id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-11132	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-11132	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	1	5	aoir2020	aoir2020	PROPN
spir-11132	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	1	8	21st	21st	ADJ
spir-11132	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-11132	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-11132	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-11132	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11132	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-11132	1	17	virtual	virtual	ADJ
spir-11132	1	18	event	event	NOUN
spir-11132	1	19	/	/	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	20	27	27	NUM
spir-11132	1	21	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	1	22	31	31	NUM
spir-11132	1	23	october	october	PROPN
spir-11132	1	24	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	1	25	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-11132	1	26	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-11132	1	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	28	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-11132	1	29	):	):	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	30	keller	keller	PROPN
spir-11132	1	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	32	tobias	tobias	PROPN
spir-11132	1	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	34	graham	graham	PROPN
spir-11132	1	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	36	tim	tim	PROPN
spir-11132	1	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	38	angus	angus	NOUN
spir-11132	1	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	40	dan	dan	PROPN
spir-11132	1	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	42	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-11132	1	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	44	axel	axel	PROPN
spir-11132	1	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	46	marchal	marchal	NOUN
spir-11132	1	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	48	nahema	nahema	ADV
spir-11132	1	49	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	50	neudert	neudert	PROPN
spir-11132	1	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	52	lisa	lisa	PROPN
spir-11132	1	53	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	54	maria	maria	PROPN
spir-11132	1	55	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	56	nijmeijer	nijmeijer	NOUN
spir-11132	1	57	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	58	rolf	rolf	PROPN
spir-11132	1	59	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	60	nielbo	nielbo	PROPN
spir-11132	1	61	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	62	kristoffer	kristoffer	PROPN
spir-11132	1	63	laigaard	laigaard	PROPN
spir-11132	1	64	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	65	mortensen	mortensen	PROPN
spir-11132	1	66	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	67	marie	marie	PROPN
spir-11132	1	68	damsgaard	damsgaard	PROPN
spir-11132	1	69	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	70	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-11132	1	71	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	72	anja	anja	PROPN
spir-11132	1	73	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	74	rossini	rossini	PROPN
spir-11132	1	75	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	76	patrícia	patrícia	NOUN
spir-11132	1	77	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	78	stromer	stromer	NOUN
spir-11132	1	79	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	80	galley	galley	NOUN
spir-11132	1	81	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	82	baptista	baptista	PROPN
spir-11132	1	83	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	84	erica	erica	PROPN
spir-11132	1	85	anita	anita	PROPN
spir-11132	1	86	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	87	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	1	88	veiga	veiga	PROPN
spir-11132	1	89	de	de	PROPN
spir-11132	1	90	oliveira	oliveira	PROPN
spir-11132	1	91	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	1	92	vanessa	vanessa	PROPN
spir-11132	1	93	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	2	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	2	2	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	2	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	2	4	october	october	PROPN
spir-11132	2	5	28	28	NUM
spir-11132	2	6	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	2	7	31	31	NUM
spir-11132	2	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	2	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	3	1	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	3	2	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
spir-11132	3	3	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	3	4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	3	5	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	3	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	3	7	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	3	8	online	online	ADJ
spir-11132	3	9	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-11132	3	10	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-11132	3	11	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	3	12	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	3	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	3	14	spaces	space	NOUN
spir-11132	3	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	4	1	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-11132	4	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-11132	4	3	at	at	ADP
spir-11132	4	4	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-11132	4	5	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	4	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	4	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	4	8	21th	21th	ADJ
spir-11132	4	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-11132	4	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-11132	4	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	4	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	4	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-11132	4	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	4	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11132	4	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-11132	4	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	5	1	virtual	virtual	ADJ
spir-11132	5	2	event	event	NOUN
spir-11132	5	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	5	4	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-11132	5	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	5	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-11132	5	7	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	5	8	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-11132	5	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	1	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	2	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
spir-11132	6	3	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	6	4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	6	5	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	6	7	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	6	8	online	online	ADJ
spir-11132	6	9	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-11132	6	10	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-11132	6	11	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	6	12	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	6	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	6	14	spaces	space	NOUN
spir-11132	6	15	tobias	tobias	PROPN
spir-11132	6	16	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-11132	6	17	keller	keller	PROPN
spir-11132	6	18	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-11132	6	19	media	media	PROPN
spir-11132	6	20	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	6	21	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-11132	6	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	23	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-11132	6	24	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	26	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-11132	6	27	timothy	timothy	PROPN
spir-11132	6	28	graham	graham	PROPN
spir-11132	6	29	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-11132	6	30	media	media	PROPN
spir-11132	6	31	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	6	32	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-11132	6	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	34	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-11132	6	35	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	36	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	37	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-11132	6	38	daniel	daniel	PROPN
spir-11132	6	39	angus	angus	VERB
spir-11132	6	40	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	6	41	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	6	42	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	6	43	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-11132	6	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	45	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-11132	6	46	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	47	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	48	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-11132	6	49	axel	axel	PROPN
spir-11132	6	50	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-11132	6	51	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	6	52	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	6	53	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	6	54	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-11132	6	55	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	56	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-11132	6	57	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	58	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	59	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-11132	6	60	nahema	nahema	X
spir-11132	6	61	marchal	marchal	PROPN
spir-11132	6	62	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	6	63	internet	internet	PROPN
spir-11132	6	64	institute	institute	PROPN
spir-11132	6	65	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	66	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	67	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	68	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	6	69	lisa	lisa	PROPN
spir-11132	6	70	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	71	maria	maria	PROPN
spir-11132	6	72	neudert	neudert	PROPN
spir-11132	6	73	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	6	74	internet	internet	PROPN
spir-11132	6	75	institute	institute	PROPN
spir-11132	6	76	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	77	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	78	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	79	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	6	80	rolf	rolf	PROPN
spir-11132	6	81	nijmeijer	nijmeijer	PROPN
spir-11132	6	82	luiss	luiss	ADJ
spir-11132	6	83	guido	guido	NOUN
spir-11132	6	84	carli	carli	PROPN
spir-11132	6	85	kristoffer	kristoffer	PROPN
spir-11132	6	86	laigaard	laigaard	PROPN
spir-11132	6	87	nielbo	nielbo	PROPN
spir-11132	6	88	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-11132	6	89	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	90	marie	marie	PROPN
spir-11132	6	91	damsgaard	damsgaard	PROPN
spir-11132	6	92	mortensen	mortensen	PROPN
spir-11132	6	93	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-11132	6	94	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	95	anja	anja	PROPN
spir-11132	6	96	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-11132	6	97	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-11132	6	98	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	99	/	/	SYM
spir-11132	6	100	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	101	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	102	antwerp	antwerp	PROPN
spir-11132	6	103	patrícia	patrícia	PROPN
spir-11132	6	104	rossini	rossini	PROPN
spir-11132	6	105	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	106	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	107	liverpool	liverpool	PROPN
spir-11132	6	108	jennifer	jennifer	PROPN
spir-11132	6	109	stromer	stromer	PROPN
spir-11132	6	110	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	111	galley	galley	NOUN
spir-11132	6	112	syracuse	syracuse	PROPN
spir-11132	6	113	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	114	erica	erica	PROPN
spir-11132	6	115	anita	anita	PROPN
spir-11132	6	116	baptista	baptista	PROPN
spir-11132	6	117	federal	federal	PROPN
spir-11132	6	118	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	119	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	120	minas	minas	PROPN
spir-11132	6	121	gerais	gerais	PROPN
spir-11132	6	122	vanessa	vanessa	PROPN
spir-11132	6	123	veiga	veiga	PROPN
spir-11132	6	124	de	de	PROPN
spir-11132	6	125	oliveira	oliveira	PROPN
spir-11132	6	126	federal	federal	PROPN
spir-11132	6	127	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	6	128	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	129	minas	minas	PROPN
spir-11132	6	130	gerais	gerais	PROPN
spir-11132	6	131	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-11132	6	132	description	description	NOUN
spir-11132	6	133	responding	respond	VERB
spir-11132	6	134	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	6	135	criticism	criticism	NOUN
spir-11132	6	136	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	137	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	6	138	role	role	NOUN
spir-11132	6	139	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	6	140	the	the	DET
spir-11132	6	141	dissemination	dissemination	NOUN
spir-11132	6	142	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	143	hyperpartisan	hyperpartisan	ADJ
spir-11132	6	144	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	6	145	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	6	146	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	147	faris	faris	PROPN
spir-11132	6	148	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	6	149	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	6	150	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	6	151	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	6	152	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	153	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	154	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	155	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-11132	6	156	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	6	157	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	158	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	159	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	6	160	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	6	161	malinformation	malinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	6	162	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	163	wardle	wardle	NOUN
spir-11132	6	164	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	6	165	derakhshan	derakhshan	PROPN
spir-11132	6	166	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	6	167	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	168	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	6	169	leading	lead	VERB
spir-11132	6	170	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	6	171	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	6	172	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	6	173	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	6	174	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	6	175	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	6	176	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	6	177	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	6	178	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	6	179	recently	recently	ADV
spir-11132	6	180	made	make	VERB
spir-11132	6	181	a	a	DET
spir-11132	6	182	number	number	NOUN
spir-11132	6	183	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	184	major	major	ADJ
spir-11132	6	185	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	6	186	announcements	announcement	NOUN
spir-11132	6	187	about	about	ADP
spir-11132	6	188	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	6	189	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-11132	6	190	to	to	PART
spir-11132	6	191	identify	identify	VERB
spir-11132	6	192	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	6	193	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
spir-11132	6	194	the	the	DET
spir-11132	6	195	use	use	NOUN
spir-11132	6	196	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	6	197	human	human	ADJ
spir-11132	6	198	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	6	199	automated	automated	ADJ
spir-11132	6	200	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	6	201	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	6	202	online	online	ADJ
spir-11132	6	203	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-11132	6	204	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-11132	6	205	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	6	206	often	often	ADV
spir-11132	6	207	pursue	pursue	VERB
spir-11132	6	208	overtly	overtly	ADV
spir-11132	6	209	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	6	210	aims	aim	NOUN
spir-11132	6	211	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	7	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	7	2	a	a	DET
spir-11132	7	3	significant	significant	ADJ
spir-11132	7	4	move	move	NOUN
spir-11132	7	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	7	6	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	7	7	has	have	AUX
spir-11132	7	8	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-11132	7	9	adopted	adopt	VERB
spir-11132	7	10	the	the	DET
spir-11132	7	11	term	term	NOUN
spir-11132	7	12	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	7	13	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
spir-11132	7	14	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	7	15	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	7	16	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	7	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	7	18	gleicher	gleicher	NOUN
spir-11132	7	19	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	7	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	7	21	to	to	PART
spir-11132	7	22	describe	describe	VERB
spir-11132	7	23	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	7	24	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	7	25	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11132	7	26	this	this	DET
spir-11132	7	27	shift	shift	NOUN
spir-11132	7	28	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	7	29	corporate	corporate	ADJ
spir-11132	7	30	language	language	NOUN
spir-11132	7	31	points	point	NOUN
spir-11132	7	32	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	7	33	the	the	DET
spir-11132	7	34	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-11132	7	35	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	7	36	malinformation	malinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	7	37	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	7	38	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	7	39	becoming	become	VERB
spir-11132	7	40	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	7	41	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	7	42	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	7	43	sophisticated	sophisticated	ADJ
spir-11132	7	44	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	7	45	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	7	46	use	use	NOUN
spir-11132	7	47	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	7	48	large	large	ADJ
spir-11132	7	49	numbers	number	NOUN
spir-11132	7	50	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	7	51	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	7	52	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	7	53	individually	individually	ADV
spir-11132	7	54	may	may	AUX
spir-11132	7	55	not	not	PART
spir-11132	7	56	appear	appear	VERB
spir-11132	7	57	to	to	PART
spir-11132	7	58	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	7	59	especially	especially	ADV
spir-11132	7	60	aberrant	aberrant	ADJ
spir-11132	7	61	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	7	62	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	7	63	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	7	64	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	7	65	but	but	CCONJ
spir-11132	7	66	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	7	67	combination	combination	NOUN
spir-11132	7	68	interfere	interfere	VERB
spir-11132	7	69	substantially	substantially	ADV
spir-11132	7	70	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	7	71	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
spir-11132	7	72	user	user	NOUN
spir-11132	7	73	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	7	74	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	8	1	this	this	DET
spir-11132	8	2	development	development	NOUN
spir-11132	8	3	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	8	4	not	not	PART
spir-11132	8	5	limited	limit	VERB
spir-11132	8	6	to	to	PART
spir-11132	8	7	facebook	facebook	VERB
spir-11132	8	8	alone	alone	ADV
spir-11132	8	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	8	10	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	8	11	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	8	12	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	8	13	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	8	14	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	8	15	similarly	similarly	ADV
spir-11132	8	16	highlighted	highlight	VERB
spir-11132	8	17	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	8	18	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
spir-11132	8	19	activity	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	8	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	9	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	9	2	spite	spite	NOUN
spir-11132	9	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	9	4	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-11132	9	5	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	9	6	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	9	7	providers	provider	NOUN
spir-11132	9	8	to	to	PART
spir-11132	9	9	address	address	VERB
spir-11132	9	10	the	the	DET
spir-11132	9	11	misuse	misuse	NOUN
spir-11132	9	12	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	9	13	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	9	14	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	9	15	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	9	16	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-11132	9	17	as	as	ADV
spir-11132	9	18	well	well	ADV
spir-11132	9	19	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	9	20	foreign	foreign	ADJ
spir-11132	9	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	9	22	commercial	commercial	ADJ
spir-11132	9	23	as	as	ADV
spir-11132	9	24	well	well	ADV
spir-11132	9	25	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	9	26	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	9	27	operators	operator	NOUN
spir-11132	9	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	9	29	however	however	ADV
spir-11132	9	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	9	31	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-11132	9	32	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
spir-11132	9	33	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	9	34	continues	continue	VERB
spir-11132	9	35	to	to	PART
spir-11132	9	36	produce	produce	VERB
spir-11132	9	37	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-11132	9	38	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	9	39	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	9	40	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-11132	9	41	persist	persist	VERB
spir-11132	9	42	unabated	unabated	ADJ
spir-11132	9	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	10	1	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	10	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	10	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	10	4	too	too	ADV
spir-11132	10	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	10	6	must	must	AUX
spir-11132	10	7	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-11132	10	8	come	come	VERB
spir-11132	10	9	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	10	10	terms	term	NOUN
spir-11132	10	11	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	10	12	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
spir-11132	10	13	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	10	14	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	10	15	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	10	16	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	10	17	must	must	AUX
spir-11132	10	18	advance	advance	VERB
spir-11132	10	19	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-11132	10	20	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-11132	10	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	10	22	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-11132	10	23	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	10	24	examine	examine	VERB
spir-11132	10	25	only	only	ADV
spir-11132	10	26	the	the	DET
spir-11132	10	27	activity	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	10	28	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-11132	10	29	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	10	30	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-11132	10	31	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	10	32	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	10	33	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-11132	10	34	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	10	35	automated	automate	VERB
spir-11132	10	36	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	10	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	10	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	10	39	pay	pay	VERB
spir-11132	10	40	increasing	increase	VERB
spir-11132	10	41	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-11132	10	42	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	10	43	the	the	DET
spir-11132	10	44	signs	sign	NOUN
spir-11132	10	45	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	10	46	coordination	coordination	NOUN
spir-11132	10	47	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	10	48	a	a	DET
spir-11132	10	49	large	large	ADJ
spir-11132	10	50	number	number	NOUN
spir-11132	10	51	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	10	52	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	10	53	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	10	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	11	1	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	11	2	work	work	NOUN
spir-11132	11	3	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	11	4	further	far	ADV
spir-11132	11	5	complicated	complicate	VERB
spir-11132	11	6	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	11	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	11	8	often	often	ADV
spir-11132	11	9	precarious	precarious	ADJ
spir-11132	11	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	11	11	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ
spir-11132	11	12	nature	nature	NOUN
spir-11132	11	13	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	11	14	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	11	15	access	access	NOUN
spir-11132	11	16	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	11	17	the	the	DET
spir-11132	11	18	various	various	ADJ
spir-11132	11	19	major	major	ADJ
spir-11132	11	20	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	11	21	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	11	22	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	11	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	11	24	however	however	ADV
spir-11132	11	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	11	26	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-11132	11	27	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	11	28	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	11	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	12	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	12	2	pursuit	pursuit	NOUN
spir-11132	12	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	12	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	12	5	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-11132	12	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	12	7	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-11132	12	8	innovation	innovation	NOUN
spir-11132	12	9	required	require	VERB
spir-11132	12	10	to	to	PART
spir-11132	12	11	address	address	VERB
spir-11132	12	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	12	13	challenge	challenge	NOUN
spir-11132	12	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	12	15	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
spir-11132	12	16	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	12	17	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	12	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	12	19	this	this	DET
spir-11132	12	20	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-11132	12	21	brings	bring	VERB
spir-11132	12	22	together	together	ADV
spir-11132	12	23	a	a	DET
spir-11132	12	24	selection	selection	NOUN
spir-11132	12	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	12	26	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-11132	12	27	studies	study	NOUN
spir-11132	12	28	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	12	29	advance	advance	VERB
spir-11132	12	30	the	the	DET
spir-11132	12	31	methods	method	NOUN
spir-11132	12	32	available	available	ADJ
spir-11132	12	33	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	12	34	the	the	DET
spir-11132	12	35	forensic	forensic	ADJ
spir-11132	12	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	12	37	mixed	mixed	ADJ
spir-11132	12	38	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	12	39	methods	method	NOUN
spir-11132	12	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	12	41	indepth	indepth	ADJ
spir-11132	12	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	12	43	large	large	ADJ
spir-11132	12	44	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	12	45	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-11132	12	46	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	12	47	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	12	48	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	12	49	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	12	50	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-11132	12	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	12	52	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	12	53	present	present	VERB
spir-11132	12	54	important	important	ADJ
spir-11132	12	55	new	new	ADJ
spir-11132	12	56	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-11132	12	57	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	12	58	current	current	ADJ
spir-11132	12	59	analyses	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	12	60	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	12	61	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	12	62	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	12	63	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	12	64	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	12	65	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	12	66	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	12	67	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	13	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	13	2	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	13	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	13	4	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	13	5	#	#	ADJ
spir-11132	13	6	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	13	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	13	8	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	13	9	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	13	10	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	13	11	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	13	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	13	13	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	13	14	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	13	15	season	season	NOUN
spir-11132	13	16	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	13	17	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	13	18	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	13	19	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	13	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	13	21	conducts	conduct	VERB
spir-11132	13	22	a	a	DET
spir-11132	13	23	forensic	forensic	ADJ
spir-11132	13	24	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	13	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	13	26	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
spir-11132	13	27	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	13	28	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	13	29	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	13	30	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	13	31	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	13	32	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	13	33	the	the	DET
spir-11132	13	34	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-11132	13	35	catastrophic	catastrophic	ADJ
spir-11132	13	36	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	13	37	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	13	38	australia	australia	PROPN
spir-11132	13	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	14	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	14	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	14	3	uses	use	VERB
spir-11132	14	4	computational	computational	ADJ
spir-11132	14	5	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-11132	14	6	to	to	PART
spir-11132	14	7	examine	examine	VERB
spir-11132	14	8	the	the	DET
spir-11132	14	9	activity	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	14	10	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-11132	14	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	14	12	a	a	DET
spir-11132	14	13	population	population	NOUN
spir-11132	14	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	14	15	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	14	16	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	14	17	sought	seek	VERB
spir-11132	14	18	to	to	PART
spir-11132	14	19	promote	promote	VERB
spir-11132	14	20	the	the	DET
spir-11132	14	21	debunked	debunked	ADJ
spir-11132	14	22	claim	claim	NOUN
spir-11132	14	23	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	14	24	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	14	25	rather	rather	ADV
spir-11132	14	26	than	than	ADP
spir-11132	14	27	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	14	28	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	14	29	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	14	30	the	the	DET
spir-11132	14	31	root	root	NOUN
spir-11132	14	32	cause	cause	NOUN
spir-11132	14	33	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	14	34	the	the	DET
spir-11132	14	35	severity	severity	NOUN
spir-11132	14	36	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	14	37	the	the	DET
spir-11132	14	38	fires	fire	NOUN
spir-11132	14	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	14	40	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	14	41	retraces	retrace	VERB
spir-11132	14	42	the	the	DET
spir-11132	14	43	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
spir-11132	14	44	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	14	45	the	the	DET
spir-11132	14	46	#	#	ADJ
spir-11132	14	47	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	14	48	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	14	49	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	14	50	its	its	PRON
spir-11132	14	51	first	first	ADJ
spir-11132	14	52	emergence	emergence	NOUN
spir-11132	14	53	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	14	54	being	be	AUX
spir-11132	14	55	amplified	amplify	VERB
spir-11132	14	56	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	14	57	donald	donald	PROPN
spir-11132	14	58	trump	trump	PROPN
spir-11132	14	59	jr	jr	PROPN
spir-11132	14	60	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	14	61	’s	’s	PART
spir-11132	14	62	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	14	63	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	15	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	15	2	2	2	NUM
spir-11132	15	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	15	4	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	15	5	investigating	investigate	VERB
spir-11132	15	6	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	15	7	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	15	8	shared	share	VERB
spir-11132	15	9	over	over	ADP
spir-11132	15	10	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	15	11	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	15	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	15	13	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	15	14	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	15	15	parliamentary	parliamentary	ADJ
spir-11132	15	16	elections	election	NOUN
spir-11132	15	17	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	15	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	15	19	shifts	shift	NOUN
spir-11132	15	20	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	15	21	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-11132	15	22	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	15	23	the	the	DET
spir-11132	15	24	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	15	25	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	15	26	parliament	parliament	NOUN
spir-11132	15	27	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	15	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	15	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	15	30	investigates	investigate	VERB
spir-11132	15	31	the	the	DET
spir-11132	15	32	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	15	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	15	34	distribution	distribution	NOUN
spir-11132	15	35	strategies	strategy	NOUN
spir-11132	15	36	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	15	37	memes	meme	NOUN
spir-11132	15	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	15	39	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	15	40	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	15	41	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	15	42	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	15	43	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	15	44	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	15	45	the	the	DET
spir-11132	15	46	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	15	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	16	1	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	16	2	finds	find	VERB
spir-11132	16	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	16	4	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	16	5	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	16	6	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-11132	16	7	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	16	8	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11132	16	9	remained	remain	VERB
spir-11132	16	10	prominent	prominent	ADJ
spir-11132	16	11	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	16	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	16	13	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	16	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	16	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	16	16	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	16	17	anti	anti	ADJ
spir-11132	16	18	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	16	19	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	16	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	16	21	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-11132	16	22	imagery	imagery	NOUN
spir-11132	16	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	16	24	often	often	ADV
spir-11132	16	25	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	16	26	expressed	express	VERB
spir-11132	16	27	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	16	28	a	a	DET
spir-11132	16	29	humorous	humorous	ADJ
spir-11132	16	30	fashion	fashion	NOUN
spir-11132	16	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	16	32	accounted	account	VERB
spir-11132	16	33	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	16	34	a	a	DET
spir-11132	16	35	substantial	substantial	ADJ
spir-11132	16	36	amount	amount	NOUN
spir-11132	16	37	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	16	38	posts	post	NOUN
spir-11132	16	39	but	but	CCONJ
spir-11132	16	40	largely	largely	ADV
spir-11132	16	41	remained	remain	VERB
spir-11132	16	42	disconnected	disconnected	ADJ
spir-11132	16	43	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	16	44	mainstream	mainstream	ADJ
spir-11132	16	45	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-11132	16	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	17	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	17	2	3	3	NUM
spir-11132	17	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	17	4	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	17	5	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	17	6	narratives	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	17	7	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	17	8	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	17	9	people	people	NOUN
spir-11132	17	10	?	?	PUNCT
spir-11132	18	1	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-11132	18	2	deviant	deviant	ADJ
spir-11132	18	3	semantic	semantic	ADJ
spir-11132	18	4	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-11132	18	5	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	18	6	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	18	7	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	18	8	the	the	DET
spir-11132	18	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	18	10	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	18	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	18	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	18	13	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	18	14	parliament	parliament	PROPN
spir-11132	18	15	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	18	16	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	18	17	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	18	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	18	19	complements	complement	VERB
spir-11132	18	20	the	the	DET
spir-11132	18	21	previous	previous	ADJ
spir-11132	18	22	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	18	23	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	18	24	exploring	explore	VERB
spir-11132	18	25	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-11132	18	26	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	18	27	’s	’s	PART
spir-11132	18	28	microtargeting	microtargete	VERB
spir-11132	18	29	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-11132	18	30	functionality	functionality	NOUN
spir-11132	18	31	allows	allow	VERB
spir-11132	18	32	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	18	33	parties	party	NOUN
spir-11132	18	34	to	to	PART
spir-11132	18	35	promote	promote	VERB
spir-11132	18	36	conflicting	conflicting	ADJ
spir-11132	18	37	narratives	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	18	38	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	18	39	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	18	40	groups	group	NOUN
spir-11132	18	41	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	18	42	people	people	NOUN
spir-11132	18	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	18	44	without	without	ADP
spir-11132	18	45	making	make	VERB
spir-11132	18	46	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	18	47	divergent	divergent	ADJ
spir-11132	18	48	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	18	49	messaging	message	VERB
spir-11132	18	50	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
spir-11132	18	51	transparent	transparent	ADJ
spir-11132	18	52	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	19	1	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	19	2	draws	draw	VERB
spir-11132	19	3	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	19	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	19	5	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	19	6	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-11132	19	7	library	library	NOUN
spir-11132	19	8	to	to	PART
spir-11132	19	9	identify	identify	VERB
spir-11132	19	10	deviant	deviant	ADJ
spir-11132	19	11	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	19	12	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	19	13	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	19	14	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	19	15	parliament	parliament	NOUN
spir-11132	19	16	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	19	17	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-11132	19	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	19	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	19	20	identifies	identify	VERB
spir-11132	19	21	the	the	DET
spir-11132	19	22	factors	factor	NOUN
spir-11132	19	23	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	19	24	predict	predict	VERB
spir-11132	19	25	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	19	26	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	19	27	strategies	strategy	NOUN
spir-11132	19	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	20	1	finally	finally	ADV
spir-11132	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	20	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	20	4	4	4	NUM
spir-11132	20	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	20	6	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	20	7	explaining	explain	VERB
spir-11132	20	8	dysfunctional	dysfunctional	ADJ
spir-11132	20	9	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	20	10	sharing	share	VERB
spir-11132	20	11	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	20	12	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	20	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	20	14	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	20	15	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	20	16	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	20	17	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	20	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	20	19	turns	turn	VERB
spir-11132	20	20	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	20	21	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-11132	20	22	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	20	23	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	20	24	a	a	DET
spir-11132	20	25	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-11132	20	26	emerging	emerge	VERB
spir-11132	20	27	space	space	NOUN
spir-11132	20	28	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	20	29	the	the	DET
spir-11132	20	30	fight	fight	NOUN
spir-11132	20	31	against	against	ADP
spir-11132	20	32	malinformation	malinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	20	33	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	20	34	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	20	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	21	1	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	21	2	examines	examine	VERB
spir-11132	21	3	the	the	DET
spir-11132	21	4	respective	respective	ADJ
spir-11132	21	5	roles	role	NOUN
spir-11132	21	6	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	21	7	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	21	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	21	9	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	21	10	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	21	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	21	12	accidental	accidental	ADJ
spir-11132	21	13	as	as	ADV
spir-11132	21	14	well	well	ADV
spir-11132	21	15	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	21	16	intentional	intentional	ADJ
spir-11132	21	17	spreading	spreading	NOUN
spir-11132	21	18	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	21	19	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	21	20	malinformation	malinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	21	21	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	21	22	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	21	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	21	24	finding	find	VERB
spir-11132	21	25	especially	especially	ADV
spir-11132	21	26	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	21	27	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	21	28	engaged	engaged	ADJ
spir-11132	21	29	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	21	30	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	21	31	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	21	32	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	21	33	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11132	21	34	to	to	PART
spir-11132	21	35	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	21	36	shared	share	VERB
spir-11132	21	37	misand	misand	NOUN
spir-11132	21	38	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	21	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	21	40	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	21	41	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	21	42	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	21	43	correction	correction	NOUN
spir-11132	21	44	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	21	45	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	21	46	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	21	47	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	21	48	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	21	49	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11132	21	50	to	to	PART
spir-11132	21	51	occur	occur	VERB
spir-11132	21	52	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	21	53	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	21	54	than	than	ADP
spir-11132	21	55	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	21	56	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	22	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	22	2	combination	combination	NOUN
spir-11132	22	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	22	4	these	these	DET
spir-11132	22	5	contributions	contribution	NOUN
spir-11132	22	6	advance	advance	VERB
spir-11132	22	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	22	8	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	22	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	22	10	online	online	ADJ
spir-11132	22	11	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-11132	22	12	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-11132	22	13	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	22	14	providing	provide	VERB
spir-11132	22	15	key	key	ADJ
spir-11132	22	16	new	new	ADJ
spir-11132	22	17	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-11132	22	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	22	19	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-11132	22	20	impulses	impulse	NOUN
spir-11132	22	21	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	22	22	malinformation	malinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	22	23	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	22	24	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	22	25	a	a	DET
spir-11132	22	26	range	range	NOUN
spir-11132	22	27	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	22	28	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	22	29	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	22	30	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	22	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	23	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	23	2	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-11132	23	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	23	4	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	23	5	enable	enable	VERB
spir-11132	23	6	an	an	DET
spir-11132	23	7	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-11132	23	8	assessment	assessment	NOUN
spir-11132	23	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	23	10	the	the	DET
spir-11132	23	11	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-11132	23	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	23	13	impact	impact	NOUN
spir-11132	23	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	23	15	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	23	16	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
spir-11132	23	17	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	23	18	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	23	19	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	23	20	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-11132	23	21	the	the	DET
spir-11132	23	22	occasional	occasional	ADJ
spir-11132	23	23	glimpses	glimpse	NOUN
spir-11132	23	24	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	23	25	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	23	26	providers	provider	NOUN
spir-11132	23	27	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	23	28	press	press	NOUN
spir-11132	23	29	releases	release	NOUN
spir-11132	23	30	can	can	AUX
spir-11132	23	31	offer	offer	VERB
spir-11132	23	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	24	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	24	2	doing	do	VERB
spir-11132	24	3	so	so	ADV
spir-11132	24	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	24	5	these	these	DET
spir-11132	24	6	studies	study	NOUN
spir-11132	24	7	provide	provide	VERB
spir-11132	24	8	pointers	pointer	NOUN
spir-11132	24	9	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	24	10	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11132	24	11	to	to	PART
spir-11132	24	12	move	move	VERB
spir-11132	24	13	forward	forward	ADV
spir-11132	24	14	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	24	15	the	the	DET
spir-11132	24	16	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
spir-11132	24	17	arms	arm	NOUN
spir-11132	24	18	race	race	NOUN
spir-11132	24	19	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	24	20	those	those	PRON
spir-11132	24	21	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	24	22	initiate	initiate	VERB
spir-11132	24	23	covert	covert	ADJ
spir-11132	24	24	malinformation	malinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	24	25	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-11132	24	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	24	27	those	those	PRON
spir-11132	24	28	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	24	29	seek	seek	VERB
spir-11132	24	30	to	to	PART
spir-11132	24	31	detect	detect	VERB
spir-11132	24	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	24	33	counter	counter	VERB
spir-11132	24	34	them	they	PRON
spir-11132	24	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	25	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-11132	25	2	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-11132	25	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	25	4	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-11132	25	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	25	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	25	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	25	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	26	1	after	after	ADP
spir-11132	26	2	the	the	DET
spir-11132	26	3	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	26	4	apicalypse	apicalypse	NOUN
spir-11132	26	5	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	26	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	26	7	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	26	8	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	26	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	26	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	26	11	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	26	12	fight	fight	NOUN
spir-11132	26	13	against	against	ADP
spir-11132	26	14	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-11132	26	15	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
spir-11132	26	16	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	26	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	27	1	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	27	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	27	3	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	27	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	27	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-11132	27	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	27	7	22(11	22(11	NUM
spir-11132	27	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	27	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	27	10	1544	1544	NUM
spir-11132	27	11	–	–	PUNCT
spir-11132	27	12	1566	1566	NUM
spir-11132	27	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1637447	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1637447	PROPN
spir-11132	28	2	faris	faris	PROPN
spir-11132	28	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	4	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-11132	28	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	6	roberts	roberts	PROPN
spir-11132	28	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	8	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-11132	28	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	10	etling	etling	PROPN
spir-11132	28	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	12	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-11132	28	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	14	bourassa	bourassa	PROPN
spir-11132	28	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	16	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-11132	28	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	18	zuckerman	zuckerman	PROPN
spir-11132	28	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	20	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-11132	28	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	22	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	28	23	benkler	benkler	PROPN
spir-11132	28	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	25	y.	y.	PROPN
spir-11132	28	26	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	27	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	28	28	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	28	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	29	1	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-11132	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	29	3	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	29	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	29	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	29	6	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	29	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	29	8	online	online	ADJ
spir-11132	29	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	29	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	29	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	29	12	2016	2016	NUM
spir-11132	29	13	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-11132	29	14	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	29	15	presidential	presidential	ADJ
spir-11132	29	16	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	29	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	29	18	berkman	berkman	PROPN
spir-11132	29	19	klein	klein	PROPN
spir-11132	29	20	center	center	PROPN
spir-11132	29	21	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	29	22	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-11132	29	23	no	no	INTJ
spir-11132	29	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	30	1	2017–6	2017–6	NUM
spir-11132	30	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	30	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	31	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	31	2	science	science	PROPN
spir-11132	31	3	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	31	4	network	network	NOUN
spir-11132	31	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	32	1	https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3019414	https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3019414	PROPN
spir-11132	32	2	gleicher	gleicher	PROPN
spir-11132	32	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	32	4	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-11132	32	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	32	6	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	32	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	32	8	december	december	PROPN
spir-11132	32	9	6	6	NUM
spir-11132	32	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	32	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	33	1	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
spir-11132	33	2	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-11132	33	3	behavior	behavior	NOUN
spir-11132	33	4	explained	explain	VERB
spir-11132	33	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	34	1	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	34	2	newsroom	newsroom	PROPN
spir-11132	34	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	35	1	https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/12/inside-feedcoordinated-inauthentic-behavior/	https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/12/inside-feedcoordinated-inauthentic-behavior/	PROPN
spir-11132	35	2	wardle	wardle	PROPN
spir-11132	35	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	35	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11132	35	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	35	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	35	7	derakhshan	derakhshan	PROPN
spir-11132	35	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	35	9	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-11132	35	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	35	11	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	35	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	35	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	36	1	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	36	2	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-11132	36	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	36	4	toward	toward	ADP
spir-11132	36	5	an	an	DET
spir-11132	36	6	interdisciplinary	interdisciplinary	ADJ
spir-11132	36	7	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-11132	36	8	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	36	9	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	36	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	36	11	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-11132	36	12	making	making	NOUN
spir-11132	36	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	36	14	dgi(2017)09	dgi(2017)09	NOUN
spir-11132	36	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	36	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	37	1	council	council	PROPN
spir-11132	37	2	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	37	3	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-11132	37	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	1	https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/information-disordertoward-an-interdisciplinary-framework.pdf	https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/information-disordertoward-an-interdisciplinary-framework.pdf	PROPN
spir-11132	38	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	38	3	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	38	4	#	#	NUM
spir-11132	38	5	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	38	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	7	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	38	8	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	38	9	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	38	10	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	38	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	38	12	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	38	13	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	38	14	season	season	NOUN
spir-11132	38	15	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	38	16	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	38	17	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	38	18	tobias	tobias	PROPN
spir-11132	38	19	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-11132	38	20	keller	keller	PROPN
spir-11132	38	21	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-11132	38	22	media	media	PROPN
spir-11132	38	23	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	38	24	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-11132	38	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	26	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-11132	38	27	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	38	28	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	38	29	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-11132	38	30	timothy	timothy	PROPN
spir-11132	38	31	graham	graham	PROPN
spir-11132	38	32	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-11132	38	33	media	media	PROPN
spir-11132	38	34	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	38	35	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-11132	38	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	37	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-11132	38	38	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	38	39	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	38	40	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-11132	38	41	daniel	daniel	PROPN
spir-11132	38	42	angus	angus	VERB
spir-11132	38	43	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	38	44	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	38	45	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	38	46	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-11132	38	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	48	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-11132	38	49	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	38	50	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	38	51	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-11132	38	52	axel	axel	PROPN
spir-11132	38	53	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-11132	38	54	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	38	55	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	38	56	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	38	57	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-11132	38	58	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	59	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-11132	38	60	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	38	61	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	38	62	technology	technology	NOUN
spir-11132	38	63	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-11132	38	64	the	the	DET
spir-11132	38	65	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	38	66	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	38	67	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	38	68	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	38	69	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	38	70	season	season	NOUN
spir-11132	38	71	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	38	72	devastating	devastating	ADJ
spir-11132	38	73	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	74	un	un	PROPN
spir-11132	38	75	environment	environment	PROPN
spir-11132	38	76	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	77	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	38	78	):	):	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	79	an	an	DET
spir-11132	38	80	estimated	estimate	VERB
spir-11132	38	81	18	18	NUM
spir-11132	38	82	million	million	NUM
spir-11132	38	83	hectares	hectare	NOUN
spir-11132	38	84	burned	burn	VERB
spir-11132	38	85	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	86	millions	million	NOUN
spir-11132	38	87	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	38	88	animals	animal	NOUN
spir-11132	38	89	died	die	VERB
spir-11132	38	90	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	38	91	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	38	92	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	38	93	health	health	NOUN
spir-11132	38	94	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	38	95	threatened	threaten	VERB
spir-11132	38	96	when	when	SCONJ
spir-11132	38	97	the	the	DET
spir-11132	38	98	national	national	ADJ
spir-11132	38	99	capital	capital	PROPN
spir-11132	38	100	canberra	canberra	PROPN
spir-11132	38	101	measured	measure	VERB
spir-11132	38	102	the	the	DET
spir-11132	38	103	worst	bad	ADJ
spir-11132	38	104	air	air	NOUN
spir-11132	38	105	quality	quality	NOUN
spir-11132	38	106	index	index	NOUN
spir-11132	38	107	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	38	108	any	any	DET
spir-11132	38	109	major	major	ADJ
spir-11132	38	110	city	city	NOUN
spir-11132	38	111	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
spir-11132	38	112	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	39	1	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	39	2	this	this	DET
spir-11132	39	3	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	39	4	season	season	NOUN
spir-11132	39	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	39	6	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-11132	39	7	pointed	point	VERB
spir-11132	39	8	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	39	9	the	the	DET
spir-11132	39	10	link	link	NOUN
spir-11132	39	11	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	39	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	39	13	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	39	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	39	15	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	39	16	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	39	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	39	18	abram	abram	PROPN
spir-11132	39	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	39	20	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	39	21	):	):	PUNCT
spir-11132	39	22	increasing	increase	VERB
spir-11132	39	23	temperatures	temperature	NOUN
spir-11132	39	24	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	39	25	australia	australia	PROPN
spir-11132	39	26	mean	mean	VERB
spir-11132	39	27	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	39	28	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	39	29	will	will	AUX
spir-11132	39	30	become	become	VERB
spir-11132	39	31	ever	ever	ADV
spir-11132	39	32	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	39	33	extreme	extreme	ADJ
spir-11132	39	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	39	35	difficult	difficult	ADJ
spir-11132	39	36	to	to	PART
spir-11132	39	37	contain	contain	VERB
spir-11132	39	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	40	1	yet	yet	ADV
spir-11132	40	2	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	40	3	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	40	4	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	40	5	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	40	6	including	include	VERB
spir-11132	40	7	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	40	8	becoming	become	VERB
spir-11132	40	9	the	the	DET
spir-11132	40	10	major	major	ADJ
spir-11132	40	11	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	40	12	source	source	NOUN
spir-11132	40	13	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	40	14	australians	australian	NOUN
spir-11132	40	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	40	16	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	40	17	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	40	18	report	report	NOUN
spir-11132	40	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	40	20	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	40	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	40	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	40	23	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-11132	40	24	did	do	AUX
spir-11132	40	25	not	not	PART
spir-11132	40	26	only	only	ADV
spir-11132	40	27	encounter	encounter	VERB
spir-11132	40	28	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-11132	40	29	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	40	30	based	base	VERB
spir-11132	40	31	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	40	32	regarding	regard	VERB
spir-11132	40	33	the	the	DET
spir-11132	40	34	major	major	ADJ
spir-11132	40	35	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-11132	40	36	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	40	37	the	the	DET
spir-11132	40	38	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	40	39	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	40	40	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	40	41	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	40	42	season	season	NOUN
spir-11132	40	43	online	online	ADV
spir-11132	40	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	41	1	these	these	DET
spir-11132	41	2	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	41	3	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	41	4	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	41	5	become	become	VERB
spir-11132	41	6	a	a	DET
spir-11132	41	7	fertile	fertile	ADJ
spir-11132	41	8	habitat	habitat	NOUN
spir-11132	41	9	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	41	10	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	41	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	41	12	trolls	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	41	13	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	41	14	spread	spread	VERB
spir-11132	41	15	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	41	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	41	17	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-11132	41	18	theories	theory	NOUN
spir-11132	41	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	41	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	41	21	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	41	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	41	23	shao	shao	PROPN
spir-11132	41	24	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	41	25	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	41	26	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	41	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	41	28	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	41	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	41	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	42	1	initial	initial	ADJ
spir-11132	42	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	42	3	into	into	ADP
spir-11132	42	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	42	5	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	42	6	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-11132	42	7	around	around	ADP
spir-11132	42	8	the	the	DET
spir-11132	42	9	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	42	10	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	42	11	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	42	12	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	42	13	season	season	NOUN
spir-11132	42	14	identified	identify	VERB
spir-11132	42	15	the	the	DET
spir-11132	42	16	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	42	17	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	42	18	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	42	19	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	42	20	a	a	DET
spir-11132	42	21	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-11132	42	22	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-11132	42	23	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	42	24	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	42	25	activity	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	42	26	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	42	27	graham	graham	PROPN
spir-11132	42	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	42	29	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	42	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	42	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	43	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	43	2	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	43	3	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	43	4	used	use	VERB
spir-11132	43	5	especially	especially	ADV
spir-11132	43	6	to	to	PART
spir-11132	43	7	spread	spread	VERB
spir-11132	43	8	the	the	DET
spir-11132	43	9	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	43	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	43	11	abc	abc	PROPN
spir-11132	43	12	news	news	PROPN
spir-11132	43	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	43	14	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	43	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	43	16	claim	claim	VERB
spir-11132	43	17	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	43	18	the	the	DET
spir-11132	43	19	majority	majority	NOUN
spir-11132	43	20	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	43	21	the	the	DET
spir-11132	43	22	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	43	23	had	have	AUX
spir-11132	43	24	been	be	AUX
spir-11132	43	25	caused	cause	VERB
spir-11132	43	26	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	43	27	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	43	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	43	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	43	30	were	be	AUX
spir-11132	43	31	therefore	therefore	ADV
spir-11132	43	32	due	due	ADJ
spir-11132	43	33	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	43	34	human	human	ADJ
spir-11132	43	35	activity	activity	NOUN
spir-11132	43	36	rather	rather	ADV
spir-11132	43	37	than	than	ADP
spir-11132	43	38	an	an	DET
spir-11132	43	39	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-11132	43	40	extreme	extreme	ADJ
spir-11132	43	41	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	43	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	44	1	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	44	2	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
spir-11132	44	3	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	44	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
spir-11132	44	5	focusses	focusse	VERB
spir-11132	44	6	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	44	7	two	two	NUM
spir-11132	44	8	questions	question	NOUN
spir-11132	44	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	44	10	rq1	rq1	NOUN
spir-11132	44	11	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	44	12	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	44	13	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	44	14	the	the	DET
spir-11132	44	15	history	history	NOUN
spir-11132	44	16	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	44	17	the	the	DET
spir-11132	44	18	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	44	19	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	44	20	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	44	21	?	?	PUNCT
spir-11132	45	1	rq2	rq2	NOUN
spir-11132	45	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	45	3	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	45	4	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	45	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	45	6	role	role	NOUN
spir-11132	45	7	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	45	8	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	45	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	45	10	trolls	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	45	11	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	45	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	45	13	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	45	14	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	45	15	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	45	16	?	?	PUNCT
spir-11132	46	1	methods	method	NOUN
spir-11132	46	2	using	use	VERB
spir-11132	46	3	twint	twint	NOUN
spir-11132	46	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	46	5	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	46	6	collected	collect	VERB
spir-11132	46	7	all	all	DET
spir-11132	46	8	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	46	9	including	include	VERB
spir-11132	46	10	the	the	DET
spir-11132	46	11	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	46	12	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	46	13	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	46	14	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	46	15	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	46	16	to	to	PART
spir-11132	46	17	6	6	NUM
spir-11132	46	18	january	january	NOUN
spir-11132	46	19	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	46	20	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	46	21	1,340	1,340	NUM
spir-11132	46	22	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	46	23	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	46	24	315	315	NUM
spir-11132	46	25	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	46	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	46	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	47	1	to	to	PART
spir-11132	47	2	generate	generate	VERB
spir-11132	47	3	comparable	comparable	ADJ
spir-11132	47	4	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	47	5	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	47	6	the	the	DET
spir-11132	47	7	number	number	NOUN
spir-11132	47	8	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	47	9	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	47	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	47	11	trolls	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	47	12	within	within	ADP
spir-11132	47	13	the	the	DET
spir-11132	47	14	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-11132	47	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	47	16	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	47	17	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	47	18	collected	collect	VERB
spir-11132	47	19	all	all	DET
spir-11132	47	20	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	47	21	including	include	VERB
spir-11132	47	22	two	two	NUM
spir-11132	47	23	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	47	24	popular	popular	ADJ
spir-11132	47	25	hashtags	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	47	26	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	47	27	debating	debate	VERB
spir-11132	47	28	the	the	DET
spir-11132	47	29	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	47	30	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	47	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	47	32	using	use	VERB
spir-11132	47	33	the	the	DET
spir-11132	47	34	same	same	ADJ
spir-11132	47	35	tool	tool	NOUN
spir-11132	47	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	47	37	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	47	38	the	the	DET
spir-11132	47	39	same	same	ADJ
spir-11132	47	40	period	period	NOUN
spir-11132	47	41	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	47	42	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	47	43	the	the	DET
spir-11132	47	44	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	48	1	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	48	2	bushfireaustralia	bushfireaustralia	NOUN
spir-11132	48	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	48	4	twint	twint	NOUN
spir-11132	48	5	returned	return	VERB
spir-11132	48	6	1,309	1,309	NUM
spir-11132	48	7	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	48	8	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	48	9	1,106	1,106	NUM
spir-11132	48	10	unique	unique	ADJ
spir-11132	48	11	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	48	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	48	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	48	14	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	48	15	the	the	DET
spir-11132	48	16	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	48	17	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	48	18	australiafire	australiafire	NOUN
spir-11132	48	19	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	48	20	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-11132	48	21	4,592	4,592	NUM
spir-11132	48	22	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	48	23	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	48	24	3,966	3,966	NUM
spir-11132	48	25	unique	unique	ADJ
spir-11132	48	26	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	48	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	1	finally	finally	ADV
spir-11132	49	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	3	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	49	4	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	49	5	collected	collect	VERB
spir-11132	49	6	every	every	DET
spir-11132	49	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	8	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	49	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	10	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	49	11	article	article	NOUN
spir-11132	49	12	including	include	VERB
spir-11132	49	13	the	the	DET
spir-11132	49	14	words	word	NOUN
spir-11132	49	15	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	16	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	49	17	*	*	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	18	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	49	20	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	21	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	49	22	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	23	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	49	24	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	49	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	49	26	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	49	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	49	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	49	29	traced	trace	VERB
spir-11132	49	30	the	the	DET
spir-11132	49	31	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	49	32	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	49	33	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	49	34	back	back	ADV
spir-11132	49	35	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	49	36	its	its	PRON
spir-11132	49	37	first	first	ADJ
spir-11132	49	38	appearance	appearance	NOUN
spir-11132	49	39	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	49	40	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	49	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	50	1	to	to	PART
spir-11132	50	2	determine	determine	VERB
spir-11132	50	3	the	the	DET
spir-11132	50	4	history	history	NOUN
spir-11132	50	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	50	6	the	the	DET
spir-11132	50	7	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	50	8	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	50	9	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	50	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	50	11	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	50	12	collected	collect	VERB
spir-11132	50	13	the	the	DET
spir-11132	50	14	search	search	NOUN
spir-11132	50	15	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	50	16	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	50	17	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	50	18	google	google	PROPN
spir-11132	50	19	search	search	NOUN
spir-11132	50	20	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	50	21	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	50	22	the	the	DET
spir-11132	50	23	terms	term	NOUN
spir-11132	50	24	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	50	25	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	50	26	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	50	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	50	28	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	50	29	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	50	30	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	50	31	via	via	ADP
spir-11132	50	32	google	google	PROPN
spir-11132	50	33	trends	trend	NOUN
spir-11132	50	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	51	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	51	2	synchronised	synchronise	VERB
spir-11132	51	3	peak	peak	NOUN
spir-11132	51	4	search	search	NOUN
spir-11132	51	5	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	51	6	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	51	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	51	8	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-11132	51	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	51	10	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	51	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	51	12	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	51	13	articles	article	NOUN
spir-11132	51	14	to	to	PART
spir-11132	51	15	explore	explore	VERB
spir-11132	51	16	which	which	PRON
spir-11132	51	17	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	51	18	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11132	51	19	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	51	20	articles	article	NOUN
spir-11132	51	21	may	may	AUX
spir-11132	51	22	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	51	23	sparked	spark	VERB
spir-11132	51	24	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	51	25	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	51	26	’	’	PART
spir-11132	51	27	interest	interest	NOUN
spir-11132	51	28	to	to	PART
spir-11132	51	29	search	search	VERB
spir-11132	51	30	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	51	31	the	the	DET
spir-11132	51	32	alleged	allege	VERB
spir-11132	51	33	links	link	NOUN
spir-11132	51	34	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	51	35	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	51	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	51	37	the	the	DET
spir-11132	51	38	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	51	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	52	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	52	2	then	then	ADV
spir-11132	52	3	analysed	analyse	VERB
spir-11132	52	4	all	all	DET
spir-11132	52	5	detected	detect	VERB
spir-11132	52	6	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	52	7	accounts	account	VERB
spir-11132	52	8	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	52	9	two	two	NUM
spir-11132	52	10	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-11132	52	11	designed	design	VERB
spir-11132	52	12	to	to	PART
spir-11132	52	13	spot	spot	VERB
spir-11132	52	14	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	52	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	52	16	trolls	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	52	17	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	52	18	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	52	19	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	52	20	botometer	botometer	NOUN
spir-11132	52	21	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	52	22	a	a	DET
spir-11132	52	23	machine	machine	NOUN
spir-11132	52	24	learning	learn	VERB
spir-11132	52	25	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
spir-11132	52	26	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	52	27	compares	compare	VERB
spir-11132	52	28	the	the	DET
spir-11132	52	29	presentation	presentation	NOUN
spir-11132	52	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	52	31	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	52	32	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	52	33	a	a	DET
spir-11132	52	34	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	52	35	account	account	NOUN
spir-11132	52	36	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	52	37	a	a	DET
spir-11132	52	38	set	set	NOUN
spir-11132	52	39	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	52	40	known	know	VERB
spir-11132	52	41	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	52	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	52	43	calculates	calculate	VERB
spir-11132	52	44	a	a	DET
spir-11132	52	45	score	score	NOUN
spir-11132	52	46	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	52	47	describes	describe	VERB
spir-11132	52	48	its	its	PRON
spir-11132	52	49	resemblance	resemblance	NOUN
spir-11132	52	50	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	52	51	a	a	DET
spir-11132	52	52	bot	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	52	53	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	52	54	varol	varol	NOUN
spir-11132	52	55	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	52	56	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	52	57	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	52	58	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	52	59	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	52	60	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	52	61	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	53	1	botsentinel	botsentinel	PROPN
spir-11132	53	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	53	3	too	too	ADV
spir-11132	53	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	53	5	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	53	6	a	a	DET
spir-11132	53	7	machine	machine	NOUN
spir-11132	53	8	learning	learn	VERB
spir-11132	53	9	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
spir-11132	53	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	53	11	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	53	12	trained	train	VERB
spir-11132	53	13	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	53	14	trollbots	trollbot	NOUN
spir-11132	53	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	53	16	botsentinel	botsentinel	X
spir-11132	53	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	53	18	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	53	19	):	):	PUNCT
spir-11132	53	20	these	these	DET
spir-11132	53	21	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	53	22	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
spir-11132	53	23	themselves	themselves	PRON
spir-11132	53	24	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	53	25	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	53	26	in	in	SCONJ
spir-11132	53	27	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	53	28	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	53	29	may	may	AUX
spir-11132	53	30	not	not	PART
spir-11132	53	31	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	53	32	fully	fully	ADV
spir-11132	53	33	automated	automate	VERB
spir-11132	53	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	53	35	aim	aim	VERB
spir-11132	53	36	to	to	PART
spir-11132	53	37	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	53	38	highly	highly	ADV
spir-11132	53	39	active	active	ADJ
spir-11132	53	40	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
spir-11132	53	41	to	to	PART
spir-11132	53	42	hinder	hinder	VERB
spir-11132	53	43	rational	rational	ADJ
spir-11132	53	44	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-11132	53	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	54	1	results	result	NOUN
spir-11132	54	2	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	54	3	identified	identify	VERB
spir-11132	54	4	four	four	NUM
spir-11132	54	5	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-11132	54	6	elements	element	NOUN
spir-11132	54	7	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	54	8	sparked	spark	VERB
spir-11132	54	9	an	an	DET
spir-11132	54	10	increased	increased	ADJ
spir-11132	54	11	interest	interest	NOUN
spir-11132	54	12	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	54	13	australians	australian	NOUN
spir-11132	54	14	to	to	PART
spir-11132	54	15	search	search	VERB
spir-11132	54	16	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	54	17	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	54	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	54	19	the	the	DET
spir-11132	54	20	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	54	21	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	54	22	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	54	23	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	54	24	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	54	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	54	26	see	see	VERB
spir-11132	54	27	figure	figure	NOUN
spir-11132	54	28	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	54	29	):	):	PUNCT
spir-11132	54	30	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	54	31	.	.	X
spir-11132	55	1	sydney	sydney	PROPN
spir-11132	55	2	declared	declare	VERB
spir-11132	55	3	a	a	DET
spir-11132	55	4	catastrophic	catastrophic	ADJ
spir-11132	55	5	fire	fire	NOUN
spir-11132	55	6	danger	danger	NOUN
spir-11132	55	7	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	55	8	the	the	DET
spir-11132	55	9	first	first	ADJ
spir-11132	55	10	time	time	NOUN
spir-11132	55	11	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	55	12	november	november	PROPN
spir-11132	55	13	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	55	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	55	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	55	16	australians	australians	PROPN
spir-11132	55	17	’	’	PART
spir-11132	55	18	interest	interest	NOUN
spir-11132	55	19	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	55	20	the	the	DET
spir-11132	55	21	possible	possible	ADJ
spir-11132	55	22	links	link	NOUN
spir-11132	55	23	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	55	24	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	55	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	55	26	the	the	DET
spir-11132	55	27	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	55	28	increased	increase	VERB
spir-11132	55	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	55	30	the	the	DET
spir-11132	55	31	guardian	guardian	NOUN
spir-11132	55	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	55	33	10	10	NUM
spir-11132	55	34	nov	nov	NOUN
spir-11132	55	35	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	55	36	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	55	37	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	55	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	56	1	2	2	X
spir-11132	56	2	.	.	X
spir-11132	56	3	a	a	DET
spir-11132	56	4	sydney	sydney	PROPN
spir-11132	56	5	morning	morning	NOUN
spir-11132	56	6	herald	herald	PROPN
spir-11132	56	7	article	article	PROPN
spir-11132	56	8	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	56	9	17	17	NUM
spir-11132	56	10	nov	nov	PROPN
spir-11132	56	11	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	56	12	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	56	13	directed	direct	VERB
spir-11132	56	14	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-11132	56	15	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	56	16	the	the	DET
spir-11132	56	17	alleged	allege	VERB
spir-11132	56	18	links	link	NOUN
spir-11132	56	19	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	56	20	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	56	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	56	22	the	the	DET
spir-11132	56	23	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	56	24	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	56	25	claiming	claim	VERB
spir-11132	56	26	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	56	27	its	its	PRON
spir-11132	56	28	title	title	NOUN
spir-11132	56	29	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	56	30	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	56	31	[	[	X
spir-11132	56	32	...	...	PUNCT
spir-11132	56	33	]	]	X
spir-11132	56	34	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	56	35	87	87	NUM
spir-11132	56	36	percent	percent	NOUN
spir-11132	56	37	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	56	38	fires	fire	NOUN
spir-11132	56	39	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	56	40	man	man	NOUN
spir-11132	56	41	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	56	42	made	make	VERB
spir-11132	56	43	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	56	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	57	1	some	some	DET
spir-11132	57	2	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	57	3	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	57	4	cited	cite	VERB
spir-11132	57	5	this	this	DET
spir-11132	57	6	article	article	NOUN
spir-11132	57	7	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	57	8	an	an	DET
spir-11132	57	9	argument	argument	NOUN
spir-11132	57	10	to	to	PART
spir-11132	57	11	get	get	VERB
spir-11132	57	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	57	13	new	new	ADJ
spir-11132	57	14	#	#	PUNCT
spir-11132	57	15	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	57	16	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	57	17	trending	trending	NOUN
spir-11132	57	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	1	3	3	X
spir-11132	58	2	.	.	X
spir-11132	58	3	one	one	NUM
spir-11132	58	4	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	58	5	account	account	NOUN
spir-11132	58	6	tweeted	tweet	VERB
spir-11132	58	7	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	58	8	21	21	NUM
spir-11132	58	9	november	november	PROPN
spir-11132	58	10	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	58	11	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	12	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	13	with	with	SCONJ
spir-11132	58	14	the	the	DET
spir-11132	58	15	vast	vast	ADJ
spir-11132	58	16	majority	majority	NOUN
spir-11132	58	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	58	18	fires	fire	NOUN
spir-11132	58	19	being	be	AUX
spir-11132	58	20	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
spir-11132	58	21	lit	light	VERB
spir-11132	58	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	23	a	a	DET
spir-11132	58	24	better	well	ADJ
spir-11132	58	25	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	58	26	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	58	27	the	the	DET
spir-11132	58	28	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	58	29	instead	instead	ADV
spir-11132	58	30	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	58	31	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	58	32	climateemergency	climateemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	58	33	would	would	AUX
spir-11132	58	34	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	58	35	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	58	36	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	58	37	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	39	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	58	40	received	receive	VERB
spir-11132	58	41	over	over	ADP
spir-11132	58	42	500	500	NUM
spir-11132	58	43	likes	like	NOUN
spir-11132	58	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	58	45	130	130	NUM
spir-11132	58	46	retweets	retweet	NOUN
spir-11132	58	47	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	48	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	49	patient	patient	ADJ
spir-11132	58	50	zero	zero	NUM
spir-11132	58	51	tweet	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	58	52	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	53	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	58	54	figure	figure	NOUN
spir-11132	58	55	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	58	56	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	58	57	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	59	1	4	4	X
spir-11132	59	2	.	.	X
spir-11132	59	3	when	when	SCONJ
spir-11132	59	4	prominent	prominent	ADJ
spir-11132	59	5	international	international	ADJ
spir-11132	59	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	59	7	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-11132	59	8	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-11132	59	9	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	59	10	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	59	11	donald	donald	PROPN
spir-11132	59	12	trump	trump	PROPN
spir-11132	59	13	jr	jr	PROPN
spir-11132	59	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	2	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	60	3	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	60	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	5	8	8	NUM
spir-11132	60	6	jan	jan	PROPN
spir-11132	60	7	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	60	8	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	60	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	10	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11132	60	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	60	12	arch	arch	ADJ
spir-11132	60	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	14	conservative	conservative	ADJ
spir-11132	60	15	liberal	liberal	ADJ
spir-11132	60	16	party	party	NOUN
spir-11132	60	17	senator	senator	PROPN
spir-11132	60	18	eric	eric	PROPN
spir-11132	60	19	abetz	abetz	PROPN
spir-11132	60	20	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	21	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	60	22	the	the	DET
spir-11132	60	23	national	national	ADJ
spir-11132	60	24	broadcaster	broadcaster	PROPN
spir-11132	60	25	abc	abc	PROPN
spir-11132	60	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	27	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	60	28	4	4	NUM
spir-11132	60	29	jan	jan	PROPN
spir-11132	60	30	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	60	31	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	60	32	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	33	repeated	repeat	VERB
spir-11132	60	34	these	these	DET
spir-11132	60	35	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-11132	60	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	37	australians	australian	NOUN
spir-11132	60	38	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	60	39	search	search	NOUN
spir-11132	60	40	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	60	41	this	this	DET
spir-11132	60	42	link	link	NOUN
spir-11132	60	43	peaked	peak	VERB
spir-11132	60	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	61	1	thus	thus	ADV
spir-11132	61	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	61	3	the	the	DET
spir-11132	61	4	idea	idea	NOUN
spir-11132	61	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	61	6	an	an	DET
spir-11132	61	7	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	61	8	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	61	9	emergency	emergency	NOUN
spir-11132	61	10	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	61	11	can	can	AUX
spir-11132	61	12	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	61	13	identified	identify	VERB
spir-11132	61	14	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	61	15	a	a	DET
spir-11132	61	16	counter	counter	NOUN
spir-11132	61	17	-	-	NOUN
spir-11132	61	18	narrative	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	61	19	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	61	20	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-11132	61	21	about	about	ADP
spir-11132	61	22	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	61	23	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	61	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	61	25	relying	rely	VERB
spir-11132	61	26	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	61	27	deconstructed	deconstruct	VERB
spir-11132	61	28	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	61	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	61	30	i.e.	i.e.	X
spir-11132	61	31	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	61	32	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	61	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	61	34	supported	support	VERB
spir-11132	61	35	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	61	36	prominent	prominent	ADJ
spir-11132	61	37	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	61	38	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	61	39	deniers	denier	NOUN
spir-11132	61	40	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	61	41	national	national	ADJ
spir-11132	61	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	61	43	international	international	ADJ
spir-11132	61	44	audiences	audience	NOUN
spir-11132	61	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	62	1	figure	figure	NOUN
spir-11132	62	2	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	62	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	63	1	google	google	PROPN
spir-11132	63	2	search	search	NOUN
spir-11132	63	3	history	history	NOUN
spir-11132	63	4	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	63	5	australians	australian	NOUN
spir-11132	63	6	searching	search	VERB
spir-11132	63	7	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	63	8	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	63	9	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	63	10	+	+	CCONJ
spir-11132	63	11	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	63	12	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	63	13	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	63	14	january	january	PROPN
spir-11132	63	15	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	63	16	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	63	17	january	january	PROPN
spir-11132	63	18	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	63	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	63	20	linked	link	VERB
spir-11132	63	21	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	63	22	crucial	crucial	ADJ
spir-11132	63	23	events	event	NOUN
spir-11132	63	24	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	63	25	the	the	DET
spir-11132	63	26	hashtag	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	63	27	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	63	28	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	63	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	64	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	64	2	relied	rely	VERB
spir-11132	64	3	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	64	4	botometer	botometer	NOUN
spir-11132	64	5	to	to	PART
spir-11132	64	6	compare	compare	VERB
spir-11132	64	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	64	8	number	number	NOUN
spir-11132	64	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	64	10	fully	fully	ADV
spir-11132	64	11	automated	automate	VERB
spir-11132	64	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	64	13	bot	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	64	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	64	15	like	like	ADJ
spir-11132	64	16	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	64	17	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-11132	64	18	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	64	19	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	64	20	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	64	21	those	those	PRON
spir-11132	64	22	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-11132	64	23	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	64	24	bushfireaustralia	bushfireaustralia	NOUN
spir-11132	64	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	64	26	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	64	27	australiafire	australiafire	NOUN
spir-11132	64	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	64	29	see	see	VERB
spir-11132	64	30	figure	figure	NOUN
spir-11132	64	31	2a	2a	NUM
spir-11132	64	32	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	64	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	65	1	overall	overall	ADV
spir-11132	65	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	65	3	the	the	DET
spir-11132	65	4	distribution	distribution	NOUN
spir-11132	65	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	65	6	bot	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	65	7	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	65	8	likeliness	likeliness	NOUN
spir-11132	65	9	scores	score	NOUN
spir-11132	65	10	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	65	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	65	12	three	three	NUM
spir-11132	65	13	hashtags	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	65	14	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	65	15	almost	almost	ADV
spir-11132	65	16	identical	identical	ADJ
spir-11132	65	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	1	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	66	2	average	average	ADJ
spir-11132	66	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	4	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	66	5	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	66	6	contributed	contribute	VERB
spir-11132	66	7	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	66	8	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	66	9	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	66	10	received	receive	VERB
spir-11132	66	11	a	a	DET
spir-11132	66	12	score	score	NOUN
spir-11132	66	13	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	66	14	0.18	0.18	NUM
spir-11132	66	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	16	sd	sd	NOUN
spir-11132	66	17	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	66	18	0.14	0.14	NUM
spir-11132	66	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	21	which	which	PRON
spir-11132	66	22	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	66	23	statistically	statistically	ADV
spir-11132	66	24	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-11132	66	25	lower	low	ADJ
spir-11132	66	26	than	than	ADP
spir-11132	66	27	those	those	PRON
spir-11132	66	28	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	66	29	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	66	30	contributing	contribute	VERB
spir-11132	66	31	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	66	32	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	66	33	bushfireaustralia	bushfireaustralia	NOUN
spir-11132	66	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	35	t	t	NOUN
spir-11132	66	36	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	66	37	5.3	5.3	NUM
spir-11132	66	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	39	df	df	PROPN
spir-11132	66	40	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	66	41	704	704	NUM
spir-11132	66	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	43	p	p	X
spir-11132	66	44	<	<	X
spir-11132	66	45	0.001	0.001	NUM
spir-11132	66	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	47	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	66	48	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	66	49	australiafire	australiafire	NOUN
spir-11132	66	50	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	51	t	t	NOUN
spir-11132	66	52	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	66	53	8.8	8.8	NUM
spir-11132	66	54	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	55	df	df	PROPN
spir-11132	66	56	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	66	57	462	462	NUM
spir-11132	66	58	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	59	p	p	NOUN
spir-11132	66	60	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	61	0.001	0.001	NUM
spir-11132	66	62	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	66	63	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	1	however	however	ADV
spir-11132	67	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	67	4	using	use	VERB
spir-11132	67	5	botsentinel	botsentinel	NOUN
spir-11132	67	6	shows	show	VERB
spir-11132	67	7	a	a	DET
spir-11132	67	8	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	67	9	picture	picture	NOUN
spir-11132	67	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	11	see	see	VERB
spir-11132	67	12	figure	figure	NOUN
spir-11132	67	13	2b	2b	NOUN
spir-11132	67	14	):	):	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	15	while	while	SCONJ
spir-11132	67	16	those	those	DET
spir-11132	67	17	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	67	18	contributing	contribute	VERB
spir-11132	67	19	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	67	20	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	67	21	australiafire	australiafire	NOUN
spir-11132	67	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	23	mean	mean	NOUN
spir-11132	67	24	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	67	25	0.08	0.08	NUM
spir-11132	67	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	27	sd	sd	ADP
spir-11132	67	28	=	=	NOUN
spir-11132	67	29	0.12	0.12	NUM
spir-11132	67	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	67	32	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	67	33	bushfireaustralia	bushfireaustralia	NOUN
spir-11132	67	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	35	mean	mean	NOUN
spir-11132	67	36	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	67	37	0.08	0.08	NUM
spir-11132	67	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	39	sd	sd	ADP
spir-11132	67	40	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	67	41	0.1	0.1	NUM
spir-11132	67	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	43	have	have	VERB
spir-11132	67	44	a	a	DET
spir-11132	67	45	very	very	ADV
spir-11132	67	46	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-11132	67	47	distribution	distribution	NOUN
spir-11132	67	48	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	67	49	trollbotlike	trollbotlike	ADJ
spir-11132	67	50	scores	score	NOUN
spir-11132	67	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	52	those	those	DET
spir-11132	67	53	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	67	54	contributing	contribute	VERB
spir-11132	67	55	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	67	56	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	67	57	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	67	58	showed	show	VERB
spir-11132	67	59	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-11132	67	60	higher	high	ADJ
spir-11132	67	61	scores	score	NOUN
spir-11132	67	62	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	67	63	average	average	ADJ
spir-11132	67	64	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	65	t	t	NOUN
spir-11132	67	66	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	67	67	12	12	NUM
spir-11132	67	68	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	69	df	df	PROPN
spir-11132	67	70	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	67	71	268	268	NUM
spir-11132	67	72	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	73	p	p	X
spir-11132	67	74	<	<	X
spir-11132	67	75	0.001	0.001	NUM
spir-11132	67	76	to	to	PART
spir-11132	67	77	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	67	78	australiafire	australiafire	NOUN
spir-11132	67	79	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	67	80	t	t	NOUN
spir-11132	67	81	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	67	82	14	14	NUM
spir-11132	67	83	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	84	df	df	PROPN
spir-11132	67	85	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	67	86	324	324	NUM
spir-11132	67	87	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	88	p	p	X
spir-11132	67	89	<	<	X
spir-11132	67	90	0.001	0.001	NUM
spir-11132	67	91	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	67	92	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	67	93	bushfireaustralia	bushfireaustralia	NOUN
spir-11132	67	94	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	67	95	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	68	1	although	although	SCONJ
spir-11132	68	2	contributors	contributor	NOUN
spir-11132	68	3	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	68	4	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	68	5	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	68	6	did	do	AUX
spir-11132	68	7	not	not	PART
spir-11132	68	8	resemble	resemble	VERB
spir-11132	68	9	fully	fully	ADV
spir-11132	68	10	automated	automate	VERB
spir-11132	68	11	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	68	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	68	13	then	then	ADV
spir-11132	68	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	68	15	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	68	16	clearly	clearly	ADV
spir-11132	68	17	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
spir-11132	68	18	a	a	DET
spir-11132	68	19	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-11132	68	20	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	68	21	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	68	22	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-11132	68	23	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	68	24	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	68	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	68	26	known	know	VERB
spir-11132	68	27	trollbots	trollbot	NOUN
spir-11132	68	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	68	29	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	68	30	botsentinel	botsentinel	NOUN
spir-11132	68	31	’s	’s	PART
spir-11132	68	32	definition	definition	NOUN
spir-11132	68	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	69	1	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	69	2	is	is	ADV
spir-11132	69	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	69	4	these	these	DET
spir-11132	69	5	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	69	6	aim	aim	VERB
spir-11132	69	7	to	to	PART
spir-11132	69	8	hinder	hinder	VERB
spir-11132	69	9	rational	rational	ADJ
spir-11132	69	10	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-11132	69	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	69	12	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	69	13	highly	highly	ADV
spir-11132	69	14	active	active	ADJ
spir-11132	69	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	69	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	69	17	seek	seek	VERB
spir-11132	69	18	to	to	PART
spir-11132	69	19	sow	sow	VERB
spir-11132	69	20	discord	discord	NOUN
spir-11132	69	21	among	among	ADP
spir-11132	69	22	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
spir-11132	69	23	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	69	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	70	1	figure	figure	VERB
spir-11132	70	2	2a+b	2a+b	NUM
spir-11132	70	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	71	1	density	density	NOUN
spir-11132	71	2	plot	plot	NOUN
spir-11132	71	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	71	4	botometer	botometer	NOUN
spir-11132	71	5	results	result	NOUN
spir-11132	71	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	71	7	top	top	NOUN
spir-11132	71	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	71	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	71	10	botsentinel	botsentinel	ADJ
spir-11132	71	11	results	result	NOUN
spir-11132	71	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	71	13	bottom	bottom	NOUN
spir-11132	71	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	71	15	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	71	16	a	a	DET
spir-11132	71	17	sample	sample	NOUN
spir-11132	71	18	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	71	19	100	100	NUM
spir-11132	71	20	random	random	ADJ
spir-11132	71	21	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	71	22	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	71	23	each	each	PRON
spir-11132	71	24	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	71	25	the	the	DET
spir-11132	71	26	hashtags	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	71	27	#	#	NOUN
spir-11132	71	28	bushfireaustralia	bushfireaustralia	NOUN
spir-11132	71	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	71	30	green	green	ADJ
spir-11132	71	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	71	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	72	1	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	72	2	australiafire	australiafire	NOUN
spir-11132	72	3	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	72	4	blue	blue	ADJ
spir-11132	72	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	72	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	72	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	72	8	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	72	9	all	all	DET
spir-11132	72	10	315	315	NUM
spir-11132	72	11	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	72	12	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-11132	72	13	#	#	SYM
spir-11132	72	14	arsonemergency	arsonemergency	NOUN
spir-11132	72	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	72	16	red	red	ADJ
spir-11132	72	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	72	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	73	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-11132	73	2	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	73	3	a	a	DET
spir-11132	73	4	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-11132	73	5	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	73	6	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	73	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	73	8	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	73	9	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	73	10	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	73	11	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	73	12	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	73	13	season	season	NOUN
spir-11132	73	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	73	15	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-11132	73	16	need	need	VERB
spir-11132	73	17	to	to	PART
spir-11132	73	18	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	73	19	able	able	ADJ
spir-11132	73	20	to	to	PART
spir-11132	73	21	find	find	VERB
spir-11132	73	22	reliable	reliable	ADJ
spir-11132	73	23	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	73	24	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	73	25	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	73	26	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	73	27	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	73	28	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	73	29	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	73	30	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	73	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	74	1	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	74	2	the	the	DET
spir-11132	74	3	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-11132	74	4	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	74	5	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	74	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	74	7	trolls	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	74	8	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	74	9	these	these	DET
spir-11132	74	10	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	74	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	74	12	these	these	DET
spir-11132	74	13	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	74	14	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	74	15	polluted	pollute	VERB
spir-11132	74	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	74	17	may	may	AUX
spir-11132	74	18	even	even	ADV
spir-11132	74	19	prevent	prevent	VERB
spir-11132	74	20	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-11132	74	21	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	74	22	forming	form	VERB
spir-11132	74	23	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	74	24	opinions	opinion	NOUN
spir-11132	74	25	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	74	26	the	the	DET
spir-11132	74	27	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
spir-11132	74	28	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-11132	74	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	75	1	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	75	2	investigation	investigation	NOUN
spir-11132	75	3	shows	show	VERB
spir-11132	75	4	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	75	5	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	75	6	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	75	7	not	not	PART
spir-11132	75	8	fully	fully	ADV
spir-11132	75	9	automated	automate	VERB
spir-11132	75	10	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	75	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	75	12	but	but	CCONJ
spir-11132	75	13	human	human	NOUN
spir-11132	75	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	75	15	curated	curate	VERB
spir-11132	75	16	trollbots	trollbot	NOUN
spir-11132	75	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	75	18	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	75	19	sought	seek	VERB
spir-11132	75	20	to	to	PART
spir-11132	75	21	kick	kick	AUX
spir-11132	75	22	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	75	23	start	start	VERB
spir-11132	75	24	a	a	DET
spir-11132	75	25	counter	counter	NOUN
spir-11132	75	26	-	-	NOUN
spir-11132	75	27	narrative	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	75	28	to	to	PART
spir-11132	75	29	replace	replace	VERB
spir-11132	75	30	the	the	DET
spir-11132	75	31	scientifically	scientifically	ADV
spir-11132	75	32	proven	prove	VERB
spir-11132	75	33	link	link	NOUN
spir-11132	75	34	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	75	35	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	75	36	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	75	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	75	38	the	the	DET
spir-11132	75	39	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	75	40	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	75	41	a	a	DET
spir-11132	75	42	non	non	ADJ
spir-11132	75	43	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	75	44	existent	existent	ADJ
spir-11132	75	45	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-11132	75	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	75	47	specifically	specifically	ADV
spir-11132	75	48	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	75	49	claiming	claim	VERB
spir-11132	75	50	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	75	51	arsonists	arsonist	NOUN
spir-11132	75	52	were	be	AUX
spir-11132	75	53	the	the	DET
spir-11132	75	54	main	main	ADJ
spir-11132	75	55	cause	cause	NOUN
spir-11132	75	56	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	75	57	the	the	DET
spir-11132	75	58	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	75	59	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	75	60	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	75	61	bushfire	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	75	62	emergency	emergency	NOUN
spir-11132	75	63	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	76	1	this	this	DET
spir-11132	76	2	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	76	3	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	76	4	relied	rely	VERB
spir-11132	76	5	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	76	6	decontextualised	decontextualise	VERB
spir-11132	76	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	76	8	deconstructed	deconstruct	VERB
spir-11132	76	9	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	76	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	76	11	amplification	amplification	NOUN
spir-11132	76	12	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	76	13	prominent	prominent	ADJ
spir-11132	76	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	76	15	influential	influential	ADJ
spir-11132	76	16	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	76	17	personas	persona	NOUN
spir-11132	76	18	around	around	ADP
spir-11132	76	19	the	the	DET
spir-11132	76	20	globe	globe	NOUN
spir-11132	76	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	76	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	76	23	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	76	24	organisations	organisation	NOUN
spir-11132	76	25	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	76	26	provided	provide	VERB
spir-11132	76	27	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	76	28	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	76	29	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	76	30	deniers	denier	NOUN
spir-11132	76	31	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	76	32	a	a	DET
spir-11132	76	33	mainstream	mainstream	NOUN
spir-11132	76	34	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	76	35	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	76	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	77	1	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	77	2	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
spir-11132	77	3	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	77	4	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	77	5	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	77	6	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11132	77	7	to	to	PART
spir-11132	77	8	become	become	VERB
spir-11132	77	9	ever	ever	ADV
spir-11132	77	10	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	77	11	common	common	ADJ
spir-11132	77	12	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	77	13	a	a	DET
spir-11132	77	14	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	77	15	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-11132	77	16	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	77	17	now	now	ADV
spir-11132	77	18	heavily	heavily	ADV
spir-11132	77	19	relies	rely	VERB
spir-11132	77	20	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	77	21	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	77	22	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	77	23	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	77	24	distribution	distribution	NOUN
spir-11132	77	25	channels	channel	NOUN
spir-11132	77	26	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11132	77	27	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	77	28	require	require	VERB
spir-11132	77	29	constant	constant	ADJ
spir-11132	77	30	vigilance	vigilance	NOUN
spir-11132	77	31	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	77	32	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	77	33	organisations	organisation	NOUN
spir-11132	77	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	77	35	journalists	journalist	NOUN
spir-11132	77	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	77	37	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-11132	77	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	77	39	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	77	40	figures	figure	NOUN
spir-11132	77	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	77	42	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-11132	77	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	77	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	77	45	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
spir-11132	77	46	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	77	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	78	1	focussing	focusse	VERB
spir-11132	78	2	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	78	3	a	a	DET
spir-11132	78	4	crucial	crucial	ADJ
spir-11132	78	5	case	case	NOUN
spir-11132	78	6	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	78	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	78	8	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	78	9	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	78	10	provides	provide	VERB
spir-11132	78	11	an	an	DET
spir-11132	78	12	important	important	ADJ
spir-11132	78	13	blueprint	blueprint	NOUN
spir-11132	78	14	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	78	15	further	further	ADJ
spir-11132	78	16	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	78	17	to	to	PART
spir-11132	78	18	investigate	investigate	VERB
spir-11132	78	19	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-11132	78	20	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	78	21	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	78	22	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	78	23	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	78	24	drawing	draw	VERB
spir-11132	78	25	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	78	26	readily	readily	ADV
spir-11132	78	27	available	available	ADJ
spir-11132	78	28	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-11132	78	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	78	30	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	78	31	combines	combine	VERB
spir-11132	78	32	a	a	DET
spir-11132	78	33	forensic	forensic	ADJ
spir-11132	78	34	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	78	35	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	78	36	the	the	DET
spir-11132	78	37	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
spir-11132	78	38	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	78	39	a	a	DET
spir-11132	78	40	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	78	41	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	78	42	a	a	DET
spir-11132	78	43	method	method	NOUN
spir-11132	78	44	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	78	45	detecting	detect	VERB
spir-11132	78	46	the	the	DET
spir-11132	78	47	presence	presence	NOUN
spir-11132	78	48	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	78	49	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	78	50	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	78	51	trolls	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	78	52	among	among	ADP
spir-11132	78	53	the	the	DET
spir-11132	78	54	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-11132	78	55	promoting	promote	VERB
spir-11132	78	56	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	78	57	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	79	1	this	this	PRON
spir-11132	79	2	enables	enable	VERB
spir-11132	79	3	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-11132	79	4	to	to	PART
spir-11132	79	5	disentangle	disentangle	VERB
spir-11132	79	6	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11132	79	7	alternative	alternative	ADJ
spir-11132	79	8	narratives	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	79	9	seek	seek	VERB
spir-11132	79	10	to	to	PART
spir-11132	79	11	ingratiate	ingratiate	VERB
spir-11132	79	12	themselves	themselves	PRON
spir-11132	79	13	into	into	ADP
spir-11132	79	14	mainstream	mainstream	ADJ
spir-11132	79	15	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	79	16	debates	debate	NOUN
spir-11132	79	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	80	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-11132	80	2	abc	abc	PROPN
spir-11132	80	3	news	news	PROPN
spir-11132	80	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	80	5	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	80	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	80	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	81	1	peter	peter	PROPN
spir-11132	81	2	dutton	dutton	PROPN
spir-11132	81	3	says	say	VERB
spir-11132	81	4	250	250	NUM
spir-11132	81	5	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	81	6	been	be	AUX
spir-11132	81	7	charged	charge	VERB
spir-11132	81	8	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	81	9	arson	arson	NOUN
spir-11132	81	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	82	1	but	but	CCONJ
spir-11132	82	2	the	the	DET
spir-11132	82	3	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	82	4	tells	tell	VERB
spir-11132	82	5	a	a	DET
spir-11132	82	6	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	82	7	story	story	NOUN
spir-11132	82	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	83	1	abc	abc	PROPN
spir-11132	83	2	news	news	PROPN
spir-11132	83	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	83	4	18	18	NUM
spir-11132	83	5	feb	feb	X
spir-11132	83	6	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	83	7	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	83	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	84	1	https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-18/fact-check-peter-dutton-arson-250charged/11971454	https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-02-18/fact-check-peter-dutton-arson-250charged/11971454	PROPN
spir-11132	84	2	abram	abram	PROPN
spir-11132	84	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	84	4	nerilie	nerilie	NOUN
spir-11132	84	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	84	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	84	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	84	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	85	1	australia	australia	PROPN
spir-11132	85	2	’s	’s	PART
spir-11132	85	3	angry	angry	ADJ
spir-11132	85	4	summer	summer	NOUN
spir-11132	85	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	85	6	this	this	PRON
spir-11132	85	7	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	85	8	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	85	9	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-11132	85	10	change	change	NOUN
spir-11132	85	11	looks	look	VERB
spir-11132	85	12	like	like	ADP
spir-11132	85	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	85	14	https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/australias-angry-summerthis-is-what-climate-change-looks-like/	https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/australias-angry-summerthis-is-what-climate-change-looks-like/	PROPN
spir-11132	86	1	botsentinel	botsentinel	X
spir-11132	86	2	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	86	3	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	86	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	86	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	87	1	bot	bot	PROPN
spir-11132	87	2	sentinel	sentinel	PROPN
spir-11132	87	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	88	1	https://botsentinel.com/	https://botsentinel.com/	PROPN
spir-11132	88	2	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-11132	88	3	news	news	PROPN
spir-11132	88	4	report	report	NOUN
spir-11132	88	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	88	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	88	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	88	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	89	1	reuters	reuters	PROPN
spir-11132	89	2	institute	institute	VERB
spir-11132	89	3	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-11132	89	4	news	news	PROPN
spir-11132	89	5	report	report	NOUN
spir-11132	89	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	89	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	90	1	https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/inlinefiles/dnr_2019_final.pdf	https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/inlinefiles/dnr_2019_final.pdf	PROPN
spir-11132	90	2	graham	graham	PROPN
spir-11132	90	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	90	4	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-11132	90	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	90	6	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	90	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	90	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	91	1	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	91	2	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	91	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	91	4	trolls	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	91	5	promote	promote	VERB
spir-11132	91	6	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-11132	91	7	theories	theory	NOUN
spir-11132	91	8	about	about	ADP
spir-11132	91	9	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	91	10	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	91	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	92	1	https://www.zdnet.com/article/twitter-bots-and-trolls-promoteconspiracy-theories-about-australian-bushfires/	https://www.zdnet.com/article/twitter-bots-and-trolls-promoteconspiracy-theories-about-australian-bushfires/	PROPN
spir-11132	93	1	shao	shao	PROPN
spir-11132	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	93	3	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11132	93	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	93	5	ciampaglia	ciampaglia	PROPN
spir-11132	93	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	93	7	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-11132	93	8	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-11132	93	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	93	10	varol	varol	PROPN
spir-11132	93	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	93	12	o.	o.	PROPN
spir-11132	93	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	93	14	yang	yang	PROPN
spir-11132	93	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	93	16	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	94	1	[	[	X
spir-11132	94	2	kaicheng	kaicheng	X
spir-11132	94	3	]	]	X
spir-11132	94	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	94	5	flammini	flammini	PROPN
spir-11132	94	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	94	7	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-11132	94	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	94	9	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	94	10	menczer	menczer	NOUN
spir-11132	94	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	94	12	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-11132	94	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	94	14	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	94	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	94	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	95	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	95	2	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	95	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	95	4	low	low	ADJ
spir-11132	95	5	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	95	6	credibility	credibility	NOUN
spir-11132	95	7	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	95	8	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	95	9	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	95	10	bots	bot	NOUN
spir-11132	95	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	95	12	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-11132	95	13	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	95	14	http://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07592v4	http://arxiv.org/pdf/1707.07592v4	PROPN
spir-11132	95	15	un	un	PROPN
spir-11132	95	16	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-11132	95	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	95	18	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	95	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	95	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	96	1	ten	ten	NUM
spir-11132	96	2	impacts	impact	NOUN
spir-11132	96	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	96	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	96	5	australian	australian	ADJ
spir-11132	96	6	bushfires	bushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	96	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	1	https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/ten-impacts-australianbushfires	https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/ten-impacts-australianbushfire	NOUN
spir-11132	97	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	97	3	2	2	NUM
spir-11132	97	4	investigating	investigate	VERB
spir-11132	97	5	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	97	6	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	97	7	shared	share	VERB
spir-11132	97	8	over	over	ADP
spir-11132	97	9	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	97	10	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	97	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	97	12	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	97	13	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	97	14	parliamentary	parliamentary	ADJ
spir-11132	97	15	elections	election	NOUN
spir-11132	97	16	nahema	nahema	ADV
spir-11132	97	17	marchal	marchal	PROPN
spir-11132	97	18	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	97	19	internet	internet	PROPN
spir-11132	97	20	institute	institute	PROPN
spir-11132	97	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	22	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	97	23	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	97	24	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	97	25	lisa	lisa	PROPN
spir-11132	97	26	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	27	maria	maria	PROPN
spir-11132	97	28	neudert	neudert	PROPN
spir-11132	97	29	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	97	30	internet	internet	PROPN
spir-11132	97	31	institute	institute	PROPN
spir-11132	97	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	33	university	university	NOUN
spir-11132	97	34	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	97	35	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	97	36	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-11132	97	37	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	97	38	the	the	DET
spir-11132	97	39	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-11132	97	40	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	97	41	selfies	selfie	NOUN
spir-11132	97	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	43	memes1	memes1	NOUN
spir-11132	97	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	97	45	animated	animate	VERB
spir-11132	97	46	gifs	gif	NOUN
spir-11132	97	47	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	97	48	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	97	49	culture	culture	NOUN
spir-11132	97	50	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	97	51	the	the	DET
spir-11132	97	52	surging	surge	VERB
spir-11132	97	53	popularity	popularity	NOUN
spir-11132	97	54	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	97	55	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	97	56	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	57	centric	centric	NOUN
spir-11132	97	58	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	97	59	like	like	ADP
spir-11132	97	60	instagram	instagram	PROPN
spir-11132	97	61	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	62	snapchat	snapchat	NOUN
spir-11132	97	63	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	64	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	97	65	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-11132	97	66	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	97	67	reach	reach	VERB
spir-11132	97	68	billions	billion	NOUN
spir-11132	97	69	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	97	70	monthly	monthly	ADJ
spir-11132	97	71	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	97	72	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	97	73	the	the	DET
spir-11132	97	74	world	world	NOUN
spir-11132	97	75	–	–	PUNCT
spir-11132	97	76	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	97	77	live	live	VERB
spir-11132	97	78	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	97	79	an	an	DET
spir-11132	97	80	age	age	NOUN
spir-11132	97	81	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	97	82	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	97	83	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	97	84	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	1	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	98	2	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	98	3	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	98	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	98	5	form	form	NOUN
spir-11132	98	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	98	7	photos	photo	NOUN
spir-11132	98	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	9	videos	video	NOUN
spir-11132	98	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	11	infographics	infographic	NOUN
spir-11132	98	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	98	13	user	user	NOUN
spir-11132	98	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	15	generated	generate	VERB
spir-11132	98	16	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	98	17	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	98	18	becoming	become	VERB
spir-11132	98	19	central	central	ADJ
spir-11132	98	20	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	98	21	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	98	22	day	day	NOUN
spir-11132	98	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	24	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	98	25	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	26	day	day	NOUN
spir-11132	98	27	interactions	interaction	NOUN
spir-11132	98	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	29	informing	inform	VERB
spir-11132	98	30	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11132	98	31	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	98	32	present	present	VERB
spir-11132	98	33	ourselves	ourselves	PRON
spir-11132	98	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	35	thomson	thomson	PROPN
spir-11132	98	36	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	98	37	greenwood	greenwood	PROPN
spir-11132	98	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	39	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	98	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	42	communicate	communicate	VERB
spir-11132	98	43	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	98	44	understand	understand	VERB
spir-11132	98	45	the	the	DET
spir-11132	98	46	world	world	NOUN
spir-11132	98	47	around	around	ADP
spir-11132	98	48	us	we	PRON
spir-11132	98	49	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	50	pearce	pearce	PROPN
spir-11132	98	51	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	98	52	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	98	53	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	98	54	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	98	55	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	98	56	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	99	1	most	most	ADJ
spir-11132	99	2	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
spir-11132	99	3	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	99	4	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	99	5	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	99	6	into	into	ADP
spir-11132	99	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	99	8	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	99	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	99	10	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	99	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	99	12	computational	computational	ADJ
spir-11132	99	13	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	99	14	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	99	15	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	99	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	99	17	relies	rely	VERB
spir-11132	99	18	heavily	heavily	ADV
spir-11132	99	19	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	99	20	text	text	NOUN
spir-11132	99	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	99	22	based	base	VERB
spir-11132	99	23	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-11132	99	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	99	25	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
spir-11132	99	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	100	1	yet	yet	CCONJ
spir-11132	100	2	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	100	3	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	100	4	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	100	5	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-11132	100	6	taking	take	VERB
spir-11132	100	7	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	100	8	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	100	9	forms	form	NOUN
spir-11132	100	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	100	11	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	100	12	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	100	13	memes	meme	NOUN
spir-11132	100	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	100	15	gifs	gifs	PROPN
spir-11132	100	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	100	17	short	short	ADJ
spir-11132	100	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	100	19	format	format	NOUN
spir-11132	100	20	video	video	NOUN
spir-11132	100	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	100	22	synthetic	synthetic	ADJ
spir-11132	100	23	deep	deep	ADJ
spir-11132	100	24	fakes	fake	NOUN
spir-11132	100	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	100	26	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	100	27	userand	userand	PROPN
spir-11132	100	28	machine	machine	NOUN
spir-11132	100	29	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	100	30	generated	generate	VERB
spir-11132	100	31	visuals	visual	NOUN
spir-11132	100	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	101	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	101	2	modern	modern	ADJ
spir-11132	101	3	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-11132	101	4	economies	economy	NOUN
spir-11132	101	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	101	6	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	101	7	forms	form	NOUN
spir-11132	101	8	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	101	9	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	101	10	offer	offer	NOUN
spir-11132	101	11	advantages	advantage	NOUN
spir-11132	101	12	over	over	ADP
spir-11132	101	13	text	text	NOUN
spir-11132	101	14	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11132	101	15	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	101	16	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	101	17	easier	easy	ADJ
spir-11132	101	18	to	to	PART
spir-11132	101	19	process	process	VERB
spir-11132	101	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	101	21	elicit	elicit	ADJ
spir-11132	101	22	emotions	emotion	NOUN
spir-11132	101	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	101	24	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	101	25	effective	effective	ADJ
spir-11132	101	26	at	at	ADP
spir-11132	101	27	capturing	capture	VERB
spir-11132	101	28	viewers	viewer	NOUN
spir-11132	101	29	’	’	PART
spir-11132	101	30	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-11132	101	31	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	101	32	fahmy	fahmy	PROPN
spir-11132	101	33	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	101	34	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	101	35	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	101	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	101	37	2014	2014	NUM
spir-11132	101	38	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	101	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	102	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	102	2	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-11132	102	3	years	year	NOUN
spir-11132	102	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	102	5	however	however	ADV
spir-11132	102	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	102	7	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	102	8	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	102	9	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	102	10	emerged	emerge	VERB
spir-11132	102	11	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	102	12	catalysts	catalyst	NOUN
spir-11132	102	13	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	102	14	misand	misand	NOUN
spir-11132	102	15	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	102	16	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	102	17	bradshaw	bradshaw	PROPN
spir-11132	102	18	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	102	19	howard	howard	PROPN
spir-11132	102	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	102	21	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	102	22	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11132	102	23	guy	guy	NOUN
spir-11132	102	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	102	25	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	102	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	102	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	103	1	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	103	2	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	103	3	therefore	therefore	ADV
spir-11132	103	4	vital	vital	ADJ
spir-11132	103	5	to	to	PART
spir-11132	103	6	better	well	ADV
spir-11132	103	7	understand	understand	VERB
spir-11132	103	8	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11132	103	9	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	103	10	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	103	11	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	103	12	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	103	13	strategically	strategically	ADV
spir-11132	103	14	employed	employ	VERB
spir-11132	103	15	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	103	16	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-11132	103	17	moments	moment	NOUN
spir-11132	103	18	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	103	19	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	103	20	life	life	NOUN
spir-11132	103	21	as	as	ADV
spir-11132	103	22	well	well	ADV
spir-11132	103	23	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	103	24	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	103	25	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-11132	103	26	consequences	consequence	NOUN
spir-11132	103	27	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	103	28	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	103	29	flows	flow	NOUN
spir-11132	103	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	103	31	audiences	audience	NOUN
spir-11132	103	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	104	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
spir-11132	104	2	the	the	DET
spir-11132	104	3	ubiquity	ubiquity	NOUN
spir-11132	104	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	104	5	potency	potency	NOUN
spir-11132	104	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	104	7	manipulative	manipulative	ADJ
spir-11132	104	8	visuals	visual	NOUN
spir-11132	104	9	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	104	10	vehicles	vehicle	NOUN
spir-11132	104	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	104	12	both	both	CCONJ
spir-11132	104	13	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	104	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	104	15	emotional	emotional	ADJ
spir-11132	104	16	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	104	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	104	18	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	104	19	use	use	NOUN
spir-11132	104	20	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	104	21	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	104	22	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	104	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	104	24	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	104	25	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-11132	104	26	remains	remain	VERB
spir-11132	104	27	critically	critically	ADV
spir-11132	104	28	understudied	understudied	ADJ
spir-11132	104	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	104	30	weller	weller	NOUN
spir-11132	104	31	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	104	32	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	104	33	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	104	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	104	35	2014	2014	NUM
spir-11132	104	36	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	104	37	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	105	2	this	this	DET
spir-11132	105	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	105	4	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	105	5	conduct	conduct	VERB
spir-11132	105	6	a	a	DET
spir-11132	105	7	multilingual	multilingual	ADJ
spir-11132	105	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	9	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-11132	105	10	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	105	11	case	case	ADJ
spir-11132	105	12	comparative	comparative	ADJ
spir-11132	105	13	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	105	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	105	15	thematic	thematic	ADJ
spir-11132	105	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	105	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	105	18	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	105	19	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	105	20	posted	post	VERB
spir-11132	105	21	1memes	1memes	NUM
spir-11132	105	22	typically	typically	ADV
spir-11132	105	23	consist	consist	VERB
spir-11132	105	24	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	105	25	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	26	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	105	27	objects	object	NOUN
spir-11132	105	28	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	105	29	riff	riff	VERB
spir-11132	105	30	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	105	31	a	a	DET
spir-11132	105	32	given	give	VERB
spir-11132	105	33	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	105	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	35	textual	textual	ADJ
spir-11132	105	36	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11132	105	37	auditory	auditory	ADJ
spir-11132	105	38	form	form	NOUN
spir-11132	105	39	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	105	40	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	105	41	then	then	ADV
spir-11132	105	42	appropriated	appropriate	VERB
spir-11132	105	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	44	re	re	VERB
spir-11132	105	45	-	-	VERB
spir-11132	105	46	coded	code	VERB
spir-11132	105	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	48	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	105	49	slotted	slot	VERB
spir-11132	105	50	back	back	ADV
spir-11132	105	51	into	into	ADP
spir-11132	105	52	the	the	DET
spir-11132	105	53	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11132	105	54	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-11132	105	55	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	105	56	came	come	VERB
spir-11132	105	57	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	105	58	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	59	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	60	nooney	nooney	NOUN
spir-11132	105	61	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	105	62	portwood	portwood	PROPN
spir-11132	105	63	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	64	stacer	stacer	PROPN
spir-11132	105	65	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	66	2014	2014	NUM
spir-11132	105	67	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	68	p.249	p.249	NOUN
spir-11132	105	69	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	105	70	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	1	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	106	2	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	106	3	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	106	4	six	six	NUM
spir-11132	106	5	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	106	6	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	106	7	language	language	NOUN
spir-11132	106	8	spheres	sphere	NOUN
spir-11132	106	9	—	—	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	10	english	english	ADJ
spir-11132	106	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	12	french	french	ADJ
spir-11132	106	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	14	german	german	ADJ
spir-11132	106	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	16	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-11132	106	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	18	spanish	spanish	ADJ
spir-11132	106	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	106	20	swedish	swedish	ADJ
spir-11132	106	21	—	—	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	22	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	106	23	a	a	DET
spir-11132	106	24	two	two	NUM
spir-11132	106	25	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	26	week	week	NOUN
spir-11132	106	27	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	106	28	long	long	ADJ
spir-11132	106	29	period	period	NOUN
spir-11132	106	30	leading	lead	VERB
spir-11132	106	31	up	up	ADP
spir-11132	106	32	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	106	33	the	the	DET
spir-11132	106	34	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	106	35	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	106	36	parliamentary	parliamentary	ADJ
spir-11132	106	37	elections	election	NOUN
spir-11132	106	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	107	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
spir-11132	107	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	107	3	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	107	4	investigate	investigate	VERB
spir-11132	107	5	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	107	6	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	107	7	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	107	8	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	107	9	the	the	DET
spir-11132	107	10	context	context	NOUN
spir-11132	107	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	107	12	two	two	NUM
spir-11132	107	13	conversations	conversation	NOUN
spir-11132	107	14	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	107	15	one	one	NUM
spir-11132	107	16	surrounding	surround	VERB
spir-11132	107	17	the	the	DET
spir-11132	107	18	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	107	19	elections	election	NOUN
spir-11132	107	20	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	107	21	general	general	ADJ
spir-11132	107	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	107	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	107	24	one	one	NUM
spir-11132	107	25	surrounding	surround	VERB
spir-11132	107	26	the	the	DET
spir-11132	107	27	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	107	28	contentious	contentious	ADJ
spir-11132	107	29	issue	issue	NOUN
spir-11132	107	30	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	107	31	membership	membership	NOUN
spir-11132	107	32	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	107	33	the	the	DET
spir-11132	107	34	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	107	35	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	107	36	three	three	NUM
spir-11132	107	37	main	main	ADJ
spir-11132	107	38	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	107	39	questions	question	NOUN
spir-11132	107	40	drive	drive	VERB
spir-11132	107	41	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	107	42	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	107	43	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	107	44	rq1	rq1	NOUN
spir-11132	107	45	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	107	46	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	107	47	salient	salient	NOUN
spir-11132	107	48	formats	format	NOUN
spir-11132	107	49	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	107	50	modes	mode	NOUN
spir-11132	107	51	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	107	52	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	107	53	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	107	54	were	be	AUX
spir-11132	107	55	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	107	56	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	107	57	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-11132	107	58	sharing	share	VERB
spir-11132	107	59	over	over	ADP
spir-11132	107	60	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	107	61	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	107	62	the	the	DET
spir-11132	107	63	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	107	64	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	107	65	parliamentary	parliamentary	ADJ
spir-11132	107	66	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	107	67	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	107	68	?	?	PUNCT
spir-11132	108	1	rq2	rq2	NOUN
spir-11132	108	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	108	3	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11132	108	4	does	do	AUX
spir-11132	108	5	this	this	PRON
spir-11132	108	6	differ	differ	VERB
spir-11132	108	7	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	108	8	two	two	NUM
spir-11132	108	9	conversations	conversation	NOUN
spir-11132	108	10	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	108	11	varying	vary	VERB
spir-11132	108	12	degrees	degree	NOUN
spir-11132	108	13	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	108	14	contention	contention	NOUN
spir-11132	108	15	?	?	PUNCT
spir-11132	109	1	rq3	rq3	NOUN
spir-11132	109	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	109	3	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	109	4	were	be	AUX
spir-11132	109	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	109	6	most	most	ADV
spir-11132	109	7	common	common	ADJ
spir-11132	109	8	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-11132	109	9	embedded	embed	VERB
spir-11132	109	10	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	109	11	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	109	12	modes	mode	NOUN
spir-11132	109	13	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	109	14	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	109	15	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	109	16	?	?	PUNCT
spir-11132	110	1	methodology	methodology	NOUN
spir-11132	110	2	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	110	3	data	data	NOUN
spir-11132	110	4	collection	collection	NOUN
spir-11132	110	5	proceeded	proceed	VERB
spir-11132	110	6	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	110	7	four	four	NUM
spir-11132	110	8	stages	stage	NOUN
spir-11132	110	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	111	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	111	2	first	first	ADV
spir-11132	111	3	identified	identify	VERB
spir-11132	111	4	a	a	DET
spir-11132	111	5	set	set	NOUN
spir-11132	111	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	111	7	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-11132	111	8	hashtags	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	111	9	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	111	10	english	english	PROPN
spir-11132	111	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	111	12	french	french	ADJ
spir-11132	111	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	111	14	german	german	ADJ
spir-11132	111	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	111	16	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-11132	111	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	111	18	polish	polish	NOUN
spir-11132	111	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	111	20	spanish	spanish	ADJ
spir-11132	111	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	111	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	111	23	swedish	swedish	PROPN
spir-11132	111	24	intended	intend	VERB
spir-11132	111	25	to	to	PART
spir-11132	111	26	capture	capture	VERB
spir-11132	111	27	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	111	28	traffic	traffic	NOUN
spir-11132	111	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	112	1	using	use	VERB
spir-11132	112	2	a	a	DET
spir-11132	112	3	set	set	NOUN
spir-11132	112	4	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	112	5	84	84	NUM
spir-11132	112	6	hashtags	hashtag	NOUN
spir-11132	112	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	112	8	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	112	9	team	team	NOUN
spir-11132	112	10	then	then	ADV
spir-11132	112	11	collected	collect	VERB
spir-11132	112	12	a	a	DET
spir-11132	112	13	total	total	NOUN
spir-11132	112	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	112	15	3,620,701	3,620,701	NUM
spir-11132	112	16	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	112	17	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	112	18	real	real	ADJ
spir-11132	112	19	time	time	NOUN
spir-11132	112	20	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	112	21	13	13	NUM
spir-11132	112	22	may	may	NOUN
spir-11132	112	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	112	24	26	26	NUM
spir-11132	112	25	may	may	PROPN
spir-11132	112	26	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	112	27	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	112	28	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	112	29	’s	’s	PART
spir-11132	112	30	streaming	streaming	NOUN
spir-11132	112	31	api	api	NOUN
spir-11132	112	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	113	1	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	113	2	this	this	DET
spir-11132	113	3	initial	initial	ADJ
spir-11132	113	4	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-11132	113	5	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	113	6	extracted	extract	VERB
spir-11132	113	7	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	113	8	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	113	9	contained	contain	VERB
spir-11132	113	10	static	static	ADJ
spir-11132	113	11	visuals	visual	NOUN
spir-11132	113	12	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	113	13	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	113	14	metadata	metadata	NOUN
spir-11132	113	15	fields	field	NOUN
spir-11132	113	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	114	1	next	next	ADV
spir-11132	114	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	114	3	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	114	4	identified	identify	VERB
spir-11132	114	5	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	114	6	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	114	7	had	have	AUX
spir-11132	114	8	been	be	AUX
spir-11132	114	9	removed	remove	VERB
spir-11132	114	10	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11132	114	11	deleted	delete	VERB
spir-11132	114	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	114	13	resulting	result	VERB
spir-11132	114	14	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	114	15	a	a	DET
spir-11132	114	16	final	final	ADJ
spir-11132	114	17	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-11132	114	18	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	114	19	307,951	307,951	NUM
spir-11132	114	20	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	114	21	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	114	22	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	114	23	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	114	24	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	114	25	which	which	PRON
spir-11132	114	26	256,204	256,204	NUM
spir-11132	114	27	related	relate	VERB
spir-11132	114	28	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	114	29	the	the	DET
spir-11132	114	30	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	114	31	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	114	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	114	33	3,164	3,164	NUM
spir-11132	114	34	related	relate	VERB
spir-11132	114	35	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	114	36	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	114	37	exit	exit	NOUN
spir-11132	114	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	115	1	finally	finally	ADV
spir-11132	115	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	115	3	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	115	4	selected	select	VERB
spir-11132	115	5	a	a	DET
spir-11132	115	6	random	random	ADJ
spir-11132	115	7	sample	sample	NOUN
spir-11132	115	8	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	115	9	599	599	NUM
spir-11132	115	10	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	115	11	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	115	12	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	115	13	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	115	14	refer	refer	VERB
spir-11132	115	15	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	115	16	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	115	17	the	the	DET
spir-11132	115	18	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	115	19	general	general	ADJ
spir-11132	115	20	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	115	21	sample	sample	NOUN
spir-11132	115	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	115	23	505	505	NUM
spir-11132	115	24	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-11132	115	25	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	115	26	the	the	DET
spir-11132	115	27	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	115	28	exit	exit	NOUN
spir-11132	115	29	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	115	30	sample	sample	NOUN
spir-11132	115	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	116	1	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	116	2	team	team	NOUN
spir-11132	116	3	developed	develop	VERB
spir-11132	116	4	a	a	DET
spir-11132	116	5	grounded	ground	VERB
spir-11132	116	6	typology	typology	NOUN
spir-11132	116	7	to	to	PART
spir-11132	116	8	classify	classify	VERB
spir-11132	116	9	visuals	visual	NOUN
spir-11132	116	10	into	into	ADP
spir-11132	116	11	categories	category	NOUN
spir-11132	116	12	based	base	VERB
spir-11132	116	13	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	116	14	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	116	15	mode	mode	NOUN
spir-11132	116	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	116	17	format	format	NOUN
spir-11132	116	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	1	here	here	ADV
spir-11132	117	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	3	format	format	NOUN
spir-11132	117	4	describes	describe	VERB
spir-11132	117	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	117	6	type	type	NOUN
spir-11132	117	7	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	117	8	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	117	9	shared	share	VERB
spir-11132	117	10	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	117	11	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	117	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	13	based	base	VERB
spir-11132	117	14	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	117	15	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	117	16	constitutive	constitutive	ADJ
spir-11132	117	17	elements	element	NOUN
spir-11132	117	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	19	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-11132	117	20	photographs	photograph	NOUN
spir-11132	117	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	22	screen	screen	NOUN
spir-11132	117	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	24	captures	capture	NOUN
spir-11132	117	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	26	posters	poster	NOUN
spir-11132	117	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	28	infographics	infographic	NOUN
spir-11132	117	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	30	composites	composite	NOUN
spir-11132	117	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	117	33	quotations	quotation	NOUN
spir-11132	117	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	36	while	while	SCONJ
spir-11132	117	37	the	the	DET
spir-11132	117	38	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-11132	117	39	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	117	40	mode	mode	NOUN
spir-11132	117	41	captures	capture	VERB
spir-11132	117	42	the	the	DET
spir-11132	117	43	ways	way	NOUN
spir-11132	117	44	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	117	45	which	which	PRON
spir-11132	117	46	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	117	47	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	117	48	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	117	49	being	be	AUX
spir-11132	117	50	transmitted	transmit	VERB
spir-11132	117	51	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	52	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-11132	117	53	official	official	ADJ
spir-11132	117	54	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	117	55	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	117	56	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	57	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	117	58	event	event	NOUN
spir-11132	117	59	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	60	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	117	61	humor	humor	NOUN
spir-11132	117	62	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	63	satellite	satellite	NOUN
spir-11132	117	64	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	117	65	material	material	NOUN
spir-11132	117	66	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	67	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	117	68	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	117	69	reporting	reporting	NOUN
spir-11132	117	70	etc	etc	X
spir-11132	117	71	.	.	X
spir-11132	117	72	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	73	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	117	74	based	base	VERB
spir-11132	117	75	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	117	76	an	an	DET
spir-11132	117	77	image	image	NOUN
spir-11132	117	78	’s	’s	PART
spir-11132	117	79	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	117	80	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	117	81	its	its	PRON
spir-11132	117	82	apparent	apparent	ADJ
spir-11132	117	83	provenance	provenance	NOUN
spir-11132	117	84	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	118	1	intercoder	intercoder	NOUN
spir-11132	118	2	reliability	reliability	NOUN
spir-11132	118	3	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	118	4	then	then	ADV
spir-11132	118	5	determined	determine	VERB
spir-11132	118	6	using	use	VERB
spir-11132	118	7	krippendorf	krippendorf	PROPN
spir-11132	118	8	’s	’s	PART
spir-11132	118	9	alpha	alpha	NOUN
spir-11132	118	10	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	118	11	two	two	NUM
spir-11132	118	12	random	random	ADJ
spir-11132	118	13	sub	sub	NOUN
spir-11132	118	14	-	-	NOUN
spir-11132	118	15	samples	sample	NOUN
spir-11132	118	16	achieving	achieve	VERB
spir-11132	118	17	high	high	ADJ
spir-11132	118	18	scores	score	NOUN
spir-11132	118	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	118	20	a	a	DET
spir-11132	118	21	=	=	PUNCT
spir-11132	118	22	0.843	0.843	NUM
spir-11132	118	23	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	118	24	format	format	NOUN
spir-11132	118	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	118	26	a	a	DET
spir-11132	118	27	=	=	NOUN
spir-11132	118	28	0.865	0.865	NUM
spir-11132	118	29	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	118	30	mode	mode	NOUN
spir-11132	118	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	118	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	119	1	finally	finally	ADV
spir-11132	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	119	3	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	119	4	performed	perform	VERB
spir-11132	119	5	a	a	DET
spir-11132	119	6	thematic	thematic	ADJ
spir-11132	119	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	119	8	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	119	9	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	119	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	119	11	inductively	inductively	ADV
spir-11132	119	12	identifying	identify	VERB
spir-11132	119	13	recurrent	recurrent	ADJ
spir-11132	119	14	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-11132	119	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	119	16	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-11132	119	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	119	18	meaning	meaning	NOUN
spir-11132	119	19	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11132	119	20	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	119	21	emerged	emerge	VERB
spir-11132	119	22	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	119	23	the	the	DET
spir-11132	119	24	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	119	25	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	119	26	semantic	semantic	ADJ
spir-11132	119	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	119	28	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	119	29	symbols	symbol	NOUN
spir-11132	119	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	120	1	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-11132	120	2	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	120	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-11132	120	4	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	120	5	find	find	VERB
spir-11132	120	6	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	120	7	visuals	visual	NOUN
spir-11132	120	8	originating	originate	VERB
spir-11132	120	9	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	120	10	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-11132	120	11	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	120	12	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-11132	120	13	prevailed	prevail	VERB
spir-11132	120	14	among	among	ADP
spir-11132	120	15	both	both	DET
spir-11132	120	16	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	120	17	conversations	conversation	NOUN
spir-11132	120	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	121	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-11132	121	2	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	121	3	shared	share	VERB
spir-11132	121	4	substantial	substantial	ADJ
spir-11132	121	5	amounts	amount	NOUN
spir-11132	121	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	121	7	anti	anti	ADJ
spir-11132	121	8	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	121	9	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	121	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	121	11	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-11132	121	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	121	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	121	14	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	121	15	a	a	DET
spir-11132	121	16	lesser	less	ADJ
spir-11132	121	17	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-11132	121	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	121	19	extremist	extremist	ADJ
spir-11132	121	20	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	121	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	121	22	this	this	DET
spir-11132	121	23	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	121	24	remained	remain	VERB
spir-11132	121	25	largely	largely	ADV
spir-11132	121	26	disjointed	disjoint	VERB
spir-11132	121	27	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	121	28	the	the	DET
spir-11132	121	29	mainstream	mainstream	ADJ
spir-11132	121	30	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	121	31	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-11132	121	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	122	1	finally	finally	ADV
spir-11132	122	2	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	122	3	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	122	4	revealed	reveal	VERB
spir-11132	122	5	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	122	6	humor	humor	NOUN
spir-11132	122	7	to	to	PART
spir-11132	122	8	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	122	9	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	122	10	a	a	DET
spir-11132	122	11	strong	strong	ADJ
spir-11132	122	12	vector	vector	NOUN
spir-11132	122	13	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	122	14	anti	anti	ADJ
spir-11132	122	15	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	122	16	establishment	establishment	ADJ
spir-11132	122	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	122	18	eurosceptic	eurosceptic	ADJ
spir-11132	122	19	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-11132	122	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	122	21	especially	especially	ADV
spir-11132	122	22	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	122	23	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-11132	122	24	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-11132	122	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	122	26	the	the	DET
spir-11132	122	27	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	122	28	project	project	NOUN
spir-11132	122	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	123	1	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	123	2	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-11132	123	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
spir-11132	123	4	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	123	5	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	123	6	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	123	7	played	play	VERB
spir-11132	123	8	a	a	DET
spir-11132	123	9	central	central	ADJ
spir-11132	123	10	role	role	NOUN
spir-11132	123	11	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	123	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	123	13	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	123	14	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	123	15	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-11132	123	16	ahead	ahead	ADV
spir-11132	123	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	123	18	the	the	DET
spir-11132	123	19	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	123	20	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	123	21	parliamentary	parliamentary	ADJ
spir-11132	123	22	elections	election	NOUN
spir-11132	123	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	123	24	both	both	CCONJ
spir-11132	123	25	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	123	26	a	a	DET
spir-11132	123	27	conduit	conduit	NOUN
spir-11132	123	28	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	123	29	official	official	ADJ
spir-11132	123	30	campaigning	campaigning	NOUN
spir-11132	123	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	123	32	candidate	candidate	NOUN
spir-11132	123	33	communications	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	123	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	123	35	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	123	36	novel	novel	ADJ
spir-11132	123	37	forms	form	NOUN
spir-11132	123	38	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	123	39	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	123	40	expression	expression	NOUN
spir-11132	123	41	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	123	42	user	user	NOUN
spir-11132	123	43	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	123	44	generated	generate	VERB
spir-11132	123	45	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	123	46	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	123	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	124	1	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	124	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	124	3	provides	provide	VERB
spir-11132	124	4	both	both	PRON
spir-11132	124	5	a	a	DET
spir-11132	124	6	terminology	terminology	NOUN
spir-11132	124	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	124	8	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-11132	124	9	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-11132	124	10	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	124	11	future	future	ADJ
spir-11132	124	12	studies	study	NOUN
spir-11132	124	13	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	124	14	the	the	DET
spir-11132	124	15	strategic	strategic	ADJ
spir-11132	124	16	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	124	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	124	18	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	124	19	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	124	20	visuals	visual	NOUN
spir-11132	124	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	124	22	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	124	23	impact	impact	NOUN
spir-11132	124	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	125	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-11132	125	2	bradshaw	bradshaw	PROPN
spir-11132	125	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	125	4	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11132	125	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	125	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	125	7	howard	howard	PROPN
spir-11132	125	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	125	9	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-11132	125	10	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-11132	125	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	125	12	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	125	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	125	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	126	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	126	2	global	global	ADJ
spir-11132	126	3	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	126	4	order	order	NOUN
spir-11132	126	5	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	126	6	global	global	ADJ
spir-11132	126	7	inventory	inventory	NOUN
spir-11132	126	8	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	126	9	organised	organise	VERB
spir-11132	126	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	126	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	126	12	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
spir-11132	126	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	126	14	working	work	VERB
spir-11132	126	15	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	126	16	2019.2	2019.2	NUM
spir-11132	126	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	126	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	127	1	project	project	NOUN
spir-11132	127	2	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	127	3	computational	computational	ADJ
spir-11132	127	4	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	127	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	1	diresta	diresta	PROPN
spir-11132	128	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	3	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-11132	128	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	5	shaffer	shaffer	PROPN
spir-11132	128	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	7	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	128	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	9	ruppel	ruppel	NOUN
spir-11132	128	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	11	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-11132	128	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	13	sullivan	sullivan	PROPN
spir-11132	128	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	15	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-11132	128	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	17	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	128	18	matney	matney	PROPN
spir-11132	128	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	20	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-11132	128	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	22	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	128	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	128	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	129	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	129	2	tactics	tactic	NOUN
spir-11132	129	3	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	129	4	tropes	trope	NOUN
spir-11132	129	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	129	6	the	the	DET
spir-11132	129	7	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11132	129	8	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	129	9	agency	agency	NOUN
spir-11132	129	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	130	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-11132	130	2	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-11132	130	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	131	1	fahmy	fahmy	PROPN
spir-11132	131	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	131	3	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11132	131	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	131	5	bock	bock	NOUN
spir-11132	131	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	131	7	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-11132	131	8	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-11132	131	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	131	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	131	11	wanta	wanta	PROPN
spir-11132	131	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	131	13	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-11132	131	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	131	15	2014	2014	NUM
spir-11132	131	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	131	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	132	1	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	132	2	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	132	3	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-11132	132	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	132	5	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	132	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	133	1	palgrave	palgrave	PROPN
spir-11132	133	2	macmillan	macmillan	PROPN
spir-11132	133	3	us	us	PROPN
spir-11132	133	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	134	1	guy	guy	NOUN
spir-11132	134	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	134	3	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-11132	134	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	134	5	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	134	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	134	7	october	october	PROPN
spir-11132	134	8	17	17	NUM
spir-11132	134	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	134	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	135	1	why	why	SCONJ
spir-11132	135	2	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	135	3	need	need	VERB
spir-11132	135	4	to	to	PART
spir-11132	135	5	understand	understand	VERB
spir-11132	135	6	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	135	7	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	135	8	visuals	visual	NOUN
spir-11132	135	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	136	1	first	first	ADJ
spir-11132	136	2	draft	draft	NOUN
spir-11132	136	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	1	pearce	pearce	PROPN
spir-11132	137	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	3	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	5	özkula	özkula	NOUN
spir-11132	137	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	7	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	8	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	10	greene	greene	PROPN
spir-11132	137	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	12	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	13	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	15	teeling	teeling	ADJ
spir-11132	137	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	17	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	19	bansard	bansard	NOUN
spir-11132	137	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	21	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	22	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	24	omena	omena	PROPN
spir-11132	137	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	26	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	27	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	29	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	137	30	rabello	rabello	PROPN
spir-11132	137	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	32	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	33	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-11132	137	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	35	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	137	36	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	137	37	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	138	1	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	138	2	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-11132	138	3	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	138	4	platform	platform	ADJ
spir-11132	138	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	138	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	138	7	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	138	8	methods	method	NOUN
spir-11132	138	9	to	to	PART
spir-11132	138	10	research	research	VERB
spir-11132	138	11	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	138	12	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	138	13	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	138	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	139	1	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	139	3	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	139	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	139	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-11132	139	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	139	7	23(2	23(2	NOUN
spir-11132	139	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	139	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	139	10	161–180	161–180	NUM
spir-11132	139	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	140	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2018.1486871	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2018.1486871	PROPN
spir-11132	140	2	thomson	thomson	PROPN
spir-11132	140	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	140	4	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-11132	140	5	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11132	140	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	140	7	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	140	8	greenwood	greenwood	PROPN
spir-11132	140	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	140	10	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	140	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	140	12	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	140	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	140	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	141	1	profile	profile	VERB
spir-11132	141	2	pictures	picture	NOUN
spir-11132	141	3	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	141	4	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	141	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	142	2	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11132	142	3	josephson	josephson	PROPN
spir-11132	142	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	5	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11132	142	6	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-11132	142	7	kelly	kelly	PROPN
spir-11132	142	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	9	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	142	10	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	142	11	smith	smith	PROPN
spir-11132	142	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	13	eds	eds	PROPN
spir-11132	142	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	17	handbook	handbook	NOUN
spir-11132	142	18	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	142	19	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-11132	142	20	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	142	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	22	1st	1st	ADJ
spir-11132	142	23	ed	ed	NOUN
spir-11132	142	24	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	142	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	26	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-11132	142	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	28	349–363	349–363	NUM
spir-11132	142	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	142	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	143	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-11132	143	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	1	weller	weller	PROPN
spir-11132	144	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	3	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	144	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	5	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-11132	144	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	7	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-11132	144	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	9	burgess	burgess	PROPN
spir-11132	144	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	11	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11132	144	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	13	mahrt	mahrt	PROPN
spir-11132	144	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	15	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-11132	144	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	17	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	144	18	puschmann	puschmann	PROPN
spir-11132	144	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	20	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11132	144	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	22	2014	2014	NUM
spir-11132	144	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	144	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	145	1	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-11132	145	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	145	3	society	society	NOUN
spir-11132	145	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	146	1	peter	peter	PROPN
spir-11132	146	2	lang	lang	PROPN
spir-11132	146	3	publishing	publishing	PROPN
spir-11132	146	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	147	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	147	2	3	3	NUM
spir-11132	147	3	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	147	4	narratives	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	147	5	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	147	6	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	147	7	people	people	NOUN
spir-11132	147	8	?	?	PUNCT
spir-11132	148	1	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-11132	148	2	deviant	deviant	ADJ
spir-11132	148	3	semantic	semantic	ADJ
spir-11132	148	4	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-11132	148	5	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	148	6	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	148	7	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	148	8	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	148	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	148	10	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	148	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	148	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	148	13	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	148	14	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	148	15	parliament	parliament	NOUN
spir-11132	148	16	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	148	17	rolf	rolf	PROPN
spir-11132	148	18	nijmeijer	nijmeijer	PROPN
spir-11132	148	19	luiss	luiss	ADJ
spir-11132	148	20	guido	guido	NOUN
spir-11132	148	21	carli	carli	PROPN
spir-11132	148	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	148	23	italy	italy	PROPN
spir-11132	148	24	kristoffer	kristoffer	PROPN
spir-11132	148	25	laigaard	laigaard	PROPN
spir-11132	148	26	nielbo	nielbo	PROPN
spir-11132	148	27	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-11132	148	28	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	148	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	148	30	denmark	denmark	PROPN
spir-11132	148	31	marie	marie	PROPN
spir-11132	148	32	damsgaard	damsgaard	PROPN
spir-11132	148	33	mortensen	mortensen	PROPN
spir-11132	148	34	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-11132	148	35	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	148	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	148	37	denmark	denmark	PROPN
spir-11132	148	38	anja	anja	PROPN
spir-11132	148	39	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-11132	148	40	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-11132	148	41	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	148	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	148	43	denmark	denmark	NOUN
spir-11132	148	44	/	/	SYM
spir-11132	148	45	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	148	46	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	148	47	antwerp	antwerp	PROPN
spir-11132	148	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	148	49	belgium	belgium	NOUN
spir-11132	148	50	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-11132	148	51	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	148	52	has	have	AUX
spir-11132	148	53	been	be	AUX
spir-11132	148	54	heavily	heavily	ADV
spir-11132	148	55	criticized	criticize	VERB
spir-11132	148	56	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	148	57	allowing	allow	VERB
spir-11132	148	58	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	148	59	parties	party	NOUN
spir-11132	148	60	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	148	61	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	148	62	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	148	63	to	to	PART
spir-11132	148	64	potentially	potentially	ADV
spir-11132	148	65	advertise	advertise	VERB
spir-11132	148	66	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	148	67	conflicting	conflicting	ADJ
spir-11132	148	68	voices	voice	NOUN
spir-11132	148	69	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	148	70	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	148	71	groups	group	NOUN
spir-11132	148	72	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	148	73	people	people	NOUN
spir-11132	148	74	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	148	75	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	148	76	microtargeting	microtargete	VERB
spir-11132	148	77	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-11132	148	78	interface	interface	NOUN
spir-11132	148	79	without	without	ADP
spir-11132	148	80	being	be	AUX
spir-11132	148	81	transparent	transparent	ADJ
spir-11132	148	82	about	about	ADP
spir-11132	148	83	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	148	84	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	149	1	this	this	PRON
spir-11132	149	2	has	have	VERB
spir-11132	149	3	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-11132	149	4	implications	implication	NOUN
spir-11132	149	5	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	149	6	deliberative	deliberative	ADJ
spir-11132	149	7	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-11132	149	8	because	because	SCONJ
spir-11132	149	9	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-11132	149	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	149	11	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-11132	149	12	can	can	AUX
spir-11132	149	13	create	create	VERB
spir-11132	149	14	voter	voter	NOUN
spir-11132	149	15	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
spir-11132	149	16	where	where	SCONJ
spir-11132	149	17	certain	certain	ADJ
spir-11132	149	18	voters	voter	NOUN
spir-11132	149	19	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	149	20	targeted	target	VERB
spir-11132	149	21	either	either	CCONJ
spir-11132	149	22	heavily	heavily	ADV
spir-11132	149	23	due	due	ADJ
spir-11132	149	24	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	149	25	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	149	26	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
spir-11132	149	27	profile	profile	NOUN
spir-11132	149	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	149	29	voter	voter	NOUN
spir-11132	149	30	region	region	NOUN
spir-11132	149	31	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	149	32	available	available	ADJ
spir-11132	149	33	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	149	34	the	the	DET
spir-11132	149	35	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-11132	149	36	interface	interface	NOUN
spir-11132	149	37	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	149	38	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
spir-11132	149	39	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	149	40	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	149	41	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	149	42	messages	message	NOUN
spir-11132	149	43	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	149	44	bechmann	bechmann	NOUN
spir-11132	149	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	149	46	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	149	47	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	149	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	150	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
spir-11132	150	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	150	3	the	the	DET
spir-11132	150	4	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-11132	150	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	150	6	overview	overview	NOUN
spir-11132	150	7	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	150	8	the	the	DET
spir-11132	150	9	amount	amount	NOUN
spir-11132	150	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	150	11	placed	place	VERB
spir-11132	150	12	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	150	13	prevent	prevent	VERB
spir-11132	150	14	an	an	DET
spir-11132	150	15	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-11132	150	16	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	150	17	the	the	DET
spir-11132	150	18	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-11132	150	19	correlation	correlation	NOUN
spir-11132	150	20	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	150	21	the	the	DET
spir-11132	150	22	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	150	23	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	150	24	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	150	25	any	any	DET
spir-11132	150	26	candidate	candidate	NOUN
spir-11132	150	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	150	28	the	the	DET
spir-11132	150	29	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
spir-11132	150	30	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	150	31	results	result	NOUN
spir-11132	150	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	151	1	based	base	VERB
spir-11132	151	2	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	151	3	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	151	4	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	151	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	151	6	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	151	7	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-11132	151	8	library	library	NOUN
spir-11132	151	9	established	establish	VERB
spir-11132	151	10	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	151	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	151	12	wake	wake	NOUN
spir-11132	151	13	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	151	14	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	151	15	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-11132	151	16	pressure	pressure	NOUN
spir-11132	151	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	151	18	buning	bune	VERB
spir-11132	151	19	et	et	NOUN
spir-11132	151	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	152	1	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	152	2	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	152	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	152	4	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	152	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	152	6	this	this	DET
spir-11132	152	7	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	152	8	will	will	AUX
spir-11132	152	9	analyze	analyze	VERB
spir-11132	152	10	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-11132	152	11	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	152	12	find	find	VERB
spir-11132	152	13	conflicting	conflicting	ADJ
spir-11132	152	14	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	152	15	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	152	16	the	the	DET
spir-11132	152	17	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	152	18	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	152	19	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	152	20	candidates	candidate	NOUN
spir-11132	152	21	running	run	VERB
spir-11132	152	22	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	152	23	the	the	DET
spir-11132	152	24	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	152	25	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	152	26	parliament	parliament	NOUN
spir-11132	152	27	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	152	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	152	29	epe	epe	PROPN
spir-11132	152	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	152	31	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	152	32	european	european	PROPN
spir-11132	152	33	union	union	PROPN
spir-11132	152	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	152	35	eu	eu	NOUN
spir-11132	152	36	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	152	37	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	152	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	152	39	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-11132	152	40	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	152	41	conflicting	conflicting	ADJ
spir-11132	152	42	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	152	43	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	152	44	to	to	PART
spir-11132	152	45	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	152	46	found	find	VERB
spir-11132	152	47	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	152	48	certain	certain	ADJ
spir-11132	152	49	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	152	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	153	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	153	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	153	3	will	will	AUX
spir-11132	153	4	analyze	analyze	VERB
spir-11132	153	5	all	all	DET
spir-11132	153	6	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	153	7	items	item	NOUN
spir-11132	153	8	available	available	ADJ
spir-11132	153	9	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	153	10	the	the	DET
spir-11132	153	11	archive	archive	NOUN
spir-11132	153	12	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	153	13	may	may	PROPN
spir-11132	153	14	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	153	15	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	153	16	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	153	17	parties	party	NOUN
spir-11132	153	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	153	19	all	all	DET
spir-11132	153	20	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	153	21	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	153	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	154	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	154	2	will	will	AUX
spir-11132	154	3	measure	measure	VERB
spir-11132	154	4	if	if	SCONJ
spir-11132	154	5	deviant	deviant	ADJ
spir-11132	154	6	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	154	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	154	8	see	see	VERB
spir-11132	154	9	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	154	10	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-11132	154	11	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	154	12	nielbo	nielbo	PROPN
spir-11132	154	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	154	14	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	154	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	154	16	within	within	ADP
spir-11132	154	17	a	a	DET
spir-11132	154	18	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	154	19	party	party	NOUN
spir-11132	154	20	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	154	21	correlate	correlate	VERB
spir-11132	154	22	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	154	23	factors	factor	NOUN
spir-11132	154	24	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	154	25	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	154	26	country	country	NOUN
spir-11132	154	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	154	28	left	left	ADJ
spir-11132	154	29	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	154	30	center	center	NOUN
spir-11132	154	31	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	154	32	right	right	NOUN
spir-11132	154	33	leaning	leaning	NOUN
spir-11132	154	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	154	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	154	36	which	which	DET
spir-11132	154	37	factors	factor	NOUN
spir-11132	154	38	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	154	39	the	the	DET
spir-11132	154	40	strongest	strong	ADJ
spir-11132	154	41	predictor	predictor	NOUN
spir-11132	154	42	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	154	43	deviant	deviant	ADJ
spir-11132	154	44	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	154	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	155	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	155	2	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-11132	155	3	deviant	deviant	ADJ
spir-11132	155	4	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-11132	155	5	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	155	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	155	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	155	8	associated	associated	ADJ
spir-11132	155	9	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-11132	155	10	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	155	11	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	155	12	studies	study	NOUN
spir-11132	155	13	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	155	14	shown	show	VERB
spir-11132	155	15	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	155	16	known	know	VERB
spir-11132	155	17	agents	agent	NOUN
spir-11132	155	18	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	155	19	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	155	20	dissemination	dissemination	NOUN
spir-11132	155	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	155	22	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	155	23	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	155	24	the	the	DET
spir-11132	155	25	russian	russian	ADJ
spir-11132	155	26	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11132	155	27	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	155	28	agency	agency	PROPN
spir-11132	155	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	155	30	ira	ira	PROPN
spir-11132	155	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	155	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	155	33	adjusted	adjust	VERB
spir-11132	155	34	the	the	DET
spir-11132	155	35	contents	content	NOUN
spir-11132	155	36	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	155	37	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	155	38	2015	2015	NUM
spir-11132	155	39	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	155	40	2016	2016	NUM
spir-11132	155	41	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	155	42	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-11132	155	43	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	155	44	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	155	45	the	the	DET
spir-11132	155	46	united	united	PROPN
spir-11132	155	47	states	states	PROPN
spir-11132	155	48	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	155	49	us	we	PRON
spir-11132	155	50	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	155	51	based	base	VERB
spir-11132	155	52	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	155	53	the	the	DET
spir-11132	155	54	groups	group	NOUN
spir-11132	155	55	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	155	56	intended	intend	VERB
spir-11132	155	57	to	to	PART
spir-11132	155	58	target	target	VERB
spir-11132	155	59	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	156	1	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	156	2	targeting	target	VERB
spir-11132	156	3	conservative	conservative	ADJ
spir-11132	156	4	voters	voter	NOUN
spir-11132	156	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	156	6	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	156	7	example	example	NOUN
spir-11132	156	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	156	9	preyed	preyed	ADJ
spir-11132	156	10	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	156	11	existing	exist	VERB
spir-11132	156	12	prejudices	prejudice	NOUN
spir-11132	156	13	against	against	ADP
spir-11132	156	14	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	156	15	others	other	NOUN
spir-11132	156	16	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	156	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	156	18	whereas	whereas	SCONJ
spir-11132	156	19	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	156	20	aimed	aim	VERB
spir-11132	156	21	at	at	ADP
spir-11132	156	22	africanamericans	africanamerican	NOUN
spir-11132	156	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	156	24	mexican	mexican	PROPN
spir-11132	156	25	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	156	26	americans	americans	PROPN
spir-11132	156	27	tried	try	VERB
spir-11132	156	28	to	to	PART
spir-11132	156	29	increase	increase	VERB
spir-11132	156	30	distrust	distrust	NOUN
spir-11132	156	31	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	156	32	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-11132	156	33	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	156	34	the	the	DET
spir-11132	156	35	us	us	PROPN
spir-11132	156	36	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	156	37	howard	howard	PROPN
spir-11132	156	38	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	156	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	157	1	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	157	2	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	157	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	157	4	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	157	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	157	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	158	1	this	this	PRON
spir-11132	158	2	lends	lend	VERB
spir-11132	158	3	credence	credence	NOUN
spir-11132	158	4	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	158	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	158	6	assumption	assumption	NOUN
spir-11132	158	7	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	158	8	facebook	facebook	VERB
spir-11132	158	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	158	10	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	158	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	158	12	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	158	13	intended	intend	VERB
spir-11132	158	14	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-11132	158	15	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	158	16	based	base	VERB
spir-11132	158	17	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	158	18	the	the	DET
spir-11132	158	19	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-11132	158	20	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	158	21	conflicting	conflicting	ADJ
spir-11132	158	22	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	158	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	159	1	when	when	SCONJ
spir-11132	159	2	this	this	DET
spir-11132	159	3	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-11132	159	4	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	159	5	applied	apply	VERB
spir-11132	159	6	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	159	7	the	the	DET
spir-11132	159	8	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	159	9	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	159	10	parliament	parliament	NOUN
spir-11132	159	11	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	159	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	159	13	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	159	14	can	can	AUX
spir-11132	159	15	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	159	16	hypothesized	hypothesize	VERB
spir-11132	159	17	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	159	18	the	the	DET
spir-11132	159	19	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	159	20	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-11132	159	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	159	22	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	159	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	159	24	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	159	25	spheres	sphere	NOUN
spir-11132	159	26	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	159	27	each	each	DET
spir-11132	159	28	member	member	NOUN
spir-11132	159	29	state	state	NOUN
spir-11132	159	30	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-11132	159	31	the	the	DET
spir-11132	159	32	content	content	NOUN
spir-11132	159	33	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	159	34	the	the	DET
spir-11132	159	35	targeted	target	VERB
spir-11132	159	36	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	159	37	shown	show	VERB
spir-11132	159	38	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	159	39	voters	voter	NOUN
spir-11132	159	40	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	159	41	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	159	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	160	1	a	a	DET
spir-11132	160	2	major	major	ADJ
spir-11132	160	3	advantage	advantage	NOUN
spir-11132	160	4	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	160	5	studying	study	VERB
spir-11132	160	6	this	this	DET
spir-11132	160	7	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	160	8	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	160	9	the	the	DET
spir-11132	160	10	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-11132	160	11	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	160	12	country	country	ADJ
spir-11132	160	13	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	160	14	run	run	VERB
spir-11132	160	15	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	160	16	the	the	DET
spir-11132	160	17	same	same	ADJ
spir-11132	160	18	candidates	candidate	NOUN
spir-11132	160	19	/	/	SYM
spir-11132	160	20	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	160	21	groups	group	NOUN
spir-11132	160	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	160	23	which	which	PRON
spir-11132	160	24	allows	allow	VERB
spir-11132	160	25	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	160	26	a	a	DET
spir-11132	160	27	comparative	comparative	ADJ
spir-11132	160	28	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	160	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	161	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	161	2	percentage	percentage	NOUN
spir-11132	161	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	161	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	161	5	population	population	NOUN
spir-11132	161	6	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	161	7	uses	use	VERB
spir-11132	161	8	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	161	9	varies	vary	VERB
spir-11132	161	10	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-11132	161	11	per	per	ADP
spir-11132	161	12	country	country	NOUN
spir-11132	161	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	161	14	affecting	affect	VERB
spir-11132	161	15	any	any	DET
spir-11132	161	16	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-11132	161	17	success	success	NOUN
spir-11132	161	18	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	161	19	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	161	20	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	161	21	this	this	DET
spir-11132	161	22	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	161	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	162	1	differences	difference	NOUN
spir-11132	162	2	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	162	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	162	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	162	5	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	162	6	systems	system	NOUN
spir-11132	162	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	162	8	hallin	hallin	PROPN
spir-11132	162	9	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	162	10	mancini	mancini	PROPN
spir-11132	162	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	162	12	2004	2004	NUM
spir-11132	162	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	162	14	further	far	ADV
spir-11132	162	15	increase	increase	VERB
spir-11132	162	16	the	the	DET
spir-11132	162	17	likelihood	likelihood	NOUN
spir-11132	162	18	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	162	19	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	162	20	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	162	21	spread	spread	VERB
spir-11132	162	22	a	a	DET
spir-11132	162	23	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	162	24	narrative	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	162	25	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	162	26	each	each	DET
spir-11132	162	27	country	country	NOUN
spir-11132	162	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	163	1	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	163	2	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	163	3	the	the	DET
spir-11132	163	4	objective	objective	NOUN
spir-11132	163	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	163	6	this	this	DET
spir-11132	163	7	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	163	8	to	to	PART
spir-11132	163	9	identify	identify	VERB
spir-11132	163	10	deviant	deviant	ADJ
spir-11132	163	11	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	163	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	163	13	if	if	SCONJ
spir-11132	163	14	any	any	PRON
spir-11132	163	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	163	16	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	163	17	microtargeting	microtargete	VERB
spir-11132	163	18	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	163	19	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	163	20	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	163	21	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	163	22	european	european	ADJ
spir-11132	163	23	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	163	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	164	1	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	164	2	has	have	AUX
spir-11132	164	3	shown	show	VERB
spir-11132	164	4	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	164	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	164	6	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	164	7	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	164	8	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
spir-11132	164	9	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	164	10	narratives	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	164	11	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	164	12	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	164	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	164	14	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	164	15	observed	observe	VERB
spir-11132	164	16	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	164	17	among	among	ADP
spir-11132	164	18	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	164	19	parties	party	NOUN
spir-11132	164	20	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	164	21	the	the	DET
spir-11132	164	22	far	far	ADV
spir-11132	164	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	164	24	right	right	NOUN
spir-11132	164	25	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	164	26	the	the	DET
spir-11132	164	27	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
spir-11132	164	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	164	29	lance	lance	PROPN
spir-11132	164	30	bennett	bennett	PROPN
spir-11132	164	31	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	164	32	livingston	livingston	PROPN
spir-11132	164	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	164	34	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	164	35	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	164	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	165	1	however	however	ADV
spir-11132	165	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	165	3	this	this	PRON
spir-11132	165	4	may	may	AUX
spir-11132	165	5	vary	vary	VERB
spir-11132	165	6	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	165	7	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	165	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	166	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	166	2	anti	anti	ADJ
spir-11132	166	3	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	166	4	establishment	establishment	ADJ
spir-11132	166	5	five	five	NUM
spir-11132	166	6	star	star	NOUN
spir-11132	166	7	movement	movement	PROPN
spir-11132	166	8	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	166	9	italy	italy	PROPN
spir-11132	166	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	166	11	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	166	12	example	example	NOUN
spir-11132	166	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	166	14	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	166	15	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	166	16	difficult	difficult	ADJ
spir-11132	166	17	to	to	PART
spir-11132	166	18	fit	fit	VERB
spir-11132	166	19	within	within	ADP
spir-11132	166	20	that	that	DET
spir-11132	166	21	frame	frame	NOUN
spir-11132	166	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	166	23	but	but	CCONJ
spir-11132	166	24	has	have	VERB
spir-11132	166	25	a	a	DET
spir-11132	166	26	history	history	NOUN
spir-11132	166	27	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	166	28	constructing	construct	VERB
spir-11132	166	29	emotional	emotional	ADJ
spir-11132	166	30	narratives	narrative	NOUN
spir-11132	166	31	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	166	32	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	166	33	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	166	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	166	35	fusaro	fusaro	NOUN
spir-11132	166	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	166	37	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	166	38	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	166	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	167	1	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	167	2	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	167	3	the	the	DET
spir-11132	167	4	assumption	assumption	NOUN
spir-11132	167	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	167	6	this	this	DET
spir-11132	167	7	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	167	8	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	167	9	there	there	PRON
spir-11132	167	10	will	will	AUX
spir-11132	167	11	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	167	12	an	an	DET
spir-11132	167	13	observable	observable	ADJ
spir-11132	167	14	semantic	semantic	ADJ
spir-11132	167	15	distance	distance	NOUN
spir-11132	167	16	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	167	17	microtargeting	microtargete	VERB
spir-11132	167	18	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	167	19	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-11132	167	20	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	167	21	used	use	VERB
spir-11132	167	22	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	167	23	the	the	DET
spir-11132	167	24	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	167	25	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	167	26	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	167	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	167	28	where	where	SCONJ
spir-11132	167	29	far	far	ADV
spir-11132	167	30	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	167	31	right	right	NOUN
spir-11132	167	32	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-11132	167	33	/	/	SYM
spir-11132	167	34	parties	party	NOUN
spir-11132	167	35	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	167	36	the	the	DET
spir-11132	167	37	most	most	ADV
spir-11132	167	38	divergent	divergent	ADJ
spir-11132	167	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	168	1	methods	method	NOUN
spir-11132	168	2	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	168	3	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-11132	168	4	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	168	5	order	order	NOUN
spir-11132	168	6	to	to	PART
spir-11132	168	7	examine	examine	VERB
spir-11132	168	8	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-11132	168	9	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	168	10	see	see	VERB
spir-11132	168	11	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	168	12	semantics	semantic	NOUN
spir-11132	168	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	168	14	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	168	15	use	use	VERB
spir-11132	168	16	the	the	DET
spir-11132	168	17	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-11132	168	18	library	library	NOUN
spir-11132	168	19	api	api	NOUN
spir-11132	168	20	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	168	21	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	168	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	168	23	https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/api/	https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/api/	PROPN
spir-11132	168	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	168	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	168	26	comprising	comprise	VERB
spir-11132	168	27	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	168	28	posted	post	VERB
spir-11132	168	29	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	168	30	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	168	31	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	168	32	the	the	DET
spir-11132	168	33	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	168	34	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	168	35	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	168	36	isolating	isolate	VERB
spir-11132	168	37	the	the	DET
spir-11132	168	38	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-11132	168	39	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	168	40	the	the	DET
spir-11132	168	41	run	run	VERB
spir-11132	168	42	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	168	43	up	up	NOUN
spir-11132	168	44	period	period	NOUN
spir-11132	168	45	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	168	46	may	may	PROPN
spir-11132	168	47	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	168	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	169	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	169	2	library	library	PROPN
spir-11132	169	3	api	api	NOUN
spir-11132	169	4	contains	contain	VERB
spir-11132	169	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	169	6	text	text	NOUN
spir-11132	169	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	169	8	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	169	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	169	10	any	any	DET
spir-11132	169	11	urls	url	NOUN
spir-11132	169	12	included	include	VERB
spir-11132	169	13	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	169	14	the	the	DET
spir-11132	169	15	advertisement	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	169	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	169	17	impression	impression	NOUN
spir-11132	169	18	count	count	NOUN
spir-11132	169	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	169	20	range	range	NOUN
spir-11132	169	21	provided	provide	VERB
spir-11132	169	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	169	23	as	as	ADV
spir-11132	169	24	well	well	ADV
spir-11132	169	25	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	169	26	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	169	27	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	169	28	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	169	29	viewed	view	VERB
spir-11132	169	30	the	the	DET
spir-11132	169	31	advertisement	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	169	32	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	169	33	7	7	NUM
spir-11132	169	34	age	age	NOUN
spir-11132	169	35	categories	category	NOUN
spir-11132	169	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	169	37	3	3	NUM
spir-11132	169	38	gender	gender	NOUN
spir-11132	169	39	categories	category	NOUN
spir-11132	169	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	169	41	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	169	42	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	169	43	paid	pay	VERB
spir-11132	169	44	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	169	45	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	169	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	170	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	170	2	identify	identify	VERB
spir-11132	170	3	parties	party	NOUN
spir-11132	170	4	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	170	5	national	national	ADJ
spir-11132	170	6	epe	epe	PROPN
spir-11132	170	7	lists	list	NOUN
spir-11132	170	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	170	9	code	code	VERB
spir-11132	170	10	them	they	PRON
spir-11132	170	11	using	use	VERB
spir-11132	170	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	170	13	chapel	chapel	NOUN
spir-11132	170	14	hill	hill	PROPN
spir-11132	170	15	expert	expert	PROPN
spir-11132	170	16	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-11132	170	17	scores	score	NOUN
spir-11132	170	18	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11132	170	19	politically	politically	ADV
spir-11132	170	20	left	leave	VERB
spir-11132	170	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	170	22	center	center	NOUN
spir-11132	170	23	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11132	170	24	right	right	ADV
spir-11132	170	25	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	170	26	leaning	lean	VERB
spir-11132	170	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	171	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	171	2	then	then	ADV
spir-11132	171	3	sort	sort	VERB
spir-11132	171	4	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	171	5	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-11132	171	6	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
spir-11132	171	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	171	8	run	run	VERB
spir-11132	171	9	word	word	NOUN
spir-11132	171	10	count	count	NOUN
spir-11132	171	11	vectorization	vectorization	NOUN
spir-11132	171	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	171	13	term	term	NOUN
spir-11132	171	14	frequency	frequency	NOUN
spir-11132	171	15	–	–	PUNCT
spir-11132	171	16	inverse	inverse	ADJ
spir-11132	171	17	document	document	NOUN
spir-11132	171	18	frequency	frequency	NOUN
spir-11132	171	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	171	20	document	document	NOUN
spir-11132	171	21	clustering	clustering	NOUN
spir-11132	171	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	171	23	paragraph	paragraph	NOUN
spir-11132	171	24	embedding	embed	VERB
spir-11132	171	25	to	to	PART
spir-11132	171	26	identify	identify	VERB
spir-11132	171	27	semantic	semantic	ADJ
spir-11132	171	28	differences	difference	NOUN
spir-11132	171	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	172	1	these	these	DET
spir-11132	172	2	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	172	3	levels	level	NOUN
spir-11132	172	4	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	172	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	172	6	should	should	AUX
spir-11132	172	7	give	give	VERB
spir-11132	172	8	a	a	DET
spir-11132	172	9	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
spir-11132	172	10	overview	overview	NOUN
spir-11132	172	11	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	172	12	any	any	DET
spir-11132	172	13	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-11132	172	14	textual	textual	ADJ
spir-11132	172	15	deviations	deviation	NOUN
spir-11132	172	16	within	within	ADP
spir-11132	172	17	the	the	DET
spir-11132	172	18	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-11132	172	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	172	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	172	21	the	the	DET
spir-11132	172	22	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	172	23	entities	entity	NOUN
spir-11132	172	24	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	172	25	used	use	VERB
spir-11132	172	26	them	they	PRON
spir-11132	172	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	173	1	this	this	PRON
spir-11132	173	2	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	173	3	done	do	VERB
spir-11132	173	4	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	173	5	each	each	DET
spir-11132	173	6	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	173	7	member	member	NOUN
spir-11132	173	8	state	state	NOUN
spir-11132	173	9	individually	individually	ADV
spir-11132	173	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	173	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	173	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	173	13	respective	respective	ADJ
spir-11132	173	14	results	result	NOUN
spir-11132	173	15	will	will	AUX
spir-11132	173	16	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	173	17	compared	compare	VERB
spir-11132	173	18	to	to	PART
spir-11132	173	19	identify	identify	VERB
spir-11132	173	20	any	any	DET
spir-11132	173	21	major	major	ADJ
spir-11132	173	22	differences	difference	NOUN
spir-11132	173	23	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	173	24	the	the	DET
spir-11132	173	25	use	use	NOUN
spir-11132	173	26	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	173	27	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	173	28	microtargeting	microtargeting	NOUN
spir-11132	173	29	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	173	30	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	173	31	across	across	ADP
spir-11132	173	32	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-11132	173	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	174	1	results	result	NOUN
spir-11132	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	174	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-11132	174	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	174	5	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
spir-11132	174	6	the	the	DET
spir-11132	174	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	174	8	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	174	9	currently	currently	ADV
spir-11132	174	10	being	be	AUX
spir-11132	174	11	processed	process	VERB
spir-11132	174	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	174	13	the	the	DET
spir-11132	174	14	results	result	NOUN
spir-11132	174	15	will	will	AUX
spir-11132	174	16	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	174	17	presented	present	VERB
spir-11132	174	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	174	19	discussed	discuss	VERB
spir-11132	174	20	at	at	ADP
spir-11132	174	21	the	the	DET
spir-11132	174	22	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-11132	174	23	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	174	24	october	october	PROPN
spir-11132	174	25	2020	2020	NUM
spir-11132	174	26	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	174	27	an	an	DET
spir-11132	174	28	add	add	NOUN
spir-11132	174	29	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	174	30	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	174	31	the	the	DET
spir-11132	174	32	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-11132	174	33	presented	present	VERB
spir-11132	174	34	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	174	35	this	this	DET
spir-11132	174	36	extended	extended	ADJ
spir-11132	174	37	abstract	abstract	NOUN
spir-11132	174	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	175	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-11132	175	2	bechmann	bechmann	NOUN
spir-11132	175	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	175	4	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-11132	175	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	175	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	175	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	175	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	176	1	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	176	2	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	176	3	humans	human	NOUN
spir-11132	176	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	176	5	representation	representation	NOUN
spir-11132	176	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	176	7	accountability	accountability	NOUN
spir-11132	176	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	176	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	176	10	equality	equality	NOUN
spir-11132	176	11	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	176	12	big	big	ADJ
spir-11132	176	13	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	176	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	177	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	177	2	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	177	3	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-11132	177	4	series	series	NOUN
spir-11132	177	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	177	6	vol	vol	NOUN
spir-11132	177	7	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	178	1	16	16	NUM
spir-11132	178	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	179	1	human	human	ADJ
spir-11132	179	2	rights	right	NOUN
spir-11132	179	3	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	179	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	179	5	age	age	NOUN
spir-11132	179	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	179	7	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	179	8	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	179	9	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-11132	179	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	180	1	73–94	73–94	NUM
spir-11132	180	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	180	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	181	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
spir-11132	181	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	181	3	ma	ma	PROPN
spir-11132	181	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	181	5	mit	mit	PROPN
spir-11132	181	6	press	press	PROPN
spir-11132	181	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	182	1	bennett	bennett	PROPN
spir-11132	182	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	182	3	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-11132	182	4	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-11132	182	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	182	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	182	7	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11132	182	8	livingston	livingston	PROPN
spir-11132	182	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	182	10	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	182	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	182	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	183	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	183	2	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	183	3	order	order	NOUN
spir-11132	183	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	183	5	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ
spir-11132	183	6	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	183	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	183	8	the	the	DET
spir-11132	183	9	decline	decline	NOUN
spir-11132	183	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	183	11	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-11132	183	12	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-11132	183	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	184	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	184	2	european	european	PROPN
spir-11132	184	3	journal	journal	PROPN
spir-11132	184	4	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	184	5	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	184	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	184	7	vol	vol	NOUN
spir-11132	184	8	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	185	1	33	33	NUM
spir-11132	185	2	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	185	3	2	2	NUM
spir-11132	185	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	185	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	185	6	122–139	122–139	NUM
spir-11132	185	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	186	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/026732311876031	https://doi.org/10.1177/026732311876031	NOUN
spir-11132	186	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	187	1	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-11132	187	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	187	3	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-11132	187	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	187	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	187	6	nielbo	nielbo	PROPN
spir-11132	187	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	187	8	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	187	9	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-11132	187	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	187	11	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	187	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	187	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	188	1	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	188	2	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	188	3	exposed	expose	VERB
spir-11132	188	4	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	188	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	188	6	same	same	ADJ
spir-11132	188	7	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	188	8	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	188	9	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	188	10	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	188	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	188	12	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	188	13	feed	feed	NOUN
spir-11132	188	14	?	?	PUNCT
spir-11132	189	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-11132	189	2	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-11132	189	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	189	4	6(8	6(8	NUM
spir-11132	189	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	189	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	189	7	990–1002	990–1002	NUM
spir-11132	189	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	190	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1510741	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1510741	NOUN
spir-11132	190	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	191	1	buning	bune	VERB
spir-11132	191	2	et	et	NOUN
spir-11132	191	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	192	1	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	192	2	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	192	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	192	4	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-11132	192	5	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-11132	192	6	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11132	192	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	192	8	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	192	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	192	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	193	1	a	a	DET
spir-11132	193	2	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-11132	193	3	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	193	4	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
spir-11132	193	5	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-11132	193	6	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	193	7	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	193	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	193	9	report	report	NOUN
spir-11132	193	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	193	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	193	12	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-11132	193	13	high	high	ADJ
spir-11132	193	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	193	15	level	level	NOUN
spir-11132	193	16	group	group	NOUN
spir-11132	193	17	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	193	18	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-11132	193	19	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	193	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	193	21	online	online	ADJ
spir-11132	193	22	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	193	23	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	193	24	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-11132	193	25	.	.	NOUN
spir-11132	193	26	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	193	27	–	–	PUNCT
spir-11132	193	28	40	40	NUM
spir-11132	193	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	193	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	194	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-11132	194	2	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	194	3	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-11132	194	4	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-11132	194	5	website	website	NOUN
spir-11132	194	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	194	7	https://ec.europa.eu/digital-singlemarket/en/news/final-report-high-level-expert-group-fake-news-and-onlinedisinformation	https://ec.europa.eu/digital-singlemarket/en/news/final-report-high-level-expert-group-fake-news-and-onlinedisinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	194	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	195	1	fusaro	fusaro	NOUN
spir-11132	195	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	195	3	c.	c.	NOUN
spir-11132	195	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	195	5	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	195	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	195	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	196	1	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	196	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	196	3	an	an	DET
spir-11132	196	4	old	old	ADJ
spir-11132	196	5	issue	issue	NOUN
spir-11132	196	6	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	196	7	a	a	DET
spir-11132	196	8	new	new	ADJ
spir-11132	196	9	context	context	NOUN
spir-11132	196	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	197	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	197	2	state	state	NOUN
spir-11132	197	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	197	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	197	5	art	art	NOUN
spir-11132	197	6	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	197	7	italy	italy	PROPN
spir-11132	197	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	198	1	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-11132	198	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	198	3	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	198	4	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	198	5	referenda	referenda	ADV
spir-11132	198	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	198	7	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-11132	198	8	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	198	9	https://www.sipotra.it/old/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/misinformation-an-old-issuein-a-new-context.-the-state-of-the-art-in-italy.pdf	https://www.sipotra.it/old/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/misinformation-an-old-issuein-a-new-context.-the-state-of-the-art-in-italy.pdf	NOUN
spir-11132	198	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	199	1	hallin	hallin	PROPN
spir-11132	199	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	199	3	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-11132	199	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11132	199	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	199	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	199	7	mancini	mancini	PROPN
spir-11132	199	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	199	9	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-11132	199	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	199	11	2004	2004	NUM
spir-11132	199	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	199	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	200	1	comparing	compare	VERB
spir-11132	200	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	200	3	systems	system	NOUN
spir-11132	200	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	200	5	three	three	NUM
spir-11132	200	6	models	model	NOUN
spir-11132	200	7	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	200	8	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	200	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	200	10	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-11132	200	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	201	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
spir-11132	201	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	201	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-11132	201	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	202	1	howard	howard	PROPN
spir-11132	202	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	202	3	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	202	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	203	1	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	203	2	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	203	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	203	4	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-11132	203	5	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-11132	203	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	203	7	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	203	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	203	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	203	10	the	the	DET
spir-11132	203	11	ira	ira	PROPN
spir-11132	203	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	203	13	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	203	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	203	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	203	16	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	203	17	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-11132	203	18	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	203	19	the	the	DET
spir-11132	203	20	united	united	PROPN
spir-11132	203	21	states	states	PROPN
spir-11132	203	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	203	23	2012	2012	NUM
spir-11132	203	24	-	-	SYM
spir-11132	203	25	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	203	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	204	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	204	2	computational	computational	ADJ
spir-11132	204	3	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	204	4	project	project	NOUN
spir-11132	204	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	205	1	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-11132	205	2	from	from	ADP
spir-11132	205	3	https://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/93/2018/12/ira-report.pdf	https://comprop.oii.ox.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/93/2018/12/ira-report.pdf	PROPN
spir-11132	205	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	206	1	kullback	kullback	PROPN
spir-11132	206	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	206	3	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11132	206	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	206	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	206	6	leibler	leibler	PROPN
spir-11132	206	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	206	8	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-11132	206	9	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-11132	206	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	206	11	1951	1951	NUM
spir-11132	206	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	206	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	207	1	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	207	2	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	207	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	207	4	sufficiency	sufficiency	NOUN
spir-11132	207	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	208	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	208	2	annals	annal	NOUN
spir-11132	208	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	208	4	mathematical	mathematical	ADJ
spir-11132	208	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
spir-11132	208	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	208	7	22(1	22(1	NUM
spir-11132	208	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	208	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	208	10	79–86	79–86	NUM
spir-11132	208	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	209	1	https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729694	https://doi.org/10.1214/aoms/1177729694	PROPN
spir-11132	209	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-11132	209	3	4	4	NUM
spir-11132	209	4	explaining	explain	VERB
spir-11132	209	5	dysfunctional	dysfunctional	ADJ
spir-11132	209	6	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	209	7	sharing	share	VERB
spir-11132	209	8	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	209	9	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	209	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	209	11	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	209	12	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	209	13	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	209	14	patrícia	patrícia	PROPN
spir-11132	209	15	rossini	rossini	PROPN
spir-11132	209	16	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	209	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	209	18	liverpool	liverpool	PROPN
spir-11132	209	19	jennifer	jennifer	PROPN
spir-11132	209	20	stromer	stromer	PROPN
spir-11132	209	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	209	22	galley	galley	NOUN
spir-11132	209	23	syracuse	syracuse	PROPN
spir-11132	209	24	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	209	25	erica	erica	PROPN
spir-11132	209	26	anita	anita	PROPN
spir-11132	209	27	baptista	baptista	PROPN
spir-11132	209	28	federal	federal	PROPN
spir-11132	209	29	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	209	30	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	209	31	minas	minas	PROPN
spir-11132	209	32	gerais	gerais	PROPN
spir-11132	209	33	vanessa	vanessa	PROPN
spir-11132	209	34	veiga	veiga	PROPN
spir-11132	210	1	de	de	PROPN
spir-11132	210	2	oliveira	oliveira	PROPN
spir-11132	210	3	federal	federal	PROPN
spir-11132	210	4	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	210	5	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	210	6	minas	minas	PROPN
spir-11132	210	7	gerais	gerais	PROPN
spir-11132	210	8	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-11132	210	9	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	210	10	the	the	DET
spir-11132	210	11	run	run	NOUN
spir-11132	210	12	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	210	13	up	up	NOUN
spir-11132	210	14	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	210	15	the	the	DET
spir-11132	210	16	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	210	17	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
spir-11132	210	18	elections	election	NOUN
spir-11132	210	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	210	20	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	210	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	210	22	misleading	misleading	ADJ
spir-11132	210	23	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	210	24	was	be	AUX
spir-11132	210	25	widely	widely	ADV
spir-11132	210	26	circulated	circulate	VERB
spir-11132	210	27	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	210	28	the	the	DET
spir-11132	210	29	mobile	mobile	ADJ
spir-11132	210	30	instant	instant	NOUN
spir-11132	210	31	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-11132	210	32	service	service	NOUN
spir-11132	210	33	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	210	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	210	35	first	first	ADJ
spir-11132	210	36	draft	draft	NOUN
spir-11132	210	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	210	38	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	210	39	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	210	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	211	1	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-11132	211	2	estimated	estimate	VERB
spir-11132	211	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	211	4	roughly	roughly	ADV
spir-11132	211	5	half	half	NOUN
spir-11132	211	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	211	7	all	all	DET
spir-11132	211	8	images	image	NOUN
spir-11132	211	9	circulating	circulate	VERB
spir-11132	211	10	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	211	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	211	12	service	service	NOUN
spir-11132	211	13	were	be	AUX
spir-11132	211	14	likely	likely	ADV
spir-11132	211	15	altered	alter	VERB
spir-11132	211	16	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11132	211	17	distorted	distort	VERB
spir-11132	211	18	to	to	PART
spir-11132	211	19	convey	convey	VERB
spir-11132	211	20	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	211	21	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	211	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	211	23	tardáguila	tardáguila	NOUN
spir-11132	211	24	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	211	25	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	211	26	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	211	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	211	28	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	211	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	211	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	212	1	another	another	DET
spir-11132	212	2	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	212	3	reported	report	VERB
spir-11132	212	4	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	212	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	212	6	guardian	guardian	NOUN
spir-11132	212	7	sampled	sample	VERB
spir-11132	212	8	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	212	9	messages	message	NOUN
spir-11132	212	10	prior	prior	ADV
spir-11132	212	11	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	212	12	the	the	DET
spir-11132	212	13	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	212	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	212	15	found	find	VERB
spir-11132	212	16	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-11132	212	17	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	212	18	a	a	DET
spir-11132	212	19	politically	politically	ADV
spir-11132	212	20	right	right	ADV
spir-11132	212	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	212	22	leaning	lean	VERB
spir-11132	212	23	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
spir-11132	212	24	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-11132	212	25	to	to	PART
spir-11132	212	26	spread	spread	VERB
spir-11132	212	27	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	212	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	212	29	bolster	bolster	VERB
spir-11132	212	30	jair	jair	ADJ
spir-11132	212	31	bolsonaro	bolsonaro	NOUN
spir-11132	212	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	212	33	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	212	34	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
spir-11132	212	35	won	win	VERB
spir-11132	212	36	the	the	DET
spir-11132	212	37	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	212	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	212	39	avelar	avelar	PROPN
spir-11132	212	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	212	41	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	212	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	212	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	213	1	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-11132	213	2	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-11132	213	3	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	213	4	been	be	AUX
spir-11132	213	5	raised	raise	VERB
spir-11132	213	6	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	213	7	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	213	8	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-11132	213	9	countries	country	NOUN
spir-11132	213	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	213	11	including	include	VERB
spir-11132	213	12	india	india	PROPN
spir-11132	213	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	213	14	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
spir-11132	213	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	213	16	about	about	ADP
spir-11132	213	17	the	the	DET
spir-11132	213	18	use	use	NOUN
spir-11132	213	19	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	213	20	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	213	21	to	to	PART
spir-11132	213	22	spread	spread	VERB
spir-11132	213	23	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	213	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	213	25	misleading	misleading	ADJ
spir-11132	213	26	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	213	27	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	213	28	an	an	DET
spir-11132	213	29	effort	effort	NOUN
spir-11132	213	30	to	to	PART
spir-11132	213	31	affect	affect	VERB
spir-11132	213	32	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	213	33	opinion	opinion	NOUN
spir-11132	213	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	213	35	alter	alter	VERB
spir-11132	213	36	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	213	37	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
spir-11132	213	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	1	mobile	mobile	ADJ
spir-11132	214	2	instant	instant	ADJ
spir-11132	214	3	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-11132	214	4	services	service	NOUN
spir-11132	214	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	6	mims	mims	PROPN
spir-11132	214	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	9	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	214	10	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	214	11	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	214	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	13	snapchat	snapchat	PROPN
spir-11132	214	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	214	15	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	214	16	messenger	messenger	NOUN
spir-11132	214	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	18	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	214	19	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-11132	214	20	being	be	AUX
spir-11132	214	21	used	use	VERB
spir-11132	214	22	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	214	23	more	more	ADJ
spir-11132	214	24	than	than	ADP
spir-11132	214	25	casual	casual	ADJ
spir-11132	214	26	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	214	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	28	gil	gil	PROPN
spir-11132	214	29	de	de	PROPN
spir-11132	214	30	zúñiga	zúñiga	PROPN
spir-11132	214	31	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	214	32	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	214	33	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	214	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	35	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	214	36	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	37	valeriani	valeriani	PROPN
spir-11132	214	38	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	214	39	vaccari	vaccari	NOUN
spir-11132	214	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	41	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	214	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	214	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	215	1	these	these	DET
spir-11132	215	2	private	private	ADJ
spir-11132	215	3	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-11132	215	4	applications	application	NOUN
spir-11132	215	5	became	become	VERB
spir-11132	215	6	important	important	ADJ
spir-11132	215	7	venues	venue	NOUN
spir-11132	215	8	for	for	SCONJ
spir-11132	215	9	people	people	NOUN
spir-11132	215	10	to	to	PART
spir-11132	215	11	talk	talk	VERB
spir-11132	215	12	about	about	ADP
spir-11132	215	13	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	215	14	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-11132	215	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	215	16	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	215	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	215	18	access	access	NOUN
spir-11132	215	19	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	215	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	215	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	215	22	communicate	communicate	VERB
spir-11132	215	23	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	215	24	businesses	business	NOUN
spir-11132	215	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	216	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	216	2	reuters	reuters	PROPN
spir-11132	216	3	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-11132	216	4	news	news	PROPN
spir-11132	216	5	report	report	NOUN
spir-11132	216	6	has	have	AUX
spir-11132	216	7	been	be	AUX
spir-11132	216	8	consistently	consistently	ADV
spir-11132	216	9	capturing	capture	VERB
spir-11132	216	10	this	this	DET
spir-11132	216	11	trend	trend	NOUN
spir-11132	216	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	216	13	while	while	SCONJ
spir-11132	216	14	the	the	DET
spir-11132	216	15	use	use	NOUN
spir-11132	216	16	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	216	17	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	216	18	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	216	19	declining	decline	VERB
spir-11132	216	20	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
spir-11132	216	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	216	22	the	the	DET
spir-11132	216	23	use	use	NOUN
spir-11132	216	24	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	216	25	messaging	message	VERB
spir-11132	216	26	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11132	216	27	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	216	28	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	216	29	the	the	DET
spir-11132	216	30	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-11132	216	31	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	216	32	nielsen	nielsen	PROPN
spir-11132	216	33	et	et	PROPN
spir-11132	216	34	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	216	35	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	216	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	216	37	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	216	38	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	216	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	217	1	yet	yet	ADV
spir-11132	217	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	217	3	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	217	4	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	217	5	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-11132	217	6	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	217	7	largely	largely	ADV
spir-11132	217	8	researched	research	VERB
spir-11132	217	9	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	217	10	networking	network	VERB
spir-11132	217	11	sites	site	NOUN
spir-11132	217	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	217	13	snss	sns	NOUN
spir-11132	217	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	217	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	217	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	217	17	less	less	ADJ
spir-11132	217	18	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-11132	217	19	has	have	AUX
spir-11132	217	20	been	be	AUX
spir-11132	217	21	paid	pay	VERB
spir-11132	217	22	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	217	23	these	these	DET
spir-11132	217	24	burgeoning	burgeon	VERB
spir-11132	217	25	private	private	ADJ
spir-11132	217	26	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-11132	217	27	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11132	217	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	218	1	one	one	NUM
spir-11132	218	2	challenge	challenge	NOUN
spir-11132	218	3	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	218	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	218	5	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	218	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	218	7	private	private	ADJ
spir-11132	218	8	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-11132	218	9	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11132	218	10	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	218	11	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	218	12	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	218	13	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	218	14	end	end	NOUN
spir-11132	218	15	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	218	16	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	218	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	218	18	end	end	NOUN
spir-11132	218	19	encrypted	encrypt	VERB
spir-11132	218	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	218	21	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	218	22	design	design	NOUN
spir-11132	218	23	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	218	24	not	not	PART
spir-11132	218	25	broadly	broadly	ADV
spir-11132	218	26	visible	visible	ADJ
spir-11132	218	27	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	218	28	easy	easy	ADJ
spir-11132	218	29	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	218	30	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	218	31	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-11132	218	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	219	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
spir-11132	219	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	219	3	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11132	219	4	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-11132	219	5	spread	spread	VERB
spir-11132	219	6	globally	globally	ADV
spir-11132	219	7	around	around	ADP
spir-11132	219	8	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	219	9	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	219	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	219	11	the	the	DET
spir-11132	219	12	intentional	intentional	ADJ
spir-11132	219	13	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	219	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	219	15	politically	politically	ADV
spir-11132	219	16	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	219	17	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	219	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	219	19	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-11132	219	20	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	219	21	challenged	challenge	VERB
spir-11132	219	22	to	to	PART
spir-11132	219	23	identify	identify	VERB
spir-11132	219	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	219	25	measure	measure	VERB
spir-11132	219	26	the	the	DET
spir-11132	219	27	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-11132	219	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	219	29	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-11132	219	30	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	219	31	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	219	32	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	219	33	democracies	democracy	NOUN
spir-11132	219	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	219	35	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	219	36	both	both	CCONJ
spir-11132	219	37	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	219	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	219	39	private	private	ADJ
spir-11132	219	40	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	219	41	applications	application	NOUN
spir-11132	219	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	220	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	220	2	light	light	NOUN
spir-11132	220	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	220	4	these	these	DET
spir-11132	220	5	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-11132	220	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	220	7	this	this	DET
spir-11132	220	8	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	220	9	aims	aim	VERB
spir-11132	220	10	to	to	PART
spir-11132	220	11	address	address	VERB
spir-11132	220	12	this	this	DET
spir-11132	220	13	challenge	challenge	NOUN
spir-11132	220	14	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	220	15	examining	examine	VERB
spir-11132	220	16	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	220	17	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	220	18	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	220	19	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	220	20	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	220	21	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	220	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	221	1	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	221	2	compiled	compile	VERB
spir-11132	221	3	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	221	4	"	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	221	5	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	221	6	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	221	7	social”i	social”i	NOUN
spir-11132	221	8	places	place	NOUN
spir-11132	221	9	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	221	10	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	221	11	third	third	ADJ
spir-11132	221	12	place	place	NOUN
spir-11132	221	13	among	among	ADP
spir-11132	221	14	all	all	DET
spir-11132	221	15	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	221	16	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	221	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	221	18	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	221	19	1.5	1.5	NUM
spir-11132	221	20	billion	billion	NUM
spir-11132	221	21	monthly	monthly	ADJ
spir-11132	221	22	active	active	ADJ
spir-11132	221	23	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	221	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	221	25	only	only	ADV
spir-11132	221	26	behind	behind	ADP
spir-11132	221	27	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	221	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	221	29	youtube	youtube	NOUN
spir-11132	221	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	222	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	222	2	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	222	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	222	4	whatsapp	whatsapp	PROPN
spir-11132	222	5	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	222	6	the	the	DET
spir-11132	222	7	second	second	ADJ
spir-11132	222	8	most	most	ADV
spir-11132	222	9	popular	popular	ADJ
spir-11132	222	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	222	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	222	12	application	application	NOUN
spir-11132	222	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	222	14	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	222	15	over	over	ADP
spir-11132	222	16	120	120	NUM
spir-11132	222	17	million	million	NUM
spir-11132	222	18	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	222	19	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	222	20	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	222	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	223	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	223	2	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-11132	223	3	around	around	ADP
spir-11132	223	4	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	223	5	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	223	6	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	223	7	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	223	8	led	lead	VERB
spir-11132	223	9	government	government	NOUN
spir-11132	223	10	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-11132	223	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	223	12	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	223	13	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-11132	223	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	223	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	223	16	ngos	ngo	NOUN
spir-11132	223	17	to	to	PART
spir-11132	223	18	create	create	VERB
spir-11132	223	19	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-11132	223	20	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	223	21	checking	check	VERB
spir-11132	223	22	services	service	NOUN
spir-11132	223	23	to	to	PART
spir-11132	223	24	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
spir-11132	223	25	the	the	DET
spir-11132	223	26	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	223	27	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	223	28	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	223	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	223	30	misleading	misleading	ADJ
spir-11132	223	31	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	223	32	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	223	33	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	223	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	223	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	223	36	the	the	DET
spir-11132	223	37	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	223	38	itself	itself	PRON
spir-11132	223	39	to	to	PART
spir-11132	223	40	fund	fund	VERB
spir-11132	223	41	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	223	42	science	science	NOUN
spir-11132	223	43	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	223	44	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	223	45	this	this	DET
spir-11132	223	46	problem	problem	NOUN
spir-11132	223	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	223	48	including	include	VERB
spir-11132	223	49	this	this	DET
spir-11132	223	50	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	223	51	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	224	1	one	one	NUM
spir-11132	224	2	important	important	ADJ
spir-11132	224	3	dimension	dimension	NOUN
spir-11132	224	4	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	224	5	research	research	NOUN
spir-11132	224	6	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	224	7	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-11132	224	8	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	224	9	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	224	10	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	224	11	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11132	224	12	to	to	PART
spir-11132	224	13	share	share	VERB
spir-11132	224	14	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	224	15	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	224	16	these	these	DET
spir-11132	224	17	private	private	ADJ
spir-11132	224	18	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-11132	224	19	apps	app	NOUN
spir-11132	224	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	225	2	spite	spite	NOUN
spir-11132	225	3	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	225	4	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-11132	225	5	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	225	6	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
spir-11132	225	7	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	225	8	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-11132	225	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	225	10	computational	computational	ADJ
spir-11132	225	11	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	225	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	13	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-11132	225	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	15	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	225	16	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	17	wooley	wooley	PROPN
spir-11132	225	18	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	225	19	howard	howard	PROPN
spir-11132	225	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	21	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	225	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	24	regular	regular	ADJ
spir-11132	225	25	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	225	26	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	225	27	responsible	responsible	ADJ
spir-11132	225	28	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	225	29	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-11132	225	30	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	225	31	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	225	32	their	their	PRON
spir-11132	225	33	own	own	ADJ
spir-11132	225	34	networks	network	NOUN
spir-11132	225	35	—	—	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	36	a	a	DET
spir-11132	225	37	behavior	behavior	NOUN
spir-11132	225	38	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	225	39	chadwick	chadwick	PROPN
spir-11132	225	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	41	vaccari	vaccari	NOUN
spir-11132	225	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	225	43	o’loughlin	o’loughlin	PROPN
spir-11132	225	44	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	45	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	225	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	47	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	225	48	described	describe	VERB
spir-11132	225	49	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	225	50	"	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	51	democratically	democratically	ADV
spir-11132	225	52	dysfunctional	dysfunctional	ADJ
spir-11132	225	53	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	225	54	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	225	55	"	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	225	56	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	226	1	although	although	SCONJ
spir-11132	226	2	motivations	motivation	NOUN
spir-11132	226	3	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	226	4	sharing	share	VERB
spir-11132	226	5	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	226	6	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	226	7	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	226	8	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	226	9	may	may	AUX
spir-11132	226	10	be	be	AUX
spir-11132	226	11	varied	varied	ADJ
spir-11132	226	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	226	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	226	14	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	226	15	can	can	AUX
spir-11132	226	16	not	not	PART
spir-11132	226	17	assume	assume	VERB
spir-11132	226	18	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	226	19	those	those	PRON
spir-11132	226	20	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	226	21	engage	engage	VERB
spir-11132	226	22	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	226	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	226	24	share	share	NOUN
spir-11132	226	25	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	226	26	have	have	VERB
spir-11132	226	27	the	the	DET
spir-11132	226	28	intention	intention	NOUN
spir-11132	226	29	to	to	PART
spir-11132	226	30	trick	trick	VERB
spir-11132	226	31	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11132	226	32	troll	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	226	33	others	other	NOUN
spir-11132	226	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	226	35	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-11132	226	36	the	the	DET
spir-11132	226	37	types	type	NOUN
spir-11132	226	38	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	226	39	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	226	40	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	226	41	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
spir-11132	226	42	associated	associate	VERB
spir-11132	226	43	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	226	44	dysfunctional	dysfunctional	ADJ
spir-11132	226	45	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	226	46	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	226	47	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	226	48	an	an	DET
spir-11132	226	49	important	important	ADJ
spir-11132	226	50	step	step	NOUN
spir-11132	226	51	towards	towards	ADP
spir-11132	226	52	devising	devise	VERB
spir-11132	226	53	strategies	strategy	NOUN
spir-11132	226	54	to	to	PART
spir-11132	226	55	combat	combat	VERB
spir-11132	226	56	the	the	DET
spir-11132	226	57	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	226	58	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	226	59	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	226	60	online	online	ADV
spir-11132	226	61	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	227	1	methods	method	NOUN
spir-11132	227	2	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	227	3	adopt	adopt	VERB
spir-11132	227	4	a	a	DET
spir-11132	227	5	comparative	comparative	ADJ
spir-11132	227	6	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-11132	227	7	to	to	PART
spir-11132	227	8	examine	examine	VERB
spir-11132	227	9	dysfunctional	dysfunctional	ADJ
spir-11132	227	10	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	227	11	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	227	12	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	227	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	227	14	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	227	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	227	16	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11132	227	17	semi	semi	ADJ
spir-11132	227	18	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	227	19	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	227	20	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	227	21	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	227	22	been	be	AUX
spir-11132	227	23	consistently	consistently	ADV
spir-11132	227	24	scrutinized	scrutinize	VERB
spir-11132	227	25	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	227	26	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
spir-11132	227	27	the	the	DET
spir-11132	227	28	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	227	29	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	227	30	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	227	31	because	because	SCONJ
spir-11132	227	32	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	227	33	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
spir-11132	227	34	curation	curation	NOUN
spir-11132	227	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	227	36	an	an	DET
spir-11132	227	37	engagement	engagement	NOUN
spir-11132	227	38	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	227	39	driven	drive	VERB
spir-11132	227	40	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	227	41	feed	feed	NOUN
spir-11132	227	42	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	227	43	guess	guess	VERB
spir-11132	227	44	et	et	NOUN
spir-11132	227	45	al	al	PROPN
spir-11132	227	46	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	227	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	227	48	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	227	49	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	227	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	228	1	considering	consider	VERB
spir-11132	228	2	the	the	DET
spir-11132	228	3	different	different	ADJ
spir-11132	228	4	affordances	affordance	NOUN
spir-11132	228	5	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	228	6	these	these	DET
spir-11132	228	7	two	two	NUM
spir-11132	228	8	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	228	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	228	10	comparing	compare	VERB
spir-11132	228	11	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	228	12	sharing	share	VERB
spir-11132	228	13	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
spir-11132	228	14	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	228	15	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	228	16	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	228	17	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	228	18	may	may	AUX
spir-11132	228	19	help	help	VERB
spir-11132	228	20	understand	understand	VERB
spir-11132	228	21	the	the	DET
spir-11132	228	22	differences	difference	NOUN
spir-11132	228	23	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	228	24	private	private	ADJ
spir-11132	228	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	228	26	semi	semi	ADJ
spir-11132	228	27	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	228	28	public	public	ADJ
spir-11132	228	29	venues	venue	NOUN
spir-11132	228	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	229	1	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	229	2	this	this	DET
spir-11132	229	3	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	229	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	229	5	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	229	6	present	present	VERB
spir-11132	229	7	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-11132	229	8	data	datum	NOUN
spir-11132	229	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	229	10	a	a	DET
spir-11132	229	11	representative	representative	ADJ
spir-11132	229	12	sample	sample	NOUN
spir-11132	229	13	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	229	14	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-11132	229	15	users	user	NOUN
spir-11132	229	16	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	229	17	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	229	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	229	19	n	n	NOUN
spir-11132	229	20	=	=	SYM
spir-11132	229	21	1,615	1,615	NUM
spir-11132	229	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	229	23	to	to	PART
spir-11132	229	24	examine	examine	VERB
spir-11132	229	25	dysfunctional	dysfunctional	ADJ
spir-11132	229	26	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	229	27	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	229	28	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	229	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	229	30	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	229	31	by	by	ADP
spir-11132	229	32	examining	examine	VERB
spir-11132	229	33	both	both	PRON
spir-11132	229	34	accidental	accidental	ADJ
spir-11132	229	35	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	229	36	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	229	37	as	as	ADV
spir-11132	229	38	well	well	ADV
spir-11132	229	39	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	229	40	intentional	intentional	ADJ
spir-11132	229	41	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	229	42	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	229	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	229	44	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	229	45	which	which	PRON
spir-11132	229	46	people	people	NOUN
spir-11132	229	47	recognize	recognize	VERB
spir-11132	229	48	the	the	DET
spir-11132	229	49	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	229	50	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	229	51	incorrect	incorrect	ADJ
spir-11132	229	52	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	229	53	choose	choose	VERB
spir-11132	229	54	to	to	PART
spir-11132	229	55	share	share	VERB
spir-11132	229	56	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	229	57	anywayii	anywayii	NOUN
spir-11132	229	58	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
spir-11132	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	3	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	230	4	investigate	investigate	VERB
spir-11132	230	5	the	the	DET
spir-11132	230	6	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-11132	230	7	between	between	ADP
spir-11132	230	8	dysfunctional	dysfunctional	ADJ
spir-11132	230	9	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	230	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	230	11	1	1	NUM
spir-11132	230	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	13	frequency	frequency	NOUN
spir-11132	230	14	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	230	15	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	230	16	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-11132	230	17	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	18	2	2	X
spir-11132	230	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	20	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-11132	230	21	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	230	22	cutting	cutting	ADJ
spir-11132	230	23	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-11132	230	24	;	;	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	25	3	3	X
spir-11132	230	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	27	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	230	28	corrections	correction	NOUN
spir-11132	230	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	30	experiencing	experience	VERB
spir-11132	230	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	32	witnessing	witness	VERB
spir-11132	230	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	230	34	performing	performing	NOUN
spir-11132	230	35	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	230	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	231	1	results	result	VERB
spir-11132	231	2	our	our	PRON
spir-11132	231	3	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-11132	231	4	provide	provide	VERB
spir-11132	231	5	further	further	ADJ
spir-11132	231	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-11132	231	7	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	231	8	a	a	DET
spir-11132	231	9	participation	participation	NOUN
spir-11132	231	10	vs.	vs.	ADP
spir-11132	231	11	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	231	12	paradox	paradox	NOUN
spir-11132	231	13	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	231	14	those	those	PRON
spir-11132	231	15	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	231	16	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	231	17	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	231	18	engaged	engaged	ADJ
spir-11132	231	19	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	231	20	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	231	21	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-11132	231	22	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	231	23	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-11132	231	24	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	231	25	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11132	231	26	to	to	PART
spir-11132	231	27	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	231	28	shared	share	VERB
spir-11132	231	29	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	231	30	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	231	31	the	the	DET
spir-11132	231	32	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-11132	231	33	they	they	PRON
spir-11132	231	34	use	use	VERB
spir-11132	231	35	to	to	PART
spir-11132	231	36	discuss	discuss	VERB
spir-11132	231	37	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-11132	231	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	231	39	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	231	40	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	231	41	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-11132	231	42	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	231	43	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11132	231	44	to	to	PART
spir-11132	231	45	disinform	disinform	VERB
spir-11132	231	46	—	—	PUNCT
spir-11132	231	47	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	231	48	the	the	DET
spir-11132	231	49	latter	latter	ADJ
spir-11132	231	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	231	51	the	the	DET
spir-11132	231	52	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-11132	231	53	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	231	54	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-11132	231	55	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	231	56	platform	platform	ADJ
spir-11132	231	57	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	231	58	as	as	SCONJ
spir-11132	231	59	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	231	60	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-11132	231	61	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	231	62	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	231	63	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	231	64	associated	associate	VERB
spir-11132	231	65	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	231	66	intentional	intentional	ADJ
spir-11132	231	67	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	231	68	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	231	69	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	231	70	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	231	71	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	231	72	viceversa	viceversa	PROPN
spir-11132	231	73	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	232	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	232	2	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	232	3	find	find	VERB
spir-11132	232	4	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	232	5	instead	instead	ADV
spir-11132	232	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	232	7	tempering	temper	VERB
spir-11132	232	8	the	the	DET
spir-11132	232	9	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-11132	232	10	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	232	11	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	232	12	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	232	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	232	14	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-11132	232	15	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	232	16	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-11132	232	17	-	-	ADJ
spir-11132	232	18	cutting	cut	VERB
spir-11132	232	19	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	232	20	views	view	NOUN
spir-11132	232	21	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	232	22	positively	positively	ADV
spir-11132	232	23	associated	associate	VERB
spir-11132	232	24	with	with	ADP
spir-11132	232	25	both	both	DET
spir-11132	232	26	types	type	NOUN
spir-11132	232	27	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	232	28	dysfunctional	dysfunctional	ADJ
spir-11132	232	29	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	232	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	233	1	those	those	PRON
spir-11132	233	2	who	who	PRON
spir-11132	233	3	share	share	VERB
spir-11132	233	4	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	233	5	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	233	6	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	233	7	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11132	233	8	to	to	PART
spir-11132	233	9	experience	experience	VERB
spir-11132	233	10	a	a	DET
spir-11132	233	11	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	233	12	correction	correction	NOUN
spir-11132	233	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	233	14	to	to	PART
spir-11132	233	15	witness	witness	VERB
spir-11132	233	16	other	other	ADJ
spir-11132	233	17	being	be	AUX
spir-11132	233	18	corrected	correct	VERB
spir-11132	233	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	233	20	suggesting	suggest	VERB
spir-11132	233	21	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	233	22	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	233	23	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	233	24	does	do	AUX
spir-11132	233	25	not	not	PART
spir-11132	233	26	go	go	VERB
spir-11132	233	27	unnoticed	unnoticed	ADJ
spir-11132	233	28	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	233	29	peoples	people	NOUN
spir-11132	233	30	'	'	PART
spir-11132	233	31	networks	network	NOUN
spir-11132	233	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	234	1	finally	finally	ADV
spir-11132	234	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	234	3	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	234	4	find	find	VERB
spir-11132	234	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	234	6	people	people	NOUN
spir-11132	234	7	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	234	8	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-11132	234	9	more	more	ADV
spir-11132	234	10	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-11132	234	11	to	to	PART
spir-11132	234	12	experience	experience	VERB
spir-11132	234	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	234	14	perform	perform	VERB
spir-11132	234	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	234	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	234	17	witness	witness	VERB
spir-11132	234	18	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	234	19	correction	correction	NOUN
spir-11132	234	20	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	234	21	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	234	22	than	than	ADP
spir-11132	234	23	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	234	24	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-11132	234	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	234	26	suggesting	suggest	VERB
spir-11132	234	27	that	that	SCONJ
spir-11132	234	28	the	the	DET
spir-11132	234	29	closer	close	ADJ
spir-11132	234	30	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	234	31	ties	tie	NOUN
spir-11132	234	32	maintained	maintain	VERB
spir-11132	234	33	through	through	ADP
spir-11132	234	34	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	234	35	might	might	AUX
spir-11132	234	36	provide	provide	VERB
spir-11132	234	37	a	a	DET
spir-11132	234	38	sense	sense	NOUN
spir-11132	234	39	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	234	40	safety	safety	NOUN
spir-11132	234	41	that	that	PRON
spir-11132	234	42	supports	support	VERB
spir-11132	234	43	these	these	DET
spir-11132	234	44	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
spir-11132	234	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	235	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-11132	235	2	avelar	avelar	PROPN
spir-11132	235	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	235	4	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-11132	235	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	235	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	235	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	235	8	october	october	PROPN
spir-11132	235	9	30	30	NUM
spir-11132	235	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	235	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	236	1	whatsapp	whatsapp	PROPN
spir-11132	236	2	fake	fake	PROPN
spir-11132	236	3	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	236	4	during	during	ADP
spir-11132	236	5	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	236	6	election	election	NOUN
spir-11132	236	7	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	236	8	favoured	favour	VERB
spir-11132	236	9	bolsonaro	bolsonaro	NOUN
spir-11132	236	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	236	11	’	'	PUNCT
spir-11132	237	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	237	2	guardian	guardian	PROPN
spir-11132	237	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	238	1	https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/30/whatsapp-fake-news-brazilelection-favoured-jair-bolsonaro-analysis-suggests	https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/30/whatsapp-fake-news-brazilelection-favoured-jair-bolsonaro-analysis-suggest	VERB
spir-11132	238	2	first	first	ADJ
spir-11132	238	3	draft	draft	NOUN
spir-11132	238	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	239	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	239	2	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	239	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	239	4	june	june	PROPN
spir-11132	239	5	27	27	NUM
spir-11132	239	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	239	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	240	1	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	240	2	100,000	100,000	NUM
spir-11132	240	3	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	240	4	messages	message	NOUN
spir-11132	240	5	reveal	reveal	VERB
spir-11132	240	6	about	about	ADP
spir-11132	240	7	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	240	8	in	in	ADP
spir-11132	240	9	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-11132	240	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	241	1	first	first	ADJ
spir-11132	241	2	draft	draft	NOUN
spir-11132	241	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	1	https://firstdraftnews.org:443/latest/what100000-whatsapp-messages-reveal-about-misinformation-in-brazil/	https://firstdraftnews.org:443/latest/what100000-whatsapp-messages-reveal-about-misinformation-in-brazil/	PROPN
spir-11132	242	2	gil	gil	PROPN
spir-11132	242	3	de	de	PROPN
spir-11132	242	4	zúñiga	zúñiga	PROPN
spir-11132	242	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	6	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-11132	242	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	8	ardèvol	ardèvol	PROPN
spir-11132	242	9	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	10	abreu	abreu	PROPN
spir-11132	242	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	12	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-11132	242	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	14	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	242	15	casero	casero	NOUN
spir-11132	242	16	-	-	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	17	ripollés	ripollés	NOUN
spir-11132	242	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	19	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-11132	242	20	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	21	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	242	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	242	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	243	1	whatsapp	whatsapp	ADJ
spir-11132	243	2	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	243	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-11132	243	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	243	5	conventional	conventional	ADJ
spir-11132	243	6	participation	participation	NOUN
spir-11132	243	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	243	8	activism	activism	NOUN
spir-11132	243	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	243	10	exploring	explore	VERB
spir-11132	243	11	direct	direct	ADJ
spir-11132	243	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	243	13	indirect	indirect	ADJ
spir-11132	243	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	243	15	generational	generational	ADJ
spir-11132	243	16	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-11132	243	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	244	1	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	244	3	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	244	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	244	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-11132	244	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	244	7	0(0	0(0	NUM
spir-11132	244	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	244	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	244	10	1–18	1–18	NUM
spir-11132	244	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	245	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1642933	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1642933	PROPN
spir-11132	245	2	guess	guess	PROPN
spir-11132	245	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	245	4	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-11132	245	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	245	6	nagler	nagler	NOUN
spir-11132	245	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	245	8	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11132	245	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	245	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	245	11	tucker	tucker	PROPN
spir-11132	245	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	245	13	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-11132	245	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	245	15	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	245	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	245	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	246	1	less	less	ADJ
spir-11132	246	2	than	than	SCONJ
spir-11132	246	3	you	you	PRON
spir-11132	246	4	think	think	VERB
spir-11132	246	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	246	6	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-11132	246	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	246	8	predictors	predictor	NOUN
spir-11132	246	9	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	246	10	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-11132	246	11	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	246	12	dissemination	dissemination	NOUN
spir-11132	246	13	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	246	14	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-11132	246	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	247	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-11132	247	2	advances	advance	NOUN
spir-11132	247	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	247	4	5(1	5(1	NUM
spir-11132	247	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	247	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	247	7	eaau4586	eaau4586	PROPN
spir-11132	247	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	248	1	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4586	https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau4586	PROPN
spir-11132	248	2	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-11132	248	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	248	4	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	248	5	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-11132	248	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	248	7	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	248	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	248	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	249	1	cyberwar	cyberwar	NOUN
spir-11132	249	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	249	3	how	how	SCONJ
spir-11132	249	4	russian	russian	ADJ
spir-11132	249	5	hackers	hacker	NOUN
spir-11132	249	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	249	7	trolls	troll	NOUN
spir-11132	249	8	helped	help	VERB
spir-11132	249	9	elect	elect	VERB
spir-11132	249	10	a	a	DET
spir-11132	249	11	president	president	NOUN
spir-11132	249	12	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	249	13	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	249	14	do	do	VERB
spir-11132	249	15	n’t	not	PART
spir-11132	249	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	249	17	ca	can	AUX
spir-11132	249	18	n’t	not	PART
spir-11132	249	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	249	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	249	21	do	do	AUX
spir-11132	249	22	know	know	VERB
spir-11132	249	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	250	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	250	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	250	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-11132	250	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	1	nielsen	nielsen	PROPN
spir-11132	251	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	3	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-11132	251	4	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-11132	251	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	6	newman	newman	PROPN
spir-11132	251	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	8	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-11132	251	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	10	fletcher	fletcher	PROPN
spir-11132	251	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	12	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-11132	251	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	14	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	251	15	kalogeropoulos	kalogeropoulos	PROPN
spir-11132	251	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	17	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-11132	251	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	19	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	251	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	251	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	252	1	reuters	reuters	PROPN
spir-11132	252	2	institute	institute	VERB
spir-11132	252	3	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-11132	252	4	news	news	PROPN
spir-11132	252	5	report	report	NOUN
spir-11132	252	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	252	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	253	1	reuters	reuters	PROPN
spir-11132	253	2	institute	institute	PROPN
spir-11132	253	3	for	for	ADP
spir-11132	253	4	the	the	DET
spir-11132	253	5	study	study	NOUN
spir-11132	253	6	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	253	7	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-11132	253	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	1	http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2019	http://www.digitalnewsreport.org/survey/2019	PROPN
spir-11132	254	2	tardáguila	tardáguila	PROPN
spir-11132	254	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11132	254	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	6	benevenuto	benevenuto	PROPN
spir-11132	254	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	8	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-11132	254	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	254	11	ortellado	ortellado	PROPN
spir-11132	254	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	13	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-11132	254	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	15	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	254	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	17	october	october	PROPN
spir-11132	254	18	17	17	NUM
spir-11132	254	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	254	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	255	1	opinion	opinion	NOUN
spir-11132	255	2	|	|	ADV
spir-11132	255	3	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-11132	255	4	news	news	NOUN
spir-11132	255	5	is	be	AUX
spir-11132	255	6	poisoning	poison	VERB
spir-11132	255	7	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
spir-11132	255	8	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-11132	255	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	256	1	whatsapp	whatsapp	NOUN
spir-11132	256	2	can	can	AUX
spir-11132	256	3	stop	stop	VERB
spir-11132	256	4	it	it	PRON
spir-11132	256	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	257	1	the	the	DET
spir-11132	257	2	new	new	PROPN
spir-11132	257	3	york	york	PROPN
spir-11132	257	4	times	times	PROPN
spir-11132	257	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	258	1	https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/opinion/brazil-election-fake-newswhatsapp.html	https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/17/opinion/brazil-election-fake-newswhatsapp.html	PROPN
spir-11132	258	2	valeriani	valeriani	PROPN
spir-11132	258	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	258	4	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-11132	258	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	258	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	258	7	vaccari	vaccari	NOUN
spir-11132	258	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	258	9	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-11132	258	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	258	11	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	258	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	258	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	259	1	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	259	2	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-11132	259	3	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	259	4	mobile	mobile	ADJ
spir-11132	259	5	instant	instant	ADJ
spir-11132	259	6	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-11132	259	7	services	service	NOUN
spir-11132	259	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	259	9	a	a	DET
spir-11132	259	10	comparative	comparative	ADJ
spir-11132	259	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-11132	259	12	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	259	13	germany	germany	PROPN
spir-11132	259	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	259	15	italy	italy	PROPN
spir-11132	259	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	259	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	259	18	the	the	DET
spir-11132	259	19	uk	uk	PROPN
spir-11132	259	20	.	.	PROPN
spir-11132	259	21	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	259	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	259	23	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-11132	259	24	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	259	25	society	society	NOUN
spir-11132	259	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	259	27	0(0	0(0	NUM
spir-11132	259	28	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	259	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	259	30	1–17	1–17	PROPN
spir-11132	259	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	260	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2017.1350730	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2017.1350730	PROPN
spir-11132	260	2	wooley	wooley	PROPN
spir-11132	260	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	260	4	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-11132	260	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	260	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-11132	260	7	howard	howard	PROPN
spir-11132	260	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	260	9	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-11132	260	10	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-11132	260	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	260	12	eds	ed	NOUN
spir-11132	260	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	260	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	260	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	261	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	261	2	2018	2018	NUM
spir-11132	261	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	261	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	262	1	computational	computational	ADJ
spir-11132	262	2	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-11132	262	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	262	4	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	262	5	parties	party	NOUN
spir-11132	262	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	262	7	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-11132	262	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	262	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	262	10	political	political	ADJ
spir-11132	262	11	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
spir-11132	262	12	on	on	ADP
spir-11132	262	13	social	social	ADJ
spir-11132	262	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-11132	262	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	263	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-11132	263	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-11132	263	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-11132	263	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	264	1	notes	note	NOUN
spir-11132	264	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	265	1	i	i	PRON
spir-11132	265	2	https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2019	https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2019	NUM
spir-11132	265	3	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	265	4	last	last	ADJ
spir-11132	265	5	access	access	NOUN
spir-11132	265	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-11132	265	7	august	august	PROPN
spir-11132	265	8	20	20	NUM
spir-11132	265	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	265	10	2019	2019	NUM
spir-11132	265	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	265	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	266	1	ii	ii	PROPN
spir-11132	266	2	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-11132	266	3	such	such	ADJ
spir-11132	266	4	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	266	5	jack	jack	PROPN
spir-11132	266	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-11132	266	7	2017	2017	NUM
spir-11132	266	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-11132	266	9	have	have	AUX
spir-11132	266	10	defined	define	VERB
spir-11132	266	11	purposeful	purposeful	ADJ
spir-11132	266	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	266	13	coordinated	coordinated	ADJ
spir-11132	266	14	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-11132	266	15	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	266	16	sharing	share	VERB
spir-11132	266	17	false	false	ADJ
spir-11132	266	18	or	or	CCONJ
spir-11132	266	19	misleading	misleading	ADJ
spir-11132	266	20	information	information	NOUN
spir-11132	266	21	as	as	ADP
spir-11132	266	22	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	266	23	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	266	24	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	266	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-11132	267	1	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	267	2	do	do	AUX
spir-11132	267	3	not	not	PART
spir-11132	267	4	adopt	adopt	VERB
spir-11132	267	5	this	this	DET
spir-11132	267	6	term	term	NOUN
spir-11132	267	7	to	to	PART
spir-11132	267	8	refer	refer	VERB
spir-11132	267	9	to	to	ADP
spir-11132	267	10	what	what	PRON
spir-11132	267	11	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	267	12	call	call	VERB
spir-11132	267	13	“	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	267	14	intentional	intentional	ADJ
spir-11132	267	15	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	267	16	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	267	17	”	"	PUNCT
spir-11132	267	18	because	because	SCONJ
spir-11132	267	19	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	267	20	are	be	AUX
spir-11132	267	21	not	not	PART
spir-11132	267	22	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
spir-11132	267	23	studying	study	VERB
spir-11132	267	24	coordinated	coordinate	VERB
spir-11132	267	25	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-11132	267	26	of	of	ADP
spir-11132	267	27	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-11132	267	28	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	267	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-11132	267	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-11132	267	31	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	267	32	also	also	ADV
spir-11132	267	33	do	do	AUX
spir-11132	267	34	not	not	PART
spir-11132	267	35	know	know	VERB
spir-11132	267	36	the	the	DET
spir-11132	267	37	motives	motive	NOUN
spir-11132	267	38	behind	behind	ADP
spir-11132	267	39	the	the	DET
spir-11132	267	40	intentional	intentional	ADJ
spir-11132	267	41	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-11132	267	42	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
spir-11132	267	43	we	we	PRON
spir-11132	267	44	investigate	investigate	VERB
spir-11132	267	45	.	.	PUNCT