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ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 9 • 2018 • 2

CONFFERENCE REPORT 
“SKELETAL MUSCLE: FROM MOLECULES TO FUNCTION”

Padua, Italy, 1st October 2018

It was a handful of students, almost eight centuries ago, who founded one of the first 
universities in Europe: 1222 marked the birth of the University of Padua, destined 
to welcome teachers such as Galileo Galilei and Andreas Vesalius (from: http://
www.unipd.it).

Prof. Carlo Reggiani began his academic journey at the University of Pavia back in 
1974. After spending 5-years learning in the laboratory of prof. Paul Edman at the Uni-
versity of Lund, he was appointed as an Associate Professor at the University of Pavia 
in 1984 and in November 1999 he joined the Medical School staff as a full professor at 
the University of Padua, one of the oldest universities. 

October 1st 2018 marked another great day in the life of the University of Padua and 
Carlo’s friends and colleagues. Carlo celebrated his 70th birthday and announced his re-
tirement. Along with attending the Conference devoted to his achievements, we had an 
opportunity to envisage his great achievements and anecdotes during the presentations 
by his friends, students and colleagues. The Conference was organised by his colleague 
and friend, Prof. Marco Narici, in Aula Magna of Palazzo Bo, a historical mecca of 
physicians. Saving the best for the last, Carlo’s talk began with a story of Scheherazade.

The king Shahryar found out that his first wife was unfaithful to him. He thus re-
solved to marry a new virgin each day as well as behead the previous day’s wife, 
so that she would have no chance to be unfaithful to him. He had killed 1,001 such 
women by the time he was introduced to Scheherazade. Once in the king’s cham-
bers, Scheherazade’s sister asked her to tell a story during the long night. The king 
lay awake and listened to Scheherazade told her first story. The night passed by and 
Scheherazade stopped in the middle. The king asked her to finish, but Scheherazade 
said there was no time, as dawn was breaking. So, the king spared her life for one 
day to finish the story the next night. The following night, Scheherazade finished the 
story and then began a second, even more exciting tale, which she again stopped 
halfway through at dawn. Again, the king spared her life for one more day, so she 
could finish the second story.  And so, the king kept Scheherazade alive day by day, 
and at the end of 1,001 nights, and 1,000 stories, the king had fallen in love with 
Scheherazade (summarised from: Scheherazade).

And similarly to the stories of Scheherazade, Carlo experimented in thousands of 
muscle fibres from animals, humans, young, old, athletic, sedentary, himself, etc. Pre-



ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 9 • 2018 • 2

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paring each intact fibre under the microscope for 30-60 minutes to investigate its con-
tractile properties. And finally, allowing time for one more. And another.

His work was enormous (more than 220 scientific articles, and more than 8000 
citations) and we are proud to share bits of his academic career. We have collaborated 
in six scientific articles since 2008, reporting data from the studies where we listened, 
learned, discussed, and had fun.

We compared the responses of older and young men to 14 days of bed rest and 
subsequent rehabilitation. The effect of inactivity on muscle mass and function was 
greater in older men, whereas metabolic alterations were greater in young men. 
Recovery of preinactivity conditions occurred more slowly in older men. The results 
emphasize the importance of avoiding or minimizing the periods of inactivity in old 
age (Pišot, Reggiani, Šimunič, et al. J Appl Physiol, 2016).

As we jointly discovered, it is important to know that we need to compensate for old 
age and to avoid periods of inactivity.

Dear Carlo, since your thirties, you have lost 6 kilos of muscle fibres. That is the 
exact amount found in this prosciutto. Most of muscle loss is due to decrease of 



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ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 9 • 2018 • 2

daily physical activity, therefore you will need to increase it for what you will need 
this exercise T-shirt. To support your exercise, you will need to increase intake of 
certain carotenes, minerals and vitamins. You will find them in this bottle of olive 
oil; however, for the vitamin D you will need to expose yourself to the sun. Which 
we believe you will have no trouble during your retirement. Blood will distribute 
your nutrition to your new working muscle and for that purpose you will need to 
compensate for the lost blood. To compensate for plasma and erythrocyte volume 
you will need to ingest these two bottles of Malvasia and Refosco wine, respectively. 
(from the presentation of Rado Pišot and Boštjan Šimunič)

It was a great pleasure that our Institute for Kinesiology Research took part at this 
Conference and that you also cooperated with our Institute. Thank you, Carlo!

Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot 
and other members of the Institute for Kinesiology Research



ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 9 • 2018 • 2

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POROČILO IZ KONFERENCE 
»SKELETNE MIŠICE: OD MOLEKULE DO FUNKCIJE«

Padova, Italija, 1. oktober 2018

Bila je le peščica študentov, ki je pred skoraj osmimi stoletji ustanovila eno prvih 
univerz v Evropi. Leto 1222 predstavlja rojstvo Univerze v Padovi, ki bo kasneje 
gostila tako pomembne učitelje, kot sta bila Galileo Galilei in Andreas Vesalius 
(povzeto po: http://www.unipd.it).

Prof. Carlo Reggiani je začel svoje akademsko pot na Univerzi v Pavii v Italiji leta 
1974. Kasneje se je pet let izpopolnjeval v laboratoriju prof. Paula Edmana na Univerzi 
v Lundu na Švedskem, leta 1984 pa je bil imenovan za izrednega profesorja na Univer-
zi v Pavii. Novembra leta 1999 se je kot redni profesor pridružil osebju ene najstarejših 
univerz na Fakulteti za medicino in kirurgijo Univerze v Padovi.

1. oktober 2018 označuje še en pomemben dan za Univerzo v Padovi in za vse pri-
jatelje in kolege Carla Reggianija. Ta dan je namreč hkrati praznoval 70. rojstni dan in 
odhod v pokoj. Ob konferenci, posvečeni njemu v čast, smo imeli priložnost podoživeti 
nekaj utrinkov iz njegove bogate kariere skozi predstavitve njegovih znanstvenih do-
sežkov pa tudi anekdot iz življenja, skozi oči njegovih prijateljev, študentov in kolegov. 
Konferenco je organiziral njegov prijatelj in znanstveni kolega prof. Marco Narici v t. 
i. Veliki predavalnici (Aula Magna) v znameniti univerzitetni palači Bo, ki je še danes 
neke vrste zgodovinska Meka vseh zdravnikov. Carlo je svoj nagovor na kongresu pri-
čel z znano zgodbo o Šeherezadi:

Sultan Šahrijar je ugotovil, da mu je bila njegova prva žena nezvesta. Odločil se je, 
da se bo vsak dan poročil z novo devico, hkrati pa bo vsak dan dal obglaviti svojo 
ženo iz prejšnjega dne. Prepričan je bil, da bo lahko le tako preprečil svoji ženi ne-
zvestobo. Do tistega dne, ko so mu kot novo nevesto predstavili Šeherezado je ubil 
že tisoč in eno dekle. Ko je bila Šeherezada v sultanovih sobanah, je svojega moža 
prosila, če se lahko pred usmrtitvijo še poslovi od svoje sestre in on ji je to dovo-
lil. Sestra je Šeherezado prosila, naj pove kakšno zgodbo, da bo dolga noč hitreje 
minila. Tudi sultan, ki je ležal poleg, je poslušal Šeherezadino prvo zgodbo. Noč je 
minila in Šeherezada je nehala pripovedovati, čeprav zgodba še ni bila končana. 
Sultan jo je prosil, naj zgodbo dokonča, vendar ga je ona zavrnila, da ni dovolj 
časa, saj se zunaj že dani. Sultan je sklenil, da jo bo pustil pri življenju še en dan, 
da bi lahko dokončala zgodbo naslednjo noč. Toda naslednjo noč, ko je Šeherezada 
prvo zgodbo končala, je takoj pričela pripovedovati drugo, še bolj zanimivo. Pri-
povedovanje te druge zgodbe je prav tako prekinila na sredini ob zori naslednjega 
dne. Šahrijar jo je ponovno pomilostil za en dan, da bi lahko ponoči dokončala 
pripoved druge zgodbe. Tako si je Šeherezada noč za nočjo podaljševala življenje z 
vedno novimi zgodbami. Ko je minila tisoč in ena noč in mu je povedala tisoč zgodb, 



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ANNALES KINESIOLOGIAE • 9 • 2018 • 2

se je sultan Šahrijar zaljubil v Šeherezado in jo dokončno pomilostil. (povzeto po: 
Tisoč in ena noč)

Podobno kot je Šeherezada prepletala svoje zgodbe, je Carlo eksperimentiral z na 
tisoče mišičnimi vlakni živali, ljudi, mladih in starih, športnikov in ostalih in ne naza-
dnje samega sebe. Vsako vlakno posebej je pod mikroskopom pripravljal 30-60 minut, 
da bi lahko nato preveril njegove kontraktilne lastnosti. In vedno je našel čas za še eno 
… in še eno …

Njegovo znanstveno delo je ogromno (več kot 220 znanstvenih člankov, preko 8000 
citatov) in ponosni smo, da smo lahko delček njegove akademske kariere. Od leta 2008 
dalje smo sodelovali pri pripravi šestih znanstvenih člankov, v katerih smo poročali o 
rezultatih znanstvenih raziskav pri katerih smo poslušali, se učili, diskutirali in se tudi 
zabavali.

Primerjali smo učinke 14-dnevne popolne gibalne neaktivnosti v študiji »bed rest« 
med starejšimi in mlajšimi moškimi in rehabilitacije, ki je temu sledila. Učinek ne-
aktivnosti na mišično maso in funkcionalnost je bil večji pri starejših, medtem ko 
so bile pri mlajših ugotovljene večje metabolne spremembe. Rehabilitacija po ne-
aktivnosti je bila počasnejša pri starejših moških. Rezultati kažejo na velik klinični 
pomen skrajševanja period neaktivnosti pri starejših (Pišot, Reggiani, Šimunič, et 
al. J Appl Physiol, 2016)

Kot smo skupaj dognali, se moramo zavedati, da je potrebno starost kompenzirati in 
se izogibati obdobjem neaktivnosti.

Dragi Carlo, od tvojih tridesetih let si izgubil 6 kilogramov mišičnih vlaken. Na-
tanko toliko jih je v pršutu, ki ti ga podarjamo. Izguba mišičnih vlaken je večinoma 
posledica upada dnevne gibalne aktivnosti, kar boš moral nadomestiti in pri tem 
naj ti bo v pomoč ta športna majica. Za boljšo vadbo boš moral povečati vnos ne-
katerih karotenov, mineralov in vitaminov, ki so vsi prisotni v tej steklenici oljčnega 
olja. Kljub temu pa boš moral poskrbeti še za zadostno količino vitamina D in se 
za to dovolj izpostavljati sončnim žarkom, kar sedaj, ko si v pokoju, ne bi smel biti 
problem. Kri bo hranila prenašala do tvojih na novo pridobljenih mišičnih vlaken in 
potrebno bo nekako dopolniti zalogo krvi. Da boš imel v prihodnje dovolj plazme in 
eritrocitov, boš moral zaužiti ti dve steklenici malvazije in refoška. (iz predstavitve 
Rada Pišota in Boštjana Šimuniča)

   V veliko zadovoljstvo nam je bilo, da je lahko Inštitut za kineziološke raziskave 
ZRS Koper sodeloval na tej konferenci in hkrati, da si tudi ti del našega Inštituta. Hvala 
Carlo!

Boštjan Šimunič, Rado Pišot 
in ostali člani Inštituta za kineziološke raziskave ZRS Koper


