55.06.2012_Frontespizio&Prefazione_final:Layout 6 ANNALS of GEOPHYSICS Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia [55.06.2012_Special Issue] 5th European Repeat Station (MagNetE) Workshop Rome, Italy 2011 Editors Paola De Michelis Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy Gerald Duma Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics, Vienna, Austria 1051 PREFACE ANNALS OF GEOPHYSICS, 55, 6, 2012; doi: 10.4401/ag-6313 Repeat station measurements are designed specifically to represent and model the geomagnetic field and its secular variations on a regional scale with a level of detail that would not be achievable using only data from permanent geomagnetic observatories. Although geomagnetic repeat station surveys have a long tradition in many European countries, they were carried out independently in the individual countries. For this reason, it has been difficult for a long time to use the data efficiently for studies of geomagnetic secular variations of the whole European continent. Attempting to solve this problem at a European level, a working group was set up in 2003 at the first Workshop on European Geomagnetic Repeat Stations, which was organized by the GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ, Germany) at the Niemegk observatory. In the same year, this initiative was also acknowledged by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) and it is supported by IAGA Resolution #4, Division V. Later on, the working group was named MagNetE (Magnetic Network of Europe). The group aims to coordinate the national efforts to produce more homogeneous, high-quality geomagnetic vector data over the European continent. Three consecutive workshops were held in 2005, 2007 and 2009, in Warsaw, Bucharest and Helsinki, respectively, to ensure ongoing cooperation between the participants of more than 20 countries. Due to this common effort, it is now possible to use the repeat station data to study the main field, the secular variation, and to some extent, the lithospheric field at a continental scale in Europe. The stimulus that led to the conception of this special issue was the 5th MagNetE Workshop that was held in Rome, Italy, in May 2011, where more than 40 scientists from 20 countries presented the results of recent field surveys and discussed plans and strategies for future data acquisition and geomagnetic modelling efforts. The 12 papers published in this special issue represent only a subset of the scientific results presented at the 2011 symposium. These 12 contributions provide specific information on the numerous magnetic repeat station measurements that have been performed in Europe, and on the possible solutions to improve the quality of the repeat data. This special issue also shows one of the main results of the MagNetE working group: the European Declination Chart 2006. It is based on 382 magnetic repeat station measurements that were performed over the period of 2005-2007, and on the annual mean values of 42 observatories that are operated in 21 European countries. We gratefully acknowledge all of the reviewers of these papers for their valuable criticism, comments and suggestions that substantially improved the quality of the manuscripts, and we acknowledge the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) for hosting and financially supporting the 5th MagNetE Workshop. Paola De Michelis Gerald Duma Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica Central Institute for Meteorology e Vulcanologia, Roma, Italy and Geodynamics, Vienna, Austria << /ASCII85EncodePages false /AllowTransparency false /AutoPositionEPSFiles false /AutoRotatePages /None /Binding /Left /CalGrayProfile (Dot Gain 20%) /CalRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CalCMYKProfile (U.S. Web Coated \050SWOP\051 v2) /sRGBProfile (sRGB IEC61966-2.1) /CannotEmbedFontPolicy /Warning /CompatibilityLevel 1.3 /CompressObjects /Tags /CompressPages true /ConvertImagesToIndexed true /PassThroughJPEGImages true /CreateJobTicket false /DefaultRenderingIntent /Default /DetectBlends true /DetectCurves 0.1000 /ColorConversionStrategy /LeaveColorUnchanged /DoThumbnails false /EmbedAllFonts true /EmbedOpenType false /ParseICCProfilesInComments true /EmbedJobOptions true /DSCReportingLevel 0 /EmitDSCWarnings false /EndPage -1 /ImageMemory 1048576 /LockDistillerParams true /MaxSubsetPct 100 /Optimize false /OPM 1 /ParseDSCComments true /ParseDSCCommentsForDocInfo true /PreserveCopyPage true /PreserveDICMYKValues true /PreserveEPSInfo true /PreserveFlatness true /PreserveHalftoneInfo false /PreserveOPIComments false /PreserveOverprintSettings true /StartPage 1 /SubsetFonts true /TransferFunctionInfo /Apply /UCRandBGInfo /Preserve /UsePrologue false /ColorSettingsFile (None) /AlwaysEmbed [ true /AndaleMono /Apple-Chancery /Arial-Black /Arial-BoldItalicMT /Arial-BoldMT /Arial-ItalicMT /ArialMT /CapitalsRegular /Charcoal /Chicago /ComicSansMS /ComicSansMS-Bold /Courier /Courier-Bold /CourierNewPS-BoldItalicMT /CourierNewPS-BoldMT /CourierNewPS-ItalicMT /CourierNewPSMT /GadgetRegular /Geneva /Georgia /Georgia-Bold /Georgia-BoldItalic /Georgia-Italic /Helvetica /Helvetica-Bold /HelveticaInserat-Roman /HoeflerText-Black /HoeflerText-BlackItalic /HoeflerText-Italic /HoeflerText-Ornaments /HoeflerText-Regular /Impact /Monaco /NewYork /Palatino-Bold /Palatino-BoldItalic /Palatino-Italic /Palatino-Roman /SandRegular /Skia-Regular /Symbol /TechnoRegular /TextileRegular /Times-Bold /Times-BoldItalic /Times-Italic /Times-Roman /TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT /TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT /TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT /TimesNewRomanPSMT /Trebuchet-BoldItalic /TrebuchetMS /TrebuchetMS-Bold /TrebuchetMS-Italic /Verdana /Verdana-Bold /Verdana-BoldItalic /Verdana-Italic /Webdings ] /NeverEmbed [ true ] /AntiAliasColorImages false /CropColorImages true /ColorImageMinResolution 150 /ColorImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleColorImages true /ColorImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /ColorImageResolution 300 /ColorImageDepth -1 /ColorImageMinDownsampleDepth 1 /ColorImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeColorImages true /ColorImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterColorImages true /ColorImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /ColorACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /ColorImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000ColorImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 150 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.10000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /GrayImageDict << /QFactor 0.15 /HSamples [1 1 1 1] /VSamples [1 1 1 1] >> /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /JPEG2000GrayImageDict << /TileWidth 256 /TileHeight 256 /Quality 30 >> /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.08250 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict << /K -1 >> /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile (None) /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName (http://www.color.org) /PDFXTrapped /Unknown /CreateJDFFile false /SyntheticBoldness 1.000000 /Description << /ENU (Use these settings to create PDF documents with higher image resolution for high quality pre-press printing. 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