id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-13067	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-13067	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-13067	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-13067	1	5	aoir2022	aoir2022	NOUN
spir-13067	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-13067	1	8	23rd	23rd	ADJ
spir-13067	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13067	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13067	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-13067	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-13067	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13067	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13067	1	17	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-13067	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	19	ireland	ireland	PROPN
spir-13067	1	20	/	/	SYM
spir-13067	1	21	2	2	NUM
spir-13067	1	22	-	-	SYM
spir-13067	1	23	5	5	NUM
spir-13067	1	24	nov	nov	PROPN
spir-13067	1	25	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13067	1	26	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-13067	1	27	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-13067	1	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	29	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-13067	1	30	):	):	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	31	park	park	PROPN
spir-13067	1	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	33	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13067	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	35	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13067	1	36	culloty	culloty	PROPN
spir-13067	1	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	38	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13067	1	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	40	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13067	1	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	42	november	november	PROPN
spir-13067	1	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	1	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	2	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13067	2	2	performative	performative	ADJ
spir-13067	2	3	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-13067	2	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	2	5	lessons	lesson	NOUN
spir-13067	2	6	learned	learn	VERB
spir-13067	2	7	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	2	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	2	9	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13067	2	10	code	code	NOUN
spir-13067	2	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	2	12	practice	practice	NOUN
spir-13067	2	13	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	2	14	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	2	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	3	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13067	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-13067	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-13067	3	4	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-13067	3	5	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13067	3	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	3	7	the	the	DET
spir-13067	3	8	23rd	23rd	ADJ
spir-13067	3	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13067	3	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13067	3	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	3	12	the	the	DET
spir-13067	3	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-13067	3	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	3	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13067	3	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13067	3	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	4	1	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-13067	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	4	3	ireland	ireland	PROPN
spir-13067	4	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	4	5	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-13067	4	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	4	7	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-13067	4	8	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	4	9	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-13067	4	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	5	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13067	5	2	performative	performative	ADJ
spir-13067	5	3	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-13067	5	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	5	5	lessons	lesson	NOUN
spir-13067	5	6	learned	learn	VERB
spir-13067	5	7	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	5	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	5	9	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13067	5	10	code	code	NOUN
spir-13067	5	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	5	12	practice	practice	NOUN
spir-13067	5	13	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	5	14	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	5	15	kirsty	kirsty	PROPN
spir-13067	5	16	park	park	PROPN
spir-13067	5	17	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-13067	5	18	city	city	PROPN
spir-13067	5	19	university	university	PROPN
spir-13067	5	20	eileen	eileen	PROPN
spir-13067	5	21	culloty	culloty	PROPN
spir-13067	5	22	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-13067	5	23	city	city	PROPN
spir-13067	5	24	university	university	PROPN
spir-13067	5	25	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	5	26	june	june	PROPN
spir-13067	5	27	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13067	5	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	5	29	the	the	DET
spir-13067	5	30	european	european	PROPN
spir-13067	5	31	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-13067	5	32	requested	request	VERB
spir-13067	5	33	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	5	34	signatories	signatory	NOUN
spir-13067	5	35	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	5	36	the	the	DET
spir-13067	5	37	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13067	5	38	code	code	NOUN
spir-13067	5	39	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	5	40	practice	practice	NOUN
spir-13067	5	41	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	5	42	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	5	43	should	should	AUX
spir-13067	5	44	provide	provide	VERB
spir-13067	5	45	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	5	46	monthly	monthly	ADJ
spir-13067	5	47	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13067	5	48	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	5	49	their	their	PRON
spir-13067	5	50	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-13067	5	51	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	5	52	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13067	5	53	to	to	PART
spir-13067	5	54	address	address	VERB
spir-13067	5	55	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-13067	5	56	related	relate	VERB
spir-13067	5	57	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	5	58	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	5	59	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	5	60	european	european	PROPN
spir-13067	5	61	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-13067	5	62	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	5	63	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13067	5	64	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	5	65	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	6	1	six	six	NUM
spir-13067	6	2	signatories	signatory	NOUN
spir-13067	6	3	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	6	4	google	google	PROPN
spir-13067	6	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	6	6	meta	meta	X
spir-13067	6	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	6	8	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
spir-13067	6	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	6	10	mozilla	mozilla	NOUN
spir-13067	6	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	6	12	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13067	6	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	6	14	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-13067	6	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	6	16	took	take	VERB
spir-13067	6	17	part	part	NOUN
spir-13067	6	18	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	6	19	this	this	DET
spir-13067	6	20	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
spir-13067	6	21	programme	programme	NOUN
spir-13067	6	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	7	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13067	7	2	the	the	DET
spir-13067	7	3	european	european	PROPN
spir-13067	7	4	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-13067	7	5	asked	ask	VERB
spir-13067	7	6	signatories	signatory	NOUN
spir-13067	7	7	to	to	PART
spir-13067	7	8	address	address	VERB
spir-13067	7	9	the	the	DET
spir-13067	7	10	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13067	7	11	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13067	7	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	7	13	the	the	DET
spir-13067	7	14	decision	decision	NOUN
spir-13067	7	15	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	7	16	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13067	7	17	to	to	PART
spir-13067	7	18	structure	structure	VERB
spir-13067	7	19	the	the	DET
spir-13067	7	20	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13067	7	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	7	22	what	what	DET
spir-13067	7	23	level	level	NOUN
spir-13067	7	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	7	25	detail	detail	NOUN
spir-13067	7	26	to	to	PART
spir-13067	7	27	include	include	VERB
spir-13067	7	28	was	be	AUX
spir-13067	7	29	left	leave	VERB
spir-13067	7	30	up	up	ADP
spir-13067	7	31	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	7	32	the	the	DET
spir-13067	7	33	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	7	34	themselves	themselves	PRON
spir-13067	7	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	7	36	leading	lead	VERB
spir-13067	7	37	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	7	38	a	a	DET
spir-13067	7	39	high	high	ADJ
spir-13067	7	40	level	level	NOUN
spir-13067	7	41	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	7	42	variation	variation	NOUN
spir-13067	7	43	between	between	ADP
spir-13067	7	44	the	the	DET
spir-13067	7	45	nature	nature	NOUN
spir-13067	7	46	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	7	47	each	each	DET
spir-13067	7	48	signatory	signatory	NOUN
spir-13067	7	49	’s	’s	PART
spir-13067	7	50	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13067	7	51	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	8	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13067	8	2	conducted	conduct	VERB
spir-13067	8	3	an	an	DET
spir-13067	8	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	8	5	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13067	8	6	depth	depth	NOUN
spir-13067	8	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13067	8	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	8	9	the	the	DET
spir-13067	8	10	47	47	NUM
spir-13067	8	11	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13067	8	12	submitted	submit	VERB
spir-13067	8	13	between	between	ADP
spir-13067	8	14	august	august	PROPN
spir-13067	8	15	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13067	8	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	8	17	april	april	PROPN
spir-13067	8	18	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13067	8	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	8	20	coded	code	VERB
spir-13067	8	21	each	each	DET
spir-13067	8	22	selfreported	selfreporte	VERB
spir-13067	8	23	action	action	NOUN
spir-13067	8	24	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	8	25	1114	1114	NUM
spir-13067	8	26	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	8	27	total	total	NOUN
spir-13067	8	28	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	8	29	to	to	PART
spir-13067	8	30	assess	assess	VERB
spir-13067	8	31	their	their	PRON
spir-13067	8	32	quality	quality	NOUN
spir-13067	8	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	8	34	relevance	relevance	NOUN
spir-13067	8	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	9	1	overall	overall	ADV
spir-13067	9	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	9	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13067	9	4	found	find	VERB
spir-13067	9	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	9	6	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13067	9	7	the	the	DET
spir-13067	9	8	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-13067	9	9	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13067	9	10	were	be	AUX
spir-13067	9	11	designed	design	VERB
spir-13067	9	12	to	to	PART
spir-13067	9	13	provide	provide	VERB
spir-13067	9	14	clear	clear	ADJ
spir-13067	9	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	9	16	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
spir-13067	9	17	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	9	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	9	19	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	9	20	reality	reality	NOUN
spir-13067	9	21	the	the	DET
spir-13067	9	22	process	process	NOUN
spir-13067	9	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	9	24	assessing	assess	VERB
spir-13067	9	25	each	each	DET
spir-13067	9	26	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	9	27	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	9	28	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13067	9	29	was	be	AUX
spir-13067	9	30	labour	labour	NOUN
spir-13067	9	31	intensive	intensive	ADJ
spir-13067	9	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	9	33	difficult	difficult	ADJ
spir-13067	9	34	to	to	PART
spir-13067	9	35	assess	assess	VERB
spir-13067	9	36	due	due	ADP
spir-13067	9	37	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	9	38	instances	instance	NOUN
spir-13067	9	39	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	9	40	repetition	repetition	NOUN
spir-13067	9	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	9	42	vague	vague	ADJ
spir-13067	9	43	descriptions	description	NOUN
spir-13067	9	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	9	45	even	even	ADV
spir-13067	9	46	reporting	report	VERB
spir-13067	9	47	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	9	48	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13067	9	49	which	which	PRON
spir-13067	9	50	were	be	AUX
spir-13067	9	51	irrelevant	irrelevant	ADJ
spir-13067	9	52	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	9	53	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-13067	9	54	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13067	9	55	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	9	56	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	10	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13067	10	2	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	10	3	was	be	AUX
spir-13067	10	4	requested	request	VERB
spir-13067	10	5	at	at	ADP
spir-13067	10	6	both	both	CCONJ
spir-13067	10	7	an	an	DET
spir-13067	10	8	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13067	10	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	10	10	member	member	NOUN
spir-13067	10	11	state	state	NOUN
spir-13067	10	12	level	level	NOUN
spir-13067	10	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	10	14	the	the	DET
spir-13067	10	15	application	application	NOUN
spir-13067	10	16	region	region	NOUN
spir-13067	10	17	was	be	AUX
spir-13067	10	18	unclear	unclear	ADJ
spir-13067	10	19	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13067	10	20	unstated	unstated	ADJ
spir-13067	10	21	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	10	22	40	40	NUM
spir-13067	10	23	percent	percent	NOUN
spir-13067	10	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	10	25	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13067	10	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	10	27	68	68	NUM
spir-13067	10	28	percent	percent	NOUN
spir-13067	10	29	did	do	AUX
spir-13067	10	30	not	not	PART
spir-13067	10	31	report	report	VERB
spir-13067	10	32	any	any	DET
spir-13067	10	33	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
spir-13067	10	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	10	35	metrics	metric	NOUN
spir-13067	10	36	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13067	10	37	results	result	NOUN
spir-13067	10	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	11	1	the	the	DET
spir-13067	11	2	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-13067	11	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	11	4	granular	granular	ADJ
spir-13067	11	5	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	11	6	showed	show	VERB
spir-13067	11	7	a	a	DET
spir-13067	11	8	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN
spir-13067	11	9	to	to	PART
spir-13067	11	10	share	share	VERB
spir-13067	11	11	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-13067	11	12	metrics	metric	NOUN
spir-13067	11	13	that	that	PRON
spir-13067	11	14	would	would	AUX
spir-13067	11	15	highlight	highlight	VERB
spir-13067	11	16	both	both	CCONJ
spir-13067	11	17	the	the	DET
spir-13067	11	18	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-13067	11	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	11	20	the	the	DET
spir-13067	11	21	problem	problem	NOUN
spir-13067	11	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	11	23	the	the	DET
spir-13067	11	24	impact	impact	NOUN
spir-13067	11	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	11	26	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13067	11	27	taken	take	VERB
spir-13067	11	28	to	to	PART
spir-13067	11	29	address	address	VERB
spir-13067	11	30	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	11	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	12	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
spir-13067	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	12	3	the	the	DET
spir-13067	12	4	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	12	5	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13067	12	6	were	be	AUX
spir-13067	12	7	often	often	ADV
spir-13067	12	8	reported	report	VERB
spir-13067	12	9	through	through	ADP
spir-13067	12	10	a	a	DET
spir-13067	12	11	public	public	ADJ
spir-13067	12	12	relations	relation	NOUN
spir-13067	12	13	lens	len	NOUN
spir-13067	12	14	using	use	VERB
spir-13067	12	15	a	a	DET
spir-13067	12	16	promotional	promotional	ADJ
spir-13067	12	17	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-13067	12	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	12	19	with	with	ADP
spir-13067	12	20	some	some	DET
spir-13067	12	21	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13067	12	22	copied	copy	VERB
spir-13067	12	23	directly	directly	ADV
spir-13067	12	24	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	12	25	blog	blog	NOUN
spir-13067	12	26	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13067	12	27	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13067	12	28	press	press	NOUN
spir-13067	12	29	releases	release	NOUN
spir-13067	12	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	13	1	the	the	DET
spir-13067	13	2	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13067	13	3	code	code	PROPN
spir-13067	13	4	has	have	AUX
spir-13067	13	5	attempted	attempt	VERB
spir-13067	13	6	to	to	PART
spir-13067	13	7	approach	approach	VERB
spir-13067	13	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	13	9	issue	issue	NOUN
spir-13067	13	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	13	11	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	13	12	through	through	ADP
spir-13067	13	13	a	a	DET
spir-13067	13	14	selfregulatory	selfregulatory	ADJ
spir-13067	13	15	model	model	NOUN
spir-13067	13	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	13	17	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13067	13	18	this	this	PRON
spir-13067	13	19	has	have	AUX
spir-13067	13	20	seen	see	VERB
spir-13067	13	21	limited	limited	ADJ
spir-13067	13	22	success	success	NOUN
spir-13067	13	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	14	1	occupying	occupy	VERB
spir-13067	14	2	the	the	DET
spir-13067	14	3	grey	grey	ADJ
spir-13067	14	4	area	area	NOUN
spir-13067	14	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	14	6	legal	legal	ADJ
spir-13067	14	7	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13067	14	8	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	14	9	harmful	harmful	ADJ
spir-13067	14	10	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	14	11	content	content	NOUN
spir-13067	14	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	14	13	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	14	14	is	be	AUX
spir-13067	14	15	difficult	difficult	ADJ
spir-13067	14	16	to	to	PART
spir-13067	14	17	define	define	VERB
spir-13067	14	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	14	19	poorly	poorly	ADV
spir-13067	14	20	understood	understand	VERB
spir-13067	14	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	14	22	always	always	ADV
spir-13067	14	23	evolving	evolve	VERB
spir-13067	14	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	14	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	14	26	entangled	entangle	VERB
spir-13067	14	27	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	14	28	the	the	DET
spir-13067	14	29	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
spir-13067	14	30	right	right	NOUN
spir-13067	14	31	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	14	32	freedom	freedom	NOUN
spir-13067	14	33	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	14	34	expression	expression	NOUN
spir-13067	14	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	15	1	selfregulatory	selfregulatory	ADJ
spir-13067	15	2	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
spir-13067	15	3	to	to	PART
spir-13067	15	4	increase	increase	VERB
spir-13067	15	5	the	the	DET
spir-13067	15	6	accountability	accountability	NOUN
spir-13067	15	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	15	8	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13067	15	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	15	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	15	11	such	such	ADJ
spir-13067	15	12	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	15	13	the	the	DET
spir-13067	15	14	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13067	15	15	code	code	PROPN
spir-13067	15	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	15	17	have	have	AUX
spir-13067	15	18	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV
spir-13067	15	19	failed	fail	VERB
spir-13067	15	20	to	to	PART
spir-13067	15	21	address	address	VERB
spir-13067	15	22	these	these	DET
spir-13067	15	23	core	core	NOUN
spir-13067	15	24	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13067	15	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	16	1	the	the	DET
spir-13067	16	2	study	study	NOUN
spir-13067	16	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	16	4	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	16	5	is	be	AUX
spir-13067	16	6	hampered	hamper	VERB
spir-13067	16	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13067	16	8	a	a	DET
spir-13067	16	9	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-13067	16	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	16	11	access	access	NOUN
spir-13067	16	12	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	16	13	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
spir-13067	16	14	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	16	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	16	16	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13067	16	17	code	code	NOUN
spir-13067	16	18	signatories	signatory	NOUN
spir-13067	16	19	have	have	AUX
spir-13067	16	20	committed	commit	VERB
spir-13067	16	21	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	16	22	providing	provide	VERB
spir-13067	16	23	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	16	24	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	16	25	research	research	NOUN
spir-13067	16	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	16	27	so	so	ADV
spir-13067	16	28	far	far	ADV
spir-13067	16	29	the	the	DET
spir-13067	16	30	quality	quality	NOUN
spir-13067	16	31	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	16	32	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	16	33	provision	provision	NOUN
spir-13067	16	34	has	have	AUX
spir-13067	16	35	been	be	AUX
spir-13067	16	36	extremely	extremely	ADV
spir-13067	16	37	poor	poor	ADJ
spir-13067	16	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	17	1	the	the	DET
spir-13067	17	2	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-13067	17	3	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	17	4	our	our	PRON
spir-13067	17	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13067	17	6	are	be	AUX
spir-13067	17	7	consistent	consistent	ADJ
spir-13067	17	8	with	with	ADP
spir-13067	17	9	the	the	DET
spir-13067	17	10	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-13067	17	11	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	17	12	previous	previous	ADJ
spir-13067	17	13	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
spir-13067	17	14	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13067	17	15	about	about	ADP
spir-13067	17	16	the	the	DET
spir-13067	17	17	code	code	NOUN
spir-13067	17	18	which	which	PRON
spir-13067	17	19	have	have	AUX
spir-13067	17	20	concluded	conclude	VERB
spir-13067	17	21	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	17	22	self	self	NOUN
spir-13067	17	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13067	17	24	regulation	regulation	NOUN
spir-13067	17	25	is	be	AUX
spir-13067	17	26	not	not	PART
spir-13067	17	27	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
spir-13067	17	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	17	29	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	17	30	there	there	PRON
spir-13067	17	31	is	be	VERB
spir-13067	17	32	a	a	DET
spir-13067	17	33	need	need	NOUN
spir-13067	17	34	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	17	35	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-13067	17	36	verification	verification	NOUN
spir-13067	17	37	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	17	38	signatory	signatory	NOUN
spir-13067	17	39	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-13067	17	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	17	41	clear	clear	ADJ
spir-13067	17	42	reporting	reporting	NOUN
spir-13067	17	43	standards	standard	NOUN
spir-13067	17	44	such	such	ADJ
spir-13067	17	45	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	17	46	the	the	DET
spir-13067	17	47	use	use	NOUN
spir-13067	17	48	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	17	49	kpis	kpis	PROPN
spir-13067	17	50	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	17	51	greater	great	ADJ
spir-13067	17	52	access	access	NOUN
spir-13067	17	53	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	17	54	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	17	55	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	17	56	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13067	17	57	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	17	58	erga	erga	NOUN
spir-13067	17	59	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	17	60	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13067	17	61	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13067	17	62	european	european	PROPN
spir-13067	17	63	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-13067	17	64	et	et	PROPN
spir-13067	17	65	al	al	PROPN
spir-13067	17	66	.	.	PROPN
spir-13067	17	67	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	17	68	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13067	17	69	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	17	70	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	18	1	the	the	DET
spir-13067	18	2	lessons	lesson	NOUN
spir-13067	18	3	learned	learn	VERB
spir-13067	18	4	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	18	5	the	the	DET
spir-13067	18	6	code	code	NOUN
spir-13067	18	7	so	so	ADV
spir-13067	18	8	far	far	ADV
spir-13067	18	9	are	be	AUX
spir-13067	18	10	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	18	11	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13067	18	12	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	18	13	may	may	AUX
spir-13067	18	14	express	express	VERB
spir-13067	18	15	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	18	16	they	they	PRON
spir-13067	18	17	are	be	AUX
spir-13067	18	18	meeting	meet	VERB
spir-13067	18	19	their	their	PRON
spir-13067	18	20	commitments	commitment	NOUN
spir-13067	18	21	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	18	22	signatories	signatory	NOUN
spir-13067	18	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	18	24	the	the	DET
spir-13067	18	25	quality	quality	NOUN
spir-13067	18	26	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	18	27	their	their	PRON
spir-13067	18	28	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-13067	18	29	does	do	AUX
spir-13067	18	30	not	not	PART
spir-13067	18	31	always	always	ADV
spir-13067	18	32	match	match	VERB
spir-13067	18	33	expectations	expectation	NOUN
spir-13067	18	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	19	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
spir-13067	19	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	19	3	there	there	PRON
spir-13067	19	4	is	be	VERB
spir-13067	19	5	little	little	ADJ
spir-13067	19	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-13067	19	7	to	to	PART
spir-13067	19	8	suggest	suggest	VERB
spir-13067	19	9	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	19	10	the	the	DET
spir-13067	19	11	co	co	ADJ
spir-13067	19	12	-	-	ADJ
spir-13067	19	13	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
spir-13067	19	14	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-13067	19	15	envisaged	envisage	VERB
spir-13067	19	16	by	by	ADP
spir-13067	19	17	the	the	DET
spir-13067	19	18	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13067	19	19	’s	’s	ADJ
spir-13067	19	20	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-13067	19	21	services	service	NOUN
spir-13067	19	22	act	act	NOUN
spir-13067	19	23	will	will	AUX
spir-13067	19	24	improve	improve	VERB
spir-13067	19	25	this	this	DET
spir-13067	19	26	situation	situation	NOUN
spir-13067	19	27	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13067	19	28	promises	promise	NOUN
spir-13067	19	29	around	around	ADP
spir-13067	19	30	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-13067	19	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	19	32	access	access	NOUN
spir-13067	19	33	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	19	34	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	19	35	will	will	AUX
spir-13067	19	36	still	still	ADV
spir-13067	19	37	be	be	AUX
spir-13067	19	38	dependent	dependent	ADJ
spir-13067	19	39	upon	upon	SCONJ
spir-13067	19	40	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	19	41	co	co	NOUN
spir-13067	19	42	-	-	NOUN
spir-13067	19	43	operation	operation	NOUN
spir-13067	19	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	19	45	leading	lead	VERB
spir-13067	19	46	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	19	47	the	the	DET
spir-13067	19	48	danger	danger	NOUN
spir-13067	19	49	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	19	50	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	19	51	accountability	accountability	NOUN
spir-13067	19	52	theatre	theatre	NOUN
spir-13067	19	53	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	19	54	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13067	19	55	opposed	oppose	VERB
spir-13067	19	56	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	19	57	true	true	ADJ
spir-13067	19	58	accountability	accountability	NOUN
spir-13067	19	59	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	19	60	douek	douek	NOUN
spir-13067	19	61	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	19	62	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13067	19	63	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	19	64	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	20	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	20	2	rethinking	rethink	VERB
spir-13067	20	3	regulation	regulation	NOUN
spir-13067	20	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	20	5	we	we	PRON
spir-13067	20	6	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13067	20	7	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	20	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	20	9	way	way	NOUN
spir-13067	20	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	20	11	which	which	PRON
spir-13067	20	12	we	we	PRON
spir-13067	20	13	understand	understand	VERB
spir-13067	20	14	the	the	DET
spir-13067	20	15	role	role	NOUN
spir-13067	20	16	that	that	PRON
spir-13067	20	17	social	social	ADJ
spir-13067	20	18	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13067	20	19	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	20	20	play	play	VERB
spir-13067	20	21	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	20	22	both	both	CCONJ
spir-13067	20	23	the	the	DET
spir-13067	20	24	collection	collection	NOUN
spir-13067	20	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	20	26	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	20	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	20	28	the	the	DET
spir-13067	20	29	social	social	ADJ
spir-13067	20	30	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
spir-13067	20	31	that	that	PRON
spir-13067	20	32	result	result	VERB
spir-13067	20	33	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	20	34	these	these	DET
spir-13067	20	35	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	20	36	extraction	extraction	NOUN
spir-13067	20	37	processes	process	NOUN
spir-13067	20	38	needs	need	VERB
spir-13067	20	39	to	to	PART
spir-13067	20	40	be	be	AUX
spir-13067	20	41	questioned	question	VERB
spir-13067	20	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	1	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	21	2	colonialism	colonialism	PROPN
spir-13067	21	3	contends	contend	VERB
spir-13067	21	4	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	21	5	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13067	21	6	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	21	7	translate	translate	VERB
spir-13067	21	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	21	9	social	social	NOUN
spir-13067	21	10	into	into	ADP
spir-13067	21	11	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	21	12	that	that	PRON
spir-13067	21	13	can	can	AUX
spir-13067	21	14	be	be	AUX
spir-13067	21	15	mined	mine	VERB
spir-13067	21	16	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	21	17	capital	capital	NOUN
spir-13067	21	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	21	20	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	21	21	doing	do	VERB
spir-13067	21	22	so	so	ADV
spir-13067	21	23	they	they	PRON
spir-13067	21	24	reshape	reshape	VERB
spir-13067	21	25	our	our	PRON
spir-13067	21	26	social	social	ADJ
spir-13067	21	27	relations	relation	NOUN
spir-13067	21	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	29	couldry	couldry	NOUN
spir-13067	21	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	21	31	mejias	mejia	NOUN
spir-13067	21	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	33	2019b	2019b	NUM
spir-13067	21	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	36	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13067	21	37	evidenced	evidence	VERB
spir-13067	21	38	by	by	ADP
spir-13067	21	39	the	the	DET
spir-13067	21	40	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13067	21	41	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	21	42	the	the	DET
spir-13067	21	43	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	44	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	21	45	society’(van	society’(van	NOUN
spir-13067	21	46	dijck	dijck	NOUN
spir-13067	21	47	et	et	PROPN
spir-13067	21	48	al	al	PROPN
spir-13067	21	49	.	.	PROPN
spir-13067	21	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	51	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13067	21	52	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	21	53	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	22	1	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13067	22	2	it	it	PRON
spir-13067	22	3	comes	come	VERB
spir-13067	22	4	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	22	5	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	22	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	22	7	this	this	PRON
spir-13067	22	8	introduces	introduce	VERB
spir-13067	22	9	a	a	DET
spir-13067	22	10	certain	certain	ADJ
spir-13067	22	11	level	level	NOUN
spir-13067	22	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	22	13	culpability	culpability	NOUN
spir-13067	22	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	22	15	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13067	22	16	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13067	22	17	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	22	18	can	can	AUX
spir-13067	22	19	claim	claim	VERB
spir-13067	22	20	there	there	PRON
spir-13067	22	21	are	be	VERB
spir-13067	22	22	limits	limit	NOUN
spir-13067	22	23	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	22	24	the	the	DET
spir-13067	22	25	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-13067	22	26	they	they	PRON
spir-13067	22	27	can	can	AUX
spir-13067	22	28	verify	verify	VERB
spir-13067	22	29	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13067	22	30	monitor	monitor	VERB
spir-13067	22	31	all	all	DET
spir-13067	22	32	information	information	NOUN
spir-13067	22	33	posted	post	VERB
spir-13067	22	34	by	by	ADP
spir-13067	22	35	users	user	NOUN
spir-13067	22	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	22	37	incentives	incentive	VERB
spir-13067	22	38	to	to	PART
spir-13067	22	39	post	post	VERB
spir-13067	22	40	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	22	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	22	42	such	such	ADJ
spir-13067	22	43	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	22	44	making	make	VERB
spir-13067	22	45	a	a	DET
spir-13067	22	46	profit	profit	NOUN
spir-13067	22	47	through	through	ADP
spir-13067	22	48	gaining	gain	VERB
spir-13067	22	49	an	an	DET
spir-13067	22	50	audience	audience	NOUN
spir-13067	22	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	22	52	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13067	22	53	the	the	DET
spir-13067	22	54	motivation	motivation	NOUN
spir-13067	22	55	to	to	PART
spir-13067	22	56	scroll	scroll	VERB
spir-13067	22	57	a	a	DET
spir-13067	22	58	newsfeed	newsfeed	NOUN
spir-13067	22	59	to	to	PART
spir-13067	22	60	consume	consume	VERB
spir-13067	22	61	news	news	NOUN
spir-13067	22	62	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	22	63	exist	exist	VERB
spir-13067	22	64	because	because	SCONJ
spir-13067	22	65	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	22	66	the	the	DET
spir-13067	22	67	affordances	affordance	NOUN
spir-13067	22	68	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	22	69	design	design	NOUN
spir-13067	22	70	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	22	71	a	a	DET
spir-13067	22	72	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	22	73	has	have	AUX
spir-13067	22	74	encouraged	encourage	VERB
spir-13067	22	75	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	22	76	part	part	NOUN
spir-13067	22	77	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	22	78	its	its	PRON
spir-13067	22	79	data	data	NOUN
spir-13067	22	80	extraction	extraction	NOUN
spir-13067	22	81	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-13067	22	82	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	23	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13067	23	2	we	we	PRON
spir-13067	23	3	have	have	AUX
spir-13067	23	4	found	find	VERB
spir-13067	23	5	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	23	6	our	our	PRON
spir-13067	23	7	own	own	ADJ
spir-13067	23	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13067	23	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	23	10	the	the	DET
spir-13067	23	11	performance	performance	NOUN
spir-13067	23	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	23	13	corporate	corporate	ADJ
spir-13067	23	14	responsibility	responsibility	NOUN
spir-13067	23	15	often	often	ADV
spir-13067	23	16	clouds	cloud	VERB
spir-13067	23	17	the	the	DET
spir-13067	23	18	quality	quality	NOUN
spir-13067	23	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	23	20	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-13067	23	21	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13067	23	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	24	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13067	24	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13067	24	3	particularly	particularly	ADV
spir-13067	24	4	true	true	ADJ
spir-13067	24	5	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	24	6	researcher	researcher	NOUN
spir-13067	24	7	access	access	NOUN
spir-13067	24	8	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	24	9	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	24	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	24	11	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13067	24	12	such	such	ADJ
spir-13067	24	13	access	access	NOUN
spir-13067	24	14	may	may	AUX
spir-13067	24	15	uncover	uncover	VERB
spir-13067	24	16	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13067	24	17	which	which	PRON
spir-13067	24	18	harm	harm	VERB
spir-13067	24	19	a	a	DET
spir-13067	24	20	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	24	21	’s	’s	PART
spir-13067	24	22	public	public	ADJ
spir-13067	24	23	image	image	NOUN
spir-13067	24	24	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	24	25	roose	roose	NOUN
spir-13067	24	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	24	27	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13067	24	28	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	24	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	1	however	however	ADV
spir-13067	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	3	the	the	DET
spir-13067	25	4	idea	idea	NOUN
spir-13067	25	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	25	6	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	25	7	can	can	AUX
spir-13067	25	8	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13067	25	9	should	should	AUX
spir-13067	25	10	control	control	VERB
spir-13067	25	11	access	access	NOUN
spir-13067	25	12	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	25	13	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-13067	25	14	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	25	15	based	base	VERB
spir-13067	25	16	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	25	17	their	their	PRON
spir-13067	25	18	corporate	corporate	ADJ
spir-13067	25	19	interests	interest	NOUN
spir-13067	25	20	is	be	AUX
spir-13067	25	21	rooted	root	VERB
spir-13067	25	22	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	25	23	a	a	DET
spir-13067	25	24	belief	belief	NOUN
spir-13067	25	25	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	25	26	user	user	NOUN
spir-13067	25	27	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	25	28	itself	itself	PRON
spir-13067	25	29	is	be	AUX
spir-13067	25	30	a	a	DET
spir-13067	25	31	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	32	replenishable	replenishable	ADJ
spir-13067	25	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	34	inexhaustible	inexhaustible	ADJ
spir-13067	25	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	36	owner	owner	NOUN
spir-13067	25	37	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	38	less	less	ADJ
spir-13067	25	39	resource	resource	NOUN
spir-13067	25	40	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	41	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13067	25	42	a	a	DET
spir-13067	25	43	raw	raw	ADJ
spir-13067	25	44	material	material	NOUN
spir-13067	25	45	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	46	couldry	couldry	NOUN
spir-13067	25	47	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	25	48	mejias	mejia	NOUN
spir-13067	25	49	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	50	2019a	2019a	NUM
spir-13067	25	51	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	52	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	25	53	that	that	DET
spir-13067	25	54	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	25	55	do	do	VERB
spir-13067	25	56	the	the	DET
spir-13067	25	57	work	work	NOUN
spir-13067	25	58	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	25	59	extracting	extract	VERB
spir-13067	25	60	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	25	61	processing	processing	NOUN
spir-13067	25	62	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	25	63	profiting	profit	VERB
spir-13067	25	64	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	25	65	that	that	PRON
spir-13067	25	66	which	which	PRON
spir-13067	25	67	is	be	AUX
spir-13067	25	68	freely	freely	ADV
spir-13067	25	69	available	available	ADJ
spir-13067	25	70	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	1	a	a	DET
spir-13067	26	2	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13067	26	3	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13067	26	4	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	26	5	this	this	PRON
spir-13067	26	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	7	calls	call	VERB
spir-13067	26	8	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	26	9	truly	truly	ADV
spir-13067	26	10	transparent	transparent	ADJ
spir-13067	26	11	access	access	NOUN
spir-13067	26	12	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	26	13	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	26	14	based	base	VERB
spir-13067	26	15	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	26	16	the	the	DET
spir-13067	26	17	idea	idea	NOUN
spir-13067	26	18	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	26	19	what	what	PRON
spir-13067	26	20	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	26	21	hold	hold	VERB
spir-13067	26	22	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13067	26	23	property	property	NOUN
spir-13067	26	24	is	be	AUX
spir-13067	26	25	based	base	VERB
spir-13067	26	26	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	26	27	a	a	DET
spir-13067	26	28	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	29	commercially	commercially	ADV
spir-13067	26	30	motivated	motivated	ADJ
spir-13067	26	31	form	form	NOUN
spir-13067	26	32	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	26	33	extraction	extraction	NOUN
spir-13067	26	34	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	35	rather	rather	ADV
spir-13067	26	36	than	than	ADP
spir-13067	26	37	a	a	DET
spir-13067	26	38	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	39	naturally	naturally	ADV
spir-13067	26	40	occurring	occur	VERB
spir-13067	26	41	form	form	NOUN
spir-13067	26	42	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	26	43	social	social	ADJ
spir-13067	26	44	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-13067	26	45	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	46	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	47	couldry	couldry	NOUN
spir-13067	26	48	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	26	49	mejias	mejia	NOUN
spir-13067	26	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	51	2019b	2019b	NUM
spir-13067	26	52	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	26	53	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	27	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13067	27	2	evelyn	evelyn	PROPN
spir-13067	27	3	douek	douek	PROPN
spir-13067	27	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	27	5	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13067	27	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	27	7	has	have	AUX
spir-13067	27	8	argued	argue	VERB
spir-13067	27	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	27	10	there	there	PRON
spir-13067	27	11	is	be	VERB
spir-13067	27	12	a	a	DET
spir-13067	27	13	need	need	NOUN
spir-13067	27	14	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	27	15	a	a	DET
spir-13067	27	16	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	27	17	second	second	ADJ
spir-13067	27	18	wave	wave	NOUN
spir-13067	27	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	27	20	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
spir-13067	27	21	thinking	thinking	NOUN
spir-13067	27	22	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13067	27	23	that	that	PRON
spir-13067	27	24	moves	move	VERB
spir-13067	27	25	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13067	27	26	ambiguous	ambiguous	ADJ
spir-13067	27	27	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	27	28	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-13067	27	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	27	30	vague	vague	ADJ
spir-13067	27	31	definitions	definition	NOUN
spir-13067	27	32	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	27	33	harm	harm	NOUN
spir-13067	27	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	27	35	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-13067	27	36	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13067	27	37	which	which	PRON
spir-13067	27	38	offer	offer	VERB
spir-13067	27	39	little	little	ADJ
spir-13067	27	40	insight	insight	NOUN
spir-13067	27	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	28	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13067	28	2	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13067	28	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	28	4	european	european	ADJ
spir-13067	28	5	debates	debate	NOUN
spir-13067	28	6	about	about	ADP
spir-13067	28	7	regulating	regulate	VERB
spir-13067	28	8	online	online	ADJ
spir-13067	28	9	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	28	10	need	need	VERB
spir-13067	28	11	to	to	PART
spir-13067	28	12	be	be	AUX
spir-13067	28	13	set	set	VERB
spir-13067	28	14	against	against	ADP
spir-13067	28	15	a	a	DET
spir-13067	28	16	broader	broad	ADJ
spir-13067	28	17	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13067	28	18	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	28	19	regulating	regulate	VERB
spir-13067	28	20	the	the	DET
spir-13067	28	21	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13067	28	22	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-13067	28	23	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	28	24	a	a	DET
spir-13067	28	25	public	public	ADJ
spir-13067	28	26	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13067	28	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	29	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13067	29	2	busch	busch	PROPN
spir-13067	29	3	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13067	29	4	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13067	29	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13067	29	6	writes	write	VERB
spir-13067	29	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	29	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	29	9	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
spir-13067	29	10	has	have	AUX
spir-13067	29	11	revealed	reveal	VERB
spir-13067	29	12	the	the	DET
spir-13067	29	13	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-13067	29	14	to	to	PART
spir-13067	29	15	which	which	PRON
spir-13067	29	16	certain	certain	ADJ
spir-13067	29	17	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	29	18	act	act	VERB
spir-13067	29	19	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	29	20	systemic	systemic	ADJ
spir-13067	29	21	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13067	29	22	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	29	23	areas	area	NOUN
spir-13067	29	24	such	such	ADJ
spir-13067	29	25	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	29	26	education	education	NOUN
spir-13067	29	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	29	28	healthcare	healthcare	NOUN
spir-13067	29	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	29	30	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13067	29	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	29	32	concluding	conclude	VERB
spir-13067	29	33	that	that	PRON
spir-13067	29	34	regulation	regulation	NOUN
spir-13067	29	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	29	36	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	29	37	should	should	AUX
spir-13067	29	38	move	move	VERB
spir-13067	29	39	towards	towards	ADP
spir-13067	29	40	a	a	DET
spir-13067	29	41	public	public	ADJ
spir-13067	29	42	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13067	29	43	based	base	VERB
spir-13067	29	44	regulation	regulation	NOUN
spir-13067	29	45	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	29	46	which	which	PRON
spir-13067	29	47	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	29	48	are	be	AUX
spir-13067	29	49	obligated	obligate	VERB
spir-13067	29	50	to	to	PART
spir-13067	29	51	act	act	VERB
spir-13067	29	52	in	in	ADP
spir-13067	29	53	the	the	DET
spir-13067	29	54	public	public	ADJ
spir-13067	29	55	interest	interest	NOUN
spir-13067	29	56	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	30	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13067	30	2	believe	believe	VERB
spir-13067	30	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13067	30	4	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
spir-13067	30	5	can	can	AUX
spir-13067	30	6	achieve	achieve	VERB
spir-13067	30	7	better	well	ADJ
spir-13067	30	8	civic	civic	ADJ
spir-13067	30	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	30	10	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13067	30	11	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
spir-13067	30	12	by	by	ADP
spir-13067	30	13	focusing	focus	VERB
spir-13067	30	14	not	not	PART
spir-13067	30	15	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	30	16	a	a	DET
spir-13067	30	17	minority	minority	NOUN
spir-13067	30	18	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	30	19	large	large	ADJ
spir-13067	30	20	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	30	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	30	22	the	the	DET
spir-13067	30	23	content	content	NOUN
spir-13067	30	24	they	they	PRON
spir-13067	30	25	host	host	VERB
spir-13067	30	26	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13067	30	27	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	30	28	regulating	regulate	VERB
spir-13067	30	29	the	the	DET
spir-13067	30	30	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13067	30	31	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-13067	30	32	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	30	33	a	a	DET
spir-13067	30	34	public	public	ADJ
spir-13067	30	35	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13067	30	36	through	through	ADV
spir-13067	30	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	30	38	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	30	39	example	example	NOUN
spir-13067	30	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	30	41	robust	robust	ADJ
spir-13067	30	42	competition	competition	NOUN
spir-13067	30	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	30	44	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	30	45	portability	portability	NOUN
spir-13067	30	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	30	47	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	30	48	interoperability	interoperability	NOUN
spir-13067	30	49	rules	rule	NOUN
spir-13067	30	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	31	1	such	such	ADJ
spir-13067	31	2	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13067	31	3	have	have	VERB
spir-13067	31	4	the	the	DET
spir-13067	31	5	potential	potential	NOUN
spir-13067	31	6	to	to	PART
spir-13067	31	7	break	break	VERB
spir-13067	31	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	31	9	dominance	dominance	NOUN
spir-13067	31	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	31	11	big	big	ADJ
spir-13067	31	12	tech	tech	NOUN
spir-13067	31	13	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13067	31	14	incentivising	incentivise	VERB
spir-13067	31	15	better	well	ADJ
spir-13067	31	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	31	17	new	new	ADJ
spir-13067	31	18	services	service	NOUN
spir-13067	31	19	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	31	20	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13067	31	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	32	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13067	32	2	busch	busch	PROPN
spir-13067	32	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	32	4	c.	c.	NOUN
spir-13067	32	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	32	6	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13067	32	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	33	1	regulation	regulation	NOUN
spir-13067	33	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	33	3	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13067	33	4	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	33	5	as	as	ADP
spir-13067	33	6	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13067	33	7	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	33	8	services	service	NOUN
spir-13067	33	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	33	10	general	general	ADJ
spir-13067	33	11	interest	interest	NOUN
spir-13067	33	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	34	1	wiso	wiso	NOUN
spir-13067	34	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13067	34	3	diskurs	diskurs	PROPN
spir-13067	34	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	35	1	couldry	couldry	PROPN
spir-13067	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	35	3	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-13067	35	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	35	5	mejias	mejias	PROPN
spir-13067	35	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	35	7	u.a	u.a	PROPN
spir-13067	35	8	.	.	PROPN
spir-13067	35	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	35	10	2019a	2019a	NUM
spir-13067	35	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	36	1	making	make	VERB
spir-13067	36	2	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	36	3	colonialism	colonialism	NOUN
spir-13067	36	4	liveable	liveable	ADJ
spir-13067	36	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	36	6	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13067	36	7	might	might	AUX
spir-13067	36	8	data	data	PROPN
spir-13067	36	9	’s	’s	PART
spir-13067	36	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-13067	36	11	order	order	NOUN
spir-13067	36	12	be	be	AUX
spir-13067	36	13	regulated	regulate	VERB
spir-13067	36	14	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13067	37	1	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13067	37	2	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13067	37	3	rev	rev	VERB
spir-13067	37	4	.	.	PROPN
spir-13067	37	5	8	8	NUM
spir-13067	37	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	38	1	https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.2.1411	https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.2.1411	NOUN
spir-13067	38	2	couldry	couldry	NOUN
spir-13067	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	38	4	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13067	38	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	38	6	mejias	mejias	PROPN
spir-13067	38	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	38	8	u.a	u.a	PROPN
spir-13067	38	9	.	.	PROPN
spir-13067	38	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	38	11	2019b	2019b	NUM
spir-13067	38	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	39	1	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	39	2	colonialism	colonialism	NOUN
spir-13067	39	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	39	4	rethinking	rethink	VERB
spir-13067	39	5	big	big	ADJ
spir-13067	39	6	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	39	7	’s	’s	PART
spir-13067	39	8	relation	relation	NOUN
spir-13067	39	9	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	39	10	the	the	DET
spir-13067	39	11	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
spir-13067	39	12	subject	subject	NOUN
spir-13067	39	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	40	1	telev	telev	NOUN
spir-13067	40	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	41	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-13067	41	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13067	41	3	20	20	NUM
spir-13067	41	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	41	5	336–349	336–349	NUM
spir-13067	41	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	42	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476418796632	https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476418796632	NOUN
spir-13067	42	2	douek	douek	PROPN
spir-13067	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	42	4	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13067	42	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	42	6	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13067	42	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	43	1	second	second	ADJ
spir-13067	43	2	wave	wave	NOUN
spir-13067	43	3	content	content	NOUN
spir-13067	43	4	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13067	43	5	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-13067	43	6	design	design	NOUN
spir-13067	43	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	43	8	from	from	ADP
spir-13067	43	9	rights	right	NOUN
spir-13067	43	10	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	43	11	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
spir-13067	43	12	thinking	thinking	NOUN
spir-13067	43	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	44	1	ssrn	ssrn	PROPN
spir-13067	44	2	electron	electron	PROPN
spir-13067	44	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	45	1	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13067	45	2	https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4005326	https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4005326	NOUN
spir-13067	45	3	erga	erga	NOUN
spir-13067	45	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	45	5	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13067	45	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	46	1	erga	erga	NOUN
spir-13067	46	2	report	report	NOUN
spir-13067	46	3	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	46	4	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	46	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	46	6	asessment	asessment	NOUN
spir-13067	46	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	46	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	46	9	implementation	implementation	NOUN
spir-13067	46	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	46	11	the	the	DET
spir-13067	46	12	code	code	NOUN
spir-13067	46	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	46	14	practice	practice	NOUN
spir-13067	46	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	47	1	european	european	PROPN
spir-13067	47	2	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-13067	47	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	47	4	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13067	47	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	48	1	joint	joint	ADJ
spir-13067	48	2	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13067	48	3	to	to	ADP
spir-13067	48	4	the	the	DET
spir-13067	48	5	european	european	ADJ
spir-13067	48	6	parliament	parliament	NOUN
spir-13067	48	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	48	8	the	the	DET
spir-13067	48	9	european	european	PROPN
spir-13067	48	10	council	council	PROPN
spir-13067	48	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	48	12	the	the	DET
spir-13067	48	13	council	council	NOUN
spir-13067	48	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	48	15	the	the	DET
spir-13067	48	16	european	european	ADJ
spir-13067	48	17	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13067	48	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	48	19	social	social	ADJ
spir-13067	48	20	committee	committee	NOUN
spir-13067	48	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	48	22	the	the	DET
spir-13067	48	23	committee	committee	NOUN
spir-13067	48	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	48	25	the	the	DET
spir-13067	48	26	regions	region	NOUN
spir-13067	48	27	tackling	tackle	VERB
spir-13067	48	28	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-13067	48	29	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	48	30	getting	get	VERB
spir-13067	48	31	the	the	DET
spir-13067	48	32	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-13067	48	33	right	right	ADJ
spir-13067	48	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	49	1	european	european	PROPN
spir-13067	49	2	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-13067	49	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	49	4	directorate	directorate	ADJ
spir-13067	49	5	general	general	NOUN
spir-13067	49	6	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	49	7	communications	communication	NOUN
spir-13067	49	8	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13067	49	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	49	10	content	content	NOUN
spir-13067	49	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13067	49	12	technology	technology	NOUN
spir-13067	49	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	49	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	49	15	vva	vva	PROPN
spir-13067	49	16	.	.	PROPN
spir-13067	49	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	49	18	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13067	49	19	disinfolab	disinfolab	PROPN
spir-13067	49	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	49	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	49	22	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13067	49	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	50	1	study	study	NOUN
spir-13067	50	2	for	for	ADP
spir-13067	50	3	the	the	DET
spir-13067	50	4	assessment	assessment	NOUN
spir-13067	50	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	50	6	the	the	DET
spir-13067	50	7	implementation	implementation	NOUN
spir-13067	50	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	50	9	the	the	DET
spir-13067	50	10	code	code	NOUN
spir-13067	50	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13067	50	12	practice	practice	NOUN
spir-13067	50	13	on	on	ADP
spir-13067	50	14	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13067	50	15	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13067	50	16	final	final	ADJ
spir-13067	50	17	report	report	NOUN
spir-13067	50	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	51	1	publications	publication	NOUN
spir-13067	51	2	office	office	PROPN
spir-13067	51	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	51	4	lu	lu	PROPN
spir-13067	51	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	51	6	roose	roose	PROPN
spir-13067	51	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	51	8	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13067	51	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	51	10	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13067	51	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	52	1	inside	inside	PROPN
spir-13067	52	2	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13067	52	3	’s	’s	PART
spir-13067	52	4	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13067	52	5	wars	war	NOUN
spir-13067	52	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	53	1	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-13067	53	2	y.	y.	PROPN
spir-13067	53	3	times	times	PROPN
spir-13067	53	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	54	1	van	van	PROPN
spir-13067	54	2	dijck	dijck	PROPN
spir-13067	54	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	54	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13067	54	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	54	6	poell	poell	NOUN
spir-13067	54	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	54	8	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13067	54	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	54	10	de	de	PROPN
spir-13067	54	11	waal	waal	PROPN
spir-13067	54	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	54	13	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13067	54	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13067	54	15	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13067	54	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	55	1	the	the	DET
spir-13067	55	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13067	55	3	society	society	NOUN
spir-13067	55	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	56	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-13067	56	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-13067	56	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13067	56	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13067	56	5	https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.001.0001	https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.001.0001	PROPN