MASSA_corretto_Layout 6 829 INGV strong-motion data web-portal: a focus on the Emilia seismic sequence of May-June 2012 Marco Massa*, Sara Lovati, Dario Sudati, Gianlorenzo Franceschina, Emiliano Russo, Rodolfo Puglia, Gabriele Ameri, Lucia Luzi, Francesca Pacor, Paolo Augliera Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Milano/Pavia, Milano, Italy ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, 55, 4, 2012; doi: 10.4401/ag-6120 1. Introduction In Italy, strong-motion monitoring was started in 1972 by different Institutions, although mainly through Ente Nazionale per l'Energia Elettrica (ENEL; Italian National Electricity Company) and Dipartimento della Protezione Civile (DPC; Italian Department of Civil Protection), with different purposes. These included permanent acceleromet- ric monitoring and temporary monitoring during seismic se- quences or before permanent installation. Today, the National Accelerometric Network (RAN; Rete Accelero- metrica Nazionale) [Gorini et al. 2010, Zambonelli et al. 2011] is operated by the DPC and consists of 464 digital sta- tions. These are distributed throughout the whole national territory, with a prevalence for areas of major seismicity. In 2006, the INGV began strong-motion monitoring, by installing 22 accelerometric stations in northern Italy (RAIS; Rete Accelerometrica Italia Settentrionale; Accelerometric Network of Northern Italy; http://rais.mi.ingv.it/). In 2008, the monitoring was extended to a national scale: this effort led to the installation of 105 accelerometers, collocated with the velocimetric sensors, in selected Rete Sismica Nazionale (RSN; National Seismic Network) sites [Amato and Mele 2008] that are managed by the Centro Nazionale Terremoti (CNT; National Earthquake Centre). Overall, the 127 strong- motion stations that form the INGV Italian strong-motion network homogeneously cover the whole Italian territory. The progress achieved in Italy in the field of strong-mo- tion monitoring and strong-motion data archiving and dis- semination was illustrated in a recently published special issue of the Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering [Luzi et al. 2010]. The strong-motion data recorded by the RAN have been distributed and are available on request to the DPC and to the Italian Accelerometric Archive (ITACA), as the Italian strong-motion database (http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/) [Pacor et al. 2011a], which has been updated with records to 2009. The INGV strong-motion data are archived in real-time and dis- tributed through the European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA; http://eida.rm.ingv.it/) web portal. Recently, an INGV working group developed the first version of a web portal with the aim of archiving, processing and distributing accelerometric data recorded by permanent and temporary INGV stations. This web portal (www.mi. ingv.it/ISMD/; Figure 1, top panel) is composed of two main modules: the former is known as the INGV Strong Motion Data (ISMD, www.mi.ingv.it/ISMD/ismd.html/; Figure 1, bottom left panel) and has as its main scope the analyse and distribution in quasi-real time (a few hours after event oc- currence) of the uncorrected accelerometric data, and the related metadata obtained after an automatic processing pro- cedure. This latter, known as the Dynamic Archive (DYNA, http://dyna.mi.ingv.it/DYNA-archive/; Figure 1, bottom right panel) is a dynamic database where manually post- processed accelerometric waveforms are provided, together with their metadata. Both of these archives are designed and structured in such a way that their compilations and updat- ing will be almost completely automatic. At the end of May 2012, a first prototype of the ISMD module was published, providing the uncorrected strong- motion data recorded by the INGV stations for the main events of the Emilia seismic sequence [Massa et al. 2012]. 2. The INGV strong-motion data: quasi real-time automatic strong-motion analyses The ISMD module (www.mi.ingv.it/ISMD/ismd.html/) is distributed in quasi-real-time (a few hours after an earth- quake occurrence), as the INGV uncorrected accelerometric data and related strong-motion parameters, as obtained after automatic processing. Possible delays in data publishing de- pend on the number of requests made by users to EIDA. ISMD now includes about 2,000 uncorrected strong-mo- tion waveforms that relate to the events with 4.0 ≤ ML ≤ 5.9 that occurred in the central part of the Padano-Emiliana Article history Received July 20, 2012; accepted August 23, 2012. Subject classification: Strong-motion data, Web portal, Data processing. 2012 EMILIA EARTHQUAKES Plain (northern Italy) from May 20 to June 12 (Figure 2, left panel). The data were recorded by all of the INGV perma- nent and temporary strong-motion stations that were in- stalled in northern Italy, including from the RSN [Amato and Mele 2008], the RAIS (http://rais.mi.ingv.it/) [Augliera et al. 2011] and the INGV temporary network [Moretti et al. 2012, Bordoni et al. 2012, this volume], with latitudes ≥43.5 ˚N. The locations and local magnitudes, ML, that are reported on the web site were provided by the CNT of INGV (http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/). An automatic procedure has the main aim to publish on the web site both the metadata (provided after automatic data processing) and downloadable waveforms in uncor- rected ASCII format. Starting from the origin time of each earthquake (provided by the CNT), the procedure automat- ically downloads 5 min of Mini-SEED continuous signal from EIDA (http://eida.rm.ingv.it/). Soon after the data download, the automatic data processing starts. It includes: (i) baseline correction, to have a zero-mean signal and to re- move any linear trend, computed with a least square method; (ii) tapering of the signal through a 1% cosine function at the beginning and at the end of each selected window; (iii) ap- plication of a 4th order Butterworth band-pass acausal [Boore and Akkar 2003] filter to remove the high-frequency and low-frequency noise. The filter cut-off thresholds are au- tomatically selected on the basis of the event magnitude (i.e., MASSA ET AL. 830 Figure 1. INGV strong-motion data web portal: home page (top panel); ISMD home-page (bottom left); DYNA home page (bottom right). 831 0.1-40 Hz for ML ≥5.5; 0.2-35 Hz for 4.5 ≤ML <5.5; 0.3-35 Hz for 3.5 ≤ML <4.5). Given the characteristic of the digital stations, no in- strumental correction is applied. Starting from the automat- ically processed data, velocity waveforms are obtained by integration of the acceleration traces. Peak ground acceler- ation (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV) and 5%-damped acceleration response spectra (SA) for periods up to 4 s are calculated. Note that for events with magnitudes <4.5, the SA should be only considered in the frequency range defined by the low-pass and high-pass filters. The automatic system also provides 5%-damped pseudo-velocity response spectra, 5%-damped displacement response spectra, Arias intensities (Ia) [Arias 1970] and Hous- ner intensities (Ih) [Housner 1952]. For each recording sta- tion, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratios (HVSRs) are automatically calculated considering 5 s and 10 s of signal se- lected in correspondence with the more energetic portions of the seismograms. At the end, for each analyzed event, the automatic procedure generates an ad-hoc web page (see Figure 2, right panel, for the May 20, 2012, ML 5.9 main- shock) that shows the results in terms of static tables (text files), including PGA, PGV, Ia, Ih and SA (at periods of 0.3 s, 1.0 s, 3.0 s, as used for shake-map calculations) and generic plots (e.g., location of recording stations, HVSRs, response spectra, accelerograms). For the events with ML >5.0, the comparison between the recorded PGAs and Italian Ground Motion Prediction Equations [Bindi et al. 2011] is shown. For each analysed earthquake, the strong-motion data are downloadable in ASCII format: following the standards proposed by ITACA, the ASCII files are composed of 43 header lines followed by acceleration data in cm/s2. Moreover, the dynamic output files can be generated in Table format, e.g., specifying the time window, ground-mo- tion parameters (PGA and PGV), magnitudes, epicentral and hypocentral distance ranges, and Eurocode8 site category [CEN 2003]. At present, the preliminary site classification of the INGV stations is based on a lithological map at a national scale (1:100,000), which was developed by the INGV as part of the ShakeMap project in Italy [Michelini et al. 2008], as shown in Figure 2 of Di Capua et al. [2011]. 3. The DYNA archive The DYNA module (http://dyna.mi.ingv.it/DYNA- archive/) is a beta-version of the dynamic accelerometric database that is aimed at archiving and distributing the INGV strong-motion data and their relevant metadata. It is based on a relational database and its structure was greatly inspired by ITACA (http://itaca.mi.ingv.it/ItacaNet/). The first release of DYNA contained about 1,250 wave- forms related to 143 earthquakes (3.5 ≤ML ≤5.9) that occurred from February 2008 to July 2011. It was populated through a quasi-automatic procedure that considered two INGV data- bases: 1) the Italian Seismic Instrumental and Parametric data- base (ISIDe, http://iside.rm.ingv.it/iside) for events with ML ≥3.5; 2) EIDA (http://eida.rm.ingv.it/), for acceleromet- ric waveforms recorded by the INGV networks (i.e., the RSN, RAIS, MedNet; http://mednet.rm.ingv.it/rcmt.php). In June 2012, the strong-motion data relative to six events with magnitudes >5 (Table 1) that occurred during the Emilia sequence were made available on DYNA, together with their metadata. To publish the waveforms recorded for each event, the download of SEED volumes (fseed) from EIDA was fully au- tomated, starting from the twitter event alert service of the INGV ACCELEROMETRIC DATA WEB PORTAL Figure 2. Left: ISMD dataset collected during the Emilia 2012 seismic sequence and now available from the INGV strong-motion data web portal. Red, EC8 A soil category; green, EC8 B soil category; blue, EC8 C soil category [CEN 2003]. Right: web-page automatically generated a few hours after the May 20, 2012, ML 5.9 mainshock (see 'Last update: Sun May 20 11:38:18 UTC 2012'). INGV (http://twitter.com/ingvterremoti). In this way, we were able to obtain accelerometric waveforms in a time win- dow that generally spanned from some hours after an event occurrence to 24/48 h (depending on the number of requests made to EIDA). On the other hand, the compilation of the relational database behind the archive is still semi-automatic; however, in the near future, this will be turned into a fully automated procedure. The waveform data and earthquake, station and record information charged in the database after each event are taken from the INGV twitter account (i.e., event: origin time, latitude, longitude, depth, hypocenter reference, mag- nitude, magnitude type, magnitude reference) and from the SEED volumes (i.e., waveform: acceleration data, time of the first sample; network: code; station: code, name, latitude, longitude, elevation, start/end date; channel: location iden- tifier, latitude, longitude, elevation, depth, start/end date, name and some characteristics of the installed sensor). Figure 3 shows the May 29, 2012, 07:00:03 event page avail- able in the DYNA that lists for each station the epicentral dis- MASSA ET AL. 832 Origin Time (UTC) Longitude (˚E) Latitude (˚N) Depth [m] ML ISMD # stations DYNA # stations 120520 020352 11.230 44.890 6.3 5.9 30 52(50) 120520 020630 11.189 44.886 7.7 4.8 26 / 120520 020731 11.370 44.863 5.0 5.1 30 30(20) 120520 021146 11.370 44.840 7.8 4.3 31 / 120520 021242 11.220 44.820 20.4 4.3 29 / 120520 030250 11.100 44.860 10.0 4.9 30 / 120520 091321 11.241 44.879 3.1 4.2 28 / 120520 131802 11.490 44.831 4.7 5.1 28 51(39) 120520 173714 11.380 44.880 3.2 4.5 31 / 120523 214118 11.251 44.868 4.8 4.3 32 / 120527 181845 11.158 44.882 4.7 4.0 31 / 120529 070003 11.090 44.850 10.2 5.8 34 50(49) 120529 082551 10.943 44.901 3.2 4.5 35 / 120529 082723 11.106 44.854 10.0 4.7 34 / 120529 105557 11.008 44.888 6.8 5.3 33 56(42) 120529 110002 10.950 44.873 11.0 4.9 34 / 120529 110025 10.947 44.879 5.4 5.2 35 / 120531 190404 10.980 44.891 8.7 4.2 32 / 120603 192043 10.943 44.899 9.2 5.1 36 35(33) 120612 014836 10.888 44.880 10.8 4.3 27 / Table 1 (above). Emilia seismic sequence (ML ≥4) included in the INGV strong-motion data web portal. Only the events in bold are included in DYNA. The last two columns indicate the number of the recording sta- tions available in ISMD (soon after the occurrence of each earthquake) and the number of those included in DYNA after the manual processing (in brackets, the number of the processed stations). The earthquake loca- tions and magnitudes were provided by the official web site of the Na- tional Earthquake Center (CNT) of INGV Rome (preliminary data at http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/). Figure 3 (left). The May 29, 2012, 07:00:03 event web page, available on http://dyna.mi.ingv.it/DYNA-archive/. 833 tance, and the largest PGA, PGV and peak ground displace- ment (PGD) among the three components. The strong-motion data were manually post-processed by expert operators who adopt the procedure used for the ITACA dataset [Paolucci et al. 2011, Pacor et al. 2011b]. For this reason, the corrected data are published on the DYNA web site usually from some days to weeks after the earth- quake occurrence (depending on the accuracy that is re- quired, and also considering the features of the analysed waveforms). With respect to the quasi-real-time data pub- lished in the ISMD, in some cases, the manual post-process- ing allows us to download further data from EIDA, also some days after the earthquake origin time (when the EIDA nodes are busy or unavailable). 4. The Emilia seismic sequence dataset The ISMD dataset for the Emilia seismic sequence is composed of 20 events (670 three-component, uncorrected, strong-motion records) with 4.0 ≤ML ≤5.9 that occurred from May 20, 2012, to June 12, 2012, with epicentral distances up to 215 km. The data are characterized by 29 records with PGA >20 cm/s2, nine of which have PGA >50 cm/s2, four as >100 cm/s2, and two as >200 cm/s2. The maximum PGA (266 cm/s2) was recorded at the T819 temporary station for the June 3, 2012, ML 5.1 event (epicentral distance, 3 km). For the PGV, just seven records have values >5 cm/s, two of which are >10 cm/s. Also in this case, the maximum PGV was recorded at T819 for the June 3, 2012, ML 5.1 event (28 cm/s). For the two strongest events, which occurred on May 20, 2012, ML 5.9 (02:03:52) and May 29, 2012, ML 5.8 (07:00:03), the maximum PGAs were recorded at the MODE station (41 cm/s2; PGV, 6.3 cm/s) at 37 km from the epicen- ter, and at the T819 station (193 cm/s2; PGV, 14 cm/s) at 14 km from the epicenter, respectively. The DYNA dataset is composed of 233 three-component, manually processed, records, related to 6 events (see Table 1) with ML >5 that were characterized by epicentral distances of up to 300 km. The waveforms related to the ML 5.2 event of May 29, 2012, at 11:00:25 were not taken into account, as the signals over- lapped with those that referred to a previous event (ML 4.9) that occurred at 11:00:02. Confirming the results obtained by the ISMD automatic procedure, the most significant PGA is 260 cm/s2, which was recorded on June 3, 2012 (ML 5.1) at station T819 (PGV, 28 cm/s). Figure 4 shows an example of the processed wave- forms at the ASOL station for the May 29, 2012, 07:00:03 event. Note the surface waves arriving after the S-phase win- dow; i.e., between 80 s and 100 s on the displacement trace. This feature is observed for most of the strong-motion data, causing the occurrence of PGDs corresponding to the sur- face-waves window, probably due to the thick sedimentary cover of the Po Plain. This type of surface wave is still relatively rare to see on European accelerograms, although it is common, for exam- ple, in data from California, USA (e.g., Imperial Valley records from 1979). 5. Final remarks The INGV strong-motion data web portal (formed by the ISMD and DYNA modules) is aimed at collecting and dis- tributing waveforms and the associated metadata to be used for engineering applications and seismological studies. The INGV ACCELEROMETRIC DATA WEB PORTAL Figure 4. N-S component recorded at ASOL for the May 29, 2012, 07:00:03 event, in terms of the processed acceleration (upper panel) and displacement (bottom panel). These plots were downloaded from http://dyna.mi.ingv.it/DYNA-archive/. main novelty of the web portal is that the two modules are designed to be compiled and updated automatically, exploit- ing the automatic systems of the INGV for seismic alert and localization and the EIDA portal for archiving continuous real-time accelerometric waveforms. The current published version of the ISMD module con- tains the raw waveforms and relative metadata (i.e., velocity and displacement waveforms and accelerometric response spectra) for events with ML ≥4.0 of the Emilia seismic se- quence. The corrected accelerometric data for six events with magnitudes >5.0 are instead distributed through the DYNA module. The strong motion parameters (PGA and PGV) pro- vided by the automatic procedure soon after an earthquake origin time (for the Emilia seismic sequence, usually after a few hours) differ slightly from the values inferred from the corrected data (Figure 5) and represent high-quality infor- mation that can be used for quick analyses by a broad variety of users; moreover, the immediate availability of the un- processed waveforms included in ISMD allows skilful users to perform different data processing on the basis of their spe- cific requirements. Acknowledgements. The earthquake locations and magnitudes were provided by the official web site of the National Earthquake Centre of the INGV, Rome (preliminary at http://cnt.rm.ingv.it/, and then re- vised in the INGV official bulletin) that performs the official monitoring of the Italian territory (H 24). We thank both our INGV colleagues who developed the databases (http://iside.rm.ingv.it/iside; http://eida.rm. ingv.it/iside) from which a lot of information can be taken, and our INGV colleagues who were involved in the field activities for the Emilia 2012 seis- mic sequence. Comments and suggestions from J. Douglas and an anony- mous reviewer are strongly acknowledged. References Amato, A., and F. Mele (2008). Performance of the INGV Na- tional Seismic Network from 1997 to 2007, Annals of Geophysics, 51 (2/3), 417-431. Arias, A. (1970). A measure of earthquake intensity, In: R. Hansen (ed.), Seismic Design of Nuclear Power Plants, M.I.T. press, Cambridge. Augliera, P., M. Massa, E. D'Alema and S. Marzorati (2011). RAIS: a real time strong-motion network in northern Italy, Annals of Geophysics, 54 (1), 23-34. Bindi, D., F. Pacor, L. Luzi, R. Puglia, M. Massa, G. Ameri and R. Paolucci (2011). Ground motion prediction equa- tions derived from the Italian strong motion database, B. Earthq. Eng., 9, 1899-1920. Boore, D.M., and S. Akkar (2003). Effect of casual and acausal filters on elastic and inelastic spectra, Earthq. Eng. Struct. D., 32, 1729-1748. Bordoni, P., R.M. Azzara, F. Cara, R. Cogliano, G. Cultrera, G. Di Giulio, A. Fodarella, G. Milana, S. Pucillo, G. Riccio, A. Rovelli, P. Augliera, L. Luzi, S. Lovati, M. Massa, F. Pacor, R. Puglia and G. Ameri (2012). Preliminary results from EMERSITO, a rapid response network for site-effect studies, Annals of Geophysics, 55 (4); doi:104401/ag-6153. CEN (2003). prEN 1998-1- Eurocode 8: design of structures for earthquake resistance. P1: General rules, seismic ac- tions and rules for buildings, Draft 6, Doc CEN/TC250/ MASSA ET AL. 834 Figure 5. Maxima PGA (top) and PGV (bottom) for the May 20, 2012 (02:03:52 UTM), ML 5.9 event. Red squares, values obtained after the manual post pro- cessing (DYNA); blue crosses, values obtained after the quasi-real-time data processing (ISMD). Comparisons were performed at common recording stations. 835 SC8/N335, Jan 2003, Brussels. Di Capua, G., G. Lanzo, V. Pessina, S. Peppoloni and G. Scasserra (2011). The recording stations of the Italian strong-motion network: geological information and site classification, B. Earthq. Eng., 9, 1779-1796. Gorini, A., M. Nicoletti, P. Marsan, R. Bianconi, R. DeNardis, L. Filippi, S. Marcucci, F. Palma and E. Zambonelli (2010). The Italian Strong Motion Network, B. Earthq. Eng., 8, 1075-1090. Housner, G.W. (1952). Spectrum intensities of strong-mo- tion earthquakes, In: C.M. 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Overview of the Italian strong motion database ITACA 1.0, B. Earthq. Eng., 9 (6), 1723-1739; doi:10.1007/ s10518-011-9327-6. Pacor, F., R. Paolucci, G. Ameri, M. Massa and R. Puglia (2011b). Italian strong motion records in ITACA: overview and record processing, B. Earthq. Eng., 9, 1741-1759. Paolucci, R., F. Pacor, R. Puglia, G. Ameri, C. Cauzzi and M. Massa (2011). Record processing in ITACA, the new Ital- ian strong-motion database, In: S. Akkar, P. Gulkan and T. van Eck (eds.), Earthquake Data in Engineering Seismol- ogy, Geot. Geol. Earthquake, 14, 99-113. Zambonelli, E., R. De Nardis, L. Filippi, M. Nicoletti and M. Dolce (2011). Performance of the Italian strong-motion network during the 2009, L'Aquila seismic sequence (cen- tral Italy), B. Earthq. Eng., 9, 39-65. *Corresponding author: Marco Massa, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Milano/Pavia, Milano, Italy; email: marco.massa@mi.ingv.it. © 2012 by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia. 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