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© 2022 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. 

EFFECT OF FEED WITHDRAWAL AND PROGUT ON BROILER PERFORMANCE, 
CARCASSES TRAITS AND BLOOD PARAMETERS   

 

 

Hayam M.  Abo El-
Maaty1+ 
Sara Khalil Sherif2 
Lina Sabry Foda3 

 

1,2,3Poultry Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura 
University, Egypt. 
1Email: hayiam151@yahoo.com  
2Email: sarashrif349@yahoo.com  
3Email: linasbry91@yahoo.com   

(+ Corresponding author) 

 ABSTRACT 
 
Article History 
Received: 27 July 2022 
Revised: 12 October 2022 
Accepted: 31 October 2022 
Published: 25 November 2022 
 

Keywords 
Blood parameters 
Broiler 
Carcass 
Feed additive 
Feed withdrawal. 

 
This study evaluated the effect of feed withdrawal without/ with feed additive 
(Progut®) on broiler chickens’ performance, carcass traits and some blood parameters, 
in a factorial arrangement (4 feed restriction×2 levels of feed additive). Three hundred 
twenty-one-day-old broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were distributed into 8 treatments with 
four replicates. In the first week all chicks fed starter basal diet, however during the 
second week, broiler chicks were exposed to feed restriction by feed withdrawal time (0, 
6, 9, 12 hours/day). Broiler chicks exposed to feed withdrawal had low body weight 
gain and feed consumption at 2 weeks of age. Feed withdrawal had no effect on final 
weight, body weight change, total feed intake, total feed conversion, economic 
efficiency, carcass traits and serum blood composition of 42-day-old-broiler chicks. Feed 
withdrawal and feed additive in broiler diets decreased total microflora counts and E 
coil and enhanced lacto Bacillus, amylase and chemo trypsin in broiler guts. Feed 
additive (Progut®) decreased total feed consumption, improved total feed conversion 

and increased economic efficiency of broilers. Feed additive increased the level of β 

globulin and decreased the level of α globulin in serum blood of broiler chicks. The 
obtained results suggested that feed withdrawal during the second week of age had not 
effect on broiler performance, carcass traits and serum blood characteristics and 
improved lacto Bacillus, amylase and chemo trypsin. Feed additive (Progut®) in broiler 
diets improved growth performance and decreased total bacteria counts, E coli and 
increased lacto bacillus counts in broiler guts. 
 

Contribution/Originality: Feed withdrawal reduces feed consumption, feed costs and abdominal fat, improves 

feed utilization and benefits from compensatory growth. Yeast improves health of the bird, reduces using antibiotics 

and improves the quality of the carcass. Feed withdrawal was combined with yeast product to improve growth 

performance of broilers and their carcasses. 

 

1. INTRODUCTION 

Rising feed costs drive the interest in interventions such as feed restriction to improve feed efficiency and 

reduce abdominal fat content [1] reported there are 2 main methods to apply feed restriction, each with their own 

effect on production performance. Qualitative feed restriction is defined as limiting (specific) nutrient intake 

through dilution of the diet. Food deprivation is a commonly used management strategy in broilers, aiming to 

prevent excessive weight gain during growth and thereby to solve some health-related problems [2] while also 

preventing precocious fat deposition [3]. Feed restriction also presents some economic benefits [4]. 

Animal Review 
2022 Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 24-36. 
ISSN(e): 2409-6490 
ISSN(p): 2412-3382 
DOI: 10.18488/92.v9i2.3203 
© 2022 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
 

mailto:hayiam151@yahoo.com
mailto:sarashrif349@yahoo.com
mailto:linasbry91@yahoo.com
https://www.doi.org/10.18488/92.v9i2.3203


Animal Review, 2022, 9(2): 24-36 

 

 
25 

© 2022 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. 

Quantitative feed restriction is defined as reducing nutrient intake through reducing the amount of feed 

consumed. Following a period of feed restriction, broilers normally experience a period of rapid growth, called 

compensatory growth [5]. The extent to which broilers show compensatory growth depends on many factors such 

as environment, period and method of the applied restriction, strain, and sex [6]. In addition, [7] showed that 

chickens provided 80% of ad libitum intake from 8 to 16 d of age do not differ in body weight, feed conversion ratio, 

or fat content at 35 d of age compared to ad libitum fed chickens. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and yeast cell wall 

(YCW) have been reported to contain polysaccharides and thus may have the potentials to improve the performance 

and health of birds [8]. The growth-promoting effect and immunomodulatory potential of prebiotic yeast, YCW 

products and their cell wall contents such as β-glucan and α-mannan in recent years are gaining research interest 

[9]. Live yeast (LY) is one of the most potential microorganism derived products that can be used in animal ration 

as a dietary supplement [10] as well as a potential alternative to feed antibiotics in animals [11]. 

Mannanoligosaccharide, derived from the outer cell wall of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), can be applied as a 

growth promoter as well as a possible alternative to antibiotics in broiler diets [12]. Dietary supplementation with 

whole yeast and yeast cell walls at 1.5–2 g/kg level could improve growth performance and meat yield in broilers 

[13]. Progut® has successfully passed through different types of trials: In vitro trials: In laboratory trials Progut® 

have shown its ability to prevent E. coli attachment to gut mucus, to modify intestinal macrobiotic and stimulate 

immunity. Progut® has consistently demonstrated beneficial effects on intestinal macrobiotic and immunity with 

different animal species. Progut® in poultry feeds has led to improved vitality, feed utilization, better productivity 

and growth. Better intestinal health and immunity improves performance and profitability in poultry production. 

Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the effect of feed restriction and feed additive (Progut®) on 

broiler growth performance, carcass traits and serum blood characteristics.  

 

2. MATERIALS AND MEHTODES 

This experiment was done at Fac. of Agric., Mans. Univ., throughout September and October 2021. This 

experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four-time feed withdrawal at the second week of age (0, 6, 9, 12 

hours/day) with or without feed additive (Progut®) on broiler performance, carcass traits and some blood 

parameters.  

This experiment was designed in factorial arrangement (4×2). Three hundred twenty unsexed one-day-old 

Cobb-500 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to eight experimental treatments with four replicates each (10 birds 

in each replicate).  All chicks were fed the starter (0-3 weeks of age) and grower-finisher diets (3-6 weeks of age). The 

experimental diets were offered to chicks ad libitum during the experimental period (six weeks of age) except during 

the second week of age which feed withdrawal was done. The experimental treatments 1, 3, 5 and 7 fed the basal 

diets without additive, however Treatments 2, 4, 6 and 8 fed basal diets supplements with 1g Progut/kg in starter 

diet and 0.5g/kg in grower-finisher diet. Diets were formulated using feedstuffs analyses tables of NRC National 

Research Council [14]. Table 1 shows feed component and calculated analysis of the experimental diets. 

Each 3 kg premix contains: Vit. A, 10000000 IU; vit. D3, 2000000 IU; vit. E, 10000 mg; vit. K, 1000 mg; vit. 

B11000 mg; vit. B2, 5000 mg; vit. B6, 1500 mg; vit. B12, 10 mg; folic acid, 1000 mg; biotin, 50 mg; pantothenic acid, 

10000 mg; nicotinic, 30000 mg, Fe, 30000 mg; Mn,60000mg; Zn, 50000 mg; I, 300mg; Co,100mg; Cu, 4000 mg; Se, 

100 mg and CaCO3 up to 3000 g. 

Feed additive (Progut®) was new generation yeast product.  

Dose of broilers: Starter: 1 kg/T; finisher: 0.5 kg/T. 

 

 

 

 



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© 2022 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. 

Table 1. Composition of experimental diets of broiler chicks. 

Grower-Finisher diet Starter diet Ingredients 

65.2 57.5 Yellow corn 

21.0 25.6 Soybean meal 
8.0 10.5 Corn gluten  
1.0 1.5 Sun-flower meal oil 
1.8 1.8 Di-Calcium Phosphate 

2 2 Limestone 

0.3 0.3 Salt 
0.3 0.3 Premix 

0.1 0.1 Methionine 

0.3 0.4 Lysine 

100 100 Total 
Calculated analysis (As Fed Basis: [14]) 

3061 3050 Metabolizable energy (ME), 
kcal/kg 

20.1 23.1 Crude protein (CP), % 

3.85 4.15 Ether extract (EE), % 

3.01 3.19 Crude fiber (CF), % 

0.70 0.72 Total Phosphorus % 
0.46 0.47 Available Phosphorus% 

1.21 1.22 Calcium, % 

0.46 0.52 Methionine, % 

0.81 0.91 Methionine + Cystine,% 
1.05 1.62 Lysine, % 

 

2.1. Chicken Growth Performance 

Chicken’s live body weight (LBW) and feed intake (FI) were weekly recorded at replicate basis. Body weight 

gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. The cumulative means of LBW, FI, BWG, and FCR 

were calculated for the whole experimental period (0-42 days of age).  

 

2.2. Carcass traits of Broiler Chicks 

At the end of feeding trial (42 days of age), 5 chicks were randomly chosen from each treatment to perform 

slaughter test. Feed was withdrawn for 8 h. before slaughtering. Individual LBW of birds was recorded 

immediately before slaughtering. Carcass traits were recorded. Procedures for cleaning out were performed on the 

hot carcasses. Weights of carcass yield (CY) and edible organs were determined and expressed as a percentage of 

live body weight at slaughter. 

 

2.3. Serum Blood Parameters 

Five chicks from each treatment at 42 days of age were chosen to collect 5 serum blood samples. Blood serum 

was separated by centrifugation process at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes. Serum concentrations of total protein, 

Albumin, Globulin, Total lipids, Triglycerides, cholesterol, were measured by commercial kits (commercial kits: 

Spectrum Diagnostic kits S.A.E., Egyptian company of biotechnology, 2016).  

 

2.4. Estimation of Humoral Immune Response 

(IgG) Immunoglobulin G, (IgM) Immunoglobulin M, (IgA) Immunoglobulin A were measured by commercial 

kits in blood serum of chicks (commercial kits: Spectrum Diagnostic kits S.A.E., Egyptian company of 

biotechnology, 2016). 

 

 

 



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© 2022 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. 

2.5. Statistical Analysis 

Statistical processing of results was performed by using two-way analysis of variance of the general linear 

model (GLM) procedure of the SAS [15]. The significant differences between treatment means were separated by 

Tukey’s Multiple Range-test (P<0.05). The following statistical model was used: Yij = µ + Fi + Aj + FAij + eij. 

Where: Yij = observed traits; µ = the overall mean; Fi = effect of feed restriction; i= (0, 1, 2 and 3); Tj = effect of 

additive (Progut®); j = (1and 2); ETij = effect of interaction between feed restriction and additive Progut®; eij = 

experimental random error. 

 

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 

3.1. Growth Performance 

3.1.1. Live Body Weight of Chicks 

Table 2 showed final body weight (FBW) of chicks and total body weight gain were not affected by feed 

withdrawal or feed additive (Progut®) and the interaction between them. However, feed withdrawal and feed 

additive were enhanced numerically final body weight and body weight gain. Broiler chicks exposed feed 

withdrawal 12 hours/day during the 2nd week was decreased LBW compared with the group exposed feed 

withdrawal 6 hours/day. The interaction between feed withdrawal and feed additive did not affected in LBW at all 

the experimental periods and total weight gain. Our results agree with those of Van Der Klein, et al. [16] who 

showed that FBW on broiler chicks did not significantly affected by feed restriction. Jang, et al. [17] demonstrated 

that exposed broiler chicks to feed restriction had positive compensatory on growth at the total period. Khetani, et 

al. [6] reported that limited time feed of broiler chicks did not significantly affected on FBW compared with the 

control group. Tolkamp, et al. [18] found that FBW of broiler chicks was not different by used limited time feed 

due to feed restriction has associated with compensatory growth and enhanced FCR. 

 

Table 2. Effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on live body weight (kg) of broiler chick. 

Treatments 
Weeks of age 

Total body weight 
gain, kg 0-6 wks 

0 1 2 3 4 5 6  

Feed withdrawal 
A1 (0 h) 0.046 0.143 0.352ab 0.616 1.101 1.465 1.891 1.845 

A2 (6 h) 0.045 0.146 0.358a 0.641 1.080 1.511 1.977 1.932 
A3 (9 h) 0.045 0.146 0.335ab 0.618 1.048 1.499 1.986 1.940 
A4 (12 h) 0.045 0.152 0.327b 0.605 1.015 1.416 1.915 1.870 
SEM 0.001 0.003 0.008 0.018 0.024 0.033 0.040 0.040 
P value 0.127 0.123 0.027 0.553 0.095 0.188 0.288 0.283 
Feed additive 
B1 0.045 0.149 0.333b 0.646a 1.041 1.445 1.902 1.86 
B2(Progut) 0.045 0.144 0.353a 0.594b 1.082 1.500 1.982 1.94 
SEM 0.001 0.002 0.005 0.013 0.017 0.023 0.029 0.029 
P value 0.810 0.086 0.013 0.008 0.103 0.104 0.058 0.057 
Interactions AB 
A1×B1 0.046 0.145 0.347 0.673 1.101 1.453 1.855 1.809 
A1×B2 0.046 0.141 0.357 0.558 1.101 1.476 1.926 1.880 
A2×B1 0.045 0.148 0.351 0.657 1.054 1.468 1.920 1.876 
A2×B2 0.045 0.145 0.364 0.625 1.105 1.555 2.034 1.988 
A3×B1 0.045 0.146 0.320 0.636 1.019 1.451 1.922 1.877 
A3×B2 0.045 0.146 0.349 0.601 1.077 1.548 2.049 2.004 
A4×B1 0.046 0.158 0.312 0.617 0.988 1.409 1.910 1.864 
A4×B2 0.045 0.146 0.342 0.593 1.043 1.422 1.920 1.875 
SEM 0.001 0.004 0.011 0.026 0.034 0.046 0.057 0.057 
P value 0.569 0.453 0.686 0.269 0.812 0.726 0.738 0.741 

Note: A1 – 0 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A2 = 6 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A3 = 9 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week 
of age and A4 = 12 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age. 
B1 = without feed additive and B2 = with feed additive. 



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However, Zukiwsky, et al. [19] found that broiler exposed feed restriction had significantly increased FBW of 

broiler chicks compared with control group. Also, Abaseid, et al. [20] reported that feed withdrawal during 4th and 

5th  weeks of age had increased in FBW compared with control group. On the other hand, Orso, et al. [21] reported 

that FBW of broiler chicks was decreased due to feed restriction. 

Our results agree with those of Aristides, et al. [22] who observed that broiler growth performance did not 

effect by used yeast in broiler diets. Yalçın, et al. [23] reported that broiler fed diets containing yeast was not 

affected on FBW of broiler chicks. However, He, et al. [24] found that used yeast in broiler diets was improved 

FBW compared with control group. Also, Sun, et al. [25] found that broiler FBW increased by supplemented yeast 

in broiler diets. 

 

3.2. Feed Intake, Feed Conversion Ratio and Economic Efficiency of Broiler Chicks 

Data in Table 3 showed broiler chicks exposed to feed withdrawal during the 2nd week (9, 12 hours/day) was 

decreased FI compared with the control group in this week. Feed additive was decreased FI for the 2nd, 3rd and 4th 

weeks of age and total feed intake. Where broiler chicks diets supplemented with feed additive (Progut®) were 

significantly improved total FCR compared with the control group. Feed additive was significantly increased 

economic efficiency compared with that of the control group. The interaction between feed withdrawal and feed 

additive did not affect in FI at all experimental periods, FCR and economic efficiency. 

Our results partially agree with those of Shafiei, et al. [26] who found that used feed withdrawal time (6, 8, 10, 

12 hours/day) had decreased FI of broiler chicks at 2nd week of age but did not affect in FCR. Van Der Klein, et al. 

[16] showed that FCR of broiler chicks did not significantly affected by feed restriction. Abaseid, et al. [20] 

reported that feed withdrawal during the 4th and 5th weeks of age had not effect on TFI compared with control 

group however; FCR was improved by feed withdrawal of broiler chicks. Novel, et al. [27] found that FCR of 

broiler chicks did not significantly affected by reared broiler under feed restriction at levels (50% and 25%).  

On the contrary, Zukiwsky, et al. [19] found that broiler exposed feed restriction had significantly improved 

FCR of broiler chicks compared with control group. Orso, et al. [21] reported that FI of broiler chicks was 

decreased and FCR was improved compared with control by feed restriction. Butzen, et al. [7] determined that 

exposed broiler chicks to 20 % feed restriction at 8-16 day of age had improved FCR of broiler. Also, Romero, et al. 

[28] found that reared broiler under feed restriction had decreased FI on broiler. Urdaneta-Rincon and Leeson 

[29] reported that the improvement in economic efficiency by limited time feed on broiler chicks due to 

compensatory growth of broiler chickens and improved FCR. Lippens, et al. [30] showed that used feed withdrawal 

of broiler chicks improved FCR resulted improved in economic efficiency associated with decreased feed cost. 

Our results agree with those of Ahiwe, et al. [13] who found that broiler fed yeast (1.5 to 2g/kg diets) was 

significant improved FCR. Ding, et al. [31] reported that yeast supplemented in broilers diets was improved FCR. 

Sousa, et al. [10] showed that FI did not affected by used yeast (6%) in broiler diets but improved broiler FCR. 

Also, Sun, et al. [25] observed that broiler FI decreased and improved FCR by supplemented yeast in broiler diets. 

Haldar, et al. [32] found that used yeast in broiler diets improved FCR in broiler. In this meaning, Zhang, et al. 

[33] and Spring, et al. [34] reported that the improvement in FCR in broiler fed yeast in diets due to improving 

the digestibility of nutrients resulted by live yeast cell wall could alter the gastrointestinal microorganism to 

beneficial organisms.  

However, Cabuk, et al. [35] showed that broiler diets supplemented with yeast did not affected on FI and FCR 

compared with control group. 

 

3.3. Carcass Traits   

Table 4 showed the effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive on carcass traits of broiler chicks (Cobb 500). 

Carcass weight and parts percentages of broiler chicks were not affected by reared under feed withdrawal during 



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© 2022 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. 

the second week of age. Feed additive in broiler diets was decreased on liver and goblets percentage compared with 

the control. Also, the interaction between feed withdrawal and feed additive were no significant differences in 

carcass parts percentages. 

Our results agree with those of Zukiwsky, et al. [19] who observed that broiler exposed feed restriction had no 

effect on carcass parts percentage compared with control group. Sherif and Mansour [36] observed that broiler 

reared under feed withdrawal did not effected on carcass parts percentage. Van Der Klein, et al. [16] showed that 

carcass and parts percentage on broiler chicks did not significantly affected by feed restriction. David and Subalini 

[37] who reported that carcass and giblets percentages of broiler chickens did not affected by feed withdrawal (3, 5 

and 7 hours daily).  

 
Table 3. Effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on feed intake (kg), total feed conversion ratio and economic efficiency (%) of 
broiler chick. 

Treatments 
Feed intake/weeks of age 

Total Feed 
conversion 

ratio 

Economic 
efficiency 

1 2 3 4 5 6 TFI   

Feed withdrawal 
A1 (0 h) 0.122 0.299a 0.490 0.744 0.927 1.083 3.663 1.991 129.125 
A2 (6 h) 0.125 0.300a 0.502 0.738 0.946 1.106 3.716 1.931 135.625 
A3 (9 h) 0.120 0.265b 0.504 0.753 0.966 1.154 3.761 1.943 134.250 
A4 (12 h) 0.126 0.256b 0.507 0.710 0.930 1.085 3.612 1.935 135.000 
SEM 0.0045 0.0061 0.0094 0.0166 0.0145 0.0237 0.0496 0.0264 3.030 
P value 0.767 0.001 0.596 0.315 0.227 0.152 0.195 0.365 0.427 
Feed additive 
B1 0.125 0.301a 0.524a 0.775a 0.954 1.102 3.779a 2.041a 125.313b 

B2(Progut) 0.122 0.259b 0.477b 0.698b 0.931 1.112 3.597b 1.859b 141.688a 

SEM 0.0032 0.0043 0.0067 0.0118 0.0103 0.0168 0.0351 0.0187 2.143 
P value 0.550 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.132 0.702 0.001 0.001 0.001 
Interactions AB 
A1×B1 0.123 0.345 0.530 0.800 0.945 1.084 3.826 2.118 117.000 
A1×B2 0.121 0.253 0.450 0.688 0.909 1.082 3.501 1.864 141.250 
A2×B1 0.128 0.322 0.521 0.776 0.959 1.078 3.781 2.026 127.000 
A2×B2 0.122 0.279 0.483 0.701 0.934 1.135 3.651 1.837 144.250 
A3×B1 0.120 0.276 0.539 0.782 0.967 1.158 3.842 2.048 124.250 
A3×B2 0.120 0.253 0.469 0.724 0.965 1.150 3.680 1.837 144.250 
A4×B1 0.128 0.261 0.506 0.741 0.943 1.090 3.669 1.971 133.000 
A4×B2 0.125 0.250 0.508 0.679 0.916 1.080 3.556 1.898 137.000 
SEM 0.006 0.009 0.013 0.024 0.021 0.034 0.070 0.037 4.285 
P value 0.974 0.004 0.021 0.656 0.860 0.711 0.4263 0.118 0.130 
Note: a-b:  Means within column with different superscripts are significantly different. 
A1 – 0 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A2 = 6 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A3 = 9 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age and A4 
= 12 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age. 
B1 = without feed additive and B2 = with feed additive. 

 

However, Shafiei, et al. [26] found that used feed withdrawal time at 8, 10 hours/day had increased carcass 

weight of broiler chicks compared with other groups. Abaseid, et al. [20] reported that feed withdrawal during the 

4th and 5th weeks of age had increased in carcass of broiler chicks compared with control group.  

Our results agree with those of Yalçın, et al. [23] who reported that broiler fed diets containing yeast was not 

affected on carcass and parts percentage. Fathi, et al. [38] reported that used yeast in broiler diets did not 

significant effected in carcass and giblet weight. Chumpawadee, et al. [39] found that carcass and parts percentage 

did not affected by used yeast in broiler diets. Waldroup, et al. [40] reported that carcass weight of broiler chicks 

did not affected by supplementation of broiler diet with bio-mos mannan oligosaccharide. 

On the contrary, Ahiwe, et al. [13] found that broiler fed yeast (2g/kg diets) was significantly increased 

carcass percentage compared to control group. Yildirim, et al. [41] reported that used yeast in broiler diets did not 

significant effected in liver and gizzard weight.   



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3.4. Blood Parameters 

Table 5, 6, 7 showed that the effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on some serum blood 

characteristic and immunity of broiler chicks (Cobb 500). Serum blood characteristic of broiler chicks were not 

affected by reared under feed withdrawal during the second week of age. Feed additive supplemented on broiler 

diets had not significantly effect on serum blood characteristic, however significantly increased level of β globulin 

and decreased level of α globulin in serum blood. Also, the interaction between feed withdrawal and feed additive 

were not significantly difference in serum blood characteristic. 

Our results agree with those of Sherif and Mansour [36] who observed that broiler reared under feed 

withdrawal did not effected on plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, triglycerides and cholesterol of broiler 

chicks compared with the control group. Shafiei, et al. [26] found that plasma globulin; cholesterol and triglyceride 

values did not affected by used feed withdrawal with broiler chicks. Also, Xu, et al. [42] showed that the plasma 

total protein, albumin or globulin of broilers did not affected by reared broiler chicks under feed withdrawal.  

Afsharmanesh, et al. [43] found that broiler exposed of feed withdrawal did not effected on total cholesterol and 

triglycerides of blood broilers. Adeyemi, et al. [44] found that broiler exposed of feed withdrawal did not effected 

on serum concentrations of total protein, albumin and globulin.  

 

Table 4. Effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on carcass traits % of broiler chicks at 42 days of age. 

Treatments Live weight (g) Carcass % liver% Gizzard% Heart% giblet % TEP % 

Feed withdrawal   
A1 (0 h) 2340 71.249 2.557 1.401 0.561 4.519 75.767 
A2 (6 h) 2386 72.091 2.134 1.379 0.569 4.082 76.173 
A3 (9 h) 2264 72.305 2.294 1.216 0.596 4.106 76.411 
A4 (12 h) 2250 72.054 2.356 1.233 0.579 4.168 76.222 
SEM 63.1862 0.4407 0.1300 0.0769 0.0269 0.1766 0.4431 
P value 0.390 0.360 0.165 0.215 0.808 0.283 0.772 
Feed additive 
B1 2211b 71.814 2.484a 1.375 0.582 4.442a 76.256 
B2(Progut) 2409a 72.035 2.186b 1.239 0.570 3.996b 76.031 
SEM 44.6794 0.3116 0.0919 0.0543 0.0190 0.1249 0.3133 
P value 0.004 0.621 0.029 0.086 0.659 0.017 0.6146 
Interactions AB 
A1×B1 2274 71.332 2.736 1.566 0.551 4.853 76.185 
A1×B2 2406 71.165 2.378 1.237 0.570 4.185 75.349 
A2×B1 2212 72.172 2.322 1.544 0.568 4.434 76.605 
A2×B2 2560 72.010 1.946 1.214 0.570 3.730 75.740 
A3×B1 2228 71.851 2.412 1.224 0.597 4.233 76.084 
A3×B2 2300 72.759 2.176 1.208 0.595 3.980 76.738 
A4×B1 2130 71.902 2.467 1.168 0.612 4.247 76.149 
A4×B2 2370 72.206 2.246 1.298 0.545 4.089 76.295 
SEM 89.359 0.623 0.184 0.109 0.038 0.2497 0.627 
P value 0.438 0.802 0.962 0.101 0.691 0.601 0.5478 

Note: a-b:  Means within column with different superscripts are significantly different. 
A1 – 0 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A2 = 6 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A3 = 9 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age 
and A4 = 12 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age. 
B1 = without feed additive and B2 = with feed additive. 
TEP = total edible parts. 

 

Our results agree with those of He, et al. [24] who reported that used yeast in broiler diets did not effected in 

serum total protein, globulin, albumin and increased in LgG value. Sun, et al. [25] reported that broiler fed yeast in 

their diet increased serum IgA and IgG and not effected on total protein. Yalçın, et al. [23] reported that yeast 

supplemented in broiler diets did not effected in serum total protein, cholesterol and triglyceride. Fathi, et al. [38] 

reported that used yeast in broiler diets (1, 1.25, 1.5 g/kg) did not significant effected in IgG and IgM at 21 day of 

age compared with control group.  



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© 2022 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. 

On the contrary, Ding, et al. [31] found that addition yeast in broiler diets enhanced serum IgG in broilers 

indicate to improvement serum immunity. Orso, et al. [21] reported that IgY of serum was increased due to reared 

broiler chicks under feed restriction. Cotter, et al. [45] showed that the mannanoligosaccharides of live yeast has a 

role in improving the immune response by enhancing immunoglobulin production in poultry. 

 

3.5. Total Micro Flora Counts and Some Enzymes 

Table 8 showed the effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on total micro flora counts and some 

enzymes of broiler chicks (Cobb 500). Feed withdrawal and feed additive used in broiler diets had significantly 

decreased on total micro flora counts and E coil and enhanced lacto Bacillus, amylase and chymotrypsin. Interaction 

between feed withdrawal and feed additive Progut® were not significantly difference in total micro flora counts and 

some enzymes of broiler chicks.  

 

Table 5. Effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on serum blood parameters of broiler chicks. 

Treatments 
Total 

protein 
g/dl 

Albumin 
g/dl 

Globulin 
g/dl 

ALB/GLB 
R 

α 
globulin 

g/dl 

β 
globulin 

g/dl 

ɣ 
globulin 

g/dl 

Feed withdrawal   
A1 (0 h) 5.580 2.550 3.030 1.620 0.980 0.760 5.580 
A2 (6 h) 5.520 2.630 2.890 1.650 1.000 0.810 5.520 
A3 (9 h) 5.480 2.520 2.960 1.620 1.020 0.840 5.480 
A4 (12 h) 5.710 2.530 3.180 1.610 0.930 0.830 5.710 
SEM 0.102 0.094 0.135 0.038 0.039 0.034 0.102 
P value 0.417 0.836 0.480 0.893 0.419 0.377 0.417 
Feed additive 
B1 5.540 2.555 2.985 1.610 1.030a 0.775b 5.540 
B2 (Progut) 5.605 2.560 3.045 1.640 0.935b 0.845a 5.605 
SEM 0.072 0.066 0.095 0.027 0.028 0.024 0.072 
P value 0.528 0.958 0.660 0.441 0.021 0.051 0.528 
Interactions AB 
A1×B1 5.720 2.600 3.120 1.620 1.080 0.740 5.720 
A1×B2 5.440 2.500 2.940 1.620 0.880 0.780 5.440 
A2×B1 5.420 2.600 2.820 1.620 1.000 0.780 5.420 
A2×B2 5.620 2.660 2.960 1.680 1.000 0.840 5.620 
A3×B1 5.400 2.560 2.840 1.660 1.120 0.780 5.400 
A3×B2 5.560 2.480 3.080 1.580 0.920 0.900 5.560 
A4×B1 5.620 2.460 3.160 1.540 0.920 0.800 5.620 
A4×B2 5.800 2.600 3.200 1.680 0.940 0.860 5.800 
SEM 0.144 0.132 0.191 0.054 0.055 0.049 0.144 
P value 0.297 0.771 0.724 0.242 0.086 0.859 0.297 

Note: a-b:  Means within column with different superscripts are significantly different. 
A1 – 0 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A2 = 6 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A3 = 9 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd 
week of age and A4 = 12 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age. 
B1 = without feed additive and B2 = with feed additive. 
 

Table 6. Effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on serum blood parameters of broiler chicks. 

Treatments Total lipids mg/dl Triglycerides mg/dl Cholesterol mg/dl 

Feed withdrawal   
A1 (0 h) 5.870 179.600 211.200 
A2 (6 h) 5.750 178.100 206.500 
A3 (9 h) 5.780 173.000 202.100 
A4 (12 h) 5.530 178.800 210.200 
SEM 0.258 2.751 3.237 
P value 0.816 0.335 0.203 
Feed additive 
B1 5.920 176.900 206.700 
B2 (Progut) 5.545 177.850 208.300 
SEM 0.182 1.946 2.289 
P value 0.156 0.732 0.625 



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Treatments Total lipids mg/dl Triglycerides mg/dl Cholesterol mg/dl 

Interactions AB 
A1×B1 6.000 180.800 212.000 
A1×B2 5.740 178.400 210.400 
A2×B1 6.400 176.200 205.000 
A2×B2 5.100 180.000 208.000 
A3×B1 5.860 178.200 199.600 
A3×B2 5.700 167.800 204.600 
A4×B1 5.420 172.400 210.200 
A4×B2 5.640 185.200 210.200 
SEM 0.365 3.891 4.578 
P value 0.211 0.037 0.889 
Note: A1 – 0 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A2 = 6 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A3 = 9 feed withdrawal time 
at the 2nd week of age and A4 = 12 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age. 
B1 = without feed additive and B2 = with feed additive. 

 

Table 7. Effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on immunity serum blood parameters of broiler chicks. 

Treatments IgG mg/100ml IgM mg/100ml IgA mg/100ml 

Feed withdrawal   
A1 (0 h) 9.975 2.540 0.825 
A2 (6 h) 10.030 2.540 0.814 
A3 (9 h) 9.958 2.511 0.842 
A4 (12 h) 9.999 2.528 0.818 
SEM 0.040 0.040 0.015 
P value 0.614 0.949 0.585 
Feed additive 
B1 9.976 2.507 0.816 
B2 (Progut) 10.005 2.553 0.834 
SEM 0.028 0.028 0.011 
P value 0.474 0.253 0.260 
Interactions AB 
A1×B1 9.982 2.558 0.824 
A1×B2 9.968 2.522 0.826 
A2×B1 9.984 2.528 0.804 
A2×B2 10.076 2.552 0.824 
A3×B1 9.980 2.464 0.850 
A3×B2 9.936 2.558 0.834 
A4×B1 9.958 2.476 0.786 
A4×B2 10.040 2.580 0.850 
SEM 0.057 0.056 0.022 
P value 0.545 0.574 0.303 

Note: IgG= Immunoglobulin G; IgM= Immunoglobulin M; IgA= Immunoglobulin A. 
A1 – 0 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A2 = 6 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A3 = 9 feed withdrawal time 
at the 2nd week of age and A4 = 12 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age. 
B1 = without feed additive and B2 = with feed additive. 

 

Our results agree partially with Lunedo, et al. [46] who found that used feed restriction on broiler chicks 

reduced Enterococcus and Enter bacteriaceae enhanced Lactobacillus counts. Shafiei, et al. [26] found that used feed 

withdrawal time at 8, 10 hours/day had not effected on E. coli count however, Lactobacilli count was enhanced by 

exposed broiler chicks 12 h feed withdrawal. Also, Siegerstetter, et al. [47] reported that broiler exposed high feed 

restriction improved lactobacillus and decreased Escherichia/Shigella. Yan, et al. [48] reported that broiler exposed 

feed restriction had increased beneficial macrobiotic indicate to improved digestion in digestive tract.  

Our results agree partially with Ahiwe, et al. [13] who found that broiler fed yeast (1.5 to 2g/kg diets) was 

significantly enhanced trypsin and chymotrypsin of birds. Ogbuewu, et al. [49] found that account pathogenic 

bacteria decreased in gut intestine due to increased acidic in intestine by used yeast in broiler diets. Yalçın, et al. 

[23] reported that broiler fed diets containing yeast decreased E. coli colonization and increased total aerobic 

bacteria in jejunum and ileum of the broilers.  

 

https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/test-iga.html


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© 2022 Conscientia Beam. All Rights Reserved. 

Table 8. Effects of feed withdrawal and feed additive (Progut®) on total micro flora counts in broiler intestine and some enzymes of broiler 
chicks. 

Note: a-c:  Means within column with different superscripts are significantly different. 
A1 – 0 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A2 = 6 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age, A3 = 9 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age and A4 = 
12 feed withdrawal time at the 2nd week of age. 
B1 = without feed additive and B2 = with feed additive. 

Treatments 
Total Bacteria 

count 
E. Coli 

Lacto 
bacillus. 

Amylase Lipase Trypsin 
Chemo-
trypsin 

Feed withdrawal   
A1 (0 h) 12.875a 6.580a 6.105c 3.032c 10.050 27.413a 18.948b 

A2 (6 h) 11.088c 5.422b 6.653a 3.248a 11.215 25.305b 18.463b 

A3 (9 h) 11.782b 5.522b 6.542ab 3.180b 12.392 27.592a 20.665a 

A4 (12 h) 10.912c 5.367b 6.402b 3.042c 14.058 26.997a 21.117a 

SEM 0.059 0.065 0.035 0.015 1.082 0.413 0.132 

P value 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.097 0.005 0.001 

Feed additive 
B1 12.957a 6.915a 4.868b 3.116 12.224 26.154b 19.212b 

B2 (Progut) 10.372b 4.530b 7.983a 3.135 11.633 27.499a 20.385a 

SEM 0.042 0.046 0.024 0.011 0.765 0.292 0.093 
P value 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.218 0.593 0.005 0.001 
Interactions AB 
A1×B1 14.800 8.170 4.280 3.200 10.130 27.223 19.133 
A1×B2 10.950 4.990 7.930 2.863 9.970 27.603 18.763 
A2×B1 12.563 6.520 5.193 3.113 10.650 24.020 16.873 
A2×B2 9.613 4.323 8.113 3.383 11.780 26.590 20.053 
A3×B1 12.713 6.520 5.153 3.150 11.730 27.040 19.940 
A3×B2 10.850 4.523 7.930 3.210 13.053 28.143 21.390 
A4×B1 11.750 6.450 4.843 3.000 16.387 26.333 20.900 
A4×B2 10.073 4.283 7.960 3.083 11.730 27.660 21.333 
SEM 0.084 0.091 0.049 0.021 1.531 0.584 0.187 
P value 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.215 0.336 0.001 

 

4. CONCLUSION 

The obtained results suggested that feed withdrawal used during the second week had not effect on broiler 

performance, carcass traits and serum blood characteristics and improved lacto Bacillus, amylase and chymotrypsin. 

Feed additive (Progut®) in broiler diets improved broiler growth performance and improved intestinal health. 

 

Funding: This study received no specific financial support.    
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.  
Authors’ Contributions: All authors contributed equally to the conception and design of the study. 

 

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