# app: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called app.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

> Health; Students; Brain; Depression; Pain; Anxiety; Group; Patients; Subjects; Body; Symptoms; Participants; Studies; Disorder; People; Disorders; Care; Trauma; Use; Effects; Intervention; Scale; Psychophysiology; Year; Time; Disease; Muscle; Post; Human; Vitamin; Nicotine; Pgn; Methylation; Award

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

## Health

- Depression, anxiety and stress among primary caregivers of thalassemia patients in Hyderabad by Rajput, Aatir H.; Nadeem, Faris; Kumar, Vikram (2015) - Existing literature also claims that caregivers of thalassemia patients are faced with higher incidence of developing psychological distress as compared to healthy children (Zafeiriou DI, 2006). Keywords ß-Thalassemia, Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Primary caregivers, Blood Transfusion, Chromic Illness. Keywords: caregivers; days; family; health; life; patients; thalassemia
- A Cross-sectional analysis of potential stressors leading to depression among medical students of public sector Universities of Sindh by Rajput, Aatir H.; Muneeb, Muhammad; Hanif, Tahir; Ali, Abid; Shaikh, Anam; Noor, Uraza; Shaikh, Usama (2016) - Keywords Stress, Depression and medical students. Although there are many case studies on depression since the 17th century but scientific interest on depression among medical students is developed recently. Keywords: depression; et al; health; medical; research; stress; students; studies; study
- Time to fix the perceived physical and psychiatric disanalogy by Haider, Anum (2017) - Health behaviour interventions to improve physical health in individuals diagnosed with a mental illness: A systematic review. - Expansion of health budget From the total health budget only 0.4% is allocated to mental health (Mental health atlas, 2014). Keywords: chronic; disorders; health; illness; problems; psychiatric
- Prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicidal cognition among the local population of Karachi, Pakistan by Bakht, Rakhshanda; Saeed, Tasmeena; Ahmed, Sadaf; Noushad, Shamoon (2017) - The questionnaire contains Beck’s scale of suicide cognition, Modified scale of suicide ideation and a detailed demographic profile. The prime objective of the study was to measure the prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide cognition among the local population of Karachi. Keywords: cognition; educational; figure; health; ideation; institute; research; suicide
- Obesity; An outcome of abnormal eating behavior by Mirza, Faizan (2018) - If a person takes in more calories beyond the capacity of the body to store it under the skin, it gets stored as visceral fat, around and in vital organs such as liver, pancreas, intestines that in turn release inflammatory mediators increasing vulnerability to non- communicable diseases (Chaldakov et al., 2003). An increased BMI in Childhood has been linked with a decline in cognitive functioning (Smith et al. 2011) poor performance in academics (Castelli et al., 2007) predisposition towards metabolic and cardiovascular disorders (Ebbelling et al., 2002) poor health and high risk of mortality (Must et al., 1992), suggesting that childhood obesity can actually be a greater concern than adult obesity. Keywords: diabetes; exercise; health; obesity
- Frequency of somatic complains among patients with mental illness by Haider, Anum; Asad, Usama (2018) - Beside Psychotropic use such as antipsychotics which have established role in causing obesity and metabolic syndrome, there is a complex interplay of neurobiological (genetics, leptin sensitivity, HPA axis), Psychological (Negative emotions, stress proneness, Type A Personality, hostility) and social factors (low social support, poverty, alcohol, substance use) in the presentation of physical health problems (Taylor et al., 2012 & Smith, 2011). Psychiatrists neglect patients with physical health problem, says study. Keywords: disorders; health; illness; medical; patients; physical; problems; study
- Bullying; A Psychosocial Stressor by Saleem, Yusra; Noushad, Shamoon; Kazmi, Shahana Urooj; Shaikh, Salman; Noor, Nabeela; Asim, Mariyam (2018) - School bullying and suicidal risk in Korean middle school students. Around 76% participants reported daily bullying events. Keywords: bullying; educational; figure; health; research; school; study; victims
- Dealing with the psychosocial and spiritual aspects in palliative care by Rehman, Naureen (2018) - Psychological, social and spiritual distress are common among palliative care patients and they often trigger the thoughts of accelerated death while physical symptoms have been treated that lead to demoralization and hopelessness (Fan et al., 2017). And they must work to find out patients spiritual needs and address them. Keywords: care; health; palliative; patient
- Influence of rising temperatures and heat waves on mental health outcomes: An alarming public health concern by Khan, Hina; Ahmed, Sadaf (2018) - Increasing temperatures, heat waves and mental health outcomes Research studies suggest role of increasing temperatures with adverse mental health outcomes (Hsiang et al., 2013). Methodology: Research studies with findings related to increasing temperatures, mental health and behavioural alterations, and psychopathological outcomes are highlighted in this review. Keywords: climate; et al; health; heat; mental
- Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress among healthcare professionals at tertiary care hospitals, Karachi – Pakistan by Ayub, Yameema; Anjum, Raheela; Margrat, Shabana; Ashraf, Azeem; Qayyum, Saira (2019) - Table 1: Socio-demographic characteristics of study participants Variables Sub-categories (n=260) Gender Male 126(48.5) Table 2: Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in study participants Score Severity Ratings Depression Anxiety Stress Normal 134(51.5) 103(39.6) 151(58.1) Keywords: anxiety; depression; health; prevalence; status; stress; study; symptoms; work
- The chaos of healing: Risking mental health amid COVID19 in Pakistan by Ahmed, Sadaf (2020) - Short Communication The chaos of healing: Risking mental health amid COVID19 in Pakistan Sadaf Ahmed Psychophysiology Research Lab, MAHQ Biological Research Centre, University of Karachi. The chaos of healing: Risking mental health amid COVID19 in Pakistan. Keywords: covid-19; field; health; interventions; pakistan
- Psychological Response & Perceived Risk Associated with Coronavirus Disease by Khan, Saima; Saleem, Yusra; Aziz, Syed A. (2020) - This might be due to the daily news depiction indicating rising figures of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases and pertinacious quarantine2. It is intended to explore the incidences of psychological distress and identify the perceived risks and protectiveness among general the population. Keywords: contact; coronavirus; covid-19; disease; health; measures; online; pandemic; respondents; risk; stress; study
- Assessing the beliefs about antidepressant medication and adherence to therapy in patients with major depressive disorders by Khan, Samia Perwaiz; Naqvi, Shagufta; Rizwan, Rabeea; Ansari, Mariam; Emad, Shaista; Khan, Habib ur Rahman; Akhtar, Aafia; Syed, Maniya; Ehsan, Naija; Moorad, Anas (2021) - Thus medication adherence is necessary to reduce the risk of suicidal tendencies and mortality in these patients. The study aimed to evaluate medication adherence and adherence to antidepressant therapy in patients with major depressive disorder. Keywords: adherence; belief; bmq; care; depression; disorder; drug; general; health; medication; patients; study; therapy
- Comparison of psychological well-being and life satisfaction between extended and nuclear family systems among students by Jahan, Kanwal; Ali, Saima Masoom (2021) - There are various advantages and disadvantages associated with both types of family systems. The measures includes personal and demographic information such as gender, age, number of siblings, residential area, and family systems. Keywords: family; family system; gender; health; life; nuclear; participants; satisfaction; structure; study; system
- Can attachment styles predict psychological and emotional well-being? by Masood, Shahana; Ali, Saima Masoom (2021) - ISSN 2412-3188 (Online) | 2410-1354 (Print) APP| Published By AEIRC| https://doi.org/10.29052/2412-3188.v8.i2.2021.76-85 Original Article Can attachment styles predict psychological and emotional well-being? Many studies have been conducted to identify the relationship of attachment styles and personality traits, physical and mental health. Keywords: attachment; attachment styles; child; health; mental; relationship; study; styles; wellbeing
- Sleep disturbances and lack of exercise: accumulating factors for altered BMI in medical students of public sector universities by Rizwan, Tehlil; Khan, Rabbiya; Imtiaz, Fauzia; Siddiqui, Sonia; Hussain, Muhammad Ashraf; Khalid, Farhia (2022) - No 154 (69.68) Table 2: The association of BMI with different sleep hours of medical students in Pakistan. Original Article Sleep disturbances and lack of exercises: accumulating factors for altered BMI in medical students of public sector universities Tehlil Rizwan1, Rabbiya Khan1, Fauzia Imtiaz1 , Sonia Siddiqui1 , Muhammad Ashraf Hussain2 & Farhia Khalid3 1Department of Biochemistry, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi-Pakistan 2National University of Health Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi-Pakistan 3Shaukat Omar Memorial Hospital, Fauji Foundation, Karachi-Pakistan Keywords: bmi; body; duration; exercise; health; hours; medical; obesity; pattern; sleep; sleeping; students; study; table; weight
- Assessment of Burnout Syndrome and Physical Activity of the University Teachers – A cross-sectional Observational Study by Wahab, Qazi Noor Ul; Din, Zia Ud; Jahanzeb, Muhammad; Ullah, Saleem; Abbas, Muhammad (2022) - The main objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome and the level of physical activity in university teachers. Methodology: The sample of university teachers (n=505) was drawn from 14 public/private universities in Peshawar using a partly convenient, non- probabilistic method based on an exhaustive and up-to-date database of all universities in Peshawar. Keywords: activity; burnout; dimensions; health; level; study; syndrome; teachers; universities; university; work
- Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression, and job dissatisfaction in health care professional dealing with covid-19 patients by Arzoo, Afshan; Ali, Saima Masoom (2022) - This study aims to evaluate stress, anxiety, and depression with job satisfaction in health care professionals treating COVID-19 Patients. The main aim of this study is to study the stress, anxiety, and depression with job satisfaction among health care professionals dealing with COVID-19 Patients in hospitals. Keywords: anxiety; care; covid-19; depression; groups; health; healthcare; job; satisfaction; scoring; stress; study; table
- Psychophysiology of Wellbeing; A must to introduce in undergraduate programs by Noushad, Shamoon (2022) - Promoting mental health: The psychophysiology of wellbeing can provide students with an understanding of the biological mechanisms that underpin mental health and wellbeing. Conclusion The study of psychophysiology of health and wellbeing has several practical applications in clinical/applied, social, and health sciences, for example, diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders, Stress management, chronic disease management, performance enhancement, and public health interventions. Keywords: health; wellbeing
- Examining the Impact of Maternal Stress on Neonatal Development: A Psychophysiological Insight by Batool, Syeda Farah; , Sundeep; Qadri, Syed Faizan (2023) - Abstract Background: Maternal stress during pregnancy significantly influences neonatal development, impacting various physical, cognitive, and emotional aspects. This retrospective cross-sectional quantitative study aims to comprehensively examine the intricate relationship between maternal stress during pregnancy and its influence on neonatal outcomes. Keywords: birth; distress; health; outcomes; pregnancy; preterm; stress; study; weeks
- The Triad of Stress, Vitamin D Deficiency, and Periodontal Breakdown: An Integrative Review by Rafique, Dr. Sara (2025) - Vitamin D is vital in maintaining periodontal health by regulating inflammatory processes. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system under stressful conditions has significant consequences on periodontal health Keywords: cortisol; depression; health; periodontitis; salivary; stress; vitamin
- Work-place Stress??? by Altaf, Maria (2014) - Hui and Chan (1996) brought up various research studies, which have been undertaken to investigate the prevalence and major sources of teacher stress in England, Wales, USA, Australia, Malta and West Indies (Borg, 1991; Dunham,1992) and brought forward sources of faculty stress along with occupational stressors. A study conducted by Abu Al-Rub indicated a curvilinear (U-shaped) relationship between job stress and job performance; nurses who reported moderate levels of job stress believed that they performed their jobs less well than did those who reported low or high levels of job stress (AbuAlRub , 2006) Keywords: faculty; health; job; stress; work; working

## Students

- Empathy levels among medical students: A psycho-social analysis by Shah, Sadia; Muneeb, Muhammad; Rajput, Aatir H. (2015) - The opinions and observations of medical students were recorded and interpreted hoping to determine the main reasons behind the changing empathy levels (if present). Keywords Empathy, Medical students, Liaquat University Introduction Empathy is a psychological term which shouldn’t be confused with sympathy. Keywords: empathy; levels; medical; students; study; year
- Determinants of sleep quality among undergraduate students of universities of Karachi by Khan, Fahad; Haroon, Husna; Haroon, Hafsa; Anwar, Erum (2016) - Other than energy drinks, no stimulant beverage showed significant relation with sleep quality. In Pakistan, a few studies have been carried out on sleep quality of students (U. Bhatti, Rani, Memon, & Wali, 2015; Surani et al., 2015). Keywords: consumption; l%20 l%20; participants; quality; sleep; sleep quality; students; study; university; week
- Impending early marriage leading to depression, anxiety and stress: Woes of female medical students at Hyderabad by Muneeb, Muhammad; Rajput, Aatir H.; Hanif, Tahir; Shaikh, Anam; Ali, Abid; Khan, Sadia (2016) - The percentage of female medical students may be high enough, but the bridal market places more urgent demands, promises more stability and social acceptance than the job market. Figure 1: A significant proportion of female medical students reported to have received marriage proposals even before graduation. Keywords: depression; female; marriage; medical; stress; students
- Assessment of sleep quality of university students by Bibi, Munaza (2017) - Keywords Sleep quality, Depression, Academic performance, Mobile phone use Introduction There are two categories of normal sleep first one is non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and second one is rapid eye movement (REM), further splitting up of (NREM) further divided into deep stages of sleep: stage N1, stage N2 and Stage N3. Association between depression and sleep quality can be a problem, especially for female students with volatility of emotional aspect were diagnosed as sleep deprived than in association with male students (Seoyoun K. et al., 2016). Keywords: depression; mobile; performance; phone; quality; sleep; students
- Prevalence of dysmenorrhic pain among students; its impact and management by Firdous, Uzma; Fatima, Noaima; Yasmeen, Ghazala; Naz, Lubna (2019) - The scale of symptoms accompanying menstrual pain ranges from digestive disturbances like nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, aches and pains, tiredness and dizziness22. 8 APP| Published By AEIRC| https://doi.org/10.29052/2412-3188.v6.i1.2019.8-14 ISSN 2412 - 3188 Original Article Prevalence of dysmenorrhic pain among students; Its impact and management Uzma Firdous, Noaima Fatima, Ghazala Yasmeen & Lubna Naz Department of Physiology, University of Karachi Abstract Background: Dysmenorrhoea is a common gynecological problem affecting 60- 70% of the adolescent menstruating females. Keywords: dysmenorrhea; females; management; menstrual; pain; prevalence; students; study; symptoms
- Computer vision syndrome: prevalence and predictors among students by Arshad, Sonya; Qureshi, Muhammad Faisal; Ali, Muhammad; Piryani, Komal; Shafqat, Komal; Mateen, Madiha; Waheed, Mahnoor; Rohaila, Mahnoor; Amin, Manal (2019) - The occurrence of CVS symptoms was indicated via numeric codes i.e. from 0 to 2 (0- Never, 1-Occasionally, 2-Often or Always), while intensity of symptoms was marked from 1 to 2 (1= Moderate and 2+= Intense). This is similar to other researches which demonstrated that background music has small but continuous negative effect on memorizing words or nonsense syllables (especially when listening to loud music)24, remembering advertisements25 and also in memorizing earlier read texts and reading performance26. Keywords: brain; colour; computer; cvs; eye; music; screen; students; study; symptoms; use; vision
- Comparative analysis of perceived medical school stress among freshman & graduate year senior students by Minhas, Farhat; Mujtaba, Muhammad; Jamil, Sohail; Javed, Unaiza; Rabbani, MUhammad Waqas; Minhas, Iftikhar (2019) - Mindfulness interventions in medical education: A systematic review of their impact on medical student stress, depression, fatigue and burnout. 30 APP| Published By AEIRC| https://doi.org/10.29052/2412-3188.v6.i1.2019.30-34 ISSN 2412 - 3188 Original Article Comparative analysis of perceived medical school stress among freshman & graduate year senior students Farhat Minhas1, Muhammad Mujtaba2, Sohail Jamil2, Unaiza Javed3, Muhammad Waqas Rabbani4 & Iftikhar Minhas5 1Department of Behavior Sciences, Avicenna Medical & Dental College, Lahore 2Department of Psychiatry – Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore 3Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore 4Human Development Research Foundation, Islamabad 5Department of Psychiatry, Shalamar Medical & Dental College, Lahore Abstract Background: Research indicates that medical students are exposed to higher stress levels due to the extensive academic programs and intense workload. Keywords: mean; medical; pmss; school; stress; students; year
- Comparison of Anxiety levels among Medical & Engineering Students by Ahmed, Sarfaraz; Abdullah, Kiran; Ghani, Abdul (2019) - Conclusion: High prevalence of anxiety was observed among medical students when compared to engineering students. Keywords Anxiety, Prevalence, Medical students, Engineering students. Keywords: anxiety; engineering; medical; prevalence; stress; students; study; university
- Relationship of functional dyspepsia with mental and physical stress by Shankar, Prem; Mandhan, Nikeeta; Zaidi, Syed Muhammad Hussain; Choudhry, Muhammad Saad; Kumar, Akshay (2020) - A strong positive correlation was observed among functional dyspepsia and both mental (r=0.411; p=0.001) and physical stress (r=0.475; p=0.001) (Table 3). ISSN 2412-3188 (Online) | 2410-1354 (Print) Original Article Relationship of functional dyspepsia with mental and physical stress Prem Shankar, Nikeeta Mandhan, Syed Muhammad Hussain Zaidi, Muhammad Saad Choudhry & Akshay Kumar Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS), Karachi-Pakistan. Keywords: disorders; dyspepsia; frequency; gut; medical; population; stress; students; study
- Cultivate an attitude of gratitude among college students:: Examining the positive effect of gratitude intervention on subjective well-being by Ahmed, Aisha Rais; Masoom, Saima (2021) - ISSN 2412-3188 (Online)|2410-1354 (Print) Original Article Cultivate an attitude of gratitude among college students: Examining the positive effect of gratitude intervention on subjective well-being Aisha Rais Ahmed1 & Saima Masoom2 1Muhammad Ali Jinnah University, Karachi-Pakistan. Citation: Ahmed AR, Masoom S. Cultivate an attitude of gratitude among college students: examining the positive effect of gratitude intervention on subjective well-being. Keywords: effects; gratitude; intervention; life; measures; meditation; practice; psychol; sample; satisfaction; students; study; swb
- Effect of EMG, RESP, and TEMP Biofeedback Training to reduce Anxiety among Undergraduate Students by Sajid, Ujala; Noushad, Shamoon; Ahmed, Sadaf (2022) - Moreover, it is suggested that Individuals receiving biofeedback training tend to show significant changes for the three psychophysiological modalities, i.e., EMG, RESP, and TEMP. Information from the psychophysiological recording from biofeedback training can be used to help manage several physical and mental health issues with optimal functioning. Keywords: anxiety; biofeedback; control; emg; stress; students; study; subjects; training
- The Be aware and grateful for little things: The Relative Contribution of Mindfulness and Gratitude in Predicting Satisfaction by Ahmed, Aisha Rais; Masoom, Saima Ali (2022) - Determine the levels of Mindfulness, Gratitude, and Life satisfaction levels among university students. The present study aims to recognize the different influences of gratitude and mindfulness in contributing to life satisfaction; and investigate the levels of mindfulness, gratitude, and life satisfaction among university students. Keywords: gratitude; journal; level; life; life satisfaction; mindfulness; psychology; satisfaction; score; students; study; university
- The University Students' Concerns about Terrorism, Resilience, and Coping Strategies by Ali, Saima Masoom (2022) - In coping strategies, females scored high on Active Coping, and males scored high on Substance Use and Humor; no difference was found in the frequency of remaining coping strategies. A consent form, demographic sheet, Students' concerns about terrorism scale, Brief resilience scale, and COPE inventory were administered to students. Keywords: concerns; coping; emancipation; female; peace; resilience; score; strategies; students; study; table; terrorism; university; use
- The physical manifestations of stress among the Medical Students of TSMU, Georgia: An Original Study by Menon, Gayathri Pramil; Aji, Aarsha; Selvakumar, Niveditha; Vassan, Rohit; Venkanna, Ranjan Tejas; Balasubramanian, Maduri (2023) - ISSN 2412-3188 (Online)|2410-1354 (Print) APP| Published By AEIRC| https://doi.org/10.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2023.XX-XX Original Article The physical manifestations of stress among the Medical Students of TSMU, Georgia: An Original Study Gayathri Pramil Menon , Aarsha Aji, Niveditha Selvakumar , Rohit Vassan , Ranjan Tejas Venkanna & Maduri Balasubramanian Tbilisi State Medical University, Department of Medicine, Tbilisi, Georgia Abstract Background: Medical students experience stress due to their daily routines, which tend to be responsible for higher burnout rates. Conclusion: This study proves the prevalence of various physical manifestations of stress among medical students. Keywords: medical; participants; responses; stress; students; study; survey
- The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Life Satisfaction with Resilience in Students by Ali, Shakir; Ali, Saima Masoom; Zia, Asbah (2023) - 17APP| Published By AEIRC| Volume 10 Issue 1 Table 3: Correlations between Emotional Intelligence, Resilience and Satisfaction with Life Variables EI TRC SWL 1 2 3 EI 1 0.285** 0.295** TRC 1 0.188 SWL 1 *N=200 **EI=Emotional Intelligence, TRC=Trait Resilience Checklist, SWL=Satisfaction with Life * = P < 0.05 Multiple regression analysis was run to check the impact of emotional intelligence and life satisfaction on resilience. The findings underscore the significance of emotional intelligence in promoting overall life satisfaction and resilience in this population. Keywords: intelligence; life; life satisfaction; relationship; research; resilience; satisfaction; students; study; trait
- Assessing the Effectiveness of Training Logic and Reasoning Skills Among Middle and High School Students Using a Retrospective Pre to Post Training Assessment by Timlin, Gabrielle D. (2025) - Further limitations include a general reluctance by students to value logic instruction in a science classroom and answer interpretation done by only one person, the researcher. Participants Classes of middle school and high school students received pre- and post-tests with logic instruction in between. Keywords: group; logic; question; school; students; thinking

## Brain

- Mind Body & Soul Harmony by Ahmed, Sadaf; Noushad, Shamoon (2016) - It does not only support the view of the emotions as rational, functional, and adaptive origins in Darwin’s Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals but also support the view that empathy and kindness are essential features of human brain which have their role in evolved human nature, ingrained in brain and its physiology that can commence and nurture the spirit of goodness in human being. While all these behavioral patterns may be altered and can be recognized as certain psychiatric illness both mild and severe-from weak and confused personality to angry and hysteric personalities—these disturbances of brain functions affect feelings and thoughts. Keywords: body; brain; mind; sadaf; soul
- Effect of exercise on cognition in healthy males. A comparative study. by Fazal, Amaila; Mirza, Faizan (2016) - Physical activity is favourable for brain health and cognition while certain hormones that are elevated during exercise also help to improve memory, cognition and protects against neuro-degeneration as individuals engaged in physical activity had a lower risk of dementia (Bergland, 2014). Regular physical activity can improve brain function throughout a lifespan. Keywords: brain; cognition; exercise; group; memory; test
- Brain Circuit Remapping in Blind by Arshad, Sonya; Qureshi, Muhammad Faisal; Rizvi, Syed Hasan Abbas; Farooq, Sidra; Malik, M. Habib Amin; Shakeel, Mahnoor; Sabir, Rida (2018) - Brain plasticity and behavior. Experience is a major factor in brain plasticity which produces multiple changes in dendritic length, behavior, synapse, increased glial activity and altered metabolic activity (Sterr et al., 1998. Keywords: blind; brain; difference; group; test
- Impact of music on reaction time, attention, short term memory and verbal fluency: A gender-based study by Anwar, Ujalla; Fazal, Amila; Mirza, Faizan (2019) - This is similar to other researches which demonstrated that background music has small but continuous negative effect on memorizing words or nonsense syllables (especially when listening to loud music)24, remembering advertisements25 and also in memorizing earlier read texts and reading performance26. The influence of background music on learning in the light of different theoretical perspectives and the role of working memory capacity. Keywords: attention; brain; capacity; fluency; group; memory; music; reaction; subjects; term; time
- Effects of the guided disclosure protocol on post-traumatic growth: A randomized control trial designed to observe psychophysiological alterations in traumatic stress subjects by Noushad, Shamoon; Ahmed, Sadaf (2019) - Study Protocol Effects of the guided disclosure protocol on post-traumatic growth: A randomized control trial designed to observe psychophysiological alterations in traumatic stress subjects Shamoon Noushad1,2,3 & Sadaf Ahmed1,3 The purpose of designing this randomized control trial is to observe psychophysiological alterations associated with post traumatic growth in traumatic stress subjects. Keywords: alterations; app|; brain; control; cortisol; disclosure; disorder; event; gdp; group; growth; posttraumatic; research; stress; study; subjects; traumatic; volume; waves; writing
- Psychophysiological effects of gum chewing on cognitive performance: A gender-based comparative study by Sheikh, Saniya; Fazal, Amaila; Mirza, Faizan (2020) - Results: It was found that the gum chewing group performs significantly better than the control group, thus chewing gum significantly improves cognitive performance. In 1939, the first study was conducted to determine whether chewing gum can reap any other benefits than breath enhancement and it was found that gum can reduce stress2. Keywords: brain; chewing; effects; females; group; gum; memory; performance; study; subjects; time
- Assessment of Cortisol, Brain-Derived Neurotropic factor, C - reactive protein, Interleukin-6 levels and cognitive decline after trauma exposure by Noushad, Shamoon; Sajid, Ujala; Ahmed, Sadaf; Ansari, Basit (2021) - Conclusion: The finding suggests that traumatic stress is associated with Cognitive decline, BDNF and cortisol, whereas a non-significant association was found with IL-6 and CRP levels. A debate has continued for decades until several studies have proposed a significant link between traumatic stress and its psychological impact on individuals' health and well-being1, 2. Keywords: bdnf; brain; control; cortisol; crp; il-6; levels; score; stress; study; subjects; traumatic; tsc-40
- A review of the literature on the impact of acute and chronic stress upon brain waves by Noushad, Shamoon; Ahmed, Sadaf; Ansari, Basit; Saleem, Yusra; Batool, S. Farah; Batool, Syeda Farah (2021) - beta 1 : beta 2: no change Tempor-o-parieto-occipital: Alpha 1 and beta 1 Temporooccipital: Delta Parietal & temporal regions: Theta 200 ppm 1,1,1- trichloroethane + Color Word Stress test Tops et al41 2004 11 subjects Alpha alpha : Frontal activity Acute cortisol Hewig et al42 2008 37 subjects Alpha alpha : - Distressing video+ Monetary Incentive Delay Task Modolo et al39 2017 25 subjects Alpha alpha not effected Occipital region Magnetic frequency 60 Hz 58 ISSN 2412-3188 (Online) | 2410-1354 (Print) APP| Published By AEIRC| Volume 8 Keywords: acute; alpha; app|; beta; brain; chronic; delta; eeg; increase; online; right; stress; stressors; studies; study; subjects; theta; waves
- The 6-AF Evaluation of Neuroprotective Activity against Cd- Induced Oxidative Stress and Degenerative Brain Disease including PD in Mice by Khan, Waqar Ahmed; Shah, Shahid Ali; Khan, Shamsher (2022) - Valente, E. M., Abou-Sleiman, P. M., Caputo, V., Muqit, M. M., Harvey, K., Gispert, S., ... & Wood, N. W. Hereditary early-onset Parkinson's disease caused by mutations in PINK1. PM, M. M., Shahi, M. H., Tayyab, M., Farheen, S., Khanam, N., Tabassum, S., & Ali, A. Cadmium‐induced neurodegeneration and activation of noncanonical sonic hedgehog pathway in rat cerebellum. Keywords: adult; albino; brain; cadmium; cdcl2; disease; mice; protein; weeks
- Assessing BDNF correlations with non-invasive indicators of neurological decline in different age groups by Batool, Syeda Faiza; Mirza, Faizan (2022) - Methodology: Cognitive assessment is done through verbal fluency test (FAS, DSST, and 6CIT) and BDNF level in blood found through HPLC utilizing the ALIZA kit method. Gaillard conducted a study of verbal fluency tests and observed that younger individuals and children tend to have an active cortex compared to adults and suggested that the pattern of verbal fluency mainly developed in early childhood. Keywords: 6cit; age; aging; bdnf; brain; decline; dsst; fluency; score; study; test; years
- Red Flags Warning for providers about risks in applying psychophysiologically based interventions by Sherman, Richard A.; Kerson, Cynthia R.; Willmarth, Eric K.; Manalang-Monnier, Phoebe L.; DeVore, Jerry R. (2023) - About 10–15% of headache patients have the more debilitating migraine type. If the patient reports a new pain in the chest area or chest pain that differs in any way (sensation, location, intensity, duration) from previous episodes that were evaluated and treated appropriately, they should be referred to a specialist. Keywords: anxiety; app|; biofeedback; brain; breathing; cause; eeg; headaches; hypnosis; interventions; issn; issue; medications; neurofeedback; nfb; pain; patient; print; problems; provider; symptoms; training; volume
- The Silent Echoes of Trauma: How Pain Shapes Brain and Body by Shamoon Noushad, Sadaf Ahmed (2025) - For instance, chronic physical pain often worsens emotional distress, while unresolved emotional pain can manifest as physical symptoms. These biological changes can lead to prolonged dysregulation of the nervous system, manifesting as chronic physical pain, psychological anguish, and emotional distress2. Keywords: body; brain; pain; recovery; stress; survivors; trauma
- Prediction of Perception by Turner, Brigid (2025) - Psychiatry Research, 244, 357-362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.015 Perona-Garcelán, S., García-Montes, J. M., Rodríguez-Testal, J. F., Ruiz-Veguilla, M., Benítez- Hernández, M. D. M., López-Jiménez, A. M., ... & Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2013). Bufalari, I., Sforza, A. L., Di Russo, F., Mannetti, L., & Aglioti, S. M. (2019). Keywords: absorption; brain; et al; experiences; perception; processing
- Analyzing the Monosodium and Dietary Glutamate Model of Depression: A Narrative Review by Olabiyi, Olaitan (2025) - Secondly, monosodium Glutamate levels in the hypothalamic or circumventricular region of the brain, which does not have a structured blood-brain barrier, could increase proportionally with plasma glutamate concentration from monosodium glutamate administration. There is a paucity of clinical and human-based studies on monosodium glutamate effects. Keywords: administration; animal; brain; day; depression; effects; et al; glutamate; journal; levels; like; model; monosodium glutamate; msg; rats; stress; studies; test

## Depression

- Prevalence of Nosocomephobia – Hospital related depression by Ashraf, Zehra; Raza, Syeda Arooba; Khalid, Fizza; Sabzwari, Zahra; Shahwar, Dur-re- (2016) - As the age is essential factor which plays a great role in any research or survey, the depression according to age is also considered and table 4.1 is and figure 4.1 are representing the depression scale along with respective ages with respect to males, the ranges of age under which the percent of depression lies are: (a)15-25 in which depression % is about 11.68% (b) 26-36 in which depression % is about 9.09% (c)37-47 in which depression % is about 3.89% (d) 48-60 in http://www.aeirc-edu.com/ Zehra Ashraf 29 Annals of Psychophysiology Volume 3, October 2016 Similarly, the ranges with respect to females are: (a)15-25 in which depression % is about 14.28% (b) 26-36 in which depression % is about 7.79% (c)37-47 in which depression % is about 5.19% (d) 48-60 in which depression % is about 11.6% respectively. Keywords: depression; figure; hospital; phobia; symptoms
- Depression, anxiety & stress among patients of end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis by Rajput, Aatir H.; Shaikh, Maryam; Kumar, Sooraj (2017) - Conclusion On the basis of this result we come to know that great numbers of patients of ESRD undergoing hemodialysis were suffering from anxiety depression and stress and uremia. Second only to hypertension, depression is the most frequent comorbid diagnosis among ESRD patients (US Renal data system, 2004) but sadly, this grave issue still remains under-researched (Kimmel, 2002) and is rarely, if at all, dealt with appropriately in patients of ESRD undergoing hemodialysis (Kimmel, et al., 2006). Keywords: anxiety; depression; hemodialysis; kimmel; patients; stress
- Depressive symptoms among patients of Myocardial Infarction by Rajput, Aatir H.; Naz, Hina; Iqbal, Anser (2017) - However, we did sample patients from three different hospital settings, and this should enhance the generalizability of our findings to other groups of patients of similar medical acuity. The present study has demonstrated that 19 percent of a series of acute MI patients had the DSM-III symptom cluster of major depression: Less severe forms of depression were far less prevalent: only 2 percent of the population had dysthymic disorder, and just 5 percent had depressed mood in the absence of a DSM-III affective or anxiety disorder. Keywords: depression; patients; percent
- Role of Mothers Resilience in the Development of Resilience and Prevention of Depression and Anxiety in Daughters by Damani, Zara Nisar; Hussain, Sana (2021) - Discussion The main objective of the present study was to identify the role of mothers' resilience in developing resilience and preventing depression and anxiety in daughters. ISSN 2412-3188 (Online) | 2410-1354 (Print) APP| Published By AEIRC| https://doi.org/10.29052/2412-3188.v8.i2.2021.71-75 Original Article Role of mothers' resilience in the development of resilience and prevention of depression and anxiety in daughters Zara Nizar Damani & Sana Hussain Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science & Technology, Karachi-Pakistan. Keywords: anxiety; das; daughters; depression; mothers; resilience; study
- Review of Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback: Intervention to relieve Stress. by Batool, S. Farah; Ansari, Basit (2022) - Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) is a practical approach to treating stress and depression. Heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) has received much attention in recent decades for treating various diseases and enhancing productivity. Keywords: biofeedback; depression; heart; hrvb; rate; stress; variability
- Psychomusicology: The Clinical Relevance of Music in Health Psychology by Willmarth, Dr. Eric (2025) - More recently, Brandt et al. (2024) again found that music therapy did not have a direct impact on pain intensity, but that pain-related self-efficacy was a primary moderator that should be incorporated into future music therapy interventions. Methods: This article provides a very brief review of the psychophysiology of music along with some of the issues, clinical applications, and definitions related to psychomusicology, music therapy, music medicine, and music-assisted treatment. Keywords: anxiety; depression; music; music therapy; pain; patients; therapy; treatment
- Prevalence of depression in undiagnosed populace; A study on gender and age by Azher, Syed Zain; Noushad, Shamoon; Naeem, Nida; Ahmed, Sadaf; Sultana, Neelofer (2014) - Men and Women have equal chances of developing depression but the women depression ratio is very high as they feel depression more deeply and show very clear response like becoming sad, tearful and hope less. According to the analysis of the data recorded by calculating the depression rate among different age groups It was noted that young Adults mostly between the ages (20-30 years) are at greater risk of developing depression when we checked on a large sample size, 8.33% of the young adults are at the risk of depression. Keywords: adults; age; depression; feeling; risk; women

## Pain

- Menstruation; A cause of recurrent emotional stress in young females by Tabassum, Afshan; Ahmed, Sadaf; Noushad, Shamoon (2015) - Fig.4: Frequency of emotional stress symptoms reported by females perceiving sharp pain Fig 5: Severity level of emotional stress PMS can cause severe physical and emotional disability when it gets severe or intense (Stearns, 2001 and Govind, et al., 2007) and if accompanied with dysmenorrhea(pelvic pain) can produce significantly intense emotional and physical stress symptoms ultimately leads the body towards more exertion producing profound physical and emotional stresses which also demonstrated by results of our study that those females reported with dysmenorrheal and PMS symptoms, also evaluated with severe , moderate, and with mild emotional stress and along with this they also perceives emotional stress symptoms comparatively more frequent, evaluated with varying severity categorized on the basis of symptoms and their intensities the participants experienced ( as shows in Fig: 4). We also evaluate 67% females with different severity level of emotional stress & the rest of population were also reported emotional stress symptoms but with slighter intensity & frequency. Keywords: females; pain; pms; stress; symptoms; women
- Physical, emotional and catastrophizing upshots of chronic pain the study on pain stress by Naseem, Uzma; Ahmed, Sadaf; Noushad, Shamoon (2016) - Unlike acute nociceptive pain chronic pain is not self-limiting and usually neurological in origin, it may evolve in the damaging of either central nervous system or peripheral nervous system results into anxiety, fear, depression, sleeplessness and lack of social interaction so there is a self-perception of stress. Introduction Unlike acute nociceptive pain chronic pain is not self-limiting and usually neurological in origin, it may evolve in the damaging of either CNS or PNS results into anxiety, fear, depression, sleeplessness and lack of social interaction so there is a self- perception of stress (Waxman, 2006). Keywords: catastrophizing; chronic; pain; sleep; stress; study; women
- Pain, Self-Medication and Administration of Over-The-Counter Analgesics: An Observational Study by Shaikh, Salman; Saleem, Yusra; Noushad, Shamoon; Ahmed, Sadaf (2017) - Surveys show that OTC medications are seen by many people as being as effective as prescription medications (World self-medication industry.2006), the reasons for using self-medication are poorly understood (El Nimr et al., 2015). The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of self-medication with drugs and complementary/alternative medicines among people of Karachi, Pakistan; to describe the patterns of medication use; and to identify reasons for self-medication (El Nimr et al., 2015). Keywords: analgesics; medication; pain; self; study; use
- A Proposed Study Using Psychophysiological Biomarkers to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Cat-Cow Yoga Exercise to Reduce Chronic Musculoskeletal Low Back Pain by Batool, Syeda Farah; Noushad, Shamoon; Ahmed, Sadaf (2021) - Subjects will be included in the study if they meet the eligibility criteria and have experienced low back pain in the last three months. Have low back pain constantly or on most days for the last three months? Keywords: beta; disability; intervention; lbp; life; low; nurses; pain; study; substance; work; yoga
- Approaches used for the Quantification of Pain in Physical Therapy Practices-A Systematic Review by Abbasi, Shahrukh; Naseer, Shahzaib; Farooqui, Sumaira Imran (2022) - Gregory J. Use of pain scales and observational pain assessment tools in hospital settings. Kinesio taping reduces pain and improves disability in low back pain patients: a randomised controlled trial. Keywords: assessment; low; neck; pain; patients; physical; questionnaire; scale; studies; study; therapy; vas
- Changes in muscle tension patterns predicting the start of nocturnal leg cramps: A pilot study by Chaney , Jacqueline L.; Sherman, Richard A. (2023) - ISSN 2412-3188 (Online)|2410-1354 (Print) APP| Published By AEIRC| https://doi.org/10.29052/2412-3188.v10.i1.2023.XX-XX Original Article Changes in muscle tension patterns predicting the start of nocturnal leg cramps: A pilot study Jacqueline L. Chaney & Richard A. Sherman Saybrook University, Pasadena, California, USA Abstract Background: Although it is assumed that nocturnal leg cramps (NLC) are based on actual muscle cramps, no articles show that nocturnal leg cramps are preceded by changes in surface electromyograms (SEMG), which might indicate that a natural muscle cramp is occurring. This exploratory pilot study was designed to identify patterns of calf muscle activity before the onset of subjects' awakenings with pain associated with nocturnal leg cramps (NLC) to establish a precursor relationship between changes in muscle tension and the start of NLCs. Keywords: cramps; leg; muscle; pain; tension
- A Systematic Review: Manipulation vs. Mobilization for Mechanical Neck Pain by Madad Ali Malik, Bushra; Noushad, Shamoon; Sheikh, Khansa; Rayyan, Ayesha; Riaz, Saman; Ansari, Basit (2025) - Salom-Moreno, J. et al.19 (PEDro score=7), Cleland, J. A. et al.20 (PEDro score=7) and Dunning J.R. et al.11 (PEDro score=8) demonstrated that manipulation group showed statistically significant greater reduction in neck pain and disability, follow-ups ranging from immediately post-intervention (for neck pain p<0.001, between-group mean difference: 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-2.1)), 19 2-4 days on initial intervention and examination (reductions in disability p<0.001, between-group difference of 10% (95% confidence interval [CI]=5.3-14.7) and in pain p<.001, between- group difference of 2.0 (95% CI=1.4-2.7))20, and up to 48-hours after the initial examination (for disability p<0.001, between-group mean change (8.0 points [95% CI: 5.9, 10.2]) and for pain p<.001, between-group mean reduction (2.0 [95% CI: 1.5, 2.5]))11. But no significant improvement in CROM and pain between mobilization and manipulation group was found (For VAS p>0.05, mean difference (95% CI) –1.94 (–11.72– 7.84)).9 Loreto et al.2 (PEDro score=6) compared manipulation with mobilization and a control group of 36 patients. Keywords: group; high; manipulation; mobilization; n y; neck; neck pain; pain; pedro; risk; snags; spine; studies; study; therapy; thoracic; thrust; y y
- Understanding Dreams by Hassan, Waseem (2014) - Dreams: From the eyes of Scholars and Researchers: Since the beginning of the understandings of dreams to date, dreams have been divided in several types according to the behavior and nature observed by researcher’s globally. Dreams on the contrary, laid rest in the hands of myth and mysticism and hence been defined in illogical manner which were taken for granted by most of the scholars of the times. Keywords: dream; pain; person
- Exaggerating and retraining factors leading to migraine incidence in Pakistan by Ahmed, Sadaf; Noushad, Shamoon; Nasir, Rida; Nasir, Huma; Mohammad Tahir, Shaikh (2014) - According to world health organization’s estimation, 303 million people suffered migraines worldwide and every day at least 20 million attacks of migraine happen (WHO, 2006). Stress and sunlight trigger migraine head pain in majority that can be cure by proper medicine and sleep. KEYWORDS Keywords: factors; headache; migraine; pain; stress

## Anxiety

- To evaluate the relationship between social anxiety & life-satisfaction among adolescence in Karachi by Ahmed, Junaid; Noushad, Shamoon; Ahmed, Sadaf (2015) - It is concluded that Social Anxiety has significant negative impact on Life Satisfaction among adolescence and researches reported that social anxiety convert in social anxiety disorder then it effects different areas of daily life (Stein & Kean, 2000). Abstract The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between social anxiety and life satisfaction in Adolescence of Karachi. Keywords: anxiety; life; research; satisfaction; self; social; study
- Treatment of severe anxiety and social phobia by hypnosis and neurolinguistic programming- A Case Report by Malik, Samina; Mirza, Maheen; Ahmad, Fayyaz; Malik, Arif (2021) - ISSN 2412-3188 (Online) | 2410-1354 (Print) APP| Published By AEIRC| https://doi.org/10.29052/2412-3188.v8.i2.2021.107-111 Case Study Treatment of severe anxiety and social phobia by hypnosis and neurolinguistic programming- A case report Samina Malik1, Maheen Mirza2, Mohammad Fayyaz3, Arif Malik4 1Department of Physiology, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Lahore-Pakistan. Case Presentation: We discuss a case of a 20-year-old boy with severe anxiety and social phobia who was already taking antipsychotic drugs and antidepressants, but they did not aid in treating his condition. Keywords: anxiety; hypnosis; patient; phobia; session; treatment
- Understanding Fear Conditioning: Psychophysiological Responses, Anxiety, and Startle Reactivity in Karachi Undergraduates – A Pilot Study by Saleem, Yusra; Noushad, Shamoon; Sajid, Ujala; Ansari, Basit (2023) - Existing literature supports the integration of HRV in fear conditioning studies, emphasizing its role in elucidating individual differences. Abstract Background: Fear conditioning, a cornerstone in the exploration of fear learning, provides insights into the intricate mechanisms shaping adaptive and maladaptive fear responses. Keywords: anxiety; conditioning; differences; fear; fps; hrv; phase; responses; startle; study
- The Efficacy of Biofeedback-Integrated Ambient Lighting in Stress and Anxiety Reduction by Ujala Sajid, Shamoon Noushad, & Sadaf Ahmed (2025) - By integrating HRV monitoring with ambient lighting systems, real-time adjustments to lighting parameters can create environments conducive to stress reduction8. Ambient lighting provides a non-invasive and innovative approach to biofeedback, enhancing both aesthetic and therapeutic experiences. Keywords: ambient; anxiety; biofeedback; lighting; pss; stai; stress

## Group

- Life hassles; cause and effect relations among diverse age groups by Batool, Syeda Farah; Noushad, Shamoon; Ahmed, Sadaf (2016) - The cause of trauma could differ from age groups but the reason is just as mentioned above (Peter A. Levine et al., 1997). A cause of trauma varies among different age groups. Keywords: age; group; stress; subjects; trauma
- Social media addiction is a new smoking by Arshad, Sonya; Qureshi, Muhammad Faisal; Rizvi, Syed Hasan Abbas; Ferozali, Bakhtawar; Majeed, Sidra Abdul; Khan, Summaya; Ajaz, Haziq (2018) - http://www.aeirc-edu.com/ Annals of Psychophysiology ©Advance Educational Institute & Research Centre Volume 5, October 2018 www.aeirc-edu.com ISSN 2412 - 3188 Sonya Arshad 41 Table 1: Shows the results of the questionnaire designed for group A based on questions related to social media addiction according to Bergen Addiction Scale. Questions related to social media addiction Yes n(%) Keywords: addiction; cessation; group; internet; media; network; people; smoking; use
- Mindfulness Intervention Mitigates Trauma-Induced Cognitive Decline Among Healthcare Professionals by , Shereen; Batool, Syeda Farah; Maryam, Ayesha; Sultan, Syeda Akmal (2023) - Mindfulness- based interventions have shown promise in mitigating stress and improving cognitive function. Cognitive function, burnout, and perceived stress were assessed using pre- and post-intervention standardized measures. Keywords: burnout; function; group; healthcare; intervention; mindfulness; professionals; stress; study
- A Cyberphysiologic Technique for Stress Control Through a YouTube Video Channel Useable Anytime, Anywhere by Do, Duke PhucDuc (2025) - The results showed that practicing the cyberphysiologic (treatment) technique significantly improved stress levels compared to the common relaxation technique implemented in the videos for the control group. The question was, “Is there a difference in stress levels between individuals who practice cyberphysiology and those who do not?” Keywords: control; cyberphysiology; group; level; relaxation; stress; table; test
- Mental, behavioral and physical effects of power enhancing drugs in chronic users by Mirza, Faizan; Ahmed, Sadaf (2014) - Reported side effects in steroids users (group S) Reported side effects in creatine users (group C) Figure. Keywords: creatine; effects; figure; group; individuals; steroids; users

## Patients

- Relation between quality and quantity of sleep and psychological distress among hospitalized patients by Rajput, Aatir H.; Aslam, Nimra; Yousuf, Farheen; Muneeb, Muhammad (2016) - The environmental and bio-cognitive consequences of sleep deprivation on the health and recovery of hospital inpatients are various. Objective This observational study was aimed at determining the pattern, quantity and quality of sleep and the prevalence, causes and effect of sleep deprivation / disturbance among patients hospitalized at the elective wards of a tertiary care hospital. Keywords: care; hospital; patients; sleep
- Association between satisfaction with life and caregiver burden, among psychiatric patients by Emad, Farkhanda; Ali, Saima Masoom; Ishaque, Farhan; Mirza, Aftab Ahmed; Khalid, Hayatullah; Ansari, Abid Kamal (2021) - Further, findings indicate significant differences between males' and females' caregivers of psychiatric patients on the variable of caregiver burden and satisfaction with life scale. Conclusion: We concluded that caregiver burden significantly affects the mental health of the caregivers of patients with psychiatric disorders. Keywords: burden; caregivers; disorders; family; life; mental; patients; psychiatric; satisfaction; scale; schizophrenia; study
- The Identification of Sialuria with Different Degrees of Intellectual Disabilities in Children and Adolescents: Adolescent Mental Health by Ishtiaq, Hina; Siddiqui, Sonia; Nawaz, Rukhsana; Hussain, Muhammad Ashraf; Imtiaz, Fauzia; Haque, Zeba (2021) - Whereas patients with mild I.D. showed a two-fold increase in sialic acid levels when compared to controls. The study highlighted the possible involvement of sialic acid levels with different degrees of intellectual disabilities in Pakistani children and adolescents. Keywords: acid; acid levels; controls; expression; gene; gne; i.d; levels; mrna; mutation; myopathy; patients; sialic; sialuria; subjects; urine
- The prevalence of somatic symptom disorders among regular female patients of faith healers by Qureshi, Zaufishan; Shahzad, Anum; Naeem, Sehrish (2014) - DSM-V (2013) was used as a valid and reliable measure and diagnostic tool for Somatic symptom disorder. Somatoform disorders are referred as somatic symptom and related disorders in the recent edition of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM, V, 2013). Keywords: disorders; faith; patients; study; symptom

## Subjects

- Prevalence of compulsive sexual behavior/hyper sexuality disorder and its psychological manifestations in youth by Batool, Syeda Farah; Ahmed, Sadaf (2017) - Every person on this planet have felt or experienced sexual desire or got engage in sexual activities. Every person on this planet have felt or experienced sexual desire or got engage in sexual activities. Keywords: desire; female; sex; stress; subjects
- Why Am I Not Happy Anymore? by Batool, Syeda Farah (2018) - The relative health benefits of different sexual activities. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of compulsive sexual behavior among youth and to find a relation between happiness and sexual activity. Keywords: batool; figure; happiness; people; sex; stress; subjects
- Changes in the process used to critique articles based on Psychophysiologically Based Research Studies by Sherman, Richard A. (2021) - Large numbers of audits have shown that we are inundated with faked studies, poorly done studies, improperly massaged data, sales pitches, etc. Thus, the way we need to critique studies has shifted from a relatively straightforward evaluation of the study to a detective process, including evaluating the author(s) and the journal in which the study appeared. Keywords: journal; study; subjects

## Body

- Psychophysiology Escalating in Pakistan by Noushad, Shamoon (2015) - AEIRC is the first institute which has develop a research division separately for Psychophysiology under the guidance & leadership of Dr. Sadaf Ahmed, an only PhD in psychophysiology in Pakistan, this super women has established a psychophysiology research laboratory in university of Karachi (Public Sector, Government University) While there are many interpretations of what a healthy Psychophysiology science might seem like, these were only few important examples of Psychophysiology tests & techniques which are required to establish this new field in our country. Keywords: body; mind; psychophysiology
- Proponents of harmonization between body, mind and soul by Hassan, Waseem (2016) - The interaction of human soul with its body is not possible as it must operate with existing body with its soul and sometimes both operate collectively. Not to forget that the aspect of soul is generally not considered in scientific world, this article steps forward initialising the understanding of soul as an integral part of human body in terms of philosophy as well as science. Keywords: body; mind; person; soul
- Of scents and brain: Olfactory stimulation for Neuropoeisis and intervention for Neurodegenerative Disorders by Ali, Alvira (2016) - Research in Aromatherapy Clinical studies have showed that fragrances treatment provides relaxation from anxiety, stress, depression, cancer related symptoms, agitation in dementia, pain and quality of sleep (Najafi, et al, 2014, Williams, 2006, Holmes, et al, 2002, Ballard, et al, 2002, Fayazi, et al, 2011 and Diego, 1998). Aromatic therapy relieves both the mental and physical stress and has a tendency of enhancing the parasympathetic nervous system and autonomic nervous system (Liu, et al, 2014, Glass, et al, 2013 and Chang K.M, et al, 2011). Keywords: aromatherapy; body; et al; october; olfactory; research; system; volume
- Cenesthopathy-The Paradigm in Schizophrenia by Haider, Anum (2017) - The other studies in comparison to presented cases also mirrored most of the findings such as chronic insidious course (Chang, 2014), the predominant oral symptoms presentation in males, the late onset of presentation in females (>40yrs) (Takahash, et al., 2013).There is also a frequent presentation of chronic medically unexplained physical symptoms and misdiagnosis as somatoform disorder (Rohircht, et al., 2010).. Early recognition and start of treatment is crucial for good prognosis and limiting the disability (Stanghellini, et al., 2014 & Rohircht, et al., 2010). Keywords: body; et al; schizophrenia
- Assessment of major physical stressors and its psychophysiology; A comprehensive review by Azher, Syed Zain; Noushad, Shamoon; Ahmed, Sadaf (2014) - Neurovascular Physiology & Biophysics Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Karachi Corresponding author: zain@aeirc-edu.com ABSTRACT: The purpose of this review was to highlight the concept and understanding of physical stress and to discuss its Psychophysiological mechanisms along with characteristics and major causes. The environmental and physical changes that are responsible for alterations in the homeostasis of the body is simply identified as physical stress. Keywords: blood; body; changes; exercise; levels; noise; psychological; response; stress; system

## Symptoms

- Investigating the impact of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) in reducing birth trauma symptoms by Wetherell, Silvia (2022) - The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Post-traumatic stress disorder Keywords: birth; disorder; emdr; post; postpartum; stress; study; symptoms; trauma; traumatic; treatment; women
- Effectiveness of Eidetic Psychotherapy on Psychosomatic Symptoms in Adults with Anxious Attachment Style by Sohail, Janeeta; Qureshi, Zaofishan; Misri, Afia; Kayani, Shahzadi Siddiqa (2023) - Mental stress has been associated with various Psychosomatic Symptoms, including sleep problems, gastrointestinal issues, and muscular pain. The identified images associated with Anxious Attachment Style and related Psychosomatic Symptoms were maneuvered for about 8-12 sessions depending upon the requirement of each participant. Keywords: attachment; eidetic; images; individuals; intervention; items; participants; phase; psychotherapy; scale; study; style; symptoms

## Participants

- Evaluating Age-related Cognitive performance; An Observational Pilot Study by Khan, Aiman; Ashraf, Aimon; Siddiqui, Huda; Ahmed, Khadija; Ali, Fatima; Azam, Laveeza (2020) - Therefore, various screening tests are performed for preliminary assessment of cognitive impairment in order to diagnose and treat the condition before the development of serious outcomes3. The appropriate diagnosis within the recommended time duration plays an important role in devising a suitable therapeutic plan for cognitive impairment, and it prevents already the feeble body of aged individuals from being adversely affected by the severe cognitive disorders4. Keywords: adults; age; cognitive; decline; impairment; mini; mmse; participants; score; study
- Behavioral and Psychological attributes of the smokeless tobacco consumers in Karachi by Aslam, Sadia; Javed, Ahad; Usman, Hafiz Muhammad; Naz, Lubna; Mushtaq, Samia (2021) - No addiction 4.25% Probably Addiction 10.64% Early stage 23.40% 2nd stage 36.17% End stage 25.53% Stress, 5.55% Boredome, 11.11% Curiosity, 50% Peer pressure, 30.50% Unconciously, 2.77% 38 ISSN 2412-3188 (Online) | 2410-1354 (Print) APP| Published By AEIRC| Volume 8 Issue 1 Figure 3: BMI of smokeless tobacco consumers. It showed that most of the controls were mentally stressed while tobacco consumers had reduced mental stress due to their euphoric condition attributed to the ST (Figure 4). Keywords: addiction; consumers; consumption; nicotine; participants; smokeless; stress; study; tobacco
- Attachment Styles and Their Impact on Sleep Disturbances and Dissociation in Adults: A Comprehensive Study by Shahid, Areeja; Ali, Saima Masoom (2023) - It measures three dimensions of relationship attachment: closeness, dependence, and anxiety. This study explores the complex relationships between attachment styles, sleep disturbances, and dissociation in adults. Keywords: attachment; childhood; dissociation; disturbances; individuals; participants; relationship; research; sleep; study
- Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Cognitive Abilities: Is it a blessing or a curse? by Gul, Shama; Batool, Farah; Rasheed, Fiza A.; Kaleem, Wardha (2023) - Other variables may have included participants' familiarity with AI, their attitudes toward it, and their experiences using AI technologies. Anxiety related to AI dependency was also evident, as 57% reported feeling stressed when unable to use AI tools. Keywords: abilities; artificial; data; decision; human; intelligence; participants; study; technologies

## Studies

- Exploring the Role of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy: A Narrative Review of Motor Recovery and Functional Outcomes by Sheikh, Khansa; Noushad, Shamoon; Hussain, Aqsa; Sheikh, Javeria; Madad Ali Malik, Bushra; Ansari, Basit (2025) - • Studies published in English and available as full-text PDFs were included. • Studies focused on conditions other than Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy. Keywords: muscle; nbpp; nmes; outcome; palsy; plexus; quality; stimulation; studies; study; therapy
- The Role of Play-Based Therapy in Managing Motor Skills in Children with Cerebral Palsy (CP): A Systematic Review by Khan Afsar, Warda; Hashim, Hamna (2025) - Interactive computer play as “motor therapy” for individuals with cerebral palsy. [14] RCT 50 Exergames in Play-Based Therapy 10 Motor Function, Engagement Scores Increased engagement and improved motor outcomes via exergames. Keywords: children; et al; motor; palsy; play; studies; therapy

## Disorder

- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - A matter of concern by Mirza, Maria (2015) - ADHD children make up 30-40% of referrals to child mental health Practitoners (Barkely RA 1998). ADHD symptoms fall into two major categories as shown below in the table. Keywords: adhd; attention; children; deficit; disorder; hyperactivity; psychiatric; school
- Evaluate personality disorders symptoms in different individuals by Akhlaq, Naima; Asghar, Urooj; Gul, Tanzeela; Ali, Syeda Yusra; Shah, Noma (2016) - This survey study show that personality disorder is mostly seen in females of age between 20 - 30. When these difficulties are severe and endless, and when they lead to significant personal or social problems, they are described as personality disorders. Keywords: disorder; people; personality; personality disorder; psychiatric; self; survey
- Obsessive compulsive disorder is more flyer in new generation by Siddiqui, Nimra; Kanwal, Syeda Anamta; Fatima, Syeda Zarfshan; Ghaffor, Kainat (2017) - The figure #11 shows that 21.40% people say that his/her partner or parents complained that they spend more time on using phone while talking to them this obsession is very common in female.49% people say that there partner or parents do not complained that they are spend too much time on cell phone whereas remaining 29.70% people say that there partner or parents say once or twice a day this shows that these people are obsessive in using cell phone. People spent too much time to using cell phone such as 21.40% people said that his/her partner or parents complained that they spend more time on using phone while talking to them this obsession is very common in female.49% people said that there partner or parents do not complained that they are spend too much time on cell phone whereas remaining 29.70% people said that there partner or parents say once or twice a day this shows that these people are obsessive 63.60% 36.40% 22.20% 33.30% 22.40% Keywords: contamination; disorder; figure; ocd; people; research; video

## People

- Psychophysiological Responses to Childhood Trauma in Adulthood - A Review by Faisal, Ayesha; Firdous, Maryum; Zehra, Hafiza Fatima (2023) - Table 1: Psychophysiological Responses to Trauma Psychophysiological responses Types of Trauma Emotional responses, such as fight or flight response, stress response, dysregulation of emotion, and numbing Event trauma, domestic violence, neglect, or emotional abuse Physical responses, such as somatic complaints, hyperarousal, and poor sleep quality Process trauma, physical abuse, or sexual abuse Cognitive responses, such as cognitive errors, guilt, and shame, inaccurate idealizations, rationalizations, or justifications, trauma-induced hallucinations or delusions, and dissociative disorders Process trauma, event trauma, physical abuse, sexual abuse, or emotional abuse Behavioral responses, such as self-destructive behaviors, self-harm, re-enacting the event, and avoidance Event and process trauma, physical abuse, emotional abuse, domestic violence, or neglect Social responses, such as difficulty maintaining relationships, avoiding support, distrust Event trauma, neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, or emotional abuse Emotional Responses Emotional reactions depend significantly on the individual's socio-cultural history, thus allowing them to be either emotionally resilient to trauma or express strongly towards a trigger. Event trauma, or Type I, requires a single unexpected, immediate, or difficult event6. Keywords: abuse; child; childhood; family; individual; mental; people; responses; self; stress; trauma
- Night Owls – The “B” People by Fatima Altaf, Kisa (2014) - A night owl is person who tends to stay up until late at night, and the opposite of night owl is an early bird, a lark, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early. . In many countries, early birds are called A-people and night owls are called B-people. Keywords: night; owls; people

## Disorders

- Hormone Replacement Therapy and Mood Disorders During Menopause by Persson, Monica (2025) - A targeted review of current literature explores conventional and alternative treatment approaches for menopausal mood disorders. Results: Conventional treatments like SSRIs are often less effective for menopausal mood disorders, underscoring the need for alternative approaches. Keywords: disorders; estrogen; hrt; menopause; mood; women

## Care

- Burnout among emergency medicine residents by ., Abdullah; Shehbaz, Lal; Nasir, Shua; Jataoi, Sami; Asim, Syed Jehanzeb; Rajput, Aatir H. (2021) - Conclusion: After careful consideration, it can be concluded that burnout is prevalent among emergency medicine residents, and steps must be taken to prevent the already distraught and scarce emergency medicine personnel from falling into dysfunction due to burnout. Burnout among emergency medicine residents. Keywords: burnout; care; emergency; medicine; residents; stress; study; work

## Trauma

- Psychophysiological Effects of Equine-Assisted Psychotherapy in Trauma Recovery: A Review of Current Evidence by Palmer, Brittin (2025) - Given the variability in research designs, populations, and outcome measures, it is useful to summarize key EAP studies that address psychological or physiological outcomes relevant to trauma recovery. Most EAP studies rely on small samples and lack randomization, active control groups, or standardized treatment protocols. Keywords: eap; equine; psychotherapy; stress; trauma

## Use

- Problems with the continued proliferation of unsubstantiated psychophysiological techniques being promulgated and sold for clinical use by DeVore, Jerry R.; Sherman, Richard A. (2020) - Also, note that the proponents of such devices usually claim that appropriate studies are unnecessary as “you can see the changes” or that there is no adequate placebo for the device. (An inappropriately licensed practitioner is one whose license does not include the use of such devices within the practitioner’s scope of practice.) Keywords: lens; neurofeedback; system; use

## Effects

- Exploring the Impact of Different Yoga Practices on Psychological Resources and Emotional Well-Being: A Single-Session Study by Yusra Saleem, Shamoon Noushad & Sadaf Ahmed (2025) - Positive Affect Restorative yoga participants experienced the most substantial increase in positive affect, with a mean difference (MD) of 10.2 (p<0.001), followed by Hatha yoga (MD = 6.4, p<0.01) and Vinyasa yoga (MD = 5.7, p<0.01). Hatha and Vinyasa yoga showed the most significant gains in hope, resilience, efficacy, and optimism. Keywords: affect; effects; hatha; resources; restorative; styles; vinyasa; yoga

## Intervention

- Establishment of the Relationship Between Continued Practice of Hatha Yoga and Goal Attainment by Foster, Amé (2025) - Pre-Intervention Goals Improve Flexibility 1 Greater than Expected Enhance relaxation Improve shoulder mobility Post-Intervention Goals Improve flexibility Enhance relaxation Improve shoulder mobility Become more Fit ______________________________________________________________________________ (Non-DO) Pre-Intervention Goals Community 2 Expected Keep of recent weight loss Improve mobility Post-Intervention Goals Community Keep of recent weight loss Improve overall health Reduce stress level ______________________________________________________________________________ (Non-DO) Pre-Intervention Goals Flexibility 3 Not Selected Improve upper body strength Pre-Intervention Goals Attend yoga twice per week 8 Not Selected Move body everyday Book 5 photo shoots Become a Yoga Instructor Post-Intervention Goals No Data (Non-DO) Pre-Intervention Goals More active 9 Greater than Expected Enhance relaxation and peace Improve muscle tone Become a Yoga Instructor Post-Intervention Goals Self-awareness Muscle tone (Non-DO) Keywords: affect; data; dropout; goals; intervention; non; post; relaxation; yoga

## Scale

- Association Between Balance Ability and Functional Mobility in Transtibial Amputee Patients by Malik, Bushra (2025) - Exercise No 1 (3.3) Yes 29 (96.7) Houghton’s Ability Categories Limited Household 2 (6.7) Limited Community 15 (50.0) Independent Community 13 (43.3) Correlation Between BBS and Houghton Scale A moderate positive correlation was observed between the 3-Task BBS and Houghton Scale scores (ρ = 0.432, p = 0.017), indicating a meaningful association between balance ability and functional mobility (Table 6). This may reflect socio-cultural and economic barriers that restrict female participation in rehabilitation programs, a trend noted in previous studies.⁵,⁶ The moderate positive correlation between BBS and Houghton Scale scores highlights the interdependence of balance and functional mobility. Keywords: amputation; balance; bbs; houghton; mobility; rehabilitation; scale

## Psychophysiology

- Spotlight on Saybrook University’s Doctoral and Masters Programs in Applied Psychophysiology and Changes in the Journal’s Administration: Editorial by Sherman, Richard (2025) - The Department now has regionally accredited doctoral and master's programs in several areas of applied psychophysiology including clinical and research specializations and sports performance psychology. It moved through several non-accredited institutions until it was finally adopted by Saybrook University in 2013. Keywords: psychophysiology; saybrook
- What Is Psychophysiology? Where to go next? by Fatima Shad, Kaneez (2014) - Applied Psychophysiologist monitors certain physiological activities within an individual, and provides instant and appropriate feedback called the biofeedback. Cognitive psychophysiology: This branch deals with the association between the cognitive task performance and physiological events. Keywords: activity; deals; psychophysiology; skin

## Year

- Suicide; A manic engulfing youth by Ahmed, Sadaf; Noushad, Shamoon; Sheikh, Salman (2017) - Zofeen T. Ebrahim (2012, June 8).The alarming rise of teenage suicides in Pakistan. Whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any act towards the commission of such offence shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which extends to one year or with fine or both”. Keywords: retrieve; student; suicide; university; year

## Time

- Understanding DÉJÀ VU by Altaf, Kisa Fatima (2016) - There are countless philosophies as to why déjà vu happens. As well as 75% people reports that they have experienced few forms of déjà vu. Keywords: déjà; time

## Disease

- It is Time to Perform Formal Investigations of Psychophysiological Interventions That Might Slow The Progress of Alzheimer’s Disease by Sherman, Richard (2025) - Medications that reduce peripheral inflammation do not have a consistent protective effect on the progression of stage four Alzheimer’s Journal of https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad190367 https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad190367 https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad190367 https://content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad190367 Alzheimer’s disease, 71(1), pp.57-82. Keywords: alzheimer; disease

## Muscle

- Don't assume that your equipment is doing what you think it is by Sherman, Richard A. (2022) - Typical visual displays of raw signals provided by modern psychophysiological recording (and biofeedback/neurofeedback) equipment consist of sweep speed, offset, and amplification of the signal. The number of microvolts displayed for surface muscle tension signals during tensing should be very similar when about the same amount of tension is generated by the subject. Keywords: display; muscle; recording; signal

## Post

- Mood Changes in Response to Fighting Among Mixed Martial Arts Fighters; A Pre and Post-Fight Analysis by Mirza, Faizan; Fazal, Amaila (2025) - Conclusion: The study revealed that MMA fighters experience significant psychological changes post-fight, with winners showing reduced anger, tension, and confusion, and a marked decrease in anxiety and vigor. Keywords: Mood changes, fighting, mixed martial arts, MMA fighters, analysis mailto:fm.faizan.mirza@gmail.com Introduction Mixed martial arts (MMA) have seen a significant rise in popularity in Pakistan, with an increasing number of fighters emerging from various regions. Keywords: fight; fighters; losers; mma; mood; post; sport; study; winners

## Human

- Experiential evolution from both awakening and dreaming by Hassan, Waseem (2015) - Recent researches about human evolution through thoughts include an important work by Cecelia Heyes in her research New Thinking: The evolution of human cognition in which she mentions the importance of thought generation processes which triggered human mind to develop the abilities to invent languages, culture, technology and other aspects. Dreaming itself is a part of human evolution which helps one to attain a stress free life as most of the exertions of one's emotions are carried in dreams subconsciously in order to soothe the state of mind where required. Keywords: evolution; human; subconscious

## Vitamin

- Neurological disturbances caused by nutritional deficit by Altaf, Maria; Ahmed, Sadaf (2016) - Vitamin B1 deficiency causes beri-beri and the main symptom is a polyneuropathy in the legs (Berg J, Tagliaferri F, Servadei F, 2005). A number of nutritional conditions have been observed to raise the Global burden of nutritional disorders; these include the protein deficiency, iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency. Keywords: deficiency; vitamin

## Nicotine

- Evaluating Gustatory Changes in Long-Term Nicotine Users by Mirza, Faizan; Ali, Mubeen; Kaleemullah, Haris; Leghari, Muhammad Hussain; Jamal, Muhammad (2023) - By comparing taste scores across different user groups, including smokers, tobacco chewers, and nicotine patch users, the study could discern potential differences in taste perception associated with distinct modes of nicotine consumption. Numerous studies have delved into the effects of nicotine on taste perception, employing diverse methodologies to evaluate changes in taste sensitivity, preferences, and thresholds among long- term nicotine users3. Keywords: changes; groups; gustatory; nicotine; perception; study; taste; users

## Pgn

- Index by Annals of Psychophysiology (2025) - During Menopause 52 M. Persson Pgn The Silent Echoes of Trauma: How Pain Shapes Brain and Body 60 S. Noushad and S. Ahmed 2 Annals of Psychophysiology Volume 11 - December 2024 Table of Contents EDITORIAL Pgn Spotlight on Saybrook University’s Doctoral and Masters Programs in Applied 04 Psychophysiology and Changes in the Journal’s Administration R. Sherman, Editor-In-Chief ORIGINAL RESEARCH Pgn A Cyberphysiologic Technique for Stress Control Through A YouTube Video 05 Channel Useable Anytime, Anywhere D. DO Pgn The Efficacy of Biofeedback-Integrated Ambient Lighting in Stress and Anxiety 20 Reduction U. Sajid, S. Noushad, and S. Ahmed Pgn Establishment of the Relationship Between Continued Practice of Hatha Yoga 25 and Goal Attainment A. Foster Pgn Assessing the Effectiveness of Training Logic and Reasoning Skills Among Middle and 34 High School Students Using a Pre to Post Training Assessment G. Timlin Pgn Exploring the Impact of Different Yoga Practices on Psychological Resources 42 and Emotional Well-Being: A Single-Session Study. Keywords: pgn
- Index by Sherman, Richard (2025) - INDEX.pdf 2 K. Sheikh, S. Noushad, A. Hussain, J. Sheikh, B. Madad Ali Malik, B. Ansari Annals of Psychophysiology Volume 12 June 2025 Table of Contents Pgn 83 Prediction of Perception Brigid K. Turner Pgn Methylation of the NR3C1 Gene and Behavior 96 Rebecca Breitrick REVIEWS AND SUMMARIES OF HOT TOPICS IN PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY Pgn 11 Pgn A Systematic Review: Manipulation vs. Mobilization for Mechanical Neck Pain 27 B. Madad Ali Malik, S. Noushad, K. Sheikh, A.Rayyan, S. Riaz & B. Ansari Pgn The Role of Play-Based Therapy in Managing Motor Skills in Children with 65 Cerebral Palsy (CP): A Systematic Review W. Khan Afsar & H. Hashim EDITORIAL 03 It is Time to Perform Formal Investigations of Psychophysiological Interventions That Might Slow The Progress of Alzheimer’s Disease R. Sherman, Editor-In-Chief ORIGINAL RESEARCH Pgn Mood Changes in Response to Fighting Among Mixed Martial Arts Fighters; 04 A Pre and Post-Fight Analysis Exploring the Role ofNeuromuscular Electrical Stimulationin Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy:ANarrative ReviewofMotor Recovery andFunctional Outcomes F.Mirzaand A.Fazal Pgn Keywords: pgn

## Methylation

- Methylation of the NR3C1 Gene and Behavior by Breitrick, Rebecca (2025) - NR3C1 Methylation, Childhood Maltreatment, and Reward Responsiveness A study completed by Xu et al. (2025) examined the relationship between childhood maltreatment, methylation of the NR3C1 gene, and reward responsiveness. Their hypothesis asserted that these interactions would relate to experiences of depression and anxiety and have a significant effect on the experience of anhedonia, a common symptom of depression defined as the inability to experience pleasure (Xu et al., 2025). Keywords: et al; methylation; nr3c1

## Award

- Editorial by Sherman, Dr. Richard (2025) - There seems to be less interest in purchasing entire books when the books cover far more material than a particular topic of interest. It is time for journals to step into the breach to provide peer-reviewed pamphlets covering narrow, targeted topics of interest to professionals who do not want to read an entire book on a broader topic or spend time gathering sufficient review articles to provide the crucial information. Keywords: award

## Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23