14 postoperative postoperative ADJ anesthj-129 48 15 pain.4,6 pain.4,6 NOUN anesthj-129 48 16 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 48 17 management management NOUN anesthj-129 48 18 of of ADP anesthj-129 48 19 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 48 20 on on ADP anesthj-129 48 21 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 48 22 the the DET anesthj-129 48 23 pharmacological pharmacological ADJ anesthj-129 48 24 profile profile NOUN anesthj-129 48 25 of of ADP anesthj-129 48 26 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 48 27 including include VERB anesthj-129 48 28 its its PRON anesthj-129 48 29 potent potent ADJ anesthj-129 48 30 analgesic analgesic ADJ anesthj-129 48 31 effects effect NOUN anesthj-129 48 32 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 48 33 extensive extensive ADJ anesthj-129 48 34 half half ADJ anesthj-129 48 35 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 48 36 life life NOUN anesthj-129 48 37 are be AUX anesthj-129 48 38 important important ADJ anesthj-129 48 39 factors factor NOUN anesthj-129 48 40 to to PART anesthj-129 48 41 consider consider VERB anesthj-129 48 42 perioperatively.1,2,4 perioperatively.1,2,4 NOUN anesthj-129 48 43 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 48 44 7 7 NUM anesthj-129 48 45 life life NOUN anesthj-129 48 46 threatening threaten VERB anesthj-129 48 47 complications complication NOUN anesthj-129 48 48 such such ADJ anesthj-129 48 49 as as ADP anesthj-129 48 50 accumulated accumulate VERB anesthj-129 48 51 toxicity toxicity NOUN anesthj-129 48 52 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 48 53 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 48 54 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 48 55 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 48 56 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 48 57 overdose overdose NOUN anesthj-129 48 58 can can AUX anesthj-129 48 59 occur occur VERB anesthj-129 48 60 in in ADP anesthj-129 48 61 terms term NOUN anesthj-129 48 62 of of ADP anesthj-129 48 63 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 48 64 abuse abuse NOUN anesthj-129 48 65 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 48 66 inadequate inadequate ADJ anesthj-129 48 67 management.7 management.7 PROPN anesthj-129 48 68 current current ADJ anesthj-129 48 69 literature literature NOUN anesthj-129 48 70 reports report VERB anesthj-129 48 71 a a DET anesthj-129 48 72 single single ADJ anesthj-129 48 73 40 40 NUM anesthj-129 48 74 mg mg NOUN anesthj-129 48 75 dose dose NOUN anesthj-129 48 76 of of ADP anesthj-129 48 77 oral oral ADJ anesthj-129 48 78 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 48 79 could could AUX anesthj-129 48 80 result result VERB anesthj-129 48 81 in in ADP anesthj-129 48 82 death death NOUN anesthj-129 48 83 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 48 84 especially especially ADV anesthj-129 48 85 in in ADP anesthj-129 48 86 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 48 87 naïve naïve ADJ anesthj-129 48 88 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 48 89 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 49 1 therefore therefore ADV anesthj-129 49 2 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 49 3 providers provider NOUN anesthj-129 49 4 will will AUX anesthj-129 49 5 also also ADV anesthj-129 49 6 need need VERB anesthj-129 49 7 to to PART anesthj-129 49 8 be be AUX anesthj-129 49 9 aware aware ADJ anesthj-129 49 10 of of ADP anesthj-129 49 11 an an DET anesthj-129 49 12 increased increase VERB anesthj-129 49 13 risk risk NOUN anesthj-129 49 14 of of ADP anesthj-129 49 15 cardiac cardiac ADJ anesthj-129 49 16 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 49 17 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 49 18 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 49 19 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 49 20 neurological neurological ADJ anesthj-129 49 21 depression depression NOUN anesthj-129 49 22 in in ADP anesthj-129 49 23 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 49 24 that that PRON anesthj-129 49 25 are be AUX anesthj-129 49 26 receiving receive VERB anesthj-129 49 27 opioids.1 opioids.1 ADP anesthj-129 49 28 it it PRON anesthj-129 49 29 is be AUX anesthj-129 49 30 imperative imperative ADJ anesthj-129 49 31 to to PART anesthj-129 49 32 perform perform VERB anesthj-129 49 33 a a DET anesthj-129 49 34 thorough thorough ADJ anesthj-129 49 35 preoperative preoperative ADJ anesthj-129 49 36 assessment assessment NOUN anesthj-129 49 37 to to PART anesthj-129 49 38 gather gather VERB anesthj-129 49 39 information information NOUN anesthj-129 49 40 on on ADP anesthj-129 49 41 the the DET anesthj-129 49 42 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 49 43 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 49 44 history history NOUN anesthj-129 49 45 of of ADP anesthj-129 49 46 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 49 47 therapy therapy NOUN anesthj-129 49 48 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 50 1 details detail NOUN anesthj-129 50 2 of of ADP anesthj-129 50 3 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 50 4 dosing dosing NOUN anesthj-129 50 5 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 50 6 level level NOUN anesthj-129 50 7 of of ADP anesthj-129 50 8 compliance compliance NOUN anesthj-129 50 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 50 10 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 50 11 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 50 12 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 50 13 previous previous ADJ anesthj-129 50 14 experiences experience NOUN anesthj-129 50 15 with with ADP anesthj-129 50 16 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 50 17 are be AUX anesthj-129 50 18 all all ADV anesthj-129 50 19 necessary necessary ADJ anesthj-129 50 20 information information NOUN anesthj-129 50 21 to to PART anesthj-129 50 22 form form VERB anesthj-129 50 23 an an DET anesthj-129 50 24 anesthetic anesthetic NOUN anesthj-129 50 25 plan.1,2,4 plan.1,2,4 NOUN anesthj-129 50 26 - - SYM anesthj-129 50 27 7 7 NUM anesthj-129 50 28 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 50 29 that that PRON anesthj-129 50 30 are be AUX anesthj-129 50 31 diverting divert VERB anesthj-129 50 32 their their PRON anesthj-129 50 33 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 50 34 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 50 35 ingesting ingest VERB anesthj-129 50 36 other other ADJ anesthj-129 50 37 illicit illicit ADJ anesthj-129 50 38 drugs drug NOUN anesthj-129 50 39 may may AUX anesthj-129 50 40 require require VERB anesthj-129 50 41 further further ADJ anesthj-129 50 42 testing testing NOUN anesthj-129 50 43 such such ADJ anesthj-129 50 44 as as ADP anesthj-129 50 45 urine urine NOUN anesthj-129 50 46 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 50 47 screen screen NOUN anesthj-129 50 48 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 50 49 electrocardiogram electrocardiogram NOUN anesthj-129 50 50 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 50 51 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 50 52 liver liver NOUN anesthj-129 50 53 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 50 54 renal renal ADJ anesthj-129 50 55 function function NOUN anesthj-129 50 56 tests.5,7 tests.5,7 NUM anesthj-129 50 57 current current ADJ anesthj-129 50 58 recommendations recommendation NOUN anesthj-129 50 59 advise advise VERB anesthj-129 50 60 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 50 61 on on ADP anesthj-129 50 62 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 50 63 to to PART anesthj-129 50 64 adhere adhere VERB anesthj-129 50 65 to to ADP anesthj-129 50 66 their their PRON anesthj-129 50 67 regimen regiman NOUN anesthj-129 50 68 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 50 69 continue continue VERB anesthj-129 50 70 their their PRON anesthj-129 50 71 normal normal ADJ anesthj-129 50 72 dose dose NOUN anesthj-129 50 73 on on ADP anesthj-129 50 74 the the DET anesthj-129 50 75 day day NOUN anesthj-129 50 76 of of ADP anesthj-129 50 77 their their PRON anesthj-129 50 78 surgical surgical ADJ anesthj-129 50 79 procedure.1,2,4 procedure.1,2,4 NOUN anesthj-129 50 80 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 50 81 7 7 NUM anesthj-129 50 82 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 50 83 compliance compliance NOUN anesthj-129 50 84 prevents prevent VERB anesthj-129 50 85 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 50 86 level level NOUN anesthj-129 50 87 fluctuations fluctuation NOUN anesthj-129 50 88 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 50 89 possible possible ADJ anesthj-129 50 90 withdrawals.5,7 withdrawals.5,7 PROPN anesthj-129 50 91 prescribed prescribe VERB anesthj-129 50 92 daily daily ADJ anesthj-129 50 93 dose dose NOUN anesthj-129 50 94 of of ADP anesthj-129 50 95 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 50 96 is be AUX anesthj-129 50 97 inadequate inadequate ADJ anesthj-129 50 98 in in ADP anesthj-129 50 99 managing manage VERB anesthj-129 50 100 acute acute ADJ anesthj-129 50 101 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 50 102 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 50 103 therefore therefore ADV anesthj-129 50 104 providers provider NOUN anesthj-129 50 105 should should AUX anesthj-129 50 106 consider consider VERB anesthj-129 50 107 multimodal multimodal ADJ anesthj-129 50 108 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 50 109 management management NOUN anesthj-129 50 110 strategies.1,2,4 strategies.1,2,4 NOUN anesthj-129 50 111 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 50 112 7 7 NUM anesthj-129 50 113 opioid opioid NOUN anesthj-129 50 114 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 50 115 free free ADJ anesthj-129 50 116 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 50 117 is be AUX anesthj-129 50 118 preferred prefer VERB anesthj-129 50 119 especially especially ADV anesthj-129 50 120 in in ADP anesthj-129 50 121 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 50 122 with with ADP anesthj-129 50 123 a a DET anesthj-129 50 124 history history NOUN anesthj-129 50 125 of of ADP anesthj-129 50 126 opioid opioid NOUN anesthj-129 51 1 addiction.1 addiction.1 PROPN anesthj-129 51 2 consider consider VERB anesthj-129 51 3 incorporating incorporate VERB anesthj-129 51 4 agents agent NOUN anesthj-129 51 5 such such ADJ anesthj-129 51 6 as as ADP anesthj-129 51 7 volatile volatile ADJ anesthj-129 51 8 anesthetics anesthetic NOUN anesthj-129 51 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 51 10 ketamine ketamine PROPN anesthj-129 51 11 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 51 12 benzodiazepines benzodiazepine NOUN anesthj-129 51 13 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 51 14 acetaminophen acetaminophen NOUN anesthj-129 51 15 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 51 16 non non ADJ anesthj-129 51 17 - - ADJ anesthj-129 51 18 steroidal steroidal ADJ anesthj-129 51 19 anti anti ADJ anesthj-129 51 20 - - ADJ anesthj-129 51 21 inflammatory inflammatory ADJ anesthj-129 51 22 drugs drug NOUN anesthj-129 51 23 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 51 24 nsaids nsaid NOUN anesthj-129 51 25 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 51 26 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 51 27 gabapentinoids gabapentinoid NOUN anesthj-129 51 28 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 51 29 alpha-2 alpha-2 NUM anesthj-129 51 30 adrenergic adrenergic ADJ anesthj-129 51 31 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 51 32 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 51 33 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 51 34 local local ADJ anesthj-129 51 35 anesthetics anesthetic NOUN anesthj-129 51 36 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 51 37 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 51 38 regional regional ADJ anesthj-129 51 39 / / SYM anesthj-129 51 40 neuraxial neuraxial ADJ anesthj-129 51 41 anesthesia.1,2,6,7 anesthesia.1,2,6,7 NOUN anesthj-129 51 42 there there PRON anesthj-129 51 43 is be VERB anesthj-129 51 44 a a DET anesthj-129 51 45 lack lack NOUN anesthj-129 51 46 of of ADP anesthj-129 51 47 research research NOUN anesthj-129 51 48 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 51 49 data datum NOUN anesthj-129 51 50 on on ADP anesthj-129 51 51 the the DET anesthj-129 51 52 preferred preferred ADJ anesthj-129 51 53 opioid opioid NOUN anesthj-129 51 54 of of ADP anesthj-129 51 55 choice choice NOUN anesthj-129 51 56 in in ADP anesthj-129 51 57 treating treat VERB anesthj-129 51 58 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 51 59 with with ADP anesthj-129 51 60 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 51 61 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 51 62 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 51 63 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 51 64 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 52 1 the the DET anesthj-129 52 2 goals goal NOUN anesthj-129 52 3 of of ADP anesthj-129 52 4 administering administer VERB anesthj-129 52 5 subanesthetic subanesthetic ADJ anesthj-129 52 6 doses dose NOUN anesthj-129 52 7 of of ADP anesthj-129 52 8 ketamine ketamine PROPN anesthj-129 52 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 52 10 wound wound ADJ anesthj-129 52 11 infiltration infiltration NOUN anesthj-129 52 12 with with ADP anesthj-129 52 13 local local ADJ anesthj-129 52 14 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 52 15 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 52 16 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 52 17 other other ADJ anesthj-129 52 18 nonopioid nonopioid NOUN anesthj-129 52 19 interventions intervention NOUN anesthj-129 52 20 are be AUX anesthj-129 52 21 to to PART anesthj-129 52 22 decrease decrease VERB anesthj-129 52 23 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 52 24 requirements requirement NOUN anesthj-129 52 25 while while SCONJ anesthj-129 52 26 improving improve VERB anesthj-129 52 27 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 52 28 scores.11 scores.11 NOUN anesthj-129 52 29 postoperatively postoperatively ADV anesthj-129 52 30 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 52 31 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 52 32 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 52 33 maintenance maintenance NOUN anesthj-129 52 34 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 52 35 dose dose NOUN anesthj-129 52 36 should should AUX anesthj-129 52 37 be be AUX anesthj-129 52 38 continued continue VERB anesthj-129 52 39 as as ADV anesthj-129 52 40 soon soon ADV anesthj-129 52 41 as as ADP anesthj-129 52 42 possible.1,2,4 possible.1,2,4 NOUN anesthj-129 52 43 - - SYM anesthj-129 52 44 7 7 NUM anesthj-129 52 45 if if SCONJ anesthj-129 52 46 opioids opioid NOUN anesthj-129 52 47 are be AUX anesthj-129 52 48 required require VERB anesthj-129 52 49 for for ADP anesthj-129 52 50 breakthrough breakthrough NOUN anesthj-129 52 51 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 52 52 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 52 53 some some DET anesthj-129 52 54 articles article NOUN anesthj-129 52 55 recommend recommend VERB anesthj-129 52 56 short short ADV anesthj-129 52 57 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 52 58 acting act VERB anesthj-129 52 59 opioids.1,2 opioids.1,2 ADJ anesthj-129 52 60 studies study NOUN anesthj-129 52 61 have have AUX anesthj-129 52 62 reported report VERB anesthj-129 52 63 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 52 64 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 52 65 dependent dependent ADJ anesthj-129 52 66 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 52 67 require require VERB anesthj-129 52 68 four four NUM anesthj-129 52 69 times time NOUN anesthj-129 52 70 more more ADJ anesthj-129 52 71 narcotics narcotic NOUN anesthj-129 52 72 than than ADP anesthj-129 52 73 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 52 74 naïve naïve ADJ anesthj-129 52 75 patients.11 patients.11 NOUN anesthj-129 52 76 in in ADP anesthj-129 52 77 anticipation anticipation NOUN anesthj-129 52 78 of of ADP anesthj-129 52 79 moderate moderate ADJ anesthj-129 52 80 to to ADP anesthj-129 52 81 severe severe ADJ anesthj-129 52 82 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 52 83 postoperatively postoperatively ADJ anesthj-129 52 84 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 52 85 patient patient ADJ anesthj-129 52 86 controlled control VERB anesthj-129 52 87 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 52 88 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 52 89 pca pca PROPN anesthj-129 52 90 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 52 91 may may AUX anesthj-129 52 92 be be AUX anesthj-129 52 93 appropriate.1,6 appropriate.1,6 PROPN anesthj-129 52 94 lastly lastly ADV anesthj-129 52 95 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 52 96 it it PRON anesthj-129 52 97 is be AUX anesthj-129 52 98 important important ADJ anesthj-129 52 99 to to PART anesthj-129 52 100 note note VERB anesthj-129 52 101 that that DET anesthj-129 52 102 partial partial ADJ anesthj-129 52 103 opioid opioid NOUN anesthj-129 52 104 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 52 105 such such ADJ anesthj-129 52 106 as as ADP anesthj-129 52 107 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 52 108 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 52 109 butorphanol butorphanol NOUN anesthj-129 52 110 will will AUX anesthj-129 52 111 precipitate precipitate VERB anesthj-129 52 112 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 52 113 symptoms symptom NOUN anesthj-129 52 114 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 52 115 should should AUX anesthj-129 52 116 be be AUX anesthj-129 52 117 avoided.2 avoided.2 NOUN anesthj-129 52 118 the the DET anesthj-129 52 119 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 52 120 presented present VERB anesthj-129 52 121 in in ADP anesthj-129 52 122 the the DET anesthj-129 52 123 case case NOUN anesthj-129 52 124 study study NOUN anesthj-129 52 125 had have VERB anesthj-129 52 126 a a DET anesthj-129 52 127 history history NOUN anesthj-129 52 128 of of ADP anesthj-129 52 129 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 52 130 consumption consumption NOUN anesthj-129 52 131 due due ADP anesthj-129 52 132 to to ADP anesthj-129 52 133 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 52 134 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 52 135 that that PRON anesthj-129 52 136 resulted result VERB anesthj-129 52 137 from from ADP anesthj-129 52 138 gunshot gunshot NOUN anesthj-129 52 139 inflicted inflict VERB anesthj-129 52 140 tissue tissue NOUN anesthj-129 52 141 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 52 142 nerve nerve NOUN anesthj-129 52 143 damage damage NOUN anesthj-129 52 144 on on ADP anesthj-129 52 145 her her PRON anesthj-129 52 146 left left ADJ anesthj-129 52 147 arm arm NOUN anesthj-129 52 148 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 53 1 although although SCONJ anesthj-129 53 2 the the DET anesthj-129 53 3 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 53 4 reported report VERB anesthj-129 53 5 discontinuing discontinue VERB anesthj-129 53 6 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 53 7 therapy therapy NOUN anesthj-129 53 8 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 53 9 multimodal multimodal ADJ anesthj-129 53 10 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 53 11 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 53 12 administration administration NOUN anesthj-129 53 13 of of ADP anesthj-129 53 14 short short ADJ anesthj-129 53 15 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 53 16 acting act VERB anesthj-129 53 17 opioids opioid NOUN anesthj-129 53 18 were be AUX anesthj-129 53 19 still still ADV anesthj-129 53 20 implemented implement VERB anesthj-129 53 21 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 54 1 local local ADJ anesthj-129 54 2 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 54 3 was be AUX anesthj-129 54 4 also also ADV anesthj-129 54 5 applied apply VERB anesthj-129 54 6 by by ADP anesthj-129 54 7 the the DET anesthj-129 54 8 surgical surgical ADJ anesthj-129 54 9 team team NOUN anesthj-129 54 10 intraoperatively intraoperatively ADV anesthj-129 54 11 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 55 1 the the DET anesthj-129 55 2 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 55 3 had have VERB anesthj-129 55 4 minimal minimal ADJ anesthj-129 55 5 to to ADP anesthj-129 55 6 no no DET anesthj-129 55 7 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 55 8 in in ADP anesthj-129 55 9 pacu pacu NOUN anesthj-129 55 10 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 55 11 was be AUX anesthj-129 55 12 discharged discharge VERB anesthj-129 55 13 within within ADP anesthj-129 55 14 the the DET anesthj-129 55 15 same same ADJ anesthj-129 55 16 day day NOUN anesthj-129 55 17 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 55 18     SPACE anesthj-129 56 1 pharmacology pharmacology NOUN anesthj-129 56 2 of of ADP anesthj-129 56 3 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 56 4     SPACE anesthj-129 56 5 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 56 6 is be AUX anesthj-129 56 7 another another DET anesthj-129 56 8 common common ADJ anesthj-129 56 9 medication medication NOUN anesthj-129 56 10 approved approve VERB anesthj-129 56 11 by by ADP anesthj-129 56 12 the the DET anesthj-129 56 13 u.s u.s PROPN anesthj-129 56 14 . . PROPN anesthj-129 56 15 food food PROPN anesthj-129 56 16 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 56 17 drug drug PROPN anesthj-129 56 18 administration administration PROPN anesthj-129 56 19 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 56 20 fda fda PROPN anesthj-129 56 21 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 56 22 for for ADP anesthj-129 56 23 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 56 24 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 56 25 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 56 26 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 56 27 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 57 1 buprenorphine buprenorphine PROPN anesthj-129 57 2 has have VERB anesthj-129 57 3 unique unique ADJ anesthj-129 57 4 pharmacological pharmacological NOUN anesthj-129 57 5 features feature NOUN anesthj-129 57 6 as as ADP anesthj-129 57 7 a a DET anesthj-129 57 8 partial partial ADJ anesthj-129 57 9 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 57 10 at at ADP anesthj-129 57 11 the the DET anesthj-129 57 12 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 57 13 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 57 14 an an DET anesthj-129 57 15 antagonist antagonist NOUN anesthj-129 57 16 of of ADP anesthj-129 57 17 the the DET anesthj-129 57 18 kappa kappa ADJ anesthj-129 57 19 opioid opioid PROPN anesthj-129 57 20 receptors.3 receptors.3 PROPN anesthj-129 57 21 - - SYM anesthj-129 57 22 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 57 23 as as ADP anesthj-129 57 24 a a DET anesthj-129 57 25 partial partial ADJ anesthj-129 57 26 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 57 27 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 57 28 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 57 29 has have VERB anesthj-129 57 30 a a DET anesthj-129 57 31 ceiling ceiling NOUN anesthj-129 57 32 effect effect NOUN anesthj-129 57 33 that that PRON anesthj-129 57 34 minimizes minimize VERB anesthj-129 57 35 additional additional ADJ anesthj-129 57 36 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 57 37 effects effect NOUN anesthj-129 57 38 despite despite SCONJ anesthj-129 57 39 repeated repeat VERB anesthj-129 57 40 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 57 41 increased increase VERB anesthj-129 57 42 dosing.2 dosing.2 NOUN anesthj-129 57 43 - - ADJ anesthj-129 57 44 4,8 4,8 NUM anesthj-129 57 45 - - SYM anesthj-129 57 46 10 10 NUM anesthj-129 57 47 due due ADP anesthj-129 57 48 to to ADP anesthj-129 57 49 the the DET anesthj-129 57 50 ceiling ceiling NOUN anesthj-129 57 51 effect effect NOUN anesthj-129 57 52 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 57 53 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 57 54 causes cause VERB anesthj-129 57 55 less less ADJ anesthj-129 57 56 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 57 57 depression depression NOUN anesthj-129 57 58 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 57 59 has have VERB anesthj-129 57 60 a a DET anesthj-129 57 61 lower low ADJ anesthj-129 57 62 abuse abuse NOUN anesthj-129 57 63 potential potential NOUN anesthj-129 57 64 compared compare VERB anesthj-129 57 65 to to ADP anesthj-129 57 66 methadone.2 methadone.2 PROPN anesthj-129 57 67 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 57 68 4,6 4,6 NUM anesthj-129 57 69 - - SYM anesthj-129 57 70 9 9 NUM anesthj-129 57 71 despite despite SCONJ anesthj-129 57 72 being be AUX anesthj-129 57 73 a a DET anesthj-129 57 74 partial partial ADJ anesthj-129 57 75 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 57 76 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 57 77 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 57 78 has have VERB anesthj-129 57 79 a a DET anesthj-129 57 80 high high ADJ anesthj-129 57 81 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 57 82 for for ADP anesthj-129 57 83 the the DET anesthj-129 57 84 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 57 85 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 57 86 therefore therefore ADV anesthj-129 57 87 it it PRON anesthj-129 57 88 will will AUX anesthj-129 57 89 compete compete VERB anesthj-129 57 90 with with ADP anesthj-129 57 91 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 57 92 displace displace VERB anesthj-129 57 93 other other ADJ anesthj-129 57 94 full full ADJ anesthj-129 57 95 opioid opioid NOUN anesthj-129 57 96 agonists.2,3,8 agonists.2,3,8 ADV anesthj-129 57 97 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 57 98 10 10 NUM anesthj-129 57 99 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 57 100 is be AUX anesthj-129 57 101 an an DET anesthj-129 57 102 effective effective ADJ anesthj-129 57 103 treatment treatment NOUN anesthj-129 57 104 for for ADP anesthj-129 57 105 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 57 106 as as SCONJ anesthj-129 57 107 it it PRON anesthj-129 57 108 relieves relieve VERB anesthj-129 57 109 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 57 110 symptoms symptom NOUN anesthj-129 57 111 through through ADP anesthj-129 57 112 its its PRON anesthj-129 57 113 partial partial ADJ anesthj-129 57 114 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 57 115 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 57 116 effects effect NOUN anesthj-129 57 117 if if SCONJ anesthj-129 57 118 the the DET anesthj-129 57 119 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 57 120 were be AUX anesthj-129 57 121 not not PART anesthj-129 57 122 occupied occupy VERB anesthj-129 57 123 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 58 1 if if SCONJ anesthj-129 58 2 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 58 3 is be AUX anesthj-129 58 4 administered administer VERB anesthj-129 58 5 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 58 6 ingested ingest VERB anesthj-129 58 7 during during ADP anesthj-129 58 8 an an DET anesthj-129 58 9 euphoric euphoric ADJ anesthj-129 58 10 state state NOUN anesthj-129 58 11 under under ADP anesthj-129 58 12 the the DET anesthj-129 58 13 influence influence NOUN anesthj-129 58 14 of of ADP anesthj-129 58 15 full full ADJ anesthj-129 58 16 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 58 17 such such ADJ anesthj-129 58 18 as as ADP anesthj-129 58 19 heroin heroin NOUN anesthj-129 58 20 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 58 21 other other ADJ anesthj-129 58 22 opioids opioid NOUN anesthj-129 58 23 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 58 24 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 58 25 will will AUX anesthj-129 58 26 displace displace VERB anesthj-129 58 27 the the DET anesthj-129 58 28 full full ADJ anesthj-129 58 29 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 58 30 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 58 31 trigger trigger NOUN anesthj-129 58 32 precipitated precipitate VERB anesthj-129 58 33 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 58 34 due due ADP anesthj-129 58 35 to to ADP anesthj-129 58 36 a a DET anesthj-129 58 37 decrease decrease NOUN anesthj-129 58 38 in in ADP anesthj-129 58 39 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 58 40 effect.2,8,9 effect.2,8,9 X anesthj-129 58 41 buprenorphine buprenorphine PROPN anesthj-129 58 42 is be AUX anesthj-129 58 43 available available ADJ anesthj-129 58 44 through through ADP anesthj-129 58 45 various various ADJ anesthj-129 58 46 routes route NOUN anesthj-129 58 47 including include VERB anesthj-129 58 48 sublingual sublingual ADJ anesthj-129 58 49 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 58 50 buccal buccal ADJ anesthj-129 58 51 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 58 52 transdermal transdermal ADJ anesthj-129 58 53 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 58 54 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 58 55 injectable injectable ADJ anesthj-129 58 56 formulations.2,4,9 formulations.2,4,9 ADP anesthj-129 58 57 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 58 58 can can AUX anesthj-129 58 59 be be AUX anesthj-129 58 60 administered administer VERB anesthj-129 58 61 alone alone ADJ anesthj-129 58 62 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 58 63 in in ADP anesthj-129 58 64 combination combination NOUN anesthj-129 58 65 with with ADP anesthj-129 58 66 an an DET anesthj-129 58 67 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 58 68 antagonist antagonist NOUN anesthj-129 58 69 such such ADJ anesthj-129 58 70 as as ADP anesthj-129 58 71 naloxone naloxone NOUN anesthj-129 58 72 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 59 1 the the DET anesthj-129 59 2 combination combination NOUN anesthj-129 59 3 of of ADP anesthj-129 59 4 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 59 5 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 59 6 naloxone naloxone NOUN anesthj-129 59 7 decreases decrease VERB anesthj-129 59 8 the the DET anesthj-129 59 9 abuse abuse NOUN anesthj-129 59 10 potential potential ADJ anesthj-129 59 11 due due ADP anesthj-129 59 12 to to ADP anesthj-129 59 13 their their PRON anesthj-129 59 14 bioavailability bioavailability NOUN anesthj-129 59 15 when when SCONJ anesthj-129 59 16 administered administer VERB anesthj-129 59 17 sublingually sublingually ADV anesthj-129 59 18 compared compare VERB anesthj-129 59 19 to to ADP anesthj-129 59 20 parentally parentally ADV anesthj-129 59 21 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 60 1 sublingually sublingually ADV anesthj-129 60 2 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 60 3 buprenorphine buprenorphine PROPN anesthj-129 60 4 has have VERB anesthj-129 60 5 a a DET anesthj-129 60 6 high high ADJ anesthj-129 60 7 bioavailability bioavailability NOUN anesthj-129 60 8 as as SCONJ anesthj-129 60 9 it it PRON anesthj-129 60 10 avoids avoid VERB anesthj-129 60 11 first first ADJ anesthj-129 60 12 pass pass NOUN anesthj-129 60 13 metabolism metabolism NOUN anesthj-129 60 14 while while SCONJ anesthj-129 60 15 naloxone naloxone NOUN anesthj-129 60 16 is be AUX anesthj-129 60 17 poorly poorly ADV anesthj-129 60 18 absorbed absorb VERB anesthj-129 60 19 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 61 1 if if SCONJ anesthj-129 61 2 the the DET anesthj-129 61 3 combination combination NOUN anesthj-129 61 4 of of ADP anesthj-129 61 5 the the DET anesthj-129 61 6 two two NUM anesthj-129 61 7 drugs drug NOUN anesthj-129 61 8 are be AUX anesthj-129 61 9 injected inject VERB anesthj-129 61 10 parenterally parenterally ADV anesthj-129 61 11 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 61 12 both both DET anesthj-129 61 13 agents agent NOUN anesthj-129 61 14 are be AUX anesthj-129 61 15 highly highly ADV anesthj-129 61 16 bioavailable bioavailable ADJ anesthj-129 61 17 which which PRON anesthj-129 61 18 allows allow VERB anesthj-129 61 19 naloxone naloxone NOUN anesthj-129 61 20 to to PART anesthj-129 61 21 become become VERB anesthj-129 61 22 active active ADJ anesthj-129 61 23 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 61 24 counteract counteract VERB anesthj-129 61 25 the the DET anesthj-129 61 26 euphoric euphoric ADJ anesthj-129 61 27 effects.2 effects.2 NOUN anesthj-129 61 28 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 61 29 4,6,8,9 4,6,8,9 NUM anesthj-129 61 30 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 61 31 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 61 32 mu mu NOUN anesthj-129 61 33 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 61 34 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 61 35 affinities affinity NOUN anesthj-129 61 36     SPACE anesthj-129 61 37 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 61 38 has have AUX anesthj-129 61 39 features feature NOUN anesthj-129 61 40 such such ADJ anesthj-129 61 41 as as ADP anesthj-129 61 42 high high ADJ anesthj-129 61 43 μor μor NUM anesthj-129 61 44 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 61 45 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 61 46 slow slow ADJ anesthj-129 61 47 dissociation dissociation NOUN anesthj-129 61 48 from from ADP anesthj-129 61 49 the the DET anesthj-129 61 50 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 61 51 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 61 52 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 61 53 prolonged prolong VERB anesthj-129 61 54 duration duration NOUN anesthj-129 61 55 with with ADP anesthj-129 61 56 a a DET anesthj-129 61 57 half half ADJ anesthj-129 61 58 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 61 59 life life NOUN anesthj-129 61 60 of of ADP anesthj-129 61 61 25 25 NUM anesthj-129 61 62 - - SYM anesthj-129 61 63 60 60 NUM anesthj-129 61 64 hours.2,4,10 hours.2,4,10 NOUN anesthj-129 61 65 the the DET anesthj-129 61 66 majority majority NOUN anesthj-129 61 67 of of ADP anesthj-129 61 68 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 61 69 analgesic analgesic ADJ anesthj-129 61 70 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 61 71 anesthetic anesthetic ADJ anesthj-129 61 72 agents agent NOUN anesthj-129 61 73 bind bind VERB anesthj-129 61 74 to to ADP anesthj-129 61 75 the the DET anesthj-129 61 76 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 61 77 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 61 78 which which PRON anesthj-129 61 79 causes cause VERB anesthj-129 61 80 supraspinal supraspinal ADJ anesthj-129 61 81 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 61 82 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 62 1 additionally additionally ADV anesthj-129 62 2 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 62 3 μor μor NUM anesthj-129 62 4 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 62 5 are be AUX anesthj-129 62 6 responsible responsible ADJ anesthj-129 62 7 for for ADP anesthj-129 62 8 euphoric euphoric ADJ anesthj-129 62 9 effects effect NOUN anesthj-129 62 10 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 62 11 sedation sedation NOUN anesthj-129 62 12 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 62 13 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 62 14 depression depression NOUN anesthj-129 62 15 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 62 16 decreased decrease VERB anesthj-129 62 17 intestinal intestinal ADJ anesthj-129 62 18 motility motility NOUN anesthj-129 62 19 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 62 20 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 62 21 physical physical ADJ anesthj-129 62 22 dependence.12 dependence.12 NOUN anesthj-129 62 23 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 62 24 binding bind VERB anesthj-129 62 25 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 62 26 is be AUX anesthj-129 62 27 measured measure VERB anesthj-129 62 28 by by ADP anesthj-129 62 29 the the DET anesthj-129 62 30 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN anesthj-129 62 31 dissociation dissociation NOUN anesthj-129 62 32 constant constant ADJ anesthj-129 62 33 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 62 34 ki).10,12,13 ki).10,12,13 VERB anesthj-129 62 35 opioids opioid NOUN anesthj-129 62 36 with with ADP anesthj-129 62 37 low low ADJ anesthj-129 62 38 ki ki PROPN anesthj-129 62 39 values value NOUN anesthj-129 62 40 have have AUX anesthj-129 62 41 stronger strong ADJ anesthj-129 62 42 binding bind VERB anesthj-129 62 43 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 62 44 at at ADP anesthj-129 62 45 the the DET anesthj-129 62 46 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 62 47 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 63 1 the the DET anesthj-129 63 2 ki ki PROPN anesthj-129 63 3 value value NOUN anesthj-129 63 4 of of ADP anesthj-129 63 5 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 63 6 is be AUX anesthj-129 63 7 0.216 0.216 NUM anesthj-129 63 8 nm nm NOUN anesthj-129 63 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 63 10 exceeded exceed VERB anesthj-129 63 11 only only ADV anesthj-129 63 12 by by ADP anesthj-129 63 13 sufentanil sufentanil NOUN anesthj-129 63 14 with with ADP anesthj-129 63 15 a a DET anesthj-129 63 16 ki ki PROPN anesthj-129 63 17 value value NOUN anesthj-129 63 18 of of ADP anesthj-129 63 19 0.138 0.138 NUM anesthj-129 63 20 nm nm NOUN anesthj-129 63 21 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 63 22 table).10,12,13 table).10,12,13 PRON anesthj-129 63 23 a a DET anesthj-129 63 24 case case NOUN anesthj-129 63 25 series series NOUN anesthj-129 63 26 recommended recommend VERB anesthj-129 63 27 utilization utilization NOUN anesthj-129 63 28 of of ADP anesthj-129 63 29 opioids opioid NOUN anesthj-129 63 30 such such ADJ anesthj-129 63 31 as as ADP anesthj-129 63 32 hydromorphone hydromorphone PROPN anesthj-129 63 33 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 63 34 sufentanil sufentanil VERB anesthj-129 63 35 with with ADP anesthj-129 63 36 ki ki PROPN anesthj-129 63 37 values value NOUN anesthj-129 63 38 closer close ADV anesthj-129 63 39 to to PART anesthj-129 63 40 buprenorphine buprenorphine VERB anesthj-129 63 41 to to PART anesthj-129 63 42 achieve achieve VERB anesthj-129 63 43 better well ADV anesthj-129 63 44 analgesia.10 analgesia.10 ADP anesthj-129 63 45 educated educate VERB anesthj-129 63 46 hand hand NOUN anesthj-129 63 47 publishing publish VERB anesthj-129 63 48 llc llc NOUN anesthj-129 63 49 “ " PUNCT anesthj-129 63 50 the the DET anesthj-129 63 51 science science NOUN anesthj-129 63 52 behind behind ADP anesthj-129 63 53 the the DET anesthj-129 63 54 art art NOUN anesthj-129 63 55 ” " PUNCT anesthj-129 63 56 volume volume NOUN anesthj-129 63 57 8 8 NUM anesthj-129 63 58 no no NOUN anesthj-129 63 59 . . NOUN anesthj-129 63 60 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 63 61 2020 2020 NUM anesthj-129 63 62 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 63 63 ejournal ejournal PROPN anesthj-129 63 64 online online PROPN anesthj-129 63 65 issn issn PROPN anesthj-129 63 66 2333 2333 NUM anesthj-129 63 67 - - SYM anesthj-129 63 68 2611 2611 NUM anesthj-129 63 69 page page NOUN anesthj-129 63 70 18 18 NUM anesthj-129 63 71 figure figure NOUN anesthj-129 63 72 2 2 NUM anesthj-129 63 73 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 64 1 summary summary NOUN anesthj-129 64 2 of of ADP anesthj-129 64 3 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 64 4 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 64 5 signaling14 signaling14 NOUN anesthj-129 64 6 educated educate VERB anesthj-129 64 7 hand hand NOUN anesthj-129 64 8 publishing publishing NOUN anesthj-129 64 9 llc llc NOUN anesthj-129 64 10 “ " PUNCT anesthj-129 64 11 the the DET anesthj-129 64 12 science science NOUN anesthj-129 64 13 behind behind ADP anesthj-129 64 14 the the DET anesthj-129 64 15 art art NOUN anesthj-129 64 16 ” " PUNCT anesthj-129 64 17 volume volume NOUN anesthj-129 64 18 8 8 NUM anesthj-129 64 19 no no NOUN anesthj-129 64 20 . . NOUN anesthj-129 64 21 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 64 22 2020 2020 NUM anesthj-129 64 23 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 64 24 ejournal ejournal PROPN anesthj-129 64 25 online online PROPN anesthj-129 64 26 issn issn PROPN anesthj-129 64 27 2333 2333 NUM anesthj-129 64 28 - - SYM anesthj-129 64 29 2611 2611 NUM anesthj-129 64 30 page page NOUN anesthj-129 64 31 19 19 NUM anesthj-129 64 32 table table NOUN anesthj-129 64 33 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 65 1 mu mu NOUN anesthj-129 65 2 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 65 3 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 65 4 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 65 5 measured measure VERB anesthj-129 65 6 by by ADP anesthj-129 65 7 the the DET anesthj-129 65 8 equilibrium equilibrium NOUN anesthj-129 65 9 dissociation dissociation NOUN anesthj-129 65 10 constant constant ADJ anesthj-129 65 11 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 65 12 ki)12 ki)12 NOUN anesthj-129 65 13 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 65 14 13 13 NUM anesthj-129 65 15 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 65 16 ki ki PROPN anesthj-129 65 17 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 65 18 nm nm NOUN anesthj-129 65 19 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 65 20 hydrocodone hydrocodone NOUN anesthj-129 65 21 41.58 41.58 NUM anesthj-129 65 22 oxycodone oxycodone NOUN anesthj-129 65 23 25.87 25.87 NUM anesthj-129 65 24 alfentanil alfentanil ADJ anesthj-129 65 25 7.391 7.391 NUM anesthj-129 65 26 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 65 27 3.378 3.378 NUM anesthj-129 65 28 nalbuphine nalbuphine NOUN anesthj-129 65 29 2.118 2.118 NUM anesthj-129 65 30 morphine morphine NOUN anesthj-129 65 31 1.168 1.168 NUM anesthj-129 65 32 fentanyl fentanyl NOUN anesthj-129 65 33 1.346 1.346 NUM anesthj-129 65 34 butorphanol butorphanol NOUN anesthj-129 65 35 0.7622 0.7622 NUM anesthj-129 65 36 oxymorphone oxymorphone NOUN anesthj-129 65 37 0.4055 0.4055 NUM anesthj-129 65 38 hydromorphone hydromorphone PROPN anesthj-129 65 39 0.3654 0.3654 NUM anesthj-129 65 40 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 65 41 0.2157 0.2157 NUM anesthj-129 65 42 sufentanil sufentanil NOUN anesthj-129 65 43 0.1380 0.1380 NUM anesthj-129 65 44 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 65 45 management management NOUN anesthj-129 65 46 of of ADP anesthj-129 65 47 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 65 48 on on ADP anesthj-129 65 49 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 65 50 as as ADP anesthj-129 65 51 a a DET anesthj-129 65 52 partial partial ADJ anesthj-129 65 53 agonist agonist NOUN anesthj-129 65 54 with with ADP anesthj-129 65 55 strong strong ADJ anesthj-129 65 56 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 65 57 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 65 58 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 65 59 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 65 60 attenuates attenuate VERB anesthj-129 65 61 the the DET anesthj-129 65 62 effect effect NOUN anesthj-129 65 63 of of ADP anesthj-129 65 64 other other ADJ anesthj-129 65 65 μor μor NUM anesthj-129 65 66 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 65 67 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 66 1 the the DET anesthj-129 66 2 ceiling ceiling NOUN anesthj-129 66 3 effect effect NOUN anesthj-129 66 4 of of ADP anesthj-129 66 5 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 66 6 decreases decrease VERB anesthj-129 66 7 risks risk NOUN anesthj-129 66 8 of of ADP anesthj-129 66 9 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 66 10 depression depression NOUN anesthj-129 66 11 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 66 12 overdose overdose NOUN anesthj-129 66 13 but but CCONJ anesthj-129 66 14 presents present VERB anesthj-129 66 15 a a DET anesthj-129 66 16 challenge challenge NOUN anesthj-129 66 17 in in ADP anesthj-129 66 18 surgical surgical ADJ anesthj-129 66 19 analgesia.9 analgesia.9 PROPN anesthj-129 66 20 therefore therefore ADV anesthj-129 66 21 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 66 22 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 66 23 taking take VERB anesthj-129 66 24 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 66 25 are be AUX anesthj-129 66 26 at at ADP anesthj-129 66 27 high high ADJ anesthj-129 66 28 risk risk NOUN anesthj-129 66 29 for for ADP anesthj-129 66 30 ineffective ineffective ADJ anesthj-129 66 31 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 66 32 management management NOUN anesthj-129 66 33 leading lead VERB anesthj-129 66 34 to to ADP anesthj-129 66 35 severe severe ADJ anesthj-129 66 36 postoperative postoperative ADJ anesthj-129 66 37 pain.2,9 pain.2,9 PROPN anesthj-129 66 38 inadequate inadequate ADJ anesthj-129 66 39 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 66 40 relief relief NOUN anesthj-129 66 41 may may AUX anesthj-129 66 42 cause cause VERB anesthj-129 66 43 longer long ADJ anesthj-129 66 44 postoperative postoperative ADJ anesthj-129 66 45 recovery recovery NOUN anesthj-129 66 46 times time NOUN anesthj-129 66 47 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 66 48 increased increase VERB anesthj-129 66 49 anxiety anxiety NOUN anesthj-129 66 50 levels level NOUN anesthj-129 66 51 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 66 52 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 66 53 provoke provoke VERB anesthj-129 66 54 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 66 55 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 66 56 seeking seek VERB anesthj-129 66 57 behaviors.9 behaviors.9 NOUN anesthj-129 66 58 there there PRON anesthj-129 66 59 is be VERB anesthj-129 66 60 a a DET anesthj-129 66 61 lack lack NOUN anesthj-129 66 62 of of ADP anesthj-129 66 63 high high ADJ anesthj-129 66 64 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 66 65 quality quality NOUN anesthj-129 66 66 research research NOUN anesthj-129 66 67 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 66 68 evidence evidence NOUN anesthj-129 66 69 regarding regard VERB anesthj-129 66 70 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 66 71 management management NOUN anesthj-129 66 72 of of ADP anesthj-129 66 73 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 66 74 on on ADP anesthj-129 66 75 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 66 76 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 67 1 most most ADJ anesthj-129 67 2 guidelines guideline NOUN anesthj-129 67 3 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 67 4 protocols protocol NOUN anesthj-129 67 5 are be AUX anesthj-129 67 6 derived derive VERB anesthj-129 67 7 from from ADP anesthj-129 67 8 expert expert ADJ anesthj-129 67 9 opinion opinion NOUN anesthj-129 67 10 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 67 11 case case NOUN anesthj-129 67 12 studies study NOUN anesthj-129 67 13 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 67 14 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 67 15 clinical clinical ADJ anesthj-129 67 16 practice practice NOUN anesthj-129 67 17 advisories.3,4,11 advisories.3,4,11 NOUN anesthj-129 67 18 preoperatively preoperatively ADV anesthj-129 67 19 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 67 20 current current ADJ anesthj-129 67 21 literature literature NOUN anesthj-129 67 22 suggest suggest VERB anesthj-129 67 23 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 67 24 providers provider NOUN anesthj-129 67 25 to to PART anesthj-129 67 26 perform perform VERB anesthj-129 67 27 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ anesthj-129 67 28 assessments assessment NOUN anesthj-129 67 29 to to PART anesthj-129 67 30 obtain obtain VERB anesthj-129 67 31 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 67 32 ’ ' PUNCT anesthj-129 67 33 history history NOUN anesthj-129 67 34 of of ADP anesthj-129 67 35 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 67 36 therapy therapy NOUN anesthj-129 67 37 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 67 38 other other ADJ anesthj-129 67 39 pertinent pertinent ADJ anesthj-129 67 40 information information NOUN anesthj-129 67 41 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 68 1 it it PRON anesthj-129 68 2 is be AUX anesthj-129 68 3 important important ADJ anesthj-129 68 4 to to PART anesthj-129 68 5 review review VERB anesthj-129 68 6 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 68 7 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 68 8 compliance compliance NOUN anesthj-129 68 9 level level NOUN anesthj-129 68 10 with with ADP anesthj-129 68 11 prescriptions prescription NOUN anesthj-129 68 12 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 13 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 68 14 management management NOUN anesthj-129 68 15 history history NOUN anesthj-129 68 16 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 17 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 18 previous previous ADJ anesthj-129 68 19 experiences experience NOUN anesthj-129 68 20 with with ADP anesthj-129 68 21 anesthesia.2,5,11 anesthesia.2,5,11 NOUN anesthj-129 68 22 diagnostic diagnostic ADJ anesthj-129 68 23 testing testing NOUN anesthj-129 68 24 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 25 toxicology toxicology NOUN anesthj-129 68 26 screening screening NOUN anesthj-129 68 27 should should AUX anesthj-129 68 28 also also ADV anesthj-129 68 29 be be AUX anesthj-129 68 30 considered consider VERB anesthj-129 68 31 for for ADP anesthj-129 68 32 objective objective ADJ anesthj-129 68 33 information.2,3,10 information.2,3,10 NOUN anesthj-129 68 34 there there PRON anesthj-129 68 35 are be VERB anesthj-129 68 36 conflicting conflicting ADJ anesthj-129 68 37 views view NOUN anesthj-129 68 38 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 39 concepts concept NOUN anesthj-129 68 40 regarding regard VERB anesthj-129 68 41 preoperative preoperative ADJ anesthj-129 68 42 continuation continuation NOUN anesthj-129 68 43 of of ADP anesthj-129 68 44 buprenorphine.2 buprenorphine.2 PROPN anesthj-129 68 45 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 68 46 4,11 4,11 NOUN anesthj-129 68 47 some some DET anesthj-129 68 48 reports report NOUN anesthj-129 68 49 recommend recommend VERB anesthj-129 68 50 discontinuing discontinue VERB anesthj-129 68 51 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 68 52 two two NUM anesthj-129 68 53 to to PART anesthj-129 68 54 five five NUM anesthj-129 68 55 days day NOUN anesthj-129 68 56 prior prior ADV anesthj-129 68 57 to to ADP anesthj-129 68 58 surgery surgery NOUN anesthj-129 68 59 to to PART anesthj-129 68 60 ensure ensure VERB anesthj-129 68 61 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 68 62 availability.2 availability.2 VERB anesthj-129 68 63 other other ADJ anesthj-129 68 64 sources source NOUN anesthj-129 68 65 noted note VERB anesthj-129 68 66 there there PRON anesthj-129 68 67 is be VERB anesthj-129 68 68 a a DET anesthj-129 68 69 lack lack NOUN anesthj-129 68 70 of of ADP anesthj-129 68 71 evidence evidence NOUN anesthj-129 68 72 that that SCONJ anesthj-129 68 73 discontinuing discontinue VERB anesthj-129 68 74 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 68 75 would would AUX anesthj-129 68 76 prevent prevent VERB anesthj-129 68 77 relapse relapse NOUN anesthj-129 68 78 episodes.3 episodes.3 VERB anesthj-129 68 79 furthermore furthermore ADV anesthj-129 68 80 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 81 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 68 82 that that PRON anesthj-129 68 83 discontinued discontinue VERB anesthj-129 68 84 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 68 85 were be AUX anesthj-129 68 86 found find VERB anesthj-129 68 87 to to PART anesthj-129 68 88 have have VERB anesthj-129 68 89 a a DET anesthj-129 68 90 significant significant ADJ anesthj-129 68 91 increase increase NOUN anesthj-129 68 92 in in ADP anesthj-129 68 93 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 68 94 requirements requirement NOUN anesthj-129 68 95 postoperatively.4 postoperatively.4 VERB anesthj-129 68 96 continuing continue VERB anesthj-129 68 97 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 68 98 preoperatively preoperatively ADV anesthj-129 68 99 is be AUX anesthj-129 68 100 advocated advocate VERB anesthj-129 68 101 in in ADP anesthj-129 68 102 some some DET anesthj-129 68 103 literature literature NOUN anesthj-129 68 104 to to PART anesthj-129 68 105 maintain maintain VERB anesthj-129 68 106 stable stable ADJ anesthj-129 68 107 serum serum NOUN anesthj-129 68 108 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 68 109 levels level NOUN anesthj-129 68 110 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 111 to to PART anesthj-129 68 112 avoid avoid VERB anesthj-129 68 113 exacerbations exacerbation NOUN anesthj-129 68 114 of of ADP anesthj-129 68 115 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 68 116 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 68 117 relapse.2 relapse.2 PROPN anesthj-129 68 118 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 68 119 4,11 4,11 NOUN anesthj-129 68 120 optimal optimal ADJ anesthj-129 68 121 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 68 122 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 68 123 management management NOUN anesthj-129 68 124 should should AUX anesthj-129 68 125 incorporate incorporate VERB anesthj-129 68 126 non non ADJ anesthj-129 68 127 - - ADJ anesthj-129 68 128 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 68 129 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 68 130 as as ADP anesthj-129 68 131 a a DET anesthj-129 68 132 priority.2 priority.2 PROPN anesthj-129 68 133 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 68 134 4,9,11 4,9,11 NUM anesthj-129 68 135 providers provider NOUN anesthj-129 68 136 could could AUX anesthj-129 68 137 include include VERB anesthj-129 68 138 ketamine ketamine PROPN anesthj-129 68 139 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 140 acetaminophen acetaminophen NOUN anesthj-129 68 141 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 142 nsaids nsaid NOUN anesthj-129 68 143 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 144 gabapentinoids gabapentinoid NOUN anesthj-129 68 145 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 146 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 147 alpha-2 alpha-2 NUM anesthj-129 68 148 adrenergic adrenergic ADJ anesthj-129 68 149 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 68 150 agonists.3 agonists.3 PROPN anesthj-129 68 151 local local ADJ anesthj-129 68 152 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 68 153 infiltration infiltration NOUN anesthj-129 68 154 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 155 regional regional ADJ anesthj-129 68 156 / / SYM anesthj-129 68 157 neuraxial neuraxial ADJ anesthj-129 68 158 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 68 159 should should AUX anesthj-129 68 160 be be AUX anesthj-129 68 161 utilized utilize VERB anesthj-129 68 162 where where SCONJ anesthj-129 68 163 possible.2 possible.2 NOUN anesthj-129 68 164 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 68 165 4,9 4,9 NUM anesthj-129 68 166 - - SYM anesthj-129 68 167 11 11 NUM anesthj-129 68 168 initiating initiate VERB anesthj-129 68 169 full full ADJ anesthj-129 68 170 μor μor NUM anesthj-129 68 171 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 68 172 may may AUX anesthj-129 68 173 be be AUX anesthj-129 68 174 appropriate appropriate ADJ anesthj-129 68 175 when when SCONJ anesthj-129 68 176 inadequate inadequate ADJ anesthj-129 68 177 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 68 178 persists persist VERB anesthj-129 68 179 with with ADP anesthj-129 68 180 multimodal multimodal ADJ anesthj-129 68 181 management.2 management.2 NOUN anesthj-129 68 182 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 68 183 4,11 4,11 NOUN anesthj-129 68 184 clinicians clinician NOUN anesthj-129 68 185 need need VERB anesthj-129 68 186 to to PART anesthj-129 68 187 be be AUX anesthj-129 68 188 aware aware ADJ anesthj-129 68 189 that that SCONJ anesthj-129 68 190 successful successful ADJ anesthj-129 68 191 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 68 192 management management NOUN anesthj-129 68 193 with with ADP anesthj-129 68 194 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 68 195 on on ADP anesthj-129 68 196 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 68 197 often often ADV anesthj-129 68 198 requires require VERB anesthj-129 68 199 increased increase VERB anesthj-129 68 200 doses dose NOUN anesthj-129 68 201 of of ADP anesthj-129 68 202 opioids.2 opioids.2 NOUN anesthj-129 68 203 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 68 204 4,9 4,9 NUM anesthj-129 68 205 - - SYM anesthj-129 68 206 11 11 NUM anesthj-129 68 207 due due ADP anesthj-129 68 208 to to ADP anesthj-129 68 209 the the DET anesthj-129 68 210 high high ADJ anesthj-129 68 211 μor μor NUM anesthj-129 68 212 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 68 213 binding bind VERB anesthj-129 68 214 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 68 215 of of ADP anesthj-129 68 216 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 68 217 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 218 other other ADJ anesthj-129 68 219 potent potent ADJ anesthj-129 68 220 full full ADJ anesthj-129 68 221 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 68 222 with with ADP anesthj-129 68 223 high high ADJ anesthj-129 68 224 ki ki PROPN anesthj-129 68 225 values value NOUN anesthj-129 68 226 may may AUX anesthj-129 68 227 be be AUX anesthj-129 68 228 required require VERB anesthj-129 68 229 to to PART anesthj-129 68 230 overcome overcome VERB anesthj-129 68 231 the the DET anesthj-129 68 232 receptor.10 receptor.10 NOUN anesthj-129 68 233 hydromorphone hydromorphone PROPN anesthj-129 68 234 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 235 sufentanil sufentanil PROPN anesthj-129 68 236 are be AUX anesthj-129 68 237 examples example NOUN anesthj-129 68 238 of of ADP anesthj-129 68 239 μor μor NUM anesthj-129 68 240 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 68 241 with with ADP anesthj-129 68 242 ki ki PROPN anesthj-129 68 243 values value NOUN anesthj-129 68 244 similar similar ADJ anesthj-129 68 245 to to ADP anesthj-129 68 246 buprenorphine.3,10,11 buprenorphine.3,10,11 NOUN anesthj-129 68 247 summary summary VERB anesthj-129 68 248 while while SCONJ anesthj-129 68 249 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 68 250 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 251 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 68 252 are be AUX anesthj-129 68 253 the the DET anesthj-129 68 254 leading lead VERB anesthj-129 68 255 medications medication NOUN anesthj-129 68 256 for for ADP anesthj-129 68 257 treating treat VERB anesthj-129 68 258 chronic chronic ADJ anesthj-129 68 259 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 68 260 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 68 261 oud oud NOUN anesthj-129 68 262 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 68 263 optimal optimal ADJ anesthj-129 68 264 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 68 265 management management NOUN anesthj-129 68 266 of of ADP anesthj-129 68 267 these these DET anesthj-129 68 268 medications medication NOUN anesthj-129 68 269 have have AUX anesthj-129 68 270 not not PART anesthj-129 68 271 been be AUX anesthj-129 68 272 well well ADV anesthj-129 68 273 established establish VERB anesthj-129 68 274 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 69 1 due due ADP anesthj-129 69 2 to to ADP anesthj-129 69 3 the the DET anesthj-129 69 4 unique unique ADJ anesthj-129 69 5 pharmacological pharmacological ADJ anesthj-129 69 6 profiles profile NOUN anesthj-129 69 7 of of ADP anesthj-129 69 8 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 69 9 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 69 10 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 69 11 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 69 12 it it PRON anesthj-129 69 13 is be AUX anesthj-129 69 14 imperative imperative ADJ anesthj-129 69 15 to to PART anesthj-129 69 16 perform perform VERB anesthj-129 69 17 thorough thorough ADJ anesthj-129 69 18 preoperative preoperative ADJ anesthj-129 69 19 evaluations evaluation NOUN anesthj-129 69 20 to to PART anesthj-129 69 21 assess assess VERB anesthj-129 69 22 for for ADP anesthj-129 69 23 patient patient ADJ anesthj-129 69 24 compliance compliance NOUN anesthj-129 69 25 to to ADP anesthj-129 69 26 their their PRON anesthj-129 69 27 prescribed prescribed ADJ anesthj-129 69 28 medications medication NOUN anesthj-129 69 29 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 69 30 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 69 31 to to PART anesthj-129 69 32 discuss discuss VERB anesthj-129 69 33 concerns concern NOUN anesthj-129 69 34 of of ADP anesthj-129 69 35 diversion diversion NOUN anesthj-129 69 36 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 69 37 or or CCONJ anesthj-129 69 38 possible possible ADJ anesthj-129 69 39 withdrawal withdrawal NOUN anesthj-129 69 40 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 69 41 relapses relapse VERB anesthj-129 69 42 perioperatively perioperatively ADV anesthj-129 69 43 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 70 1 current current ADJ anesthj-129 70 2 guidelines guideline NOUN anesthj-129 70 3 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 70 4 protocols protocol NOUN anesthj-129 70 5 recommend recommend VERB anesthj-129 70 6 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 70 7 to to PART anesthj-129 70 8 continue continue VERB anesthj-129 70 9 their their PRON anesthj-129 70 10 medication medication NOUN anesthj-129 70 11 regimen regiman NOUN anesthj-129 70 12 unless unless SCONJ anesthj-129 70 13 instructed instruct VERB anesthj-129 70 14 differently differently ADV anesthj-129 70 15 by by ADP anesthj-129 70 16 their their PRON anesthj-129 70 17 prescribing prescribing NOUN anesthj-129 70 18 provider.1 provider.1 NOUN anesthj-129 70 19 - - SYM anesthj-129 70 20 11 11 NUM anesthj-129 70 21 optimal optimal ADJ anesthj-129 70 22 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 70 23 management management NOUN anesthj-129 70 24 of of ADP anesthj-129 70 25 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 70 26 on on ADP anesthj-129 70 27 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 70 28 may may AUX anesthj-129 70 29 include include VERB anesthj-129 70 30 short short ADJ anesthj-129 70 31 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 70 32 acting act VERB anesthj-129 70 33 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 70 34 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 70 35 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 70 36 multimodal multimodal ADJ anesthj-129 70 37 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 70 38 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 70 39 regional regional ADJ anesthj-129 70 40 / / SYM anesthj-129 70 41 neuraxial neuraxial ADJ anesthj-129 70 42 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 70 43 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 70 44 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 70 45 other other ADJ anesthj-129 70 46 non non ADJ anesthj-129 70 47 - - ADJ anesthj-129 70 48 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 70 49 interventions.1,2,4 interventions.1,2,4 NOUN anesthj-129 70 50 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 70 51 7 7 NUM anesthj-129 70 52 optimal optimal ADJ anesthj-129 70 53 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 70 54 management management NOUN anesthj-129 70 55 of of ADP anesthj-129 70 56 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 70 57 on on ADP anesthj-129 70 58 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 70 59 may may AUX anesthj-129 70 60 include include VERB anesthj-129 70 61 multimodal multimodal ADJ anesthj-129 70 62 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 70 63 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 70 64 regional/ regional/ NUM anesthj-129 70 65 neuraxial neuraxial ADJ anesthj-129 70 66 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 70 67 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 70 68 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 70 69 opioid opioid VERB anesthj-129 70 70 agonists agonist NOUN anesthj-129 70 71 with with ADP anesthj-129 70 72 similar similar ADJ anesthj-129 70 73 μor μor NOUN anesthj-129 70 74 binding bind VERB anesthj-129 70 75 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 70 76 to to ADP anesthj-129 70 77 buprenorphine.2 buprenorphine.2 PROPN anesthj-129 70 78 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 70 79 4,9 4,9 NUM anesthj-129 70 80 - - SYM anesthj-129 70 81 11 11 NUM anesthj-129 70 82 references reference NOUN anesthj-129 70 83 1 1 NUM anesthj-129 70 84 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 71 1 cornett cornett PROPN anesthj-129 71 2 em em PRON anesthj-129 71 3 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 71 4 kline kline PROPN anesthj-129 71 5 rj rj PROPN anesthj-129 71 6 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 71 7 robichaux robichaux PROPN anesthj-129 71 8 sl sl PROPN anesthj-129 71 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 71 10 et et PROPN anesthj-129 71 11 al al PROPN anesthj-129 71 12 . . PROPN anesthj-129 72 1 comprehensive comprehensive ADJ anesthj-129 72 2 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 72 3 management management NOUN anesthj-129 72 4 considerations consideration NOUN anesthj-129 72 5 in in ADP anesthj-129 72 6 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 72 7 taking take VERB anesthj-129 72 8 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 72 9 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 73 1 curr curr PROPN anesthj-129 73 2 pain pain PROPN anesthj-129 73 3 headache headache PROPN anesthj-129 73 4 rep rep PROPN anesthj-129 73 5 . . PROPN anesthj-129 73 6 2019;23(7):49 2019;23(7):49 X anesthj-129 73 7 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 74 1 doi:10.1007 doi:10.1007 VERB anesthj-129 74 2 / / SYM anesthj-129 75 1 s11916 s11916 PROPN anesthj-129 75 2 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 75 3 019 019 NUM anesthj-129 75 4 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 75 5 0783 0783 NUM anesthj-129 75 6 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 75 7 z. z. PROPN anesthj-129 75 8 2 2 NUM anesthj-129 75 9 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 75 10 ward ward PROPN anesthj-129 75 11 en en ADV anesthj-129 75 12 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 75 13 quaye quaye VERB anesthj-129 75 14 an an PRON anesthj-129 75 15 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 75 16 wilens wilen VERB anesthj-129 75 17 te te PROPN anesthj-129 75 18 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 76 1 opioid opioid PROPN anesthj-129 76 2 use use VERB anesthj-129 76 3 disorders disorder NOUN anesthj-129 76 4 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 76 5 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 76 6 management management NOUN anesthj-129 76 7 of of ADP anesthj-129 76 8 a a DET anesthj-129 76 9 special special ADJ anesthj-129 76 10 population population NOUN anesthj-129 76 11 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 77 1 anesth anesth PROPN anesthj-129 77 2 analg analg PROPN anesthj-129 77 3 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 78 1 2018;127(2):539–547 2018;127(2):539–547 NUM anesthj-129 78 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 78 3 doi:10.1213 doi:10.1213 PROPN anesthj-129 78 4 / / SYM anesthj-129 78 5 ane.0000000000003477 ane.0000000000003477 NOUN anesthj-129 78 6 3 3 NUM anesthj-129 78 7 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 78 8 goel goel PROPN anesthj-129 78 9 a a PROPN anesthj-129 78 10 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 78 11 azargive azargive PROPN anesthj-129 78 12 s s PROPN anesthj-129 78 13 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 78 14 weissman weissman PROPN anesthj-129 78 15 js js PROPN anesthj-129 78 16 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 78 17 et et PROPN anesthj-129 78 18 al al PROPN anesthj-129 78 19 . . PROPN anesthj-129 79 1 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 79 2 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 79 3 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 79 4 addiction addiction NOUN anesthj-129 79 5 interdisciplinary interdisciplinary ADJ anesthj-129 79 6 network network NOUN anesthj-129 79 7 ( ( PUNCT anesthj-129 79 8 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 79 9 ) ) PUNCT anesthj-129 79 10 clinical clinical ADJ anesthj-129 79 11 practice practice NOUN anesthj-129 79 12 advisory advisory NOUN anesthj-129 79 13 for for ADP anesthj-129 79 14 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 79 15 management management NOUN anesthj-129 79 16 of of ADP anesthj-129 79 17 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 79 18 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 79 19 results result NOUN anesthj-129 79 20 of of ADP anesthj-129 79 21 a a DET anesthj-129 79 22 modified modify VERB anesthj-129 79 23 delphi delphi NOUN anesthj-129 79 24 process process NOUN anesthj-129 79 25 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 80 1 br br PROPN anesthj-129 80 2 j j PROPN anesthj-129 80 3 anaesth anaesth PROPN anesthj-129 80 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 81 1 2019;123(2):e333 2019;123(2):e333 NUM anesthj-129 81 2 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 81 3 e342 e342 PROPN anesthj-129 81 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 81 5 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 PROPN anesthj-129 81 6 / / SYM anesthj-129 81 7 j.bja.2019.03.044 j.bja.2019.03.044 PROPN anesthj-129 81 8 . . PROPN anesthj-129 82 1 4 4 X anesthj-129 82 2 . . X anesthj-129 82 3 scholzen scholzen NOUN anesthj-129 82 4 e e PROPN anesthj-129 82 5 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 82 6 zeng zeng PROPN anesthj-129 82 7 am am PROPN anesthj-129 82 8 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 82 9 schroeder schroeder PROPN anesthj-129 82 10 km km PROPN anesthj-129 82 11 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 83 1 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 83 2 management management NOUN anesthj-129 83 3 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 83 4 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 83 5 for for ADP anesthj-129 83 6 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 83 7 taking take VERB anesthj-129 83 8 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 83 9 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 83 10 other other ADJ anesthj-129 83 11 forms form NOUN anesthj-129 83 12 of of ADP anesthj-129 83 13 medication medication NOUN anesthj-129 83 14 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 83 15 assisted assist VERB anesthj-129 83 16 treatment treatment NOUN anesthj-129 83 17 for for ADP anesthj-129 83 18 substance substance NOUN anesthj-129 83 19 abuse abuse NOUN anesthj-129 83 20 disorders disorder NOUN anesthj-129 83 21 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 84 1 adv adv PROPN anesthj-129 84 2 anesth anesth PROPN anesthj-129 84 3 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 85 1 2019;37:65 2019;37:65 NUM anesthj-129 85 2 - - SYM anesthj-129 85 3 86 86 NUM anesthj-129 85 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 86 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 PROPN anesthj-129 86 2 / / SYM anesthj-129 86 3 j.aan.2019.08.002 j.aan.2019.08.002 NOUN anesthj-129 86 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 87 1 5 5 X anesthj-129 87 2 . . X anesthj-129 87 3 mitra mitra PROPN anesthj-129 87 4 s s PROPN anesthj-129 87 5 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 87 6 sinatra sinatra PROPN anesthj-129 87 7 rs rs NOUN anesthj-129 87 8 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 88 1 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 88 2 management management NOUN anesthj-129 88 3 of of ADP anesthj-129 88 4 acute acute ADJ anesthj-129 88 5 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 88 6 in in ADP anesthj-129 88 7 the the DET anesthj-129 88 8 opioid opioid NOUN anesthj-129 88 9 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 88 10 dependent dependent ADJ anesthj-129 88 11 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 88 12 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 89 1 anesthesiology anesthesiology NOUN anesthj-129 89 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 90 1 2004;101(1):212227 2004;101(1):212227 NUM anesthj-129 90 2 . . NOUN anesthj-129 91 1 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 91 2 . . X anesthj-129 91 3 vadivelu vadivelu PROPN anesthj-129 91 4 n n CCONJ anesthj-129 91 5 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 91 6 mitra mitra PROPN anesthj-129 91 7 s s PROPN anesthj-129 91 8 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 91 9 kaye kaye PROPN anesthj-129 91 10 ad ad NOUN anesthj-129 91 11 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 91 12 urman urman PROPN anesthj-129 91 13 rd rd PROPN anesthj-129 91 14 . . PROPN anesthj-129 91 15 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 91 16 analgesia analgesia NOUN anesthj-129 91 17 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 91 18 challenges challenge NOUN anesthj-129 91 19 in in ADP anesthj-129 91 20 the the DET anesthj-129 91 21 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 91 22 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 91 23 addicted addict VERB anesthj-129 91 24 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 91 25 drug drug NOUN anesthj-129 91 26 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 91 27 dependent dependent ADJ anesthj-129 91 28 patient patient NOUN anesthj-129 91 29 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 92 1 best good ADJ anesthj-129 92 2 pract pract PROPN anesthj-129 92 3 res res PROPN anesthj-129 92 4 clin clin PROPN anesthj-129 92 5 anaesthesiol anaesthesiol PROPN anesthj-129 92 6 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 93 1 2014;28(1):91 2014;28(1):91 NUM anesthj-129 93 2 - - SYM anesthj-129 93 3 101 101 NUM anesthj-129 93 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 93 5 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 PROPN anesthj-129 93 6 / / SYM anesthj-129 93 7 j.bpa.2014.02.003 j.bpa.2014.02.003 PROPN anesthj-129 93 8 . . PROPN anesthj-129 93 9 7 7 X anesthj-129 93 10 . . X anesthj-129 93 11 peng peng PROPN anesthj-129 93 12 pwh pwh PROPN anesthj-129 93 13 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 93 14 tumber tumber NOUN anesthj-129 93 15 ps ps PROPN anesthj-129 93 16 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 93 17 gourlay gourlay PROPN anesthj-129 93 18 d. d. PROPN anesthj-129 93 19 review review PROPN anesthj-129 93 20 article article NOUN anesthj-129 93 21 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 93 22 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 93 23 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 93 24 management management NOUN anesthj-129 93 25 of of ADP anesthj-129 93 26 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 93 27 on on ADP anesthj-129 93 28 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 93 29 therapy therapy NOUN anesthj-129 93 30 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 94 1 can can AUX anesthj-129 94 2 j j PROPN anesthj-129 94 3 anaesth anaesth PROPN anesthj-129 94 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 95 1 2005;52(5):513 2005;52(5):513 NUM anesthj-129 95 2 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 95 3 523 523 NUM anesthj-129 95 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 96 1 8 8 NUM anesthj-129 96 2 . . X anesthj-129 96 3 whelan whelan PROPN anesthj-129 96 4 pj pj PROPN anesthj-129 96 5 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 96 6 remski remski PROPN anesthj-129 96 7 k. k. PROPN anesthj-129 96 8 buprenorphine buprenorphine PROPN anesthj-129 96 9 vs vs ADP anesthj-129 96 10 methadone methadone NOUN anesthj-129 96 11 treatment treatment NOUN anesthj-129 96 12 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 96 13 a a DET anesthj-129 96 14 review review NOUN anesthj-129 96 15 of of ADP anesthj-129 96 16 evidence evidence NOUN anesthj-129 96 17 in in ADP anesthj-129 96 18 both both CCONJ anesthj-129 96 19 developed developed ADJ anesthj-129 96 20 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 96 21 developing develop VERB anesthj-129 96 22 worlds world NOUN anesthj-129 96 23 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 97 1 j j PROPN anesthj-129 97 2 neurosci neurosci PROPN anesthj-129 97 3 rural rural ADJ anesthj-129 97 4 pract pract NOUN anesthj-129 97 5 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 98 1 2012;3(1):45–50 2012;3(1):45–50 NUM anesthj-129 98 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 99 1 doi:10.4103/0976 doi:10.4103/0976 NOUN anesthj-129 99 2 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 99 3 3147.91934 3147.91934 NUM anesthj-129 99 4 9 9 NUM anesthj-129 99 5 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 100 1 roberts roberts PROPN anesthj-129 100 2 dm dm PROPN anesthj-129 100 3 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 100 4 meyer meyer PROPN anesthj-129 100 5 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 100 6 witting witting ADJ anesthj-129 100 7 m. m. NOUN anesthj-129 100 8 high high ADJ anesthj-129 100 9 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 100 10 dose dose NOUN anesthj-129 100 11 buprenorphine buprenorphine NOUN anesthj-129 100 12 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 100 13 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 100 14 precautions precaution NOUN anesthj-129 100 15 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 100 16 management management NOUN anesthj-129 100 17 strategies strategy NOUN anesthj-129 100 18 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 101 1 anaesth anaesth PROPN anesthj-129 101 2 intens inten NOUN anesthj-129 101 3 care care VERB anesthj-129 101 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 102 1 2005;33(1):17 2005;33(1):17 VERB anesthj-129 102 2 - - SYM anesthj-129 102 3 25 25 NUM anesthj-129 102 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 103 1 10 10 NUM anesthj-129 103 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 104 1 leighton leighton PROPN anesthj-129 104 2 bl bl PROPN anesthj-129 104 3 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 104 4 crock crock NOUN anesthj-129 104 5 lw lw PROPN anesthj-129 104 6 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 105 1 case case NOUN anesthj-129 105 2 series series NOUN anesthj-129 105 3 of of ADP anesthj-129 105 4 successful successful ADJ anesthj-129 105 5 postoperative postoperative ADJ anesthj-129 105 6 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 105 7 management management NOUN anesthj-129 105 8 in in ADP anesthj-129 105 9 buprenorphine buprenorphine ADJ anesthj-129 105 10 maintenance maintenance NOUN anesthj-129 105 11 therapy therapy NOUN anesthj-129 105 12 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 105 13 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 106 1 anesth anesth PROPN anesthj-129 106 2 analg analg PROPN anesthj-129 106 3 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 107 1 2017;125(5):1779–1783 2017;125(5):1779–1783 NUM anesthj-129 107 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 108 1 doi:10.1213 doi:10.1213 PROPN anesthj-129 108 2 / / SYM anesthj-129 108 3 ane.0000000000002498 ane.0000000000002498 PRON anesthj-129 108 4 11 11 NUM anesthj-129 108 5 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 109 1 coluzzi coluzzi NOUN anesthj-129 109 2 f f NOUN anesthj-129 109 3 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 109 4 bifulco bifulco NOUN anesthj-129 109 5 f f NOUN anesthj-129 109 6 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 109 7 cuomo cuomo PROPN anesthj-129 109 8 a a PROPN anesthj-129 109 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 109 10 et et PROPN anesthj-129 109 11 al al PROPN anesthj-129 109 12 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 110 1 the the DET anesthj-129 110 2 challenge challenge NOUN anesthj-129 110 3 of of ADP anesthj-129 110 4 perioperative perioperative ADJ anesthj-129 110 5 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 110 6 management management NOUN anesthj-129 110 7 in in ADP anesthj-129 110 8 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 110 9 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 110 10 tolerant tolerant ADJ anesthj-129 110 11 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 110 12 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 111 1 ther ther PROPN anesthj-129 111 2 clin clin PROPN anesthj-129 111 3 risk risk NOUN anesthj-129 111 4 manag manag PROPN anesthj-129 111 5 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 112 1 2017;13:1163–1173 2017;13:1163–1173 PROPN anesthj-129 112 2 . . PROPN anesthj-129 112 3 published publish VERB anesthj-129 112 4 2017 2017 NUM anesthj-129 112 5 sep sep NOUN anesthj-129 112 6 5 5 NUM anesthj-129 112 7 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 112 8 doi:10.2147 doi:10.2147 NOUN anesthj-129 112 9 / / SYM anesthj-129 112 10 tcrm.s141332 tcrm.s141332 PROPN anesthj-129 112 11 12 12 NUM anesthj-129 112 12 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 113 1 volpe volpe PROPN anesthj-129 113 2 da da PROPN anesthj-129 113 3 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 113 4 mcmahon mcmahon PROPN anesthj-129 113 5 tobin tobin PROPN anesthj-129 113 6 ga ga PROPN anesthj-129 113 7 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 113 8 mellon mellon PROPN anesthj-129 113 9 rd rd PROPN anesthj-129 113 10 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 113 11 et et PROPN anesthj-129 113 12 al al PROPN anesthj-129 113 13 . . PROPN anesthj-129 113 14 uniform uniform PROPN anesthj-129 113 15 assessment assessment NOUN anesthj-129 113 16 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 113 17 ranking ranking NOUN anesthj-129 113 18 of of ADP anesthj-129 113 19 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 113 20 μ μ NOUN anesthj-129 113 21 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 113 22 binding bind VERB anesthj-129 113 23 constants constant NOUN anesthj-129 113 24 for for ADP anesthj-129 113 25 selected select VERB anesthj-129 113 26 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 113 27 drugs drug NOUN anesthj-129 113 28 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 114 1 regul regul NOUN anesthj-129 114 2 toxicol toxicol PROPN anesthj-129 114 3 pharmacol pharmacol PROPN anesthj-129 114 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 115 1 2011;59(3):385 2011;59(3):385 PROPN anesthj-129 115 2 - - SYM anesthj-129 115 3 390 390 NUM anesthj-129 115 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 116 1 doi:10.1016 doi:10.1016 PROPN anesthj-129 116 2 / / SYM anesthj-129 116 3 j.yrtph.2010.12.007 j.yrtph.2010.12.007 PROPN anesthj-129 116 4 . . PROPN anesthj-129 116 5 13 13 NUM anesthj-129 116 6 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 117 1 ellis ellis PROPN anesthj-129 117 2 cr cr PROPN anesthj-129 117 3 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 117 4 kruhlak kruhlak PROPN anesthj-129 117 5 nl nl PROPN anesthj-129 117 6 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 117 7 kim kim PROPN anesthj-129 117 8 mt mt PROPN anesthj-129 117 9 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 117 10 hawkins hawkins PROPN anesthj-129 117 11 eg eg PROPN anesthj-129 117 12 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 117 13 stavitskaya stavitskaya PROPN anesthj-129 117 14 l. l. PROPN anesthj-129 117 15 predicting predict VERB anesthj-129 117 16 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 117 17 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 117 18 binding bind VERB anesthj-129 117 19 affinity affinity NOUN anesthj-129 117 20 of of ADP anesthj-129 117 21 pharmacologically pharmacologically ADV anesthj-129 117 22 unclassified unclassified ADJ anesthj-129 117 23 designer designer NOUN anesthj-129 117 24 substances substance NOUN anesthj-129 117 25 using use VERB anesthj-129 117 26 molecular molecular ADJ anesthj-129 117 27 docking docking NOUN anesthj-129 117 28 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 118 1 plos plos PROPN anesthj-129 118 2 one one NUM anesthj-129 118 3 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 119 1 2018;13(5):e0197734 2018;13(5):e0197734 NUM anesthj-129 119 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 119 3 doi:10.1371 doi:10.1371 PROPN anesthj-129 119 4 / / SYM anesthj-129 120 1 journal.pone.0197734 journal.pone.0197734 PROPN anesthj-129 120 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 121 1 14 14 NUM anesthj-129 121 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 122 1 al al PROPN anesthj-129 122 2 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 122 3 hasani hasani PROPN anesthj-129 122 4 r r NOUN anesthj-129 122 5 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 122 6 bruchas bruchas PROPN anesthj-129 122 7 mr mr PROPN anesthj-129 122 8 . . PROPN anesthj-129 122 9 molecular molecular ADJ anesthj-129 122 10 mechanisms mechanism NOUN anesthj-129 122 11 of of ADP anesthj-129 122 12 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 122 13 receptor receptor NOUN anesthj-129 122 14 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 122 15 dependent dependent ADJ anesthj-129 122 16 signaling signaling NOUN anesthj-129 122 17 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 122 18 behavior behavior NOUN anesthj-129 122 19 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 123 1 anesthesiology anesthesiology NOUN anesthj-129 123 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 124 1 2011;115(6):1363 2011;115(6):1363 NUM anesthj-129 124 2 - - SYM anesthj-129 124 3 1381 1381 NUM anesthj-129 124 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 125 1 doi:10.1097 doi:10.1097 PROPN anesthj-129 125 2 / / SYM anesthj-129 126 1 aln.0b013e318238bba6 aln.0b013e318238bba6 ADJ anesthj-129 126 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 127 1 15 15 NUM anesthj-129 127 2 . . X anesthj-129 127 3 medication medication NOUN anesthj-129 127 4 - - PUNCT anesthj-129 127 5 assisted assist VERB anesthj-129 127 6 treatment treatment NOUN anesthj-129 127 7 improves improve VERB anesthj-129 127 8 outcomes outcome NOUN anesthj-129 127 9 for for ADP anesthj-129 127 10 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 127 11 with with ADP anesthj-129 127 12 opioid opioid ADJ anesthj-129 127 13 use use NOUN anesthj-129 127 14 disorder disorder NOUN anesthj-129 127 15 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 128 1 the the DET anesthj-129 128 2 pew pew NOUN anesthj-129 128 3 charitable charitable ADJ anesthj-129 128 4 trusts trust NOUN anesthj-129 128 5 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 129 1 https://www https://www PROPN anesthj-129 129 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 129 3 pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2016/11/medication-assisted-treatment-improves-outcomes-for-patientswith-opioid-use-disorder pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2016/11/medication-assisted-treatment-improves-outcomes-for-patientswith-opioid-use-disorder PROPN anesthj-129 129 4 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 130 1 published publish VERB anesthj-129 130 2 november november PROPN anesthj-129 130 3 26 26 NUM anesthj-129 130 4 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 130 5 2016 2016 NUM anesthj-129 130 6 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 131 1 accessed access VERB anesthj-129 131 2 march march PROPN anesthj-129 131 3 26 26 NUM anesthj-129 131 4 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 131 5 2020 2020 NUM anesthj-129 131 6 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 132 1 about about ADP anesthj-129 132 2 the the DET anesthj-129 132 3 author author NOUN anesthj-129 132 4 : : PUNCT anesthj-129 132 5 emily emily PROPN anesthj-129 132 6 coleman coleman PROPN anesthj-129 132 7 is be AUX anesthj-129 132 8 completing complete VERB anesthj-129 132 9 the the DET anesthj-129 132 10 final final ADJ anesthj-129 132 11 year year NOUN anesthj-129 132 12 of of ADP anesthj-129 132 13 obtaining obtain VERB anesthj-129 132 14 a a DET anesthj-129 132 15 doctor doctor NOUN anesthj-129 132 16 of of ADP anesthj-129 132 17 nursing nursing NOUN anesthj-129 132 18 practice practice NOUN anesthj-129 132 19 at at ADP anesthj-129 132 20 texas texas PROPN anesthj-129 132 21 christian christian PROPN anesthj-129 132 22 university university PROPN anesthj-129 132 23 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 133 1 coleman coleman PROPN anesthj-129 133 2 graduated graduate VERB anesthj-129 133 3 from from ADP anesthj-129 133 4 the the DET anesthj-129 133 5 university university PROPN anesthj-129 133 6 of of ADP anesthj-129 133 7 texas texas PROPN anesthj-129 133 8 at at ADP anesthj-129 133 9 austin austin PROPN anesthj-129 133 10 with with ADP anesthj-129 133 11 a a DET anesthj-129 133 12 bachelor bachelor NOUN anesthj-129 133 13 of of ADP anesthj-129 133 14 science science NOUN anesthj-129 133 15 in in ADP anesthj-129 133 16 nursing nursing NOUN anesthj-129 133 17 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 134 1 coleman coleman PROPN anesthj-129 134 2 was be AUX anesthj-129 134 3 one one NUM anesthj-129 134 4 of of ADP anesthj-129 134 5 twelve twelve NUM anesthj-129 134 6 accepted accept VERB anesthj-129 134 7 into into ADP anesthj-129 134 8 the the DET anesthj-129 134 9 undergraduate undergraduate NOUN anesthj-129 134 10 nursing nursing NOUN anesthj-129 134 11 honors honor NOUN anesthj-129 134 12 program program NOUN anesthj-129 134 13 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 134 14 completed complete VERB anesthj-129 134 15 a a DET anesthj-129 134 16 secondary secondary ADJ anesthj-129 134 17 analysis analysis NOUN anesthj-129 134 18 as as ADP anesthj-129 134 19 her her PRON anesthj-129 134 20 honor honor NOUN anesthj-129 134 21 ’s ’s PART anesthj-129 134 22 thesis thesis NOUN anesthj-129 134 23 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 135 1 before before ADP anesthj-129 135 2 beginning begin VERB anesthj-129 135 3 her her PRON anesthj-129 135 4 doctoral doctoral ADJ anesthj-129 135 5 education education NOUN anesthj-129 135 6 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 135 7 coleman coleman PROPN anesthj-129 135 8 was be AUX anesthj-129 135 9 a a DET anesthj-129 135 10 medical medical ADJ anesthj-129 135 11 intensive intensive ADJ anesthj-129 135 12 care care NOUN anesthj-129 135 13 nurse nurse NOUN anesthj-129 135 14 at at ADP anesthj-129 135 15 ut ut PROPN anesthj-129 135 16 southwestern southwestern PROPN anesthj-129 135 17 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 136 1 her her PRON anesthj-129 136 2 background background NOUN anesthj-129 136 3 in in ADP anesthj-129 136 4 pulmonary pulmonary ADJ anesthj-129 136 5 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 136 6 critical critical ADJ anesthj-129 136 7 care care NOUN anesthj-129 136 8 medicine medicine NOUN anesthj-129 136 9 involved involve VERB anesthj-129 136 10 caring care VERB anesthj-129 136 11 for for ADP anesthj-129 136 12 patients patient NOUN anesthj-129 136 13 with with ADP anesthj-129 136 14 pulmonary pulmonary ADJ anesthj-129 136 15 hypertension hypertension NOUN anesthj-129 136 16 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 136 17 sepsis sepsis NOUN anesthj-129 136 18 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 136 19 renal renal ADJ anesthj-129 136 20 failure failure NOUN anesthj-129 136 21 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 136 22 respiratory respiratory ADJ anesthj-129 136 23 failure failure NOUN anesthj-129 136 24 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 136 25 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 136 26 more more ADJ anesthj-129 136 27 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 137 1 her her PRON anesthj-129 137 2 current current ADJ anesthj-129 137 3 professional professional ADJ anesthj-129 137 4 interests interest NOUN anesthj-129 137 5 include include VERB anesthj-129 137 6 pharmacology pharmacology NOUN anesthj-129 137 7 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 137 8 regional regional ADJ anesthj-129 137 9 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 137 10 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 137 11 obstetric obstetric ADJ anesthj-129 137 12 anesthesia anesthesia NOUN anesthj-129 137 13 , , PUNCT anesthj-129 137 14 and and CCONJ anesthj-129 137 15 pain pain NOUN anesthj-129 137 16 management management NOUN anesthj-129 137 17 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 138 1 educated educate VERB anesthj-129 138 2 hand hand NOUN anesthj-129 138 3 publishing publishing NOUN anesthj-129 138 4 llc llc PROPN anesthj-129 138 5 “ " PUNCT anesthj-129 138 6 the the DET anesthj-129 138 7 science science NOUN anesthj-129 138 8 behind behind ADP anesthj-129 138 9 the the DET anesthj-129 138 10 art art NOUN anesthj-129 138 11 ” " PUNCT anesthj-129 138 12 volume volume NOUN anesthj-129 138 13 8 8 NUM anesthj-129 138 14 no no NOUN anesthj-129 138 15 . . NOUN anesthj-129 138 16 6 6 NUM anesthj-129 138 17 2020 2020 NUM anesthj-129 138 18 anesthesia anesthesia PROPN anesthj-129 138 19 ejournal ejournal PROPN anesthj-129 138 20 online online PROPN anesthj-129 138 21 issn issn PROPN anesthj-129 138 22 2333 2333 NUM anesthj-129 138 23 - - SYM anesthj-129 138 24 2611 2611 NUM anesthj-129 138 25 page page NOUN anesthj-129 138 26 20 20 NUM anesthj-129 138 27 https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2016/11/medication-assisted-treatment-improves-outcomes-for-patients-with-opioid-use-disorder https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2016/11/medication-assisted-treatment-improves-outcomes-for-patients-with-opioid-use-disorder NOUN anesthj-129 138 28 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 139 1 https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2016/11/medication-assisted-treatment-improves-outcomes-for-patients-with-opioid-use-disorder https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2016/11/medication-assisted-treatment-improves-outcomes-for-patients-with-opioid-use-disorder NOUN anesthj-129 139 2 . . PUNCT anesthj-129 140 1 https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2016/11/medication-assisted-treatment-improves-outcomes-for-patients-with-opioid-use-disorder https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/fact-sheets/2016/11/medication-assisted-treatment-improves-outcomes-for-patients-with-opioid-use-disorder PROPN anesthj-129 140 2 . . PUNCT