id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
spir-12167	Frayha, Assil; Kraidy, Marwan M.	MEGAPHONE: SOCIAL-MEDIA-NATIVE OUTLETS BETWEEN EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE AND ALGORITHMIC CONSTRAINTS	2021.0	3	.pdf	application/pdf	1278	71	46	While we mainly focus on the rise of independent digital media outlets like Megaphone which accompanied Lebanon’s 2019 uprising, we also show how, in Lebanon, independence movements, protest movements, and uprisings have historically contributed to introducing new media forms and outlets and shaping Lebanon’s media. Though the role of digital media in protests has received plenty of attention since the onset of Occupy Wall Street and the Arab Uprisings (Penney & Dadas, 2014; Herrera, 2014; Howard & Hussain, 2013) a decade ago, the way that protest movements have enabled the institutional development of independent digital news media has received less attention.	cache/spir-12167.pdf	txt/spir-12167.txt