id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-12057	1	1	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
spir-12057	1	2	word	word	NOUN
spir-12057	1	3	todd	todd	NOUN
spir-12057	1	4	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	5	leaving	leave	VERB
spir-12057	1	6	home	home	NOUN
spir-12057	1	7	to	to	PART
spir-12057	1	8	come	come	VERB
spir-12057	1	9	home	home	NOUN
spir-12057	1	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	11	leaving	leave	VERB
spir-12057	1	12	home	home	NOUN
spir-12057	1	13	to	to	PART
spir-12057	1	14	come	come	VERB
spir-12057	1	15	home.docx	home.docx	ADV
spir-12057	1	16	selected	select	VERB
spir-12057	1	17	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-12057	1	18	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	1	19	#	#	SYM
spir-12057	1	20	aoir2021	aoir2021	NOUN
spir-12057	1	21	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	22	the	the	DET
spir-12057	1	23	22nd	22nd	ADJ
spir-12057	1	24	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-12057	1	25	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-12057	1	26	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	1	27	the	the	DET
spir-12057	1	28	association	association	NOUN
spir-12057	1	29	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	1	30	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	1	31	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-12057	1	32	virtual	virtual	ADJ
spir-12057	1	33	event	event	NOUN
spir-12057	1	34	/	/	SYM
spir-12057	1	35	13	13	NUM
spir-12057	1	36	-	-	SYM
spir-12057	1	37	16	16	NUM
spir-12057	1	38	oct	oct	PROPN
spir-12057	1	39	2021	2021	NUM
spir-12057	1	40	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-12057	1	41	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-12057	1	42	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	43	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-12057	1	44	):	):	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	45	todd	todd	NOUN
spir-12057	1	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	47	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-12057	1	48	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	49	october	october	PROPN
spir-12057	1	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	51	2021	2021	NUM
spir-12057	1	52	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	1	53	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	2	1	just	just	ADV
spir-12057	2	2	the	the	DET
spir-12057	2	3	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	2	4	fit	fit	ADJ
spir-12057	2	5	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	2	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	2	7	delete	delete	ADJ
spir-12057	2	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	2	9	print	print	NOUN
spir-12057	2	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	2	11	believe	believe	VERB
spir-12057	2	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	2	13	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	2	14	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
spir-12057	2	15	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	2	16	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	2	17	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	2	18	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	2	19	by	by	ADP
spir-12057	2	20	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	2	21	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	2	22	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	2	23	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-12057	2	24	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	2	25	the	the	DET
spir-12057	2	26	era	era	NOUN
spir-12057	2	27	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	2	28	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-12057	2	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	3	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-12057	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-12057	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-12057	3	4	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-12057	3	5	2021	2021	NUM
spir-12057	3	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	3	7	the	the	DET
spir-12057	3	8	22nd	22nd	ADJ
spir-12057	3	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-12057	3	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-12057	3	11	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	3	12	the	the	DET
spir-12057	3	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-12057	3	14	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	3	15	international	international	ADJ
spir-12057	3	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-12057	3	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	4	1	virtual	virtual	ADJ
spir-12057	4	2	event	event	NOUN
spir-12057	4	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	4	4	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-12057	4	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	4	6	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-12057	4	7	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	4	8	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-12057	4	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	1	just	just	ADV
spir-12057	5	2	the	the	DET
spir-12057	5	3	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	5	4	fit	fit	ADJ
spir-12057	5	5	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	5	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	7	delete	delete	ADJ
spir-12057	5	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	9	print	print	NOUN
spir-12057	5	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	11	believe	believe	VERB
spir-12057	5	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	13	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	5	14	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
spir-12057	5	15	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	5	16	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	17	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	5	18	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	19	by	by	ADP
spir-12057	5	20	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	5	21	factcheckers	factchecker	NOUN
spir-12057	5	22	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	5	23	the	the	DET
spir-12057	5	24	era	era	NOUN
spir-12057	5	25	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	5	26	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-12057	5	27	paula	paula	PROPN
spir-12057	5	28	todd	todd	PROPN
spir-12057	5	29	york	york	PROPN
spir-12057	5	30	university	university	PROPN
spir-12057	5	31	this	this	DET
spir-12057	5	32	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-12057	5	33	introduces	introduce	VERB
spir-12057	5	34	the	the	DET
spir-12057	5	35	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
spir-12057	5	36	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-12057	5	37	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	5	38	post	post	ADJ
spir-12057	5	39	-	-	ADJ
spir-12057	5	40	publication	publication	ADJ
spir-12057	5	41	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	5	42	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	43	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	5	44	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	45	as	as	ADP
spir-12057	5	46	the	the	DET
spir-12057	5	47	next	next	ADJ
spir-12057	5	48	evolutionary	evolutionary	ADJ
spir-12057	5	49	step	step	NOUN
spir-12057	5	50	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	5	51	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-12057	5	52	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
spir-12057	5	53	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	54	lewin	lewin	PROPN
spir-12057	5	55	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	56	1943	1943	NUM
spir-12057	5	57	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	58	1947	1947	NUM
spir-12057	5	59	;	;	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	60	white	white	ADJ
spir-12057	5	61	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	62	1950	1950	NUM
spir-12057	5	63	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	64	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	5	65	gate	gate	NOUN
spir-12057	5	66	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	67	watching	watch	VERB
spir-12057	5	68	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	69	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-12057	5	70	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	71	2003	2003	NUM
spir-12057	5	72	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	73	within	within	ADP
spir-12057	5	74	a	a	DET
spir-12057	5	75	chaotic	chaotic	ADJ
spir-12057	5	76	marketplace	marketplace	NOUN
spir-12057	5	77	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	5	78	misinformation[1	misinformation[1	PROPN
spir-12057	5	79	]	]	X
spir-12057	5	80	where	where	SCONJ
spir-12057	5	81	alternate	alternate	NOUN
spir-12057	5	82	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	5	83	reality	reality	NOUN
spir-12057	5	84	expressants[2	expressants[2	NOUN
spir-12057	5	85	]	]	X
spir-12057	5	86	battle	battle	NOUN
spir-12057	5	87	against	against	ADP
spir-12057	5	88	an	an	DET
spir-12057	5	89	evidencebased	evidencebase	VERB
spir-12057	5	90	factual	factual	ADJ
spir-12057	5	91	public	public	ADJ
spir-12057	5	92	record	record	NOUN
spir-12057	5	93	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	6	1	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	6	2	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	6	3	the	the	DET
spir-12057	6	4	modern	modern	ADJ
spir-12057	6	5	process	process	NOUN
spir-12057	6	6	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	6	7	culling	culling	NOUN
spir-12057	6	8	but	but	CCONJ
spir-12057	6	9	not	not	PART
spir-12057	6	10	crafting	craft	VERB
spir-12057	6	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	6	12	shoemaker	shoemaker	NOUN
spir-12057	6	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	6	14	vos	vos	NOUN
spir-12057	6	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	6	16	2009	2009	NUM
spir-12057	6	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	6	18	accurate	accurate	ADJ
spir-12057	6	19	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	6	20	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	6	21	the	the	DET
spir-12057	6	22	infinite	infinite	ADJ
spir-12057	6	23	online	online	ADJ
spir-12057	6	24	supply	supply	NOUN
spir-12057	6	25	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	6	26	falsehoods	falsehood	NOUN
spir-12057	6	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	6	28	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN
spir-12057	6	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	6	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	6	31	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
spir-12057	6	32	across	across	ADP
spir-12057	6	33	all	all	DET
spir-12057	6	34	genres	genre	NOUN
spir-12057	6	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	6	36	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-12057	6	37	characterizing	characterize	VERB
spir-12057	6	38	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	6	39	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-12057	6	40	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	6	41	the	the	DET
spir-12057	6	42	late	late	ADJ
spir-12057	6	43	20th	20th	NOUN
spir-12057	6	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	6	45	early	early	ADJ
spir-12057	6	46	21st	21st	ADJ
spir-12057	6	47	centuries	century	NOUN
spir-12057	6	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	7	1	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	7	2	part	part	NOUN
spir-12057	7	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	7	4	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	7	5	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	7	6	reverse	reverse	ADJ
spir-12057	7	7	engineering	engineering	NOUN
spir-12057	7	8	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	7	9	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	7	10	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
spir-12057	7	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	7	12	occurring	occur	VERB
spir-12057	7	13	after	after	ADP
spir-12057	7	14	content	content	NOUN
spir-12057	7	15	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-12057	7	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	7	17	rather	rather	ADV
spir-12057	7	18	than	than	ADP
spir-12057	7	19	during	during	ADP
spir-12057	7	20	the	the	DET
spir-12057	7	21	selection	selection	NOUN
spir-12057	7	22	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	7	23	constituent	constituent	ADJ
spir-12057	7	24	parts	part	NOUN
spir-12057	7	25	at	at	ADP
spir-12057	7	26	the	the	DET
spir-12057	7	27	beginning	beginning	NOUN
spir-12057	7	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	8	1	the	the	DET
spir-12057	8	2	act	act	NOUN
spir-12057	8	3	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	8	4	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	8	5	—	—	PUNCT
spir-12057	8	6	testing	testing	NOUN
spir-12057	8	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	8	8	sequestering	sequester	VERB
spir-12057	8	9	accurate	accurate	ADJ
spir-12057	8	10	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	8	11	into	into	ADP
spir-12057	8	12	safe	safe	ADJ
spir-12057	8	13	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	8	14	zones	zone	NOUN
spir-12057	8	15	—	—	PUNCT
spir-12057	8	16	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	8	17	also	also	ADV
spir-12057	8	18	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	8	19	critique	critique	NOUN
spir-12057	8	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	8	21	exposing	expose	VERB
spir-12057	8	22	pronounced	pronounce	VERB
spir-12057	8	23	subjective	subjective	ADJ
spir-12057	8	24	weaknesses	weakness	NOUN
spir-12057	8	25	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	8	26	the	the	DET
spir-12057	8	27	original	original	ADJ
spir-12057	8	28	gate	gate	NOUN
spir-12057	8	29	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	8	30	keeping	keep	VERB
spir-12057	8	31	process	process	NOUN
spir-12057	8	32	by	by	ADP
spir-12057	8	33	imposing	impose	VERB
spir-12057	8	34	formulaic	formulaic	ADJ
spir-12057	8	35	protocols	protocol	NOUN
spir-12057	8	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	8	37	more	more	ADV
spir-12057	8	38	transparent	transparent	ADJ
spir-12057	8	39	methods	method	NOUN
spir-12057	8	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-12057	9	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-12057	9	3	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	9	4	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-12057	9	5	already	already	ADV
spir-12057	9	6	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	9	7	the	the	DET
spir-12057	9	8	public	public	ADJ
spir-12057	9	9	domain	domain	NOUN
spir-12057	9	10	occurs	occur	VERB
spir-12057	9	11	across	across	ADP
spir-12057	9	12	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
spir-12057	9	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	14	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	9	15	law	law	NOUN
spir-12057	9	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	17	education	education	NOUN
spir-12057	9	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	19	history	history	NOUN
spir-12057	9	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	21	science	science	NOUN
spir-12057	9	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	9	23	more	more	ADJ
spir-12057	9	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	25	it	it	PRON
spir-12057	9	26	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	9	27	modern	modern	ADJ
spir-12057	9	28	post	post	ADJ
spir-12057	9	29	-	-	ADJ
spir-12057	9	30	publication	publication	ADJ
spir-12057	9	31	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	9	32	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	33	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-12057	9	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	35	positioned	position	VERB
spir-12057	9	36	both	both	CCONJ
spir-12057	9	37	within	within	ADP
spir-12057	9	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	9	39	external	external	ADJ
spir-12057	9	40	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	9	41	the	the	DET
spir-12057	9	42	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	9	43	field	field	NOUN
spir-12057	9	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	9	45	who	who	PRON
spir-12057	9	46	are	be	AUX
spir-12057	9	47	emerging	emerge	VERB
spir-12057	9	48	with	with	ADP
spir-12057	9	49	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
spir-12057	9	50	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
spir-12057	9	51	to	to	PART
spir-12057	9	52	help	help	VERB
spir-12057	9	53	corral	corral	ADJ
spir-12057	9	54	truth	truth	NOUN
spir-12057	9	55	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	9	56	the	the	DET
spir-12057	9	57	morass	morass	NOUN
spir-12057	9	58	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	9	59	online	online	ADJ
spir-12057	9	60	fabrications	fabrication	NOUN
spir-12057	9	61	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	10	1	this	this	PRON
spir-12057	10	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	10	3	despite	despite	SCONJ
spir-12057	10	4	early	early	ADJ
spir-12057	10	5	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
spir-12057	10	6	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-12057	10	7	that	that	PRON
spir-12057	10	8	repetition	repetition	NOUN
spir-12057	10	9	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	10	10	false	false	ADJ
spir-12057	10	11	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	10	12	further	far	ADV
spir-12057	10	13	embeds	embed	VERB
spir-12057	10	14	it	it	PRON
spir-12057	10	15	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	10	16	the	the	DET
spir-12057	10	17	human	human	ADJ
spir-12057	10	18	psyche	psyche	NOUN
spir-12057	10	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	11	1	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
spir-12057	11	2	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	11	3	the	the	DET
spir-12057	11	4	public	public	ADJ
spir-12057	11	5	disputation	disputation	NOUN
spir-12057	11	6	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	11	7	erroneous	erroneous	ADJ
spir-12057	11	8	content	content	NOUN
spir-12057	11	9	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	11	10	proving	prove	VERB
spir-12057	11	11	remedial	remedial	ADJ
spir-12057	11	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	11	13	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-12057	11	14	hall	hall	PROPN
spir-12057	11	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	11	16	2021	2021	NUM
spir-12057	11	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	11	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	1	a	a	DET
spir-12057	12	2	new	new	ADJ
spir-12057	12	3	lease	lease	NOUN
spir-12057	12	4	on	on	ADP
spir-12057	12	5	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	12	6	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
spir-12057	12	7	imagine	imagine	VERB
spir-12057	12	8	mid-20th	mid-20th	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	9	c.	c.	NOUN
spir-12057	12	10	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
spir-12057	12	11	theorist	theorist	NOUN
spir-12057	12	12	kurt	kurt	PROPN
spir-12057	12	13	lewin	lewin	PROPN
spir-12057	12	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	15	who	who	PRON
spir-12057	12	16	examined	examine	VERB
spir-12057	12	17	how	how	SCONJ
spir-12057	12	18	housewives	housewife	NOUN
spir-12057	12	19	control	control	NOUN
spir-12057	12	20	meals	meal	NOUN
spir-12057	12	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	22	confronted	confront	VERB
spir-12057	12	23	with	with	ADP
spir-12057	12	24	the	the	DET
spir-12057	12	25	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	12	26	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	12	27	food	food	NOUN
spir-12057	12	28	chain	chain	NOUN
spir-12057	12	29	some	some	DET
spir-12057	12	30	70	70	NUM
spir-12057	12	31	years	year	NOUN
spir-12057	12	32	later	later	ADV
spir-12057	12	33	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	34	endless	endless	ADJ
spir-12057	12	35	selection	selection	NOUN
spir-12057	12	36	but	but	CCONJ
spir-12057	12	37	also	also	ADV
spir-12057	12	38	unsolicited	unsolicited	ADJ
spir-12057	12	39	deliveries	delivery	NOUN
spir-12057	12	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	41	ripe	ripe	ADJ
spir-12057	12	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	12	43	rotten	rotten	ADJ
spir-12057	12	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	45	piling	pile	VERB
spir-12057	12	46	up	up	ADP
spir-12057	12	47	on	on	ADP
spir-12057	12	48	the	the	DET
spir-12057	12	49	dinner	dinner	NOUN
spir-12057	12	50	table	table	NOUN
spir-12057	12	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	52	cascading	cascade	VERB
spir-12057	12	53	unchecked	unchecked	ADJ
spir-12057	12	54	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	12	55	chairs	chair	NOUN
spir-12057	12	56	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	12	57	toppling	topple	VERB
spir-12057	12	58	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	12	59	the	the	DET
spir-12057	12	60	ground	ground	NOUN
spir-12057	12	61	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	12	62	out	out	ADP
spir-12057	12	63	the	the	DET
spir-12057	12	64	door	door	NOUN
spir-12057	12	65	until	until	SCONJ
spir-12057	12	66	all	all	DET
spir-12057	12	67	the	the	DET
spir-12057	12	68	world	world	NOUN
spir-12057	12	69	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	12	70	drowning	drown	VERB
spir-12057	12	71	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	12	72	packages	package	NOUN
spir-12057	12	73	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	13	1	deciding	decide	VERB
spir-12057	13	2	on	on	ADP
spir-12057	13	3	what	what	PRON
spir-12057	13	4	to	to	PART
spir-12057	13	5	feed	feed	VERB
spir-12057	13	6	the	the	DET
spir-12057	13	7	family	family	NOUN
spir-12057	13	8	becomes	become	VERB
spir-12057	13	9	quixotic	quixotic	ADJ
spir-12057	13	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	13	11	overwhelming	overwhelming	ADJ
spir-12057	13	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	13	13	even	even	ADV
spir-12057	13	14	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
spir-12057	13	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	14	1	even	even	ADV
spir-12057	14	2	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
spir-12057	14	3	gate	gate	NOUN
spir-12057	14	4	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	14	5	watchers	watcher	NOUN
spir-12057	14	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	14	7	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-12057	14	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	14	9	2003	2003	NUM
spir-12057	14	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	14	11	willing	willing	ADJ
spir-12057	14	12	to	to	PART
spir-12057	14	13	help	help	VERB
spir-12057	14	14	distribute	distribute	VERB
spir-12057	14	15	the	the	DET
spir-12057	14	16	largesse	largesse	ADJ
spir-12057	14	17	balk	balk	NOUN
spir-12057	14	18	as	as	ADP
spir-12057	14	19	the	the	DET
spir-12057	14	20	false	false	ADJ
spir-12057	14	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	14	22	the	the	DET
spir-12057	14	23	toxic	toxic	ADJ
spir-12057	14	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	14	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	14	26	the	the	DET
spir-12057	14	27	tainted	tainted	ADJ
spir-12057	14	28	contents	content	NOUN
spir-12057	14	29	spill	spill	VERB
spir-12057	14	30	into	into	ADP
spir-12057	14	31	the	the	DET
spir-12057	14	32	informational	informational	ADJ
spir-12057	14	33	food	food	NOUN
spir-12057	14	34	stream	stream	NOUN
spir-12057	14	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	1	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	2	produsage	produsage	NOUN
spir-12057	15	3	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	4	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-12057	15	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	6	2008	2008	NUM
spir-12057	15	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	9	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	10	after	after	ADV
spir-12057	15	11	all	all	ADV
spir-12057	15	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	13	anticipated	anticipate	VERB
spir-12057	15	14	a	a	DET
spir-12057	15	15	content	content	NOUN
spir-12057	15	16	community	community	NOUN
spir-12057	15	17	united	unite	VERB
spir-12057	15	18	to	to	PART
spir-12057	15	19	improve	improve	VERB
spir-12057	15	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	21	not	not	PART
spir-12057	15	22	undermine	undermine	ADJ
spir-12057	15	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	24	a	a	DET
spir-12057	15	25	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-12057	15	26	-	-	ADJ
spir-12057	15	27	genre	genre	ADJ
spir-12057	15	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	15	29	global	global	ADJ
spir-12057	15	30	conversation	conversation	NOUN
spir-12057	15	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	16	1	the	the	DET
spir-12057	16	2	public	public	NOUN
spir-12057	16	3	grows	grow	VERB
spir-12057	16	4	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-12057	16	5	unable	unable	ADJ
spir-12057	16	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	16	7	—	—	PUNCT
spir-12057	16	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	16	9	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	16	10	some	some	DET
spir-12057	16	11	cases	case	NOUN
spir-12057	16	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	16	13	frighteningly	frighteningly	ADV
spir-12057	16	14	unwilling	unwilling	ADJ
spir-12057	16	15	to	to	PART
spir-12057	16	16	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
spir-12057	16	17	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	16	18	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	16	19	lies	lie	NOUN
spir-12057	16	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	16	21	truth	truth	NOUN
spir-12057	16	22	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	16	23	falsehood	falsehood	NOUN
spir-12057	16	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	16	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	16	26	complexity	complexity	NOUN
spir-12057	16	27	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	16	28	conspiracies	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-12057	16	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	17	1	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-12057	17	2	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	17	3	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
spir-12057	17	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	17	5	even	even	ADV
spir-12057	17	6	amid	amid	ADP
spir-12057	17	7	allegations	allegation	NOUN
spir-12057	17	8	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	17	9	hegemony	hegemony	NOUN
spir-12057	17	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	17	11	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-12057	17	12	selfempowerment	selfempowerment	NOUN
spir-12057	17	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	17	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	17	15	histrionics	histrionic	NOUN
spir-12057	17	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	17	17	could	could	AUX
spir-12057	17	18	be	be	AUX
spir-12057	17	19	forgiven	forgive	VERB
spir-12057	17	20	for	for	ADP
spir-12057	17	21	wondering	wonder	VERB
spir-12057	17	22	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-12057	17	23	anyone	anyone	PRON
spir-12057	17	24	misses	miss	VERB
spir-12057	17	25	them	they	PRON
spir-12057	17	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	1	by	by	ADP
spir-12057	18	2	the	the	DET
spir-12057	18	3	2020s	2020	NOUN
spir-12057	18	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	5	it	it	PRON
spir-12057	18	6	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	18	7	too	too	ADV
spir-12057	18	8	late	late	ADJ
spir-12057	18	9	for	for	ADP
spir-12057	18	10	a	a	DET
spir-12057	18	11	full	full	ADJ
spir-12057	18	12	return	return	NOUN
spir-12057	18	13	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	18	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-12057	18	15	power	power	NOUN
spir-12057	18	16	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-12057	18	18	news	news	NOUN
spir-12057	18	19	editing	editing	NOUN
spir-12057	18	20	gates	gate	NOUN
spir-12057	18	21	are	be	AUX
spir-12057	18	22	hanging	hang	VERB
spir-12057	18	23	by	by	ADP
spir-12057	18	24	hinges	hinge	NOUN
spir-12057	18	25	or	or	CCONJ
spir-12057	18	26	crushed	crush	VERB
spir-12057	18	27	to	to	PART
spir-12057	18	28	rust	rust	VERB
spir-12057	18	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	30	watchers	watcher	NOUN
spir-12057	18	31	are	be	AUX
spir-12057	18	32	overwhelmed	overwhelmed	ADJ
spir-12057	18	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	18	35	donald	donald	PROPN
spir-12057	18	36	trump	trump	PROPN
spir-12057	18	37	's	's	PART
spir-12057	18	38	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	39	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-12057	18	40	news	news	NOUN
spir-12057	18	41	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	42	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	43	a	a	DET
spir-12057	18	44	baseless	baseless	ADJ
spir-12057	18	45	oxymoronic	oxymoronic	ADJ
spir-12057	18	46	term	term	NOUN
spir-12057	18	47	deployed	deploy	VERB
spir-12057	18	48	as	as	ADP
spir-12057	18	49	a	a	DET
spir-12057	18	50	political	political	ADJ
spir-12057	18	51	strategy	strategy	NOUN
spir-12057	18	52	to	to	PART
spir-12057	18	53	undermine	undermine	VERB
spir-12057	18	54	factual	factual	ADJ
spir-12057	18	55	reporting	reporting	NOUN
spir-12057	18	56	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	18	57	has	have	AUX
spir-12057	18	58	further	far	ADV
spir-12057	18	59	destabilized	destabilize	VERB
spir-12057	18	60	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-12057	18	61	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	19	1	the	the	DET
spir-12057	19	2	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-12057	19	3	euphoria	euphoria	NOUN
spir-12057	19	4	accompanying	accompany	VERB
spir-12057	19	5	the	the	DET
spir-12057	19	6	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-12057	19	7	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-12057	19	8	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	19	9	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	19	10	publishing	publishing	NOUN
spir-12057	19	11	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	19	12	hardening	harden	VERB
spir-12057	19	13	into	into	ADP
spir-12057	19	14	anger	anger	NOUN
spir-12057	19	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	19	16	fear	fear	NOUN
spir-12057	19	17	amid	amid	ADP
spir-12057	19	18	escalating	escalate	VERB
spir-12057	19	19	cyber	cyber	NOUN
spir-12057	19	20	abuse	abuse	NOUN
spir-12057	19	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	19	22	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-12057	19	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	19	24	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	19	25	criminality	criminality	NOUN
spir-12057	19	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	19	27	image	image	NOUN
spir-12057	19	28	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
spir-12057	19	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	19	30	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-12057	19	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	19	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	19	33	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	19	34	co	co	VERB
spir-12057	19	35	-	-	ADJ
spir-12057	19	36	ordinated	ordinated	ADJ
spir-12057	19	37	inauthentic	inauthentic	ADJ
spir-12057	19	38	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-12057	19	39	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	19	40	online	online	NOUN
spir-12057	19	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	1	by	by	ADP
spir-12057	20	2	2021	2021	NUM
spir-12057	20	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	4	the	the	DET
spir-12057	20	5	reuters	reuters	PROPN
spir-12057	20	6	institute	institute	PROPN
spir-12057	20	7	for	for	ADP
spir-12057	20	8	the	the	DET
spir-12057	20	9	study	study	NOUN
spir-12057	20	10	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	20	11	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-12057	20	12	at	at	ADP
spir-12057	20	13	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-12057	20	14	will	will	AUX
spir-12057	20	15	find	find	VERB
spir-12057	20	16	that	that	SCONJ
spir-12057	20	17	americans	americans	PROPN
spir-12057	20	18	trust	trust	VERB
spir-12057	20	19	their	their	PRON
spir-12057	20	20	media	medium	NOUN
spir-12057	20	21	less	less	ADV
spir-12057	20	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	23	29	29	NUM
spir-12057	20	24	%	%	NOUN
spir-12057	20	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	26	than	than	ADP
spir-12057	20	27	audiences	audience	NOUN
spir-12057	20	28	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	20	29	peru	peru	PROPN
spir-12057	20	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	31	40	40	NUM
spir-12057	20	32	%	%	NOUN
spir-12057	20	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	35	the	the	DET
spir-12057	20	36	philippines	philippine	NOUN
spir-12057	20	37	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	38	32	32	NUM
spir-12057	20	39	%	%	NOUN
spir-12057	20	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	42	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-12057	20	43	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	44	54	54	NUM
spir-12057	20	45	%	%	NOUN
spir-12057	20	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	48	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	20	49	finland	finland	PROPN
spir-12057	20	50	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	51	65	65	NUM
spir-12057	20	52	%	%	NOUN
spir-12057	20	53	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	20	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	21	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
spir-12057	21	2	attempts	attempt	NOUN
spir-12057	21	3	to	to	PART
spir-12057	21	4	rehabilitate	rehabilitate	VERB
spir-12057	21	5	trust	trust	NOUN
spir-12057	21	6	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	21	7	mainstream	mainstream	ADJ
spir-12057	21	8	western	western	ADJ
spir-12057	21	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-12057	21	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	21	11	a	a	DET
spir-12057	21	12	return	return	NOUN
spir-12057	21	13	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	21	14	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-12057	21	15	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
spir-12057	21	16	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	21	17	physically	physically	ADV
spir-12057	21	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	21	19	philosophically	philosophically	ADV
spir-12057	21	20	impossible	impossible	ADJ
spir-12057	21	21	at	at	ADP
spir-12057	21	22	this	this	DET
spir-12057	21	23	juncture	juncture	NOUN
spir-12057	21	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	22	1	the	the	DET
spir-12057	22	2	sheer	sheer	ADJ
spir-12057	22	3	capacity	capacity	NOUN
spir-12057	22	4	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	22	5	the	the	DET
spir-12057	22	6	largely	largely	ADV
spir-12057	22	7	free	free	ADJ
spir-12057	22	8	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	22	9	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	22	10	news	news	NOUN
spir-12057	22	11	hole	hole	NOUN
spir-12057	22	12	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	22	13	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	22	14	comparison	comparison	NOUN
spir-12057	22	15	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	22	16	the	the	DET
spir-12057	22	17	expensive	expensive	ADJ
spir-12057	22	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	22	19	limited	limited	ADJ
spir-12057	22	20	publishing	publishing	NOUN
spir-12057	22	21	space	space	NOUN
spir-12057	22	22	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	22	23	print	print	NOUN
spir-12057	22	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	22	25	on	on	ADP
spir-12057	22	26	commercial	commercial	ADJ
spir-12057	22	27	airwaves	airwave	NOUN
spir-12057	22	28	means	mean	VERB
spir-12057	22	29	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
spir-12057	22	30	roles	role	NOUN
spir-12057	22	31	are	be	AUX
spir-12057	22	32	no	no	ADV
spir-12057	22	33	longer	long	ADV
spir-12057	22	34	structural	structural	ADJ
spir-12057	22	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	22	36	but	but	CCONJ
spir-12057	22	37	affective	affective	NOUN
spir-12057	22	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	22	39	must	must	AUX
spir-12057	22	40	be	be	AUX
spir-12057	22	41	earned	earn	VERB
spir-12057	22	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	1	the	the	DET
spir-12057	23	2	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-12057	23	3	proliferation	proliferation	NOUN
spir-12057	23	4	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	23	5	expressants	expressant	NOUN
spir-12057	23	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	23	7	content	content	NOUN
spir-12057	23	8	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	9	generation	generation	NOUN
spir-12057	23	10	across	across	ADP
spir-12057	23	11	news	news	NOUN
spir-12057	23	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	23	13	social	social	ADJ
spir-12057	23	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-12057	23	15	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-12057	23	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	17	through	through	ADP
spir-12057	23	18	multiple	multiple	ADJ
spir-12057	23	19	layers	layer	NOUN
spir-12057	23	20	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	23	21	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	23	22	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-12057	23	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	24	including	include	VERB
spir-12057	23	25	the	the	DET
spir-12057	23	26	so	so	ADV
spir-12057	23	27	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	28	called	call	VERB
spir-12057	23	29	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	30	deep	deep	ADJ
spir-12057	23	31	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	32	web	web	NOUN
spir-12057	23	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	34	dilutes	dilute	VERB
spir-12057	23	35	the	the	DET
spir-12057	23	36	appeal	appeal	NOUN
spir-12057	23	37	or	or	CCONJ
spir-12057	23	38	viability	viability	NOUN
spir-12057	23	39	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	23	40	singular	singular	ADJ
spir-12057	23	41	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	23	42	authorities	authority	NOUN
spir-12057	23	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	23	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	23	45	decentralizes	decentralize	VERB
spir-12057	23	46	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-12057	23	47	control	control	NOUN
spir-12057	23	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	24	1	a	a	DET
spir-12057	24	2	china	china	ADJ
spir-12057	24	3	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	24	4	style	style	NOUN
spir-12057	24	5	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	24	6	blackout	blackout	NOUN
spir-12057	24	7	would	would	AUX
spir-12057	24	8	be	be	AUX
spir-12057	24	9	intolerable	intolerable	ADJ
spir-12057	24	10	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	24	11	many	many	ADJ
spir-12057	24	12	countries	country	NOUN
spir-12057	24	13	where	where	SCONJ
spir-12057	24	14	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-12057	24	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	24	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	24	17	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-12057	24	18	anti	anti	ADJ
spir-12057	24	19	-	-	ADJ
spir-12057	24	20	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-12057	24	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	24	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	24	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	24	24	capitalist	capitalist	ADJ
spir-12057	24	25	players	player	NOUN
spir-12057	24	26	demand	demand	VERB
spir-12057	24	27	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	24	28	freedom	freedom	NOUN
spir-12057	24	29	to	to	PART
spir-12057	24	30	ply	ply	VERB
spir-12057	24	31	their	their	PRON
spir-12057	24	32	wares	ware	NOUN
spir-12057	24	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	24	34	warfare	warfare	NOUN
spir-12057	24	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	25	1	yet	yet	ADV
spir-12057	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	25	3	as	as	SCONJ
spir-12057	25	4	mainstream	mainstream	ADJ
spir-12057	25	5	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-12057	25	6	struggles	struggle	VERB
spir-12057	25	7	to	to	PART
spir-12057	25	8	maintain	maintain	VERB
spir-12057	25	9	a	a	DET
spir-12057	25	10	public	public	ADJ
spir-12057	25	11	foothold	foothold	NOUN
spir-12057	25	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	25	13	a	a	DET
spir-12057	25	14	new	new	ADJ
spir-12057	25	15	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
spir-12057	25	16	emerges	emerge	VERB
spir-12057	25	17	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	25	18	the	the	DET
spir-12057	25	19	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-12057	25	20	.	.	PROPN
spir-12057	25	21	circa	circa	PROPN
spir-12057	25	22	2003	2003	NUM
spir-12057	25	23	with	with	ADP
spir-12057	25	24	the	the	DET
spir-12057	25	25	founding	founding	NOUN
spir-12057	25	26	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	25	27	factcheck.org	factcheck.org	NOUN
spir-12057	25	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	25	29	a	a	DET
spir-12057	25	30	consumer	consumer	NOUN
spir-12057	25	31	advocate	advocate	NOUN
spir-12057	25	32	website	website	NOUN
spir-12057	25	33	offering	offer	VERB
spir-12057	25	34	free	free	ADJ
spir-12057	25	35	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	25	36	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	25	37	all	all	PRON
spir-12057	25	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	26	1	reporters	reporter	NOUN
spir-12057	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	26	3	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-12057	26	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	26	5	free	free	ADJ
spir-12057	26	6	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-12057	26	7	advocates	advocate	NOUN
spir-12057	26	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	26	9	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-12057	26	10	activists	activist	NOUN
spir-12057	26	11	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	26	12	developing	develop	VERB
spir-12057	26	13	countries	country	NOUN
spir-12057	26	14	soon	soon	ADV
spir-12057	26	15	coalesce	coalesce	VERB
spir-12057	26	16	around	around	ADP
spir-12057	26	17	an	an	DET
spir-12057	26	18	explosion	explosion	NOUN
spir-12057	26	19	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	26	20	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	26	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	26	22	checking	check	VERB
spir-12057	26	23	organizations	organization	NOUN
spir-12057	26	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	26	25	positioned	position	VERB
spir-12057	26	26	at	at	ADP
spir-12057	26	27	the	the	DET
spir-12057	26	28	opposite	opposite	ADJ
spir-12057	26	29	end	end	NOUN
spir-12057	26	30	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	26	31	the	the	DET
spir-12057	26	32	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	26	33	delivery	delivery	NOUN
spir-12057	26	34	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
spir-12057	26	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	27	1	without	without	ADP
spir-12057	27	2	the	the	DET
spir-12057	27	3	power	power	NOUN
spir-12057	27	4	to	to	PART
spir-12057	27	5	affect	affect	VERB
spir-12057	27	6	newsroom	newsroom	NOUN
spir-12057	27	7	editorial	editorial	NOUN
spir-12057	27	8	decisionmaking	decisionmaking	NOUN
spir-12057	27	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	27	10	well	well	ADV
spir-12057	27	11	aware	aware	ADJ
spir-12057	27	12	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	27	13	shrinking	shrink	VERB
spir-12057	27	14	staff	staff	NOUN
spir-12057	27	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	27	16	impossibly	impossibly	ADV
spir-12057	27	17	tight	tight	ADJ
spir-12057	27	18	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	27	19	deadlines	deadline	NOUN
spir-12057	27	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	27	21	the	the	DET
spir-12057	27	22	new	new	ADJ
spir-12057	27	23	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	27	24	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-12057	27	25	throw	throw	VERB
spir-12057	27	26	their	their	PRON
spir-12057	27	27	energy	energy	NOUN
spir-12057	27	28	into	into	ADP
spir-12057	27	29	assessing	assess	VERB
spir-12057	27	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	27	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	27	32	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-12057	27	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	27	34	adjudicating	adjudicate	VERB
spir-12057	27	35	the	the	DET
spir-12057	27	36	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
spir-12057	27	37	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	27	38	what	what	PRON
spir-12057	27	39	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	27	40	flowing	flow	VERB
spir-12057	27	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	27	42	already	already	ADV
spir-12057	27	43	formed	form	VERB
spir-12057	27	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	27	45	across	across	ADP
spir-12057	27	46	the	the	DET
spir-12057	27	47	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-12057	27	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	1	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	2	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	28	3	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	4	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	28	5	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	28	6	a	a	DET
spir-12057	28	7	vast	vast	ADJ
spir-12057	28	8	landscape	landscape	NOUN
spir-12057	28	9	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	28	10	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-12057	28	11	it	it	PRON
spir-12057	28	12	was	be	AUX
spir-12057	28	13	necessary	necessary	ADJ
spir-12057	28	14	to	to	PART
spir-12057	28	15	conceive	conceive	VERB
spir-12057	28	16	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	28	17	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	28	18	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	19	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	28	20	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	21	to	to	PART
spir-12057	28	22	effectively	effectively	ADV
spir-12057	28	23	describe	describe	VERB
spir-12057	28	24	this	this	DET
spir-12057	28	25	modern	modern	ADJ
spir-12057	28	26	process	process	NOUN
spir-12057	28	27	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	28	28	culling	culling	NOUN
spir-12057	28	29	but	but	CCONJ
spir-12057	28	30	not	not	PART
spir-12057	28	31	crafting	craft	VERB
spir-12057	28	32	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	33	shoemaker	shoemaker	NOUN
spir-12057	28	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	28	35	vos	vos	NOUN
spir-12057	28	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	37	2009	2009	NUM
spir-12057	28	38	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	39	accurate	accurate	ADJ
spir-12057	28	40	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	28	41	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	28	42	the	the	DET
spir-12057	28	43	online	online	ADJ
spir-12057	28	44	plethora	plethora	NOUN
spir-12057	28	45	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	28	46	falsehoods	falsehood	NOUN
spir-12057	28	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	48	misrepresentation	misrepresentation	NOUN
spir-12057	28	49	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	28	50	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	28	51	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
spir-12057	28	52	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	29	1	as	as	ADP
spir-12057	29	2	such	such	ADJ
spir-12057	29	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	29	4	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	29	5	can	can	AUX
spir-12057	29	6	be	be	AUX
spir-12057	29	7	loosely	loosely	ADV
spir-12057	29	8	described	describe	VERB
spir-12057	29	9	as	as	ADP
spir-12057	29	10	a	a	DET
spir-12057	29	11	reverse	reverse	NOUN
spir-12057	29	12	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	29	13	engineering	engineering	NOUN
spir-12057	29	14	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	29	15	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	29	16	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
spir-12057	29	17	—	—	PUNCT
spir-12057	29	18	the	the	DET
spir-12057	29	19	sifting	sifting	NOUN
spir-12057	29	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	29	21	selecting	selecting	NOUN
spir-12057	29	22	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	29	23	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	29	24	pertinent	pertinent	ADJ
spir-12057	29	25	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	29	26	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	29	27	undertaken	undertake	VERB
spir-12057	29	28	across	across	ADP
spir-12057	29	29	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
spir-12057	29	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	29	31	including	include	VERB
spir-12057	29	32	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	29	33	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-12057	29	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	30	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
spir-12057	30	2	the	the	DET
spir-12057	30	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-12057	30	4	press	press	NOUN
spir-12057	30	5	’s	’s	PART
spir-12057	30	6	pre	pre	ADJ
spir-12057	30	7	-	-	ADJ
spir-12057	30	8	publication	publication	ADJ
spir-12057	30	9	practise	practise	NOUN
spir-12057	30	10	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	30	11	excluding	exclude	VERB
spir-12057	30	12	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	30	13	storytelling	storytelle	VERB
spir-12057	30	14	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	30	15	deemed	deem	VERB
spir-12057	30	16	unimportant	unimportant	ADJ
spir-12057	30	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	30	18	uninteresting	uninteresting	ADJ
spir-12057	30	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	30	20	and/or	and/or	CCONJ
spir-12057	30	21	under	under	ADV
spir-12057	30	22	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	30	23	substantiated	substantiate	VERB
spir-12057	30	24	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	30	25	the	the	DET
spir-12057	30	26	eyes	eye	NOUN
spir-12057	30	27	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	30	28	rotating	rotate	VERB
spir-12057	30	29	decision	decision	NOUN
spir-12057	30	30	makers	maker	NOUN
spir-12057	30	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	30	32	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	30	33	occurs	occur	VERB
spir-12057	30	34	at	at	ADP
spir-12057	30	35	the	the	DET
spir-12057	30	36	end	end	NOUN
spir-12057	30	37	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	30	38	the	the	DET
spir-12057	30	39	selective	selective	ADJ
spir-12057	30	40	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-12057	30	41	transaction	transaction	NOUN
spir-12057	30	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	30	43	after	after	SCONJ
spir-12057	30	44	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-12057	30	45	are	be	AUX
spir-12057	30	46	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	30	47	the	the	DET
spir-12057	30	48	public	public	ADJ
spir-12057	30	49	domain	domain	NOUN
spir-12057	30	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	31	1	faced	face	VERB
spir-12057	31	2	with	with	ADP
spir-12057	31	3	a	a	DET
spir-12057	31	4	vast	vast	ADJ
spir-12057	31	5	field	field	NOUN
spir-12057	31	6	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	31	7	inter	inter	ADJ
spir-12057	31	8	-	-	ADJ
spir-12057	31	9	knit	knit	VERB
spir-12057	31	10	filtered	filter	VERB
spir-12057	31	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	31	12	unfiltered	unfiltered	ADJ
spir-12057	31	13	human	human	ADJ
spir-12057	31	14	expression	expression	NOUN
spir-12057	31	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	31	16	modern	modern	ADJ
spir-12057	31	17	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	31	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	31	19	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-12057	31	20	deploy	deploy	VERB
spir-12057	31	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	31	22	publicly	publicly	ADV
spir-12057	31	23	document	document	NOUN
spir-12057	31	24	research	research	NOUN
spir-12057	31	25	techniques	technique	NOUN
spir-12057	31	26	aimed	aim	VERB
spir-12057	31	27	at	at	ADP
spir-12057	31	28	assessing	assess	VERB
spir-12057	31	29	the	the	DET
spir-12057	31	30	veracity	veracity	NOUN
spir-12057	31	31	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	31	32	public	public	ADJ
spir-12057	31	33	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-12057	31	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	32	1	assertions	assertion	NOUN
spir-12057	32	2	that	that	PRON
spir-12057	32	3	can	can	AUX
spir-12057	32	4	be	be	AUX
spir-12057	32	5	verified	verify	VERB
spir-12057	32	6	by	by	ADP
spir-12057	32	7	accountable	accountable	ADJ
spir-12057	32	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	32	9	approved	approve	VERB
spir-12057	32	10	method	method	NOUN
spir-12057	32	11	form	form	NOUN
spir-12057	32	12	are	be	AUX
spir-12057	32	13	roped	rope	VERB
spir-12057	32	14	off	off	ADP
spir-12057	32	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	32	16	privileged	privileged	ADJ
spir-12057	32	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	33	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-12057	33	2	value	value	NOUN
spir-12057	33	3	judgments	judgment	NOUN
spir-12057	33	4	are	be	AUX
spir-12057	33	5	required	require	VERB
spir-12057	33	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	33	7	as	as	SCONJ
spir-12057	33	8	they	they	PRON
spir-12057	33	9	are	be	AUX
spir-12057	33	10	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	33	11	every	every	DET
spir-12057	33	12	facet	facet	NOUN
spir-12057	33	13	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	33	14	human	human	ADJ
spir-12057	33	15	life	life	NOUN
spir-12057	33	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	33	17	the	the	DET
spir-12057	33	18	ppfc	ppfc	NOUN
spir-12057	33	19	protocol	protocol	NOUN
spir-12057	33	20	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	33	21	fashioned	fashion	VERB
spir-12057	33	22	for	for	ADP
spir-12057	33	23	reproducibility	reproducibility	NOUN
spir-12057	33	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	33	25	much	much	ADJ
spir-12057	33	26	like	like	ADP
spir-12057	33	27	academic	academic	ADJ
spir-12057	33	28	experimentation	experimentation	NOUN
spir-12057	33	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	33	30	so	so	ADV
spir-12057	33	31	the	the	DET
spir-12057	33	32	public	public	NOUN
spir-12057	33	33	can	can	AUX
spir-12057	33	34	reach	reach	VERB
spir-12057	33	35	its	its	PRON
spir-12057	33	36	own	own	ADJ
spir-12057	33	37	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
spir-12057	33	38	about	about	ADP
spir-12057	33	39	the	the	DET
spir-12057	33	40	veracity	veracity	NOUN
spir-12057	33	41	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	33	42	corralled	corral	VERB
spir-12057	33	43	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	33	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	33	45	the	the	DET
spir-12057	33	46	investigative	investigative	ADJ
spir-12057	33	47	methods	method	NOUN
spir-12057	33	48	undertaken	undertake	VERB
spir-12057	33	49	to	to	PART
spir-12057	33	50	collect	collect	VERB
spir-12057	33	51	it	it	PRON
spir-12057	33	52	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	34	1	by	by	ADP
spir-12057	34	2	distinguishing	distinguish	VERB
spir-12057	34	3	themselves	themselves	PRON
spir-12057	34	4	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	34	5	time	time	NOUN
spir-12057	34	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	34	7	technique	technique	NOUN
spir-12057	34	8	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	34	9	mainstream	mainstream	NOUN
spir-12057	34	10	press	press	NOUN
spir-12057	34	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	34	12	yet	yet	ADV
spir-12057	34	13	rarely	rarely	ADV
spir-12057	34	14	calling	call	VERB
spir-12057	34	15	out	out	ADP
spir-12057	34	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-12057	34	17	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-12057	34	18	publishing	publish	VERB
spir-12057	34	19	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-12057	34	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	34	21	post	post	ADJ
spir-12057	34	22	-	-	ADJ
spir-12057	34	23	publication	publication	ADJ
spir-12057	34	24	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	34	25	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	34	26	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-12057	34	27	can	can	AUX
spir-12057	34	28	challenge	challenge	VERB
spir-12057	34	29	reported	report	VERB
spir-12057	34	30	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-12057	34	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	34	32	while	while	SCONJ
spir-12057	34	33	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
spir-12057	34	34	shoring	shore	VERB
spir-12057	34	35	up	up	ADP
spir-12057	34	36	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	34	37	bona	bona	ADJ
spir-12057	34	38	fides	fide	NOUN
spir-12057	34	39	from	from	ADP
spir-12057	34	40	within	within	ADP
spir-12057	34	41	the	the	DET
spir-12057	34	42	field	field	NOUN
spir-12057	34	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	35	1	unlike	unlike	ADP
spir-12057	35	2	formative	formative	ADJ
spir-12057	35	3	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
spir-12057	35	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	35	5	this	this	DET
spir-12057	35	6	new	new	ADJ
spir-12057	35	7	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	35	8	genre	genre	NOUN
spir-12057	35	9	’s	’s	PART
spir-12057	35	10	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	35	11	corralling	corralling	NOUN
spir-12057	35	12	upholds	uphold	VERB
spir-12057	35	13	many	many	ADJ
spir-12057	35	14	normative	normative	ADJ
spir-12057	35	15	press	press	NOUN
spir-12057	35	16	values	value	NOUN
spir-12057	35	17	while	while	SCONJ
spir-12057	35	18	also	also	ADV
spir-12057	35	19	engaging	engage	VERB
spir-12057	35	20	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	35	21	movementbuilding	movementbuilde	VERB
spir-12057	35	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	35	23	social	social	ADJ
spir-12057	35	24	reform	reform	NOUN
spir-12057	35	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	35	26	graves	grave	NOUN
spir-12057	35	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	35	28	2013	2013	NUM
spir-12057	35	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	35	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	35	31	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-12057	35	32	revolution	revolution	NOUN
spir-12057	35	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	36	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-12057	36	2	amazeen	amazeen	VERB
spir-12057	36	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	36	4	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-12057	36	5	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-12057	36	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	36	7	2018	2018	NUM
spir-12057	36	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	36	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	37	1	practitioner	practitioner	NOUN
spir-12057	37	2	perceptions	perception	NOUN
spir-12057	37	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	37	4	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-12057	37	5	junctures	juncture	NOUN
spir-12057	37	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	37	7	the	the	DET
spir-12057	37	8	global	global	ADJ
spir-12057	37	9	emergence	emergence	NOUN
spir-12057	37	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	37	11	challenges	challenge	NOUN
spir-12057	37	12	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	37	13	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-12057	37	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	37	15	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-12057	37	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	38	1	international	international	ADJ
spir-12057	38	2	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-12057	38	3	gazette	gazette	NOUN
spir-12057	38	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	38	5	81(6	81(6	NUM
spir-12057	38	6	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	38	7	8)	8)	NUM
spir-12057	38	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	38	9	541	541	NUM
spir-12057	38	10	-	-	SYM
spir-12057	38	11	561	561	NUM
spir-12057	38	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	38	13	doi:10.1177/1748048518817674	doi:10.1177/1748048518817674	NOUN
spir-12057	38	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	1	benson	benson	PROPN
spir-12057	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	3	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-12057	39	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	5	2006	2006	NUM
spir-12057	39	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	7	news	news	NOUN
spir-12057	39	8	media	medium	NOUN
spir-12057	39	9	as	as	ADP
spir-12057	39	10	a	a	DET
spir-12057	39	11	“	"	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	12	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-12057	39	13	field	field	NOUN
spir-12057	39	14	”	"	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	15	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	16	what	what	PRON
spir-12057	39	17	bourdieu	bourdieu	PROPN
spir-12057	39	18	adds	add	VERB
spir-12057	39	19	to	to	ADP
spir-12057	39	20	new	new	ADJ
spir-12057	39	21	institutionalism	institutionalism	NOUN
spir-12057	39	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	39	24	vice	vice	ADV
spir-12057	39	25	versa	versa	ADV
spir-12057	39	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	27	political	political	ADJ
spir-12057	39	28	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-12057	39	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	30	23:2	23:2	NUM
spir-12057	39	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	32	187	187	NUM
spir-12057	39	33	-	-	SYM
spir-12057	39	34	202	202	NUM
spir-12057	39	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	36	doi	doi	NOUN
spir-12057	39	37	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	39	38	10.1080/10584600600629802	10.1080/10584600600629802	NUM
spir-12057	39	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	40	1	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-12057	40	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	40	3	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-12057	40	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	40	5	2003	2003	NUM
spir-12057	40	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	40	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	41	1	gatewatching	gatewatche	VERB
spir-12057	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	41	3	not	not	PART
spir-12057	41	4	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
spir-12057	41	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	41	6	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
spir-12057	41	7	online	online	ADJ
spir-12057	41	8	news	news	PROPN
spir-12057	41	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	42	1	media	media	PROPN
spir-12057	42	2	international	international	PROPN
spir-12057	42	3	australia	australia	PROPN
spir-12057	42	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	42	5	107(1	107(1	NUM
spir-12057	42	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	42	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	42	8	31–44	31–44	NUM
spir-12057	42	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	43	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310700106	https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0310700106	X
spir-12057	43	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	44	1	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-12057	44	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	44	3	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-12057	44	4	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-12057	44	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	44	6	1992	1992	NUM
spir-12057	44	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	44	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	45	1	dirty	dirty	ADJ
spir-12057	45	2	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-12057	45	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	45	4	deception	deception	NOUN
spir-12057	45	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	45	6	distraction	distraction	NOUN
spir-12057	45	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	45	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	45	9	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-12057	45	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	46	1	oxford	oxford	NOUN
spir-12057	46	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	46	3	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-12057	46	4	university	university	PROPN
spir-12057	46	5	press	press	NOUN
spir-12057	46	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	47	1	lewin	lewin	PROPN
spir-12057	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	47	3	kurt	kurt	PROPN
spir-12057	47	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	48	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	48	2	1943	1943	NUM
spir-12057	48	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	48	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	49	1	“	"	PUNCT
spir-12057	49	2	forces	force	NOUN
spir-12057	49	3	behind	behind	ADP
spir-12057	49	4	food	food	NOUN
spir-12057	49	5	habits	habit	NOUN
spir-12057	49	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	49	7	methods	method	NOUN
spir-12057	49	8	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	49	9	change	change	NOUN
spir-12057	49	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	49	11	”	"	PUNCT
spir-12057	49	12	bulletin	bulletin	NOUN
spir-12057	49	13	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	49	14	the	the	DET
spir-12057	49	15	national	national	PROPN
spir-12057	49	16	research	research	PROPN
spir-12057	49	17	council	council	PROPN
spir-12057	49	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	50	1	108	108	NUM
spir-12057	50	2	:	:	SYM
spir-12057	50	3	35–65	35–65	NUM
spir-12057	50	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	51	1	https://doi.org/10.17226/9566	https://doi.org/10.17226/9566	PROPN
spir-12057	51	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	52	1	shoemaker	shoemaker	PROPN
spir-12057	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	52	3	p.j	p.j	PROPN
spir-12057	52	4	.	.	PROPN
spir-12057	52	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	52	6	vos	vos	PROPN
spir-12057	52	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	52	8	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-12057	52	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	52	10	2009	2009	NUM
spir-12057	52	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	52	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	53	1	gatekeeping	gatekeepe	VERB
spir-12057	53	2	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-12057	53	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	54	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-12057	54	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	55	1	wahl	wahl	PROPN
spir-12057	55	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-12057	55	3	jorgensen	jorgensen	PROPN
spir-12057	55	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	55	5	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-12057	55	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	55	7	&	&	CCONJ
spir-12057	55	8	hanitzsch	hanitzsch	PROPN
spir-12057	55	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	55	10	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-12057	55	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-12057	55	12	2020	2020	NUM
spir-12057	55	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-12057	55	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	56	1	the	the	DET
spir-12057	56	2	handbook	handbook	NOUN
spir-12057	56	3	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	56	4	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-12057	56	5	studies	study	NOUN
spir-12057	56	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	1	new	new	PROPN
spir-12057	57	2	york	york	PROPN
spir-12057	57	3	;	;	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	4	london	london	PROPN
spir-12057	57	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	6	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-12057	57	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	8	notes	note	VERB
spir-12057	57	9	[	[	X
spir-12057	57	10	1	1	X
spir-12057	57	11	]	]	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	12	the	the	DET
spir-12057	57	13	term	term	NOUN
spir-12057	57	14	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	15	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-12057	57	16	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	17	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	57	18	preferred	prefer	VERB
spir-12057	57	19	over	over	ADP
spir-12057	57	20	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	21	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-12057	57	22	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	23	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	57	24	to	to	PART
spir-12057	57	25	avoid	avoid	VERB
spir-12057	57	26	often	often	ADV
spir-12057	57	27	impossible	impossible	ADJ
spir-12057	57	28	accurate	accurate	ADJ
spir-12057	57	29	adjudication	adjudication	NOUN
spir-12057	57	30	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	57	31	intent	intent	NOUN
spir-12057	57	32	in	in	ADP
spir-12057	57	33	creating	create	VERB
spir-12057	57	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	57	35	communicating	communicate	VERB
spir-12057	57	36	false	false	ADJ
spir-12057	57	37	information	information	NOUN
spir-12057	57	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	58	1	[	[	X
spir-12057	58	2	2	2	X
spir-12057	58	3	]	]	PUNCT
spir-12057	58	4	i	i	PRON
spir-12057	58	5	use	use	VERB
spir-12057	58	6	the	the	DET
spir-12057	58	7	term	term	NOUN
spir-12057	58	8	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	58	9	expressants	expressant	NOUN
spir-12057	58	10	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	58	11	to	to	PART
spir-12057	58	12	describe	describe	VERB
spir-12057	58	13	the	the	DET
spir-12057	58	14	millions	million	NOUN
spir-12057	58	15	of	of	ADP
spir-12057	58	16	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-12057	58	17	online	online	ADJ
spir-12057	58	18	publishers	publisher	NOUN
spir-12057	58	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	59	1	it	it	PRON
spir-12057	59	2	is	be	AUX
spir-12057	59	3	more	more	ADV
spir-12057	59	4	accurate	accurate	ADJ
spir-12057	59	5	than	than	ADP
spir-12057	59	6	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	59	7	citizen	citizen	NOUN
spir-12057	59	8	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	59	9	or	or	CCONJ
spir-12057	59	10	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	59	11	witness	witness	NOUN
spir-12057	59	12	journalists	journalist	NOUN
spir-12057	59	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-12057	59	14	’	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	59	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	59	16	more	more	ADV
spir-12057	59	17	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
spir-12057	59	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-12057	59	19	informative	informative	ADJ
spir-12057	59	20	than	than	ADP
spir-12057	59	21	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-12057	59	22	participants	participant	NOUN
spir-12057	59	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-12057	59	24	’	'	PUNCT