id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-13433	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-13433	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-13433	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-13433	1	5	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13433	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-13433	1	8	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13433	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13433	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13433	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-13433	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-13433	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13433	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13433	1	17	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13433	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	19	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13433	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	21	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13433	1	22	/	/	SYM
spir-13433	1	23	18	18	NUM
spir-13433	1	24	-	-	SYM
spir-13433	1	25	21	21	NUM
spir-13433	1	26	oct	oct	PROPN
spir-13433	1	27	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13433	1	28	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-13433	1	29	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-13433	1	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	31	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-13433	1	32	):	):	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	33	kantachote	kantachote	PROPN
spir-13433	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	35	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13433	1	36	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	37	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13433	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	39	october	october	PROPN
spir-13433	1	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13433	1	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	2	1	would	would	AUX
spir-13433	2	2	you	you	PRON
spir-13433	2	3	date	date	VERB
spir-13433	2	4	a	a	DET
spir-13433	2	5	maid	maid	NOUN
spir-13433	2	6	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13433	3	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13433	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-13433	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-13433	3	4	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13433	3	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	3	6	the	the	DET
spir-13433	3	7	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13433	3	8	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13433	3	9	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13433	3	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	3	11	the	the	DET
spir-13433	3	12	association	association	NOUN
spir-13433	3	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	3	14	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13433	3	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13433	3	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	4	1	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13433	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	4	3	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13433	4	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	4	5	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13433	4	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	4	7	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-13433	4	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	4	9	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-13433	4	10	from	from	ADP
spir-13433	4	11	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-13433	4	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	5	1	would	would	AUX
spir-13433	5	2	you	you	PRON
spir-13433	5	3	date	date	VERB
spir-13433	5	4	a	a	DET
spir-13433	5	5	maid	maid	NOUN
spir-13433	5	6	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13433	6	1	krittiya	krittiya	PROPN
spir-13433	7	1	kantachote	kantachote	VERB
spir-13433	7	2	srinakharinwirot	srinakharinwirot	PROPN
spir-13433	7	3	university	university	NOUN
spir-13433	7	4	subaltern	subaltern	ADJ
spir-13433	7	5	migrant	migrant	ADJ
spir-13433	7	6	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	7	7	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	7	8	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	7	9	during	during	ADP
spir-13433	7	10	the	the	DET
spir-13433	7	11	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-13433	7	12	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
spir-13433	7	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	7	14	most	most	ADJ
spir-13433	7	15	destinations	destination	NOUN
spir-13433	7	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	7	17	migrants	migrant	NOUN
spir-13433	7	18	with	with	ADP
spir-13433	7	19	a	a	DET
spir-13433	7	20	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	7	21	worker	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	7	22	visa	visa	NOUN
spir-13433	7	23	are	be	AUX
spir-13433	7	24	bound	bind	VERB
spir-13433	7	25	laborers	laborer	NOUN
spir-13433	7	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	8	1	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	8	2	legal	legal	ADJ
spir-13433	8	3	residency	residency	NOUN
spir-13433	8	4	depends	depend	VERB
spir-13433	8	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	8	6	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	8	7	continuous	continuous	ADJ
spir-13433	8	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	8	9	sole	sole	ADJ
spir-13433	8	10	employment	employment	NOUN
spir-13433	8	11	by	by	ADP
spir-13433	8	12	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	8	13	sponsor	sponsor	NOUN
spir-13433	8	14	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13433	8	15	it	it	PRON
spir-13433	8	16	constrains	constrain	VERB
spir-13433	8	17	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	8	18	ability	ability	NOUN
spir-13433	8	19	to	to	PART
spir-13433	8	20	change	change	VERB
spir-13433	8	21	sponsors	sponsor	NOUN
spir-13433	8	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13433	9	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13433	9	3	the	the	DET
spir-13433	9	4	case	case	NOUN
spir-13433	9	5	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	9	6	canada	canada	PROPN
spir-13433	9	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	8	great	great	PROPN
spir-13433	9	9	britain	britain	PROPN
spir-13433	9	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	11	israel	israel	PROPN
spir-13433	9	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	13	taiwan	taiwan	PROPN
spir-13433	9	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	15	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	9	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	9	18	the	the	DET
spir-13433	9	19	united	united	PROPN
spir-13433	9	20	arab	arab	PROPN
spir-13433	9	21	emirates	emirates	PROPN
spir-13433	9	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	23	uae	uae	PROPN
spir-13433	9	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	26	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-13433	9	27	2000	2000	NUM
spir-13433	9	28	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	29	bakan	bakan	NOUN
spir-13433	9	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	9	31	stasiulis	stasiuli	NOUN
spir-13433	9	32	2005	2005	NUM
spir-13433	9	33	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	34	lan	lan	PROPN
spir-13433	9	35	2007	2007	NUM
spir-13433	9	36	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	37	liebelt	liebelt	PROPN
spir-13433	9	38	2011	2011	NUM
spir-13433	9	39	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	40	mahdavi	mahdavi	NOUN
spir-13433	9	41	2011	2011	NUM
spir-13433	9	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13433	9	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	10	1	this	this	DET
spir-13433	10	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13433	10	3	looks	look	VERB
spir-13433	10	4	at	at	ADP
spir-13433	10	5	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	10	6	as	as	ADP
spir-13433	10	7	a	a	DET
spir-13433	10	8	research	research	NOUN
spir-13433	10	9	site	site	NOUN
spir-13433	10	10	because	because	SCONJ
spir-13433	10	11	it	it	PRON
spir-13433	10	12	is	be	AUX
spir-13433	10	13	a	a	DET
spir-13433	10	14	major	major	ADJ
spir-13433	10	15	destination	destination	NOUN
spir-13433	10	16	for	for	ADP
spir-13433	10	17	migrant	migrant	ADJ
spir-13433	10	18	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	10	19	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	10	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	11	1	this	this	DET
spir-13433	11	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13433	11	3	asks	ask	VERB
spir-13433	11	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	11	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13433	11	6	do	do	AUX
spir-13433	11	7	employers	employer	NOUN
spir-13433	11	8	manage	manage	VERB
spir-13433	11	9	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	11	10	power	power	NOUN
spir-13433	11	11	over	over	ADP
spir-13433	11	12	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	11	13	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	11	14	who	who	PRON
spir-13433	11	15	are	be	AUX
spir-13433	11	16	bound	bind	VERB
spir-13433	11	17	to	to	ADP
spir-13433	11	18	them	they	PRON
spir-13433	11	19	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	11	20	servitude	servitude	NOUN
spir-13433	11	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	11	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	11	23	what	what	PRON
spir-13433	11	24	is	be	AUX
spir-13433	11	25	the	the	DET
spir-13433	11	26	role	role	NOUN
spir-13433	11	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	11	28	tiktok	tiktok	ADJ
spir-13433	11	29	access	access	NOUN
spir-13433	11	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	11	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	11	32	any	any	DET
spir-13433	11	33	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13433	11	34	access	access	NOUN
spir-13433	11	35	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	11	36	general	general	ADJ
spir-13433	11	37	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13433	12	1	each	each	DET
spir-13433	12	2	year	year	NOUN
spir-13433	12	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	12	4	thousands	thousand	NOUN
spir-13433	12	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	12	6	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	12	7	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	12	8	from	from	ADP
spir-13433	12	9	india	india	PROPN
spir-13433	12	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	12	11	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
spir-13433	12	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	12	13	myanmar	myanmar	PROPN
spir-13433	12	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	12	15	sri	sri	PROPN
spir-13433	12	16	lanka	lanka	PROPN
spir-13433	12	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	12	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	12	19	the	the	DET
spir-13433	12	20	philippines	philippine	NOUN
spir-13433	12	21	seek	seek	VERB
spir-13433	12	22	legal	legal	ADJ
spir-13433	12	23	employment	employment	NOUN
spir-13433	12	24	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	12	25	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	12	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	13	1	legal	legal	ADJ
spir-13433	13	2	conditions	condition	NOUN
spir-13433	13	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	13	4	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	13	5	work	work	NOUN
spir-13433	13	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	13	7	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	13	8	similarly	similarly	ADV
spir-13433	13	9	reflect	reflect	VERB
spir-13433	13	10	those	those	PRON
spir-13433	13	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	13	12	other	other	ADJ
spir-13433	13	13	destinations	destination	NOUN
spir-13433	13	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	14	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	14	2	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	14	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	14	4	the	the	DET
spir-13433	14	5	temporary	temporary	ADJ
spir-13433	14	6	legal	legal	ADJ
spir-13433	14	7	status	status	NOUN
spir-13433	14	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	14	9	migrant	migrant	ADJ
spir-13433	14	10	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	14	11	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	14	12	binds	bind	VERB
spir-13433	14	13	them	they	PRON
spir-13433	14	14	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	14	15	servitude	servitude	NOUN
spir-13433	14	16	to	to	ADP
spir-13433	14	17	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	14	18	employer	employer	NOUN
spir-13433	14	19	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13433	14	20	sponsor	sponsor	NOUN
spir-13433	14	21	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13433	14	22	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	14	23	residency	residency	NOUN
spir-13433	14	24	is	be	AUX
spir-13433	14	25	contingent	contingent	ADJ
spir-13433	14	26	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	14	27	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	14	28	continuous	continuous	ADJ
spir-13433	14	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	14	30	sole	sole	ADJ
spir-13433	14	31	live	live	ADJ
spir-13433	14	32	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13433	14	33	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	14	34	employment	employment	NOUN
spir-13433	14	35	with	with	ADP
spir-13433	14	36	a	a	DET
spir-13433	14	37	sponsor	sponsor	NOUN
spir-13433	14	38	whose	whose	DET
spir-13433	14	39	permission	permission	NOUN
spir-13433	14	40	they	they	PRON
spir-13433	14	41	must	must	AUX
spir-13433	14	42	secure	secure	VERB
spir-13433	14	43	to	to	PART
spir-13433	14	44	transfer	transfer	VERB
spir-13433	14	45	jobs	job	NOUN
spir-13433	14	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	15	1	this	this	DET
spir-13433	15	2	legal	legal	ADJ
spir-13433	15	3	status	status	NOUN
spir-13433	15	4	technically	technically	ADV
spir-13433	15	5	renders	render	VERB
spir-13433	15	6	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	15	7	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	15	8	unfree	unfree	ADJ
spir-13433	15	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	15	10	precarious	precarious	ADJ
spir-13433	15	11	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13433	15	12	it	it	PRON
spir-13433	15	13	gives	give	VERB
spir-13433	15	14	employers	employer	NOUN
spir-13433	15	15	tremendous	tremendous	ADJ
spir-13433	15	16	power	power	NOUN
spir-13433	15	17	over	over	ADP
spir-13433	15	18	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	15	19	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	15	20	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13433	15	21	parreñas	parreñas	NOUN
spir-13433	15	22	et	et	PROPN
spir-13433	15	23	al	al	PROPN
spir-13433	15	24	.	.	PROPN
spir-13433	15	25	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13433	15	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13433	15	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	16	1	this	this	DET
spir-13433	16	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13433	16	3	combines	combine	VERB
spir-13433	16	4	two	two	NUM
spir-13433	16	5	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13433	16	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	16	7	a	a	DET
spir-13433	16	8	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13433	16	9	ethnography	ethnography	NOUN
spir-13433	16	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	16	11	fdws	fdws	NOUN
spir-13433	16	12	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	16	13	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13433	16	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	16	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	16	16	semistructured	semistructure	VERB
spir-13433	16	17	interviews	interview	NOUN
spir-13433	16	18	with	with	ADP
spir-13433	16	19	thirty	thirty	NUM
spir-13433	16	20	employers	employer	NOUN
spir-13433	16	21	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	16	22	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	16	23	conducted	conduct	VERB
spir-13433	16	24	by	by	ADP
spir-13433	16	25	the	the	DET
spir-13433	16	26	author	author	NOUN
spir-13433	16	27	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	16	28	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13433	16	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	17	1	this	this	DET
spir-13433	17	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13433	17	3	then	then	ADV
spir-13433	17	4	builds	build	VERB
spir-13433	17	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	17	6	the	the	DET
spir-13433	17	7	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13433	17	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13433	17	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	17	10	tiktok	tiktok	ADJ
spir-13433	17	11	profiles	profile	NOUN
spir-13433	17	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	17	13	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	17	14	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	17	15	that	that	PRON
spir-13433	17	16	had	have	VERB
spir-13433	17	17	a	a	DET
spir-13433	17	18	comparatively	comparatively	ADV
spir-13433	17	19	large	large	ADJ
spir-13433	17	20	following	following	NOUN
spir-13433	17	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	17	22	content	content	NOUN
spir-13433	17	23	exceeding	exceed	VERB
spir-13433	17	24	1,000	1,000	NUM
spir-13433	17	25	views	view	NOUN
spir-13433	17	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	18	1	profiles	profile	NOUN
spir-13433	18	2	were	be	AUX
spir-13433	18	3	studied	study	VERB
spir-13433	18	4	to	to	PART
spir-13433	18	5	identify	identify	VERB
spir-13433	18	6	foreign	foreign	ADJ
spir-13433	18	7	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	18	8	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	18	9	employed	employ	VERB
spir-13433	18	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	18	11	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	18	12	who	who	PRON
spir-13433	18	13	were	be	AUX
spir-13433	18	14	creating	create	VERB
spir-13433	18	15	content	content	NOUN
spir-13433	18	16	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	18	17	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13433	18	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	19	1	videos	video	NOUN
spir-13433	19	2	were	be	AUX
spir-13433	19	3	coded	code	VERB
spir-13433	19	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	19	5	content	content	NOUN
spir-13433	19	6	analyzed	analyze	VERB
spir-13433	19	7	around	around	ADP
spir-13433	19	8	emergent	emergent	ADJ
spir-13433	19	9	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-13433	19	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	19	11	sexism	sexism	NOUN
spir-13433	19	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	19	13	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
spir-13433	19	14	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13433	19	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	20	1	this	this	DET
spir-13433	20	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13433	20	3	considers	consider	VERB
spir-13433	20	4	these	these	DET
spir-13433	20	5	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-13433	20	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	20	7	the	the	DET
spir-13433	20	8	context	context	NOUN
spir-13433	20	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	20	10	repressive	repressive	ADJ
spir-13433	20	11	employment	employment	NOUN
spir-13433	20	12	conditions	condition	NOUN
spir-13433	20	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	21	1	the	the	DET
spir-13433	21	2	author	author	NOUN
spir-13433	21	3	identifies	identify	VERB
spir-13433	21	4	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13433	21	5	soft	soft	ADJ
spir-13433	21	6	violence	violence	NOUN
spir-13433	21	7	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13433	21	8	as	as	ADP
spir-13433	21	9	a	a	DET
spir-13433	21	10	tool	tool	NOUN
spir-13433	21	11	that	that	PRON
spir-13433	21	12	employers	employer	NOUN
spir-13433	21	13	utilize	utilize	VERB
spir-13433	21	14	to	to	PART
spir-13433	21	15	manage	manage	VERB
spir-13433	21	16	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	21	17	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	21	18	’	’	PART
spir-13433	21	19	tiktok	tiktok	ADJ
spir-13433	21	20	access	access	NOUN
spir-13433	21	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	22	1	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	22	2	soft	soft	ADJ
spir-13433	22	3	violence	violence	NOUN
spir-13433	22	4	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	22	5	refers	refer	VERB
spir-13433	22	6	to	to	ADP
spir-13433	22	7	the	the	DET
spir-13433	22	8	practice	practice	NOUN
spir-13433	22	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	22	10	concealing	conceal	VERB
spir-13433	22	11	the	the	DET
spir-13433	22	12	unequal	unequal	ADJ
spir-13433	22	13	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13433	22	14	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	22	15	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	22	16	work	work	NOUN
spir-13433	22	17	via	via	ADP
spir-13433	22	18	the	the	DET
spir-13433	22	19	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN
spir-13433	22	20	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	22	21	a	a	DET
spir-13433	22	22	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13433	22	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	22	24	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	22	25	personalism	personalism	NOUN
spir-13433	22	26	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	22	27	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13433	22	28	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
spir-13433	22	29	amplifying	amplify	VERB
spir-13433	22	30	one	one	NUM
spir-13433	22	31	’s	’s	PART
spir-13433	22	32	control	control	NOUN
spir-13433	22	33	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	22	34	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	22	35	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	22	36	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13433	22	37	parreñas	parreñas	NOUN
spir-13433	22	38	et	et	PROPN
spir-13433	22	39	al	al	PROPN
spir-13433	22	40	.	.	PROPN
spir-13433	22	41	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13433	22	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13433	22	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	23	1	employers	employer	NOUN
spir-13433	23	2	claim	claim	VERB
spir-13433	23	3	to	to	PART
spir-13433	23	4	recognize	recognize	VERB
spir-13433	23	5	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	23	6	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	23	7	as	as	ADP
spir-13433	23	8	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	23	9	human	human	NOUN
spir-13433	23	10	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	23	11	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	23	12	relieving	relieve	VERB
spir-13433	23	13	servitude	servitude	NOUN
spir-13433	23	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	23	15	precarity	precarity	NOUN
spir-13433	23	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	24	1	however	however	ADV
spir-13433	24	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	24	3	at	at	ADP
spir-13433	24	4	the	the	DET
spir-13433	24	5	same	same	ADJ
spir-13433	24	6	time	time	NOUN
spir-13433	24	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	24	8	they	they	PRON
spir-13433	24	9	act	act	VERB
spir-13433	24	10	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	24	11	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	24	12	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13433	24	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	24	14	unequal	unequal	ADJ
spir-13433	24	15	dependency	dependency	NOUN
spir-13433	24	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	24	17	thus	thus	ADV
spir-13433	24	18	concurrently	concurrently	ADV
spir-13433	24	19	amplifying	amplifying	ADJ
spir-13433	24	20	servitude	servitude	NOUN
spir-13433	24	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	25	1	they	they	PRON
spir-13433	25	2	relieve	relieve	VERB
spir-13433	25	3	servitude	servitude	ADJ
spir-13433	25	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	25	5	various	various	ADJ
spir-13433	25	6	ways	way	NOUN
spir-13433	25	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	25	8	allocate	allocate	NOUN
spir-13433	25	9	breaks	break	NOUN
spir-13433	25	10	during	during	ADP
spir-13433	25	11	the	the	DET
spir-13433	25	12	day	day	NOUN
spir-13433	25	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	25	14	maintain	maintain	VERB
spir-13433	25	15	an	an	DET
spir-13433	25	16	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13433	25	17	open	open	ADJ
spir-13433	25	18	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN
spir-13433	25	19	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13433	25	20	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13433	25	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	25	22	grant	grant	VERB
spir-13433	25	23	a	a	DET
spir-13433	25	24	day	day	NOUN
spir-13433	25	25	off	off	ADV
spir-13433	25	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	25	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	25	28	give	give	VERB
spir-13433	25	29	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	25	30	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	25	31	access	access	NOUN
spir-13433	25	32	to	to	ADP
spir-13433	25	33	a	a	DET
spir-13433	25	34	mobile	mobile	ADJ
spir-13433	25	35	phone	phone	NOUN
spir-13433	25	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	25	37	including	include	VERB
spir-13433	25	38	the	the	DET
spir-13433	25	39	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13433	25	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	26	1	however	however	ADV
spir-13433	26	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	26	3	most	most	ADV
spir-13433	26	4	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
spir-13433	26	5	amplify	amplify	VERB
spir-13433	26	6	servitude	servitude	ADJ
spir-13433	26	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	27	1	employers	employer	NOUN
spir-13433	27	2	do	do	VERB
spir-13433	27	3	this	this	PRON
spir-13433	27	4	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13433	27	5	they	they	PRON
spir-13433	27	6	impose	impose	VERB
spir-13433	27	7	a	a	DET
spir-13433	27	8	'	'	PUNCT
spir-13433	27	9	partially	partially	ADV
spir-13433	27	10	open	open	ADJ
spir-13433	27	11	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN
spir-13433	27	12	'	'	PUNCT
spir-13433	27	13	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13433	27	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	27	15	maintain	maintain	VERB
spir-13433	27	16	a	a	DET
spir-13433	27	17	curfew	curfew	NOUN
spir-13433	27	18	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13433	27	19	impose	impose	VERB
spir-13433	27	20	temporal	temporal	ADJ
spir-13433	27	21	limits	limit	NOUN
spir-13433	27	22	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	27	23	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13433	27	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	27	25	mobile	mobile	ADJ
spir-13433	27	26	phone	phone	NOUN
spir-13433	27	27	access	access	NOUN
spir-13433	27	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	28	1	more	more	ADV
spir-13433	28	2	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-13433	28	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	28	4	most	most	ADJ
spir-13433	28	5	employers	employer	NOUN
spir-13433	28	6	magnify	magnify	VERB
spir-13433	28	7	the	the	DET
spir-13433	28	8	unfree	unfree	ADJ
spir-13433	28	9	status	status	NOUN
spir-13433	28	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	28	11	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	28	12	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	28	13	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13433	28	14	they	they	PRON
spir-13433	28	15	withhold	withhold	VERB
spir-13433	28	16	their	their	PRON
spir-13433	28	17	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	28	18	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	28	19	’	’	PART
spir-13433	28	20	salaries	salary	NOUN
spir-13433	28	21	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13433	28	22	subject	subject	VERB
spir-13433	28	23	them	they	PRON
spir-13433	28	24	to	to	ADP
spir-13433	28	25	a	a	DET
spir-13433	28	26	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13433	28	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	28	28	debt	debt	NOUN
spir-13433	28	29	bondage	bondage	NOUN
spir-13433	28	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13433	28	31	parreñas	parreñas	NOUN
spir-13433	28	32	et	et	PROPN
spir-13433	28	33	al	al	PROPN
spir-13433	28	34	.	.	PROPN
spir-13433	28	35	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13433	28	36	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13433	28	37	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	29	1	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	29	2	soft	soft	ADJ
spir-13433	29	3	violence	violence	NOUN
spir-13433	29	4	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	29	5	thus	thus	ADV
spir-13433	29	6	emerges	emerge	VERB
spir-13433	29	7	from	from	ADP
spir-13433	29	8	the	the	DET
spir-13433	29	9	paradoxical	paradoxical	ADJ
spir-13433	29	10	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13433	29	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	29	12	simultaneously	simultaneously	ADV
spir-13433	29	13	relieving	relieve	VERB
spir-13433	29	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	29	15	amplifying	amplifying	ADJ
spir-13433	29	16	servitude	servitude	NOUN
spir-13433	29	17	through	through	ADP
spir-13433	29	18	financial	financial	ADJ
spir-13433	29	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	29	20	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13433	29	21	restrictions	restriction	NOUN
spir-13433	29	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	30	1	thus	thus	ADV
spir-13433	30	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	30	3	this	this	DET
spir-13433	30	4	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13433	30	5	asks	ask	VERB
spir-13433	30	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	30	7	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13433	30	8	does	do	AUX
spir-13433	30	9	"	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	30	10	soft	soft	ADJ
spir-13433	30	11	violence	violence	NOUN
spir-13433	30	12	"	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	30	13	manifest	manifest	NOUN
spir-13433	30	14	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	30	15	fdw	fdw	NOUN
spir-13433	30	16	content	content	NOUN
spir-13433	30	17	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	30	18	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13433	30	19	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13433	31	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13433	31	2	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-13433	31	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	31	4	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13433	31	5	2000	2000	NUM
spir-13433	31	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	32	1	doing	do	VERB
spir-13433	32	2	the	the	DET
spir-13433	32	3	dirty	dirty	ADJ
spir-13433	32	4	work	work	NOUN
spir-13433	32	5	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13433	33	1	the	the	DET
spir-13433	33	2	global	global	ADJ
spir-13433	33	3	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13433	33	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	33	5	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	33	6	labour	labour	NOUN
spir-13433	33	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	34	1	london	london	PROPN
spir-13433	34	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	34	3	zed	zed	NUM
spir-13433	34	4	books	book	NOUN
spir-13433	34	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	35	1	bakan	bakan	PROPN
spir-13433	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	35	3	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13433	35	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	35	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	35	6	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13433	35	7	stasiulis	stasiulis	PROPN
spir-13433	35	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	36	1	2005	2005	NUM
spir-13433	36	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	37	1	negotiating	negotiate	VERB
spir-13433	37	2	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
spir-13433	37	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	37	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
spir-13433	37	5	women	woman	NOUN
spir-13433	37	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	37	7	canada	canada	PROPN
spir-13433	37	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	37	9	the	the	DET
spir-13433	37	10	global	global	ADJ
spir-13433	37	11	system	system	NOUN
spir-13433	37	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	38	1	toronto	toronto	PROPN
spir-13433	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	38	3	on	on	ADP
spir-13433	38	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	38	5	university	university	NOUN
spir-13433	38	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	38	7	toronto	toronto	PROPN
spir-13433	38	8	press	press	PROPN
spir-13433	38	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	39	1	lan	lan	PROPN
spir-13433	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	39	3	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13433	39	4	2007	2007	NUM
spir-13433	39	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	40	1	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	40	2	legal	legal	ADJ
spir-13433	40	3	servitude	servitude	NOUN
spir-13433	40	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	40	5	free	free	ADJ
spir-13433	40	6	illegality	illegality	NOUN
spir-13433	40	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	40	8	migrant	migrant	ADJ
spir-13433	40	9	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13433	40	10	guest	guest	NOUN
spir-13433	40	11	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13433	40	12	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	40	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	40	14	taiwan	taiwan	PROPN
spir-13433	40	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	40	16	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13433	41	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	41	2	asian	asian	ADJ
spir-13433	41	3	diasporas	diaspora	NOUN
spir-13433	41	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	41	5	new	new	ADJ
spir-13433	41	6	formations	formation	NOUN
spir-13433	41	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	41	8	new	new	ADJ
spir-13433	41	9	conceptions	conception	NOUN
spir-13433	41	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	41	11	edited	edit	VERB
spir-13433	41	12	by	by	ADP
spir-13433	41	13	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13433	41	14	parreñas	parreñas	PROPN
spir-13433	41	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	41	16	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13433	41	17	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13433	41	18	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13433	41	19	siu	siu	PROPN
spir-13433	41	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	41	21	253–278	253–278	NUM
spir-13433	41	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	42	1	stanford	stanford	PROPN
spir-13433	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	42	3	ca	ca	PROPN
spir-13433	42	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	42	5	stanford	stanford	PROPN
spir-13433	42	6	university	university	PROPN
spir-13433	42	7	press	press	NOUN
spir-13433	42	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	43	1	liebelt	liebelt	PROPN
spir-13433	43	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	43	3	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13433	43	4	2011	2011	NUM
spir-13433	43	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	44	1	caring	care	VERB
spir-13433	44	2	for	for	ADP
spir-13433	44	3	the	the	DET
spir-13433	44	4	holy	holy	ADJ
spir-13433	44	5	land	land	NOUN
spir-13433	44	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	44	7	filipina	filipina	VERB
spir-13433	44	8	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	44	9	workers	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	44	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	44	11	israel	israel	PROPN
spir-13433	44	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	45	1	new	new	PROPN
spir-13433	45	2	york	york	PROPN
spir-13433	45	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	45	4	berghahn	berghahn	NOUN
spir-13433	45	5	books	book	NOUN
spir-13433	45	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	46	1	mahdavi	mahdavi	PROPN
spir-13433	46	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	46	3	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13433	46	4	2011	2011	NUM
spir-13433	46	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	47	1	gridlock	gridlock	NOUN
spir-13433	47	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	47	3	labor	labor	NOUN
spir-13433	47	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	47	5	migration	migration	NOUN
spir-13433	47	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	47	7	trafficking	trafficking	NOUN
spir-13433	47	8	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	47	9	dubai	dubai	PROPN
spir-13433	47	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	48	1	stanford	stanford	PROPN
spir-13433	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	48	3	ca	ca	PROPN
spir-13433	48	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	48	5	stanford	stanford	PROPN
spir-13433	48	6	university	university	PROPN
spir-13433	48	7	press	press	NOUN
spir-13433	48	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	49	1	parreñas	parreñas	PROPN
spir-13433	49	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	49	3	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13433	49	4	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13433	49	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	49	6	kantachote	kantachote	PROPN
spir-13433	49	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	49	8	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13433	49	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	49	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13433	49	11	silvey	silvey	PROPN
spir-13433	49	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	49	13	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13433	49	14	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13433	49	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	50	1	soft	soft	ADJ
spir-13433	50	2	violence	violence	NOUN
spir-13433	50	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13433	50	4	migrant	migrant	ADJ
spir-13433	50	5	domestic	domestic	ADJ
spir-13433	50	6	worker	worker	NOUN
spir-13433	50	7	precarity	precarity	NOUN
spir-13433	50	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	50	9	the	the	DET
spir-13433	50	10	management	management	NOUN
spir-13433	50	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	50	12	unfree	unfree	ADJ
spir-13433	50	13	labour	labour	NOUN
spir-13433	50	14	in	in	ADP
spir-13433	50	15	singapore	singapore	PROPN
spir-13433	50	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13433	51	1	journal	journal	PROPN
spir-13433	51	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13433	51	3	ethnic	ethnic	ADJ
spir-13433	51	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13433	51	5	migration	migration	NOUN
spir-13433	51	6	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13433	51	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	51	8	47(20	47(20	NUM
spir-13433	51	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13433	51	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13433	51	11	4671	4671	NUM
spir-13433	51	12	-	-	SYM
spir-13433	51	13	4687	4687	NUM
spir-13433	51	14	.	.	PUNCT