id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-11019	1	1	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
spir-11019	1	2	word	word	PROPN
spir-11019	1	3	aoir2019-appstoresplatformpower-final-formatted.docx	aoir2019-appstoresplatformpower-final-formatted.docx	PROPN
spir-11019	1	4	selected	select	VERB
spir-11019	1	5	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-11019	1	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	1	7	#	#	SYM
spir-11019	1	8	aoir2019	aoir2019	PROPN
spir-11019	1	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	10	the	the	DET
spir-11019	1	11	20th	20th	ADJ
spir-11019	1	12	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-11019	1	13	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-11019	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	1	15	the	the	DET
spir-11019	1	16	association	association	NOUN
spir-11019	1	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	1	18	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11019	1	19	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-11019	1	20	brisbane	brisbane	NOUN
spir-11019	1	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	22	australia	australia	PROPN
spir-11019	1	23	/	/	SYM
spir-11019	1	24	2	2	NUM
spir-11019	1	25	-	-	SYM
spir-11019	1	26	5	5	NUM
spir-11019	1	27	october	october	NOUN
spir-11019	1	28	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11019	1	29	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-11019	1	30	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-11019	1	31	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	32	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-11019	1	33	):	):	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	34	nieborg	nieborg	ADJ
spir-11019	1	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	36	d.b	d.b	PROPN
spir-11019	1	37	.	.	PROPN
spir-11019	1	38	van	van	PROPN
spir-11019	1	39	dijck	dijck	PROPN
spir-11019	1	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	41	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11019	1	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	43	poell	poell	NOUN
spir-11019	1	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	45	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-11019	1	46	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	47	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11019	1	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	49	october	october	PROPN
spir-11019	1	50	2	2	NUM
spir-11019	1	51	-	-	SYM
spir-11019	1	52	5	5	NUM
spir-11019	1	53	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	1	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	2	1	analyzing	analyze	VERB
spir-11019	2	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	2	3	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	2	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	3	1	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	3	2	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	3	3	as	as	ADP
spir-11019	3	4	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	3	5	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	3	6	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	3	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	4	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11019	4	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-11019	4	3	at	at	ADP
spir-11019	4	4	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-11019	4	5	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11019	4	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	4	7	the	the	DET
spir-11019	4	8	20th	20th	ADJ
spir-11019	4	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-11019	4	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-11019	4	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	4	12	the	the	DET
spir-11019	4	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-11019	4	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	4	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11019	4	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-11019	4	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	5	1	brisbane	brisbane	PROPN
spir-11019	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	5	3	australia	australia	PROPN
spir-11019	5	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	5	5	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-11019	5	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	5	7	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-11019	5	8	from	from	ADP
spir-11019	5	9	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-11019	5	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	1	analyzing	analyze	VERB
spir-11019	6	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	6	3	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	6	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	5	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	6	6	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	6	7	as	as	ADP
spir-11019	6	8	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	6	9	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	6	10	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	6	11	david	david	PROPN
spir-11019	6	12	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-11019	6	13	nieborg	nieborg	PROPN
spir-11019	6	14	university	university	PROPN
spir-11019	6	15	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	6	16	toronto	toronto	PROPN
spir-11019	6	17	josé	josé	PROPN
spir-11019	6	18	van	van	PROPN
spir-11019	6	19	dijck	dijck	PROPN
spir-11019	6	20	utrecht	utrecht	PROPN
spir-11019	6	21	university	university	PROPN
spir-11019	6	22	thomas	thomas	PROPN
spir-11019	6	23	poell	poell	PROPN
spir-11019	6	24	university	university	PROPN
spir-11019	6	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	6	26	amsterdam	amsterdam	PROPN
spir-11019	6	27	february	february	PROPN
spir-11019	6	28	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11019	6	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	30	tech	tech	NOUN
spir-11019	6	31	magazine	magazine	NOUN
spir-11019	6	32	techcrunch	techcrunch	NOUN
spir-11019	6	33	revealed	reveal	VERB
spir-11019	6	34	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11019	6	35	mobile	mobile	ADJ
spir-11019	6	36	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	6	37	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	6	38	have	have	AUX
spir-11019	6	39	been	be	AUX
spir-11019	6	40	abusing	abuse	VERB
spir-11019	6	41	so	so	ADV
spir-11019	6	42	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	43	called	call	VERB
spir-11019	6	44	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	45	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
spir-11019	6	46	certificates	certificate	NOUN
spir-11019	6	47	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	48	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	49	constine	constine	NOUN
spir-11019	6	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	51	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11019	6	52	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	6	53	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	7	1	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	7	2	grants	grant	VERB
spir-11019	7	3	these	these	DET
spir-11019	7	4	special	special	ADJ
spir-11019	7	5	software	software	NOUN
spir-11019	7	6	licenses	license	NOUN
spir-11019	7	7	to	to	ADP
spir-11019	7	8	businesses	business	NOUN
spir-11019	7	9	to	to	PART
spir-11019	7	10	bypass	bypass	VERB
spir-11019	7	11	the	the	DET
spir-11019	7	12	ios	ios	PRON
spir-11019	7	13	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	7	14	store	store	NOUN
spir-11019	7	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	7	16	distribute	distribute	VERB
spir-11019	7	17	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	7	18	among	among	ADP
spir-11019	7	19	employees	employee	NOUN
spir-11019	7	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	8	1	what	what	PRON
spir-11019	8	2	prompted	prompt	VERB
spir-11019	8	3	techcrunch	techcrunch	NOUN
spir-11019	8	4	’s	’s	PART
spir-11019	8	5	investigation	investigation	NOUN
spir-11019	8	6	was	be	AUX
spir-11019	8	7	earlier	early	ADV
spir-11019	8	8	reporting	report	VERB
spir-11019	8	9	on	on	ADP
spir-11019	8	10	the	the	DET
spir-11019	8	11	misuse	misuse	NOUN
spir-11019	8	12	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	8	13	these	these	DET
spir-11019	8	14	certificates	certificate	NOUN
spir-11019	8	15	by	by	ADP
spir-11019	8	16	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11019	8	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	8	18	google	google	PROPN
spir-11019	8	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	9	1	it	it	PRON
spir-11019	9	2	turned	turn	VERB
spir-11019	9	3	out	out	ADP
spir-11019	9	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	9	5	smaller	small	ADJ
spir-11019	9	6	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	9	7	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	9	8	also	also	ADV
spir-11019	9	9	exploited	exploit	VERB
spir-11019	9	10	this	this	DET
spir-11019	9	11	loophole	loophole	NOUN
spir-11019	9	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	10	1	techcrunch	techcrunch	PROPN
spir-11019	10	2	pointed	point	VERB
spir-11019	10	3	to	to	ADP
spir-11019	10	4	real	real	ADJ
spir-11019	10	5	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	10	6	money	money	NOUN
spir-11019	10	7	gambling	gambling	NOUN
spir-11019	10	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	10	9	pornography	pornography	NOUN
spir-11019	10	10	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	10	12	the	the	DET
spir-11019	10	13	latter	latter	ADJ
spir-11019	10	14	category	category	NOUN
spir-11019	10	15	being	be	AUX
spir-11019	10	16	outright	outright	ADV
spir-11019	10	17	forbidden	forbid	VERB
spir-11019	10	18	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	10	19	the	the	DET
spir-11019	10	20	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	10	21	store	store	NOUN
spir-11019	10	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	11	1	this	this	DET
spir-11019	11	2	story	story	NOUN
spir-11019	11	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	11	4	a	a	DET
spir-11019	11	5	heavily	heavily	ADV
spir-11019	11	6	regulated	regulate	VERB
spir-11019	11	7	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	11	8	space	space	NOUN
spir-11019	11	9	speaks	speak	VERB
spir-11019	11	10	to	to	ADP
spir-11019	11	11	the	the	DET
spir-11019	11	12	broader	broad	ADJ
spir-11019	11	13	question	question	NOUN
spir-11019	11	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	11	15	the	the	DET
spir-11019	11	16	evolution	evolution	NOUN
spir-11019	11	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	11	18	entrenchment	entrenchment	NOUN
spir-11019	11	19	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	11	20	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	11	21	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	11	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	12	1	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	12	2	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	12	3	one	one	NUM
spir-11019	12	4	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	12	5	a	a	DET
spir-11019	12	6	very	very	ADV
spir-11019	12	7	select	select	ADJ
spir-11019	12	8	group	group	NOUN
spir-11019	12	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	12	10	u.s.-based	u.s.-based	ADJ
spir-11019	12	11	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	12	12	operators	operator	NOUN
spir-11019	12	13	that	that	PRON
spir-11019	12	14	shape	shape	VERB
spir-11019	12	15	the	the	DET
spir-11019	12	16	flow	flow	NOUN
spir-11019	12	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	12	18	public	public	ADJ
spir-11019	12	19	information	information	NOUN
spir-11019	12	20	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	12	21	the	the	DET
spir-11019	12	22	western	western	ADJ
spir-11019	12	23	world	world	NOUN
spir-11019	12	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	12	25	thereby	thereby	ADV
spir-11019	12	26	disrupting	disrupt	VERB
spir-11019	12	27	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-11019	12	28	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-11019	12	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	12	30	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-11019	12	31	sectors	sector	NOUN
spir-11019	12	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	13	1	as	as	ADP
spir-11019	13	2	a	a	DET
spir-11019	13	3	broad	broad	ADJ
spir-11019	13	4	variety	variety	NOUN
spir-11019	13	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	13	6	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-11019	13	7	pointed	point	VERB
spir-11019	13	8	out	out	ADP
spir-11019	13	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	13	10	there	there	PRON
spir-11019	13	11	is	be	VERB
spir-11019	13	12	a	a	DET
spir-11019	13	13	severe	severe	ADJ
spir-11019	13	14	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-11019	13	15	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	13	16	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-11019	13	17	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	13	18	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11019	13	19	these	these	DET
spir-11019	13	20	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	13	21	operate	operate	VERB
spir-11019	13	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	13	23	intervene	intervene	VERB
spir-11019	13	24	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	13	25	public	public	ADJ
spir-11019	13	26	life	life	NOUN
spir-11019	13	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	13	28	bucher	bucher	PROPN
spir-11019	13	29	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11019	13	30	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11019	13	31	gillespie	gillespie	PROPN
spir-11019	13	32	2018a	2018a	NUM
spir-11019	13	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	13	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	1	this	this	PRON
spir-11019	14	2	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	14	3	particularly	particularly	ADV
spir-11019	14	4	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-11019	14	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	6	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11019	14	7	their	their	PRON
spir-11019	14	8	interventions	intervention	NOUN
spir-11019	14	9	conflict	conflict	NOUN
spir-11019	14	10	with	with	ADP
spir-11019	14	11	vital	vital	ADJ
spir-11019	14	12	public	public	ADJ
spir-11019	14	13	values	value	NOUN
spir-11019	14	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	15	undermining	undermine	VERB
spir-11019	14	16	socioeconomic	socioeconomic	ADJ
spir-11019	14	17	equality	equality	NOUN
spir-11019	14	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	19	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-11019	14	20	processes	process	NOUN
spir-11019	14	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	14	23	the	the	DET
spir-11019	14	24	quality	quality	NOUN
spir-11019	14	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	14	26	public	public	ADJ
spir-11019	14	27	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	14	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	29	van	van	PROPN
spir-11019	14	30	dijck	dijck	NOUN
spir-11019	14	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	32	poell	poell	NOUN
spir-11019	14	33	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	14	34	de	de	PROPN
spir-11019	14	35	waal	waal	PROPN
spir-11019	14	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	37	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11019	14	38	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	14	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	15	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	15	2	this	this	DET
spir-11019	15	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11019	15	4	we	we	PRON
spir-11019	15	5	examine	examine	VERB
spir-11019	15	6	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11019	15	7	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	15	8	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	15	9	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	15	10	operationalized	operationalize	VERB
spir-11019	15	11	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	15	12	the	the	DET
spir-11019	15	13	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-11019	15	14	case	case	NOUN
spir-11019	15	15	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	15	16	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	15	17	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	15	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	16	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11019	16	2	take	take	VERB
spir-11019	16	3	a	a	DET
spir-11019	16	4	first	first	ADJ
spir-11019	16	5	step	step	NOUN
spir-11019	16	6	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	16	7	developing	develop	VERB
spir-11019	16	8	an	an	DET
spir-11019	16	9	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-11019	16	10	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-11019	16	11	that	that	PRON
spir-11019	16	12	critically	critically	ADV
spir-11019	16	13	examines	examine	VERB
spir-11019	16	14	the	the	DET
spir-11019	16	15	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	16	16	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	16	17	relations	relation	NOUN
spir-11019	16	18	that	that	PRON
spir-11019	16	19	constitute	constitute	VERB
spir-11019	16	20	online	online	ADJ
spir-11019	16	21	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	16	22	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	16	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	17	1	this	this	PRON
spir-11019	17	2	involves	involve	VERB
spir-11019	17	3	distinguishing	distinguish	VERB
spir-11019	17	4	among	among	ADP
spir-11019	17	5	different	different	ADJ
spir-11019	17	6	levels	level	NOUN
spir-11019	17	7	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	17	8	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	17	9	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	17	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11019	17	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	1	building	build	VERB
spir-11019	18	2	on	on	ADP
spir-11019	18	3	a	a	DET
spir-11019	18	4	relational	relational	ADJ
spir-11019	18	5	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-11019	18	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	18	7	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	18	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	9	we	we	PRON
spir-11019	18	10	propose	propose	VERB
spir-11019	18	11	an	an	DET
spir-11019	18	12	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-11019	18	13	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
spir-11019	18	14	to	to	PART
spir-11019	18	15	systematically	systematically	ADV
spir-11019	18	16	interrogate	interrogate	VERB
spir-11019	18	17	the	the	DET
spir-11019	18	18	material	material	NOUN
spir-11019	18	19	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	18	20	2	2	NUM
spir-11019	18	21	relations	relation	NOUN
spir-11019	18	22	among	among	ADP
spir-11019	18	23	the	the	DET
spir-11019	18	24	three	three	NUM
spir-11019	18	25	main	main	ADJ
spir-11019	18	26	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	18	27	active	active	ADJ
spir-11019	18	28	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	18	29	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	18	30	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	18	31	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	32	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	18	33	operators	operator	NOUN
spir-11019	18	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	35	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-11019	18	36	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	18	37	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	39	third	third	ADJ
spir-11019	18	40	party	party	NOUN
spir-11019	18	41	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-11019	18	42	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	43	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-11019	18	44	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	18	45	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	18	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	47	businesses	business	NOUN
spir-11019	18	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	49	governments	government	NOUN
spir-11019	18	50	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	52	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	18	53	end	end	NOUN
spir-11019	18	54	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	55	users	user	NOUN
spir-11019	18	56	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	57	i.e.	i.e.	X
spir-11019	18	58	individuals	individual	NOUN
spir-11019	18	59	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	18	60	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	19	1	five	five	NUM
spir-11019	19	2	levels	level	NOUN
spir-11019	19	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	19	4	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	19	5	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	19	6	to	to	PART
spir-11019	19	7	better	well	ADV
spir-11019	19	8	differentiate	differentiate	VERB
spir-11019	19	9	among	among	ADP
spir-11019	19	10	the	the	DET
spir-11019	19	11	different	different	ADJ
spir-11019	19	12	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	19	13	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	19	14	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	19	15	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	19	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	19	17	the	the	DET
spir-11019	19	18	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11019	19	19	proposes	propose	VERB
spir-11019	19	20	to	to	PART
spir-11019	19	21	study	study	VERB
spir-11019	19	22	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	19	23	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	19	24	at	at	ADP
spir-11019	19	25	five	five	NUM
spir-11019	19	26	expanding	expand	VERB
spir-11019	19	27	levels	level	NOUN
spir-11019	19	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	19	29	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-11019	19	30	to	to	ADP
spir-11019	19	31	those	those	PRON
spir-11019	19	32	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	19	33	ecological	ecological	ADJ
spir-11019	19	34	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	19	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	20	1	the	the	DET
spir-11019	20	2	first	first	ADJ
spir-11019	20	3	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	20	4	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	20	5	that	that	PRON
spir-11019	20	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	20	7	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-11019	20	8	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	20	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	20	10	who	who	PRON
spir-11019	20	11	can	can	AUX
spir-11019	20	12	be	be	AUX
spir-11019	20	13	end	end	NOUN
spir-11019	20	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	20	15	users	user	NOUN
spir-11019	20	16	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	20	17	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	20	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	20	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	20	20	who	who	PRON
spir-11019	20	21	typically	typically	ADV
spir-11019	20	22	only	only	ADV
spir-11019	20	23	yield	yield	VERB
spir-11019	20	24	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	20	25	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	20	26	the	the	DET
spir-11019	20	27	aggregate	aggregate	NOUN
spir-11019	20	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	21	1	second	second	ADJ
spir-11019	21	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	21	3	these	these	DET
spir-11019	21	4	users	user	NOUN
spir-11019	21	5	constitute	constitute	VERB
spir-11019	21	6	populations	population	NOUN
spir-11019	21	7	aggregated	aggregate	VERB
spir-11019	21	8	by	by	ADP
spir-11019	21	9	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	21	10	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	21	11	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	21	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	22	1	the	the	DET
spir-11019	22	2	ios	ios	PROPN
spir-11019	22	3	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	22	4	store	store	NOUN
spir-11019	22	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	22	6	we	we	PRON
spir-11019	22	7	argue	argue	VERB
spir-11019	22	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	22	9	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	22	10	an	an	DET
spir-11019	22	11	example	example	NOUN
spir-11019	22	12	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	22	13	such	such	DET
spir-11019	22	14	a	a	DET
spir-11019	22	15	service	service	NOUN
spir-11019	22	16	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11019	22	17	it	it	PRON
spir-11019	22	18	acts	act	VERB
spir-11019	22	19	as	as	ADP
spir-11019	22	20	a	a	DET
spir-11019	22	21	key	key	ADJ
spir-11019	22	22	access	access	NOUN
spir-11019	22	23	node	node	NOUN
spir-11019	22	24	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	22	25	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	22	26	’s	’s	PART
spir-11019	22	27	wider	wide	ADJ
spir-11019	22	28	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	22	29	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	22	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	23	1	end	end	NOUN
spir-11019	23	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	23	3	users	user	NOUN
spir-11019	23	4	need	need	VERB
spir-11019	23	5	access	access	NOUN
spir-11019	23	6	to	to	ADP
spir-11019	23	7	the	the	DET
spir-11019	23	8	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	23	9	store	store	NOUN
spir-11019	23	10	to	to	PART
spir-11019	23	11	download	download	VERB
spir-11019	23	12	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-11019	23	13	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	23	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	23	15	competing	compete	VERB
spir-11019	23	16	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	23	17	operators	operator	NOUN
spir-11019	23	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	23	19	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11019	23	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	23	21	google	google	PROPN
spir-11019	23	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	23	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	23	24	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	23	25	need	need	VERB
spir-11019	23	26	access	access	NOUN
spir-11019	23	27	to	to	PART
spir-11019	23	28	offer	offer	VERB
spir-11019	23	29	their	their	PRON
spir-11019	23	30	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	23	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	23	32	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	23	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	24	1	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	24	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	24	3	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	24	4	operate	operate	VERB
spir-11019	24	5	as	as	ADP
spir-11019	24	6	markets	market	NOUN
spir-11019	24	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	24	8	connecting	connect	VERB
spir-11019	24	9	different	different	ADJ
spir-11019	24	10	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	24	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	25	1	they	they	PRON
spir-11019	25	2	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	25	3	the	the	DET
spir-11019	25	4	connective	connective	ADJ
spir-11019	25	5	glue	glue	NOUN
spir-11019	25	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	25	7	so	so	ADV
spir-11019	25	8	to	to	PART
spir-11019	25	9	say	say	VERB
spir-11019	25	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	25	11	that	that	PRON
spir-11019	25	12	allows	allow	VERB
spir-11019	25	13	tech	tech	NOUN
spir-11019	25	14	companies	company	NOUN
spir-11019	25	15	to	to	PART
spir-11019	25	16	govern	govern	VERB
spir-11019	25	17	an	an	DET
spir-11019	25	18	opaque	opaque	ADJ
spir-11019	25	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	25	20	complex	complex	ADJ
spir-11019	25	21	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	25	22	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	25	23	which	which	PRON
spir-11019	25	24	connections	connection	NOUN
spir-11019	25	25	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	25	26	invisible	invisible	ADJ
spir-11019	25	27	to	to	ADP
spir-11019	25	28	the	the	DET
spir-11019	25	29	public	public	ADJ
spir-11019	25	30	eye	eye	NOUN
spir-11019	25	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	25	32	hence	hence	ADV
spir-11019	25	33	largely	largely	ADV
spir-11019	25	34	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-11019	25	35	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-11019	25	36	control	control	NOUN
spir-11019	25	37	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	26	1	for	for	ADP
spir-11019	26	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	26	3	operators	operator	NOUN
spir-11019	26	4	there	there	PRON
spir-11019	26	5	is	be	VERB
spir-11019	26	6	an	an	DET
spir-11019	26	7	incentive	incentive	NOUN
spir-11019	26	8	to	to	PART
spir-11019	26	9	expand	expand	VERB
spir-11019	26	10	its	its	PRON
spir-11019	26	11	reach	reach	NOUN
spir-11019	26	12	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-11019	26	13	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-11019	26	14	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	26	15	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	26	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	26	17	which	which	PRON
spir-11019	26	18	brings	bring	VERB
spir-11019	26	19	us	we	PRON
spir-11019	26	20	to	to	ADP
spir-11019	26	21	the	the	DET
spir-11019	26	22	third	third	ADJ
spir-11019	26	23	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	26	24	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	26	25	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	26	26	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	26	27	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	26	28	those	those	PRON
spir-11019	26	29	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	26	30	company	company	NOUN
spir-11019	26	31	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	26	32	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	26	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	27	1	for	for	ADP
spir-11019	27	2	example	example	NOUN
spir-11019	27	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	27	4	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	27	5	has	have	AUX
spir-11019	27	6	amassed	amass	VERB
spir-11019	27	7	hundreds	hundred	NOUN
spir-11019	27	8	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	27	9	millions	million	NOUN
spir-11019	27	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	27	11	users	user	NOUN
spir-11019	27	12	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	27	13	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	27	14	devices	device	NOUN
spir-11019	27	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	27	16	all	all	PRON
spir-11019	27	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	27	18	whom	whom	PRON
spir-11019	27	19	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	27	20	subject	subject	ADJ
spir-11019	27	21	to	to	ADP
spir-11019	27	22	the	the	DET
spir-11019	27	23	rules	rule	NOUN
spir-11019	27	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	27	25	regulations	regulation	NOUN
spir-11019	27	26	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	27	27	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-11019	27	28	frameworks	framework	NOUN
spir-11019	27	29	set	set	VERB
spir-11019	27	30	by	by	ADP
spir-11019	27	31	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	27	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	28	1	collectively	collectively	ADV
spir-11019	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	28	3	major	major	ADJ
spir-11019	28	4	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	28	5	companies	company	NOUN
spir-11019	28	6	exercise	exercise	VERB
spir-11019	28	7	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	28	8	on	on	ADP
spir-11019	28	9	a	a	DET
spir-11019	28	10	fourth	fourth	ADJ
spir-11019	28	11	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	28	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	28	13	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11019	28	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	28	15	the	the	DET
spir-11019	28	16	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
spir-11019	28	17	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	28	18	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	28	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	29	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11019	29	2	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
spir-11019	29	3	between	between	ADP
spir-11019	29	4	two	two	NUM
spir-11019	29	5	dominant	dominant	ADJ
spir-11019	29	6	ones	one	NOUN
spir-11019	29	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	30	1	u.s.-based	u.s.-based	ADJ
spir-11019	30	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	30	3	companies	company	NOUN
spir-11019	30	4	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	30	5	primarily	primarily	ADV
spir-11019	30	6	active	active	ADJ
spir-11019	30	7	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	30	8	the	the	DET
spir-11019	30	9	west	west	NOUN
spir-11019	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	30	11	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
spir-11019	30	12	china	china	PROPN
spir-11019	30	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	30	14	based	base	VERB
spir-11019	30	15	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	30	16	originate	originate	VERB
spir-11019	30	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	30	18	operate	operate	VERB
spir-11019	30	19	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	30	20	a	a	DET
spir-11019	30	21	heavily	heavily	ADV
spir-11019	30	22	state	state	NOUN
spir-11019	30	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	30	24	sanctioned	sanction	VERB
spir-11019	30	25	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-11019	30	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	31	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
spir-11019	31	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	31	3	the	the	DET
spir-11019	31	4	highest	high	ADJ
spir-11019	31	5	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	31	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	31	7	abstraction	abstraction	NOUN
spir-11019	31	8	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	31	9	the	the	DET
spir-11019	31	10	global	global	ADJ
spir-11019	31	11	platform	platform	PROPN
spir-11019	31	12	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	31	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	31	14	which	which	PRON
spir-11019	31	15	combines	combine	VERB
spir-11019	31	16	all	all	DET
spir-11019	31	17	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-11019	31	18	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	31	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	31	20	encompasses	encompass	VERB
spir-11019	31	21	all	all	DET
spir-11019	31	22	levels	level	NOUN
spir-11019	31	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	32	1	this	this	DET
spir-11019	32	2	fifth	fifth	ADJ
spir-11019	32	3	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	32	4	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	32	5	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11019	32	6	to	to	PART
spir-11019	32	7	become	become	VERB
spir-11019	32	8	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-11019	32	9	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-11019	32	10	to	to	PART
spir-11019	32	11	scholarship	scholarship	VERB
spir-11019	32	12	on	on	ADP
spir-11019	32	13	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	32	14	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	32	15	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11019	32	16	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	32	17	have	have	VERB
spir-11019	32	18	ambitions	ambition	NOUN
spir-11019	32	19	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-11019	32	20	their	their	PRON
spir-11019	32	21	respective	respective	ADJ
spir-11019	32	22	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
spir-11019	32	23	spheres	sphere	NOUN
spir-11019	32	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	33	1	studying	study	VERB
spir-11019	33	2	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	33	3	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	33	4	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	33	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	33	6	such	such	ADJ
spir-11019	33	7	as	as	ADP
spir-11019	33	8	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	33	9	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	33	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	33	11	offers	offer	VERB
spir-11019	33	12	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-11019	33	13	insight	insight	NOUN
spir-11019	33	14	into	into	ADP
spir-11019	33	15	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11019	33	16	globally	globally	ADV
spir-11019	33	17	operating	operating	NOUN
spir-11019	33	18	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	33	19	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	33	20	able	able	ADJ
spir-11019	33	21	to	to	PART
spir-11019	33	22	set	set	VERB
spir-11019	33	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	33	24	steer	steer	NOUN
spir-11019	33	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	33	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	33	27	bend	bend	VERB
spir-11019	33	28	rules	rule	NOUN
spir-11019	33	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	33	30	norms	norm	NOUN
spir-11019	33	31	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11019	33	32	impact	impact	VERB
spir-11019	33	33	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-11019	33	34	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	33	35	on	on	ADP
spir-11019	33	36	the	the	DET
spir-11019	33	37	local	local	ADJ
spir-11019	33	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	33	39	national	national	ADJ
spir-11019	33	40	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	33	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	34	1	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	34	2	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	34	3	as	as	ADP
spir-11019	34	4	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	34	5	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	34	6	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	34	7	the	the	DET
spir-11019	34	8	typical	typical	ADJ
spir-11019	34	9	unit	unit	NOUN
spir-11019	34	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	34	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11019	34	12	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	34	13	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
spir-11019	34	14	discussing	discuss	VERB
spir-11019	34	15	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	34	16	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	34	17	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	34	18	either	either	CCONJ
spir-11019	34	19	the	the	DET
spir-11019	34	20	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	34	21	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	34	22	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-11019	34	23	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	34	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	34	25	company	company	NOUN
spir-11019	34	26	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	34	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	34	28	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	34	29	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
spir-11019	34	30	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	34	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	35	1	missing	miss	VERB
spir-11019	35	2	here	here	ADV
spir-11019	35	3	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	35	4	the	the	DET
spir-11019	35	5	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	35	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	35	7	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	35	8	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	35	9	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	35	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	35	11	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11019	35	12	they	they	PRON
spir-11019	35	13	fit	fit	VERB
spir-11019	35	14	into	into	ADP
spir-11019	35	15	the	the	DET
spir-11019	35	16	higher	high	ADJ
spir-11019	35	17	levels	level	NOUN
spir-11019	35	18	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	35	19	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	35	20	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	35	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	1	examples	example	NOUN
spir-11019	36	2	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	36	3	such	such	ADJ
spir-11019	36	4	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	36	5	include	include	VERB
spir-11019	36	6	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	36	7	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	36	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	9	but	but	CCONJ
spir-11019	36	10	also	also	ADV
spir-11019	36	11	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-11019	36	12	networks	network	NOUN
spir-11019	36	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	14	login	login	NOUN
spir-11019	36	15	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	36	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	17	cloud	cloud	NOUN
spir-11019	36	18	hosting	hosting	NOUN
spir-11019	36	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	20	payment	payment	NOUN
spir-11019	36	21	systems	system	NOUN
spir-11019	36	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	23	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11019	36	24	analytics	analytic	NOUN
spir-11019	36	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	36	27	artificial	artificial	ADJ
spir-11019	36	28	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
spir-11019	36	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	30	ai	ai	NOUN
spir-11019	36	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	36	32	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	36	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	37	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11019	37	2	consider	consider	VERB
spir-11019	37	3	these	these	DET
spir-11019	37	4	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	37	5	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	37	6	because	because	SCONJ
spir-11019	37	7	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	37	8	their	their	PRON
spir-11019	37	9	ubiquity	ubiquity	NOUN
spir-11019	37	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	37	11	consistent	consistent	ADJ
spir-11019	37	12	use	use	NOUN
spir-11019	37	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	37	14	which	which	PRON
spir-11019	37	15	allows	allow	VERB
spir-11019	37	16	for	for	ADP
spir-11019	37	17	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	37	18	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	37	19	to	to	PART
spir-11019	37	20	emerge	emerge	VERB
spir-11019	37	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	37	22	to	to	PART
spir-11019	37	23	be	be	AUX
spir-11019	37	24	consolidated	consolidate	VERB
spir-11019	37	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	37	26	plantin	plantin	PROPN
spir-11019	37	27	et	et	PROPN
spir-11019	37	28	al	al	PROPN
spir-11019	37	29	.	.	PROPN
spir-11019	37	30	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11019	37	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	37	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	38	1	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	38	2	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	38	4	then	then	ADV
spir-11019	38	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	38	6	offer	offer	VERB
spir-11019	38	7	a	a	DET
spir-11019	38	8	standardized	standardized	ADJ
spir-11019	38	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	38	10	techno	techno	NOUN
spir-11019	38	11	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	38	12	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-11019	38	13	architecture	architecture	NOUN
spir-11019	38	14	for	for	ADP
spir-11019	38	15	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	38	16	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	38	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	39	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	39	2	the	the	DET
spir-11019	39	3	west	west	NOUN
spir-11019	39	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	39	5	to	to	PART
spir-11019	39	6	reach	reach	VERB
spir-11019	39	7	billions	billion	NOUN
spir-11019	39	8	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	39	9	mobile	mobile	ADJ
spir-11019	39	10	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11019	39	11	users	user	NOUN
spir-11019	39	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	39	13	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	39	14	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	39	15	have	have	VERB
spir-11019	39	16	to	to	PART
spir-11019	39	17	go	go	VERB
spir-11019	39	18	through	through	ADP
spir-11019	39	19	either	either	DET
spir-11019	39	20	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	39	21	’s	’s	PART
spir-11019	39	22	ios	ios	PROPN
spir-11019	39	23	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	39	24	store	store	NOUN
spir-11019	39	25	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	39	26	google	google	PROPN
spir-11019	39	27	’s	’s	PART
spir-11019	39	28	play	play	NOUN
spir-11019	39	29	store	store	NOUN
spir-11019	39	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	40	1	thus	thus	ADV
spir-11019	40	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	40	3	their	their	PRON
spir-11019	40	4	reach	reach	NOUN
spir-11019	40	5	extends	extend	VERB
spir-11019	40	6	far	far	ADV
spir-11019	40	7	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-11019	40	8	dominant	dominant	ADJ
spir-11019	40	9	marketplaces	marketplace	NOUN
spir-11019	40	10	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	40	11	physical	physical	ADJ
spir-11019	40	12	domains	domain	NOUN
spir-11019	40	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	40	14	such	such	ADJ
spir-11019	40	15	as	as	ADP
spir-11019	40	16	walmart	walmart	NOUN
spir-11019	40	17	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	40	18	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11019	40	19	markt	markt	NOUN
spir-11019	40	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	41	1	3	3	NUM
spir-11019	41	2	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	41	3	the	the	DET
spir-11019	41	4	case	case	NOUN
spir-11019	41	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	41	6	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	41	7	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	41	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	41	9	the	the	DET
spir-11019	41	10	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11019	41	11	shows	show	VERB
spir-11019	41	12	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11019	41	13	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	41	14	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	41	15	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	41	16	not	not	PART
spir-11019	41	17	casual	casual	ADJ
spir-11019	41	18	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	41	19	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-11019	41	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	41	21	but	but	CCONJ
spir-11019	41	22	highly	highly	ADV
spir-11019	41	23	strategic	strategic	ADJ
spir-11019	41	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	41	25	uniform	uniform	NOUN
spir-11019	41	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	41	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	41	28	centralized	centralize	VERB
spir-11019	41	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	42	1	first	first	ADV
spir-11019	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	42	3	we	we	PRON
spir-11019	42	4	examine	examine	VERB
spir-11019	42	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11019	42	6	endusers	enduser	NOUN
spir-11019	42	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	42	8	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	42	9	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	42	10	firmly	firmly	ADV
spir-11019	42	11	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11019	42	12	locked	lock	VERB
spir-11019	42	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11019	42	14	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	42	15	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11019	42	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	42	17	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11019	42	18	it	it	PRON
spir-11019	42	19	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	42	20	impossible	impossible	ADJ
spir-11019	42	21	to	to	PART
spir-11019	42	22	transfer	transfer	VERB
spir-11019	42	23	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11019	42	24	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	42	25	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	42	26	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	42	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	42	28	outside	outside	ADP
spir-11019	42	29	the	the	DET
spir-11019	42	30	proprietary	proprietary	ADJ
spir-11019	42	31	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	42	32	walls	wall	NOUN
spir-11019	42	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	43	1	second	second	ADJ
spir-11019	43	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	43	3	the	the	DET
spir-11019	43	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11019	43	5	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
spir-11019	43	6	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11019	43	7	by	by	ADP
spir-11019	43	8	active	active	ADJ
spir-11019	43	9	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
spir-11019	43	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	43	11	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	43	12	operators	operator	NOUN
spir-11019	43	13	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	43	14	able	able	ADJ
spir-11019	43	15	to	to	PART
spir-11019	43	16	halt	halt	VERB
spir-11019	43	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	43	18	prohibit	prohibit	NOUN
spir-11019	43	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	43	20	block	block	NOUN
spir-11019	43	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	43	22	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	43	23	privilege	privilege	VERB
spir-11019	43	24	some	some	DET
spir-11019	43	25	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	43	26	over	over	ADP
spir-11019	43	27	others	other	NOUN
spir-11019	43	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	44	1	this	this	PRON
spir-11019	44	2	raises	raise	VERB
spir-11019	44	3	the	the	DET
spir-11019	44	4	wider	wide	ADJ
spir-11019	44	5	question	question	NOUN
spir-11019	44	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	44	7	market	market	NOUN
spir-11019	44	8	entry	entry	NOUN
spir-11019	44	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	44	10	distribution	distribution	NOUN
spir-11019	44	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	44	12	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-11019	44	13	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	44	14	the	the	DET
spir-11019	44	15	case	case	NOUN
spir-11019	44	16	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	44	17	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-11019	44	18	production	production	NOUN
spir-11019	44	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	44	20	nieborg	nieborg	PROPN
spir-11019	44	21	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	44	22	poell	poell	PROPN
spir-11019	44	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	44	24	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11019	44	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	44	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	45	1	for	for	ADP
spir-11019	45	2	example	example	NOUN
spir-11019	45	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	45	4	apple	apple	PROPN
spir-11019	45	5	follows	follow	VERB
spir-11019	45	6	a	a	DET
spir-11019	45	7	set	set	NOUN
spir-11019	45	8	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	45	9	subjective	subjective	ADJ
spir-11019	45	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	45	11	opaque	opaque	ADJ
spir-11019	45	12	submission	submission	NOUN
spir-11019	45	13	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
spir-11019	45	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	45	15	gillespie	gillespie	NOUN
spir-11019	45	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	45	17	2018b	2018b	NUM
spir-11019	45	18	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	45	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	45	20	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11019	45	21	illustrated	illustrate	VERB
spir-11019	45	22	by	by	ADP
spir-11019	45	23	the	the	DET
spir-11019	45	24	gambling	gambling	NOUN
spir-11019	45	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	45	26	pornography	pornography	NOUN
spir-11019	45	27	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	45	28	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	45	29	our	our	PRON
spir-11019	45	30	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-11019	45	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	46	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-11019	46	2	notably	notably	ADV
spir-11019	46	3	hard	hard	ADJ
spir-11019	46	4	to	to	PART
spir-11019	46	5	investigate	investigate	VERB
spir-11019	46	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	46	7	our	our	PRON
spir-11019	46	8	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-11019	46	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	46	10	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	46	11	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	46	12	would	would	AUX
spir-11019	46	13	benefit	benefit	VERB
spir-11019	46	14	from	from	ADP
spir-11019	46	15	greater	great	ADJ
spir-11019	46	16	insight	insight	NOUN
spir-11019	46	17	into	into	ADP
spir-11019	46	18	this	this	DET
spir-11019	46	19	issue	issue	NOUN
spir-11019	46	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	46	21	to	to	PART
spir-11019	46	22	be	be	AUX
spir-11019	46	23	gained	gain	VERB
spir-11019	46	24	via	via	ADP
spir-11019	46	25	developer	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	46	26	interviews	interview	NOUN
spir-11019	46	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	46	28	reviewing	review	VERB
spir-11019	46	29	shifts	shift	NOUN
spir-11019	46	30	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	46	31	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-11019	46	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	46	33	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	46	34	surveying	surveying	NOUN
spir-11019	46	35	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	46	36	that	that	PRON
spir-11019	46	37	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	46	38	rejected	reject	VERB
spir-11019	46	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	46	40	hestres	hestre	NOUN
spir-11019	46	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	46	42	2013	2013	NUM
spir-11019	46	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	46	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	47	1	third	third	ADJ
spir-11019	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	47	3	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	47	4	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	47	5	operators	operator	NOUN
spir-11019	47	6	have	have	VERB
spir-11019	47	7	full	full	ADJ
spir-11019	47	8	control	control	NOUN
spir-11019	47	9	over	over	ADP
spir-11019	47	10	which	which	PRON
spir-11019	47	11	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	47	12	are	be	AUX
spir-11019	47	13	featured	feature	VERB
spir-11019	47	14	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	47	15	their	their	PRON
spir-11019	47	16	storefronts	storefront	NOUN
spir-11019	47	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	47	18	deeply	deeply	ADV
spir-11019	47	19	impacting	impact	VERB
spir-11019	47	20	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-11019	47	21	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	47	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	47	23	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-11019	47	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	48	1	investigating	investigate	VERB
spir-11019	48	2	these	these	DET
spir-11019	48	3	regimes	regime	NOUN
spir-11019	48	4	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	48	5	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	48	6	visibility	visibility	NOUN
spir-11019	48	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	48	8	we	we	PRON
spir-11019	48	9	stress	stress	VERB
spir-11019	48	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	48	11	requires	require	VERB
spir-11019	48	12	a	a	DET
spir-11019	48	13	sustained	sustained	ADJ
spir-11019	48	14	effort	effort	NOUN
spir-11019	48	15	that	that	PRON
spir-11019	48	16	draws	draw	VERB
spir-11019	48	17	on	on	ADP
spir-11019	48	18	developer	developer	NOUN
spir-11019	48	19	interviews	interview	NOUN
spir-11019	48	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	48	21	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11019	48	22	methods	method	NOUN
spir-11019	48	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	48	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	48	25	financial	financial	ADJ
spir-11019	48	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11019	48	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	49	1	by	by	ADP
spir-11019	49	2	interrogating	interrogate	VERB
spir-11019	49	3	these	these	DET
spir-11019	49	4	three	three	NUM
spir-11019	49	5	instances	instance	NOUN
spir-11019	49	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	49	7	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	49	8	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	49	9	at	at	ADP
spir-11019	49	10	the	the	DET
spir-11019	49	11	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	49	12	service	service	NOUN
spir-11019	49	13	level	level	NOUN
spir-11019	49	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	49	15	the	the	DET
spir-11019	49	16	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11019	49	17	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
spir-11019	49	18	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11019	49	19	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	49	20	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	49	21	is	be	AUX
spir-11019	49	22	not	not	PART
spir-11019	49	23	a	a	DET
spir-11019	49	24	property	property	NOUN
spir-11019	49	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	49	26	one	one	NUM
spir-11019	49	27	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	49	28	itself	itself	PRON
spir-11019	49	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	49	30	but	but	CCONJ
spir-11019	49	31	a	a	DET
spir-11019	49	32	corollary	corollary	NOUN
spir-11019	49	33	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	49	34	a	a	DET
spir-11019	49	35	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	49	36	’s	’s	PART
spir-11019	49	37	function	function	NOUN
spir-11019	49	38	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	49	39	the	the	DET
spir-11019	49	40	context	context	NOUN
spir-11019	49	41	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	49	42	other	other	ADJ
spir-11019	49	43	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	49	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	49	45	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11019	49	46	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	49	47	a	a	DET
spir-11019	49	48	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
spir-11019	49	49	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-11019	49	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	50	1	future	future	ADJ
spir-11019	50	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-11019	50	3	could	could	AUX
spir-11019	50	4	illuminate	illuminate	VERB
spir-11019	50	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11019	50	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	50	7	specifically	specifically	ADV
spir-11019	50	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	50	9	other	other	ADJ
spir-11019	50	10	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	50	11	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	50	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	50	13	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	50	14	other	other	ADJ
spir-11019	50	15	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-11019	50	16	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	50	17	services	service	NOUN
spir-11019	50	18	gain	gain	VERB
spir-11019	50	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	50	20	lose	lose	VERB
spir-11019	50	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	50	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	50	23	wield	wield	NOUN
spir-11019	50	24	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	50	25	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	50	26	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	50	27	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-11019	50	28	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11019	50	29	different	different	ADJ
spir-11019	50	30	ways	way	NOUN
spir-11019	50	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	51	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-11019	51	2	bucher	bucher	NOUN
spir-11019	51	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	51	4	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-11019	51	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	51	6	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11019	51	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	51	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	52	1	if	if	SCONJ
spir-11019	52	2	...	...	PUNCT
spir-11019	52	3	then	then	ADV
spir-11019	52	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	53	1	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
spir-11019	53	2	power	power	NOUN
spir-11019	53	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	53	4	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-11019	53	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	54	1	oxford	oxford	NOUN
spir-11019	54	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	54	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11019	54	4	university	university	PROPN
spir-11019	54	5	press	press	NOUN
spir-11019	54	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	55	1	constine	constine	NOUN
spir-11019	55	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	55	3	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11019	55	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	55	5	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11019	55	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	55	7	february	february	PROPN
spir-11019	55	8	13	13	NUM
spir-11019	55	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	55	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	56	1	apple	apple	NOUN
spir-11019	56	2	fails	fail	VERB
spir-11019	56	3	to	to	PART
spir-11019	56	4	block	block	VERB
spir-11019	56	5	porn	porn	NOUN
spir-11019	56	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	56	7	gambling	gambling	NOUN
spir-11019	56	8	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11019	56	9	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
spir-11019	56	10	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11019	56	11	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	56	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	57	1	techcrunch	techcrunch	PROPN
spir-11019	57	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	58	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-11019	58	2	from	from	ADP
spir-11019	58	3	https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/12/apple-porn-gamblingapps/.	https://techcrunch.com/2019/02/12/apple-porn-gamblingapps/.	NOUN
spir-11019	58	4	gillespie	gillespie	NOUN
spir-11019	58	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	58	6	t.	t.	NOUN
spir-11019	58	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	58	8	2018a	2018a	NUM
spir-11019	58	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	58	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	59	1	custodians	custodian	NOUN
spir-11019	59	2	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	59	3	the	the	DET
spir-11019	59	4	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11019	59	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	60	1	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	60	3	content	content	NOUN
spir-11019	60	4	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-11019	60	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	60	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	60	7	the	the	DET
spir-11019	60	8	hidden	hide	VERB
spir-11019	60	9	decisions	decision	NOUN
spir-11019	60	10	that	that	PRON
spir-11019	60	11	shape	shape	VERB
spir-11019	60	12	social	social	ADJ
spir-11019	60	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11019	60	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	61	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-11019	61	2	haven	haven	PROPN
spir-11019	61	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	61	4	yale	yale	PROPN
spir-11019	61	5	university	university	PROPN
spir-11019	61	6	press	press	NOUN
spir-11019	61	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	62	1	gillespie	gillespie	PROPN
spir-11019	62	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	62	3	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-11019	62	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	62	5	2018b	2018b	NUM
spir-11019	62	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	62	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	63	1	exodus	exodus	NOUN
spir-11019	63	2	international	international	PROPN
spir-11019	63	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	64	1	banned	ban	VERB
spir-11019	64	2	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	64	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	64	4	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	64	5	stores	store	NOUN
spir-11019	64	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	64	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	64	8	the	the	DET
spir-11019	64	9	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-11019	64	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	64	11	visibility	visibility	NOUN
spir-11019	64	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	65	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	65	2	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11019	65	3	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-11019	65	4	morris	morris	PROPN
spir-11019	65	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	65	6	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11019	65	7	murray	murray	PROPN
spir-11019	65	8	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	65	9	eds	ed	NOUN
spir-11019	65	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	65	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	65	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	65	13	appified	appified	ADJ
spir-11019	65	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	66	1	culture	culture	NOUN
spir-11019	66	2	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	66	3	the	the	DET
spir-11019	66	4	age	age	NOUN
spir-11019	66	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	66	6	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11019	66	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	66	8	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-11019	66	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	67	1	51–60	51–60	NUM
spir-11019	67	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	67	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	68	1	ann	ann	PROPN
spir-11019	68	2	arbor	arbor	PROPN
spir-11019	68	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	68	4	university	university	NOUN
spir-11019	68	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	68	6	michigan	michigan	PROPN
spir-11019	68	7	press	press	PROPN
spir-11019	68	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	69	1	hestres	hestres	PROPN
spir-11019	69	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	69	3	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-11019	69	4	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-11019	69	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	69	6	2013	2013	NUM
spir-11019	69	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	69	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	70	1	app	app	PROPN
spir-11019	70	2	neutrality	neutrality	NOUN
spir-11019	70	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	70	4	apple	apple	PROPN
spir-11019	70	5	’s	’s	PART
spir-11019	70	6	app	app	NOUN
spir-11019	70	7	store	store	NOUN
spir-11019	70	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	70	9	freedom	freedom	NOUN
spir-11019	70	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	70	11	expression	expression	NOUN
spir-11019	70	12	online	online	ADV
spir-11019	70	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	1	international	international	ADJ
spir-11019	71	2	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-11019	71	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	71	4	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11019	71	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	6	7	7	NUM
spir-11019	71	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	8	1265–1280	1265–1280	NUM
spir-11019	71	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	10	nieborg	nieborg	PROPN
spir-11019	71	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	12	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-11019	71	13	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-11019	71	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	15	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	71	16	poell	poell	PROPN
spir-11019	71	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	18	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-11019	71	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	20	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11019	71	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	71	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	72	1	the	the	DET
spir-11019	72	2	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-11019	72	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	72	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-11019	72	5	production	production	NOUN
spir-11019	72	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	72	7	theorizing	theorize	VERB
spir-11019	72	8	the	the	DET
spir-11019	72	9	contingent	contingent	ADJ
spir-11019	72	10	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-11019	72	11	commodity	commodity	NOUN
spir-11019	72	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-11019	73	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11019	73	3	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	73	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-11019	73	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	6	20(11	20(11	NUM
spir-11019	73	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	9	4275–4292	4275–4292	NUM
spir-11019	73	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	11	4	4	NUM
spir-11019	73	12	plantin	plantin	PROPN
spir-11019	73	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	14	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11019	73	15	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11019	73	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	17	lagoze	lagoze	NOUN
spir-11019	73	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	19	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11019	73	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	21	edwards	edwards	PROPN
spir-11019	73	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	23	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-11019	73	24	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-11019	73	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	26	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	73	27	sandvig	sandvig	PROPN
spir-11019	73	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	29	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11019	73	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	31	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11019	73	32	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	73	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	74	1	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-11019	74	2	studies	study	NOUN
spir-11019	74	3	meet	meet	VERB
spir-11019	74	4	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	74	5	studies	study	NOUN
spir-11019	74	6	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	74	7	the	the	DET
spir-11019	74	8	age	age	NOUN
spir-11019	74	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11019	74	10	google	google	PROPN
spir-11019	74	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11019	74	12	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11019	74	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	75	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-11019	75	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11019	75	3	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	75	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-11019	75	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	75	6	20(1	20(1	NUM
spir-11019	75	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	75	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	75	9	293	293	NUM
spir-11019	75	10	-	-	SYM
spir-11019	75	11	310	310	NUM
spir-11019	75	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	76	1	van	van	PROPN
spir-11019	76	2	dijck	dijck	PROPN
spir-11019	76	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	76	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11019	76	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	76	6	poell	poell	NOUN
spir-11019	76	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	76	8	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-11019	76	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	76	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11019	76	11	de	de	PROPN
spir-11019	76	12	waal	waal	PROPN
spir-11019	76	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11019	76	14	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-11019	76	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11019	76	16	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11019	76	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11019	76	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	77	1	the	the	DET
spir-11019	77	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11019	77	3	society	society	NOUN
spir-11019	77	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	78	1	public	public	ADJ
spir-11019	78	2	values	value	NOUN
spir-11019	78	3	in	in	ADP
spir-11019	78	4	a	a	DET
spir-11019	78	5	connective	connective	ADJ
spir-11019	78	6	world	world	NOUN
spir-11019	78	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11019	79	1	oxford	oxford	NOUN
spir-11019	79	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11019	79	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11019	79	4	university	university	PROPN
spir-11019	79	5	press	press	NOUN
spir-11019	79	6	.	.	PUNCT