id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-13413	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-13413	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-13413	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-13413	1	5	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13413	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-13413	1	8	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13413	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13413	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13413	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-13413	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-13413	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13413	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13413	1	17	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13413	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	19	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13413	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	21	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13413	1	22	/	/	SYM
spir-13413	1	23	18	18	NUM
spir-13413	1	24	-	-	SYM
spir-13413	1	25	21	21	NUM
spir-13413	1	26	oct	oct	PROPN
spir-13413	1	27	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13413	1	28	alves	alve	NOUN
spir-13413	1	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	30	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13413	1	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	32	d’andrea	d’andrea	PROPN
spir-13413	1	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	34	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13413	1	35	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	36	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13413	1	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	38	october	october	PROPN
spir-13413	1	39	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	1	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	2	1	the	the	DET
spir-13413	2	2	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-13413	2	3	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	2	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	2	5	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	2	6	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	2	7	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13413	2	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	2	9	analyzing	analyze	VERB
spir-13413	2	10	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	2	11	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	2	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	2	13	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-13413	2	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	3	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13413	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-13413	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-13413	3	4	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13413	3	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	3	6	the	the	DET
spir-13413	3	7	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13413	3	8	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13413	3	9	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13413	3	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	3	11	the	the	DET
spir-13413	3	12	association	association	NOUN
spir-13413	3	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	3	14	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13413	3	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13413	3	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	4	1	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13413	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	4	3	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13413	4	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	4	5	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13413	4	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	4	7	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-13413	4	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	4	9	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-13413	4	10	from	from	ADP
spir-13413	4	11	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-13413	4	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	5	1	the	the	DET
spir-13413	5	2	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-13413	5	3	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	5	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	5	5	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	5	6	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	5	7	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13413	5	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	5	9	analyzing	analyze	VERB
spir-13413	5	10	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	5	11	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	5	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	5	13	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-13413	5	14	marcelo	marcelo	PROPN
spir-13413	5	15	alves	alves	PROPN
spir-13413	5	16	pontifical	pontifical	PROPN
spir-13413	5	17	catholic	catholic	PROPN
spir-13413	5	18	university	university	PROPN
spir-13413	5	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	5	20	rio	rio	PROPN
spir-13413	5	21	de	de	PROPN
spir-13413	5	22	janeiro	janeiro	PROPN
spir-13413	5	23	carlos	carlos	PROPN
spir-13413	5	24	d’andrea	d’andrea	PROPN
spir-13413	5	25	federal	federal	PROPN
spir-13413	5	26	university	university	PROPN
spir-13413	5	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	5	28	minas	minas	PROPN
spir-13413	5	29	gerais	gerais	PROPN
spir-13413	5	30	the	the	DET
spir-13413	5	31	informational	informational	ADJ
spir-13413	5	32	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-13413	5	33	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	5	34	sprawls	sprawl	VERB
spir-13413	5	35	through	through	ADP
spir-13413	5	36	multiple	multiple	ADJ
spir-13413	5	37	state	state	NOUN
spir-13413	5	38	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	5	39	nations	nation	NOUN
spir-13413	5	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	5	41	exacerbated	exacerbate	VERB
spir-13413	5	42	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	5	43	violent	violent	ADJ
spir-13413	5	44	uprisings	uprising	NOUN
spir-13413	5	45	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	5	46	coup	coup	NOUN
spir-13413	5	47	attempts	attempt	NOUN
spir-13413	5	48	such	such	ADJ
spir-13413	5	49	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	5	50	the	the	DET
spir-13413	5	51	us	us	PROPN
spir-13413	5	52	capitol	capitol	NOUN
spir-13413	5	53	storm	storm	NOUN
spir-13413	5	54	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	5	55	january	january	PROPN
spir-13413	5	56	6th	6th	NOUN
spir-13413	5	57	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	5	58	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13413	5	59	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	5	60	the	the	DET
spir-13413	5	61	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
spir-13413	5	62	coup	coup	NOUN
spir-13413	5	63	attempt	attempt	NOUN
spir-13413	5	64	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	5	65	january	january	PROPN
spir-13413	5	66	8th	8th	NOUN
spir-13413	5	67	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	5	68	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13413	5	69	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	5	70	has	have	AUX
spir-13413	5	71	shed	shed	VERB
spir-13413	5	72	new	new	ADJ
spir-13413	5	73	light	light	NOUN
spir-13413	5	74	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	5	75	the	the	DET
spir-13413	5	76	political	political	ADJ
spir-13413	5	77	economy	economy	NOUN
spir-13413	5	78	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	5	79	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	5	80	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	5	81	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	6	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	6	2	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-13413	6	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	6	4	it	it	PRON
spir-13413	6	5	brings	bring	VERB
spir-13413	6	6	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	6	7	the	the	DET
spir-13413	6	8	forefront	forefront	NOUN
spir-13413	6	9	the	the	DET
spir-13413	6	10	problem	problem	NOUN
spir-13413	6	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	6	12	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13413	6	13	incentives	incentive	NOUN
spir-13413	6	14	for	for	ADP
spir-13413	6	15	creating	create	VERB
spir-13413	6	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	6	17	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-13413	6	18	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	6	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	7	1	this	this	DET
spir-13413	7	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13413	7	3	builds	build	VERB
spir-13413	7	4	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	7	5	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13413	7	6	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	7	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	7	8	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	7	9	research	research	NOUN
spir-13413	7	10	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13413	7	11	for	for	ADP
spir-13413	7	12	analyzing	analyze	VERB
spir-13413	7	13	the	the	DET
spir-13413	7	14	multilateral	multilateral	ADJ
spir-13413	7	15	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-13413	7	16	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	7	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	7	18	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	7	19	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	7	20	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13413	7	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	8	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13413	8	2	governing	govern	VERB
spir-13413	8	3	the	the	DET
spir-13413	8	4	technoeconomics	technoeconomic	NOUN
spir-13413	8	5	conditions	condition	NOUN
spir-13413	8	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	8	7	a	a	DET
spir-13413	8	8	real	real	ADJ
spir-13413	8	9	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	8	10	time	time	NOUN
spir-13413	8	11	bidding	bidding	NOUN
spir-13413	8	12	process	process	NOUN
spir-13413	8	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	8	14	this	this	DET
spir-13413	8	15	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-13413	8	16	monetizes	monetize	VERB
spir-13413	8	17	different	different	ADJ
spir-13413	8	18	kinds	kind	NOUN
spir-13413	8	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	8	20	publishers	publisher	NOUN
spir-13413	8	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	8	22	including	include	VERB
spir-13413	8	23	those	those	PRON
spir-13413	8	24	aimed	aim	VERB
spir-13413	8	25	at	at	ADP
spir-13413	8	26	maximizing	maximize	VERB
spir-13413	8	27	profits	profit	NOUN
spir-13413	8	28	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	8	29	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-13413	8	30	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	8	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	9	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	9	2	scrutinizing	scrutinize	VERB
spir-13413	9	3	the	the	DET
spir-13413	9	4	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	9	5	relations	relation	NOUN
spir-13413	9	6	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	9	7	interconnect	interconnect	VERB
spir-13413	9	8	different	different	ADJ
spir-13413	9	9	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	9	10	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-13413	9	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	9	12	the	the	DET
spir-13413	9	13	publisher	publisher	NOUN
spir-13413	9	14	terra	terra	VERB
spir-13413	9	15	brasil	brasil	PROPN
spir-13413	9	16	noticias	noticia	NOUN
spir-13413	9	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	9	18	this	this	DET
spir-13413	9	19	study	study	NOUN
spir-13413	9	20	seeks	seek	VERB
spir-13413	9	21	to	to	PART
spir-13413	9	22	delineate	delineate	VERB
spir-13413	9	23	part	part	NOUN
spir-13413	9	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	9	25	the	the	DET
spir-13413	9	26	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	9	27	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	9	28	provide	provide	VERB
spir-13413	9	29	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13413	9	30	resources	resource	NOUN
spir-13413	9	31	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	9	32	the	the	DET
spir-13413	9	33	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
spir-13413	9	34	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	9	35	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	9	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13413	10	2	also	also	ADV
spir-13413	10	3	aim	aim	VERB
spir-13413	10	4	to	to	PART
spir-13413	10	5	contribute	contribute	VERB
spir-13413	10	6	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	10	7	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-13413	10	8	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	9	building	building	NOUN
spir-13413	10	10	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-13413	10	11	developing	develop	VERB
spir-13413	10	12	a	a	DET
spir-13413	10	13	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
spir-13413	10	14	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-13413	10	15	for	for	ADP
spir-13413	10	16	studying	study	VERB
spir-13413	10	17	the	the	DET
spir-13413	10	18	both	both	CCONJ
spir-13413	10	19	hierarchical	hierarchical	ADJ
spir-13413	10	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	10	21	relational	relational	ADJ
spir-13413	10	22	configurations	configuration	NOUN
spir-13413	10	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	10	24	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	10	25	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	10	26	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	10	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	28	here	here	ADV
spir-13413	10	29	understood	understand	VERB
spir-13413	10	30	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	10	31	sociotechnical	sociotechnical	ADJ
spir-13413	10	32	assemblages	assemblage	NOUN
spir-13413	10	33	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	10	34	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-13413	10	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	36	norms	norm	NOUN
spir-13413	10	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	38	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-13413	10	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	40	business	business	NOUN
spir-13413	10	41	logics	logic	NOUN
spir-13413	10	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	43	software	software	NOUN
spir-13413	10	44	code	code	NOUN
spir-13413	10	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	46	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
spir-13413	10	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	10	48	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	10	49	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13413	10	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	11	1	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	11	2	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13413	11	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	11	4	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	11	5	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	11	6	previous	previous	ADJ
spir-13413	11	7	research	research	NOUN
spir-13413	11	8	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	11	9	the	the	DET
spir-13413	11	10	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	11	11	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	11	12	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-13413	11	13	advanced	advance	VERB
spir-13413	11	14	the	the	DET
spir-13413	11	15	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
spir-13413	11	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	11	17	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	11	18	this	this	DET
spir-13413	11	19	model	model	NOUN
spir-13413	11	20	contributes	contribute	VERB
spir-13413	11	21	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	11	22	the	the	DET
spir-13413	11	23	plummeting	plummeting	NOUN
spir-13413	11	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	11	25	professional	professional	ADJ
spir-13413	11	26	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13413	11	27	revenue	revenue	NOUN
spir-13413	11	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	11	29	couldry	couldry	PROPN
spir-13413	11	30	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	11	31	turow	turow	PROPN
spir-13413	11	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	11	33	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13413	11	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	11	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	1	historical	historical	ADJ
spir-13413	12	2	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
spir-13413	12	3	also	also	ADV
spir-13413	12	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
spir-13413	12	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	12	6	the	the	DET
spir-13413	12	7	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	12	8	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	12	9	perceived	perceive	VERB
spir-13413	12	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	12	11	adapted	adapt	VERB
spir-13413	12	12	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	12	13	the	the	DET
spir-13413	12	14	fast	fast	ADJ
spir-13413	12	15	growing	grow	VERB
spir-13413	12	16	model	model	NOUN
spir-13413	12	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	12	18	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13413	12	19	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	12	20	constructed	construct	VERB
spir-13413	12	21	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	12	22	google	google	PROPN
spir-13413	12	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	12	24	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	12	25	this	this	PRON
spir-13413	12	26	shaped	shape	VERB
spir-13413	12	27	the	the	DET
spir-13413	12	28	social	social	ADJ
spir-13413	12	29	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	30	materialities	materiality	NOUN
spir-13413	12	31	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	12	32	the	the	DET
spir-13413	12	33	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13413	12	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	35	crain	crain	NOUN
spir-13413	12	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	37	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13413	12	38	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	39	mcguigan	mcguigan	PROPN
spir-13413	12	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	41	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13413	12	42	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	43	turow	turow	NUM
spir-13413	12	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	45	2012	2012	NUM
spir-13413	12	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	12	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	1	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-13413	13	2	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13413	13	3	refocused	refocus	VERB
spir-13413	13	4	the	the	DET
spir-13413	13	5	issue	issue	NOUN
spir-13413	13	6	through	through	ADP
spir-13413	13	7	the	the	DET
spir-13413	13	8	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13413	13	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	13	10	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN
spir-13413	13	11	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
spir-13413	13	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	13	zuboff	zuboff	NOUN
spir-13413	13	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	15	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13413	13	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	18	predatory	predatory	ADJ
spir-13413	13	19	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	13	20	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-13413	13	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	22	o’neil	o’neil	PROPN
spir-13413	13	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	24	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13413	13	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	13	27	informational	informational	ADJ
spir-13413	13	28	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-13413	13	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	30	bakir	bakir	NOUN
spir-13413	13	31	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	13	32	mcstay	mcstay	NOUN
spir-13413	13	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	34	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13413	13	35	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	13	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	14	1	the	the	DET
spir-13413	14	2	work	work	NOUN
spir-13413	14	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	14	4	braun	braun	PROPN
spir-13413	14	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	14	6	eklund	eklund	PROPN
spir-13413	14	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	14	8	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13413	14	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	14	10	provided	provide	VERB
spir-13413	14	11	an	an	DET
spir-13413	14	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	14	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	14	14	depth	depth	NOUN
spir-13413	14	15	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-13413	14	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	14	17	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	14	18	the	the	DET
spir-13413	14	19	adtech	adtech	NOUN
spir-13413	14	20	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	14	21	is	be	AUX
spir-13413	14	22	challenged	challenge	VERB
spir-13413	14	23	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	14	24	informational	informational	ADJ
spir-13413	14	25	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-13413	14	26	scandals	scandal	NOUN
spir-13413	14	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	14	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	14	29	mcstay	mcstay	NOUN
spir-13413	14	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	14	31	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13413	14	32	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	14	33	discusses	discuss	VERB
spir-13413	14	34	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	14	35	it	it	PRON
spir-13413	14	36	relates	relate	VERB
spir-13413	14	37	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	14	38	the	the	DET
spir-13413	14	39	model	model	NOUN
spir-13413	14	40	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	14	41	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-13413	14	42	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	14	43	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
spir-13413	14	44	profiling	profiling	NOUN
spir-13413	14	45	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	14	46	the	the	DET
spir-13413	14	47	audience	audience	NOUN
spir-13413	14	48	over	over	ADP
spir-13413	14	49	contextual	contextual	ADJ
spir-13413	14	50	placement	placement	NOUN
spir-13413	14	51	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13413	14	52	editorial	editorial	ADJ
spir-13413	14	53	considerations	consideration	NOUN
spir-13413	14	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	15	1	nevertheless	nevertheless	ADV
spir-13413	15	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	15	3	there	there	PRON
spir-13413	15	4	is	be	VERB
spir-13413	15	5	a	a	DET
spir-13413	15	6	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-13413	15	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	15	8	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
spir-13413	15	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	15	10	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-13413	15	11	proposals	proposal	NOUN
spir-13413	15	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	15	13	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13413	15	14	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	15	15	focus	focus	VERB
spir-13413	15	16	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	15	17	the	the	DET
spir-13413	15	18	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	15	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	15	20	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	15	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	15	22	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	15	23	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	15	24	order	order	NOUN
spir-13413	15	25	to	to	PART
spir-13413	15	26	investigate	investigate	VERB
spir-13413	15	27	the	the	DET
spir-13413	15	28	social	social	ADJ
spir-13413	15	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	15	30	material	material	ADJ
spir-13413	15	31	underpinnings	underpinning	NOUN
spir-13413	15	32	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	15	33	the	the	DET
spir-13413	15	34	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	15	35	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	15	36	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	15	37	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	15	38	relation	relation	NOUN
spir-13413	15	39	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	15	40	the	the	DET
spir-13413	15	41	informational	informational	ADJ
spir-13413	15	42	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-13413	15	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	16	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13413	16	2	draw	draw	VERB
spir-13413	16	3	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	16	4	the	the	DET
spir-13413	16	5	interfaces	interface	NOUN
spir-13413	16	6	between	between	ADP
spir-13413	16	7	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	16	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	16	9	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	16	10	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13413	16	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	16	12	plantin	plantin	PROPN
spir-13413	16	13	et	et	PROPN
spir-13413	16	14	al	al	PROPN
spir-13413	16	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	16	16	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13413	16	17	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13413	16	18	edwards	edwards	PROPN
spir-13413	16	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	16	20	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13413	16	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	16	22	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	16	23	the	the	DET
spir-13413	16	24	main	main	ADJ
spir-13413	16	25	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-13413	16	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	16	27	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
spir-13413	16	28	frameworks	framework	NOUN
spir-13413	16	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	17	1	more	more	ADV
spir-13413	17	2	specifically	specifically	ADV
spir-13413	17	3	it	it	PRON
spir-13413	17	4	builds	build	VERB
spir-13413	17	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	17	6	the	the	DET
spir-13413	17	7	notion	notion	NOUN
spir-13413	17	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	17	9	reframing	reframe	VERB
spir-13413	17	10	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	17	11	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	17	12	away	away	ADV
spir-13413	17	13	from	from	ADP
spir-13413	17	14	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13413	17	15	dominance	dominance	NOUN
spir-13413	17	16	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	17	17	the	the	DET
spir-13413	17	18	market	market	NOUN
spir-13413	17	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	17	20	towards	towards	ADP
spir-13413	17	21	a	a	DET
spir-13413	17	22	more	more	ADV
spir-13413	17	23	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
spir-13413	17	24	consideration	consideration	NOUN
spir-13413	17	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	17	26	the	the	DET
spir-13413	17	27	sociotechnical	sociotechnical	ADJ
spir-13413	17	28	reconfiguration	reconfiguration	NOUN
spir-13413	17	29	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	17	30	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13413	17	31	functions	function	NOUN
spir-13413	17	32	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	17	33	van	van	PROPN
spir-13413	17	34	dijck	dijck	NOUN
spir-13413	17	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	17	36	nieborg	nieborg	PROPN
spir-13413	17	37	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	17	38	poell	poell	PROPN
spir-13413	17	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	17	40	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13413	17	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	17	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	18	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13413	18	2	stated	state	VERB
spir-13413	18	3	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	18	4	blanke	blanke	ADJ
spir-13413	18	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	18	6	pybus	pybus	NOUN
spir-13413	18	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	18	8	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13413	18	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	18	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	18	11	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-13413	18	12	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	18	13	monopolization	monopolization	NOUN
spir-13413	18	14	demands	demand	VERB
spir-13413	18	15	a	a	DET
spir-13413	18	16	closer	close	ADJ
spir-13413	18	17	look	look	NOUN
spir-13413	18	18	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	18	19	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	18	20	its	its	PRON
spir-13413	18	21	technical	technical	ADJ
spir-13413	18	22	integration	integration	NOUN
spir-13413	18	23	creates	create	VERB
spir-13413	18	24	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13413	18	25	forms	form	NOUN
spir-13413	18	26	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	18	27	dependency	dependency	NOUN
spir-13413	18	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	18	29	competition	competition	NOUN
spir-13413	18	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	19	1	thus	thus	ADV
spir-13413	19	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	19	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13413	19	4	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13413	19	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13413	19	6	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	19	7	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	19	8	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13413	19	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	19	10	mcstay	mcstay	NOUN
spir-13413	19	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	19	12	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13413	19	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	19	14	should	should	AUX
spir-13413	19	15	be	be	AUX
spir-13413	19	16	approached	approach	VERB
spir-13413	19	17	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	19	18	a	a	DET
spir-13413	19	19	singular	singular	ADJ
spir-13413	19	20	example	example	NOUN
spir-13413	19	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	19	22	"	"	PUNCT
spir-13413	19	23	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	19	24	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	19	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	19	26	"	"	PUNCT
spir-13413	19	27	defined	define	VERB
spir-13413	19	28	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	19	29	pasquetto	pasquetto	NOUN
spir-13413	19	30	et	et	PROPN
spir-13413	19	31	al	al	PROPN
spir-13413	19	32	.	.	PROPN
spir-13413	20	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	20	2	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13413	20	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	20	4	p.26	p.26	PROPN
spir-13413	20	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	20	6	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	20	7	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13413	20	8	a	a	DET
spir-13413	20	9	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13413	20	10	-	-	ADJ
spir-13413	20	11	layered	layered	ADJ
spir-13413	20	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	20	13	relational	relational	ADJ
spir-13413	20	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	20	15	distributed	distribute	VERB
spir-13413	20	16	sociotechnical	sociotechnical	ADJ
spir-13413	20	17	entity	entity	NOUN
spir-13413	20	18	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	20	19	supports	support	VERB
spir-13413	20	20	the	the	DET
spir-13413	20	21	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
spir-13413	20	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	20	23	distribution	distribution	NOUN
spir-13413	20	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	20	25	information	information	NOUN
spir-13413	20	26	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	20	27	is	be	AUX
spir-13413	20	28	false	false	ADJ
spir-13413	20	29	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13413	20	30	misleading	misleading	ADJ
spir-13413	20	31	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13413	20	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	21	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13413	21	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13413	21	3	adds	add	VERB
spir-13413	21	4	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	21	5	this	this	DET
spir-13413	21	6	definition	definition	NOUN
spir-13413	21	7	suggesting	suggest	VERB
spir-13413	21	8	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13413	21	9	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	21	10	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13413	21	11	are	be	AUX
spir-13413	21	12	a	a	DET
spir-13413	21	13	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
spir-13413	21	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	21	15	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	21	16	fosters	foster	VERB
spir-13413	21	17	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	21	18	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	21	19	providing	provide	VERB
spir-13413	21	20	financial	financial	ADJ
spir-13413	21	21	incentives	incentive	NOUN
spir-13413	21	22	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	21	23	sustain	sustain	VERB
spir-13413	21	24	the	the	DET
spir-13413	21	25	epistemic	epistemic	ADJ
spir-13413	21	26	work	work	NOUN
spir-13413	21	27	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	21	28	these	these	DET
spir-13413	21	29	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	21	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	21	31	requiring	require	VERB
spir-13413	21	32	an	an	DET
spir-13413	21	33	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-13413	21	34	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13413	21	35	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	21	36	recognizes	recognize	VERB
spir-13413	21	37	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	21	38	their	their	PRON
spir-13413	21	39	asymmetric	asymmetric	ADJ
spir-13413	21	40	exercise	exercise	NOUN
spir-13413	21	41	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	21	42	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	21	43	is	be	AUX
spir-13413	21	44	connected	connect	VERB
spir-13413	21	45	with	with	ADP
spir-13413	21	46	the	the	DET
spir-13413	21	47	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13413	21	48	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	21	49	a	a	DET
spir-13413	21	50	distributed	distribute	VERB
spir-13413	21	51	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	21	52	interconnected	interconnected	ADJ
spir-13413	21	53	range	range	NOUN
spir-13413	21	54	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	21	55	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13413	21	56	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	21	57	such	such	ADJ
spir-13413	21	58	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	21	59	publishers	publisher	NOUN
spir-13413	21	60	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	21	61	advertisers	advertiser	NOUN
spir-13413	21	62	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	21	63	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13413	21	64	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	21	65	legislators	legislator	NOUN
spir-13413	21	66	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	21	67	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	22	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13413	22	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-13413	22	3	questions	question	NOUN
spir-13413	22	4	are	be	AUX
spir-13413	22	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	22	6	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	22	7	is	be	AUX
spir-13413	22	8	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	22	9	exercised	exercise	VERB
spir-13413	22	10	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	22	11	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	22	12	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	22	13	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	22	14	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13413	22	15	managing	manage	VERB
spir-13413	22	16	its	its	PRON
spir-13413	22	17	multilateral	multilateral	ADJ
spir-13413	22	18	relationships	relationship	NOUN
spir-13413	22	19	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13413	23	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	23	2	terms	term	NOUN
spir-13413	23	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	23	4	technicities	technicitie	NOUN
spir-13413	23	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	23	6	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13413	23	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	23	8	business	business	NOUN
spir-13413	23	9	models	model	NOUN
spir-13413	23	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	23	11	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	23	12	does	do	AUX
spir-13413	23	13	these	these	DET
spir-13413	23	14	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	23	15	enable	enable	VERB
spir-13413	23	16	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13413	23	17	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
spir-13413	23	18	desinformation	desinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	23	19	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-13413	23	20	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13413	24	1	method	method	NOUN
spir-13413	24	2	these	these	DET
spir-13413	24	3	research	research	NOUN
spir-13413	24	4	questions	question	NOUN
spir-13413	24	5	are	be	AUX
spir-13413	24	6	discussed	discuss	VERB
spir-13413	24	7	based	base	VERB
spir-13413	24	8	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	24	9	an	an	DET
spir-13413	24	10	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13413	24	11	study	study	NOUN
spir-13413	24	12	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	24	13	the	the	DET
spir-13413	24	14	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	24	15	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	24	16	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	24	17	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	24	18	monetize	monetize	VERB
spir-13413	24	19	the	the	DET
spir-13413	24	20	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
spir-13413	24	21	website	website	NOUN
spir-13413	24	22	terra	terra	PROPN
spir-13413	24	23	brasil	brasil	PROPN
spir-13413	24	24	notícias	notícias	PROPN
spir-13413	24	25	focused	focus	VERB
spir-13413	24	26	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	24	27	the	the	DET
spir-13413	24	28	elections	election	NOUN
spir-13413	24	29	period	period	NOUN
spir-13413	24	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	24	31	october	october	PROPN
spir-13413	24	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	24	33	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13413	24	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	24	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	1	displaying	display	VERB
spir-13413	25	2	the	the	DET
spir-13413	25	3	slogan	slogan	NOUN
spir-13413	25	4	"	"	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	5	god	god	PROPN
spir-13413	25	6	above	above	ADP
spir-13413	25	7	everything	everything	PRON
spir-13413	25	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	25	9	all	all	PRON
spir-13413	25	10	"	"	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	11	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	25	12	its	its	PRON
spir-13413	25	13	12	12	NUM
spir-13413	25	14	million	million	NUM
spir-13413	25	15	monthly	monthly	ADJ
spir-13413	25	16	visitors	visitor	NOUN
spir-13413	25	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	18	according	accord	VERB
spir-13413	25	19	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	25	20	similarweb	similarweb	NOUN
spir-13413	25	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	23	this	this	DET
spir-13413	25	24	publisher	publisher	NOUN
spir-13413	25	25	was	be	AUX
spir-13413	25	26	the	the	DET
spir-13413	25	27	most	most	ADV
spir-13413	25	28	shared	share	VERB
spir-13413	25	29	among	among	ADP
spir-13413	25	30	the	the	DET
spir-13413	25	31	extreme	extreme	ADJ
spir-13413	25	32	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	33	right	right	NOUN
spir-13413	25	34	leader	leader	NOUN
spir-13413	25	35	jair	jair	PROPN
spir-13413	25	36	messias	messias	PROPN
spir-13413	25	37	bolsonaro	bolsonaro	VERB
spir-13413	25	38	supporters	supporter	NOUN
spir-13413	25	39	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	25	40	telegram	telegram	NOUN
spir-13413	25	41	groups	group	NOUN
spir-13413	25	42	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	43	mello	mello	PROPN
spir-13413	25	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	45	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13413	25	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	25	47	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	25	48	was	be	AUX
spir-13413	25	49	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
spir-13413	25	50	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	25	51	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-13413	25	52	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	25	53	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	25	54	fueled	fuel	VERB
spir-13413	25	55	distrust	distrust	NOUN
spir-13413	25	56	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	25	57	the	the	DET
spir-13413	25	58	electoral	electoral	ADJ
spir-13413	25	59	process	process	NOUN
spir-13413	25	60	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	25	61	triggered	trigger	VERB
spir-13413	25	62	antidemocratic	antidemocratic	ADJ
spir-13413	25	63	insurrections	insurrection	NOUN
spir-13413	25	64	against	against	ADP
spir-13413	25	65	the	the	DET
spir-13413	25	66	result	result	NOUN
spir-13413	25	67	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	25	68	the	the	DET
spir-13413	25	69	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13413	25	70	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
spir-13413	25	71	presidential	presidential	ADJ
spir-13413	25	72	election	election	NOUN
spir-13413	25	73	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	26	1	this	this	DET
spir-13413	26	2	case	case	NOUN
spir-13413	26	3	study	study	NOUN
spir-13413	26	4	draws	draw	VERB
spir-13413	26	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	26	6	a	a	DET
spir-13413	26	7	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13413	26	8	-	-	ADJ
spir-13413	26	9	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-13413	26	10	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13413	26	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	26	12	combining	combine	VERB
spir-13413	26	13	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13413	26	14	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13413	26	15	research	research	NOUN
spir-13413	26	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	26	17	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13413	26	18	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13413	26	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	26	20	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	26	21	documents	document	NOUN
spir-13413	26	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	27	1	the	the	DET
spir-13413	27	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13413	27	3	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13413	27	4	obtained	obtain	VERB
spir-13413	27	5	has	have	VERB
spir-13413	27	6	95.269	95.269	NUM
spir-13413	27	7	ads	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	27	8	collected	collect	VERB
spir-13413	27	9	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	27	10	the	the	DET
spir-13413	27	11	website	website	NOUN
spir-13413	27	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	27	13	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13413	27	14	scraped	scrape	VERB
spir-13413	27	15	with	with	ADP
spir-13413	27	16	a	a	DET
spir-13413	27	17	python	python	NOUN
spir-13413	27	18	script	script	NOUN
spir-13413	27	19	developed	develop	VERB
spir-13413	27	20	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	27	21	one	one	NUM
spir-13413	27	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	27	23	the	the	DET
spir-13413	27	24	authors	author	NOUN
spir-13413	27	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	27	26	during	during	ADP
spir-13413	27	27	the	the	DET
spir-13413	27	28	election	election	NOUN
spir-13413	27	29	month	month	NOUN
spir-13413	27	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	27	31	table	table	NOUN
spir-13413	27	32	1	1	NUM
spir-13413	27	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	27	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	28	1	results	result	NOUN
spir-13413	28	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	28	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-13413	28	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13413	28	5	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13413	28	6	show	show	VERB
spir-13413	28	7	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13413	28	8	mgid	mgid	PROPN
spir-13413	28	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	28	10	a	a	DET
spir-13413	28	11	native	native	ADJ
spir-13413	28	12	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	28	13	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	28	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	28	15	placed	place	VERB
spir-13413	28	16	54	54	NUM
spir-13413	28	17	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	28	18	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	28	19	the	the	DET
spir-13413	28	20	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-13413	28	21	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	28	22	terra	terra	PROPN
spir-13413	28	23	brasil	brasil	PROPN
spir-13413	28	24	notícias	notícias	PROPN
spir-13413	28	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	29	1	google	google	PROPN
spir-13413	29	2	ads	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	29	3	was	be	AUX
spir-13413	29	4	the	the	DET
spir-13413	29	5	second	second	ADV
spir-13413	29	6	largest	large	ADJ
spir-13413	29	7	provider	provider	NOUN
spir-13413	29	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	29	9	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13413	29	10	ads	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	29	11	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	29	12	tbn	tbn	PROPN
spir-13413	29	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	29	14	despite	despite	SCONJ
spir-13413	29	15	its	its	PRON
spir-13413	29	16	policy`s	policy`s	NOUN
spir-13413	29	17	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
spir-13413	29	18	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	29	19	sellers	seller	NOUN
spir-13413	29	20	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	29	21	host	host	NOUN
spir-13413	29	22	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ
spir-13413	29	23	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13413	29	24	harmful	harmful	ADJ
spir-13413	29	25	content	content	NOUN
spir-13413	29	26	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	29	27	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13413	29	28	such	such	ADJ
spir-13413	29	29	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	29	30	health	health	NOUN
spir-13413	29	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	29	32	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-13413	29	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	29	34	elections	election	NOUN
spir-13413	29	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	29	36	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13413	29	37	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	30	1	the	the	DET
spir-13413	30	2	most	most	ADV
spir-13413	30	3	frequent	frequent	ADJ
spir-13413	30	4	advertisement	advertisement	NOUN
spir-13413	30	5	displayed	display	VERB
spir-13413	30	6	via	via	ADP
spir-13413	30	7	google	google	PROPN
spir-13413	30	8	ads	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	30	9	was	be	AUX
spir-13413	30	10	related	relate	VERB
spir-13413	30	11	to	to	PART
spir-13413	30	12	smartfit	smartfit	VERB
spir-13413	30	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	30	14	the	the	DET
spir-13413	30	15	largest	large	ADJ
spir-13413	30	16	fitness	fitness	NOUN
spir-13413	30	17	company	company	NOUN
spir-13413	30	18	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	30	19	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-13413	30	20	its	its	PRON
spir-13413	30	21	owner	owner	NOUN
spir-13413	30	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	30	23	edgar	edgar	PROPN
spir-13413	30	24	corona	corona	PROPN
spir-13413	30	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	30	26	is	be	AUX
spir-13413	30	27	accused	accuse	VERB
spir-13413	30	28	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	30	29	financing	finance	VERB
spir-13413	30	30	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-13413	30	31	news	news	NOUN
spir-13413	30	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	30	33	since	since	SCONJ
spir-13413	30	34	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13413	30	35	has	have	AUX
spir-13413	30	36	been	be	AUX
spir-13413	30	37	investigated	investigate	VERB
spir-13413	30	38	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	30	39	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
spir-13413	30	40	federal	federal	PROPN
spir-13413	30	41	supreme	supreme	PROPN
spir-13413	30	42	court	court	PROPN
spir-13413	30	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	31	1	taking	take	VERB
spir-13413	31	2	into	into	ADP
spir-13413	31	3	consideration	consideration	NOUN
spir-13413	31	4	the	the	DET
spir-13413	31	5	mgid	mgid	ADJ
spir-13413	31	6	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	31	7	network	network	NOUN
spir-13413	31	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	31	9	most	most	ADJ
spir-13413	31	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	31	11	the	the	DET
spir-13413	31	12	urls	url	NOUN
spir-13413	31	13	exposed	expose	VERB
spir-13413	31	14	are	be	AUX
spir-13413	31	15	related	relate	VERB
spir-13413	31	16	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	31	17	content	content	NOUN
spir-13413	31	18	farms	farm	NOUN
spir-13413	31	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	31	20	online	online	ADJ
spir-13413	31	21	bets	bet	NOUN
spir-13413	31	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	31	23	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-13413	31	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	31	25	it	it	PRON
spir-13413	31	26	could	could	AUX
spir-13413	31	27	also	also	ADV
spir-13413	31	28	identified	identify	VERB
spir-13413	31	29	a	a	DET
spir-13413	31	30	significant	significant	ADJ
spir-13413	31	31	presence	presence	NOUN
spir-13413	31	32	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	31	33	9,1	9,1	NUM
spir-13413	31	34	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	31	35	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	31	36	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	31	37	the	the	DET
spir-13413	31	38	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-13413	31	39	page	page	NOUN
spir-13413	31	40	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	31	41	a	a	DET
spir-13413	31	42	major	major	ADJ
spir-13413	31	43	automotive	automotive	ADJ
spir-13413	31	44	company	company	NOUN
spir-13413	31	45	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	31	46	nissan	nissan	PROPN
spir-13413	31	47	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	31	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	32	1	table	table	NOUN
spir-13413	32	2	1	1	NUM
spir-13413	32	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	32	4	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	32	5	servers	server	NOUN
spir-13413	32	6	provided	provide	VERB
spir-13413	32	7	at	at	ADP
spir-13413	32	8	terra	terra	PROPN
spir-13413	32	9	brasil	brasil	PROPN
spir-13413	32	10	notícias	notícias	PROPN
spir-13413	32	11	server	server	PROPN
spir-13413	32	12	n	n	NUM
spir-13413	32	13	percent	percent	NOUN
spir-13413	32	14	clck.mgid.com	clck.mgid.com	NOUN
spir-13413	32	15	43,641	43,641	NUM
spir-13413	32	16	54.0	54.0	NUM
spir-13413	32	17	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	18	googleadservices.com	googleadservices.com	X
spir-13413	32	19	33,915	33,915	NUM
spir-13413	32	20	42.0	42.0	NUM
spir-13413	32	21	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	22	adclick.g.doubleclick.net	adclick.g.doubleclick.net	PROPN
spir-13413	32	23	2,336	2,336	NUM
spir-13413	32	24	2.9	2.9	NUM
spir-13413	32	25	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	26	googleads.g.doubleclick.net	googleads.g.doubleclick.net	NOUN
spir-13413	32	27	761	761	NUM
spir-13413	32	28	0.9	0.9	NUM
spir-13413	32	29	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	30	lax1-ib.adnxs.com	lax1-ib.adnxs.com	NOUN
spir-13413	32	31	23	23	NUM
spir-13413	32	32	0.0	0.0	NUM
spir-13413	32	33	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	34	servedby.flashtalking.com	servedby.flashtalking.com	NOUN
spir-13413	32	35	20	20	NUM
spir-13413	32	36	0.0	0.0	NUM
spir-13413	32	37	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	38	infolinks.com	infolinks.com	X
spir-13413	32	39	17	17	NUM
spir-13413	32	40	0.0	0.0	NUM
spir-13413	32	41	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	42	pixel.quantcount.com	pixel.quantcount.com	NOUN
spir-13413	32	43	10	10	NUM
spir-13413	32	44	0.0	0.0	NUM
spir-13413	32	45	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	46	exch.quantserve.com	exch.quantserve.com	NOUN
spir-13413	32	47	9	9	NUM
spir-13413	32	48	0.0	0.0	NUM
spir-13413	32	49	%	%	NOUN
spir-13413	32	50	source	source	NOUN
spir-13413	32	51	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	32	52	developed	develop	VERB
spir-13413	32	53	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	32	54	the	the	DET
spir-13413	32	55	authors	author	NOUN
spir-13413	32	56	using	use	VERB
spir-13413	32	57	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13413	32	58	scraped	scrape	VERB
spir-13413	32	59	from	from	ADP
spir-13413	32	60	the	the	DET
spir-13413	32	61	website	website	NOUN
spir-13413	32	62	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	33	1	even	even	ADV
spir-13413	33	2	before	before	ADP
spir-13413	33	3	the	the	DET
spir-13413	33	4	certification	certification	NOUN
spir-13413	33	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	33	6	election	election	NOUN
spir-13413	33	7	results	result	NOUN
spir-13413	33	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	33	9	tbn	tbn	PROPN
spir-13413	33	10	was	be	AUX
spir-13413	33	11	a	a	DET
spir-13413	33	12	leading	lead	VERB
spir-13413	33	13	propagator	propagator	NOUN
spir-13413	33	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	33	15	false	false	ADJ
spir-13413	33	16	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-13413	33	17	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13413	33	18	electronic	electronic	ADJ
spir-13413	33	19	voting	voting	NOUN
spir-13413	33	20	machines	machine	NOUN
spir-13413	33	21	were	be	AUX
spir-13413	33	22	rigged	rig	VERB
spir-13413	33	23	against	against	ADP
spir-13413	33	24	bolsonaro	bolsonaro	NOUN
spir-13413	33	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	34	1	however	however	ADV
spir-13413	34	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	34	3	only	only	ADV
spir-13413	34	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	34	5	november	november	PROPN
spir-13413	34	6	google	google	PROPN
spir-13413	34	7	decided	decide	VERB
spir-13413	34	8	to	to	PART
spir-13413	34	9	demonetize	demonetize	VERB
spir-13413	34	10	the	the	DET
spir-13413	34	11	publisher	publisher	NOUN
spir-13413	34	12	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	34	13	removing	remove	VERB
spir-13413	34	14	tbn	tbn	NOUN
spir-13413	34	15	from	from	ADP
spir-13413	34	16	its	its	PRON
spir-13413	34	17	adspace	adspace	NOUN
spir-13413	34	18	inventory	inventory	NOUN
spir-13413	34	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	35	1	this	this	DET
spir-13413	35	2	delayed	delay	VERB
spir-13413	35	3	action	action	NOUN
spir-13413	35	4	enabled	enable	VERB
spir-13413	35	5	the	the	DET
spir-13413	35	6	publisher	publisher	NOUN
spir-13413	35	7	to	to	PART
spir-13413	35	8	profit	profit	VERB
spir-13413	35	9	from	from	ADP
spir-13413	35	10	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	35	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	35	12	false	false	ADJ
spir-13413	35	13	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-13413	35	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	35	15	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-13413	35	16	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-13413	35	17	for	for	ADP
spir-13413	35	18	years	year	NOUN
spir-13413	35	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	36	1	following	follow	VERB
spir-13413	36	2	the	the	DET
spir-13413	36	3	cut	cut	NOUN
spir-13413	36	4	off	off	ADP
spir-13413	36	5	from	from	ADP
spir-13413	36	6	google	google	PROPN
spir-13413	36	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	36	8	tbn	tbn	PROPN
spir-13413	36	9	resorted	resort	VERB
spir-13413	36	10	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	36	11	lesser	lesser	ADV
spir-13413	36	12	known	know	VERB
spir-13413	36	13	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	36	14	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13413	36	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	36	16	such	such	ADJ
spir-13413	36	17	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	36	18	mgid	mgid	PROPN
spir-13413	36	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	36	20	infolinks	infolink	NOUN
spir-13413	36	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	36	22	other	other	ADJ
spir-13413	36	23	companies	company	NOUN
spir-13413	36	24	with	with	ADP
spir-13413	36	25	lower	low	ADJ
spir-13413	36	26	standards	standard	NOUN
spir-13413	36	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	36	28	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13413	36	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	36	30	filtering	filter	VERB
spir-13413	36	31	against	against	ADP
spir-13413	36	32	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	36	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	37	1	the	the	DET
spir-13413	37	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-13413	37	3	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13413	37	4	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
spir-13413	37	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	37	6	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	37	7	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	37	8	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	37	9	not	not	PART
spir-13413	37	10	only	only	ADV
spir-13413	37	11	financially	financially	ADV
spir-13413	37	12	sustain	sustain	VERB
spir-13413	37	13	disinformational	disinformational	ADJ
spir-13413	37	14	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	37	15	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13413	37	16	also	also	ADV
spir-13413	37	17	enact	enact	VERB
spir-13413	37	18	a	a	DET
spir-13413	37	19	singular	singular	ADJ
spir-13413	37	20	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13413	37	21	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	37	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	37	23	the	the	DET
spir-13413	37	24	informational	informational	ADJ
spir-13413	37	25	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13413	37	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	38	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	38	2	this	this	DET
spir-13413	38	3	sense	sense	NOUN
spir-13413	38	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	38	5	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	38	6	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	38	7	techs	tech	NOUN
spir-13413	38	8	develop	develop	VERB
spir-13413	38	9	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-13413	38	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	38	11	norms	norm	NOUN
spir-13413	38	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	38	13	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-13413	38	14	to	to	PART
spir-13413	38	15	verify	verify	VERB
spir-13413	38	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	38	17	validate	validate	VERB
spir-13413	38	18	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-13413	38	19	content	content	NOUN
spir-13413	38	20	producers	producer	NOUN
spir-13413	38	21	that	that	PRON
spir-13413	38	22	aim	aim	VERB
spir-13413	38	23	to	to	PART
spir-13413	38	24	sell	sell	VERB
spir-13413	38	25	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	38	26	spaces	space	NOUN
spir-13413	38	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	38	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	38	29	also	also	ADV
spir-13413	38	30	provide	provide	VERB
spir-13413	38	31	the	the	DET
spir-13413	38	32	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
spir-13413	38	33	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13413	38	34	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	38	35	brand	brand	NOUN
spir-13413	38	36	safety	safety	NOUN
spir-13413	38	37	for	for	ADP
spir-13413	38	38	accreditation	accreditation	NOUN
spir-13413	38	39	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	38	40	publishers	publisher	NOUN
spir-13413	38	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	39	1	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-13413	39	2	from	from	ADP
spir-13413	39	3	the	the	DET
spir-13413	39	4	brazilian	brazilian	ADJ
spir-13413	39	5	case	case	NOUN
spir-13413	39	6	also	also	ADV
spir-13413	39	7	contribute	contribute	VERB
spir-13413	39	8	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	39	9	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-13413	39	10	the	the	DET
spir-13413	39	11	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-13413	39	12	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	39	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	39	14	big	big	ADJ
spir-13413	39	15	tech	tech	NOUN
spir-13413	39	16	governing	govern	VERB
spir-13413	39	17	the	the	DET
spir-13413	39	18	monetization	monetization	NOUN
spir-13413	39	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	39	20	publishers	publisher	NOUN
spir-13413	39	21	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	39	22	the	the	DET
spir-13413	39	23	global	global	ADJ
spir-13413	39	24	south	south	NOUN
spir-13413	39	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	39	26	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13413	39	27	also	also	ADV
spir-13413	39	28	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
spir-13413	39	29	by	by	ADP
spir-13413	39	30	silverman	silverman	PROPN
spir-13413	39	31	et	et	PROPN
spir-13413	39	32	al	al	PROPN
spir-13413	39	33	.	.	PROPN
spir-13413	40	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	40	2	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13413	40	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	40	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	41	1	further	further	ADJ
spir-13413	41	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-13413	41	3	could	could	AUX
spir-13413	41	4	develop	develop	VERB
spir-13413	41	5	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
spir-13413	41	6	frameworks	framework	NOUN
spir-13413	41	7	focusing	focus	VERB
spir-13413	41	8	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	41	9	the	the	DET
spir-13413	41	10	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	41	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	41	12	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	41	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	41	14	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	41	15	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	41	16	order	order	NOUN
spir-13413	41	17	to	to	PART
spir-13413	41	18	investigate	investigate	VERB
spir-13413	41	19	the	the	DET
spir-13413	41	20	social	social	ADJ
spir-13413	41	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	41	22	material	material	ADJ
spir-13413	41	23	underpinnings	underpinning	NOUN
spir-13413	41	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	41	25	the	the	DET
spir-13413	41	26	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	41	27	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	41	28	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	41	29	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	41	30	relation	relation	NOUN
spir-13413	41	31	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	41	32	the	the	DET
spir-13413	41	33	informational	informational	ADJ
spir-13413	41	34	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-13413	41	35	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	41	36	different	different	ADJ
spir-13413	41	37	contexts	context	NOUN
spir-13413	41	38	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13413	41	39	bakir	bakir	NOUN
spir-13413	41	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	41	41	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-13413	41	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	41	43	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	41	44	mcstay	mcstay	NOUN
spir-13413	41	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	41	46	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13413	41	47	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	41	48	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13413	41	49	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	41	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	42	1	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-13413	42	2	news	news	NOUN
spir-13413	42	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	42	4	the	the	DET
spir-13413	42	5	economy	economy	NOUN
spir-13413	42	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	42	7	emotions	emotion	NOUN
spir-13413	42	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	42	9	problems	problem	NOUN
spir-13413	42	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	42	11	causes	cause	NOUN
spir-13413	42	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	42	13	solutions	solution	NOUN
spir-13413	42	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	43	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13413	43	2	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13413	43	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	43	4	6(2	6(2	NUM
spir-13413	43	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	43	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	43	7	154–175	154–175	NUM
spir-13413	43	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	44	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1345645	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1345645	ADJ
spir-13413	44	2	braun	braun	NOUN
spir-13413	44	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	44	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13413	44	5	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13413	44	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	44	7	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	44	8	eklund	eklund	PROPN
spir-13413	44	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	44	10	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13413	44	11	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13413	44	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	44	13	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13413	44	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	44	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	45	1	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-13413	45	2	news	news	NOUN
spir-13413	45	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	45	4	real	real	ADJ
spir-13413	45	5	money	money	NOUN
spir-13413	45	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	45	7	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	45	8	tech	tech	NOUN
spir-13413	45	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	45	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	45	11	profitdriven	profitdriven	VERB
spir-13413	45	12	hoaxes	hoax	NOUN
spir-13413	45	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	45	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	45	15	the	the	DET
spir-13413	45	16	business	business	NOUN
spir-13413	45	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	45	18	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13413	45	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	46	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13413	46	2	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13413	46	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	46	4	7(1	7(1	NUM
spir-13413	46	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	46	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	46	7	1	1	NUM
spir-13413	46	8	-	-	SYM
spir-13413	46	9	21	21	NUM
spir-13413	46	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	47	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1556314	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1556314	PROPN
spir-13413	47	2	couldry	couldry	NOUN
spir-13413	47	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	47	4	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-13413	47	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	47	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	47	7	turow	turow	PROPN
spir-13413	47	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	47	9	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13413	47	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	47	11	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13413	47	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	47	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	48	1	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	48	3	big	big	ADJ
spir-13413	48	4	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13413	48	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	48	6	the	the	DET
spir-13413	48	7	clearance	clearance	NOUN
spir-13413	48	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	48	9	the	the	DET
spir-13413	48	10	public	public	ADJ
spir-13413	48	11	realm	realm	NOUN
spir-13413	48	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	48	13	marketers	marketer	NOUN
spir-13413	48	14	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13413	48	15	new	new	ADJ
spir-13413	48	16	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13413	48	17	to	to	ADP
spir-13413	48	18	the	the	DET
spir-13413	48	19	content	content	NOUN
spir-13413	48	20	subsidy	subsidy	NOUN
spir-13413	48	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	49	1	international	international	ADJ
spir-13413	49	2	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-13413	49	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	49	4	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13413	49	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	49	6	8	8	NUM
spir-13413	49	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	49	8	1710–1726	1710–1726	NUM
spir-13413	49	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	50	1	crain	crain	NOUN
spir-13413	50	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	50	3	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13413	50	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	50	5	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13413	50	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	50	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	51	1	a	a	DET
spir-13413	51	2	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13413	51	3	political	political	ADJ
spir-13413	51	4	economy	economy	NOUN
spir-13413	51	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	51	6	web	web	NOUN
spir-13413	51	7	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	51	8	history	history	NOUN
spir-13413	51	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	52	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	52	2	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-13413	52	3	brügger	brügger	PROPN
spir-13413	52	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	52	5	i.	i.	PROPN
spir-13413	52	6	milligan	milligan	PROPN
spir-13413	52	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	52	8	the	the	DET
spir-13413	52	9	sage	sage	NOUN
spir-13413	52	10	handbook	handbook	NOUN
spir-13413	52	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	52	12	web	web	NOUN
spir-13413	52	13	history	history	NOUN
spir-13413	52	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	52	15	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-13413	52	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	53	1	330–343	330–343	NUM
spir-13413	53	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	53	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	54	1	sage	sage	NOUN
spir-13413	54	2	publications	publications	PROPN
spir-13413	54	3	ltd	ltd	PROPN
spir-13413	54	4	.	.	PROPN
spir-13413	54	5	https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526470546.n22	https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526470546.n22	PROPN
spir-13413	55	1	edwards	edwards	PROPN
spir-13413	55	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	55	3	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-13413	55	4	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-13413	55	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	55	6	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13413	55	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	55	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	56	1	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	56	2	are	be	AUX
spir-13413	56	3	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	56	4	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	56	5	fire	fire	NOUN
spir-13413	56	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	57	2	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13413	57	3	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13413	57	4	mullaney	mullaney	PROPN
spir-13413	57	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	6	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13413	57	7	peters	peters	PROPN
spir-13413	57	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	9	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13413	57	10	hicks	hicks	PROPN
spir-13413	57	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	12	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	57	13	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13413	57	14	philip	philip	PROPN
spir-13413	57	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	16	eds	eds	PROPN
spir-13413	57	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	18	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	20	your	your	PRON
spir-13413	57	21	computer	computer	NOUN
spir-13413	57	22	is	be	AUX
spir-13413	57	23	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	57	24	fire	fire	NOUN
spir-13413	57	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	26	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13413	57	27	0	0	NUM
spir-13413	57	28	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	57	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	58	1	the	the	DET
spir-13413	58	2	mit	mit	PROPN
spir-13413	58	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13413	58	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	59	1	https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10993.003.0021	https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/10993.003.0021	PROPN
spir-13413	59	2	mcstay	mcstay	NOUN
spir-13413	59	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	59	4	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13413	59	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	59	6	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13413	59	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	59	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	60	1	micro	micro	NOUN
spir-13413	60	2	-	-	NOUN
spir-13413	60	3	moments	moment	NOUN
spir-13413	60	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	60	5	liquidity	liquidity	NOUN
spir-13413	60	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	60	7	intimacy	intimacy	NOUN
spir-13413	60	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	60	9	automation	automation	NOUN
spir-13413	60	10	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	60	11	developments	development	NOUN
spir-13413	60	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	60	13	programmatic	programmatic	ADJ
spir-13413	60	14	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	60	15	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	60	16	tech	tech	NOUN
spir-13413	60	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	61	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	61	2	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13413	61	3	siegert	siegert	PROPN
spir-13413	61	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	61	5	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-13413	61	6	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13413	61	7	von	von	PROPN
spir-13413	61	8	rimscha	rimscha	PROPN
spir-13413	61	9	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	61	10	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13413	61	11	grubenmann	grubenmann	PROPN
spir-13413	61	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	61	13	eds	ed	NOUN
spir-13413	61	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	61	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	61	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	61	17	commercial	commercial	ADJ
spir-13413	61	18	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13413	61	19	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	61	20	the	the	DET
spir-13413	61	21	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13413	61	22	age	age	NOUN
spir-13413	61	23	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13413	61	24	information	information	NOUN
spir-13413	61	25	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13413	61	26	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	61	27	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13413	62	1	mouton	mouton	PROPN
spir-13413	62	2	de	de	X
spir-13413	62	3	gruyter	gruyter	PROPN
spir-13413	62	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	62	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	62	6	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13413	62	7	143	143	NUM
spir-13413	62	8	-	-	SYM
spir-13413	62	9	159	159	NUM
spir-13413	62	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	62	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	63	1	o’neil	o’neil	PROPN
spir-13413	63	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	63	3	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13413	63	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	63	5	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13413	63	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	63	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	64	1	weapons	weapon	NOUN
spir-13413	64	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	64	3	math	math	NOUN
spir-13413	64	4	destruction	destruction	NOUN
spir-13413	64	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	64	6	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	64	7	big	big	ADJ
spir-13413	64	8	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13413	64	9	increases	increase	VERB
spir-13413	64	10	inequality	inequality	NOUN
spir-13413	64	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	64	12	threatens	threaten	VERB
spir-13413	64	13	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13413	64	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	64	15	first	first	ADJ
spir-13413	64	16	edition	edition	NOUN
spir-13413	64	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	64	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	1	crown	crown	PROPN
spir-13413	65	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	3	pasquetto	pasquetto	PROPN
spir-13413	65	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	5	i.	i.	PROPN
spir-13413	65	6	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-13413	65	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	8	olivieri	olivieri	PROPN
spir-13413	65	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	10	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13413	65	11	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13413	65	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	13	tacchetti	tacchetti	PROPN
spir-13413	65	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	15	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13413	65	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	17	riotta	riotta	PROPN
spir-13413	65	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	19	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13413	65	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	21	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	65	22	spada	spada	PROPN
spir-13413	65	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	24	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13413	65	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	26	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13413	65	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	65	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	66	1	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	66	2	as	as	ADP
spir-13413	66	3	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13413	66	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	66	5	making	make	VERB
spir-13413	66	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	66	7	maintaining	maintain	VERB
spir-13413	66	8	the	the	DET
spir-13413	66	9	qanon	qanon	ADJ
spir-13413	66	10	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-13413	66	11	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	66	12	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13413	66	13	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13413	66	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13413	66	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	67	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
spir-13413	67	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	67	3	the	the	DET
spir-13413	67	4	acm	acm	NOUN
spir-13413	67	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	67	6	human	human	ADJ
spir-13413	67	7	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13413	67	8	computer	computer	NOUN
spir-13413	67	9	interaction	interaction	NOUN
spir-13413	67	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	67	11	6(cscw1	6(cscw1	NOUN
spir-13413	67	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	67	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	67	14	1–31	1–31	PROPN
spir-13413	67	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	1	https://doi.org/10.1145/3512931	https://doi.org/10.1145/3512931	NUM
spir-13413	68	2	silverman	silverman	PROPN
spir-13413	68	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13413	68	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	6	talbot	talbot	PROPN
spir-13413	68	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	8	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13413	68	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	10	kao	kao	PROPN
spir-13413	68	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	12	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13413	68	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	14	klühspies	klühspie	NOUN
spir-13413	68	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	16	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13413	68	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	18	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13413	68	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	68	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	69	1	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	69	2	google	google	NOUN
spir-13413	69	3	’s	’s	PART
spir-13413	69	4	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	69	5	business	business	NOUN
spir-13413	69	6	funds	fund	NOUN
spir-13413	69	7	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13413	69	8	around	around	ADP
spir-13413	69	9	the	the	DET
spir-13413	69	10	world	world	NOUN
spir-13413	69	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	70	1	propublica	propublica	PROPN
spir-13413	70	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	71	1	https://www.propublica.org/article/google-alphabet-ads-fund-disinformation-covidelections	https://www.propublica.org/article/google-alphabet-ads-fund-disinformation-covidelection	NOUN
spir-13413	71	2	turow	turow	PROPN
spir-13413	71	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	71	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13413	71	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	71	6	2012	2012	NUM
spir-13413	71	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	71	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	72	1	the	the	DET
spir-13413	72	2	daily	daily	ADJ
spir-13413	72	3	you	you	PRON
spir-13413	72	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	72	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13413	72	6	the	the	DET
spir-13413	72	7	new	new	ADJ
spir-13413	72	8	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	72	9	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-13413	72	10	is	be	AUX
spir-13413	72	11	defining	define	VERB
spir-13413	72	12	your	your	PRON
spir-13413	72	13	identity	identity	NOUN
spir-13413	72	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	72	15	your	your	PRON
spir-13413	72	16	worth	worth	NOUN
spir-13413	72	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	73	1	yale	yale	PROPN
spir-13413	73	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-13413	73	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13413	73	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	74	1	van	van	PROPN
spir-13413	74	2	dijck	dijck	PROPN
spir-13413	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	74	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13413	74	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	74	6	nieborg	nieborg	PROPN
spir-13413	74	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	74	8	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13413	74	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	74	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	74	11	poell	poell	PROPN
spir-13413	74	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	74	13	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13413	74	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	74	15	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13413	74	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	74	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	75	1	reframing	reframe	VERB
spir-13413	75	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13413	75	3	power	power	NOUN
spir-13413	75	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	76	1	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13413	76	2	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13413	76	3	review	review	NOUN
spir-13413	76	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	76	5	8(2	8(2	NUM
spir-13413	76	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	76	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	76	8	1	1	NUM
spir-13413	76	9	-	-	SYM
spir-13413	76	10	18	18	NUM
spir-13413	76	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	77	1	https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.2.1414	https://doi.org/10.14763/2019.2.1414	NOUN
spir-13413	77	2	zeng	zeng	PROPN
spir-13413	77	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	77	4	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13413	77	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	77	6	kohno	kohno	PROPN
spir-13413	77	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	77	8	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13413	77	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	77	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13413	77	11	roesner	roesner	PROPN
spir-13413	77	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	77	13	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13413	77	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	77	15	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13413	77	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	77	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	78	1	what	what	PRON
spir-13413	78	2	makes	make	VERB
spir-13413	78	3	a	a	DET
spir-13413	78	4	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13413	78	5	bad	bad	ADJ
spir-13413	78	6	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13413	78	7	ad	ad	NOUN
spir-13413	78	8	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13413	79	1	user	user	NOUN
spir-13413	79	2	perceptions	perception	NOUN
spir-13413	79	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	79	4	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13413	79	5	online	online	ADJ
spir-13413	79	6	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13413	79	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	80	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
spir-13413	80	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	80	3	the	the	DET
spir-13413	80	4	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13413	80	5	chi	chi	PROPN
spir-13413	80	6	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13413	80	7	on	on	ADP
spir-13413	80	8	human	human	ADJ
spir-13413	80	9	factors	factor	NOUN
spir-13413	80	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13413	80	11	computing	computing	NOUN
spir-13413	80	12	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13413	80	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	80	14	1–24	1–24	PROPN
spir-13413	80	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	81	1	https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445459	https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445459	PROPN
spir-13413	81	2	zuboff	zuboff	PROPN
spir-13413	81	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	81	4	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13413	81	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13413	81	6	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13413	81	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	81	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	82	1	big	big	ADJ
spir-13413	82	2	other	other	ADJ
spir-13413	82	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13413	82	4	surveillance	surveillance	NOUN
spir-13413	82	5	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
spir-13413	82	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13413	82	7	the	the	DET
spir-13413	82	8	prospects	prospect	NOUN
spir-13413	82	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	82	10	an	an	DET
spir-13413	82	11	information	information	NOUN
spir-13413	82	12	civilization	civilization	NOUN
spir-13413	82	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	83	1	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-13413	83	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13413	83	3	information	information	NOUN
spir-13413	83	4	technology	technology	NOUN
spir-13413	83	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	83	6	30(1	30(1	NUM
spir-13413	83	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13413	83	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13413	83	9	75–89	75–89	X
spir-13413	83	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13413	84	1	https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.5	https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2015.5	PROPN