id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-13454	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-13454	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-13454	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-13454	1	5	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13454	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-13454	1	8	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13454	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13454	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13454	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-13454	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-13454	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13454	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13454	1	17	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13454	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	19	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13454	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	21	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13454	1	22	/	/	SYM
spir-13454	1	23	18	18	NUM
spir-13454	1	24	-	-	SYM
spir-13454	1	25	21	21	NUM
spir-13454	1	26	oct	oct	PROPN
spir-13454	1	27	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13454	1	28	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-13454	1	29	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-13454	1	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	31	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-13454	1	32	):	):	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	33	mahetaji	mahetaji	PROPN
spir-13454	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	35	k	k	PROPN
spir-13454	1	36	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	1	37	nieborg	nieborg	PROPN
spir-13454	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	39	d.b	d.b	PROPN
spir-13454	1	40	.	.	PROPN
spir-13454	1	41	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	42	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13454	1	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	44	october	october	PROPN
spir-13454	1	45	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	1	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	2	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	2	2	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13454	2	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	2	4	evolution	evolution	NOUN
spir-13454	2	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	2	6	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	2	7	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	2	8	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	2	9	tool	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	2	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	3	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13454	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-13454	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-13454	3	4	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13454	3	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	3	6	the	the	DET
spir-13454	3	7	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13454	3	8	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13454	3	9	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13454	3	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	3	11	the	the	DET
spir-13454	3	12	association	association	NOUN
spir-13454	3	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	3	14	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13454	3	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13454	3	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	4	1	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13454	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	4	3	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13454	4	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	4	5	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13454	4	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	4	7	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-13454	4	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	4	9	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-13454	4	10	from	from	ADP
spir-13454	4	11	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-13454	4	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	5	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	5	2	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13454	5	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	5	4	evolution	evolution	NOUN
spir-13454	5	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	5	6	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	5	7	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	5	8	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	5	9	tool	tool	PROPN
spir-13454	5	10	kaushar	kaushar	PROPN
spir-13454	5	11	mahetaji	mahetaji	PROPN
spir-13454	5	12	university	university	PROPN
spir-13454	5	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	5	14	toronto	toronto	PROPN
spir-13454	5	15	david	david	PROPN
spir-13454	5	16	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13454	5	17	nieborg	nieborg	PROPN
spir-13454	5	18	university	university	PROPN
spir-13454	5	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	5	20	toronto	toronto	PROPN
spir-13454	5	21	introduction	introduction	PROPN
spir-13454	5	22	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	5	23	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	5	24	unprecedented	unprecedented	ADJ
spir-13454	5	25	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-13454	5	26	challenges	challenge	VERB
spir-13454	5	27	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
spir-13454	5	28	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
spir-13454	5	29	about	about	ADP
spir-13454	5	30	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	5	31	creativity	creativity	NOUN
spir-13454	5	32	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	5	33	kaye	kaye	PROPN
spir-13454	5	34	et	et	PROPN
spir-13454	5	35	al	al	PROPN
spir-13454	5	36	.	.	PROPN
spir-13454	5	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	5	38	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	5	39	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	5	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	6	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	6	2	september	september	PROPN
spir-13454	6	3	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	6	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	6	5	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	6	6	a	a	DET
spir-13454	6	7	market	market	NOUN
spir-13454	6	8	dominated	dominate	VERB
spir-13454	6	9	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	6	10	incumbent	incumbent	ADJ
spir-13454	6	11	social	social	ADJ
spir-13454	6	12	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	6	13	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	6	14	companies	company	NOUN
spir-13454	6	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	6	16	the	the	DET
spir-13454	6	17	short	short	ADJ
spir-13454	6	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	6	19	form	form	NOUN
spir-13454	6	20	video	video	NOUN
spir-13454	6	21	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	6	22	accumulated	accumulate	VERB
spir-13454	6	23	over	over	ADP
spir-13454	6	24	one	one	NUM
spir-13454	6	25	billion	billion	NUM
spir-13454	6	26	monthly	monthly	ADJ
spir-13454	6	27	active	active	ADJ
spir-13454	6	28	users	user	NOUN
spir-13454	6	29	globally	globally	ADV
spir-13454	6	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	6	31	silberling	silberle	VERB
spir-13454	6	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	6	33	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	6	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	6	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	7	2	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13454	7	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13454	7	4	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13454	7	5	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	7	6	the	the	DET
spir-13454	7	7	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	7	8	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	7	9	success	success	NOUN
spir-13454	7	10	is	be	AUX
spir-13454	7	11	its	its	PRON
spir-13454	7	12	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
spir-13454	7	13	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	7	14	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	7	15	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	7	16	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	17	the	the	DET
spir-13454	7	18	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	7	19	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	20	based	base	VERB
spir-13454	7	21	instruments	instrument	NOUN
spir-13454	7	22	used	use	VERB
spir-13454	7	23	to	to	PART
spir-13454	7	24	make	make	VERB
spir-13454	7	25	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	7	26	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	7	27	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	7	28	social	social	ADJ
spir-13454	7	29	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	7	30	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	7	31	—	—	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	32	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13454	7	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	34	visual	visual	ADJ
spir-13454	7	35	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-13454	7	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	37	audio	audio	NOUN
spir-13454	7	38	libraries	library	NOUN
spir-13454	7	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	40	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	7	41	application	application	NOUN
spir-13454	7	42	programming	programming	NOUN
spir-13454	7	43	interfaces	interface	NOUN
spir-13454	7	44	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	45	apis	apis	ADJ
spir-13454	7	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	7	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	8	2	predecessors	predecessor	NOUN
spir-13454	8	3	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	8	4	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	8	5	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	8	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	7	i.e.	i.e.	X
spir-13454	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	9	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	8	10	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	8	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	12	provided	provide	VERB
spir-13454	8	13	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-13454	8	14	functionality	functionality	NOUN
spir-13454	8	15	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	8	16	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	8	17	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	8	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	8	20	their	their	PRON
spir-13454	8	21	study	study	NOUN
spir-13454	8	22	was	be	AUX
spir-13454	8	23	at	at	ADP
spir-13454	8	24	the	the	DET
spir-13454	8	25	forefront	forefront	NOUN
spir-13454	8	26	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	8	27	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	8	28	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	8	29	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	8	30	the	the	DET
spir-13454	8	31	early	early	ADJ
spir-13454	8	32	2010s	2010	NOUN
spir-13454	8	33	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	34	manovich	manovich	NOUN
spir-13454	8	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	36	2013	2013	NUM
spir-13454	8	37	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	38	salter	salter	PROPN
spir-13454	8	39	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	8	40	murray	murray	PROPN
spir-13454	8	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	42	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13454	8	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	8	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	9	1	both	both	PRON
spir-13454	9	2	are	be	AUX
spir-13454	9	3	widely	widely	ADV
spir-13454	9	4	used	use	VERB
spir-13454	9	5	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	9	6	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	9	7	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	9	8	today	today	NOUN
spir-13454	9	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	9	10	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13454	9	11	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	9	12	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	9	13	differ	differ	VERB
spir-13454	9	14	in	in	SCONJ
spir-13454	9	15	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13454	9	16	their	their	PRON
spir-13454	9	17	ownership	ownership	NOUN
spir-13454	9	18	remained	remain	VERB
spir-13454	9	19	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-13454	9	20	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	9	21	distribution	distribution	NOUN
spir-13454	9	22	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	9	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	9	24	monetization	monetization	NOUN
spir-13454	9	25	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13454	9	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	10	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	10	2	this	this	DET
spir-13454	10	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13454	10	4	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	10	5	further	far	ADV
spir-13454	10	6	tease	tease	VERB
spir-13454	10	7	out	out	ADP
spir-13454	10	8	the	the	DET
spir-13454	10	9	distinction	distinction	NOUN
spir-13454	10	10	between	between	ADP
spir-13454	10	11	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	10	12	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	10	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	10	14	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	10	15	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	10	16	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	10	17	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	10	18	to	to	PART
spir-13454	10	19	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
spir-13454	10	20	historical	historical	ADJ
spir-13454	10	21	continuities	continuity	NOUN
spir-13454	10	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	10	23	differentiate	differentiate	VERB
spir-13454	10	24	between	between	ADP
spir-13454	10	25	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	10	26	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	10	27	the	the	DET
spir-13454	10	28	preand	preand	NOUN
spir-13454	10	29	current	current	ADJ
spir-13454	10	30	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	10	31	age	age	NOUN
spir-13454	10	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	1	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	11	3	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	11	4	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	6	foxman	foxman	NOUN
spir-13454	11	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	8	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	11	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	10	are	be	AUX
spir-13454	11	11	provided	provide	VERB
spir-13454	11	12	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	11	13	transnational	transnational	ADJ
spir-13454	11	14	conglomerates	conglomerate	NOUN
spir-13454	11	15	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	11	16	follow	follow	VERB
spir-13454	11	17	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13454	11	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	19	oriented	orient	VERB
spir-13454	11	20	business	business	NOUN
spir-13454	11	21	models	model	NOUN
spir-13454	11	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	11	23	are	be	AUX
spir-13454	11	24	shaped	shape	VERB
spir-13454	11	25	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	11	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	11	28	shape	shape	VERB
spir-13454	11	29	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	30	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	11	31	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
spir-13454	11	32	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	33	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	34	srnicek	srnicek	NOUN
spir-13454	11	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	36	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13454	11	37	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	11	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	1	these	these	DET
spir-13454	12	2	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	12	3	contribute	contribute	VERB
spir-13454	12	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	5	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	12	6	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13454	12	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	8	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	12	9	increased	increase	VERB
spir-13454	12	10	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	12	11	dependence	dependence	NOUN
spir-13454	12	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	12	13	the	the	DET
spir-13454	12	14	further	further	ADJ
spir-13454	12	15	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	16	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13454	12	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	12	18	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	12	19	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	12	20	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	21	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13454	12	22	the	the	DET
spir-13454	12	23	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	24	extension	extension	NOUN
spir-13454	12	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	12	26	the	the	DET
spir-13454	12	27	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13454	12	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	29	governmental	governmental	ADJ
spir-13454	12	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	12	32	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-13454	12	33	frameworks	framework	NOUN
spir-13454	12	34	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	12	35	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	12	36	into	into	ADP
spir-13454	12	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	12	38	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13454	12	39	the	the	DET
spir-13454	12	40	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	12	41	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13454	12	42	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	43	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	44	poell	poell	NOUN
spir-13454	12	45	et	et	PROPN
spir-13454	12	46	al	al	PROPN
spir-13454	12	47	.	.	PROPN
spir-13454	12	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	49	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	12	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	51	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13454	12	52	6	6	NUM
spir-13454	12	53	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	12	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	13	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
spir-13454	13	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	13	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	13	4	suggest	suggest	VERB
spir-13454	13	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13454	13	6	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	13	7	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	13	8	form	form	VERB
spir-13454	13	9	a	a	DET
spir-13454	13	10	productive	productive	ADJ
spir-13454	13	11	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13454	13	12	entry	entry	NOUN
spir-13454	13	13	point	point	NOUN
spir-13454	13	14	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	13	15	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-13454	13	16	this	this	DET
spir-13454	13	17	process	process	NOUN
spir-13454	13	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	14	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
spir-13454	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	14	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	14	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
spir-13454	14	5	an	an	DET
spir-13454	14	6	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
spir-13454	14	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	14	8	political	political	ADJ
spir-13454	14	9	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13454	14	10	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13454	14	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	14	12	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	14	13	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	14	14	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	14	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	15	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13454	15	2	they	they	PRON
spir-13454	15	3	constantly	constantly	ADV
spir-13454	15	4	evolve	evolve	VERB
spir-13454	15	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	15	6	the	the	DET
spir-13454	15	7	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13454	15	8	between	between	ADP
spir-13454	15	9	the	the	DET
spir-13454	15	10	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	15	11	owner	owner	NOUN
spir-13454	15	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	15	13	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	15	14	creators	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	15	15	do	do	VERB
spir-13454	15	16	so	so	ADV
spir-13454	15	17	as	as	ADV
spir-13454	15	18	well	well	ADV
spir-13454	15	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	15	20	which	which	PRON
spir-13454	15	21	raises	raise	VERB
spir-13454	15	22	questions	question	NOUN
spir-13454	15	23	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	15	24	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	15	25	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13454	15	26	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	15	27	organize	organize	VERB
spir-13454	15	28	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13454	15	29	labour	labour	NOUN
spir-13454	15	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	15	31	exercise	exercise	VERB
spir-13454	15	32	power	power	NOUN
spir-13454	15	33	over	over	ADP
spir-13454	15	34	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	15	35	producers	producer	NOUN
spir-13454	15	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	16	1	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	16	2	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	16	3	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	16	4	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	16	5	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	16	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	16	7	information	information	NOUN
spir-13454	16	8	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13454	16	9	our	our	PRON
spir-13454	16	10	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13454	16	11	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13454	16	12	aligns	align	VERB
spir-13454	16	13	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	16	14	emerging	emerge	VERB
spir-13454	16	15	tool	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	16	16	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	16	17	based	base	VERB
spir-13454	16	18	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	16	19	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	16	20	identify	identify	VERB
spir-13454	16	21	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	16	22	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	16	23	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	16	24	a	a	DET
spir-13454	16	25	source	source	NOUN
spir-13454	16	26	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	16	27	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	16	28	power	power	NOUN
spir-13454	16	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	16	30	a	a	DET
spir-13454	16	31	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
spir-13454	16	32	through	through	ADP
spir-13454	16	33	which	which	PRON
spir-13454	16	34	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	16	35	govern	govern	VERB
spir-13454	16	36	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	16	37	author	author	NOUN
spir-13454	16	38	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	16	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	17	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	17	2	consult	consult	VERB
spir-13454	17	3	two	two	NUM
spir-13454	17	4	bodies	body	NOUN
spir-13454	17	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	17	6	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
spir-13454	17	7	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	17	8	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-13454	17	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	17	10	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13454	17	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	17	12	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	17	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	17	14	information	information	NOUN
spir-13454	17	15	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13454	17	16	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	17	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	1	much	much	ADJ
spir-13454	18	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	18	3	the	the	DET
spir-13454	18	4	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	18	5	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	6	related	relate	VERB
spir-13454	18	7	work	work	NOUN
spir-13454	18	8	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	18	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	18	10	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	18	11	concentrates	concentrate	VERB
spir-13454	18	12	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	18	13	human	human	ADJ
spir-13454	18	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	18	15	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
spir-13454	18	16	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	18	17	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13454	18	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	19	cunningham	cunningham	PROPN
spir-13454	18	20	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	18	21	craig	craig	PROPN
spir-13454	18	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	23	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	18	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	26	privacy	privacy	NOUN
spir-13454	18	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	28	greene	greene	PROPN
spir-13454	18	29	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	18	30	shilton	shilton	PROPN
spir-13454	18	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	32	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13454	18	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	18	36	creator	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	18	37	responses	response	NOUN
spir-13454	18	38	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	18	39	regulation	regulation	NOUN
spir-13454	18	40	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	41	duffy	duffy	PROPN
spir-13454	18	42	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	18	43	meisner	meisner	PROPN
spir-13454	18	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	45	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	18	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	18	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	1	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	19	2	focused	focus	VERB
spir-13454	19	3	research	research	NOUN
spir-13454	19	4	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	19	5	is	be	AUX
spir-13454	19	6	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13454	19	7	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	19	8	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	19	9	is	be	AUX
spir-13454	19	10	mainly	mainly	ADV
spir-13454	19	11	focuses	focus	VERB
spir-13454	19	12	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	19	13	the	the	DET
spir-13454	19	14	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	19	15	’s	’s	NOUN
spir-13454	19	16	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	19	17	you	you	PRON
spir-13454	19	18	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
spir-13454	19	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	20	zeng	zeng	PROPN
spir-13454	19	21	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	19	22	kaye	kaye	PROPN
spir-13454	19	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	24	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	19	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	27	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13454	19	28	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-13454	19	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	30	are	be	AUX
spir-13454	19	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	32	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	19	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	19	36	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
spir-13454	19	37	tensions	tension	NOUN
spir-13454	19	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	39	jia	jia	PROPN
spir-13454	19	40	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	19	41	liang	liang	PROPN
spir-13454	19	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	43	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	19	44	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	19	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	1	except	except	SCONJ
spir-13454	20	2	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	20	3	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	20	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	20	5	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	6	game	game	NOUN
spir-13454	20	7	engine	engine	NOUN
spir-13454	20	8	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	9	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	20	10	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	20	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	12	foxman	foxman	NOUN
spir-13454	20	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	14	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	20	15	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	16	nicoll	nicoll	PROPN
spir-13454	20	17	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	20	18	keogh	keogh	PROPN
spir-13454	20	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	20	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	20	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	23	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	20	24	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	20	25	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13454	20	26	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	20	27	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	20	28	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	20	29	is	be	AUX
spir-13454	20	30	relatively	relatively	ADV
spir-13454	20	31	scarce	scarce	ADJ
spir-13454	20	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	33	albeit	albeit	SCONJ
spir-13454	20	34	a	a	DET
spir-13454	20	35	few	few	ADJ
spir-13454	20	36	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-13454	20	37	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	20	38	probing	probe	VERB
spir-13454	20	39	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13454	20	40	apis	apis	ADJ
spir-13454	20	41	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	20	42	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	20	43	development	development	NOUN
spir-13454	20	44	kits	kit	NOUN
spir-13454	20	45	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	46	sdks	sdks	NOUN
spir-13454	20	47	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	48	steer	steer	NOUN
spir-13454	20	49	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	20	50	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	20	51	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	20	52	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	20	53	power	power	NOUN
spir-13454	20	54	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	55	helmond	helmond	NOUN
spir-13454	20	56	et	et	PROPN
spir-13454	20	57	al	al	PROPN
spir-13454	20	58	.	.	PROPN
spir-13454	20	59	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	60	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	20	61	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	20	62	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	21	1	because	because	SCONJ
spir-13454	21	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	21	3	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13454	21	4	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13454	21	5	tends	tend	VERB
spir-13454	21	6	to	to	PART
spir-13454	21	7	lack	lack	VERB
spir-13454	21	8	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
spir-13454	21	9	specificity	specificity	NOUN
spir-13454	21	10	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13454	21	11	it	it	PRON
spir-13454	21	12	comes	come	VERB
spir-13454	21	13	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	21	14	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	21	15	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	21	16	it	it	PRON
spir-13454	21	17	started	start	VERB
spir-13454	21	18	to	to	PART
spir-13454	21	19	incorporate	incorporate	VERB
spir-13454	21	20	information	information	NOUN
spir-13454	21	21	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13454	21	22	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13454	21	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	22	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	22	2	socalled	socalled	ADJ
spir-13454	22	3	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	22	4	boundary	boundary	ADJ
spir-13454	22	5	resource	resource	NOUN
spir-13454	22	6	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	22	7	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-13454	22	8	is	be	AUX
spir-13454	22	9	used	use	VERB
spir-13454	22	10	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13454	22	11	it	it	PRON
spir-13454	22	12	offers	offer	VERB
spir-13454	22	13	a	a	DET
spir-13454	22	14	clear	clear	ADJ
spir-13454	22	15	typology	typology	NOUN
spir-13454	22	16	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	22	17	classifying	classify	VERB
spir-13454	22	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	22	19	assessing	assess	VERB
spir-13454	22	20	the	the	DET
spir-13454	22	21	role	role	NOUN
spir-13454	22	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	22	23	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	22	24	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	22	25	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	22	26	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	22	27	owner	owner	NOUN
spir-13454	22	28	/	/	SYM
spir-13454	22	29	end	end	NOUN
spir-13454	22	30	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	22	31	user	user	NOUN
spir-13454	22	32	relationships	relationship	NOUN
spir-13454	22	33	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	22	34	ghazawneh	ghazawneh	PROPN
spir-13454	22	35	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	22	36	henfridsson	henfridsson	PROPN
spir-13454	22	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	22	38	2013	2013	NUM
spir-13454	22	39	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	22	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	23	1	such	such	ADJ
spir-13454	23	2	resources	resource	NOUN
spir-13454	23	3	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	23	4	serve	serve	VERB
spir-13454	23	5	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	23	6	the	the	DET
spir-13454	23	7	interface	interface	NOUN
spir-13454	23	8	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	23	9	the	the	DET
spir-13454	23	10	arm	arm	NOUN
spir-13454	23	11	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	23	12	length	length	NOUN
spir-13454	23	13	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13454	23	14	between	between	ADP
spir-13454	23	15	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	23	16	owner	owner	NOUN
spir-13454	23	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	23	18	application	application	NOUN
spir-13454	23	19	developer	developer	NOUN
spir-13454	23	20	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	23	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	23	22	ibid	ibid	NOUN
spir-13454	23	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	23	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	23	25	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13454	23	26	175	175	NUM
spir-13454	23	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	23	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	24	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	24	2	build	build	VERB
spir-13454	24	3	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	24	4	this	this	DET
spir-13454	24	5	definition	definition	NOUN
spir-13454	24	6	to	to	PART
spir-13454	24	7	include	include	VERB
spir-13454	24	8	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	24	9	creators	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	24	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	24	11	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	24	12	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	24	13	to	to	PART
spir-13454	24	14	examine	examine	VERB
spir-13454	24	15	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13454	24	16	a	a	DET
spir-13454	24	17	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	24	18	owner	owner	NOUN
spir-13454	24	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	24	20	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	24	21	our	our	PRON
spir-13454	24	22	case	case	NOUN
spir-13454	24	23	bytedance	bytedance	NOUN
spir-13454	24	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	24	25	uses	use	VERB
spir-13454	24	26	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	24	27	to	to	PART
spir-13454	24	28	balance	balance	VERB
spir-13454	24	29	user	user	NOUN
spir-13454	24	30	creativity	creativity	NOUN
spir-13454	24	31	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	24	32	the	the	DET
spir-13454	24	33	ability	ability	NOUN
spir-13454	24	34	to	to	PART
spir-13454	24	35	control	control	VERB
spir-13454	24	36	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	24	37	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	24	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	25	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	25	2	studying	study	VERB
spir-13454	25	3	the	the	DET
spir-13454	25	4	evolution	evolution	NOUN
spir-13454	25	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	25	6	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	25	7	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	25	8	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	25	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	25	10	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	25	11	attempt	attempt	VERB
spir-13454	25	12	to	to	PART
spir-13454	25	13	make	make	VERB
spir-13454	25	14	this	this	DET
spir-13454	25	15	balancing	balancing	NOUN
spir-13454	25	16	act	act	NOUN
spir-13454	25	17	more	more	ADV
spir-13454	25	18	explicit	explicit	ADJ
spir-13454	25	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	26	1	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	26	2	historiography	historiography	NOUN
spir-13454	26	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	26	4	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13454	26	5	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	26	6	periodizing	periodize	VERB
spir-13454	26	7	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	26	8	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	26	9	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	26	10	start	start	VERB
spir-13454	26	11	our	our	PRON
spir-13454	26	12	historical	historical	ADJ
spir-13454	26	13	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-13454	26	14	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	26	15	bytedance	bytedance	NOUN
spir-13454	26	16	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	26	17	entry	entry	NOUN
spir-13454	26	18	into	into	ADP
spir-13454	26	19	the	the	DET
spir-13454	26	20	international	international	ADJ
spir-13454	26	21	market	market	NOUN
spir-13454	26	22	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	26	23	september	september	PROPN
spir-13454	26	24	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13454	26	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	26	26	end	end	VERB
spir-13454	26	27	our	our	PRON
spir-13454	26	28	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13454	26	29	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	26	30	april	april	PROPN
spir-13454	26	31	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	26	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	1	because	because	SCONJ
spir-13454	27	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	27	3	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	27	4	evolve	evolve	VERB
spir-13454	27	5	over	over	ADP
spir-13454	27	6	time	time	NOUN
spir-13454	27	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	8	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	27	9	draw	draw	VERB
spir-13454	27	10	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	27	11	the	the	DET
spir-13454	27	12	method	method	NOUN
spir-13454	27	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	27	14	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	15	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	27	16	historiography	historiography	NOUN
spir-13454	27	17	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	19	helmond	helmond	PROPN
spir-13454	27	20	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	27	21	van	van	PROPN
spir-13454	27	22	der	der	PROPN
spir-13454	27	23	vlist	vlist	NOUN
spir-13454	27	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	25	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	27	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	27	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	27	28	collecting	collect	VERB
spir-13454	27	29	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	27	30	documentation	documentation	NOUN
spir-13454	27	31	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	32	i.e.	i.e.	X
spir-13454	27	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	34	github	github	NOUN
spir-13454	27	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	36	stack	stack	NOUN
spir-13454	27	37	overflow	overflow	NOUN
spir-13454	27	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	39	pypi	pypi	NOUN
spir-13454	27	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	41	rapid	rapid	ADJ
spir-13454	27	42	api	api	NOUN
spir-13454	27	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	27	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	27	45	news	news	NOUN
spir-13454	27	46	articles	article	NOUN
spir-13454	27	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	1	during	during	ADP
spir-13454	28	2	the	the	DET
spir-13454	28	3	period	period	NOUN
spir-13454	28	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	28	5	study	study	NOUN
spir-13454	28	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	7	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	28	8	assessed	assess	VERB
spir-13454	28	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	10	1	1	X
spir-13454	28	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	12	the	the	DET
spir-13454	28	13	types	type	NOUN
spir-13454	28	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	28	15	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	28	16	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	28	17	available	available	ADJ
spir-13454	28	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	19	sanctioned	sanction	VERB
spir-13454	28	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	28	21	unsanctioned	unsanctione	VERB
spir-13454	28	22	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	28	23	the	the	DET
spir-13454	28	24	company	company	NOUN
spir-13454	28	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	28	27	their	their	PRON
spir-13454	28	28	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13454	28	29	affordances	affordance	NOUN
spir-13454	28	30	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	31	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	32	2	2	X
spir-13454	28	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	34	the	the	DET
spir-13454	28	35	social	social	ADJ
spir-13454	28	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	37	political	political	ADJ
spir-13454	28	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	39	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	28	40	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13454	28	41	environment(s	environment(s	PROPN
spir-13454	28	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	43	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	28	44	actor(s	actor(s	NOUN
spir-13454	28	45	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	46	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	28	47	guide	guide	VERB
spir-13454	28	48	the	the	DET
spir-13454	28	49	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-13454	28	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	51	modification	modification	NOUN
spir-13454	28	52	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	53	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	28	54	deprecation	deprecation	NOUN
spir-13454	28	55	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	28	56	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	28	57	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	58	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	28	59	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	60	3	3	X
spir-13454	28	61	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	62	the	the	DET
spir-13454	28	63	impact	impact	NOUN
spir-13454	28	64	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	28	65	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	28	66	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	28	67	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	28	68	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13454	28	69	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	28	70	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	28	71	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	28	72	dependent	dependent	ADJ
spir-13454	28	73	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	28	74	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	28	75	work	work	NOUN
spir-13454	28	76	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	29	1	then	then	ADV
spir-13454	29	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	29	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	29	4	juxtaposed	juxtapose	VERB
spir-13454	29	5	this	this	DET
spir-13454	29	6	assessment	assessment	NOUN
spir-13454	29	7	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	29	8	three	three	NUM
spir-13454	29	9	secondary	secondary	ADJ
spir-13454	29	10	timelines	timeline	NOUN
spir-13454	29	11	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	29	12	the	the	DET
spir-13454	29	13	first	first	ADJ
spir-13454	29	14	maps	map	VERB
spir-13454	29	15	the	the	DET
spir-13454	29	16	changes	change	NOUN
spir-13454	29	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	29	18	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	29	19	features	feature	NOUN
spir-13454	29	20	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	29	21	end	end	NOUN
spir-13454	29	22	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	29	23	users	user	NOUN
spir-13454	29	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	29	25	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13454	29	26	the	the	DET
spir-13454	29	27	second	second	ADJ
spir-13454	29	28	charts	chart	NOUN
spir-13454	29	29	major	major	ADJ
spir-13454	29	30	financial	financial	ADJ
spir-13454	29	31	decisions	decision	NOUN
spir-13454	29	32	taken	take	VERB
spir-13454	29	33	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	29	34	bytedance	bytedance	NOUN
spir-13454	29	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	30	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	30	2	final	final	ADJ
spir-13454	30	3	timeline	timeline	NOUN
spir-13454	30	4	provides	provide	VERB
spir-13454	30	5	an	an	DET
spir-13454	30	6	overview	overview	NOUN
spir-13454	30	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	30	8	significant	significant	ADJ
spir-13454	30	9	legal	legal	ADJ
spir-13454	30	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	30	11	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
spir-13454	30	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	30	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	30	14	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-13454	30	15	shifts	shift	NOUN
spir-13454	30	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	31	1	these	these	DET
spir-13454	31	2	secondary	secondary	ADJ
spir-13454	31	3	timelines	timeline	NOUN
spir-13454	31	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
spir-13454	31	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13454	31	6	the	the	DET
spir-13454	31	7	evolution	evolution	NOUN
spir-13454	31	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	31	9	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	31	10	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	31	11	is	be	AUX
spir-13454	31	12	always	always	ADV
spir-13454	31	13	inherently	inherently	ADV
spir-13454	31	14	contextual	contextual	ADJ
spir-13454	31	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	31	16	deeply	deeply	ADV
spir-13454	31	17	political	political	ADJ
spir-13454	31	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	32	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	32	2	studying	study	VERB
spir-13454	32	3	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	32	4	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	32	5	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	32	6	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	32	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	32	8	our	our	PRON
spir-13454	32	9	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13454	32	10	uncovers	uncover	NOUN
spir-13454	32	11	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13454	32	12	tiktok	tiktok	ADJ
spir-13454	32	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	32	14	since	since	SCONJ
spir-13454	32	15	its	its	PRON
spir-13454	32	16	inception	inception	NOUN
spir-13454	32	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	32	18	has	have	AUX
spir-13454	32	19	worked	work	VERB
spir-13454	32	20	toward	toward	ADP
spir-13454	32	21	expanding	expand	VERB
spir-13454	32	22	the	the	DET
spir-13454	32	23	breadth	breadth	NOUN
spir-13454	32	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	32	25	depth	depth	NOUN
spir-13454	32	26	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	32	27	its	its	PRON
spir-13454	32	28	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	32	29	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	32	30	app	app	NOUN
spir-13454	32	31	toolkit	toolkit	NOUN
spir-13454	32	32	through	through	ADP
spir-13454	32	33	mergers	merger	NOUN
spir-13454	32	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	32	35	acquisitions	acquisition	NOUN
spir-13454	32	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	32	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	32	38	strategic	strategic	ADJ
spir-13454	32	39	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
spir-13454	32	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	33	2	discern	discern	VERB
spir-13454	33	3	three	three	NUM
spir-13454	33	4	periods	period	NOUN
spir-13454	33	5	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	33	6	break	break	VERB
spir-13454	33	7	down	down	ADP
spir-13454	33	8	into	into	ADP
spir-13454	33	9	the	the	DET
spir-13454	33	10	formalization	formalization	NOUN
spir-13454	33	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	33	12	professionalization	professionalization	NOUN
spir-13454	33	13	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-13454	33	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	15	august	august	PROPN
spir-13454	33	16	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13454	33	17	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	33	18	april	april	PROPN
spir-13454	33	19	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13454	33	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	21	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	22	the	the	DET
spir-13454	33	23	standardization	standardization	NOUN
spir-13454	33	24	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-13454	33	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	26	may	may	AUX
spir-13454	33	27	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13454	33	28	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	33	29	march	march	PROPN
spir-13454	33	30	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	33	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	32	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	33	34	the	the	DET
spir-13454	33	35	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13454	33	36	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-13454	33	37	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	38	april	april	PROPN
spir-13454	33	39	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	33	40	tot	tot	PROPN
spir-13454	33	41	april	april	PROPN
spir-13454	33	42	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	33	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	33	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	34	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	34	2	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13454	34	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	34	4	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	34	5	started	start	VERB
spir-13454	34	6	out	out	ADP
spir-13454	34	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	34	8	supplying	supply	VERB
spir-13454	34	9	an	an	DET
spir-13454	34	10	all	all	ADV
spir-13454	34	11	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	34	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	34	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	34	14	one	one	NUM
spir-13454	34	15	set	set	NOUN
spir-13454	34	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	34	17	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	34	18	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	34	19	recording	recording	NOUN
spir-13454	34	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	34	21	editing	editing	NOUN
spir-13454	34	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	34	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	34	24	distributing	distribute	VERB
spir-13454	34	25	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	34	26	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	34	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	34	28	resourcing	resourcing	NOUN
spir-13454	34	29	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	34	30	from	from	ADP
spir-13454	34	31	its	its	PRON
spir-13454	34	32	musical.ly	musical.ly	NUM
spir-13454	34	33	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
spir-13454	34	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	35	1	these	these	DET
spir-13454	35	2	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	35	3	were	be	AUX
spir-13454	35	4	intended	intend	VERB
spir-13454	35	5	to	to	PART
spir-13454	35	6	be	be	AUX
spir-13454	35	7	used	use	VERB
spir-13454	35	8	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	35	9	creators	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	35	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	35	11	were	be	AUX
spir-13454	35	12	largely	largely	ADV
spir-13454	35	13	co	co	VERB
spir-13454	35	14	-	-	VERB
spir-13454	35	15	developed	develop	VERB
spir-13454	35	16	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	35	17	third	third	ADJ
spir-13454	35	18	parties	party	NOUN
spir-13454	35	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	35	20	from	from	ADP
spir-13454	35	21	e	e	NOUN
spir-13454	35	22	-	-	NOUN
spir-13454	35	23	commerce	commerce	NOUN
spir-13454	35	24	companies	company	NOUN
spir-13454	35	25	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	35	26	game	game	NOUN
spir-13454	35	27	developers	developer	NOUN
spir-13454	35	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	36	2	apps	app	NOUN
spir-13454	36	3	’	’	PART
spir-13454	36	4	rapid	rapid	ADJ
spir-13454	36	5	ascendence	ascendence	NOUN
spir-13454	36	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	7	which	which	PRON
spir-13454	36	8	marks	mark	VERB
spir-13454	36	9	the	the	DET
spir-13454	36	10	first	first	ADJ
spir-13454	36	11	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-13454	36	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	13	put	put	VERB
spir-13454	36	14	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	36	15	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	36	16	directly	directly	ADV
spir-13454	36	17	under	under	ADP
spir-13454	36	18	the	the	DET
spir-13454	36	19	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
spir-13454	36	20	gaze	gaze	NOUN
spir-13454	36	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	36	22	bytedance	bytedance	NOUN
spir-13454	36	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	24	transitioning	transition	VERB
spir-13454	36	25	away	away	ADV
spir-13454	36	26	from	from	ADP
spir-13454	36	27	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	36	28	creation	creation	NOUN
spir-13454	36	29	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	36	30	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	31	informal	informal	ADJ
spir-13454	36	32	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13454	36	33	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-13454	36	34	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	35	seen	see	VERB
spir-13454	36	36	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	36	37	the	the	DET
spir-13454	36	38	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	39	web	web	NOUN
spir-13454	36	40	2.0	2.0	NUM
spir-13454	36	41	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	42	era	era	NOUN
spir-13454	36	43	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	44	lobato	lobato	PROPN
spir-13454	36	45	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	36	46	thomas	thomas	PROPN
spir-13454	36	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	48	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13454	36	49	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	36	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	37	1	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	37	2	a	a	DET
spir-13454	37	3	result	result	NOUN
spir-13454	37	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	37	5	the	the	DET
spir-13454	37	6	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	37	7	themselves	themselves	PRON
spir-13454	37	8	focused	focus	VERB
spir-13454	37	9	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	37	10	more	more	ADJ
spir-13454	37	11	polished	polished	ADJ
spir-13454	37	12	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	37	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	37	14	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13454	37	15	the	the	DET
spir-13454	37	16	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	37	17	partnered	partner	VERB
spir-13454	37	18	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	37	19	incumbent	incumbent	ADJ
spir-13454	37	20	editing	edit	VERB
spir-13454	37	21	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	37	22	companies	company	NOUN
spir-13454	37	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	37	24	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	37	25	example	example	NOUN
spir-13454	37	26	introducing	introduce	VERB
spir-13454	37	27	a	a	DET
spir-13454	37	28	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	37	29	development	development	NOUN
spir-13454	37	30	kit	kit	NOUN
spir-13454	37	31	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	37	32	sdk	sdk	NOUN
spir-13454	37	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	37	34	developed	develop	VERB
spir-13454	37	35	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	37	36	adobe	adobe	PROPN
spir-13454	37	37	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	37	38	november	november	PROPN
spir-13454	37	39	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	37	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	38	1	second	second	ADJ
spir-13454	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	38	3	starting	start	VERB
spir-13454	38	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	38	5	may	may	PROPN
spir-13454	38	6	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13454	38	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	38	8	no	no	DET
spir-13454	38	9	major	major	ADJ
spir-13454	38	10	thirdparty	thirdparty	NOUN
spir-13454	38	11	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	38	12	were	be	AUX
spir-13454	38	13	introduced	introduce	VERB
spir-13454	38	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	38	15	mainly	mainly	ADV
spir-13454	38	16	revisions	revision	NOUN
spir-13454	38	17	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13454	38	18	additions	addition	NOUN
spir-13454	38	19	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	38	20	existing	exist	VERB
spir-13454	38	21	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	38	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	39	1	at	at	ADP
spir-13454	39	2	this	this	DET
spir-13454	39	3	stage	stage	NOUN
spir-13454	39	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	39	5	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	39	6	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	39	7	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	39	8	afforded	afford	VERB
spir-13454	39	9	primarily	primarily	ADV
spir-13454	39	10	standardized	standardized	ADJ
spir-13454	39	11	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	39	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	39	13	the	the	DET
spir-13454	39	14	video	video	NOUN
spir-13454	39	15	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	39	16	process	process	NOUN
spir-13454	39	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	39	18	which	which	PRON
spir-13454	39	19	itself	itself	PRON
spir-13454	39	20	was	be	AUX
spir-13454	39	21	also	also	ADV
spir-13454	39	22	becoming	become	VERB
spir-13454	39	23	more	more	ADV
spir-13454	39	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	39	25	more	more	ADV
spir-13454	39	26	standardized	standardized	ADJ
spir-13454	39	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	40	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13454	40	2	users	user	NOUN
spir-13454	40	3	limited	limit	VERB
spir-13454	40	4	themselves	themselves	PRON
spir-13454	40	5	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	40	6	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	40	7	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	40	8	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	40	9	only	only	ADV
spir-13454	40	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	40	11	the	the	DET
spir-13454	40	12	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	40	13	distributed	distribute	VERB
spir-13454	40	14	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	40	15	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	40	16	became	became	AUX
spir-13454	40	17	more	more	ADV
spir-13454	40	18	readily	readily	ADV
spir-13454	40	19	recognized	recognize	VERB
spir-13454	40	20	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	40	21	tiktok	tiktok	ADJ
spir-13454	40	22	clips	clip	NOUN
spir-13454	40	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	41	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	41	2	april	april	PROPN
spir-13454	41	3	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	41	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	41	5	a	a	DET
spir-13454	41	6	new	new	ADJ
spir-13454	41	7	suite	suite	NOUN
spir-13454	41	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	41	9	third	third	ADJ
spir-13454	41	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	41	11	party	party	NOUN
spir-13454	41	12	integrations	integration	NOUN
spir-13454	41	13	became	become	VERB
spir-13454	41	14	noticeable	noticeable	ADJ
spir-13454	41	15	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	41	16	the	the	DET
spir-13454	41	17	third	third	ADJ
spir-13454	41	18	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-13454	41	19	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	41	20	discerned	discern	VERB
spir-13454	41	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	42	1	these	these	DET
spir-13454	42	2	integrations	integration	NOUN
spir-13454	42	3	took	take	VERB
spir-13454	42	4	the	the	DET
spir-13454	42	5	form	form	NOUN
spir-13454	42	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	42	7	interactive	interactive	ADJ
spir-13454	42	8	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-13454	42	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	42	10	filters	filter	NOUN
spir-13454	42	11	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	42	12	enforce	enforce	VERB
spir-13454	42	13	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	42	14	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	42	15	governmental	governmental	ADJ
spir-13454	42	16	frameworks	framework	NOUN
spir-13454	42	17	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	42	18	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13454	42	19	outside	outside	ADP
spir-13454	42	20	the	the	DET
spir-13454	42	21	creator	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	42	22	economy	economy	NOUN
spir-13454	42	23	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	42	24	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13454	42	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	42	26	e	e	NOUN
spir-13454	42	27	-	-	NOUN
spir-13454	42	28	commerce	commerce	NOUN
spir-13454	42	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	42	30	gaming	gaming	NOUN
spir-13454	42	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	42	32	etc	etc	X
spir-13454	42	33	.	.	X
spir-13454	42	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	42	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	43	1	at	at	ADP
spir-13454	43	2	this	this	DET
spir-13454	43	3	point	point	NOUN
spir-13454	43	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	43	5	bytedance	bytedance	NOUN
spir-13454	43	6	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	43	7	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	43	8	frameworks	framework	NOUN
spir-13454	43	9	became	became	AUX
spir-13454	43	10	dictated	dictate	VERB
spir-13454	43	11	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	43	12	a	a	DET
spir-13454	43	13	series	series	NOUN
spir-13454	43	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	43	15	new	new	ADJ
spir-13454	43	16	partner	partner	NOUN
spir-13454	43	17	agreements	agreement	NOUN
spir-13454	43	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	43	19	which	which	PRON
spir-13454	43	20	all	all	PRON
spir-13454	43	21	contributed	contribute	VERB
spir-13454	43	22	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	43	23	the	the	DET
spir-13454	43	24	process	process	NOUN
spir-13454	43	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	43	26	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13454	43	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	44	2	sum	sum	NOUN
spir-13454	44	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	4	our	our	PRON
spir-13454	44	5	periodization	periodization	NOUN
spir-13454	44	6	points	point	NOUN
spir-13454	44	7	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	44	8	three	three	NUM
spir-13454	44	9	major	major	ADJ
spir-13454	44	10	implications	implication	NOUN
spir-13454	44	11	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	44	12	stem	stem	VERB
spir-13454	44	13	from	from	ADP
spir-13454	44	14	this	this	DET
spir-13454	44	15	growing	grow	VERB
spir-13454	44	16	toolkit	toolkit	NOUN
spir-13454	44	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	44	18	official	official	ADJ
spir-13454	44	19	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	44	20	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	21	i.e.	i.e.	X
spir-13454	44	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	23	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	44	24	sanctioned	sanction	VERB
spir-13454	44	25	by	by	ADP
spir-13454	44	26	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	44	27	):	):	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	29	1	1	X
spir-13454	44	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	31	the	the	DET
spir-13454	44	32	formalization	formalization	NOUN
spir-13454	44	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	44	34	professionalization	professionalization	NOUN
spir-13454	44	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	44	36	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	44	37	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	44	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	40	2	2	X
spir-13454	44	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	42	the	the	DET
spir-13454	44	43	standardization	standardization	NOUN
spir-13454	44	44	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	44	45	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	44	46	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	47	dependent	dependent	ADJ
spir-13454	44	48	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	44	49	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	44	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	51	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	44	52	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	53	3	3	X
spir-13454	44	54	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	55	the	the	DET
spir-13454	44	56	further	further	ADJ
spir-13454	44	57	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13454	44	58	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	44	59	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	44	60	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	44	61	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	44	62	logic	logic	NOUN
spir-13454	44	63	both	both	CCONJ
spir-13454	44	64	within	within	ADV
spir-13454	44	65	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	44	66	as	as	ADV
spir-13454	44	67	well	well	ADV
spir-13454	44	68	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	44	69	outside	outside	ADP
spir-13454	44	70	the	the	DET
spir-13454	44	71	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	44	72	industries	industry	NOUN
spir-13454	44	73	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	45	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13454	45	2	our	our	PRON
spir-13454	45	3	research	research	NOUN
spir-13454	45	4	is	be	AUX
spir-13454	45	5	primarily	primarily	ADV
spir-13454	45	6	exploratory	exploratory	ADJ
spir-13454	45	7	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	45	8	nature	nature	NOUN
spir-13454	45	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	45	10	it	it	PRON
spir-13454	45	11	is	be	AUX
spir-13454	45	12	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
spir-13454	45	13	meant	mean	VERB
spir-13454	45	14	to	to	PART
spir-13454	45	15	serve	serve	VERB
spir-13454	45	16	as	as	ADP
spir-13454	45	17	the	the	DET
spir-13454	45	18	impetus	impetus	NOUN
spir-13454	45	19	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	45	20	further	further	ADJ
spir-13454	45	21	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
spir-13454	45	22	into	into	ADP
spir-13454	45	23	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13454	45	24	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	45	25	creators	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	45	26	grapple	grapple	VERB
spir-13454	45	27	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	45	28	the	the	DET
spir-13454	45	29	limitations	limitation	NOUN
spir-13454	45	30	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	45	31	both	both	PRON
spir-13454	45	32	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	45	33	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	45	34	sanctioned	sanction	VERB
spir-13454	45	35	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13454	45	36	also	also	ADV
spir-13454	45	37	the	the	DET
spir-13454	45	38	unsanctioned	unsanctioned	ADJ
spir-13454	45	39	means	mean	NOUN
spir-13454	45	40	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	45	41	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	45	42	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	45	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	46	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13454	46	2	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	46	3	’s	’s	PART
spir-13454	46	4	competitors	competitor	NOUN
spir-13454	46	5	are	be	AUX
spir-13454	46	6	widening	widen	VERB
spir-13454	46	7	their	their	PRON
spir-13454	46	8	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13454	46	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	46	10	infrastructural	infrastructural	ADJ
spir-13454	46	11	scope	scope	NOUN
spir-13454	46	12	to	to	PART
spir-13454	46	13	mimic	mimic	VERB
spir-13454	46	14	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	46	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	46	16	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	46	17	expect	expect	VERB
spir-13454	46	18	a	a	DET
spir-13454	46	19	further	further	ADJ
spir-13454	46	20	centralization	centralization	NOUN
spir-13454	46	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	46	22	control	control	NOUN
spir-13454	46	23	over	over	ADP
spir-13454	46	24	the	the	DET
spir-13454	46	25	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	46	26	that	that	PRON
spir-13454	46	27	are	be	AUX
spir-13454	46	28	at	at	ADP
spir-13454	46	29	the	the	DET
spir-13454	46	30	heart	heart	NOUN
spir-13454	46	31	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	46	32	the	the	DET
spir-13454	46	33	creator	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	46	34	economy	economy	NOUN
spir-13454	46	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	47	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13454	47	2	are	be	AUX
spir-13454	47	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	47	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13454	47	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	47	6	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	47	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	47	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	48	1	an	an	DET
spir-13454	48	2	autoethnography	autoethnography	NOUN
spir-13454	48	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	48	4	automated	automate	VERB
spir-13454	48	5	powerlessness	powerlessness	NOUN
spir-13454	48	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	48	7	lacking	lack	VERB
spir-13454	48	8	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	48	9	affordances	affordance	NOUN
spir-13454	48	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	48	11	instagram	instagram	PROPN
spir-13454	48	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	48	13	tiktok	tiktok	ADJ
spir-13454	48	14	account	account	NOUN
spir-13454	48	15	deletions	deletion	NOUN
spir-13454	48	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	49	1	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	49	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	49	3	culture	culture	NOUN
spir-13454	49	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	49	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-13454	49	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	50	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221140531	https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221140531	X
spir-13454	50	2	cunningham	cunningham	PROPN
spir-13454	50	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	50	4	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13454	50	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	50	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	50	7	craig	craig	PROPN
spir-13454	50	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	50	9	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13454	50	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	50	11	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	50	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	50	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	51	1	creator	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	51	2	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	51	3	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	51	4	social	social	ADJ
spir-13454	51	5	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	51	6	entertainment	entertainment	NOUN
spir-13454	51	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-13454	52	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	52	3	+	+	CCONJ
spir-13454	52	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-13454	52	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	6	5(4	5(4	NUM
spir-13454	52	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	9	https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119883428	https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119883428	NUM
spir-13454	52	10	duffy	duffy	PROPN
spir-13454	52	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	12	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13454	52	13	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13454	52	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	15	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	52	16	meisner	meisner	PROPN
spir-13454	52	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	18	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13454	52	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	20	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	52	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	52	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	53	1	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	53	2	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	53	3	at	at	ADP
spir-13454	53	4	the	the	DET
spir-13454	53	5	margins	margin	NOUN
spir-13454	53	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	53	7	social	social	ADJ
spir-13454	53	8	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	53	9	creators	creator	NOUN
spir-13454	53	10	’	’	PART
spir-13454	53	11	experiences	experience	NOUN
spir-13454	53	12	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	53	13	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
spir-13454	53	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	53	15	in)visibility	in)visibility	NOUN
spir-13454	53	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	54	1	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	54	3	culture	culture	NOUN
spir-13454	54	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	54	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-13454	54	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	55	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221111923	https://doi.org/10.1177/01634437221111923	X
spir-13454	55	2	foxman	foxman	NOUN
spir-13454	55	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	55	4	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13454	55	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	55	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	55	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	55	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	56	1	united	united	PROPN
spir-13454	56	2	we	we	PRON
spir-13454	56	3	stand	stand	VERB
spir-13454	56	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	56	5	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	56	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	56	7	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13454	56	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	56	9	innovation	innovation	NOUN
spir-13454	56	10	with	with	ADP
spir-13454	56	11	the	the	DET
spir-13454	56	12	unity	unity	NOUN
spir-13454	56	13	game	game	NOUN
spir-13454	56	14	engine	engine	NOUN
spir-13454	56	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	57	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-13454	57	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	57	3	+	+	CCONJ
spir-13454	57	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-13454	57	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	57	6	5(4	5(4	NUM
spir-13454	57	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	57	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	57	9	1–10	1–10	NOUN
spir-13454	57	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	58	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119880177	https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119880177	PROPN
spir-13454	58	2	ghazawneh	ghazawneh	PROPN
spir-13454	58	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	58	4	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13454	58	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	58	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	58	7	henfridsson	henfridsson	PROPN
spir-13454	58	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	58	9	o.	o.	PROPN
spir-13454	58	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	58	11	2013	2013	NUM
spir-13454	58	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	58	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	59	1	balancing	balance	VERB
spir-13454	59	2	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	59	3	control	control	NOUN
spir-13454	59	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	59	5	external	external	ADJ
spir-13454	59	6	contribution	contribution	NOUN
spir-13454	59	7	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	59	8	third	third	ADJ
spir-13454	59	9	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13454	59	10	party	party	NOUN
spir-13454	59	11	development	development	NOUN
spir-13454	59	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	59	13	the	the	DET
spir-13454	59	14	boundary	boundary	ADJ
spir-13454	59	15	resources	resource	NOUN
spir-13454	59	16	model	model	NOUN
spir-13454	59	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	60	1	information	information	NOUN
spir-13454	60	2	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13454	60	3	journal	journal	PROPN
spir-13454	60	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	60	5	23(2	23(2	NOUN
spir-13454	60	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	60	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	60	8	173–192	173–192	NUM
spir-13454	60	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	61	1	greene	greene	PROPN
spir-13454	61	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	61	3	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13454	61	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	61	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	61	6	shilton	shilton	PROPN
spir-13454	61	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	61	8	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13454	61	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	61	10	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13454	61	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	61	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	62	1	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	62	2	privacies	privacy	NOUN
spir-13454	62	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	62	4	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	62	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	62	6	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
spir-13454	62	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	62	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	62	9	the	the	DET
spir-13454	62	10	different	different	ADJ
spir-13454	62	11	meanings	meaning	NOUN
spir-13454	62	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	62	13	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13454	62	14	privacy	privacy	NOUN
spir-13454	62	15	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13454	62	16	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	62	17	ios	ios	PROPN
spir-13454	62	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	62	19	android	android	PROPN
spir-13454	62	20	development	development	NOUN
spir-13454	62	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	63	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-13454	63	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	63	3	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	63	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-13454	63	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	63	6	20(4	20(4	NOUN
spir-13454	63	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	63	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	63	9	1640–1657	1640–1657	NUM
spir-13454	63	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	64	1	helmond	helmond	PROPN
spir-13454	64	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	64	3	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13454	64	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	64	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	64	6	van	van	PROPN
spir-13454	64	7	der	der	PROPN
spir-13454	64	8	vlist	vlist	PROPN
spir-13454	64	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	64	10	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13454	64	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	64	12	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	64	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	64	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	65	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-13454	65	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	65	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	65	4	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	65	5	historiography	historiography	NOUN
spir-13454	65	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	65	7	challenges	challenge	NOUN
spir-13454	65	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	65	9	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
spir-13454	65	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	66	1	tmg	tmg	PROPN
spir-13454	66	2	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-13454	66	3	for	for	ADP
spir-13454	66	4	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	66	5	history	history	NOUN
spir-13454	66	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	66	7	22(1	22(1	NUM
spir-13454	66	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	66	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	66	10	article	article	NOUN
spir-13454	66	11	1	1	NUM
spir-13454	66	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	67	1	https://doi.org/10.18146/tmg.434	https://doi.org/10.18146/tmg.434	PROPN
spir-13454	67	2	jia	jia	PROPN
spir-13454	67	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	67	4	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13454	67	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	67	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	67	7	liang	liang	PROPN
spir-13454	67	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	67	9	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13454	67	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	67	11	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	67	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	67	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	68	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	68	2	globalization	globalization	NOUN
spir-13454	68	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	68	4	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	68	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	68	6	strategies	strategy	NOUN
spir-13454	68	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	68	8	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	68	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	68	10	geopolitics	geopolitic	NOUN
spir-13454	68	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	69	1	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-13454	69	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	69	3	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13454	69	4	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	69	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	69	6	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13454	69	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	69	8	12	12	NUM
spir-13454	69	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	69	10	273–292	273–292	NUM
spir-13454	69	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	70	1	kaye	kaye	PROPN
spir-13454	70	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	70	3	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13454	70	4	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13454	71	1	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-13454	71	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	71	3	zeng	zeng	PROPN
spir-13454	71	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	71	5	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13454	71	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	71	7	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	71	8	wikstrom	wikstrom	PROPN
spir-13454	71	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	71	10	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13454	71	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	71	12	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	71	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	71	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	72	1	tiktok	tiktok	ADJ
spir-13454	72	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	72	3	creativity	creativity	NOUN
spir-13454	72	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	72	5	culture	culture	NOUN
spir-13454	72	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13454	72	7	short	short	ADJ
spir-13454	72	8	video	video	NOUN
spir-13454	72	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	73	1	polity	polity	NOUN
spir-13454	73	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	74	1	lobato	lobato	PROPN
spir-13454	74	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	74	3	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13454	74	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	74	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	74	6	thomas	thomas	PROPN
spir-13454	74	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	74	8	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13454	74	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	74	10	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13454	74	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	74	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	75	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	75	2	informal	informal	ADJ
spir-13454	75	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	75	4	economy	economy	NOUN
spir-13454	75	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	76	1	polity	polity	NOUN
spir-13454	76	2	press	press	NOUN
spir-13454	76	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	77	1	manovich	manovich	PROPN
spir-13454	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	77	3	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13454	77	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	77	5	2013	2013	NUM
spir-13454	77	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	77	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	78	1	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	78	2	takes	take	VERB
spir-13454	78	3	command	command	NOUN
spir-13454	78	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	78	5	extending	extend	VERB
spir-13454	78	6	the	the	DET
spir-13454	78	7	language	language	NOUN
spir-13454	78	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	78	9	new	new	ADJ
spir-13454	78	10	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13454	78	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	79	1	bloomsbury	bloomsbury	PROPN
spir-13454	79	2	academic	academic	NOUN
spir-13454	79	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	80	1	nicoll	nicoll	PROPN
spir-13454	80	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	80	3	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13454	80	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	80	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	80	6	keogh	keogh	PROPN
spir-13454	80	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	80	8	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13454	80	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	80	10	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13454	80	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	80	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	81	1	the	the	DET
spir-13454	81	2	unity	unity	NOUN
spir-13454	81	3	game	game	NOUN
spir-13454	81	4	engine	engine	NOUN
spir-13454	81	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	81	6	the	the	DET
spir-13454	81	7	circuits	circuit	NOUN
spir-13454	81	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	81	9	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	81	10	software	software	NOUN
spir-13454	81	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	1	palgrave	palgrave	PROPN
spir-13454	82	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	3	poell	poell	PROPN
spir-13454	82	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	5	t.	t.	NOUN
spir-13454	82	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	7	nieborg	nieborg	PROPN
spir-13454	82	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	9	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13454	82	10	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13454	82	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	12	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	82	13	duffy	duffy	PROPN
spir-13454	82	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	15	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13454	82	16	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13454	82	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	18	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	82	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	82	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	83	1	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	83	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13454	83	3	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13454	83	4	production	production	NOUN
spir-13454	83	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	84	1	polity	polity	NOUN
spir-13454	84	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	85	1	salter	salter	PROPN
spir-13454	85	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	85	3	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13454	85	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	85	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	85	6	murray	murray	PROPN
spir-13454	85	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	85	8	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13454	85	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	85	10	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13454	85	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	85	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	86	1	flash	flash	NOUN
spir-13454	86	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	86	3	building	build	VERB
spir-13454	86	4	the	the	DET
spir-13454	86	5	interactive	interactive	ADJ
spir-13454	86	6	web	web	NOUN
spir-13454	86	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	86	8	mit	mit	PROPN
spir-13454	86	9	press	press	NOUN
spir-13454	86	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	87	1	silberling	silberle	VERB
spir-13454	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	87	3	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13454	87	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	87	5	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13454	87	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	87	7	september	september	PROPN
spir-13454	87	8	27	27	NUM
spir-13454	87	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	87	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	88	1	tiktok	tiktok	NOUN
spir-13454	88	2	reached	reach	VERB
spir-13454	88	3	1	1	NUM
spir-13454	88	4	billion	billion	NUM
spir-13454	88	5	monthly	monthly	ADJ
spir-13454	88	6	active	active	ADJ
spir-13454	88	7	users	user	NOUN
spir-13454	88	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	89	1	techcrunch	techcrunch	PROPN
spir-13454	89	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	90	1	https://social.techcrunch.com/2021/09/27/tiktok-reached-1-billion-monthlyactive-users/	https://social.techcrunch.com/2021/09/27/tiktok-reached-1-billion-monthlyactive-users/	PROPN
spir-13454	90	2	srnicek	srnicek	PROPN
spir-13454	90	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	90	4	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13454	90	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	90	6	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13454	90	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	90	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	91	1	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	91	2	capitalism	capitalism	NOUN
spir-13454	91	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	92	1	polity	polity	NOUN
spir-13454	92	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	93	1	zeng	zeng	PROPN
spir-13454	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	93	3	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13454	93	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	93	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	93	6	kaye	kaye	PROPN
spir-13454	93	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	93	8	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13454	93	9	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13454	94	1	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-13454	94	2	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13454	94	3	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13454	94	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	94	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	95	1	from	from	ADP
spir-13454	95	2	content	content	NOUN
spir-13454	95	3	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13454	95	4	to	to	ADP
spir-13454	95	5	visibility	visibility	NOUN
spir-13454	95	6	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13454	95	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13454	95	8	a	a	DET
spir-13454	95	9	case	case	NOUN
spir-13454	95	10	study	study	NOUN
spir-13454	95	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13454	95	12	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13454	95	13	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13454	95	14	on	on	ADP
spir-13454	95	15	tiktok	tiktok	ADJ
spir-13454	95	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13454	96	1	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13454	96	2	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13454	96	3	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13454	96	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	96	5	14(1	14(1	NUM
spir-13454	96	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13454	96	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13454	96	8	79–95	79–95	NUM
spir-13454	96	9	.	.	PUNCT