id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-13513	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-13513	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-13513	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-13513	1	5	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13513	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-13513	1	8	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13513	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13513	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13513	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-13513	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-13513	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13513	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13513	1	17	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13513	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	19	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13513	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	21	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13513	1	22	/	/	SYM
spir-13513	1	23	18	18	NUM
spir-13513	1	24	-	-	SYM
spir-13513	1	25	21	21	NUM
spir-13513	1	26	oct	oct	PROPN
spir-13513	1	27	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13513	1	28	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-13513	1	29	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-13513	1	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	31	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-13513	1	32	):	):	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	33	vinhas	vinhas	PROPN
spir-13513	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	35	o.	o.	PROPN
spir-13513	1	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	37	bastos	basto	NOUN
spir-13513	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	39	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13513	1	40	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	41	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13513	1	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	43	october	october	PROPN
spir-13513	1	44	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	1	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	2	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	2	2	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	2	3	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13513	2	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	2	5	factchecking	factchecking	NOUN
spir-13513	2	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	2	7	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	2	8	watchdogs	watchdog	NOUN
spir-13513	2	9	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	2	10	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	2	11	moderators	moderator	NOUN
spir-13513	2	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	3	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13513	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-13513	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-13513	3	4	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13513	3	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	3	6	the	the	DET
spir-13513	3	7	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13513	3	8	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13513	3	9	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13513	3	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	3	11	the	the	DET
spir-13513	3	12	association	association	NOUN
spir-13513	3	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	3	14	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13513	3	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13513	3	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	4	1	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13513	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	4	3	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13513	4	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	4	5	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13513	4	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	4	7	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-13513	4	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	4	9	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-13513	4	10	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	4	11	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-13513	4	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	5	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	5	2	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	5	3	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13513	5	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	5	5	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	5	6	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	5	7	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13513	5	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	5	9	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	5	10	watchdogs	watchdog	NOUN
spir-13513	5	11	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	5	12	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	5	13	moderators	moderator	NOUN
spir-13513	5	14	otávio	otávio	PROPN
spir-13513	5	15	vinhas	vinhas	PROPN
spir-13513	5	16	university	university	PROPN
spir-13513	5	17	college	college	PROPN
spir-13513	5	18	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-13513	5	19	marco	marco	PROPN
spir-13513	5	20	bastos	bastos	PROPN
spir-13513	5	21	university	university	PROPN
spir-13513	5	22	college	college	PROPN
spir-13513	5	23	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-13513	5	24	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13513	5	25	city	city	NOUN
spir-13513	5	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	5	27	university	university	PROPN
spir-13513	5	28	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	5	29	london	london	PROPN
spir-13513	5	30	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-13513	5	31	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	5	32	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	5	33	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13513	5	34	has	have	AUX
spir-13513	5	35	undergone	undergo	VERB
spir-13513	5	36	steady	steady	ADJ
spir-13513	5	37	transformations	transformation	NOUN
spir-13513	5	38	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	5	39	recent	recent	NOUN
spir-13513	5	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	6	1	originally	originally	ADV
spir-13513	6	2	devised	devise	VERB
spir-13513	6	3	as	as	ADP
spir-13513	6	4	a	a	DET
spir-13513	6	5	tool	tool	NOUN
spir-13513	6	6	designed	design	VERB
spir-13513	6	7	to	to	PART
spir-13513	6	8	verify	verify	VERB
spir-13513	6	9	public	public	ADJ
spir-13513	6	10	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-13513	6	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	6	12	hold	hold	VERB
spir-13513	6	13	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13513	6	14	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	6	15	account	account	NOUN
spir-13513	6	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	6	17	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	6	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	6	19	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	6	20	have	have	AUX
spir-13513	6	21	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-13513	6	22	upscaled	upscale	VERB
spir-13513	6	23	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	6	24	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-13513	6	25	to	to	PART
spir-13513	6	26	moderate	moderate	VERB
spir-13513	6	27	viral	viral	ADJ
spir-13513	6	28	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	6	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	6	30	promote	promote	VERB
spir-13513	6	31	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	6	32	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-13513	6	33	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
spir-13513	6	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	6	35	çömlekçi	çömlekçi	ADJ
spir-13513	6	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	6	37	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	6	38	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13513	6	39	graves	grave	NOUN
spir-13513	6	40	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	6	41	mantzarlis	mantzarlis	PROPN
spir-13513	6	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	6	43	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	6	44	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	6	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	7	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	7	2	the	the	DET
spir-13513	7	3	aftermath	aftermath	NOUN
spir-13513	7	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	7	5	the	the	DET
spir-13513	7	6	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13513	7	7	us	us	PROPN
spir-13513	7	8	presidential	presidential	ADJ
spir-13513	7	9	election	election	NOUN
spir-13513	7	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	7	11	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
spir-13513	7	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	7	13	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	7	14	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	7	15	invested	invest	VERB
spir-13513	7	16	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	7	17	factchecking	factchecke	VERB
spir-13513	7	18	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
spir-13513	7	19	to	to	PART
spir-13513	7	20	restore	restore	VERB
spir-13513	7	21	truth	truth	NOUN
spir-13513	7	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	7	23	consensus	consensus	NOUN
spir-13513	7	24	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
spir-13513	7	25	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	7	26	public	public	ADJ
spir-13513	7	27	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-13513	7	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	7	29	bennett	bennett	PROPN
spir-13513	7	30	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	7	31	livingston	livingston	PROPN
spir-13513	7	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	7	33	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13513	7	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	7	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	1	substantive	substantive	ADJ
spir-13513	8	2	resources	resource	NOUN
spir-13513	8	3	were	be	AUX
spir-13513	8	4	allocated	allocate	VERB
spir-13513	8	5	by	by	ADP
spir-13513	8	6	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	8	7	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	8	10	western	western	ADJ
spir-13513	8	11	industrialized	industrialize	VERB
spir-13513	8	12	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13513	8	13	developed	develop	VERB
spir-13513	8	14	local	local	ADJ
spir-13513	8	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	8	16	regional	regional	ADJ
spir-13513	8	17	strategies	strategy	NOUN
spir-13513	8	18	to	to	PART
spir-13513	8	19	tackle	tackle	VERB
spir-13513	8	20	mis	mis	NOUN
spir-13513	8	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	8	22	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	8	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	24	a	a	DET
spir-13513	8	25	set	set	NOUN
spir-13513	8	26	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	8	27	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-13513	8	28	that	that	PRON
spir-13513	8	29	placed	place	VERB
spir-13513	8	30	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	8	31	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	32	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	8	33	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	8	34	the	the	DET
spir-13513	8	35	position	position	NOUN
spir-13513	8	36	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	8	37	unwitting	unwitte	VERB
spir-13513	8	38	online	online	ADJ
spir-13513	8	39	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	8	40	moderators	moderator	NOUN
spir-13513	8	41	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	42	efcsn	efcsn	NOUN
spir-13513	8	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	44	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	8	45	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	46	states	state	NOUN
spir-13513	8	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	48	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	8	49	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	8	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	1	such	such	ADJ
spir-13513	9	2	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-13513	9	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	4	however	however	ADV
spir-13513	9	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	6	clashed	clash	VERB
spir-13513	9	7	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	9	8	a	a	DET
spir-13513	9	9	common	common	ADJ
spir-13513	9	10	standard	standard	NOUN
spir-13513	9	11	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	9	12	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	9	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	14	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	9	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	9	16	caused	cause	VERB
spir-13513	9	17	considerable	considerable	ADJ
spir-13513	9	18	tension	tension	NOUN
spir-13513	9	19	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	9	20	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
spir-13513	9	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	22	bélair	bélair	NOUN
spir-13513	9	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	24	gagnon	gagnon	NOUN
spir-13513	9	25	et	et	PROPN
spir-13513	9	26	al	al	PROPN
spir-13513	9	27	.	.	PROPN
spir-13513	9	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	29	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	9	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	32	a	a	DET
spir-13513	9	33	problem	problem	NOUN
spir-13513	9	34	that	that	PRON
spir-13513	9	35	continues	continue	VERB
spir-13513	9	36	to	to	PART
spir-13513	9	37	haunt	haunt	VERB
spir-13513	9	38	the	the	DET
spir-13513	9	39	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-13513	9	40	mission	mission	NOUN
spir-13513	9	41	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	9	42	values	value	NOUN
spir-13513	9	43	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	9	44	journalists	journalist	NOUN
spir-13513	9	45	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	9	46	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	9	47	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	48	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	9	49	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	50	ananny	ananny	NOUN
spir-13513	9	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	52	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13513	9	53	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	9	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	10	1	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	10	2	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	10	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	10	4	hosting	host	VERB
spir-13513	10	5	the	the	DET
spir-13513	10	6	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-13513	10	7	where	where	SCONJ
spir-13513	10	8	much	much	ADJ
spir-13513	10	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-13513	10	10	deliberation	deliberation	NOUN
spir-13513	10	11	occurs	occur	VERB
spir-13513	10	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	10	13	unpacking	unpack	VERB
spir-13513	10	14	the	the	DET
spir-13513	10	15	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13513	10	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	10	17	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	10	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	10	19	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13513	10	20	by	by	ADP
spir-13513	10	21	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	10	22	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	10	23	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	10	24	thus	thus	ADV
spir-13513	10	25	crucial	crucial	ADJ
spir-13513	10	26	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	10	27	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-13513	10	28	the	the	DET
spir-13513	10	29	sociotechnical	sociotechnical	ADJ
spir-13513	10	30	entanglements	entanglement	NOUN
spir-13513	10	31	determining	determine	VERB
spir-13513	10	32	the	the	DET
spir-13513	10	33	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13513	10	34	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13513	10	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	10	36	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-13513	10	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	10	38	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	10	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	10	40	ford	ford	NOUN
spir-13513	10	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	10	42	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	10	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	10	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13513	11	2	western	western	ADJ
spir-13513	11	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	4	educated	educate	VERB
spir-13513	11	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	6	industrialized	industrialized	ADJ
spir-13513	11	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	8	rich	rich	ADJ
spir-13513	11	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	11	11	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13513	11	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	13	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	11	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	15	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13513	11	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	17	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	11	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	11	19	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	11	20	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
spir-13513	11	21	follow	follow	VERB
spir-13513	11	22	inconsistent	inconsistent	ADJ
spir-13513	11	23	standards	standard	NOUN
spir-13513	11	24	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	11	25	acting	act	VERB
spir-13513	11	26	as	as	ADP
spir-13513	11	27	watchdogs	watchdog	NOUN
spir-13513	11	28	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	11	29	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13513	11	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	11	31	enforcing	enforce	VERB
spir-13513	11	32	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	11	33	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13513	11	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	12	1	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13513	12	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13513	12	3	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	12	4	misand	misand	NOUN
spir-13513	12	5	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	12	6	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13513	12	7	have	have	AUX
spir-13513	12	8	shown	show	VERB
spir-13513	12	9	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13513	12	10	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	12	11	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	12	12	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	12	13	operating	operate	VERB
spir-13513	12	14	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	12	15	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	12	16	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	12	17	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	12	18	contexts	context	NOUN
spir-13513	12	19	must	must	AUX
spir-13513	12	20	cope	cope	VERB
spir-13513	12	21	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	12	22	various	various	ADJ
spir-13513	12	23	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	12	24	forces	force	NOUN
spir-13513	12	25	eroding	erode	VERB
spir-13513	12	26	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-13513	12	27	trust	trust	NOUN
spir-13513	12	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	12	29	driving	drive	VERB
spir-13513	12	30	online	online	ADJ
spir-13513	12	31	harassment	harassment	NOUN
spir-13513	12	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	12	33	physical	physical	ADJ
spir-13513	12	34	violence	violence	NOUN
spir-13513	12	35	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	12	36	kuo	kuo	PROPN
spir-13513	12	37	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	12	38	marwick	marwick	PROPN
spir-13513	12	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	12	40	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13513	12	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	12	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	13	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13513	13	2	these	these	DET
spir-13513	13	3	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13513	13	4	are	be	AUX
spir-13513	13	5	global	global	ADJ
spir-13513	13	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	13	7	the	the	DET
spir-13513	13	8	reliance	reliance	NOUN
spir-13513	13	9	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	13	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	13	11	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	13	12	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13513	13	13	news	news	NOUN
spir-13513	13	14	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13513	13	15	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	13	16	higher	high	ADJ
spir-13513	13	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	13	18	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	13	19	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	13	20	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	13	21	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13513	13	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	13	23	where	where	SCONJ
spir-13513	13	24	much	much	ADJ
spir-13513	13	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	13	26	the	the	DET
spir-13513	13	27	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13513	13	28	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13513	13	29	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	13	30	restricted	restrict	VERB
spir-13513	13	31	to	to	PART
spir-13513	13	32	meta	meta	VERB
spir-13513	13	33	’s	’s	PART
spir-13513	13	34	applications	application	NOUN
spir-13513	13	35	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	13	36	nothias	nothia	NOUN
spir-13513	13	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	13	38	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	13	39	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	13	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	14	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
spir-13513	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	14	3	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	14	4	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	14	5	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	14	6	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13513	14	7	the	the	DET
spir-13513	14	8	us	us	PROPN
spir-13513	14	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	14	10	western	western	PROPN
spir-13513	14	11	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-13513	14	12	generally	generally	ADV
spir-13513	14	13	depend	depend	VERB
spir-13513	14	14	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	14	15	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
spir-13513	14	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	14	17	grants	grant	NOUN
spir-13513	14	18	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	14	19	tech	tech	NOUN
spir-13513	14	20	companies	company	NOUN
spir-13513	14	21	to	to	PART
spir-13513	14	22	maintain	maintain	VERB
spir-13513	14	23	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	14	24	operations	operation	NOUN
spir-13513	14	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	14	26	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13513	14	27	many	many	ADJ
spir-13513	14	28	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
spir-13513	14	29	evolved	evolve	VERB
spir-13513	14	30	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	14	31	informal	informal	ADJ
spir-13513	14	32	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13513	14	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	14	34	online	online	ADJ
spir-13513	14	35	activism	activism	NOUN
spir-13513	14	36	instead	instead	ADV
spir-13513	14	37	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	14	38	developing	develop	VERB
spir-13513	14	39	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	14	40	a	a	DET
spir-13513	14	41	liberal	liberal	ADJ
spir-13513	14	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	14	43	profitable	profitable	ADJ
spir-13513	14	44	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	14	45	market	market	NOUN
spir-13513	14	46	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	14	47	ababakirov	ababakirov	PROPN
spir-13513	14	48	et	et	PROPN
spir-13513	14	49	al	al	PROPN
spir-13513	14	50	.	.	PROPN
spir-13513	14	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	14	52	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	14	53	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	14	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	15	1	these	these	DET
spir-13513	15	2	conditions	condition	NOUN
spir-13513	15	3	not	not	PART
spir-13513	15	4	only	only	ADV
spir-13513	15	5	make	make	VERB
spir-13513	15	6	the	the	DET
spir-13513	15	7	eroding	eroding	ADJ
spir-13513	15	8	potential	potential	NOUN
spir-13513	15	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	15	10	misand	misand	NOUN
spir-13513	15	11	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	15	12	more	more	ADV
spir-13513	15	13	effective	effective	ADJ
spir-13513	15	14	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13513	15	15	the	the	DET
spir-13513	15	16	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	15	17	world	world	NOUN
spir-13513	15	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	15	19	tandoc	tandoc	NOUN
spir-13513	15	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	15	21	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	15	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	15	23	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13513	15	24	they	they	PRON
spir-13513	15	25	also	also	ADV
spir-13513	15	26	maximize	maximize	VERB
spir-13513	15	27	the	the	DET
spir-13513	15	28	political	political	ADJ
spir-13513	15	29	ramifications	ramification	NOUN
spir-13513	15	30	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	15	31	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	15	32	regulation	regulation	NOUN
spir-13513	15	33	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	15	34	local	local	ADJ
spir-13513	15	35	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13513	15	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	15	37	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
spir-13513	15	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	15	39	gillespie	gillespie	PROPN
spir-13513	15	40	et	et	PROPN
spir-13513	15	41	al	al	PROPN
spir-13513	15	42	.	.	PROPN
spir-13513	15	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	15	44	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	15	45	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	15	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	16	1	method	method	NOUN
spir-13513	16	2	we	we	PRON
spir-13513	16	3	interviewed	interview	VERB
spir-13513	16	4	37	37	NUM
spir-13513	16	5	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	16	6	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	16	7	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	16	8	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	16	9	35	35	NUM
spir-13513	16	10	organizations	organization	NOUN
spir-13513	16	11	across	across	ADP
spir-13513	16	12	27	27	NUM
spir-13513	16	13	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	16	14	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	16	15	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	16	16	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13513	16	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	16	18	africa	africa	PROPN
spir-13513	16	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	16	20	asia	asia	PROPN
spir-13513	16	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	16	22	latin	latin	PROPN
spir-13513	16	23	america	america	PROPN
spir-13513	16	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	16	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	16	26	eastern	eastern	ADJ
spir-13513	16	27	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-13513	16	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	17	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	17	2	interviews	interview	NOUN
spir-13513	17	3	lasted	last	VERB
spir-13513	17	4	between	between	ADP
spir-13513	17	5	30	30	NUM
spir-13513	17	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	17	7	90	90	NUM
spir-13513	17	8	minutes	minute	NOUN
spir-13513	17	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	17	10	were	be	AUX
spir-13513	17	11	conducted	conduct	VERB
spir-13513	17	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	17	13	three	three	NUM
spir-13513	17	14	languages	language	NOUN
spir-13513	17	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	17	16	english	english	PROPN
spir-13513	17	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	17	18	spanish	spanish	ADJ
spir-13513	17	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	17	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	17	21	portuguese	portuguese	ADJ
spir-13513	17	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	17	23	between	between	ADP
spir-13513	17	24	march	march	PROPN
spir-13513	17	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	17	26	november	november	PROPN
spir-13513	17	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	17	28	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13513	17	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13513	18	2	used	use	VERB
spir-13513	18	3	duke	duke	PROPN
spir-13513	18	4	reporters	reporter	NOUN
spir-13513	18	5	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	6	lab	lab	NOUN
spir-13513	18	7	global	global	ADJ
spir-13513	18	8	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	18	9	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	10	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	18	11	database	database	NOUN
spir-13513	18	12	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13513	18	13	our	our	PRON
spir-13513	18	14	reference	reference	NOUN
spir-13513	18	15	point	point	VERB
spir-13513	18	16	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	18	17	recruit	recruit	VERB
spir-13513	18	18	participants	participant	NOUN
spir-13513	18	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	18	20	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
spir-13513	18	21	snowballed	snowball	VERB
spir-13513	18	22	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	18	23	organizations	organization	NOUN
spir-13513	18	24	that	that	PRON
spir-13513	18	25	matched	match	VERB
spir-13513	18	26	the	the	DET
spir-13513	18	27	following	follow	VERB
spir-13513	18	28	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
spir-13513	18	29	criteria	criterion	NOUN
spir-13513	18	30	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	31	1	1	X
spir-13513	18	32	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	33	listed	list	VERB
spir-13513	18	34	as	as	ADP
spir-13513	18	35	an	an	DET
spir-13513	18	36	active	active	ADJ
spir-13513	18	37	organization	organization	NOUN
spir-13513	18	38	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	18	39	duke	duke	PROPN
spir-13513	18	40	reporters	reporter	NOUN
spir-13513	18	41	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	42	lab	lab	NOUN
spir-13513	18	43	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	18	44	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	45	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	18	46	database	database	NOUN
spir-13513	18	47	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	48	2	2	X
spir-13513	18	49	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	50	current	current	ADJ
spir-13513	18	51	signatories	signatory	NOUN
spir-13513	18	52	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	18	53	the	the	DET
spir-13513	18	54	international	international	ADJ
spir-13513	18	55	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	18	56	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	57	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	18	58	network	network	NOUN
spir-13513	18	59	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	60	ifcn	ifcn	PROPN
spir-13513	18	61	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	62	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	63	3	3	X
spir-13513	18	64	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	65	declared	declare	VERB
spir-13513	18	66	a	a	DET
spir-13513	18	67	consistent	consistent	ADJ
spir-13513	18	68	commitment	commitment	NOUN
spir-13513	18	69	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	18	70	editorial	editorial	ADJ
spir-13513	18	71	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	18	72	-	-	NOUN
spir-13513	18	73	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13513	18	74	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	18	75	financial	financial	ADJ
spir-13513	18	76	independence	independence	NOUN
spir-13513	18	77	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	18	78	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	18	79	websites	website	NOUN
spir-13513	18	80	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	81	along	along	ADP
spir-13513	18	82	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	18	83	a	a	DET
spir-13513	18	84	detailed	detailed	ADJ
spir-13513	18	85	description	description	NOUN
spir-13513	18	86	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	18	87	transparent	transparent	ADJ
spir-13513	18	88	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	18	89	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	18	90	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	18	91	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
spir-13513	18	92	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	19	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13513	19	2	cease	cease	VERB
spir-13513	19	3	our	our	PRON
spir-13513	19	4	recruiting	recruiting	NOUN
spir-13513	19	5	process	process	NOUN
spir-13513	19	6	once	once	SCONJ
spir-13513	19	7	we	we	PRON
spir-13513	19	8	reached	reach	VERB
spir-13513	19	9	saturation	saturation	NOUN
spir-13513	19	10	across	across	ADP
spir-13513	19	11	geographical	geographical	ADJ
spir-13513	19	12	areas	area	NOUN
spir-13513	19	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	19	14	organization	organization	NOUN
spir-13513	19	15	types	type	NOUN
spir-13513	19	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	20	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	20	2	interview	interview	NOUN
spir-13513	20	3	questions	question	NOUN
spir-13513	20	4	revolved	revolve	VERB
spir-13513	20	5	around	around	ADP
spir-13513	20	6	three	three	NUM
spir-13513	20	7	main	main	ADJ
spir-13513	20	8	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13513	20	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	20	10	1	1	NUM
spir-13513	20	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	20	12	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	20	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	20	14	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13513	20	15	by	by	ADP
spir-13513	20	16	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	20	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	20	18	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	20	19	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13513	20	20	2	2	X
spir-13513	20	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	20	22	the	the	DET
spir-13513	20	23	criteria	criterion	NOUN
spir-13513	20	24	implemented	implement	VERB
spir-13513	20	25	to	to	PART
spir-13513	20	26	identify	identify	VERB
spir-13513	20	27	false	false	ADJ
spir-13513	20	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	20	29	harmful	harmful	ADJ
spir-13513	20	30	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	20	31	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13513	20	32	3	3	X
spir-13513	20	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	20	34	the	the	DET
spir-13513	20	35	role	role	NOUN
spir-13513	20	36	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	20	37	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	20	38	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	20	39	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	20	40	regulating	regulate	VERB
spir-13513	20	41	the	the	DET
spir-13513	20	42	public	public	ADJ
spir-13513	20	43	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-13513	20	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	21	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13513	21	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13513	21	3	relied	rely	VERB
spir-13513	21	4	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	21	5	braun	braun	NOUN
spir-13513	21	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	21	7	clarke	clarke	PROPN
spir-13513	21	8	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	21	9	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	21	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	21	11	reflexive	reflexive	VERB
spir-13513	21	12	thematic	thematic	ADJ
spir-13513	21	13	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13513	21	14	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-13513	21	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	21	16	was	be	AUX
spir-13513	21	17	devised	devise	VERB
spir-13513	21	18	to	to	PART
spir-13513	21	19	address	address	VERB
spir-13513	21	20	the	the	DET
spir-13513	21	21	following	follow	VERB
spir-13513	21	22	research	research	NOUN
spir-13513	21	23	questions	question	NOUN
spir-13513	21	24	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	21	25	1	1	X
spir-13513	21	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	21	27	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13513	21	28	have	have	AUX
spir-13513	21	29	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	21	30	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	21	31	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	21	32	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	21	33	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	21	34	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	21	35	adapted	adapt	VERB
spir-13513	21	36	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	21	37	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-13513	21	38	to	to	PART
spir-13513	21	39	meet	meet	VERB
spir-13513	21	40	the	the	DET
spir-13513	21	41	expectations	expectation	NOUN
spir-13513	21	42	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	21	43	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	21	44	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	21	45	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	21	46	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13513	22	1	2	2	X
spir-13513	22	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	22	3	what	what	PRON
spir-13513	22	4	feedback	feedback	NOUN
spir-13513	22	5	do	do	AUX
spir-13513	22	6	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	22	7	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	22	8	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	22	9	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	22	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	22	11	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	22	12	receive	receive	VERB
spir-13513	22	13	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	22	14	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	22	15	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	22	16	users	user	NOUN
spir-13513	22	17	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13513	23	1	3	3	X
spir-13513	23	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	23	3	what	what	PRON
spir-13513	23	4	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	23	5	the	the	DET
spir-13513	23	6	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13513	23	7	between	between	ADP
spir-13513	23	8	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	23	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	23	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	23	11	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-13513	23	12	to	to	PART
spir-13513	23	13	address	address	VERB
spir-13513	23	14	mis	mis	NOUN
spir-13513	23	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	23	16	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	23	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	23	18	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	23	19	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	23	20	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	23	21	contexts	contexts	NOUN
spir-13513	23	22	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13513	24	1	iterative	iterative	NOUN
spir-13513	24	2	coding	code	VERB
spir-13513	24	3	through	through	ADP
spir-13513	24	4	nvivo	nvivo	NOUN
spir-13513	24	5	was	be	AUX
spir-13513	24	6	applied	apply	VERB
spir-13513	24	7	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	24	8	the	the	DET
spir-13513	24	9	transcribed	transcribe	VERB
spir-13513	24	10	interviews	interview	NOUN
spir-13513	24	11	to	to	PART
spir-13513	24	12	identify	identify	VERB
spir-13513	24	13	recurring	recur	VERB
spir-13513	24	14	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13513	24	15	that	that	PRON
spir-13513	24	16	appeared	appear	VERB
spir-13513	24	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	24	18	the	the	DET
spir-13513	24	19	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13513	24	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	25	1	following	follow	VERB
spir-13513	25	2	the	the	DET
spir-13513	25	3	first	first	ADJ
spir-13513	25	4	round	round	NOUN
spir-13513	25	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	25	6	semantic	semantic	ADJ
spir-13513	25	7	coding	coding	NOUN
spir-13513	25	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	25	9	we	we	PRON
spir-13513	25	10	applied	apply	VERB
spir-13513	25	11	axial	axial	ADJ
spir-13513	25	12	coding	coding	NOUN
spir-13513	25	13	to	to	PART
spir-13513	25	14	interpret	interpret	VERB
spir-13513	25	15	the	the	DET
spir-13513	25	16	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13513	25	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	25	18	line	line	NOUN
spir-13513	25	19	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	25	20	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13513	25	21	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	25	22	news	news	NOUN
spir-13513	25	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	25	24	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13513	25	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	26	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	26	2	processed	process	VERB
spir-13513	26	3	data	data	NOUN
spir-13513	26	4	reveals	reveal	VERB
spir-13513	26	5	the	the	DET
spir-13513	26	6	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-13513	26	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	26	8	context	context	NOUN
spir-13513	26	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	26	10	interactions	interaction	NOUN
spir-13513	26	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	26	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	26	13	consequences	consequence	NOUN
spir-13513	26	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	26	15	between	between	ADP
spir-13513	26	16	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	26	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	26	18	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	26	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	26	20	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	26	21	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	26	22	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	26	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	27	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-13513	27	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	27	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
spir-13513	27	4	our	our	PRON
spir-13513	27	5	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-13513	27	6	detail	detail	VERB
spir-13513	27	7	three	three	NUM
spir-13513	27	8	ways	way	NOUN
spir-13513	27	9	through	through	ADP
spir-13513	27	10	which	which	PRON
spir-13513	27	11	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	27	12	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	27	13	impinge	impinge	VERB
spir-13513	27	14	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	27	15	the	the	DET
spir-13513	27	16	scope	scope	NOUN
spir-13513	27	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	27	18	values	value	NOUN
spir-13513	27	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	27	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	27	21	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-13513	27	22	mission	mission	NOUN
spir-13513	27	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	27	24	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	27	25	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	27	26	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	27	27	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	27	28	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	27	29	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	27	30	organizations	organization	NOUN
spir-13513	27	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	28	1	figure	figure	NOUN
spir-13513	28	2	1	1	NUM
spir-13513	28	3	shows	show	VERB
spir-13513	28	4	the	the	DET
spir-13513	28	5	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-13513	28	6	developed	develop	VERB
spir-13513	28	7	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	28	8	the	the	DET
spir-13513	28	9	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13513	28	10	that	that	PRON
spir-13513	28	11	cataloged	catalog	VERB
spir-13513	28	12	the	the	DET
spir-13513	28	13	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13513	28	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	28	15	tools	tool	NOUN
spir-13513	28	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	28	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	28	18	strategies	strategy	NOUN
spir-13513	28	19	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	28	20	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	28	21	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	28	22	implemented	implement	VERB
spir-13513	28	23	to	to	PART
spir-13513	28	24	produce	produce	VERB
spir-13513	28	25	pragmatic	pragmatic	ADJ
spir-13513	28	26	solutions	solution	NOUN
spir-13513	28	27	to	to	PART
spir-13513	28	28	ward	ward	VERB
spir-13513	28	29	off	off	ADP
spir-13513	28	30	the	the	DET
spir-13513	28	31	scourge	scourge	NOUN
spir-13513	28	32	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	28	33	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13513	28	34	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	28	35	online	online	ADV
spir-13513	28	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	29	1	figure	figure	VERB
spir-13513	29	2	1	1	NUM
spir-13513	29	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	29	4	conditions	condition	NOUN
spir-13513	29	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	29	6	interactions	interaction	NOUN
spir-13513	29	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	29	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	29	9	consequences	consequence	NOUN
spir-13513	29	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	29	11	the	the	DET
spir-13513	29	12	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13513	29	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	29	14	factchecking	factchecke	VERB
spir-13513	29	15	our	our	PRON
spir-13513	29	16	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-13513	29	17	shed	shed	VERB
spir-13513	29	18	light	light	NOUN
spir-13513	29	19	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	29	20	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13513	29	21	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	29	22	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	29	23	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	29	24	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	29	25	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	29	26	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	29	27	have	have	AUX
spir-13513	29	28	adapted	adapt	VERB
spir-13513	29	29	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	29	30	workflow	workflow	NOUN
spir-13513	29	31	to	to	PART
spir-13513	29	32	meet	meet	VERB
spir-13513	29	33	the	the	DET
spir-13513	29	34	expectations	expectation	NOUN
spir-13513	29	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	29	36	cooperating	cooperate	VERB
spir-13513	29	37	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	29	38	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	29	39	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	29	40	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	29	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	30	1	firstly	firstly	ADV
spir-13513	30	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	30	3	accusations	accusation	NOUN
spir-13513	30	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	30	5	bias	bias	NOUN
spir-13513	30	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	30	7	weaponization	weaponization	NOUN
spir-13513	30	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	30	9	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	30	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	30	11	checks	check	NOUN
spir-13513	30	12	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	30	13	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	30	14	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	30	15	compel	compel	VERB
spir-13513	30	16	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	30	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	30	18	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	30	19	to	to	PART
spir-13513	30	20	trade	trade	VERB
spir-13513	30	21	off	off	ADP
spir-13513	30	22	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	30	23	objectivity	objectivity	NOUN
spir-13513	30	24	to	to	PART
spir-13513	30	25	balance	balance	VERB
spir-13513	30	26	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	30	27	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	30	28	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	30	29	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13513	30	30	across	across	ADP
spir-13513	30	31	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13513	30	32	divides	divide	NOUN
spir-13513	30	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13513	31	2	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	31	3	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	31	4	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	5	affordances	affordance	NOUN
spir-13513	31	6	reward	reward	VERB
spir-13513	31	7	affective	affective	NOUN
spir-13513	31	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	31	9	identity	identity	NOUN
spir-13513	31	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	11	driven	drive	VERB
spir-13513	31	12	engagement	engagement	NOUN
spir-13513	31	13	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	31	14	information	information	NOUN
spir-13513	31	15	over	over	ADP
spir-13513	31	16	factual	factual	ADJ
spir-13513	31	17	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN
spir-13513	31	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	19	chadwick	chadwick	PROPN
spir-13513	31	20	et	et	PROPN
spir-13513	31	21	al	al	PROPN
spir-13513	31	22	.	.	PROPN
spir-13513	31	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	24	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	31	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	27	they	they	PRON
spir-13513	31	28	inherently	inherently	ADV
spir-13513	31	29	disrupt	disrupt	VERB
spir-13513	31	30	the	the	DET
spir-13513	31	31	informative	informative	ADJ
spir-13513	31	32	role	role	NOUN
spir-13513	31	33	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	31	34	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	31	35	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	36	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	31	37	organizations	organization	NOUN
spir-13513	31	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	39	cotter	cotter	NOUN
spir-13513	31	40	et	et	PROPN
spir-13513	31	41	al	al	PROPN
spir-13513	31	42	.	.	PROPN
spir-13513	31	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	44	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	31	45	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	31	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	32	1	secondly	secondly	ADV
spir-13513	32	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	32	3	to	to	PART
spir-13513	32	4	tackle	tackle	VERB
spir-13513	32	5	misand	misand	NOUN
spir-13513	32	6	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	32	7	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	32	8	high	high	ADJ
spir-13513	32	9	volumes	volume	NOUN
spir-13513	32	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	32	11	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	32	12	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	32	13	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	32	14	are	be	AUX
spir-13513	32	15	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-13513	32	16	adapting	adapt	VERB
spir-13513	32	17	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	32	18	work	work	NOUN
spir-13513	32	19	to	to	PART
spir-13513	32	20	compete	compete	VERB
spir-13513	32	21	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	32	22	visibility	visibility	NOUN
spir-13513	32	23	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	32	24	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	32	25	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	32	26	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	32	27	petre	petre	PROPN
spir-13513	32	28	et	et	PROPN
spir-13513	32	29	al	al	PROPN
spir-13513	32	30	.	.	PROPN
spir-13513	32	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	32	32	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13513	32	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	32	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	33	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13513	33	2	adopting	adopt	VERB
spir-13513	33	3	meta	meta	PROPN
spir-13513	33	4	’s	’s	PART
spir-13513	33	5	toolkit	toolkit	NOUN
spir-13513	33	6	designed	design	VERB
spir-13513	33	7	to	to	PART
spir-13513	33	8	verify	verify	VERB
spir-13513	33	9	viral	viral	ADJ
spir-13513	33	10	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	33	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	33	12	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	33	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	33	14	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	33	15	organizations	organization	NOUN
spir-13513	33	16	embody	embody	VERB
spir-13513	33	17	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13513	33	18	’s	’s	PART
spir-13513	33	19	vision	vision	NOUN
spir-13513	33	20	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	33	21	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13513	33	22	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13513	33	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	33	24	where	where	SCONJ
spir-13513	33	25	misand	misand	NOUN
spir-13513	33	26	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	33	27	are	be	AUX
spir-13513	33	28	reduced	reduce	VERB
spir-13513	33	29	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	33	30	a	a	DET
spir-13513	33	31	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
spir-13513	33	32	problem	problem	NOUN
spir-13513	33	33	detached	detach	VERB
spir-13513	33	34	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	33	35	contextual	contextual	ADJ
spir-13513	33	36	factors	factor	NOUN
spir-13513	33	37	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	33	38	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-13513	33	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	33	40	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13513	33	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	33	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	34	1	thirdly	thirdly	ADV
spir-13513	34	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	34	3	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	34	4	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	34	5	fail	fail	VERB
spir-13513	34	6	to	to	PART
spir-13513	34	7	apply	apply	VERB
spir-13513	34	8	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	34	9	own	own	ADJ
spir-13513	34	10	community	community	NOUN
spir-13513	34	11	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
spir-13513	34	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	34	13	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	34	14	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	34	15	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	34	16	contexts	contexts	NOUN
spir-13513	34	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	34	18	despite	despite	SCONJ
spir-13513	34	19	partnering	partner	VERB
spir-13513	34	20	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	34	21	seasoned	seasoned	ADJ
spir-13513	34	22	local	local	ADJ
spir-13513	34	23	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	34	24	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	34	25	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	34	26	speakers	speaker	NOUN
spir-13513	34	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	35	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
spir-13513	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	35	3	meta	meta	PROPN
spir-13513	35	4	’s	’s	PART
spir-13513	35	5	third	third	ADJ
spir-13513	35	6	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	35	7	party	party	NOUN
spir-13513	35	8	factchecking	factchecking	NOUN
spir-13513	35	9	program	program	NOUN
spir-13513	35	10	prevents	prevent	VERB
spir-13513	35	11	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	35	12	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	35	13	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	35	14	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	35	15	labeling	label	VERB
spir-13513	35	16	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13513	35	17	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	35	18	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13513	35	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	36	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13513	36	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	36	3	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	36	4	sharp	sharp	ADJ
spir-13513	36	5	contrast	contrast	NOUN
spir-13513	36	6	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	36	7	the	the	DET
spir-13513	36	8	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-13513	36	9	watchdog	watchdog	NOUN
spir-13513	36	10	mission	mission	NOUN
spir-13513	36	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	36	12	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	36	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	36	14	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13513	36	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	37	1	it	it	PRON
spir-13513	37	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	37	3	also	also	ADV
spir-13513	37	4	at	at	ADP
spir-13513	37	5	odds	odd	NOUN
spir-13513	37	6	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	37	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-13513	37	8	showing	show	VERB
spir-13513	37	9	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13513	37	10	falsehoods	falsehood	NOUN
spir-13513	37	11	usually	usually	ADV
spir-13513	37	12	come	come	VERB
spir-13513	37	13	from	from	ADP
spir-13513	37	14	prominent	prominent	ADJ
spir-13513	37	15	public	public	ADJ
spir-13513	37	16	figures	figure	NOUN
spir-13513	37	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	37	18	brennen	brennen	NOUN
spir-13513	37	19	et	et	PROPN
spir-13513	37	20	al	al	PROPN
spir-13513	37	21	.	.	PROPN
spir-13513	37	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	37	23	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	37	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	37	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	1	taken	take	VERB
spir-13513	38	2	together	together	ADV
spir-13513	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	4	the	the	DET
spir-13513	38	5	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13513	38	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	38	7	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	38	8	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	38	9	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	38	10	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	38	11	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	12	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	38	13	entails	entail	VERB
spir-13513	38	14	a	a	DET
spir-13513	38	15	convoluted	convoluted	ADJ
spir-13513	38	16	process	process	NOUN
spir-13513	38	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	38	18	which	which	PRON
spir-13513	38	19	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	38	20	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	38	21	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	38	22	gradually	gradually	ADV
spir-13513	38	23	nudge	nudge	VERB
spir-13513	38	24	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	38	25	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	26	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	38	27	into	into	ADP
spir-13513	38	28	becoming	become	VERB
spir-13513	38	29	part	part	NOUN
spir-13513	38	30	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	38	31	the	the	DET
spir-13513	38	32	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	38	33	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13513	38	34	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-13513	38	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	36	a	a	DET
spir-13513	38	37	shift	shift	NOUN
spir-13513	38	38	that	that	PRON
spir-13513	38	39	runs	run	VERB
spir-13513	38	40	counter	counter	ADV
spir-13513	38	41	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	38	42	the	the	DET
spir-13513	38	43	democracybuilding	democracybuilde	VERB
spir-13513	38	44	values	value	NOUN
spir-13513	38	45	underpinning	underpin	VERB
spir-13513	38	46	the	the	DET
spir-13513	38	47	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	38	48	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	49	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	38	50	movement	movement	NOUN
spir-13513	38	51	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	52	amazeen	amazeen	NOUN
spir-13513	38	53	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	54	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	38	55	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	38	56	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	39	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
spir-13513	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	39	3	by	by	ADP
spir-13513	39	4	including	include	VERB
spir-13513	39	5	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	39	6	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	39	7	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	39	8	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	39	9	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	39	10	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	39	11	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	39	12	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	39	13	taskforces	taskforce	NOUN
spir-13513	39	14	against	against	ADP
spir-13513	39	15	misand	misand	NOUN
spir-13513	39	16	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	39	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	39	18	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	39	19	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	39	20	offer	offer	VERB
spir-13513	39	21	crucial	crucial	ADJ
spir-13513	39	22	funding	funding	NOUN
spir-13513	39	23	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	39	24	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
spir-13513	39	25	operating	operate	VERB
spir-13513	39	26	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	39	27	contexts	context	NOUN
spir-13513	39	28	where	where	SCONJ
spir-13513	39	29	factchecking	factchecking	NOUN
spir-13513	39	30	would	would	AUX
spir-13513	39	31	rarely	rarely	ADV
spir-13513	39	32	be	be	AUX
spir-13513	39	33	sustainable	sustainable	ADJ
spir-13513	39	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	40	1	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13513	40	2	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	40	3	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	40	4	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	40	5	have	have	VERB
spir-13513	40	6	no	no	DET
spir-13513	40	7	input	input	NOUN
spir-13513	40	8	over	over	ADP
spir-13513	40	9	the	the	DET
spir-13513	40	10	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-13513	40	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	40	12	day	day	NOUN
spir-13513	40	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	40	14	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	40	15	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	40	16	day	day	NOUN
spir-13513	40	17	decisions	decision	NOUN
spir-13513	40	18	determining	determine	VERB
spir-13513	40	19	what	what	PRON
spir-13513	40	20	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	40	21	should	should	AUX
spir-13513	40	22	be	be	AUX
spir-13513	40	23	removed	remove	VERB
spir-13513	40	24	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13513	40	25	reduced	reduce	VERB
spir-13513	40	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	40	27	an	an	DET
spir-13513	40	28	arrangement	arrangement	NOUN
spir-13513	40	29	that	that	PRON
spir-13513	40	30	leaves	leave	VERB
spir-13513	40	31	them	they	PRON
spir-13513	40	32	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
spir-13513	40	33	to	to	ADP
spir-13513	40	34	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13513	40	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	40	36	being	be	AUX
spir-13513	40	37	scapegoated	scapegoate	VERB
spir-13513	40	38	as	as	ADP
spir-13513	40	39	censors	censor	NOUN
spir-13513	40	40	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	40	41	the	the	DET
spir-13513	40	42	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	40	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	41	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13513	41	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	41	3	particularly	particularly	ADV
spir-13513	41	4	the	the	DET
spir-13513	41	5	case	case	NOUN
spir-13513	41	6	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	41	7	meta	meta	ADJ
spir-13513	41	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	41	9	the	the	DET
spir-13513	41	10	most	most	ADV
spir-13513	41	11	prominent	prominent	ADJ
spir-13513	41	12	funder	funder	NOUN
spir-13513	41	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	41	14	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	41	15	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	41	16	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	41	17	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	41	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	41	19	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	41	20	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
spir-13513	41	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	42	1	given	give	VERB
spir-13513	42	2	the	the	DET
spir-13513	42	3	above	above	ADJ
spir-13513	42	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	42	5	we	we	PRON
spir-13513	42	6	conclude	conclude	VERB
spir-13513	42	7	that	that	DET
spir-13513	42	8	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	42	9	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	42	10	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13513	42	11	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	42	12	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	42	13	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	42	14	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	42	15	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13513	42	16	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	42	17	being	be	AUX
spir-13513	42	18	deprived	deprive	VERB
spir-13513	42	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	42	20	its	its	PRON
spir-13513	42	21	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-13513	42	22	value	value	NOUN
spir-13513	42	23	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13513	42	24	it	it	PRON
spir-13513	42	25	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	42	26	assimilated	assimilate	VERB
spir-13513	42	27	into	into	ADP
spir-13513	42	28	the	the	DET
spir-13513	42	29	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	42	30	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13513	42	31	industry	industry	NOUN
spir-13513	42	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	43	2	governance	governance	NOUN
spir-13513	43	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	43	4	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	43	5	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	43	6	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	43	7	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	43	8	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	9	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13513	43	10	by	by	ADP
spir-13513	43	11	tech	tech	NOUN
spir-13513	43	12	companies	company	NOUN
spir-13513	43	13	such	such	ADJ
spir-13513	43	14	as	as	ADP
spir-13513	43	15	meta	meta	ADJ
spir-13513	43	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	43	17	google	google	PROPN
spir-13513	43	18	entails	entail	VERB
spir-13513	43	19	the	the	DET
spir-13513	43	20	strategic	strategic	ADJ
spir-13513	43	21	capture	capture	NOUN
spir-13513	43	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	43	23	third	third	ADJ
spir-13513	43	24	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	25	party	party	NOUN
spir-13513	43	26	news	news	NOUN
spir-13513	43	27	practitioners	practitioner	NOUN
spir-13513	43	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	29	papaevangelou	papaevangelou	NOUN
spir-13513	43	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	31	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13513	43	32	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	33	rather	rather	ADV
spir-13513	43	34	than	than	ADP
spir-13513	43	35	the	the	DET
spir-13513	43	36	forging	forging	NOUN
spir-13513	43	37	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	43	38	asymmetrical	asymmetrical	ADJ
spir-13513	43	39	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13513	43	40	mutually	mutually	ADV
spir-13513	43	41	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	42	dependent	dependent	ADJ
spir-13513	43	43	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
spir-13513	43	44	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	45	belair	belair	NOUN
spir-13513	43	46	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	47	gagnon	gagnon	PROPN
spir-13513	43	48	et	et	PROPN
spir-13513	43	49	al	al	PROPN
spir-13513	43	50	.	.	PROPN
spir-13513	43	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	52	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13513	43	53	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	43	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	44	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13513	44	2	our	our	PRON
spir-13513	44	3	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-13513	44	4	reflect	reflect	VERB
spir-13513	44	5	the	the	DET
spir-13513	44	6	experiences	experience	NOUN
spir-13513	44	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	44	8	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	44	9	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	44	10	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	44	11	operating	operate	VERB
spir-13513	44	12	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	44	13	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	44	14	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	44	15	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	44	16	contexts	contexts	NOUN
spir-13513	44	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	44	18	they	they	PRON
spir-13513	44	19	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
spir-13513	44	20	establish	establish	VERB
spir-13513	44	21	the	the	DET
spir-13513	44	22	groundwork	groundwork	NOUN
spir-13513	44	23	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	44	24	investigating	investigate	VERB
spir-13513	44	25	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	44	26	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	44	27	counterparts	counterpart	NOUN
spir-13513	44	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	45	1	western	western	ADJ
spir-13513	45	2	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	45	3	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	45	4	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13513	45	5	address	address	VERB
spir-13513	45	6	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-13513	45	7	threats	threat	NOUN
spir-13513	45	8	that	that	PRON
spir-13513	45	9	erode	erode	VERB
spir-13513	45	10	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-13513	45	11	trust	trust	NOUN
spir-13513	45	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	45	13	contend	contend	VERB
spir-13513	45	14	with	with	ADP
spir-13513	45	15	the	the	DET
spir-13513	45	16	failure	failure	NOUN
spir-13513	45	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	45	18	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	45	19	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	45	20	to	to	PART
spir-13513	45	21	establish	establish	VERB
spir-13513	45	22	a	a	DET
spir-13513	45	23	multistakeholder	multistakeholder	NOUN
spir-13513	45	24	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-13513	45	25	to	to	PART
spir-13513	45	26	address	address	VERB
spir-13513	45	27	misand	misand	NOUN
spir-13513	45	28	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	45	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	45	30	even	even	ADV
spir-13513	45	31	if	if	SCONJ
spir-13513	45	32	these	these	DET
spir-13513	45	33	problems	problem	NOUN
spir-13513	45	34	remain	remain	VERB
spir-13513	45	35	more	more	ADV
spir-13513	45	36	pronounced	pronounced	ADJ
spir-13513	45	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	45	38	widespread	widespread	ADJ
spir-13513	45	39	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	45	40	non	non	ADJ
spir-13513	45	41	-	-	ADJ
spir-13513	45	42	weird	weird	ADJ
spir-13513	45	43	contexts	contexts	NOUN
spir-13513	45	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13513	46	2	ababakirov	ababakirov	PROPN
spir-13513	46	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	4	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13513	46	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	6	ashour	ashour	PROPN
spir-13513	46	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	8	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13513	46	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	10	bandaranayake	bandaranayake	NOUN
spir-13513	46	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	12	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13513	46	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	14	de	de	PROPN
spir-13513	46	15	silva	silva	PROPN
spir-13513	46	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	17	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13513	46	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	19	diouf	diouf	PROPN
spir-13513	46	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	21	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13513	46	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	23	galpaya	galpaya	PROPN
spir-13513	46	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	25	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-13513	46	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	46	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	47	1	valente	valente	PROPN
spir-13513	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	47	3	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13513	47	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	47	5	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	47	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	47	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	48	1	meeting	meet	VERB
spir-13513	48	2	the	the	DET
spir-13513	48	3	challenges	challenge	NOUN
spir-13513	48	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	48	5	information	information	NOUN
spir-13513	48	6	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-13513	48	7	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	48	8	the	the	DET
spir-13513	48	9	global	global	ADJ
spir-13513	48	10	south	south	NOUN
spir-13513	48	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	49	1	https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/handle/10625/60954	https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/handle/10625/60954	PROPN
spir-13513	49	2	amazeen	amazeen	ADV
spir-13513	49	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	49	4	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13513	49	5	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13513	49	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	49	7	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	49	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	49	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	50	1	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-13513	50	2	interventions	intervention	NOUN
spir-13513	50	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	50	4	the	the	DET
spir-13513	50	5	structural	structural	ADJ
spir-13513	50	6	factors	factor	NOUN
spir-13513	50	7	affecting	affect	VERB
spir-13513	50	8	the	the	DET
spir-13513	50	9	global	global	ADJ
spir-13513	50	10	emergence	emergence	NOUN
spir-13513	50	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	50	12	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	50	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	50	14	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13513	50	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	51	1	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13513	51	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	51	3	21(1	21(1	NUM
spir-13513	51	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	51	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	51	6	95	95	NUM
spir-13513	51	7	-	-	SYM
spir-13513	51	8	111	111	NUM
spir-13513	51	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	52	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917730217	https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917730217	NOUN
spir-13513	52	2	ananny	ananny	NOUN
spir-13513	52	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	52	4	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13513	52	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	52	6	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13513	52	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	52	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	53	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	53	2	partnership	partnership	NOUN
spir-13513	53	3	press	press	PROPN
spir-13513	53	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	53	5	lessons	lesson	NOUN
spir-13513	53	6	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	53	7	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	53	8	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	53	9	publisher	publisher	NOUN
spir-13513	53	10	collaborations	collaboration	NOUN
spir-13513	53	11	as	as	ADP
spir-13513	53	12	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-13513	53	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	53	14	news	news	NOUN
spir-13513	53	15	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-13513	53	16	team	team	NOUN
spir-13513	53	17	to	to	PART
spir-13513	53	18	fight	fight	VERB
spir-13513	53	19	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	53	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	54	1	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-13513	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	54	3	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13513	54	4	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-13513	54	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	54	6	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13513	54	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	54	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	55	1	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-13513	55	2	news	news	NOUN
spir-13513	55	3	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	55	4	not	not	PART
spir-13513	55	5	a	a	DET
spir-13513	55	6	virus	virus	NOUN
spir-13513	55	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	55	8	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	55	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	55	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	55	11	their	their	PRON
spir-13513	55	12	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-13513	55	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	56	1	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13513	56	2	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-13513	56	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	56	4	31(1	31(1	NUM
spir-13513	56	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	56	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	56	7	42	42	NUM
spir-13513	56	8	-	-	SYM
spir-13513	56	9	61	61	NUM
spir-13513	56	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtaa008	https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtaa008	VERB
spir-13513	57	2	bélair	bélair	NOUN
spir-13513	57	3	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	4	gagnon	gagnon	NOUN
spir-13513	57	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	6	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-13513	57	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	8	graves	grave	NOUN
spir-13513	57	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	10	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13513	57	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	12	kalsnes	kalsne	NOUN
spir-13513	57	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	14	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13513	57	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	16	steensen	steensen	PROPN
spir-13513	57	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	18	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13513	57	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	20	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	57	21	westlund	westlund	VERB
spir-13513	57	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	23	o.	o.	PROPN
spir-13513	57	24	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	25	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	57	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	57	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	58	1	considering	consider	VERB
spir-13513	58	2	interinstitutional	interinstitutional	ADJ
spir-13513	58	3	visibilities	visibility	NOUN
spir-13513	58	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	58	5	combating	combat	VERB
spir-13513	58	6	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	58	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13513	59	2	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13513	59	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	4	10(5	10(5	NUM
spir-13513	59	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	7	669	669	NUM
spir-13513	59	8	-	-	SYM
spir-13513	59	9	678	678	NUM
spir-13513	59	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	11	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2072923	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2072923	PRON
spir-13513	59	12	https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/handle/10625/60954	https://idl-bnc-idrc.dspacedirect.org/handle/10625/60954	VERB
spir-13513	59	13	https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917730217	https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884917730217	PROPN
spir-13513	59	14	https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtaa008	https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtaa008	PROPN
spir-13513	59	15	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2072923	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2072923	X
spir-13513	59	16	belair	belair	NOUN
spir-13513	59	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	18	gagnon	gagnon	PROPN
spir-13513	59	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	20	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-13513	59	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	22	larsen	larsen	PROPN
spir-13513	59	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	24	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13513	59	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	26	graves	grave	NOUN
spir-13513	59	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	28	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13513	59	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	30	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	59	31	westlund	westlund	PROPN
spir-13513	59	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	33	o.	o.	PROPN
spir-13513	59	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	35	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13513	59	36	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	59	37	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	60	1	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-13513	60	2	work	work	NOUN
spir-13513	60	3	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	60	4	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	60	5	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	60	6	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	60	7	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	60	8	partnerships	partnership	NOUN
spir-13513	60	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	61	1	international	international	ADJ
spir-13513	61	2	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-13513	61	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	61	4	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13513	61	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	61	6	17	17	NUM
spir-13513	61	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	61	8	1169–1189	1169–1189	NUM
spir-13513	61	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	62	1	https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19851	https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19851	NOUN
spir-13513	62	2	bennett	bennett	PROPN
spir-13513	62	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	62	4	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-13513	62	5	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13513	62	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	62	7	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	62	8	livingston	livingston	PROPN
spir-13513	62	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	62	10	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13513	62	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	62	12	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13513	62	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	62	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	63	1	a	a	DET
spir-13513	63	2	brief	brief	ADJ
spir-13513	63	3	history	history	NOUN
spir-13513	63	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	63	5	the	the	DET
spir-13513	63	6	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	63	7	age	age	NOUN
spir-13513	63	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	63	9	information	information	NOUN
spir-13513	63	10	wars	war	NOUN
spir-13513	63	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	63	12	the	the	DET
spir-13513	63	13	decline	decline	NOUN
spir-13513	63	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	63	15	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-13513	63	16	authority	authority	NOUN
spir-13513	63	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	64	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	64	2	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-13513	64	3	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13513	64	4	bennett	bennett	PROPN
spir-13513	64	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	64	6	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13513	64	7	livingston	livingston	PROPN
spir-13513	64	8	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	64	9	eds	eds	PROPN
spir-13513	64	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	64	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	64	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	64	13	the	the	DET
spir-13513	64	14	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	64	15	age	age	NOUN
spir-13513	64	16	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	64	17	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13513	64	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	64	19	technology	technology	NOUN
spir-13513	64	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	64	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	64	22	disruptive	disruptive	ADJ
spir-13513	64	23	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13513	64	24	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	64	25	the	the	DET
spir-13513	64	26	united	united	PROPN
spir-13513	64	27	states	states	PROPN
spir-13513	64	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	65	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
spir-13513	65	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-13513	65	3	press	press	PROPN
spir-13513	65	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	66	1	braun	braun	PROPN
spir-13513	66	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	66	3	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-13513	66	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	66	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	66	6	clarke	clarke	PROPN
spir-13513	66	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	66	8	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-13513	66	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	66	10	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	66	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	66	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	67	1	thematic	thematic	ADJ
spir-13513	67	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13513	67	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	67	4	a	a	DET
spir-13513	67	5	practical	practical	ADJ
spir-13513	67	6	guide	guide	NOUN
spir-13513	67	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	68	1	sage	sage	NOUN
spir-13513	68	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	1	brennen	brennen	PROPN
spir-13513	69	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	3	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13513	69	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13513	69	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	6	simon	simon	PROPN
spir-13513	69	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	8	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13513	69	9	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-13513	69	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	11	howard	howard	PROPN
spir-13513	69	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	13	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-13513	69	14	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-13513	69	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	16	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	69	17	nielsen	nielsen	PROPN
spir-13513	69	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	19	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13513	69	20	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13513	69	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	22	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	69	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	69	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	1	types	type	NOUN
spir-13513	70	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	3	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13513	70	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	70	6	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-13513	70	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	70	8	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-13513	70	9	misinformation	misinformation	PROPN
spir-13513	70	10	chadwick	chadwick	PROPN
spir-13513	70	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	12	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13513	70	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	14	vaccari	vaccari	NOUN
spir-13513	70	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	16	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13513	70	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	18	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	70	19	kaiser	kaiser	PROPN
spir-13513	70	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	21	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13513	70	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	23	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	70	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	70	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	71	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	71	2	amplification	amplification	NOUN
spir-13513	71	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	71	4	exaggerated	exaggerated	ADJ
spir-13513	71	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	71	6	false	false	ADJ
spir-13513	71	7	news	news	NOUN
spir-13513	71	8	on	on	ADP
spir-13513	71	9	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	71	10	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	71	11	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	71	12	the	the	DET
spir-13513	71	13	roles	role	NOUN
spir-13513	71	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	71	15	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	71	16	use	use	NOUN
spir-13513	71	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	71	18	motivations	motivation	NOUN
spir-13513	71	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	71	20	affect	affect	VERB
spir-13513	71	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	71	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	71	23	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-13513	71	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	72	1	american	american	ADJ
spir-13513	72	2	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
spir-13513	72	3	scientist	scientist	NOUN
spir-13513	72	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	73	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221118264	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221118264	ADJ
spir-13513	73	2	çömlekçi	çömlekçi	PROPN
spir-13513	73	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	73	4	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13513	73	5	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13513	73	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	73	7	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	73	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	73	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	74	1	why	why	SCONJ
spir-13513	74	2	do	do	AUX
spir-13513	74	3	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	74	4	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	74	5	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	74	6	organizations	organization	NOUN
spir-13513	74	7	go	go	VERB
spir-13513	74	8	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13513	74	9	factchecking	factchecke	VERB
spir-13513	74	10	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13513	75	1	a	a	DET
spir-13513	75	2	leap	leap	NOUN
spir-13513	75	3	toward	toward	ADP
spir-13513	75	4	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	75	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	75	6	information	information	NOUN
spir-13513	75	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-13513	75	8	education	education	NOUN
spir-13513	75	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	76	1	international	international	ADJ
spir-13513	76	2	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-13513	76	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	76	4	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13513	76	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	76	6	16	16	NUM
spir-13513	76	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	77	1	https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewfile/19728/3903	https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewfile/19728/3903	NOUN
spir-13513	77	2	cotter	cotter	NOUN
spir-13513	77	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	77	4	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13513	77	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	77	6	decook	decook	PROPN
spir-13513	77	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	77	8	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13513	77	9	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13513	77	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	77	11	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	77	12	kanthawala	kanthawala	PROPN
spir-13513	77	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	77	14	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13513	77	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	77	16	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	77	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	77	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	78	1	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	78	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	78	3	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	78	4	the	the	DET
spir-13513	78	5	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-13513	78	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	78	7	covid19	covid19	PROPN
spir-13513	78	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	78	9	infodemics	infodemic	NOUN
spir-13513	78	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	78	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	78	12	the	the	DET
spir-13513	78	13	platformization	platformization	NOUN
spir-13513	78	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	78	15	truth	truth	NOUN
spir-13513	78	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	79	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	79	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	79	3	+	+	CCONJ
spir-13513	79	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-13513	79	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	79	6	8(1	8(1	NOUN
spir-13513	79	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	79	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	80	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211069048	https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211069048	NOUN
spir-13513	80	2	efcsn	efcsn	NOUN
spir-13513	80	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	80	4	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13513	80	5	f.-c	f.-c	PROPN
spir-13513	80	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	81	1	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13513	81	2	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-13513	81	3	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	81	4	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	81	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	81	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	82	1	european	european	PROPN
spir-13513	82	2	code	code	PROPN
spir-13513	82	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	82	4	standards	standard	NOUN
spir-13513	82	5	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	82	6	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-13513	82	7	factchecking	factchecke	VERB
spir-13513	82	8	organisations	organisation	NOUN
spir-13513	82	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	83	1	https://eufactcheckingproject.com/app/uploads/2022/10/eu-code-efcsn-.pdf	https://eufactcheckingproject.com/app/uploads/2022/10/eu-code-efcsn-.pdf	PROPN
spir-13513	84	1	ford	ford	PROPN
spir-13513	84	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	84	3	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-13513	84	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	84	5	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	84	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	84	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	85	1	writing	write	VERB
spir-13513	85	2	the	the	DET
spir-13513	85	3	revolution	revolution	NOUN
spir-13513	85	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	85	5	wikipedia	wikipedia	PROPN
spir-13513	85	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	85	7	the	the	DET
spir-13513	85	8	survival	survival	NOUN
spir-13513	85	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	85	10	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	85	11	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	85	12	the	the	DET
spir-13513	85	13	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13513	85	14	age	age	NOUN
spir-13513	85	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	86	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	86	2	mit	mit	PROPN
spir-13513	86	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13513	86	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	1	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11386.001.0001	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11386.001.0001	NOUN
spir-13513	87	2	gillespie	gillespie	PROPN
spir-13513	87	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	4	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13513	87	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	6	aufderheide	aufderheide	NOUN
spir-13513	87	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	8	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-13513	87	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	10	carmi	carmi	PROPN
spir-13513	87	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	12	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13513	87	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	14	gerrard	gerrard	PROPN
spir-13513	87	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	16	y.	y.	PROPN
spir-13513	87	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	18	gorwa	gorwa	PROPN
spir-13513	87	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	20	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13513	87	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	22	matamoros	matamoros	PROPN
spir-13513	87	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	24	fernández	fernández	PROPN
spir-13513	87	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	26	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13513	87	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	87	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	88	1	myers	myers	PROPN
spir-13513	88	2	west	west	PROPN
spir-13513	88	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	88	4	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13513	88	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	88	6	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	88	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	88	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	89	1	expanding	expand	VERB
spir-13513	89	2	the	the	DET
spir-13513	89	3	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-13513	89	4	about	about	ADP
spir-13513	89	5	content	content	NOUN
spir-13513	89	6	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-13513	89	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	89	8	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
spir-13513	89	9	research	research	NOUN
spir-13513	89	10	agendas	agenda	NOUN
spir-13513	89	11	for	for	ADP
spir-13513	89	12	the	the	DET
spir-13513	89	13	coming	come	VERB
spir-13513	89	14	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13513	89	15	debates	debate	NOUN
spir-13513	89	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	90	1	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13513	90	2	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13513	90	3	review	review	NOUN
spir-13513	90	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	90	5	9(4	9(4	NUM
spir-13513	90	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	90	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	91	1	https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1512	https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1512	PROPN
spir-13513	91	2	graves	graves	PROPN
spir-13513	91	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	91	4	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13513	91	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	91	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	91	7	mantzarlis	mantzarlis	PROPN
spir-13513	91	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	91	9	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13513	91	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	91	11	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	91	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	91	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	92	1	amid	amid	ADP
spir-13513	92	2	political	political	ADJ
spir-13513	92	3	spin	spin	NOUN
spir-13513	92	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	92	5	online	online	ADJ
spir-13513	92	6	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	92	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	92	8	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	92	9	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13513	92	10	adapts	adapt	VERB
spir-13513	92	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	93	1	the	the	DET
spir-13513	93	2	political	political	ADJ
spir-13513	93	3	quarterly	quarterly	NOUN
spir-13513	93	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	93	5	91	91	NUM
spir-13513	93	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	93	7	585	585	NUM
spir-13513	93	8	-	-	SYM
spir-13513	93	9	591	591	NUM
spir-13513	93	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	94	1	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12896	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12896	VERB
spir-13513	94	2	https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19851	https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/19851	NOUN
spir-13513	94	3	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221118264	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027642221118264	NOUN
spir-13513	94	4	https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewfile/19728/3903	https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewfile/19728/3903	NOUN
spir-13513	94	5	https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211069048	https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051211069048	NOUN
spir-13513	94	6	https://eufactcheckingproject.com/app/uploads/2022/10/eu-code-efcsn-.pdf	https://eufactcheckingproject.com/app/uploads/2022/10/eu-code-efcsn-.pdf	NOUN
spir-13513	95	1	https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11386.001.0001	https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/11386.001.0001	NOUN
spir-13513	95	2	https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1512	https://doi.org/10.14763/2020.4.1512	X
spir-13513	95	3	https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12896	https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.1111/1467-923x.12896	PROPN
spir-13513	95	4	kuo	kuo	PROPN
spir-13513	95	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	95	6	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13513	95	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	95	8	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	95	9	marwick	marwick	PROPN
spir-13513	95	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	95	11	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13513	95	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	95	13	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13513	95	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	95	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	96	1	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13513	96	2	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	96	3	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13513	96	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	96	5	history	history	NOUN
spir-13513	96	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	96	7	power	power	NOUN
spir-13513	96	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	96	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	96	10	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13513	96	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	97	1	harvard	harvard	PROPN
spir-13513	97	2	kennedy	kennedy	PROPN
spir-13513	97	3	school	school	PROPN
spir-13513	97	4	misinformation	misinformation	PROPN
spir-13513	97	5	review	review	NOUN
spir-13513	97	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	98	1	https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-76	https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-76	PROPN
spir-13513	98	2	nothias	nothias	PROPN
spir-13513	98	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	98	4	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13513	98	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	98	6	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13513	98	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	98	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	99	1	access	access	NOUN
spir-13513	99	2	granted	grant	VERB
spir-13513	99	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	99	4	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13513	99	5	’s	’s	PART
spir-13513	99	6	free	free	ADJ
spir-13513	99	7	basics	basic	NOUN
spir-13513	99	8	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	99	9	africa	africa	PROPN
spir-13513	99	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	100	1	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	100	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	100	3	culture	culture	NOUN
spir-13513	100	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	100	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-13513	100	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	100	7	42(3	42(3	NUM
spir-13513	100	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	100	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	100	10	329	329	NUM
spir-13513	100	11	-	-	SYM
spir-13513	100	12	348	348	NUM
spir-13513	100	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	101	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719890530	https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719890530	PROPN
spir-13513	101	2	papaevangelou	papaevangelou	NOUN
spir-13513	101	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	101	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13513	101	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	101	6	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13513	101	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	101	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	102	1	funding	funding	NOUN
spir-13513	102	2	intermediaries	intermediary	NOUN
spir-13513	102	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	102	4	google	google	PROPN
spir-13513	102	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	102	6	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13513	102	7	’s	’s	PART
spir-13513	102	8	strategy	strategy	NOUN
spir-13513	102	9	to	to	PART
spir-13513	102	10	capture	capture	VERB
spir-13513	102	11	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13513	102	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	103	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13513	103	2	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13513	103	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	103	4	1	1	NUM
spir-13513	103	5	-	-	SYM
spir-13513	103	6	22	22	NUM
spir-13513	103	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	104	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2155206	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2155206	PROPN
spir-13513	104	2	petre	petre	PROPN
spir-13513	104	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	104	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13513	104	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	104	6	duffy	duffy	PROPN
spir-13513	104	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	104	8	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13513	104	9	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13513	104	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	104	11	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	104	12	hund	hund	PROPN
spir-13513	104	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	104	14	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13513	104	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	104	16	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13513	104	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	104	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	105	1	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13513	105	2	gaming	game	VERB
spir-13513	105	3	the	the	DET
spir-13513	105	4	system	system	NOUN
spir-13513	105	5	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13513	105	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	105	7	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13513	105	8	paternalism	paternalism	NOUN
spir-13513	105	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	105	10	the	the	DET
spir-13513	105	11	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13513	105	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13513	105	13	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
spir-13513	105	14	visibility	visibility	NOUN
spir-13513	105	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	106	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-13513	106	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13513	106	3	+	+	CCONJ
spir-13513	106	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-13513	106	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	106	6	5(4	5(4	NUM
spir-13513	106	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	106	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	107	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119879995	https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119879995	PROPN
spir-13513	107	2	states	state	NOUN
spir-13513	107	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	107	4	u.	u.	NOUN
spir-13513	107	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	107	6	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	107	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	107	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	108	1	election	election	NOUN
spir-13513	108	2	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	108	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	108	4	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13513	108	5	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	108	6	checking	check	VERB
spir-13513	108	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13513	108	8	countering	counter	VERB
spir-13513	108	9	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	108	10	https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/fact-checking-andcountering-misinformation	https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/fact-checking-andcountering-misinformation	PROPN
spir-13513	108	11	tandoc	tandoc	PROPN
spir-13513	108	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	108	13	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13513	108	14	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13513	108	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	108	16	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13513	108	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	108	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	109	1	contextualizing	contextualize	VERB
spir-13513	109	2	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-13513	109	3	news	news	NOUN
spir-13513	109	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13513	109	5	can	can	AUX
spir-13513	109	6	online	online	ADJ
spir-13513	109	7	falsehoods	falsehood	NOUN
spir-13513	109	8	spread	spread	VERB
spir-13513	109	9	fast	fast	ADV
spir-13513	109	10	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13513	109	11	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13513	109	12	is	be	AUX
spir-13513	109	13	slow	slow	ADJ
spir-13513	109	14	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	110	2	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13513	110	3	madrid	madrid	PROPN
spir-13513	110	4	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	5	morales	morales	PROPN
spir-13513	110	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13513	110	7	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-13513	110	8	wasserman	wasserman	PROPN
spir-13513	110	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	10	eds	eds	PROPN
spir-13513	110	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	14	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13513	110	15	in	in	ADP
spir-13513	110	16	the	the	DET
spir-13513	110	17	global	global	ADJ
spir-13513	110	18	south	south	NOUN
spir-13513	110	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	20	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-13513	110	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	22	3	3	NUM
spir-13513	110	23	-	-	SYM
spir-13513	110	24	14	14	NUM
spir-13513	110	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13513	110	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	111	1	wiley	wiley	PROPN
spir-13513	111	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13513	111	3	blackwell	blackwell	PROPN
spir-13513	111	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13513	112	1	https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-76	https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-76	PROPN
spir-13513	113	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719890530	https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443719890530	NUM
spir-13513	113	2	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2155206	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2155206	PROPN
spir-13513	114	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119879995	https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305119879995	PROPN
spir-13513	115	1	https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/fact-checking-and-countering-misinformation	https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/fact-checking-and-countering-misinformation	PROPN
spir-13513	115	2	https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/fact-checking-and-countering-misinformation	https://www.state.gov/briefings-foreign-press-centers/fact-checking-and-countering-misinformation	PROPN