id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-13527	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-13527	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-13527	1	5	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13527	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	1	8	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13527	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13527	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13527	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-13527	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-13527	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13527	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13527	1	17	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13527	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	19	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13527	1	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	21	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13527	1	22	/	/	SYM
spir-13527	1	23	18	18	NUM
spir-13527	1	24	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	1	25	21	21	NUM
spir-13527	1	26	oct	oct	PROPN
spir-13527	1	27	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13527	1	28	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-13527	1	29	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-13527	1	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	31	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-13527	1	32	):	):	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	33	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-13527	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	35	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	1	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	37	bechmann	bechmann	NOUN
spir-13527	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	39	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	1	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	41	charquero	charquero	ADJ
spir-13527	1	42	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	43	ballester	ballester	NOUN
spir-13527	1	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	45	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	1	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	47	walter	walter	PROPN
spir-13527	1	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	49	j.g	j.g	PROPN
spir-13527	1	50	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	1	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	52	stromergalley	stromergalley	PROPN
spir-13527	1	53	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	54	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	1	55	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	56	mckernan	mckernan	PROPN
spir-13527	1	57	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	58	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	1	59	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	60	giglietto	giglietto	PROPN
spir-13527	1	61	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	62	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13527	1	63	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	64	righetti	righetti	PROPN
spir-13527	1	65	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	66	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13527	1	67	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	68	stanziano	stanziano	NOUN
spir-13527	1	69	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	70	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	1	71	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	72	choucair	choucair	NOUN
spir-13527	1	73	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	74	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13527	1	75	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	76	esau	esau	PROPN
spir-13527	1	77	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	78	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13527	1	79	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	80	svegaard	svegaard	PROPN
spir-13527	1	81	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	82	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13527	1	83	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	84	vilkins	vilkin	NOUN
spir-13527	1	85	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	86	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13527	1	87	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	88	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13527	1	89	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	90	october	october	PROPN
spir-13527	1	91	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	1	92	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	2	1	revisiting	revisit	VERB
spir-13527	2	2	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	2	3	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	2	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	2	5	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	2	6	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	2	7	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	2	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	2	9	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	2	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	2	11	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	2	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	2	13	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	2	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	2	15	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	2	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	3	1	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-13527	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-13527	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	3	4	aoir2023	aoir2023	PROPN
spir-13527	3	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	3	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	3	7	24th	24th	ADJ
spir-13527	3	8	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13527	3	9	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-13527	3	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	3	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	3	12	association	association	NOUN
spir-13527	3	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	3	14	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13527	3	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-13527	3	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	4	1	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13527	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	4	3	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13527	4	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	4	5	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13527	4	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	4	7	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-13527	4	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	4	9	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-13527	4	10	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	4	11	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-13527	4	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	1	revisiting	revisit	VERB
spir-13527	5	2	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	5	3	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	5	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	5	5	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	6	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	7	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	9	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	5	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	11	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	5	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	13	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	5	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	15	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	5	16	axel	axel	NOUN
spir-13527	5	17	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-13527	5	18	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	19	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	20	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	21	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	5	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	23	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	5	24	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	26	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-13527	5	27	anja	anja	PROPN
spir-13527	5	28	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-13527	5	29	datalab	datalab	NOUN
spir-13527	5	30	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	31	center	center	NOUN
spir-13527	5	32	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	5	33	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	34	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	5	35	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	37	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-13527	5	38	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	39	marina	marina	PROPN
spir-13527	5	40	charquero	charquero	PROPN
spir-13527	5	41	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	42	ballester	ballester	NOUN
spir-13527	5	43	datalab	datalab	NOUN
spir-13527	5	44	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	45	center	center	NOUN
spir-13527	5	46	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	5	47	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	48	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	5	49	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	51	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-13527	5	52	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	53	jessica	jessica	PROPN
spir-13527	5	54	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	5	55	walter	walter	PROPN
spir-13527	5	56	datalab	datalab	PROPN
spir-13527	5	57	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	58	center	center	NOUN
spir-13527	5	59	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	5	60	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	61	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	5	62	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	63	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	64	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-13527	5	65	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	66	jennifer	jennifer	PROPN
spir-13527	5	67	stromer	stromer	PROPN
spir-13527	5	68	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	69	galley	galley	NOUN
spir-13527	5	70	syracuse	syracuse	PROPN
spir-13527	5	71	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	72	brian	brian	PROPN
spir-13527	5	73	mckernan	mckernan	PROPN
spir-13527	5	74	syracuse	syracuse	PROPN
spir-13527	5	75	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	76	fabio	fabio	PROPN
spir-13527	5	77	giglietto	giglietto	PROPN
spir-13527	5	78	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	79	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	80	urbino	urbino	PROPN
spir-13527	5	81	carlo	carlo	PROPN
spir-13527	5	82	bo	bo	PROPN
spir-13527	5	83	nicola	nicola	PROPN
spir-13527	5	84	righetti	righetti	PROPN
spir-13527	5	85	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	86	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	87	vienna	vienna	PROPN
spir-13527	5	88	anna	anna	PROPN
spir-13527	5	89	stanziano	stanziano	PROPN
spir-13527	5	90	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	91	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	92	rome	rome	PROPN
spir-13527	5	93	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	94	la	la	X
spir-13527	5	95	sapienza	sapienza	PROPN
spir-13527	5	96	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	97	tariq	tariq	PROPN
spir-13527	5	98	choucair	choucair	NOUN
spir-13527	5	99	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-13527	5	100	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	101	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	102	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	5	103	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	104	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	5	105	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	106	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	107	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-13527	5	108	katharina	katharina	PROPN
spir-13527	5	109	esau	esau	PROPN
spir-13527	5	110	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-13527	5	111	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	112	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	113	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	5	114	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	115	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	5	116	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	117	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	118	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-13527	5	119	sebastian	sebastian	PROPN
spir-13527	5	120	svegaard	svegaard	VERB
spir-13527	5	121	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	122	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	123	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	124	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	5	125	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	126	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	5	127	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	128	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	129	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-13527	5	130	samantha	samantha	PROPN
spir-13527	5	131	vilkins	vilkin	VERB
spir-13527	5	132	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	133	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	134	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	5	135	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	5	136	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	137	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	5	138	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	5	139	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	140	technology	technology	NOUN
spir-13527	5	141	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-13527	5	142	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-13527	5	143	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-13527	5	144	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
spir-13527	5	145	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	5	146	the	the	DET
spir-13527	5	147	intersections	intersection	NOUN
spir-13527	5	148	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	5	149	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	150	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	151	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	5	152	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	5	153	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-13527	5	154	has	have	AUX
spir-13527	5	155	taken	take	VERB
spir-13527	5	156	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	5	157	a	a	DET
spir-13527	5	158	decidedly	decidedly	ADV
spir-13527	5	159	pessimistic	pessimistic	ADJ
spir-13527	5	160	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	161	even	even	ADV
spir-13527	5	162	dystopian	dystopian	ADJ
spir-13527	5	163	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-13527	5	164	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	165	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	5	166	not	not	PART
spir-13527	5	167	without	without	ADP
spir-13527	5	168	reason	reason	NOUN
spir-13527	5	169	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	170	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	5	171	the	the	DET
spir-13527	5	172	effective	effective	ADJ
spir-13527	5	173	use	use	NOUN
spir-13527	5	174	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	175	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	5	176	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	177	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	5	178	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	5	179	populists	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	5	180	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	5	181	demagogues	demagogue	NOUN
spir-13527	5	182	like	like	ADP
spir-13527	5	183	donald	donald	PROPN
spir-13527	5	184	trump	trump	VERB
spir-13527	5	185	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	5	186	the	the	DET
spir-13527	5	187	expression	expression	NOUN
spir-13527	5	188	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	189	deepening	deepen	VERB
spir-13527	5	190	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	5	191	divides	divide	NOUN
spir-13527	5	192	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	5	193	online	online	ADJ
spir-13527	5	194	public	public	ADJ
spir-13527	5	195	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-13527	5	196	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	197	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	5	198	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	5	199	the	the	DET
spir-13527	5	200	emergence	emergence	NOUN
spir-13527	5	201	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	202	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	5	203	online	online	ADJ
spir-13527	5	204	communities	community	NOUN
spir-13527	5	205	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	5	206	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	5	207	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	5	208	the	the	DET
spir-13527	5	209	intensification	intensification	NOUN
spir-13527	5	210	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	5	211	exploitation	exploitation	NOUN
spir-13527	5	212	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	5	213	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	5	214	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	5	215	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	5	216	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-13527	5	217	theorists	theorist	NOUN
spir-13527	5	218	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	5	219	state	state	NOUN
spir-13527	5	220	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	5	221	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	5	222	there	there	PRON
spir-13527	5	223	are	be	VERB
spir-13527	5	224	substantial	substantial	ADJ
spir-13527	5	225	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-13527	5	226	about	about	ADP
spir-13527	5	227	the	the	DET
spir-13527	5	228	way	way	NOUN
spir-13527	5	229	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	5	230	extremist	extremist	ADJ
spir-13527	5	231	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	5	232	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	5	233	utilising	utilise	VERB
spir-13527	5	234	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	5	235	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	5	236	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	5	237	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	5	238	logics	logic	NOUN
spir-13527	5	239	to	to	PART
spir-13527	5	240	further	further	VERB
spir-13527	5	241	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	5	242	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	5	243	agendas	agenda	NOUN
spir-13527	5	244	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	6	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	6	2	situation	situation	NOUN
spir-13527	6	3	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	6	4	further	far	ADV
spir-13527	6	5	complicated	complicate	VERB
spir-13527	6	6	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	6	7	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	6	8	providers	provider	NOUN
spir-13527	6	9	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	6	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	6	11	regulators	regulator	NOUN
spir-13527	6	12	’	’	PART
spir-13527	6	13	limited	limited	ADJ
spir-13527	6	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	6	15	unsystematic	unsystematic	ADJ
spir-13527	6	16	responses	response	NOUN
spir-13527	6	17	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	6	18	these	these	DET
spir-13527	6	19	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	6	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	7	1	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13527	7	2	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13527	7	3	there	there	PRON
spir-13527	7	4	is	be	VERB
spir-13527	7	5	considerable	considerable	ADJ
spir-13527	7	6	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	7	7	into	into	ADP
spir-13527	7	8	the	the	DET
spir-13527	7	9	various	various	ADJ
spir-13527	7	10	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	7	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	7	12	events	event	NOUN
spir-13527	7	13	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	7	14	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
spir-13527	7	15	these	these	DET
spir-13527	7	16	developments	development	NOUN
spir-13527	7	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	7	18	many	many	ADJ
spir-13527	7	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	7	20	the	the	DET
spir-13527	7	21	central	central	ADJ
spir-13527	7	22	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	7	23	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	7	24	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	7	25	used	use	VERB
spir-13527	7	26	to	to	PART
spir-13527	7	27	describe	describe	VERB
spir-13527	7	28	these	these	DET
spir-13527	7	29	cases	case	NOUN
spir-13527	7	30	receive	receive	VERB
spir-13527	7	31	substantially	substantially	ADV
spir-13527	7	32	less	less	ADV
spir-13527	7	33	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13527	7	34	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	7	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	1	terms	term	NOUN
spir-13527	8	2	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	8	3	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	8	4	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	5	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	8	6	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	8	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	9	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	8	10	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	12	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	13	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	8	14	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	8	17	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	18	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	8	19	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	20	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	8	21	often	often	ADV
spir-13527	8	22	deployed	deploy	VERB
spir-13527	8	23	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	8	24	if	if	SCONJ
spir-13527	8	25	did	do	AUX
spir-13527	8	26	not	not	PART
spir-13527	8	27	themselves	themselves	PRON
spir-13527	8	28	require	require	VERB
spir-13527	8	29	further	further	ADJ
spir-13527	8	30	qualification	qualification	NOUN
spir-13527	8	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	8	32	definition	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	8	33	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	8	34	even	even	ADV
spir-13527	8	35	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	8	36	spite	spite	NOUN
spir-13527	8	37	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	8	38	the	the	DET
spir-13527	8	39	considerable	considerable	ADJ
spir-13527	8	40	volume	volume	NOUN
spir-13527	8	41	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	8	42	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13527	8	43	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	8	44	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	8	45	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	8	46	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	8	47	other	other	ADJ
spir-13527	8	48	ancillary	ancillary	ADJ
spir-13527	8	49	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
spir-13527	8	50	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	8	51	addresses	address	VERB
spir-13527	8	52	the	the	DET
spir-13527	8	53	various	various	ADJ
spir-13527	8	54	facets	facet	NOUN
spir-13527	8	55	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	8	56	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	8	57	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	8	58	may	may	AUX
spir-13527	8	59	have	have	VERB
spir-13527	8	60	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	9	1	informed	inform	VERB
spir-13527	9	2	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	9	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	9	4	building	build	VERB
spir-13527	9	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	9	6	substantial	substantial	ADJ
spir-13527	9	7	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13527	9	8	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	9	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	9	10	this	this	DET
spir-13527	9	11	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-13527	9	12	therefore	therefore	ADV
spir-13527	9	13	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
spir-13527	9	14	a	a	DET
spir-13527	9	15	conversation	conversation	NOUN
spir-13527	9	16	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	9	17	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-13527	9	18	innovation	innovation	NOUN
spir-13527	9	19	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	9	20	the	the	DET
spir-13527	9	21	coalface	coalface	NOUN
spir-13527	9	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	9	23	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	9	24	trace	trace	NOUN
spir-13527	9	25	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	9	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	9	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	9	28	careful	careful	ADJ
spir-13527	9	29	reflection	reflection	NOUN
spir-13527	9	30	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	9	31	the	the	DET
spir-13527	9	32	definitions	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	9	33	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	9	34	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	9	35	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	9	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	9	37	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	9	38	order	order	NOUN
spir-13527	9	39	to	to	PART
spir-13527	9	40	explore	explore	VERB
spir-13527	9	41	the	the	DET
spir-13527	9	42	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-13527	9	43	frameworks	framework	NOUN
spir-13527	9	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	9	45	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-13527	9	46	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	9	47	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	9	48	might	might	AUX
spir-13527	9	49	illuminate	illuminate	VERB
spir-13527	9	50	the	the	DET
spir-13527	9	51	distinct	distinct	ADJ
spir-13527	9	52	features	feature	NOUN
spir-13527	9	53	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	9	54	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	9	55	four	four	NUM
spir-13527	9	56	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	9	57	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	9	58	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	9	59	sharper	sharp	ADJ
spir-13527	9	60	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-13527	9	61	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	10	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	10	2	first	first	ADJ
spir-13527	10	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	10	4	engages	engage	VERB
spir-13527	10	5	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	10	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	10	7	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	10	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	10	9	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	10	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	10	11	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	10	12	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	10	13	conceptualises	conceptualise	VERB
spir-13527	10	14	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	10	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	10	16	power	power	NOUN
spir-13527	10	17	to	to	PART
spir-13527	10	18	affect	affect	VERB
spir-13527	10	19	others	other	NOUN
spir-13527	10	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	11	1	focussing	focusse	VERB
spir-13527	11	2	especially	especially	ADV
spir-13527	11	3	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	11	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	11	5	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-13527	11	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	11	7	verified	verify	VERB
spir-13527	11	8	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	11	9	content	content	NOUN
spir-13527	11	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	11	11	vfc	vfc	PROPN
spir-13527	11	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	11	13	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	11	14	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	11	15	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	11	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	11	17	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	11	18	proposes	propose	VERB
spir-13527	11	19	a	a	DET
spir-13527	11	20	novel	novel	ADJ
spir-13527	11	21	population	population	NOUN
spir-13527	11	22	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	11	23	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-13527	11	24	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	11	25	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	11	26	both	both	PRON
spir-13527	11	27	employs	employ	VERB
spir-13527	11	28	a	a	DET
spir-13527	11	29	bottom	bottom	ADJ
spir-13527	11	30	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	11	31	up	up	ADP
spir-13527	11	32	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	11	33	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	11	34	identifying	identify	VERB
spir-13527	11	35	the	the	DET
spir-13527	11	36	influential	influential	ADJ
spir-13527	11	37	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	11	38	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-13527	11	39	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	11	40	content	content	NOUN
spir-13527	11	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	11	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	11	43	highlights	highlight	VERB
spir-13527	11	44	the	the	DET
spir-13527	11	45	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	11	46	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	11	47	ordinary	ordinary	ADJ
spir-13527	11	48	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13527	11	49	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	11	50	these	these	DET
spir-13527	11	51	messages	message	NOUN
spir-13527	11	52	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	12	1	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	12	2	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
spir-13527	12	3	this	this	DET
spir-13527	12	4	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	12	5	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	12	6	drawing	draw	VERB
spir-13527	12	7	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	12	8	the	the	DET
spir-13527	12	9	large	large	ADJ
spir-13527	12	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	12	11	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-13527	12	12	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-13527	12	13	url	url	NOUN
spir-13527	12	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	12	15	sharing	share	VERB
spir-13527	12	16	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-13527	12	17	available	available	ADJ
spir-13527	12	18	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	12	19	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	12	20	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	12	21	one	one	NUM
spir-13527	12	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	12	23	developing	develop	VERB
spir-13527	12	24	an	an	DET
spir-13527	12	25	eu	eu	ADJ
spir-13527	12	26	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	12	27	wide	wide	ADJ
spir-13527	12	28	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	12	29	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	12	30	vfc	vfc	PROPN
spir-13527	12	31	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	12	32	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	12	33	national	national	ADJ
spir-13527	12	34	levels	level	NOUN
spir-13527	12	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	13	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	13	2	second	second	ADJ
spir-13527	13	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	13	4	continues	continue	VERB
spir-13527	13	5	this	this	DET
spir-13527	13	6	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	13	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	13	8	critiquing	critique	VERB
spir-13527	13	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	13	10	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	13	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	13	12	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	13	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	13	14	highlighting	highlight	VERB
spir-13527	13	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	13	16	term	term	NOUN
spir-13527	13	17	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	13	18	a	a	DET
spir-13527	13	19	weak	weak	ADJ
spir-13527	13	20	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-13527	13	21	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	13	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	14	1	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	14	2	argues	argue	VERB
spir-13527	14	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	14	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	14	5	rather	rather	ADV
spir-13527	14	6	than	than	ADP
spir-13527	14	7	focussing	focusse	VERB
spir-13527	14	8	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	14	9	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	14	10	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-13527	14	11	stance	stance	NOUN
spir-13527	14	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	14	13	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-13527	14	14	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	14	15	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	14	16	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	14	17	judged	judge	VERB
spir-13527	14	18	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	14	19	the	the	DET
spir-13527	14	20	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-13527	14	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	14	22	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	14	23	delegitimising	delegitimise	VERB
spir-13527	14	24	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	14	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	15	1	further	far	ADV
spir-13527	15	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	15	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	15	4	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	15	5	asserts	assert	VERB
spir-13527	15	6	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	15	7	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	15	8	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	15	9	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	15	10	enabled	enable	VERB
spir-13527	15	11	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	15	12	the	the	DET
spir-13527	15	13	decentralised	decentralise	VERB
spir-13527	15	14	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	15	15	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-13527	15	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	15	17	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	15	18	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	15	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	16	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	16	2	utility	utility	NOUN
spir-13527	16	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	16	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	16	5	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	16	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	16	7	delegitimisation	delegitimisation	NOUN
spir-13527	16	8	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	16	9	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	16	10	enables	enable	VERB
spir-13527	16	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	16	12	identification	identification	NOUN
spir-13527	16	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	16	14	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	16	15	messages	message	NOUN
spir-13527	16	16	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	16	17	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	16	18	truly	truly	ADV
spir-13527	16	19	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
spir-13527	16	20	because	because	SCONJ
spir-13527	16	21	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	16	22	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	16	23	meant	mean	VERB
spir-13527	16	24	to	to	PART
spir-13527	16	25	destabilise	destabilise	VERB
spir-13527	16	26	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
spir-13527	16	27	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	16	28	principles	principle	NOUN
spir-13527	16	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	16	30	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	16	31	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	16	32	the	the	DET
spir-13527	16	33	integrity	integrity	NOUN
spir-13527	16	34	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	16	35	the	the	DET
spir-13527	16	36	vote	vote	NOUN
spir-13527	16	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	16	38	the	the	DET
spir-13527	16	39	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
spir-13527	16	40	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	16	41	alternative	alternative	ADJ
spir-13527	16	42	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13527	16	43	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	16	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	17	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	17	2	situating	situate	VERB
spir-13527	17	3	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	17	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	17	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	17	6	context	context	NOUN
spir-13527	17	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	17	8	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	17	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	17	10	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-13527	17	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	17	12	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	17	13	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	17	14	see	see	VERB
spir-13527	17	15	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	17	16	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	17	17	messages	message	NOUN
spir-13527	17	18	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	17	19	amplified	amplify	VERB
spir-13527	17	20	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	17	21	distributed	distribute	VERB
spir-13527	17	22	network	network	NOUN
spir-13527	17	23	channels	channel	NOUN
spir-13527	17	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	18	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	18	2	third	third	ADJ
spir-13527	18	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	18	4	shifts	shift	NOUN
spir-13527	18	5	focus	focus	VERB
spir-13527	18	6	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	18	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	18	8	possible	possible	ADJ
spir-13527	18	9	results	result	NOUN
spir-13527	18	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	18	11	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	18	12	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	18	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	18	14	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-13527	18	15	demagoguery	demagoguery	NOUN
spir-13527	18	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	18	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	18	18	addresses	address	VERB
spir-13527	18	19	the	the	DET
spir-13527	18	20	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	18	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	18	22	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	18	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	19	1	taking	take	VERB
spir-13527	19	2	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	19	3	case	case	NOUN
spir-13527	19	4	study	study	VERB
spir-13527	19	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	19	6	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	19	7	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	19	8	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	19	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	19	10	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	19	11	introduces	introduce	VERB
spir-13527	19	12	a	a	DET
spir-13527	19	13	novel	novel	ADJ
spir-13527	19	14	combination	combination	NOUN
spir-13527	19	15	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	19	16	computationally	computationally	ADV
spir-13527	19	17	informed	inform	VERB
spir-13527	19	18	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-13527	19	19	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13527	19	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	19	21	applies	apply	VERB
spir-13527	19	22	them	they	PRON
spir-13527	19	23	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	19	24	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	19	25	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	19	26	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	19	27	to	to	PART
spir-13527	19	28	gauge	gauge	VERB
spir-13527	19	29	the	the	DET
spir-13527	19	30	level	level	NOUN
spir-13527	19	31	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	19	32	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	19	33	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	19	34	devoted	devote	VERB
spir-13527	19	35	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	19	36	the	the	DET
spir-13527	19	37	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	19	38	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	19	39	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	19	40	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	19	41	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	19	42	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	19	43	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	19	44	the	the	DET
spir-13527	19	45	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	19	46	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	19	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	19	48	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	19	49	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
spir-13527	19	50	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	19	51	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	19	52	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	19	53	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-13527	19	54	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	19	55	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	19	56	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	19	57	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	19	58	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-13527	19	59	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	20	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	20	2	provides	provide	VERB
spir-13527	20	3	new	new	ADJ
spir-13527	20	4	insights	insight	NOUN
spir-13527	20	5	into	into	ADP
spir-13527	20	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	20	7	structures	structure	NOUN
spir-13527	20	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	20	9	intersections	intersection	NOUN
spir-13527	20	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	20	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	20	12	faultlines	faultline	NOUN
spir-13527	20	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	20	14	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	20	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	20	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	20	17	enables	enable	VERB
spir-13527	20	18	the	the	DET
spir-13527	20	19	mapping	mapping	NOUN
spir-13527	20	20	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	20	21	a	a	DET
spir-13527	20	22	broader	broad	ADJ
spir-13527	20	23	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13527	20	24	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	20	25	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
spir-13527	20	26	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	20	27	space	space	NOUN
spir-13527	20	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	21	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	21	2	final	final	ADJ
spir-13527	21	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	21	4	continues	continue	VERB
spir-13527	21	5	this	this	DET
spir-13527	21	6	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	21	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	21	8	exploring	explore	VERB
spir-13527	21	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	21	10	complexities	complexity	NOUN
spir-13527	21	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	21	12	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	21	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	22	1	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	22	2	highlights	highlight	VERB
spir-13527	22	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	22	4	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-13527	22	5	fluidity	fluidity	NOUN
spir-13527	22	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	22	7	this	this	DET
spir-13527	22	8	term	term	NOUN
spir-13527	22	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	22	10	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	22	11	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	22	12	expressed	express	VERB
spir-13527	22	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	22	14	the	the	DET
spir-13527	22	15	multitude	multitude	NOUN
spir-13527	22	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	22	17	adjectives	adjective	NOUN
spir-13527	22	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	22	19	qualifiers	qualifier	NOUN
spir-13527	22	20	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	22	21	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	22	22	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	22	23	found	find	VERB
spir-13527	22	24	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	22	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	22	26	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-13527	22	27	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13527	22	28	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	22	29	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	22	30	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	22	31	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	22	32	affective	affective	NOUN
spir-13527	22	33	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	22	34	interactive	interactive	ADJ
spir-13527	22	35	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	22	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	22	37	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13527	22	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	22	39	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	22	40	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	22	41	benign	benign	ADJ
spir-13527	22	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	22	43	even	even	ADV
spir-13527	22	44	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
spir-13527	22	45	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	22	46	pernicious	pernicious	ADJ
spir-13527	22	47	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	22	48	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	22	49	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	22	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	23	1	mapping	map	VERB
spir-13527	23	2	these	these	DET
spir-13527	23	3	distinct	distinct	ADJ
spir-13527	23	4	forms	form	NOUN
spir-13527	23	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	23	6	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	23	7	onto	onto	ADP
spir-13527	23	8	a	a	DET
spir-13527	23	9	diverse	diverse	ADJ
spir-13527	23	10	range	range	NOUN
spir-13527	23	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	23	12	mixed	mixed	ADJ
spir-13527	23	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	23	14	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13527	23	15	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	23	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	23	17	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	23	18	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	23	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	23	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	23	21	outlining	outline	VERB
spir-13527	23	22	a	a	DET
spir-13527	23	23	number	number	NOUN
spir-13527	23	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	23	25	criteria	criterion	NOUN
spir-13527	23	26	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	23	27	assessing	assess	VERB
spir-13527	23	28	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-13527	23	29	the	the	DET
spir-13527	23	30	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
spir-13527	23	31	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	23	32	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	23	33	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	23	34	turned	turn	VERB
spir-13527	23	35	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	23	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	23	37	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	23	38	outlines	outline	VERB
spir-13527	23	39	new	new	ADJ
spir-13527	23	40	pathways	pathway	NOUN
spir-13527	23	41	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	23	42	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	23	43	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	23	44	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	23	45	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13527	23	46	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	23	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	24	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	24	2	combination	combination	NOUN
spir-13527	24	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	24	4	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	24	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	24	6	these	these	DET
spir-13527	24	7	four	four	NUM
spir-13527	24	8	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	24	9	offer	offer	VERB
spir-13527	24	10	a	a	DET
spir-13527	24	11	timely	timely	ADJ
spir-13527	24	12	nudge	nudge	NOUN
spir-13527	24	13	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	24	14	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	24	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	24	16	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	24	17	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	24	18	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	24	19	to	to	PART
spir-13527	24	20	revisit	revisit	VERB
spir-13527	24	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	24	22	reconsider	reconsider	VERB
spir-13527	24	23	some	some	PRON
spir-13527	24	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	24	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	24	26	central	central	ADJ
spir-13527	24	27	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	24	28	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	24	29	online	online	ADJ
spir-13527	24	30	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	24	31	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	24	32	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	24	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	24	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	24	35	to	to	PART
spir-13527	24	36	retrace	retrace	VERB
spir-13527	24	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	24	38	reaffirm	reaffirm	VERB
spir-13527	24	39	the	the	DET
spir-13527	24	40	connections	connection	NOUN
spir-13527	24	41	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	24	42	the	the	DET
spir-13527	24	43	definitions	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	24	44	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	24	45	these	these	DET
spir-13527	24	46	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	24	47	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	24	48	the	the	DET
spir-13527	24	49	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-13527	24	50	frameworks	framework	NOUN
spir-13527	24	51	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	24	52	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	24	53	use	use	VERB
spir-13527	24	54	to	to	PART
spir-13527	24	55	study	study	VERB
spir-13527	24	56	them	they	PRON
spir-13527	24	57	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	25	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	25	2	include	include	VERB
spir-13527	25	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	25	4	extended	extended	ADJ
spir-13527	25	5	abstracts	abstract	NOUN
spir-13527	25	6	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	25	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	25	8	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-13527	25	9	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	25	10	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	25	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	25	12	following	follow	VERB
spir-13527	25	13	pages	page	NOUN
spir-13527	25	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	26	2	1	1	NUM
spir-13527	26	3	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ
spir-13527	26	4	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	26	5	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	26	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	26	7	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	26	8	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	26	9	feed	feed	NOUN
spir-13527	26	10	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	11	comparing	compare	VERB
spir-13527	26	12	citizen	citizen	NOUN
spir-13527	26	13	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	26	14	to	to	PART
spir-13527	26	15	verified	verify	VERB
spir-13527	26	16	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	26	17	content	content	NOUN
spir-13527	26	18	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	26	19	all	all	DET
spir-13527	26	20	27	27	NUM
spir-13527	26	21	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13527	26	22	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13527	26	23	anja	anja	PROPN
spir-13527	26	24	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-13527	26	25	datalab	datalab	PROPN
spir-13527	26	26	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	27	center	center	NOUN
spir-13527	26	28	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	26	29	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	26	30	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	26	31	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	26	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	33	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-13527	26	34	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	26	35	marina	marina	PROPN
spir-13527	26	36	charquero	charquero	PROPN
spir-13527	26	37	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	38	ballester	ballester	NOUN
spir-13527	26	39	datalab	datalab	NOUN
spir-13527	26	40	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	41	center	center	NOUN
spir-13527	26	42	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	26	43	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	26	44	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	26	45	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	26	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	47	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-13527	26	48	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	26	49	jessica	jessica	PROPN
spir-13527	26	50	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	26	51	walter	walter	PROPN
spir-13527	26	52	datalab	datalab	PROPN
spir-13527	26	53	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	54	center	center	NOUN
spir-13527	26	55	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	26	56	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	26	57	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	26	58	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	26	59	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	60	aarhus	aarhus	PROPN
spir-13527	26	61	university	university	NOUN
spir-13527	26	62	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	26	63	’	’	PART
spir-13527	26	64	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	26	65	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	26	66	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13527	26	67	via	via	ADP
spir-13527	26	68	the	the	DET
spir-13527	26	69	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	26	70	has	have	AUX
spir-13527	26	71	long	long	ADV
spir-13527	26	72	been	be	AUX
spir-13527	26	73	addressed	address	VERB
spir-13527	26	74	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	26	75	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	26	76	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	26	77	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	78	especially	especially	ADV
spir-13527	26	79	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	26	80	relation	relation	NOUN
spir-13527	26	81	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	26	82	advertising	advertising	NOUN
spir-13527	26	83	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	26	84	during	during	ADP
spir-13527	26	85	elections	election	NOUN
spir-13527	26	86	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	26	87	crises	crisis	NOUN
spir-13527	26	88	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13527	26	89	people	people	NOUN
spir-13527	26	90	seek	seek	VERB
spir-13527	26	91	out	out	ADP
spir-13527	26	92	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	26	93	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	26	94	trustworthy	trustworthy	ADJ
spir-13527	26	95	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	26	96	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	97	blumler	blumler	NOUN
spir-13527	26	98	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	26	99	mcquail	mcquail	PROPN
spir-13527	26	100	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	101	1968	1968	NUM
spir-13527	26	102	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	103	mcquail	mcquail	NOUN
spir-13527	26	104	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	105	1979	1979	NUM
spir-13527	26	106	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	107	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	26	108	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	109	mcquail	mcquail	NOUN
spir-13527	26	110	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	26	111	deuze	deuze	PROPN
spir-13527	26	112	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	113	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	26	114	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	26	115	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	1	current	current	ADJ
spir-13527	27	2	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	27	3	relating	relate	VERB
spir-13527	27	4	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	27	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	27	6	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-13527	27	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	27	8	verified	verify	VERB
spir-13527	27	9	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	27	10	content	content	NOUN
spir-13527	27	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	12	vfc	vfc	PROPN
spir-13527	27	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	14	during	during	ADP
spir-13527	27	15	elections	election	NOUN
spir-13527	27	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	17	the	the	DET
spir-13527	27	18	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-13527	27	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	27	21	the	the	DET
spir-13527	27	22	current	current	ADJ
spir-13527	27	23	war	war	NOUN
spir-13527	27	24	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	27	25	ukraine	ukraine	NOUN
spir-13527	27	26	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	27	27	reignited	reignite	VERB
spir-13527	27	28	interest	interest	NOUN
spir-13527	27	29	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	27	30	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	27	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	32	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	27	33	more	more	ADV
spir-13527	27	34	precisely	precisely	ADV
spir-13527	27	35	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	27	36	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ
spir-13527	27	37	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	27	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	39	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	27	40	a	a	DET
spir-13527	27	41	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-13527	27	42	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	27	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	44	especially	especially	ADV
spir-13527	27	45	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	27	46	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	27	47	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	27	48	nowadays	nowadays	ADV
spir-13527	27	49	exerted	exert	VERB
spir-13527	27	50	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	27	51	a	a	DET
spir-13527	27	52	much	much	ADV
spir-13527	27	53	more	more	ADV
spir-13527	27	54	complex	complex	ADJ
spir-13527	27	55	global	global	ADJ
spir-13527	27	56	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	27	57	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-13527	27	58	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	27	59	personalised	personalised	ADJ
spir-13527	27	60	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	27	61	algorithmically	algorithmically	ADV
spir-13527	27	62	curated	curate	VERB
spir-13527	27	63	feeds	feed	NOUN
spir-13527	27	64	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	27	65	conceal	conceal	VERB
spir-13527	27	66	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	27	67	about	about	ADP
spir-13527	27	68	vfc	vfc	PROPN
spir-13527	27	69	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	27	70	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	27	71	viewing	view	VERB
spir-13527	27	72	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	73	charquero	charquero	ADJ
spir-13527	27	74	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	75	ballester	ballester	NOUN
spir-13527	27	76	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	27	77	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	27	78	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	27	79	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	80	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	27	81	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	82	nissen	nissen	PROPN
spir-13527	27	83	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	27	84	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	27	85	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	27	86	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	87	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	27	88	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	27	89	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	1	this	this	DET
spir-13527	28	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	28	3	argues	argue	VERB
spir-13527	28	4	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	28	5	this	this	DET
spir-13527	28	6	opaque	opaque	ADJ
spir-13527	28	7	nature	nature	NOUN
spir-13527	28	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	28	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	28	10	current	current	ADJ
spir-13527	28	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	28	12	landscape	landscape	NOUN
spir-13527	28	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	14	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	28	15	a	a	DET
spir-13527	28	16	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-13527	28	17	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	28	18	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	28	19	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	28	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	28	22	the	the	DET
spir-13527	28	23	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-13527	28	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	28	25	bottom	bottom	ADJ
spir-13527	28	26	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	27	up	up	ADP
spir-13527	28	28	investigations	investigation	NOUN
spir-13527	28	29	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	28	30	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	28	31	combined	combine	VERB
spir-13527	28	32	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	28	33	the	the	DET
spir-13527	28	34	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-13527	28	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	28	36	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
spir-13527	28	37	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	28	38	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	28	39	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	28	40	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	41	gruzd	gruzd	NOUN
spir-13527	28	42	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	28	43	wellman	wellman	PROPN
spir-13527	28	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	45	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13527	28	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	48	provide	provide	VERB
spir-13527	28	49	little	little	ADJ
spir-13527	28	50	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-13527	28	51	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	28	52	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13527	28	53	ground	ground	NOUN
spir-13527	28	54	to	to	PART
spir-13527	28	55	understand	understand	VERB
spir-13527	28	56	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	28	57	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	28	58	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	28	59	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	28	60	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	28	61	entails	entail	NOUN
spir-13527	28	62	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	28	63	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	28	64	diversity	diversity	NOUN
spir-13527	28	65	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	28	66	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	28	67	what	what	DET
spir-13527	28	68	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	28	69	types	type	NOUN
spir-13527	28	70	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	28	71	influential	influential	ADJ
spir-13527	28	72	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	28	73	potentially	potentially	ADV
spir-13527	28	74	exert	exert	VERB
spir-13527	28	75	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ
spir-13527	28	76	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	28	77	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	28	78	various	various	ADJ
spir-13527	28	79	modes	mode	NOUN
spir-13527	28	80	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	28	81	the	the	DET
spir-13527	28	82	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	28	83	process	process	NOUN
spir-13527	28	84	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	29	2	this	this	DET
spir-13527	29	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	29	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	5	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	29	6	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	29	7	conceptualized	conceptualize	VERB
spir-13527	29	8	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	29	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	29	10	power	power	NOUN
spir-13527	29	11	to	to	PART
spir-13527	29	12	affect	affect	VERB
spir-13527	29	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	14	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	29	15	effect	effect	NOUN
spir-13527	29	16	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	29	17	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	29	18	result	result	NOUN
spir-13527	29	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	20	katz	katz	PROPN
spir-13527	29	21	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	29	22	lazarsfeld	lazarsfeld	PROPN
spir-13527	29	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	24	1955	1955	NUM
spir-13527	29	25	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	26	mcquail	mcquail	NOUN
spir-13527	29	27	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	29	28	deuze	deuze	PROPN
spir-13527	29	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	30	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	29	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	32	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	33	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	29	34	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	29	35	followed	follow	VERB
spir-13527	29	36	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	29	37	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13527	29	38	reflections	reflection	NOUN
spir-13527	29	39	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	29	40	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	29	41	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	42	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ
spir-13527	29	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	29	44	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	29	45	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	29	46	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	29	47	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	29	48	has	have	AUX
spir-13527	29	49	been	be	AUX
spir-13527	29	50	addressed	address	VERB
spir-13527	29	51	previously	previously	ADV
spir-13527	29	52	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	30	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	30	3	proposes	propose	VERB
spir-13527	30	4	a	a	DET
spir-13527	30	5	population	population	NOUN
spir-13527	30	6	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	7	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-13527	30	8	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	30	9	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	30	10	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	11	a	a	X
spir-13527	30	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	13	centralises	centralise	VERB
spir-13527	30	14	a	a	DET
spir-13527	30	15	bottom	bottom	ADJ
spir-13527	30	16	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	17	up	up	ADP
spir-13527	30	18	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	30	19	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	30	20	influential	influential	ADJ
spir-13527	30	21	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	30	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	23	focusing	focus	VERB
spir-13527	30	24	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	30	25	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-13527	30	26	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	30	27	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	30	28	populations	population	NOUN
spir-13527	30	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	30	30	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13527	30	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	32	rather	rather	ADV
spir-13527	30	33	than	than	ADP
spir-13527	30	34	adapting	adapt	VERB
spir-13527	30	35	a	a	DET
spir-13527	30	36	predefined	predefine	VERB
spir-13527	30	37	influential	influential	ADJ
spir-13527	30	38	actor	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	30	39	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	30	40	focusing	focus	VERB
spir-13527	30	41	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	30	42	either	either	DET
spir-13527	30	43	tastemakers	tastemaker	NOUN
spir-13527	30	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	45	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	46	micro)celebrities	micro)celebritie	NOUN
spir-13527	30	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	48	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	30	49	opinion	opinion	NOUN
spir-13527	30	50	leaders	leader	NOUN
spir-13527	30	51	per	per	ADP
spir-13527	30	52	se	se	ADV
spir-13527	30	53	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	54	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	30	55	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	30	56	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	30	57	change	change	VERB
spir-13527	30	58	status	status	NOUN
spir-13527	30	59	depending	depend	VERB
spir-13527	30	60	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	30	61	the	the	DET
spir-13527	30	62	context	context	NOUN
spir-13527	30	63	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	64	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	30	65	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	30	66	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	67	subject	subject	ADJ
spir-13527	30	68	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	69	audience	audience	NOUN
spir-13527	30	70	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	71	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	30	72	region	region	NOUN
spir-13527	30	73	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	74	abidin	abidin	PROPN
spir-13527	30	75	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	76	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	30	77	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	78	giglietto	giglietto	NOUN
spir-13527	30	79	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	30	80	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	30	81	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	30	82	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	83	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	30	84	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	85	jerslev	jerslev	PROPN
spir-13527	30	86	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	30	87	mortensen	mortensen	PROPN
spir-13527	30	88	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	89	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	30	90	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	91	katz	katz	PROPN
spir-13527	30	92	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	30	93	lazarsfeld	lazarsfeld	PROPN
spir-13527	30	94	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	95	1955	1955	NUM
spir-13527	30	96	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	97	marwick	marwick	NOUN
spir-13527	30	98	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	99	2013	2013	NUM
spir-13527	30	100	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	101	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	102	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	30	103	b	b	X
spir-13527	30	104	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	105	highlights	highlight	NOUN
spir-13527	30	106	the	the	DET
spir-13527	30	107	citizen	citizen	PROPN
spir-13527	30	108	exposure	exposure	PROPN
spir-13527	30	109	mode	mode	NOUN
spir-13527	30	110	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	30	111	the	the	DET
spir-13527	30	112	process	process	NOUN
spir-13527	30	113	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	30	114	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	30	115	seldom	seldom	ADV
spir-13527	30	116	studied	study	VERB
spir-13527	30	117	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	118	due	due	ADJ
spir-13527	30	119	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	30	120	limited	limited	ADJ
spir-13527	30	121	access	access	NOUN
spir-13527	30	122	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	30	123	personal	personal	ADJ
spir-13527	30	124	feeds	feed	NOUN
spir-13527	30	125	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	30	126	national	national	ADJ
spir-13527	30	127	population	population	NOUN
spir-13527	30	128	scales	scale	VERB
spir-13527	30	129	outside	outside	ADP
spir-13527	30	130	the	the	DET
spir-13527	30	131	us	us	PROPN
spir-13527	30	132	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	133	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	30	134	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	135	allcott	allcott	VERB
spir-13527	30	136	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	30	137	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	30	138	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	30	139	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	30	140	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	141	bailey	bailey	PROPN
spir-13527	30	142	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	30	143	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	30	144	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	30	145	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	30	146	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	147	canary	canary	NOUN
spir-13527	30	148	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	30	149	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	30	150	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	30	151	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	30	152	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	153	guess	guess	VERB
spir-13527	30	154	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	30	155	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	30	156	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	30	157	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	30	158	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	159	yang	yang	PROPN
spir-13527	30	160	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	161	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13527	30	162	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	30	163	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	30	164	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	30	165	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	30	166	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	167	yang	yang	PROPN
spir-13527	30	168	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	30	169	k.-c	k.-c	PROPN
spir-13527	30	170	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	31	1	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	31	2	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	31	3	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	31	4	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	31	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	31	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	32	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	32	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	32	3	asks	ask	VERB
spir-13527	32	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	32	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	32	6	do	do	AUX
spir-13527	32	7	national	national	ADJ
spir-13527	32	8	populations	population	NOUN
spir-13527	32	9	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	32	10	the	the	DET
spir-13527	32	11	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13527	32	12	differ	differ	VERB
spir-13527	32	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	32	14	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	32	15	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	32	16	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	32	17	vfc	vfc	NOUN
spir-13527	32	18	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	32	19	terms	term	NOUN
spir-13527	32	20	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	32	21	the	the	DET
spir-13527	32	22	topic	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	32	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	32	24	vfc	vfc	PROPN
spir-13527	32	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	32	26	the	the	DET
spir-13527	32	27	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	32	28	creating	create	VERB
spir-13527	32	29	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	32	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	32	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	32	32	the	the	DET
spir-13527	32	33	demographic	demographic	ADJ
spir-13527	32	34	profile	profile	NOUN
spir-13527	32	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	32	36	the	the	DET
spir-13527	32	37	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13527	32	38	exposed	expose	VERB
spir-13527	32	39	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	32	40	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	32	41	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	33	1	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	33	2	do	do	AUX
spir-13527	33	3	these	these	DET
spir-13527	33	4	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	33	5	create	create	VERB
spir-13527	33	6	integrated	integrated	ADJ
spir-13527	33	7	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13527	33	8	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	33	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	33	10	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-13527	33	11	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13527	33	12	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13527	33	13	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	34	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	34	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	34	3	hypothesises	hypothesise	VERB
spir-13527	34	4	great	great	ADJ
spir-13527	34	5	variation	variation	NOUN
spir-13527	34	6	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	34	7	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13527	34	8	due	due	ADP
spir-13527	34	9	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	34	10	national	national	ADJ
spir-13527	34	11	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-13527	34	12	history	history	NOUN
spir-13527	34	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	34	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	34	15	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	34	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	34	17	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	34	18	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13527	34	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	34	20	hallin	hallin	PROPN
spir-13527	34	21	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	34	22	mancini	mancini	PROPN
spir-13527	34	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	34	24	2004	2004	NUM
spir-13527	34	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	34	26	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	34	27	potentially	potentially	ADV
spir-13527	34	28	will	will	AUX
spir-13527	34	29	favour	favour	VERB
spir-13527	34	30	some	some	DET
spir-13527	34	31	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	34	32	over	over	ADP
spir-13527	34	33	others	other	NOUN
spir-13527	34	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	34	35	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	34	36	will	will	AUX
spir-13527	34	37	affect	affect	VERB
spir-13527	34	38	the	the	DET
spir-13527	34	39	way	way	NOUN
spir-13527	34	40	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	34	41	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	34	42	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	34	43	used	use	VERB
spir-13527	34	44	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	34	45	a	a	DET
spir-13527	34	46	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	34	47	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	34	48	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	34	49	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13527	34	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	35	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
spir-13527	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	35	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	35	4	expect	expect	VERB
spir-13527	35	5	to	to	PART
spir-13527	35	6	find	find	VERB
spir-13527	35	7	differences	difference	NOUN
spir-13527	35	8	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	35	9	demographics	demographic	NOUN
spir-13527	35	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	35	11	age	age	NOUN
spir-13527	35	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	35	13	gender	gender	NOUN
spir-13527	35	14	due	due	ADP
spir-13527	35	15	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	35	16	stereotypic	stereotypic	ADJ
spir-13527	35	17	differences	difference	NOUN
spir-13527	35	18	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	35	19	age	age	NOUN
spir-13527	35	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	35	21	gender	gender	NOUN
spir-13527	35	22	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	35	23	related	relate	VERB
spir-13527	35	24	lifestyles	lifestyle	NOUN
spir-13527	35	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	35	26	interests	interest	NOUN
spir-13527	35	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	35	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	35	29	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	35	30	expect	expect	VERB
spir-13527	35	31	to	to	PART
spir-13527	35	32	find	find	VERB
spir-13527	35	33	rather	rather	ADV
spir-13527	35	34	integrated	integrated	ADJ
spir-13527	35	35	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13527	35	36	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	35	37	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13527	35	38	due	due	ADP
spir-13527	35	39	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	35	40	the	the	DET
spir-13527	35	41	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-13527	35	42	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	35	43	well	well	ADV
spir-13527	35	44	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	35	45	known	know	VERB
spir-13527	35	46	influential	influential	ADJ
spir-13527	35	47	vfc	vfc	NOUN
spir-13527	35	48	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	35	49	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	36	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	36	2	outcome	outcome	NOUN
spir-13527	36	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	36	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	36	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	36	6	will	will	AUX
spir-13527	36	7	thus	thus	ADV
spir-13527	36	8	among	among	ADP
spir-13527	36	9	others	other	NOUN
spir-13527	36	10	be	be	VERB
spir-13527	36	11	to	to	PART
spir-13527	36	12	divide	divide	VERB
spir-13527	36	13	european	european	ADJ
spir-13527	36	14	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13527	36	15	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	36	16	a	a	DET
spir-13527	36	17	vfc	vfc	NOUN
spir-13527	36	18	country	country	NOUN
spir-13527	36	19	typology	typology	NOUN
spir-13527	36	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	36	21	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	36	22	inspiration	inspiration	NOUN
spir-13527	36	23	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	36	24	hallin	hallin	PROPN
spir-13527	36	25	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	36	26	mancini	mancini	PROPN
spir-13527	36	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	1	methodologically	methodologically	ADV
spir-13527	37	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	37	4	will	will	AUX
spir-13527	37	5	utilise	utilise	VERB
spir-13527	37	6	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	37	7	access	access	NOUN
spir-13527	37	8	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	37	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	37	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	37	11	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	37	12	one	one	NUM
spir-13527	37	13	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	37	14	url	url	NOUN
spir-13527	37	15	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-13527	37	16	to	to	PART
spir-13527	37	17	answer	answer	VERB
spir-13527	37	18	the	the	DET
spir-13527	37	19	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	37	20	question	question	NOUN
spir-13527	37	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	37	23	combine	combine	VERB
spir-13527	37	24	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	37	25	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	37	26	lists	list	NOUN
spir-13527	37	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	37	28	verified	verify	VERB
spir-13527	37	29	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	37	30	stories	story	NOUN
spir-13527	37	31	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	37	32	the	the	DET
spir-13527	37	33	international	international	ADJ
spir-13527	37	34	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13527	37	35	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	36	checking	check	VERB
spir-13527	37	37	network	network	NOUN
spir-13527	37	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	39	ifcn	ifcn	PROPN
spir-13527	37	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	41	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13527	37	42	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	43	checkers	checker	NOUN
spir-13527	37	44	to	to	PART
spir-13527	37	45	enable	enable	VERB
spir-13527	37	46	filtering	filtering	NOUN
spir-13527	37	47	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	37	48	the	the	DET
spir-13527	37	49	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-13527	37	50	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	37	51	vfc	vfc	PROPN
spir-13527	37	52	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	53	nissen	nissen	PROPN
spir-13527	37	54	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	37	55	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	37	56	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	37	57	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	58	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	37	59	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	37	60	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	38	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
spir-13527	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	38	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	38	4	will	will	AUX
spir-13527	38	5	register	register	VERB
spir-13527	38	6	overlap	overlap	NOUN
spir-13527	38	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	38	8	source	source	NOUN
spir-13527	38	9	url	url	NOUN
spir-13527	38	10	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-13527	38	11	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	38	12	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13527	38	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	39	1	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	39	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	39	3	chosen	choose	VERB
spir-13527	39	4	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	39	5	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	39	6	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	39	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	39	8	most	most	ADV
spir-13527	39	9	used	used	ADJ
spir-13527	39	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	39	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	39	12	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	39	13	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	39	14	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-13527	39	15	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	39	16	terms	term	NOUN
spir-13527	39	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	39	18	monthly	monthly	ADJ
spir-13527	39	19	active	active	ADJ
spir-13527	39	20	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	39	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	39	22	statista	statista	NOUN
spir-13527	39	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	39	24	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	39	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	39	26	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13527	39	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	39	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	40	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	40	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	40	3	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	40	4	unique	unique	ADJ
spir-13527	40	5	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	40	6	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	40	7	contribution	contribution	NOUN
spir-13527	40	8	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	40	9	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	40	10	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-13527	40	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	40	12	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	40	13	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	40	14	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	40	15	national	national	ADJ
spir-13527	40	16	levels	level	NOUN
spir-13527	40	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	40	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	40	19	outside	outside	ADP
spir-13527	40	20	us	we	PRON
spir-13527	40	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	40	22	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	40	23	the	the	DET
spir-13527	40	24	27	27	NUM
spir-13527	40	25	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-13527	40	26	countries	country	NOUN
spir-13527	40	27	whose	whose	DET
spir-13527	40	28	susceptibility	susceptibility	NOUN
spir-13527	40	29	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	40	30	vfc	vfc	PROPN
spir-13527	40	31	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	40	32	understudied	understudy	VERB
spir-13527	40	33	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	40	34	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-13527	40	35	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	40	36	bak	bak	X
spir-13527	40	37	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	40	38	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	40	39	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	40	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	40	41	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	40	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	40	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	41	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	41	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	41	3	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	41	4	provides	provide	VERB
spir-13527	41	5	an	an	DET
spir-13527	41	6	important	important	ADJ
spir-13527	41	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	41	8	novel	novel	ADJ
spir-13527	41	9	contribution	contribution	NOUN
spir-13527	41	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	41	11	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	41	12	attempt	attempt	NOUN
spir-13527	41	13	to	to	PART
spir-13527	41	14	produce	produce	VERB
spir-13527	41	15	a	a	DET
spir-13527	41	16	population	population	NOUN
spir-13527	41	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	41	18	level	level	NOUN
spir-13527	41	19	country	country	NOUN
spir-13527	41	20	typology	typology	NOUN
spir-13527	41	21	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	41	22	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-13527	41	23	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	41	24	relation	relation	NOUN
spir-13527	41	25	to	to	PART
spir-13527	41	26	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	41	27	vfc	vfc	PROPN
spir-13527	41	28	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	41	29	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	41	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	42	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	42	2	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-13527	42	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	42	4	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-13527	42	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	42	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	42	7	scope	scope	NOUN
spir-13527	42	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	42	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	42	10	study	study	NOUN
spir-13527	42	11	allows	allow	VERB
spir-13527	42	12	us	we	PRON
spir-13527	42	13	to	to	PART
spir-13527	42	14	understand	understand	VERB
spir-13527	42	15	more	more	ADJ
spir-13527	42	16	general	general	ADJ
spir-13527	42	17	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	42	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	42	19	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
spir-13527	42	20	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	42	21	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	42	22	might	might	AUX
spir-13527	42	23	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	42	24	unaware	unaware	ADJ
spir-13527	42	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	42	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	42	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	42	28	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	42	29	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	42	30	both	both	PRON
spir-13527	42	31	feed	feed	VERB
spir-13527	42	32	into	into	ADP
spir-13527	42	33	the	the	DET
spir-13527	42	34	way	way	NOUN
spir-13527	42	35	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	42	36	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	42	37	understand	understand	VERB
spir-13527	42	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	42	39	measure	measure	VERB
spir-13527	42	40	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	42	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	42	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	42	43	function	function	NOUN
spir-13527	42	44	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	42	45	an	an	DET
spir-13527	42	46	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13527	42	47	grounded	ground	VERB
spir-13527	42	48	contribution	contribution	NOUN
spir-13527	42	49	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	42	50	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-13527	42	51	processes	process	NOUN
spir-13527	42	52	towards	towards	ADP
spir-13527	42	53	regulation	regulation	NOUN
spir-13527	42	54	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	42	55	unwanted	unwanted	ADJ
spir-13527	42	56	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	42	57	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	42	58	transparency	transparency	NOUN
spir-13527	42	59	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	43	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13527	43	2	abidin	abidin	PROPN
spir-13527	43	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	43	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13527	43	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	43	6	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	43	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	43	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	44	1	visibility	visibility	NOUN
spir-13527	44	2	labour	labour	NOUN
spir-13527	44	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	44	4	engaging	engage	VERB
spir-13527	44	5	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	44	6	influencers	influencer	NOUN
spir-13527	44	7	’	’	PART
spir-13527	44	8	fashion	fashion	NOUN
spir-13527	44	9	brands	brand	NOUN
spir-13527	44	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	44	11	#	#	ADP
spir-13527	44	12	ootd	ootd	ADJ
spir-13527	44	13	advertorial	advertorial	ADJ
spir-13527	44	14	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	44	15	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	44	16	instagram	instagram	PROPN
spir-13527	44	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	45	1	media	media	PROPN
spir-13527	45	2	international	international	PROPN
spir-13527	45	3	australia	australia	PROPN
spir-13527	45	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	45	5	161(1	161(1	NUM
spir-13527	45	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	45	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	45	8	86–100	86–100	PROPN
spir-13527	45	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	46	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16665177	https://doi.org/10.1177/1329878x16665177	PROPN
spir-13527	46	2	bak	bak	PROPN
spir-13527	46	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	46	4	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-13527	46	5	de	de	PROPN
spir-13527	47	1	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-13527	47	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	47	3	walter	walter	PROPN
spir-13527	47	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	47	5	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	47	6	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	47	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	47	8	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	47	9	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-13527	47	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	47	11	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	47	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	47	13	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	47	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	47	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	48	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	48	2	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	48	3	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	48	4	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	48	5	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-13527	48	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	48	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	48	8	european	european	PROPN
spir-13527	48	9	union	union	PROPN
spir-13527	48	10	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	48	11	current	current	ADJ
spir-13527	48	12	state	state	NOUN
spir-13527	48	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	48	14	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	48	15	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	48	16	various	various	ADJ
spir-13527	48	17	disciplines	discipline	NOUN
spir-13527	48	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	48	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	48	20	future	future	ADJ
spir-13527	48	21	directions	direction	NOUN
spir-13527	48	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	49	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-13527	49	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	49	3	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	49	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-13527	49	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	49	6	14614448221122146	14614448221122146	NUM
spir-13527	49	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	50	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221122146	https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448221122146	PRON
spir-13527	50	2	bailey	bailey	PROPN
spir-13527	50	3	a	a	PRON
spir-13527	50	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	50	5	gregersen	gregersen	PROPN
spir-13527	50	6	t	t	PROPN
spir-13527	50	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	50	8	roesner	roesner	PROPN
spir-13527	50	9	f	f	PROPN
spir-13527	50	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	50	11	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	50	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	50	13	interactions	interaction	NOUN
spir-13527	50	14	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	50	15	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-13527	50	16	mis	mis	NOUN
spir-13527	50	17	/	/	SYM
spir-13527	50	18	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13527	50	19	urls	url	NOUN
spir-13527	50	20	among	among	ADP
spir-13527	50	21	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-13527	50	22	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	50	23	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	50	24	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	50	25	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	50	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	50	27	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	50	28	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	50	29	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	50	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	51	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	51	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	51	3	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
spir-13527	51	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	51	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	51	6	acm	acm	PROPN
spir-13527	51	7	sigcomm	sigcomm	NOUN
spir-13527	51	8	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	51	9	workshop	workshop	NOUN
spir-13527	51	10	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	51	11	free	free	ADJ
spir-13527	51	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	51	13	open	open	ADJ
spir-13527	51	14	communications	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	51	15	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	51	16	the	the	DET
spir-13527	51	17	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-13527	51	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	51	19	virtual	virtual	ADJ
spir-13527	51	20	event	event	NOUN
spir-13527	51	21	usa	usa	PROPN
spir-13527	51	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	51	23	27	27	NUM
spir-13527	51	24	august	august	PROPN
spir-13527	51	25	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	51	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	51	27	pp	pp	ADV
spir-13527	51	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	52	1	16–26	16–26	NUM
spir-13527	52	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	53	1	acm	acm	PROPN
spir-13527	53	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	54	1	doi	doi	PROPN
spir-13527	54	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	54	3	10.1145/3473604.3474561	10.1145/3473604.3474561	NUM
spir-13527	54	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	55	1	blumler	blumler	PROPN
spir-13527	55	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	55	3	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	55	4	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	55	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	55	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	55	7	mcquail	mcquail	PROPN
spir-13527	55	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	55	9	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13527	55	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	55	11	1968	1968	NUM
spir-13527	55	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	55	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	56	1	television	television	NOUN
spir-13527	56	2	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	56	3	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13527	56	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	56	5	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	56	6	uses	use	NOUN
spir-13527	56	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	56	8	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	56	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	56	10	vol	vol	NOUN
spir-13527	56	11	.	.	NOUN
spir-13527	56	12	3	3	NUM
spir-13527	56	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	56	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	57	1	faber	faber	PROPN
spir-13527	57	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	57	3	faber	faber	PROPN
spir-13527	57	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	58	1	https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-ofpolitical-science-revue-canadienne-de-science-politique/article/abs/jay-g-blumlerand-denis-mcquail-television-in-politics-its-uses-and-influence-london-faber-andfaber-1968-pp-xi-379/f9cbc2e72e0d1f57b186babf42730502	https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/canadian-journal-ofpolitical-science-revue-canadienne-de-science-politique/article/abs/jay-g-blumlerand-denis-mcquail-television-in-politics-its-uses-and-influence-london-faber-andfaber-1968-pp-xi-379/f9cbc2e72e0d1f57b186babf42730502	PROPN
spir-13527	58	2	canary	canary	PROPN
spir-13527	58	3	he	he	PRON
spir-13527	58	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	58	5	wellman	wellman	NOUN
spir-13527	58	6	n	n	PRON
spir-13527	58	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	58	8	martinez	martinez	PROPN
spir-13527	58	9	ls	ls	PROPN
spir-13527	58	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	58	11	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	58	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	58	13	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-13527	58	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	58	15	genetics	genetic	NOUN
spir-13527	58	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	58	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	58	18	risk	risk	NOUN
spir-13527	58	19	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	58	20	content	content	VERB
spir-13527	58	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	58	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	58	23	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-13527	58	24	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	58	25	early	early	ADV
spir-13527	58	26	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	58	27	the	the	DET
spir-13527	58	28	coronavirus	coronavirus	NOUN
spir-13527	58	29	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-13527	58	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	59	1	health	health	NOUN
spir-13527	59	2	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	59	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	59	4	1–12	1–12	NOUN
spir-13527	59	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	60	1	doi	doi	NOUN
spir-13527	60	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	60	3	10.1080/10410236.2022.2027639	10.1080/10410236.2022.2027639	NUM
spir-13527	60	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	1	charquero	charquero	ADJ
spir-13527	61	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	3	ballester	ballester	NOUN
spir-13527	61	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	5	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	61	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	7	walter	walter	PROPN
spir-13527	61	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	9	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	61	10	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	61	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	12	nissen	nissen	PROPN
spir-13527	61	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	14	i.	i.	PROPN
spir-13527	61	15	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13527	61	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	17	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	61	18	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-13527	61	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	20	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	61	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	22	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	61	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	61	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	62	1	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	62	2	types	type	NOUN
spir-13527	62	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	62	4	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-13527	62	5	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-13527	62	6	have	have	VERB
spir-13527	62	7	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	62	8	emotional	emotional	ADJ
spir-13527	62	9	valence	valence	NOUN
spir-13527	62	10	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	62	11	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-13527	62	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	63	1	big	big	ADJ
spir-13527	63	2	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	63	3	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	63	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-13527	63	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	63	6	8(2	8(2	NUM
spir-13527	63	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	63	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	63	9	20539517211041280	20539517211041280	NUM
spir-13527	63	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517211041279	https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517211041279	PROPN
spir-13527	64	2	giglietto	giglietto	NOUN
spir-13527	64	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	4	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13527	64	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	6	iannelli	iannelli	PROPN
spir-13527	64	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	8	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13527	64	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	10	valeriani	valeriani	PROPN
spir-13527	64	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	12	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13527	64	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	14	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	64	15	rossi	rossi	PROPN
spir-13527	64	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	17	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13527	64	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	19	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	64	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	64	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	65	1	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	65	2	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-13527	65	3	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	65	4	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	65	5	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	65	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	65	7	invention	invention	NOUN
spir-13527	65	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	65	9	a	a	DET
spir-13527	65	10	liar	liar	NOUN
spir-13527	65	11	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	65	12	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	65	13	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	65	14	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	65	15	circulates	circulate	VERB
spir-13527	65	16	within	within	ADP
spir-13527	65	17	the	the	DET
spir-13527	65	18	hybrid	hybrid	ADJ
spir-13527	65	19	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	65	20	system	system	NOUN
spir-13527	65	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	66	1	current	current	ADJ
spir-13527	66	2	sociology	sociology	NOUN
spir-13527	66	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	66	4	67(4	67(4	NUM
spir-13527	66	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	66	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	66	7	625–642	625–642	NUM
spir-13527	66	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	67	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392119837536	https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392119837536	VERB
spir-13527	67	2	gruzd	gruzd	NOUN
spir-13527	67	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	67	4	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	67	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	67	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	67	7	wellman	wellman	PROPN
spir-13527	67	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	67	9	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	67	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	67	11	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13527	67	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	67	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	68	1	networked	networked	ADJ
spir-13527	68	2	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	68	3	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	68	4	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	68	5	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	68	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	68	7	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-13527	68	8	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	68	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	68	10	special	special	ADJ
spir-13527	68	11	issue	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	68	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	69	1	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	69	2	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
spir-13527	69	3	scientist	scientist	NOUN
spir-13527	69	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	69	5	58(10	58(10	NUM
spir-13527	69	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	69	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	69	8	1251–1259	1251–1259	NUM
spir-13527	69	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	70	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214527087	https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764214527087	ADV
spir-13527	70	2	guess	guess	VERB
spir-13527	70	3	a	a	DET
spir-13527	70	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	70	5	nagler	nagl	ADJ
spir-13527	70	6	j	j	PROPN
spir-13527	70	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	70	8	tucker	tucker	PROPN
spir-13527	70	9	j	j	PROPN
spir-13527	70	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	70	11	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	70	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	70	13	less	less	ADJ
spir-13527	70	14	than	than	SCONJ
spir-13527	70	15	you	you	PRON
spir-13527	70	16	think	think	VERB
spir-13527	70	17	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	70	18	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-13527	70	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	70	20	predictors	predictor	NOUN
spir-13527	70	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	70	22	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-13527	70	23	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	70	24	dissemination	dissemination	NOUN
spir-13527	70	25	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	70	26	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	70	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	71	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	71	2	advances	advance	VERB
spir-13527	71	3	5(1	5(1	NUM
spir-13527	71	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	71	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	72	1	american	american	PROPN
spir-13527	72	2	association	association	PROPN
spir-13527	72	3	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	72	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	72	5	advancement	advancement	NOUN
spir-13527	72	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	72	7	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	72	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	72	9	eaau4586	eaau4586	PROPN
spir-13527	72	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	72	11	doi	doi	NOUN
spir-13527	72	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	72	13	10.1126	10.1126	NUM
spir-13527	72	14	/	/	SYM
spir-13527	72	15	sciadv.aau4586	sciadv.aau4586	PROPN
spir-13527	72	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	73	1	hallin	hallin	PROPN
spir-13527	73	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	73	3	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13527	73	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13527	73	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	73	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	73	7	mancini	mancini	PROPN
spir-13527	73	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	73	9	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13527	73	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	73	11	2004	2004	NUM
spir-13527	73	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	73	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	74	1	comparing	compare	VERB
spir-13527	74	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	74	3	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13527	74	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	74	5	three	three	NUM
spir-13527	74	6	models	model	NOUN
spir-13527	74	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	74	8	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	74	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	74	10	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13527	74	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	75	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
spir-13527	75	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	75	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13527	75	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	76	1	humprecht	humprecht	NOUN
spir-13527	76	2	e	e	NOUN
spir-13527	76	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	76	4	esser	esser	NOUN
spir-13527	76	5	f	f	PROPN
spir-13527	76	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	76	7	van	van	PROPN
spir-13527	76	8	aelst	aelst	NOUN
spir-13527	76	9	p	p	X
spir-13527	76	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	76	11	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13527	76	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	76	13	resilience	resilience	NOUN
spir-13527	76	14	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	76	15	online	online	ADJ
spir-13527	76	16	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13527	76	17	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	76	18	a	a	DET
spir-13527	76	19	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-13527	76	20	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	76	21	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-13527	76	22	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	76	23	national	national	ADJ
spir-13527	76	24	comparative	comparative	ADJ
spir-13527	76	25	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	76	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	77	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	77	2	international	international	ADJ
spir-13527	77	3	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-13527	77	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	77	5	press	press	NOUN
spir-13527	77	6	/	/	SYM
spir-13527	77	7	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13527	77	8	25(3	25(3	NUM
spir-13527	77	9	):	):	PUNCT
spir-13527	77	10	493–516	493–516	NUM
spir-13527	77	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	78	1	doi	doi	NOUN
spir-13527	78	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	78	3	10.1177/1940161219900126	10.1177/1940161219900126	NUM
spir-13527	78	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	79	1	jerslev	jerslev	PROPN
spir-13527	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	79	3	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13527	79	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	79	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	79	6	mortensen	mortensen	PROPN
spir-13527	79	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	79	8	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	79	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	79	10	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	79	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	79	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	80	1	celebrity	celebrity	NOUN
spir-13527	80	2	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	80	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	80	4	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	80	5	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	80	6	age	age	NOUN
spir-13527	80	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	80	8	renegotiating	renegotiate	VERB
spir-13527	80	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	80	10	public	public	NOUN
spir-13527	80	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	80	12	the	the	DET
spir-13527	80	13	private	private	ADJ
spir-13527	80	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	81	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	81	2	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-13527	81	3	handbook	handbook	PROPN
spir-13527	81	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	81	5	celebrity	celebrity	NOUN
spir-13527	81	6	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	81	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	82	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-13527	82	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	83	1	katz	katz	PROPN
spir-13527	83	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	83	3	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13527	83	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	83	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	83	6	lazarsfeld	lazarsfeld	PROPN
spir-13527	83	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	83	8	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-13527	83	9	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13527	83	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	83	11	1955	1955	NUM
spir-13527	83	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	83	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	84	1	personal	personal	ADJ
spir-13527	84	2	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	84	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	84	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	84	5	part	part	NOUN
spir-13527	84	6	played	play	VERB
spir-13527	84	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	84	8	people	people	NOUN
spir-13527	84	9	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	84	10	the	the	DET
spir-13527	84	11	flow	flow	NOUN
spir-13527	84	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	84	13	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-13527	84	14	communications	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	84	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	84	16	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-13527	84	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	85	1	xx	xx	NUM
spir-13527	85	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	85	3	400	400	NUM
spir-13527	85	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	85	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	86	1	free	free	ADJ
spir-13527	86	2	press	press	PROPN
spir-13527	86	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	87	1	marwick	marwick	PROPN
spir-13527	87	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	87	3	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13527	87	4	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13527	87	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	87	6	2013	2013	NUM
spir-13527	87	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	87	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	88	1	status	status	NOUN
spir-13527	88	2	update	update	NOUN
spir-13527	88	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	88	4	celebrity	celebrity	NOUN
spir-13527	88	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	88	6	publicity	publicity	NOUN
spir-13527	88	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	88	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	88	9	branding	branding	NOUN
spir-13527	88	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	88	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	88	12	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	88	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	88	14	age	age	NOUN
spir-13527	88	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	89	1	yale	yale	PROPN
spir-13527	89	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	89	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13527	89	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	90	1	mcquail	mcquail	PROPN
spir-13527	90	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	90	3	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13527	90	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	90	5	1979	1979	NUM
spir-13527	90	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	90	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	91	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	91	2	influence	influence	NOUN
spir-13527	91	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	91	4	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-13527	91	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	91	6	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-13527	91	7	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	91	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	92	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	92	2	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-13527	92	3	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	92	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	92	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-13527	92	6	ed	ed	NOUN
spir-13527	92	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	93	1	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	93	2	curran	curran	PROPN
spir-13527	93	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	93	4	m	m	PROPN
spir-13527	93	5	gurevitch	gurevitch	PROPN
spir-13527	93	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	93	7	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	93	8	woolacott	woolacott	PROPN
spir-13527	93	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	93	10	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-13527	93	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	94	1	7–23	7–23	ADV
spir-13527	94	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	94	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	95	1	sage	sage	NOUN
spir-13527	95	2	publications	publication	NOUN
spir-13527	95	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	96	1	mcquail	mcquail	PROPN
spir-13527	96	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	96	3	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13527	96	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	96	5	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	96	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	96	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	97	1	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	97	2	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-13527	97	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	97	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-13527	97	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	98	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-13527	98	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	99	1	https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203854693	https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203854693	PROPN
spir-13527	99	2	mcquail	mcquail	PROPN
spir-13527	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	99	4	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13527	99	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	99	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	99	7	deuze	deuze	PROPN
spir-13527	99	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	99	9	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	99	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	99	11	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	99	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	99	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	100	1	mcquail	mcquail	NOUN
spir-13527	100	2	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	100	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	100	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	100	5	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-13527	100	6	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	100	7	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-13527	100	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	101	1	sage	sage	NOUN
spir-13527	101	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	1	https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/mcquail%e2%80%99s-media-and-masscommunication-theory/book243524	https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/mcquail%e2%80%99s-media-and-masscommunication-theory/book243524	PROPN
spir-13527	102	2	nissen	nissen	PROPN
spir-13527	102	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	4	i.	i.	PROPN
spir-13527	102	5	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-13527	102	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	7	walter	walter	PROPN
spir-13527	102	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	9	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	102	10	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	102	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	12	charquero	charquero	ADJ
spir-13527	102	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	14	ballester	ballester	NOUN
spir-13527	102	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	16	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	102	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	18	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	102	19	bechmann	bechmann	PROPN
spir-13527	102	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	21	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	102	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	23	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	102	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	102	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	103	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	103	2	infrastructures	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-13527	103	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	103	4	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-13527	103	5	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-13527	103	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	103	7	a	a	DET
spir-13527	103	8	new	new	ADJ
spir-13527	103	9	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-13527	103	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	103	11	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-13527	103	12	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	103	13	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	103	14	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-13527	103	15	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	103	16	checking	checking	NOUN
spir-13527	103	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	104	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	104	2	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13527	104	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	104	4	0(0	0(0	NUM
spir-13527	104	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	104	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	104	7	1–23	1–23	PROPN
spir-13527	104	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	105	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2026795	https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2022.2026795	PROPN
spir-13527	105	2	reimers	reimer	VERB
spir-13527	105	3	n	n	NOUN
spir-13527	105	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	105	5	gurevych	gurevych	PROPN
spir-13527	105	6	i	i	PRON
spir-13527	105	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	105	8	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	105	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	105	10	sentence	sentence	NOUN
spir-13527	105	11	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	105	12	bert	bert	NOUN
spir-13527	105	13	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	105	14	sentence	sentence	NOUN
spir-13527	105	15	embeddings	embedding	NOUN
spir-13527	105	16	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	105	17	siamese	siamese	ADJ
spir-13527	105	18	bert	bert	NOUN
spir-13527	105	19	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	105	20	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13527	105	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	106	1	arxiv:1908.10084	arxiv:1908.10084	NOUN
spir-13527	107	1	[	[	X
spir-13527	107	2	cs	cs	X
spir-13527	107	3	]	]	X
spir-13527	107	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	108	1	available	available	ADJ
spir-13527	108	2	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	108	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	108	4	http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084	http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084	NOUN
spir-13527	108	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	108	6	accessed	access	VERB
spir-13527	108	7	29	29	NUM
spir-13527	108	8	january	january	NOUN
spir-13527	108	9	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	108	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	108	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	109	1	statista	statista	NOUN
spir-13527	109	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	110	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	110	2	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	110	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	110	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	111	1	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	111	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	112	1	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-13527	112	2	daily	daily	ADV
spir-13527	112	3	active	active	ADJ
spir-13527	112	4	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	112	5	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	112	6	quarter	quarter	NOUN
spir-13527	112	7	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	112	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	112	9	statista	statista	NOUN
spir-13527	112	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	113	1	https://www.statista.com/statistics/745383/facebook-europe-dau-by-quarter/	https://www.statista.com/statistics/745383/facebook-europe-dau-by-quarter/	ADJ
spir-13527	113	2	statista	statista	PROPN
spir-13527	113	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	114	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	114	2	2023	2023	NUM
spir-13527	114	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	114	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	115	1	biggest	big	ADJ
spir-13527	115	2	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	115	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	115	4	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	115	5	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	115	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	116	1	statista	statista	NOUN
spir-13527	116	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	117	1	https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-numberof-users/	https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-numberof-users/	PROPN
spir-13527	117	2	syvertsen	syvertsen	PROPN
spir-13527	117	3	t	t	PROPN
spir-13527	117	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	117	5	enli	enli	NOUN
spir-13527	117	6	g	g	PROPN
spir-13527	117	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	117	8	mjøs	mjøs	PROPN
spir-13527	117	9	oj	oj	PROPN
spir-13527	117	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	117	11	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	117	12	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	117	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	117	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	117	15	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13527	117	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	117	17	the	the	DET
spir-13527	117	18	media	media	NOUN
spir-13527	117	19	welfare	welfare	NOUN
spir-13527	117	20	state	state	NOUN
spir-13527	117	21	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	117	22	nordic	nordic	ADJ
spir-13527	117	23	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	117	24	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	117	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	117	26	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	117	27	era	era	NOUN
spir-13527	117	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	118	1	university	university	NOUN
spir-13527	118	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	118	3	michigan	michigan	PROPN
spir-13527	118	4	press	press	PROPN
spir-13527	118	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	119	1	doi	doi	NOUN
spir-13527	119	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	119	3	10.2307	10.2307	NUM
spir-13527	119	4	/	/	SYM
spir-13527	119	5	j.ctv65swsg	j.ctv65swsg	ADJ
spir-13527	119	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	119	7	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	119	8	2	2	NUM
spir-13527	119	9	delegitimization	delegitimization	NOUN
spir-13527	119	10	versus	versus	ADP
spir-13527	119	11	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	119	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	119	13	the	the	DET
spir-13527	119	14	case	case	NOUN
spir-13527	119	15	study	study	NOUN
spir-13527	119	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	119	17	donald	donald	PROPN
spir-13527	119	18	trump	trump	NOUN
spir-13527	119	19	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	119	20	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	119	21	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	119	22	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	119	23	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	119	24	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-13527	119	25	jennifer	jennifer	PROPN
spir-13527	119	26	stromer	stromer	PROPN
spir-13527	119	27	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	119	28	galley	galley	NOUN
spir-13527	119	29	syracuse	syracuse	PROPN
spir-13527	119	30	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	119	31	brian	brian	PROPN
spir-13527	119	32	mckernan	mckernan	PROPN
spir-13527	119	33	syracuse	syracuse	PROPN
spir-13527	119	34	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	119	35	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-13527	119	36	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-13527	119	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	119	38	journalists	journalist	NOUN
spir-13527	119	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	119	40	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	119	41	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	119	42	observers	observer	NOUN
spir-13527	119	43	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	119	44	embraced	embrace	VERB
spir-13527	119	45	the	the	DET
spir-13527	119	46	idea	idea	NOUN
spir-13527	119	47	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	119	48	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	119	49	to	to	PART
spir-13527	119	50	explain	explain	VERB
spir-13527	119	51	the	the	DET
spir-13527	119	52	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-13527	119	53	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	119	54	current	current	ADJ
spir-13527	119	55	spate	spate	NOUN
spir-13527	119	56	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	119	57	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	119	58	leaders	leader	NOUN
spir-13527	119	59	who	who	PRON
spir-13527	119	60	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	119	61	contributing	contribute	VERB
spir-13527	119	62	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	119	63	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	119	64	backsliding	backsliding	NOUN
spir-13527	119	65	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	120	1	these	these	DET
spir-13527	120	2	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	120	3	include	include	VERB
spir-13527	120	4	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-13527	120	5	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	120	6	president	president	PROPN
spir-13527	120	7	donald	donald	PROPN
spir-13527	120	8	trump	trump	PROPN
spir-13527	120	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	120	10	u.k	u.k	PROPN
spir-13527	120	11	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	120	12	prime	prime	PROPN
spir-13527	120	13	minister	minister	PROPN
spir-13527	120	14	boris	boris	PROPN
spir-13527	120	15	johnson	johnson	PROPN
spir-13527	120	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	120	17	indian	indian	ADJ
spir-13527	120	18	prime	prime	PROPN
spir-13527	120	19	minister	minister	PROPN
spir-13527	120	20	narendra	narendra	PROPN
spir-13527	120	21	modi	modi	PROPN
spir-13527	120	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	120	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	120	24	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-13527	120	25	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	120	26	jair	jair	PROPN
spir-13527	120	27	bolsonaro	bolsonaro	NOUN
spir-13527	120	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	120	29	just	just	ADV
spir-13527	120	30	to	to	PART
spir-13527	120	31	name	name	VERB
spir-13527	120	32	a	a	DET
spir-13527	120	33	few	few	ADJ
spir-13527	120	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	121	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	121	2	concern	concern	NOUN
spir-13527	121	3	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	121	4	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	121	5	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	121	6	a	a	DET
spir-13527	121	7	way	way	NOUN
spir-13527	121	8	to	to	PART
spir-13527	121	9	identify	identify	VERB
spir-13527	121	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	121	11	describe	describe	VERB
spir-13527	121	12	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13527	121	13	democratically	democratically	ADV
spir-13527	121	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	121	15	elected	elect	VERB
spir-13527	121	16	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	121	17	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	121	18	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	121	19	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	121	20	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	121	21	a	a	DET
spir-13527	121	22	weak	weak	ADJ
spir-13527	121	23	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-13527	121	24	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	121	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	122	1	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	122	2	does	do	AUX
spir-13527	122	3	not	not	PART
spir-13527	122	4	help	help	VERB
spir-13527	122	5	differentiate	differentiate	VERB
spir-13527	122	6	merely	merely	ADV
spir-13527	122	7	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13527	122	8	democratically	democratically	ADV
spir-13527	122	9	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	122	10	elected	elect	VERB
spir-13527	122	11	leaders	leader	NOUN
spir-13527	122	12	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	122	13	those	those	PRON
spir-13527	122	14	who	who	PRON
spir-13527	122	15	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	122	16	truly	truly	ADV
spir-13527	122	17	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
spir-13527	122	18	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	122	19	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	122	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	123	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
spir-13527	123	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	123	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	123	4	object	object	NOUN
spir-13527	123	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	123	6	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	123	7	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	123	8	muddy	muddy	ADJ
spir-13527	123	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	123	10	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	123	11	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	123	12	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-13527	123	13	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	124	1	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	124	2	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	124	3	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	124	4	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	125	1	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	125	2	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	125	3	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-13527	125	4	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	126	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	126	2	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13527	126	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	126	4	a	a	DET
spir-13527	126	5	better	well	ADJ
spir-13527	126	6	analytical	analytical	ADJ
spir-13527	126	7	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	126	8	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	126	9	needed	need	VERB
spir-13527	126	10	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	126	11	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	126	12	to	to	PART
spir-13527	126	13	judge	judge	VERB
spir-13527	126	14	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	126	15	elites	elite	NOUN
spir-13527	126	16	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	126	17	democracies	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	126	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	127	1	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	127	2	the	the	DET
spir-13527	127	3	case	case	NOUN
spir-13527	127	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	127	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	127	6	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13527	127	7	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-13527	127	8	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	127	9	presidential	presidential	ADJ
spir-13527	127	10	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	127	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	127	12	a	a	DET
spir-13527	127	13	comparison	comparison	NOUN
spir-13527	127	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	127	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	127	16	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	127	17	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	127	18	messages	message	NOUN
spir-13527	127	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	127	20	two	two	NUM
spir-13527	127	21	candidates	candidate	NOUN
spir-13527	127	22	-donald	-donald	ADJ
spir-13527	127	23	trump	trump	NOUN
spir-13527	127	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	127	25	joseph	joseph	PROPN
spir-13527	127	26	biden	biden	PROPN
spir-13527	127	27	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	127	28	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	127	29	advance	advance	VERB
spir-13527	127	30	the	the	DET
spir-13527	127	31	argument	argument	NOUN
spir-13527	127	32	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	127	33	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	127	34	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	127	35	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	127	36	judged	judge	VERB
spir-13527	127	37	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	127	38	the	the	DET
spir-13527	127	39	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-13527	127	40	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	127	41	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	127	42	delegitimizing	delegitimize	VERB
spir-13527	127	43	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	127	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	128	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	128	2	further	far	ADV
spir-13527	128	3	assert	assert	VERB
spir-13527	128	4	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	128	5	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	128	6	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	128	7	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	128	8	enabled	enable	VERB
spir-13527	128	9	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	128	10	the	the	DET
spir-13527	128	11	decentralized	decentralize	VERB
spir-13527	128	12	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	128	13	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-13527	128	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	128	15	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	128	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	128	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	129	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	129	2	ascribe	ascribe	VERB
spir-13527	129	3	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	129	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	129	5	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	129	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	129	7	laclau	laclau	PROPN
spir-13527	129	8	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	129	9	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13527	129	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	129	11	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	129	12	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	129	13	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	129	14	a	a	DET
spir-13527	129	15	style	style	NOUN
spir-13527	129	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	129	17	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	129	18	rather	rather	ADV
spir-13527	129	19	than	than	ADP
spir-13527	129	20	an	an	DET
spir-13527	129	21	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-13527	129	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	130	1	all	all	DET
spir-13527	130	2	democratically	democratically	ADV
spir-13527	130	3	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	130	4	elected	elect	VERB
spir-13527	130	5	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	130	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	130	7	he	he	PRON
spir-13527	130	8	argues	argue	VERB
spir-13527	130	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	130	10	ascribe	ascribe	VERB
spir-13527	130	11	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	130	12	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	130	13	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	130	14	some	some	DET
spir-13527	130	15	degree	degree	NOUN
spir-13527	130	16	given	give	VERB
spir-13527	130	17	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	130	18	the	the	DET
spir-13527	130	19	basic	basic	ADJ
spir-13527	130	20	premise	premise	NOUN
spir-13527	130	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	130	22	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	130	23	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	130	24	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	130	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	130	26	voices	voice	NOUN
spir-13527	130	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	130	28	the	the	DET
spir-13527	130	29	public	public	NOUN
spir-13527	130	30	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	130	31	represented	represent	VERB
spir-13527	130	32	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	130	33	the	the	DET
spir-13527	130	34	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	130	35	system	system	NOUN
spir-13527	130	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	131	1	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	131	2	best	well	ADV
spir-13527	131	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	131	4	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	131	5	muddle	muddle	NOUN
spir-13527	131	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	131	7	2004	2004	NUM
spir-13527	131	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	131	9	notes	note	NOUN
spir-13527	131	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	131	11	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	131	12	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	131	13	a	a	DET
spir-13527	131	14	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	131	15	thin	thin	ADJ
spir-13527	131	16	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	131	17	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-13527	131	18	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	131	19	focuses	focus	VERB
spir-13527	131	20	essentially	essentially	ADV
spir-13527	131	21	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	131	22	a	a	DET
spir-13527	131	23	position	position	NOUN
spir-13527	131	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	131	25	antagonism	antagonism	NOUN
spir-13527	131	26	towards	towards	ADP
spir-13527	131	27	elites	elite	NOUN
spir-13527	131	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	132	1	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	132	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	132	3	though	though	ADV
spir-13527	132	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	132	5	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	132	6	unhelpful	unhelpful	ADJ
spir-13527	132	7	analytically	analytically	ADV
spir-13527	132	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	133	1	first	first	ADV
spir-13527	133	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	133	3	if	if	SCONJ
spir-13527	133	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	133	5	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	133	6	laclau	laclau	PROPN
spir-13527	133	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	133	8	2014	2014	NUM
spir-13527	133	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	133	10	argues	argue	VERB
spir-13527	133	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	133	12	all	all	DET
spir-13527	133	13	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	133	14	have	have	VERB
spir-13527	133	15	some	some	DET
spir-13527	133	16	aspect	aspect	NOUN
spir-13527	133	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	133	18	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	133	19	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	133	20	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	133	21	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	133	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	133	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	133	24	there	there	PRON
spir-13527	133	25	is	be	VERB
spir-13527	133	26	not	not	PART
spir-13527	133	27	a	a	DET
spir-13527	133	28	clearly	clearly	ADV
spir-13527	133	29	identifiable	identifiable	ADJ
spir-13527	133	30	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-13527	133	31	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	133	32	the	the	DET
spir-13527	133	33	populist	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	133	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	133	35	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	133	36	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	133	37	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	133	38	not	not	PART
spir-13527	133	39	help	help	VERB
spir-13527	133	40	us	we	PRON
spir-13527	133	41	differentiate	differentiate	VERB
spir-13527	133	42	the	the	DET
spir-13527	133	43	ideologically	ideologically	ADV
spir-13527	133	44	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13527	133	45	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	133	46	the	the	DET
spir-13527	133	47	downright	downright	ADV
spir-13527	133	48	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
spir-13527	133	49	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	1	engesser	engesser	NOUN
spir-13527	134	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	3	ernst	ernst	PROPN
spir-13527	134	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	5	esser	esser	NOUN
spir-13527	134	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	134	8	büchel	büchel	PROPN
spir-13527	134	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	10	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	134	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	12	find	find	VERB
spir-13527	134	13	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	134	14	a	a	DET
spir-13527	134	15	broad	broad	ADJ
spir-13527	134	16	range	range	NOUN
spir-13527	134	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	134	18	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	134	19	articulate	articulate	VERB
spir-13527	134	20	support	support	NOUN
spir-13527	134	21	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	134	22	the	the	DET
spir-13527	134	23	public	public	NOUN
spir-13527	134	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	25	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13527	134	26	left	left	ADV
spir-13527	134	27	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	28	leaning	lean	VERB
spir-13527	134	29	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	134	30	attack	attack	VERB
spir-13527	134	31	economic	economic	ADJ
spir-13527	134	32	elites	elite	NOUN
spir-13527	134	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	134	34	right	right	ADV
spir-13527	134	35	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	134	36	leaning	lean	VERB
spir-13527	134	37	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	134	38	attack	attack	VERB
spir-13527	134	39	the	the	DET
spir-13527	134	40	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	134	41	elite	elite	NOUN
spir-13527	134	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	135	1	given	give	VERB
spir-13527	135	2	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	135	3	nearly	nearly	ADV
spir-13527	135	4	all	all	DET
spir-13527	135	5	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	135	6	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	135	7	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	135	8	labeled	label	VERB
spir-13527	135	9	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	135	10	populists	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	135	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	135	12	even	even	ADV
spir-13527	135	13	if	if	SCONJ
spir-13527	135	14	the	the	DET
spir-13527	135	15	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
spir-13527	135	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	135	17	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	135	18	elites	elite	NOUN
spir-13527	135	19	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	135	20	attacked	attack	VERB
spir-13527	135	21	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	135	22	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	135	23	cleaved	cleave	VERB
spir-13527	135	24	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	135	25	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	135	26	targets	target	NOUN
spir-13527	135	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	135	28	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	135	29	raises	raise	VERB
spir-13527	135	30	questions	question	NOUN
spir-13527	135	31	about	about	ADP
spir-13527	135	32	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	135	33	useful	useful	ADJ
spir-13527	135	34	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	135	35	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	135	36	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	135	37	a	a	DET
spir-13527	135	38	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	135	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	136	1	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-13527	136	2	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	136	3	attempted	attempt	VERB
spir-13527	136	4	to	to	PART
spir-13527	136	5	resolve	resolve	VERB
spir-13527	136	6	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	136	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	136	8	providing	provide	VERB
spir-13527	136	9	additional	additional	ADJ
spir-13527	136	10	adjectives	adjective	NOUN
spir-13527	136	11	to	to	PART
spir-13527	136	12	modify	modify	VERB
spir-13527	136	13	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	136	14	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	136	15	a	a	DET
spir-13527	136	16	way	way	NOUN
spir-13527	136	17	to	to	PART
spir-13527	136	18	differentiate	differentiate	VERB
spir-13527	136	19	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	136	20	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	136	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	137	1	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	137	2	example	example	NOUN
spir-13527	137	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	137	4	rowland	rowland	PROPN
spir-13527	137	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	137	6	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	137	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	137	8	refers	refer	VERB
spir-13527	137	9	to	to	PART
spir-13527	137	10	trump	trump	VERB
spir-13527	137	11	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	137	12	a	a	DET
spir-13527	137	13	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	137	14	nationalist	nationalist	ADJ
spir-13527	137	15	populist	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	137	16	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	137	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	138	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	138	2	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13527	138	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	138	4	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	138	5	adjective	adjective	ADJ
spir-13527	138	6	+	+	CCONJ
spir-13527	138	7	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-13527	138	8	labeling	labeling	NOUN
spir-13527	138	9	further	far	ADV
spir-13527	138	10	muddies	muddy	VERB
spir-13527	138	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	138	12	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-13527	138	13	waters	water	NOUN
spir-13527	138	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	1	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-13527	139	2	do	do	AUX
spir-13527	139	3	not	not	PART
spir-13527	139	4	agree	agree	VERB
spir-13527	139	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	139	6	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	139	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	139	8	right	right	ADJ
spir-13527	139	9	adjective	adjective	ADJ
spir-13527	139	10	+	+	CCONJ
spir-13527	139	11	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	139	12	should	should	AUX
spir-13527	139	13	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	139	14	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	139	15	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	16	bad	bad	ADJ
spir-13527	139	17	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	18	populists	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	139	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	20	right	right	ADJ
spir-13527	139	21	wing	wing	NOUN
spir-13527	139	22	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	24	nationalist	nationalist	ADJ
spir-13527	139	25	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	27	authoritarian	authoritarian	ADJ
spir-13527	139	28	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	139	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	140	1	second	second	ADJ
spir-13527	140	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	140	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	140	4	related	relate	VERB
spir-13527	140	5	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	140	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	140	7	first	first	ADJ
spir-13527	140	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	140	9	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-13527	140	10	contend	contend	VERB
spir-13527	140	11	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	140	12	there	there	PRON
spir-13527	140	13	are	be	VERB
spir-13527	140	14	good	good	ADJ
spir-13527	140	15	populists	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	140	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	140	17	bad	bad	ADJ
spir-13527	140	18	populists	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	140	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	1	mouffe	mouffe	NOUN
spir-13527	141	2	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	3	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	141	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	6	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	141	7	example	example	NOUN
spir-13527	141	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	9	argues	argue	VERB
spir-13527	141	10	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	141	11	there	there	PRON
spir-13527	141	12	is	be	VERB
spir-13527	141	13	a	a	DET
spir-13527	141	14	need	need	NOUN
spir-13527	141	15	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	141	16	a	a	DET
spir-13527	141	17	left	left	ADJ
spir-13527	141	18	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	141	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	141	20	rowland	rowland	NOUN
spir-13527	141	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	22	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	141	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	24	contrasts	contrast	VERB
spir-13527	141	25	nationalist	nationalist	ADJ
spir-13527	141	26	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	141	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	28	bad	bad	ADJ
spir-13527	141	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	30	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	141	31	progressive	progressive	ADJ
spir-13527	141	32	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	141	33	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	34	good	good	ADJ
spir-13527	141	35	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	141	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	142	1	yet	yet	ADV
spir-13527	142	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	142	3	if	if	SCONJ
spir-13527	142	4	most	most	ADJ
spir-13527	142	5	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-13527	142	6	highlight	highlight	VERB
spir-13527	142	7	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	142	8	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	142	9	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13527	142	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	142	11	a	a	DET
spir-13527	142	12	contributor	contributor	NOUN
spir-13527	142	13	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	142	14	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	142	15	backsliding	backslide	VERB
spir-13527	142	16	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	142	17	müller	müller	NOUN
spir-13527	142	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	142	19	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	142	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	142	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	142	22	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	142	23	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	142	24	what	what	DET
spir-13527	142	25	use	use	NOUN
spir-13527	142	26	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	142	27	the	the	DET
spir-13527	142	28	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	142	29	if	if	SCONJ
spir-13527	142	30	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	142	31	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	142	32	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	142	33	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	142	34	applied	apply	VERB
spir-13527	142	35	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	142	36	progressive	progressive	ADJ
spir-13527	142	37	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	142	38	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	142	39	good	good	ADJ
spir-13527	142	40	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	142	41	populists	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	142	42	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	143	1	third	third	ADV
spir-13527	143	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	143	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	143	4	object	object	NOUN
spir-13527	143	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	143	6	study	study	NOUN
spir-13527	143	7	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	143	8	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	143	9	makes	make	VERB
spir-13527	143	10	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	143	11	a	a	DET
spir-13527	143	12	populist	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	143	13	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	143	14	unclear	unclear	ADJ
spir-13527	143	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	144	1	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	144	2	some	some	DET
spir-13527	144	3	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-13527	144	4	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	144	5	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	144	6	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	144	7	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	144	8	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	144	9	mouffe	mouffe	NOUN
spir-13527	144	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	144	11	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	144	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	144	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	144	14	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13527	144	15	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	144	16	others	other	NOUN
spir-13527	144	17	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	144	18	’s	’	VERB
spir-13527	144	19	the	the	DET
spir-13527	144	20	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-13527	144	21	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	144	22	style	style	NOUN
spir-13527	144	23	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	144	24	judis	judis	PROPN
spir-13527	144	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	144	26	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	144	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	144	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	1	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	145	2	others	other	NOUN
spir-13527	145	3	still	still	ADV
spir-13527	145	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	145	6	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-13527	145	7	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	145	8	more	more	ADJ
spir-13527	145	9	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	145	10	the	the	DET
spir-13527	145	11	context	context	NOUN
spir-13527	145	12	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	145	13	has	have	AUX
spir-13527	145	14	given	give	VERB
spir-13527	145	15	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-13527	145	16	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	145	17	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	145	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	19	moffitt	moffitt	PROPN
spir-13527	145	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	21	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	145	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	145	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	145	26	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-13527	145	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	145	28	actions	action	NOUN
spir-13527	145	29	undertaken	undertake	VERB
spir-13527	145	30	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	145	31	office	office	NOUN
spir-13527	145	32	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	145	33	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	145	34	the	the	DET
spir-13527	145	35	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-13527	145	36	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	37	müller	müller	NOUN
spir-13527	145	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	39	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	145	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	145	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	146	1	without	without	ADP
spir-13527	146	2	a	a	DET
spir-13527	146	3	clear	clear	ADJ
spir-13527	146	4	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-13527	146	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	146	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	146	7	object	object	NOUN
spir-13527	146	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	146	9	study	study	NOUN
spir-13527	146	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	146	11	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	146	12	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	146	13	hard	hard	ADJ
spir-13527	146	14	to	to	PART
spir-13527	146	15	clearly	clearly	ADV
spir-13527	146	16	determine	determine	VERB
spir-13527	146	17	who	who	PRON
spir-13527	146	18	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	146	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	146	20	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	146	21	not	not	PART
spir-13527	146	22	a	a	DET
spir-13527	146	23	populist	populist	NOUN
spir-13527	146	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	146	25	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	146	26	the	the	DET
spir-13527	146	27	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-13527	146	28	implications	implication	NOUN
spir-13527	146	29	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	146	30	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	146	31	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	146	32	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	146	33	might	might	AUX
spir-13527	146	34	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	146	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	147	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	147	2	contend	contend	VERB
spir-13527	147	3	instead	instead	ADV
spir-13527	147	4	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	147	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	147	6	lens	lens	NOUN
spir-13527	147	7	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	147	8	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	147	9	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	147	10	should	should	AUX
spir-13527	147	11	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	147	12	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
spir-13527	147	13	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	147	14	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	147	15	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
spir-13527	147	16	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-13527	147	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	148	1	fairclough	fairclough	ADJ
spir-13527	148	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	148	3	fairclough	fairclough	ADJ
spir-13527	148	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	148	5	2012	2012	NUM
spir-13527	148	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	148	7	suggest	suggest	VERB
spir-13527	148	8	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	148	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	148	10	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-13527	148	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	148	12	should	should	AUX
spir-13527	148	13	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	148	14	understood	understand	VERB
spir-13527	148	15	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	148	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	148	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	148	18	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
spir-13527	148	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	149	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	149	2	foundation	foundation	NOUN
spir-13527	149	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	149	4	argumentation	argumentation	NOUN
spir-13527	149	5	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	149	6	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-13527	149	7	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	149	8	supports	support	VERB
spir-13527	149	9	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-13527	149	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	149	11	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	149	12	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	149	13	made	make	VERB
spir-13527	149	14	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	149	15	language	language	NOUN
spir-13527	149	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	150	1	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13527	150	2	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	150	3	advance	advance	VERB
spir-13527	150	4	only	only	ADV
spir-13527	150	5	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-13527	150	6	without	without	ADP
spir-13527	150	7	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-13527	150	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	150	9	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	150	10	make	make	VERB
spir-13527	150	11	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-13527	150	12	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	150	13	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	150	14	premised	premise	VERB
spir-13527	150	15	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	150	16	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	150	17	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	150	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	150	19	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	150	20	a	a	DET
spir-13527	150	21	foundational	foundational	ADJ
spir-13527	150	22	premise	premise	NOUN
spir-13527	150	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	150	24	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	150	25	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13527	150	26	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	150	27	violated	violate	VERB
spir-13527	150	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	151	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	151	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	151	3	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	151	4	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	151	5	call	call	VERB
spir-13527	151	6	delegitimizing	delegitimize	VERB
spir-13527	151	7	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	151	8	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13527	151	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	151	10	targets	target	NOUN
spir-13527	151	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	151	12	that	that	DET
spir-13527	151	13	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	151	14	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-13527	151	15	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	151	16	undermining	undermine	VERB
spir-13527	151	17	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	151	18	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-13527	151	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	151	20	processes	process	NOUN
spir-13527	151	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	151	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	151	23	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	151	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	152	1	trump	trump	VERB
spir-13527	152	2	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	152	3	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-13527	152	4	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	152	5	compared	compare	VERB
spir-13527	152	6	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	152	7	biden	biden	PROPN
spir-13527	152	8	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	152	9	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	152	10	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
spir-13527	152	11	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	152	12	his	his	PRON
spir-13527	152	13	delegitimizing	delegitimize	VERB
spir-13527	152	14	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	152	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	153	1	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	153	2	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	153	3	a	a	DET
spir-13527	153	4	case	case	NOUN
spir-13527	153	5	study	study	VERB
spir-13527	153	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	153	7	2020	2020	NUM
spir-13527	153	8	presidential	presidential	ADJ
spir-13527	153	9	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	153	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	153	11	trump	trump	VERB
spir-13527	153	12	produced	produce	VERB
spir-13527	153	13	extensive	extensive	ADJ
spir-13527	153	14	arguments	argument	NOUN
spir-13527	153	15	founded	found	VERB
spir-13527	153	16	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	153	17	lies	lie	NOUN
spir-13527	153	18	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	153	19	the	the	DET
spir-13527	153	20	democrats	democrats	PROPN
spir-13527	153	21	were	be	AUX
spir-13527	153	22	stealing	steal	VERB
spir-13527	153	23	the	the	DET
spir-13527	153	24	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	153	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	153	26	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	153	27	voting	voting	NOUN
spir-13527	153	28	machines	machine	NOUN
spir-13527	153	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	153	30	voting	voting	NOUN
spir-13527	153	31	locations	location	NOUN
spir-13527	153	32	were	be	AUX
spir-13527	153	33	being	be	AUX
spir-13527	153	34	used	use	VERB
spir-13527	153	35	to	to	PART
spir-13527	153	36	manipulate	manipulate	VERB
spir-13527	153	37	votes	vote	NOUN
spir-13527	153	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	153	39	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	153	40	after	after	ADP
spir-13527	153	41	the	the	DET
spir-13527	153	42	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	153	43	he	he	PRON
spir-13527	153	44	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV
spir-13527	153	45	claimed	claim	VERB
spir-13527	153	46	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	153	47	he	he	PRON
spir-13527	153	48	had	have	AUX
spir-13527	153	49	won	win	VERB
spir-13527	153	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	153	51	even	even	ADV
spir-13527	153	52	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13527	153	53	he	he	PRON
spir-13527	153	54	knew	know	VERB
spir-13527	153	55	he	he	PRON
spir-13527	153	56	had	have	VERB
spir-13527	153	57	not	not	PART
spir-13527	153	58	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	154	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	154	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
spir-13527	154	3	biden	biden	PROPN
spir-13527	154	4	never	never	ADV
spir-13527	154	5	questioned	question	VERB
spir-13527	154	6	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	154	7	results	result	NOUN
spir-13527	154	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	154	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	154	10	underscored	underscore	VERB
spir-13527	154	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	154	12	importance	importance	NOUN
spir-13527	154	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	154	14	voting	voting	NOUN
spir-13527	154	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	154	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	154	17	ensuring	ensure	VERB
spir-13527	154	18	effective	effective	ADJ
spir-13527	154	19	voting	voting	NOUN
spir-13527	154	20	systems	system	NOUN
spir-13527	154	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	155	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
spir-13527	155	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	155	3	trump	trump	VERB
spir-13527	155	4	baselessly	baselessly	ADV
spir-13527	155	5	attacked	attack	VERB
spir-13527	155	6	opponents	opponent	NOUN
spir-13527	155	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	155	8	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-13527	155	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	156	1	he	he	PRON
spir-13527	156	2	delegitimized	delegitimize	VERB
spir-13527	156	3	his	his	PRON
spir-13527	156	4	opponents	opponent	NOUN
spir-13527	156	5	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	156	6	a	a	DET
spir-13527	156	7	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	156	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	156	9	disrespect	disrespect	NOUN
spir-13527	156	10	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	156	11	calling	call	VERB
spir-13527	156	12	opponents	opponent	NOUN
spir-13527	156	13	names	name	NOUN
spir-13527	156	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	156	15	insinuating	insinuate	VERB
spir-13527	156	16	ill	ill	ADJ
spir-13527	156	17	motives	motive	NOUN
spir-13527	156	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	156	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	156	20	making	make	VERB
spir-13527	156	21	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	156	22	accusations	accusation	NOUN
spir-13527	156	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	157	1	he	he	PRON
spir-13527	157	2	delegitimized	delegitimize	VERB
spir-13527	157	3	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-13527	157	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	157	5	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	157	6	government	government	NOUN
spir-13527	157	7	agencies	agency	NOUN
spir-13527	157	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	157	9	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	157	10	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	157	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	157	12	federal	federal	ADJ
spir-13527	157	13	bureau	bureau	PROPN
spir-13527	157	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	157	15	investigation	investigation	NOUN
spir-13527	157	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	157	17	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	157	18	city	city	NOUN
spir-13527	157	19	governments	government	NOUN
spir-13527	157	20	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	157	21	major	major	ADJ
spir-13527	157	22	cities	city	NOUN
spir-13527	157	23	like	like	ADP
spir-13527	157	24	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13527	157	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	157	26	baltimore	baltimore	PROPN
spir-13527	157	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	157	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	157	29	chicago	chicago	PROPN
spir-13527	157	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	158	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13527	158	2	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-13527	158	3	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	158	4	highlighted	highlight	VERB
spir-13527	158	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	158	6	role	role	NOUN
spir-13527	158	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	158	8	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	158	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	158	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	158	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	158	12	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-13527	158	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	158	14	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	158	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	158	16	gerbaudo	gerbaudo	NOUN
spir-13527	158	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	158	18	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	158	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	158	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	158	21	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	158	22	make	make	VERB
spir-13527	158	23	a	a	DET
spir-13527	158	24	second	second	ADJ
spir-13527	158	25	argument	argument	NOUN
spir-13527	158	26	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	158	27	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	158	28	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	158	29	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	158	30	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	158	31	used	use	VERB
spir-13527	158	32	to	to	PART
spir-13527	158	33	amplify	amplify	VERB
spir-13527	158	34	delegitimization	delegitimization	PROPN
spir-13527	158	35	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	158	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	158	37	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	158	38	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	158	39	like	like	ADP
spir-13527	158	40	trump	trump	VERB
spir-13527	158	41	not	not	PART
spir-13527	158	42	only	only	ADV
spir-13527	158	43	bypass	bypass	VERB
spir-13527	158	44	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-13527	158	45	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13527	158	46	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13527	158	47	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	158	48	attack	attack	VERB
spir-13527	158	49	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	158	50	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	159	1	undermining	undermine	VERB
spir-13527	159	2	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	159	3	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
spir-13527	159	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	159	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	159	6	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	159	7	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-13527	159	8	enables	enable	VERB
spir-13527	159	9	delegitimizing	delegitimize	VERB
spir-13527	159	10	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	159	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	159	12	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	159	13	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-13527	159	14	to	to	PART
spir-13527	159	15	spread	spread	VERB
spir-13527	159	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	159	17	to	to	PART
spir-13527	159	18	fail	fail	VERB
spir-13527	159	19	to	to	PART
spir-13527	159	20	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	159	21	countered	counter	VERB
spir-13527	159	22	effectively	effectively	ADV
spir-13527	159	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	159	24	further	far	ADV
spir-13527	159	25	putting	put	VERB
spir-13527	159	26	the	the	DET
spir-13527	159	27	foundational	foundational	ADJ
spir-13527	159	28	pillars	pillar	NOUN
spir-13527	159	29	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	159	30	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	159	31	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	159	32	risk	risk	NOUN
spir-13527	159	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	160	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	160	2	utility	utility	NOUN
spir-13527	160	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	160	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	160	5	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	160	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	160	7	delegitimization	delegitimization	NOUN
spir-13527	160	8	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	160	9	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	160	10	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	160	11	allows	allow	VERB
spir-13527	160	12	us	we	PRON
spir-13527	160	13	to	to	PART
spir-13527	160	14	differentiate	differentiate	VERB
spir-13527	160	15	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	160	16	messages	message	NOUN
spir-13527	160	17	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	160	18	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	160	19	truly	truly	ADV
spir-13527	160	20	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ
spir-13527	160	21	because	because	SCONJ
spir-13527	160	22	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	160	23	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	160	24	meant	mean	VERB
spir-13527	160	25	to	to	PART
spir-13527	160	26	destabilize	destabilize	VERB
spir-13527	160	27	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	160	28	bedrock	bedrock	NOUN
spir-13527	160	29	principles	principle	NOUN
spir-13527	160	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	160	31	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	160	32	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	160	33	the	the	DET
spir-13527	160	34	integrity	integrity	NOUN
spir-13527	160	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	160	36	the	the	DET
spir-13527	160	37	vote	vote	NOUN
spir-13527	160	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	160	39	the	the	DET
spir-13527	160	40	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
spir-13527	160	41	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	160	42	alternative	alternative	ADJ
spir-13527	160	43	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13527	160	44	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	160	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	161	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	161	2	situating	situate	VERB
spir-13527	161	3	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	161	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	161	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	161	6	context	context	NOUN
spir-13527	161	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	161	8	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	161	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	161	10	messaging	messaging	NOUN
spir-13527	161	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	161	12	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	161	13	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	161	14	see	see	VERB
spir-13527	161	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	161	16	ways	way	NOUN
spir-13527	161	17	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	161	18	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	161	19	manifests	manifest	VERB
spir-13527	161	20	unchecked	unchecked	ADJ
spir-13527	161	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	161	22	gets	get	AUX
spir-13527	161	23	amplified	amplify	VERB
spir-13527	161	24	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	161	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	161	26	power	power	NOUN
spir-13527	161	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	161	28	distributed	distribute	VERB
spir-13527	161	29	network	network	NOUN
spir-13527	161	30	channels	channel	NOUN
spir-13527	161	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	162	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13527	162	2	fairclough	fairclough	ADJ
spir-13527	162	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	162	4	i.	i.	NOUN
spir-13527	162	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	162	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	162	7	fairclough	fairclough	ADJ
spir-13527	162	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	162	9	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13527	162	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	162	11	2012	2012	NUM
spir-13527	162	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	162	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	163	1	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	163	2	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-13527	163	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	163	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	163	5	a	a	DET
spir-13527	163	6	method	method	NOUN
spir-13527	163	7	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	163	8	advanced	advanced	ADJ
spir-13527	163	9	students	student	NOUN
spir-13527	163	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	164	1	london	london	PROPN
spir-13527	164	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	164	3	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-13527	164	4	gerbaudo	gerbaudo	PROPN
spir-13527	164	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	164	6	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13527	164	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	164	8	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	164	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	164	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	165	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	165	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	165	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	165	4	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	165	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	165	6	an	an	DET
spir-13527	165	7	elective	elective	ADJ
spir-13527	165	8	affinity	affinity	NOUN
spir-13527	165	9	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	165	10	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	165	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	165	12	culture	culture	NOUN
spir-13527	165	13	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	165	14	society	society	PROPN
spir-13527	165	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	165	16	40(5	40(5	NOUN
spir-13527	165	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	165	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	165	19	745	745	NUM
spir-13527	165	20	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	165	21	753	753	NUM
spir-13527	165	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	166	1	doi	doi	NOUN
spir-13527	166	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	166	3	10.1177/0163443718772192	10.1177/0163443718772192	NUM
spir-13527	166	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	167	1	judis	judis	PROPN
spir-13527	167	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	167	3	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	167	4	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	167	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	167	6	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	167	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	167	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	168	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	168	2	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-13527	168	3	explosion	explosion	NOUN
spir-13527	168	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	168	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	168	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	168	7	great	great	ADJ
spir-13527	168	8	recession	recession	NOUN
spir-13527	168	9	transformed	transform	VERB
spir-13527	168	10	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	168	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	168	12	european	european	ADJ
spir-13527	168	13	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13527	168	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	169	1	new	new	PROPN
spir-13527	169	2	york	york	PROPN
spir-13527	169	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	170	1	columbia	columbia	PROPN
spir-13527	170	2	global	global	PROPN
spir-13527	170	3	reports	report	NOUN
spir-13527	170	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	171	1	laclau	laclau	PROPN
spir-13527	171	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	171	3	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13527	171	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	171	5	2005/2014	2005/2014	NUM
spir-13527	171	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	171	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	172	1	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	172	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	172	3	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	172	4	's	be	AUX
spir-13527	172	5	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	172	6	a	a	DET
spir-13527	172	7	name	name	NOUN
spir-13527	172	8	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	173	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	173	2	2005	2005	NUM
spir-13527	173	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	173	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	174	2	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-13527	174	3	howarth	howarth	PROPN
spir-13527	174	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	5	ed	ed	NOUN
spir-13527	174	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	9	postmarxism	postmarxism	NOUN
spir-13527	174	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	11	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	174	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	174	13	critique	critique	NOUN
spir-13527	174	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	15	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-13527	174	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	17	152	152	NUM
spir-13527	174	18	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	174	19	164	164	NUM
spir-13527	174	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	174	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	175	1	new	new	PROPN
spir-13527	175	2	york	york	PROPN
spir-13527	175	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	176	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-13527	176	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	177	1	moffit	moffit	PROPN
spir-13527	177	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	177	3	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	177	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	177	5	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	177	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	177	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	178	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	178	2	global	global	ADJ
spir-13527	178	3	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-13527	178	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	178	5	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	178	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	178	7	performance	performance	NOUN
spir-13527	178	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	178	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	178	10	style	style	NOUN
spir-13527	178	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	178	12	representation	representation	NOUN
spir-13527	178	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	179	1	stanford	stanford	PROPN
spir-13527	179	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	179	3	ca	ca	PROPN
spir-13527	179	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	179	5	stanford	stanford	PROPN
spir-13527	179	6	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	179	7	press	press	NOUN
spir-13527	179	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	180	1	mouffe	mouffe	PROPN
spir-13527	180	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	180	3	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13527	180	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	180	5	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	180	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	180	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	181	1	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	181	2	a	a	DET
spir-13527	181	3	left	left	ADJ
spir-13527	181	4	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	181	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	182	1	brooklyn	brooklyn	PROPN
spir-13527	182	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	182	3	ny	ny	PROPN
spir-13527	182	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	182	5	verso	verso	ADJ
spir-13527	182	6	books	book	NOUN
spir-13527	182	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	183	1	mudde	mudde	PROPN
spir-13527	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	183	3	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13527	183	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	183	5	2004	2004	NUM
spir-13527	183	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	183	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	184	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	184	2	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-13527	184	3	zeitgeist	zeitgeist	NOUN
spir-13527	184	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	185	1	government	government	NOUN
spir-13527	185	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	185	3	opposition	opposition	NOUN
spir-13527	185	4	39	39	NUM
spir-13527	185	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	185	6	542–563	542–563	NUM
spir-13527	185	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	186	1	müller	müller	PROPN
spir-13527	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	186	3	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	186	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	186	5	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	186	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	186	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	187	1	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	187	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	187	3	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	187	4	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	188	1	philadelphia	philadelphia	PROPN
spir-13527	188	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	188	3	pa	pa	PROPN
spir-13527	188	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	188	5	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	188	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	188	7	pennsylvania	pennsylvania	PROPN
spir-13527	188	8	press	press	PROPN
spir-13527	188	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	189	1	rowland	rowland	PROPN
spir-13527	189	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	189	3	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13527	189	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	189	5	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	189	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	189	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	190	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	190	2	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-13527	190	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	190	4	donald	donald	PROPN
spir-13527	190	5	trump	trump	PROPN
spir-13527	190	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	190	7	nationalist	nationalist	ADJ
spir-13527	190	8	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-13527	190	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	190	10	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	190	11	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	190	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	191	1	manhattan	manhattan	PROPN
spir-13527	191	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	191	3	ks	ks	NOUN
spir-13527	191	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	191	5	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	191	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	191	7	kansas	kansas	PROPN
spir-13527	191	8	press	press	PROPN
spir-13527	191	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	192	2	3	3	NUM
spir-13527	192	3	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	192	4	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	192	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	192	6	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	192	7	stories	story	NOUN
spir-13527	192	8	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	192	9	during	during	ADP
spir-13527	192	10	the	the	DET
spir-13527	192	11	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	192	12	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	192	13	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	192	14	fabio	fabio	PROPN
spir-13527	192	15	giglietto	giglietto	PROPN
spir-13527	192	16	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	192	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	192	18	urbino	urbino	PROPN
spir-13527	192	19	carlo	carlo	PROPN
spir-13527	192	20	bo	bo	PROPN
spir-13527	192	21	nicola	nicola	PROPN
spir-13527	192	22	righetti	righetti	PROPN
spir-13527	192	23	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	192	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	192	25	vienna	vienna	PROPN
spir-13527	192	26	anna	anna	PROPN
spir-13527	192	27	stanziano	stanziano	PROPN
spir-13527	192	28	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	192	29	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	192	30	rome	rome	PROPN
spir-13527	192	31	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	32	la	la	X
spir-13527	192	33	sapienza	sapienza	NOUN
spir-13527	192	34	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	35	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	192	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	192	37	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	192	38	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	192	39	the	the	DET
spir-13527	192	40	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-13527	192	41	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	192	42	extremist	extremist	ADJ
spir-13527	192	43	positions	position	NOUN
spir-13527	192	44	over	over	ADP
spir-13527	192	45	moderate	moderate	ADJ
spir-13527	192	46	ones	one	NOUN
spir-13527	192	47	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	192	48	some	some	DET
spir-13527	192	49	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-13527	192	50	elections	election	NOUN
spir-13527	192	51	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	192	52	the	the	DET
spir-13527	192	53	emergence	emergence	NOUN
spir-13527	192	54	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	192	55	hyperpartisan	hyperpartisan	ADJ
spir-13527	192	56	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	192	57	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	58	benkler	benkler	NOUN
spir-13527	192	59	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	192	60	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	192	61	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	192	62	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	63	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	192	64	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	65	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	192	66	brought	bring	VERB
spir-13527	192	67	renewed	renew	VERB
spir-13527	192	68	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	192	69	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	192	70	the	the	DET
spir-13527	192	71	impact	impact	NOUN
spir-13527	192	72	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	192	73	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	192	74	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	192	75	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	76	wojcieszak	wojcieszak	NOUN
spir-13527	192	77	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	78	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	192	79	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	80	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	192	81	public	public	ADJ
spir-13527	192	82	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-13527	192	83	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	192	84	liberal	liberal	ADJ
spir-13527	192	85	democracies	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	192	86	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	87	katsambekis	katsambeki	NOUN
spir-13527	192	88	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	89	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	192	90	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	192	91	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	193	1	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-13527	193	2	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	193	3	been	be	AUX
spir-13527	193	4	raised	raise	VERB
spir-13527	193	5	regarding	regard	VERB
spir-13527	193	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	193	7	potential	potential	NOUN
spir-13527	193	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	193	9	selective	selective	ADJ
spir-13527	193	10	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	193	11	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	193	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	193	13	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	193	14	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	193	15	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	193	16	a	a	DET
spir-13527	193	17	result	result	NOUN
spir-13527	193	18	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	193	19	the	the	DET
spir-13527	193	20	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
spir-13527	193	21	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
spir-13527	193	22	shifts	shift	NOUN
spir-13527	193	23	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	193	24	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	193	25	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-13527	193	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	194	1	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-13527	194	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	194	3	skewed	skewed	ADJ
spir-13527	194	4	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	194	5	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	194	6	stories	story	NOUN
spir-13527	194	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	194	8	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	194	9	coverage	coverage	NOUN
spir-13527	194	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	194	11	public	public	ADJ
spir-13527	194	12	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	194	13	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	194	14	widespread	widespread	ADJ
spir-13527	194	15	throughout	throughout	ADP
spir-13527	194	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	194	17	history	history	NOUN
spir-13527	194	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
spir-13527	195	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	3	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	195	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	195	5	last	last	ADJ
spir-13527	195	6	few	few	ADJ
spir-13527	195	7	years	year	NOUN
spir-13527	195	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	9	several	several	ADJ
spir-13527	195	10	factors	factor	NOUN
spir-13527	195	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	12	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	195	13	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	195	14	declining	decline	VERB
spir-13527	195	15	public	public	ADJ
spir-13527	195	16	trust	trust	NOUN
spir-13527	195	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	195	18	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-13527	195	19	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	195	20	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	21	zuckerman	zuckerman	NOUN
spir-13527	195	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	23	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	195	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	26	the	the	DET
spir-13527	195	27	emergence	emergence	NOUN
spir-13527	195	28	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	195	29	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	195	30	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	195	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	195	32	alternative	alternative	ADJ
spir-13527	195	33	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	195	34	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	195	35	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	195	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	37	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	195	38	led	lead	VERB
spir-13527	195	39	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	195	40	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-13527	195	41	about	about	ADP
spir-13527	195	42	the	the	DET
spir-13527	195	43	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	195	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	195	45	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	195	46	consequences	consequence	NOUN
spir-13527	195	47	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	195	48	a	a	DET
spir-13527	195	49	surge	surge	NOUN
spir-13527	195	50	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	195	51	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	195	52	selective	selective	ADJ
spir-13527	195	53	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	195	54	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	55	lazarsfeld	lazarsfeld	VERB
spir-13527	195	56	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	195	57	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	195	58	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	195	59	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	60	1968	1968	NUM
spir-13527	195	61	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	195	62	prompted	prompt	VERB
spir-13527	195	63	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	195	64	an	an	DET
spir-13527	195	65	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-13527	195	66	fragmented	fragmented	ADJ
spir-13527	195	67	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	195	68	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-13527	195	69	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	1	sunstein	sunstein	PROPN
spir-13527	196	2	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	196	3	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	4	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	196	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	6	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	7	echo	echo	NOUN
spir-13527	196	8	chambers	chamber	NOUN
spir-13527	196	9	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	10	metaphor	metaphor	NOUN
spir-13527	196	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	12	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-13527	196	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	14	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	196	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	16	serves	serve	VERB
spir-13527	196	17	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	196	18	a	a	DET
spir-13527	196	19	cautionary	cautionary	ADJ
spir-13527	196	20	reminder	reminder	NOUN
spir-13527	196	21	about	about	ADP
spir-13527	196	22	the	the	DET
spir-13527	196	23	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-13527	196	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	196	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	196	26	combination	combination	NOUN
spir-13527	196	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	196	28	two	two	NUM
spir-13527	196	29	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
spir-13527	196	30	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	31	the	the	DET
spir-13527	196	32	tendency	tendency	NOUN
spir-13527	196	33	for	for	SCONJ
spir-13527	196	34	individuals	individual	NOUN
spir-13527	196	35	to	to	PART
spir-13527	196	36	self	self	NOUN
spir-13527	196	37	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	38	segregate	segregate	VERB
spir-13527	196	39	into	into	ADP
spir-13527	196	40	groups	group	NOUN
spir-13527	196	41	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	196	42	like	like	ADJ
spir-13527	196	43	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	44	minded	minded	ADJ
spir-13527	196	45	individuals	individual	NOUN
spir-13527	196	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	47	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	196	48	the	the	DET
spir-13527	196	49	ability	ability	NOUN
spir-13527	196	50	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	196	51	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	196	52	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	196	53	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	196	54	to	to	PART
spir-13527	196	55	shape	shape	VERB
spir-13527	196	56	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	196	57	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13527	196	58	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	196	59	a	a	DET
spir-13527	196	60	combination	combination	NOUN
spir-13527	196	61	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	196	62	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	196	63	constraints	constraint	NOUN
spir-13527	196	64	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	65	algorithmic	algorithmic	ADJ
spir-13527	196	66	filters	filter	NOUN
spir-13527	196	67	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	68	prioritisation	prioritisation	NOUN
spir-13527	196	69	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	70	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	196	71	personal	personal	ADJ
spir-13527	196	72	preferences	preference	NOUN
spir-13527	196	73	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	74	bakshy	bakshy	PROPN
spir-13527	196	75	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	196	76	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	196	77	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	196	78	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	79	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	196	80	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	196	81	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	197	1	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	197	2	the	the	DET
spir-13527	197	3	supply	supply	NOUN
spir-13527	197	4	side	side	NOUN
spir-13527	197	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	197	6	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	197	7	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	197	8	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	197	9	aided	aid	VERB
spir-13527	197	10	the	the	DET
spir-13527	197	11	success	success	NOUN
spir-13527	197	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	197	13	hyper	hyper	ADJ
spir-13527	197	14	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	197	15	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	197	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	197	17	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	197	18	providing	provide	VERB
spir-13527	197	19	effective	effective	ADJ
spir-13527	197	20	options	option	NOUN
spir-13527	197	21	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	197	22	the	the	DET
spir-13527	197	23	growth	growth	NOUN
spir-13527	197	24	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	197	25	micro	micro	NOUN
spir-13527	197	26	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	197	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	197	28	macro	macro	ADJ
spir-13527	197	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	197	30	audience	audience	NOUN
spir-13527	197	31	niches	niche	NOUN
spir-13527	197	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	1	hyper	hyper	ADJ
spir-13527	198	2	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	198	3	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	198	4	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-13527	198	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	198	6	quasi	quasi	ADJ
spir-13527	198	7	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	198	8	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-13527	198	9	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	198	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	11	mcnair	mcnair	PROPN
spir-13527	198	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	13	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	198	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	16	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	198	17	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	198	18	now	now	ADV
spir-13527	198	19	vying	vie	VERB
spir-13527	198	20	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	198	21	online	online	ADJ
spir-13527	198	22	user	user	NOUN
spir-13527	198	23	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	198	24	alongside	alongside	ADP
spir-13527	198	25	mainstream	mainstream	NOUN
spir-13527	198	26	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	198	27	organisations	organisation	NOUN
spir-13527	198	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	29	often	often	ADV
spir-13527	198	30	flout	flout	VERB
spir-13527	198	31	established	establish	VERB
spir-13527	198	32	ethical	ethical	ADJ
spir-13527	198	33	principles	principle	NOUN
spir-13527	198	34	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	198	35	professional	professional	ADJ
spir-13527	198	36	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	198	37	reporting	reporting	NOUN
spir-13527	198	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	39	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	198	40	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	198	41	some	some	DET
spir-13527	198	42	cases	case	NOUN
spir-13527	198	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	44	deliberately	deliberately	ADV
spir-13527	198	45	publish	publish	VERB
spir-13527	198	46	false	false	ADJ
spir-13527	198	47	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	198	48	misleading	mislead	VERB
spir-13527	198	49	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	198	50	stories	story	NOUN
spir-13527	198	51	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	52	bhat	bhat	PROPN
spir-13527	198	53	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	54	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	198	55	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	198	56	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	199	1	estimating	estimate	VERB
spir-13527	199	2	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	199	3	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	199	4	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	199	5	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	199	6	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	199	7	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	199	8	the	the	DET
spir-13527	199	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	199	10	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	199	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	199	12	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	199	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	199	14	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-13527	199	15	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	199	16	a	a	DET
spir-13527	199	17	classic	classic	ADJ
spir-13527	199	18	topic	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	199	19	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	199	20	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	199	21	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	199	22	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	199	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	1	however	however	ADV
spir-13527	200	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-13527	200	4	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13527	200	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	200	6	classification	classification	NOUN
spir-13527	200	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	8	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	200	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	10	pew	pew	NOUN
spir-13527	200	11	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	200	12	center	center	NOUN
spir-13527	200	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	14	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	200	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	16	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	200	17	costly	costly	ADJ
spir-13527	200	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	19	restrict	restrict	VERB
spir-13527	200	20	the	the	DET
spir-13527	200	21	number	number	NOUN
spir-13527	200	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	200	23	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	200	24	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-13527	200	25	considered	consider	VERB
spir-13527	200	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	200	28	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	200	29	susceptible	susceptible	ADJ
spir-13527	200	30	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	200	31	the	the	DET
spir-13527	200	32	standard	standard	ADJ
spir-13527	200	33	biases	bias	NOUN
spir-13527	200	34	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	200	35	self	self	NOUN
spir-13527	200	36	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	37	reported	report	VERB
spir-13527	200	38	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	200	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	40	haenschen	haenschen	ADV
spir-13527	200	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	42	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	200	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	200	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	201	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-13527	201	2	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	201	3	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	201	4	emerged	emerge	VERB
spir-13527	201	5	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	201	6	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	201	7	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	201	8	to	to	PART
spir-13527	201	9	measure	measure	VERB
spir-13527	201	10	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	201	11	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	201	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	201	13	resulting	result	VERB
spir-13527	201	14	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	201	15	three	three	NUM
spir-13527	201	16	main	main	ADJ
spir-13527	201	17	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	201	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	202	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	202	2	first	first	ADJ
spir-13527	202	3	analyses	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	202	4	textual	textual	ADJ
spir-13527	202	5	content	content	NOUN
spir-13527	202	6	to	to	PART
spir-13527	202	7	estimate	estimate	VERB
spir-13527	202	8	the	the	DET
spir-13527	202	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	202	10	bias	bias	NOUN
spir-13527	202	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	202	12	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	202	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	202	14	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-13527	202	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	202	16	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	202	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	202	18	gentzkow	gentzkow	NOUN
spir-13527	202	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	202	20	shapiro	shapiro	NOUN
spir-13527	202	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	202	22	2010	2010	NUM
spir-13527	202	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	202	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	203	2	second	second	ADJ
spir-13527	203	3	aims	aim	VERB
spir-13527	203	4	to	to	PART
spir-13527	203	5	scale	scale	VERB
spir-13527	203	6	the	the	DET
spir-13527	203	7	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	203	8	leaning	leaning	NOUN
spir-13527	203	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	203	10	various	various	ADJ
spir-13527	203	11	textual	textual	ADJ
spir-13527	203	12	items	item	NOUN
spir-13527	203	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	14	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	203	15	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	203	16	documents	document	NOUN
spir-13527	203	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	18	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	203	19	articles	article	NOUN
spir-13527	203	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	21	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	203	22	blogs	blog	NOUN
spir-13527	203	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	24	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	203	25	semi	semi	ADJ
spir-13527	203	26	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	203	27	automated	automated	ADJ
spir-13527	203	28	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	203	29	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13527	203	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	31	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	203	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	33	laver	laver	X
spir-13527	203	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	35	benoit	benoit	NOUN
spir-13527	203	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	203	38	garry	garry	PROPN
spir-13527	203	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	40	2003	2003	NUM
spir-13527	203	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	203	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	204	1	these	these	DET
spir-13527	204	2	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	204	3	still	still	ADV
spir-13527	204	4	require	require	VERB
spir-13527	204	5	manual	manual	ADJ
spir-13527	204	6	coding	coding	NOUN
spir-13527	204	7	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	204	8	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	204	9	preparation	preparation	NOUN
spir-13527	204	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	204	11	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	204	12	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	204	13	generally	generally	ADV
spir-13527	204	14	deal	deal	VERB
spir-13527	204	15	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	204	16	classification	classification	NOUN
spir-13527	204	17	problems	problem	NOUN
spir-13527	204	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	204	19	use	use	VERB
spir-13527	204	20	semi	semi	ADJ
spir-13527	204	21	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	204	22	automated	automated	ADJ
spir-13527	204	23	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	204	24	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13527	204	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	205	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	205	2	third	third	ADJ
spir-13527	205	3	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	205	4	offers	offer	VERB
spir-13527	205	5	a	a	DET
spir-13527	205	6	more	more	ADV
spir-13527	205	7	efficient	efficient	ADJ
spir-13527	205	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	205	9	unbiased	unbiased	ADJ
spir-13527	205	10	way	way	NOUN
spir-13527	205	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	205	12	classifying	classify	VERB
spir-13527	205	13	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	205	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	205	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	205	16	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	205	17	least	least	ADJ
spir-13527	205	18	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	205	19	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	205	20	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	205	21	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	205	22	entirely	entirely	ADV
spir-13527	205	23	data	data	NOUN
spir-13527	205	24	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	205	25	driven	drive	VERB
spir-13527	205	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	206	1	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	206	2	uses	use	VERB
spir-13527	206	3	automated	automate	VERB
spir-13527	206	4	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13527	206	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	206	6	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	206	7	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	206	8	analysing	analyse	VERB
spir-13527	206	9	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-13527	206	10	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	206	11	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	206	12	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	206	13	leaning	lean	VERB
spir-13527	206	14	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	206	15	following	follow	VERB
spir-13527	206	16	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	206	17	followers	follower	NOUN
spir-13527	206	18	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13527	206	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	206	20	barberá	barberá	NOUN
spir-13527	206	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	206	22	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	206	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	206	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	206	25	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	206	26	classifying	classify	VERB
spir-13527	206	27	the	the	DET
spir-13527	206	28	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	206	29	orientation	orientation	NOUN
spir-13527	206	30	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	206	31	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	206	32	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	206	33	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	206	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	206	35	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	206	36	the	the	DET
spir-13527	206	37	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	206	38	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	206	39	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	206	40	share	share	VERB
spir-13527	206	41	online	online	ADV
spir-13527	206	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	207	1	an	an	DET
spir-13527	207	2	example	example	NOUN
spir-13527	207	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	207	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	207	5	latter	latter	ADJ
spir-13527	207	6	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	207	7	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	207	8	the	the	DET
spir-13527	207	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	207	10	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	207	11	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	207	12	scores	score	NOUN
spir-13527	207	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	207	14	mpas	mpas	PROPN
spir-13527	207	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	207	16	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	207	17	faris	faris	PROPN
spir-13527	207	18	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	207	19	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	207	20	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	207	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	207	22	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	207	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	207	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	208	1	most	most	ADJ
spir-13527	208	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	208	3	these	these	DET
spir-13527	208	4	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	208	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	208	6	however	however	ADV
spir-13527	208	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	208	8	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	208	9	grounded	ground	VERB
spir-13527	208	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	208	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	208	12	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-13527	208	13	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	208	14	bipolar	bipolar	ADJ
spir-13527	208	15	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	208	16	system	system	NOUN
spir-13527	208	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	208	18	unsuitable	unsuitable	ADJ
spir-13527	208	19	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	208	20	a	a	DET
spir-13527	208	21	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13527	208	22	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	208	23	party	party	ADJ
spir-13527	208	24	system	system	NOUN
spir-13527	208	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	1	more	more	ADV
spir-13527	209	2	recently	recently	ADV
spir-13527	209	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	4	faris	faris	PROPN
spir-13527	209	5	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	209	6	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	209	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	8	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	209	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	10	has	have	AUX
spir-13527	209	11	been	be	AUX
spir-13527	209	12	adapted	adapt	VERB
spir-13527	209	13	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	209	14	the	the	DET
spir-13527	209	15	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	209	16	multiparty	multiparty	ADJ
spir-13527	209	17	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	209	18	system	system	NOUN
spir-13527	209	19	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	209	20	the	the	DET
spir-13527	209	21	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	22	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13527	209	23	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	209	24	party	party	ADJ
spir-13527	209	25	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	209	26	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	209	27	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	209	28	score	score	NOUN
spir-13527	209	29	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	30	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	209	31	mp	mp	PROPN
spir-13527	209	32	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	33	mpas	mpas	PROPN
spir-13527	209	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	35	giglietto	giglietto	PROPN
spir-13527	209	36	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	209	37	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	209	38	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	209	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	40	2019a	2019a	NUM
spir-13527	209	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	209	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	210	1	a	a	DET
spir-13527	210	2	wide	wide	ADJ
spir-13527	210	3	range	range	NOUN
spir-13527	210	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	210	5	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	210	6	has	have	AUX
spir-13527	210	7	been	be	AUX
spir-13527	210	8	conducted	conduct	VERB
spir-13527	210	9	to	to	PART
spir-13527	210	10	better	well	ADV
spir-13527	210	11	understand	understand	VERB
spir-13527	210	12	the	the	DET
spir-13527	210	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
spir-13527	210	14	posed	pose	VERB
spir-13527	210	15	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	210	16	this	this	DET
spir-13527	210	17	transformation	transformation	NOUN
spir-13527	210	18	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	210	19	modern	modern	ADJ
spir-13527	210	20	liberal	liberal	ADJ
spir-13527	210	21	democracies	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	210	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	210	23	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	210	24	the	the	DET
spir-13527	210	25	goal	goal	NOUN
spir-13527	210	26	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	210	27	estimating	estimate	VERB
spir-13527	210	28	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	210	29	consumption	consumption	NOUN
spir-13527	210	30	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	210	31	both	both	DET
spir-13527	210	32	legacy	legacy	NOUN
spir-13527	210	33	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	210	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	210	35	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	210	36	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	210	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	210	38	assessing	assess	VERB
spir-13527	210	39	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	210	40	effect	effect	NOUN
spir-13527	210	41	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	210	42	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	210	43	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	210	44	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	210	45	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	210	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	211	1	this	this	DET
spir-13527	211	2	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	211	3	contributes	contribute	VERB
spir-13527	211	4	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	211	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	211	6	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	211	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	211	8	examining	examine	VERB
spir-13527	211	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	211	10	case	case	NOUN
spir-13527	211	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	211	12	the	the	DET
spir-13527	211	13	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	211	14	general	general	ADJ
spir-13527	211	15	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	211	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	211	17	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	211	18	was	be	AUX
spir-13527	211	19	held	hold	VERB
spir-13527	211	20	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	211	21	september	september	PROPN
spir-13527	211	22	25	25	NUM
spir-13527	211	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	211	24	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	211	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	212	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	212	2	analyse	analyse	VERB
spir-13527	212	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	212	4	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	212	5	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	212	6	around	around	ADP
spir-13527	212	7	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	212	8	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	212	9	produced	produce	VERB
spir-13527	212	10	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	212	11	15	15	NUM
spir-13527	212	12	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	212	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	212	14	pages	page	NOUN
spir-13527	212	15	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	212	16	the	the	DET
spir-13527	212	17	lead	lead	NOUN
spir-13527	212	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	212	19	up	up	NOUN
spir-13527	212	20	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	212	21	the	the	DET
spir-13527	212	22	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	212	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	212	24	extract	extract	VERB
spir-13527	212	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	212	26	main	main	ADJ
spir-13527	212	27	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	212	28	discussed	discuss	VERB
spir-13527	212	29	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	212	30	these	these	DET
spir-13527	212	31	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	212	32	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	212	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	213	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	213	2	addition	addition	NOUN
spir-13527	213	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	213	4	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	213	5	study	study	NOUN
spir-13527	213	6	repurposes	repurpose	VERB
spir-13527	213	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	213	8	original	original	ADJ
spir-13527	213	9	mp	mp	PROPN
spir-13527	213	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	213	11	mpas	mpas	PROPN
spir-13527	213	12	technique	technique	NOUN
spir-13527	213	13	to	to	PART
spir-13527	213	14	measure	measure	VERB
spir-13527	213	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	213	16	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	213	17	dedicated	dedicate	VERB
spir-13527	213	18	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	213	19	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	213	20	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	213	21	online	online	ADJ
spir-13527	213	22	communities	community	NOUN
spir-13527	213	23	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	213	24	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	213	25	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	213	26	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	213	27	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	213	28	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	213	29	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-13527	213	30	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	213	31	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	213	32	a	a	DET
spir-13527	213	33	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13527	213	34	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	213	35	party	party	ADJ
spir-13527	213	36	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	213	37	system	system	NOUN
spir-13527	213	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	213	39	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	213	40	the	the	DET
spir-13527	213	41	goal	goal	NOUN
spir-13527	213	42	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	213	43	examining	examine	VERB
spir-13527	213	44	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	213	45	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	213	46	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	213	47	consumption	consumption	NOUN
spir-13527	213	48	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	213	49	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	213	50	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	213	51	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	214	1	this	this	DET
spir-13527	214	2	work	work	NOUN
spir-13527	214	3	aims	aim	VERB
spir-13527	214	4	to	to	PART
spir-13527	214	5	map	map	VERB
spir-13527	214	6	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	214	7	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	214	8	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	214	9	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	214	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	214	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	214	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	214	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	214	14	turn	turn	NOUN
spir-13527	214	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	214	16	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	214	17	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	214	18	score	score	NOUN
spir-13527	214	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	214	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	214	21	finally	finally	ADV
spir-13527	214	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	214	23	to	to	PART
spir-13527	214	24	measure	measure	VERB
spir-13527	214	25	the	the	DET
spir-13527	214	26	alignment	alignment	NOUN
spir-13527	214	27	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	214	28	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	214	29	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	214	30	score	score	NOUN
spir-13527	214	31	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	214	32	media	media	NOUN
spir-13527	214	33	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	214	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	214	35	prevalent	prevalent	ADJ
spir-13527	214	36	party	party	NOUN
spir-13527	214	37	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	214	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	215	1	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13527	215	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	215	3	mp	mp	PROPN
spir-13527	215	4	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	215	5	mpas	mpas	PROPN
spir-13527	215	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	215	7	openai	openai	VERB
spir-13527	215	8	powered	powered	ADJ
spir-13527	215	9	topic	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	215	10	clustering	cluster	VERB
spir-13527	215	11	this	this	DET
spir-13527	215	12	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	215	13	implements	implement	VERB
spir-13527	215	14	an	an	DET
spir-13527	215	15	original	original	ADJ
spir-13527	215	16	combination	combination	NOUN
spir-13527	215	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	215	18	two	two	NUM
spir-13527	215	19	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-13527	215	20	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	215	21	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	215	22	the	the	DET
spir-13527	215	23	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13527	215	24	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	215	25	party	party	ADJ
spir-13527	215	26	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	215	27	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	215	28	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	215	29	score	score	NOUN
spir-13527	215	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	215	31	mp	mp	NOUN
spir-13527	215	32	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	215	33	mpas	mpas	PROPN
spir-13527	215	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	215	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	215	36	the	the	DET
spir-13527	215	37	openai	openai	NOUN
spir-13527	215	38	powered	power	VERB
spir-13527	215	39	topic	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	215	40	clustering	clustering	NOUN
spir-13527	215	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	1	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	216	2	regards	regard	NOUN
spir-13527	216	3	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	216	4	mp	mp	PROPN
spir-13527	216	5	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	6	mpas	mpas	PROPN
spir-13527	216	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	8	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	216	9	general	general	ADJ
spir-13527	216	10	idea	idea	NOUN
spir-13527	216	11	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	12	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	216	13	to	to	PART
spir-13527	216	14	categorize	categorize	VERB
spir-13527	216	15	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	216	16	first	first	ADV
spir-13527	216	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	18	based	base	VERB
spir-13527	216	19	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	216	20	the	the	DET
spir-13527	216	21	proportion	proportion	NOUN
spir-13527	216	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	216	23	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	216	24	retweets	retweet	NOUN
spir-13527	216	25	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	216	27	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	216	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	29	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	216	30	turn	turn	NOUN
spir-13527	216	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	32	the	the	DET
spir-13527	216	33	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	216	34	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	216	35	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	216	36	shared	share	VERB
spir-13527	216	37	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	39	giglietto	giglietto	NOUN
spir-13527	216	40	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	216	41	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	216	42	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	216	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	44	2019a	2019a	NUM
spir-13527	216	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	46	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13527	216	47	90	90	NUM
spir-13527	216	48	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	216	49	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	217	1	this	this	DET
spir-13527	217	2	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	217	3	has	have	AUX
spir-13527	217	4	already	already	ADV
spir-13527	217	5	been	be	AUX
spir-13527	217	6	shown	show	VERB
spir-13527	217	7	to	to	PART
spir-13527	217	8	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	217	9	capable	capable	ADJ
spir-13527	217	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	217	11	shedding	shed	VERB
spir-13527	217	12	light	light	NOUN
spir-13527	217	13	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	217	14	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	217	15	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	217	16	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
spir-13527	217	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	217	18	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	217	19	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	217	20	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	217	21	giglietto	giglietto	NOUN
spir-13527	217	22	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	217	23	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	217	24	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	217	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	217	26	2019b	2019b	NUM
spir-13527	217	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	217	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	218	1	to	to	PART
spir-13527	218	2	calculate	calculate	VERB
spir-13527	218	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	218	4	mp	mp	PROPN
spir-13527	218	5	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	218	6	mpas	mpas	PROPN
spir-13527	218	7	score	score	NOUN
spir-13527	218	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	218	9	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	218	10	collected	collect	VERB
spir-13527	218	11	509,219	509,219	NUM
spir-13527	218	12	retweets	retweet	NOUN
spir-13527	218	13	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	218	14	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	218	15	accounts	account	NOUN
spir-13527	218	16	the	the	DET
spir-13527	218	17	month	month	NOUN
spir-13527	218	18	before	before	ADP
spir-13527	218	19	the	the	DET
spir-13527	218	20	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	218	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	218	22	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	218	23	extracted	extract	VERB
spir-13527	218	24	146,596	146,596	NUM
spir-13527	218	25	links	link	NOUN
spir-13527	218	26	shared	share	VERB
spir-13527	218	27	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	218	28	the	the	DET
spir-13527	218	29	5,776	5,776	NUM
spir-13527	218	30	most	most	ADV
spir-13527	218	31	active	active	ADJ
spir-13527	218	32	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	218	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	219	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	219	2	method	method	NOUN
spir-13527	219	3	yielded	yield	VERB
spir-13527	219	4	a	a	DET
spir-13527	219	5	measure	measure	NOUN
spir-13527	219	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	219	7	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	219	8	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	219	9	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	219	10	1,354	1,354	NUM
spir-13527	219	11	domains	domain	NOUN
spir-13527	219	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	219	13	including	include	VERB
spir-13527	219	14	15	15	NUM
spir-13527	219	15	prominent	prominent	ADJ
spir-13527	219	16	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	219	17	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	219	18	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-13527	219	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	219	20	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	219	21	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	219	22	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	219	23	focused	focus	VERB
spir-13527	219	24	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	219	25	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
spir-13527	219	26	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	219	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	220	1	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	220	2	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	220	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	220	4	main	main	ADJ
spir-13527	220	5	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	220	6	discussed	discuss	VERB
spir-13527	220	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	220	8	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	220	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	220	10	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	220	11	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	220	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	220	13	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	220	14	analysed	analyse	VERB
spir-13527	220	15	all	all	DET
spir-13527	220	16	the	the	DET
spir-13527	220	17	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	220	18	published	publish	VERB
spir-13527	220	19	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	220	20	the	the	DET
spir-13527	220	21	official	official	ADJ
spir-13527	220	22	page	page	NOUN
spir-13527	220	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	220	24	the	the	DET
spir-13527	220	25	15	15	NUM
spir-13527	220	26	selected	select	VERB
spir-13527	220	27	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	220	28	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	220	29	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-13527	220	30	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	220	31	july	july	PROPN
spir-13527	220	32	21	21	NUM
spir-13527	220	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	220	34	september	september	PROPN
spir-13527	220	35	25	25	NUM
spir-13527	220	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	220	37	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	220	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	220	39	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	220	40	several	several	ADJ
spir-13527	220	41	techniques	technique	NOUN
spir-13527	220	42	powered	power	VERB
spir-13527	220	43	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	220	44	the	the	DET
spir-13527	220	45	openai	openai	PROPN
spir-13527	220	46	language	language	NOUN
spir-13527	220	47	models	model	NOUN
spir-13527	220	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	221	1	to	to	PART
spir-13527	221	2	begin	begin	VERB
spir-13527	221	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	221	4	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	221	5	fine	fine	ADV
spir-13527	221	6	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	221	7	tuned	tune	VERB
spir-13527	221	8	openai	openai	PROPN
spir-13527	221	9	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	221	10	ada	ada	PROPN
spir-13527	221	11	model	model	PROPN
spir-13527	221	12	to	to	PART
spir-13527	221	13	carry	carry	VERB
spir-13527	221	14	out	out	ADP
spir-13527	221	15	a	a	DET
spir-13527	221	16	binary	binary	ADJ
spir-13527	221	17	classification	classification	NOUN
spir-13527	221	18	task	task	NOUN
spir-13527	221	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	221	20	enabling	enable	VERB
spir-13527	221	21	the	the	DET
spir-13527	221	22	differentiation	differentiation	NOUN
spir-13527	221	23	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	221	24	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	221	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	221	26	non	non	ADJ
spir-13527	221	27	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	221	28	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	221	29	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	221	30	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	221	31	a	a	DET
spir-13527	221	32	high	high	ADJ
spir-13527	221	33	level	level	NOUN
spir-13527	221	34	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	221	35	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
spir-13527	221	36	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	221	37	f1	f1	NOUN
spir-13527	221	38	score	score	NOUN
spir-13527	221	39	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	221	40	0.97	0.97	NUM
spir-13527	221	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	221	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	222	1	overall	overall	ADV
spir-13527	222	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	222	3	a	a	DET
spir-13527	222	4	total	total	NOUN
spir-13527	222	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	222	6	14,146	14,146	NUM
spir-13527	222	7	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	222	8	were	be	AUX
spir-13527	222	9	subjected	subject	VERB
spir-13527	222	10	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	222	11	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	222	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	222	13	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	222	14	12,604	12,604	NUM
spir-13527	222	15	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	222	16	categorised	categorise	VERB
spir-13527	222	17	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	222	18	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	222	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	223	1	to	to	PART
spir-13527	223	2	retrieve	retrieve	VERB
spir-13527	223	3	a	a	DET
spir-13527	223	4	1536dimensional	1536dimensional	ADJ
spir-13527	223	5	vector	vector	NOUN
spir-13527	223	6	document	document	NOUN
spir-13527	223	7	embedding	embed	VERB
spir-13527	223	8	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	223	9	each	each	DET
spir-13527	223	10	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	223	11	post	post	NOUN
spir-13527	223	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	223	13	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	223	14	utilised	utilise	VERB
spir-13527	223	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	223	16	"	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	223	17	textembedding	textembedde	VERB
spir-13527	223	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	223	19	ada-002	ada-002	NOUN
spir-13527	223	20	"	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	223	21	model	model	NOUN
spir-13527	223	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	224	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	224	2	document	document	NOUN
spir-13527	224	3	embedding	embed	VERB
spir-13527	224	4	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	224	5	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	224	6	a	a	DET
spir-13527	224	7	natural	natural	ADJ
spir-13527	224	8	language	language	NOUN
spir-13527	224	9	processing	processing	NOUN
spir-13527	224	10	technique	technique	NOUN
spir-13527	224	11	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	224	12	involves	involve	VERB
spir-13527	224	13	representing	represent	VERB
spir-13527	224	14	textual	textual	ADJ
spir-13527	224	15	documents	document	NOUN
spir-13527	224	16	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	224	17	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	224	18	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	224	19	case	case	NOUN
spir-13527	224	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	224	21	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	224	22	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	224	23	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	224	24	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	224	25	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	224	26	dense	dense	ADJ
spir-13527	224	27	vectors	vector	NOUN
spir-13527	224	28	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	224	29	a	a	DET
spir-13527	224	30	high	high	ADJ
spir-13527	224	31	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	224	32	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
spir-13527	224	33	space	space	NOUN
spir-13527	224	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	225	1	lastly	lastly	ADV
spir-13527	225	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	225	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	225	4	utilised	utilise	VERB
spir-13527	225	5	k	k	PROPN
spir-13527	225	6	means	mean	VERB
spir-13527	225	7	cluster	cluster	NOUN
spir-13527	225	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	225	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	225	10	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	225	11	auto	auto	NOUN
spir-13527	225	12	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	225	13	topic	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	225	14	labelling	labelling	NOUN
spir-13527	225	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	225	16	text	text	NOUN
spir-13527	225	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	225	18	davinci-003	davinci-003	NOUN
spir-13527	225	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	225	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	225	21	to	to	PART
spir-13527	225	22	identify	identify	VERB
spir-13527	225	23	the	the	DET
spir-13527	225	24	salient	salient	ADJ
spir-13527	225	25	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	225	26	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	225	27	emerged	emerge	VERB
spir-13527	225	28	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	225	29	the	the	DET
spir-13527	225	30	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	225	31	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	225	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	226	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	226	2	successfully	successfully	ADV
spir-13527	226	3	identified	identify	VERB
spir-13527	226	4	94	94	NUM
spir-13527	226	5	clusters	cluster	NOUN
spir-13527	226	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	226	7	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	226	8	allowed	allow	VERB
spir-13527	226	9	us	we	PRON
spir-13527	226	10	to	to	PART
spir-13527	226	11	group	group	VERB
spir-13527	226	12	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-13527	226	13	posts	post	NOUN
spir-13527	226	14	together	together	ADV
spir-13527	226	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	226	16	allocate	allocate	VERB
spir-13527	226	17	labels	label	NOUN
spir-13527	226	18	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	226	19	each	each	DET
spir-13527	226	20	cluster	cluster	NOUN
spir-13527	226	21	based	base	VERB
spir-13527	226	22	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	226	23	the	the	DET
spir-13527	226	24	most	most	ADV
spir-13527	226	25	frequently	frequently	ADV
spir-13527	226	26	occurring	occur	VERB
spir-13527	226	27	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	226	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	227	1	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
spir-13527	227	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	227	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	227	4	mapped	map	VERB
spir-13527	227	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	227	6	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	227	7	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	227	8	score	score	NOUN
spir-13527	227	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	227	10	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	227	11	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	227	12	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	227	13	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	227	14	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
spir-13527	227	15	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-13527	227	16	pages	page	NOUN
spir-13527	227	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	227	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	227	19	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	227	20	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	227	21	the	the	DET
spir-13527	227	22	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-13527	227	23	topical	topical	ADJ
spir-13527	227	24	clusters	cluster	NOUN
spir-13527	227	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	228	1	this	this	DET
spir-13527	228	2	process	process	NOUN
spir-13527	228	3	allowed	allow	VERB
spir-13527	228	4	us	we	PRON
spir-13527	228	5	to	to	PART
spir-13527	228	6	gauge	gauge	VERB
spir-13527	228	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	228	8	level	level	NOUN
spir-13527	228	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	228	10	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	228	11	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	228	12	devoted	devote	VERB
spir-13527	228	13	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	228	14	each	each	PRON
spir-13527	228	15	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	228	16	the	the	DET
spir-13527	228	17	identified	identify	VERB
spir-13527	228	18	topical	topical	ADJ
spir-13527	228	19	clusters	cluster	NOUN
spir-13527	228	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	228	21	to	to	PART
spir-13527	228	22	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
spir-13527	228	23	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	228	24	insular	insular	ADJ
spir-13527	228	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	228	26	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-13527	228	27	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	228	28	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	228	29	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	228	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	229	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13527	229	2	based	base	VERB
spir-13527	229	3	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	229	4	a	a	DET
spir-13527	229	5	single	single	ADJ
spir-13527	229	6	national	national	ADJ
spir-13527	229	7	context	context	NOUN
spir-13527	229	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	229	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	229	10	results	result	NOUN
spir-13527	229	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	229	12	this	this	DET
spir-13527	229	13	study	study	NOUN
spir-13527	229	14	offer	offer	VERB
spir-13527	229	15	useful	useful	ADJ
spir-13527	229	16	insights	insight	NOUN
spir-13527	229	17	into	into	ADP
spir-13527	229	18	the	the	DET
spir-13527	229	19	role	role	NOUN
spir-13527	229	20	played	play	VERB
spir-13527	229	21	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	229	22	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	229	23	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	229	24	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	229	25	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	229	26	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	229	27	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	229	28	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	229	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	229	30	which	which	PRON
spir-13527	229	31	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	229	32	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
spir-13527	229	33	used	use	VERB
spir-13527	229	34	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	229	35	a	a	DET
spir-13527	229	36	meeting	meeting	NOUN
spir-13527	229	37	/	/	SYM
spir-13527	229	38	clash	clash	NOUN
spir-13527	229	39	space	space	NOUN
spir-13527	229	40	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	229	41	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	229	42	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	229	43	communities	community	NOUN
spir-13527	229	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	229	45	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13527	229	46	other	other	ADJ
spir-13527	229	47	times	time	NOUN
spir-13527	229	48	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	229	49	act	act	VERB
spir-13527	229	50	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	229	51	megaphones	megaphone	NOUN
spir-13527	229	52	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	229	53	the	the	DET
spir-13527	229	54	benefit	benefit	NOUN
spir-13527	229	55	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	229	56	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13527	229	57	communities	community	NOUN
spir-13527	229	58	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	230	1	beside	beside	ADP
spir-13527	230	2	these	these	DET
spir-13527	230	3	insights	insight	NOUN
spir-13527	230	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	230	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	230	6	study	study	NOUN
spir-13527	230	7	introduces	introduce	VERB
spir-13527	230	8	an	an	DET
spir-13527	230	9	original	original	ADJ
spir-13527	230	10	method	method	NOUN
spir-13527	230	11	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	230	12	leverage	leverage	VERB
spir-13527	230	13	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	230	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	230	15	traces	trace	NOUN
spir-13527	230	16	to	to	PART
spir-13527	230	17	detect	detect	VERB
spir-13527	230	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	230	19	map	map	VERB
spir-13527	230	20	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	230	21	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-13527	230	22	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	230	23	a	a	DET
spir-13527	230	24	latent	latent	NOUN
spir-13527	230	25	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13527	230	26	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	230	27	dimensional	dimensional	ADJ
spir-13527	230	28	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	230	29	space	space	NOUN
spir-13527	230	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	231	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13527	231	2	bakshy	bakshy	PROPN
spir-13527	231	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	231	4	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13527	231	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	231	6	messing	messing	NOUN
spir-13527	231	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	231	8	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13527	231	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	231	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	231	11	adamic	adamic	PROPN
spir-13527	231	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	231	13	l.a	l.a	PROPN
spir-13527	231	14	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	231	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	231	16	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	231	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	231	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	232	1	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-13527	232	2	to	to	PART
spir-13527	232	3	ideologically	ideologically	ADV
spir-13527	232	4	diverse	diverse	VERB
spir-13527	232	5	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	232	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	232	7	opinion	opinion	NOUN
spir-13527	232	8	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	232	9	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	232	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	233	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	233	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	233	3	348	348	NUM
spir-13527	233	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	233	5	6239	6239	NUM
spir-13527	233	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	233	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	233	8	1130	1130	NUM
spir-13527	233	9	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	233	10	1132	1132	NUM
spir-13527	233	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	234	1	barberá	barberá	NOUN
spir-13527	234	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	234	3	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13527	234	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	234	5	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	234	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	234	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	235	1	birds	bird	NOUN
spir-13527	235	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	235	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	235	4	same	same	ADJ
spir-13527	235	5	feather	feather	NOUN
spir-13527	235	6	tweet	tweet	NOUN
spir-13527	235	7	together	together	ADV
spir-13527	235	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	235	9	bayesian	bayesian	NOUN
spir-13527	235	10	ideal	ideal	NOUN
spir-13527	235	11	point	point	NOUN
spir-13527	235	12	estimation	estimation	NOUN
spir-13527	235	13	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	235	14	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-13527	235	15	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	235	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	236	1	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	236	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	236	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	236	4	23	23	NUM
spir-13527	236	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	236	6	1	1	NUM
spir-13527	236	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	236	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	236	9	76	76	NUM
spir-13527	236	10	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	236	11	91	91	NUM
spir-13527	236	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	237	1	benkler	benkler	NOUN
spir-13527	237	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	237	3	y.	y.	PROPN
spir-13527	237	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	237	5	faris	faris	PROPN
spir-13527	237	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	237	7	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13527	237	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	237	9	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	237	10	roberts	roberts	PROPN
spir-13527	237	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	237	12	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-13527	237	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	237	14	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	237	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	237	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	238	1	network	network	NOUN
spir-13527	238	2	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-13527	238	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	238	4	manipulation	manipulation	NOUN
spir-13527	238	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	238	6	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13527	238	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	238	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	238	9	radicalization	radicalization	NOUN
spir-13527	238	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	238	11	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	238	12	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-13527	238	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	239	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-13527	239	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	239	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13527	239	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	240	1	bhat	bhat	PROPN
spir-13527	240	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	240	3	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-13527	240	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	240	5	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	240	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	240	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	241	1	advertisements	advertisement	NOUN
spir-13527	241	2	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	241	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	241	4	age	age	NOUN
spir-13527	241	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	241	6	hyper	hyper	ADJ
spir-13527	241	7	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	241	8	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	241	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	241	10	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	241	11	breitbart	breitbart	PROPN
spir-13527	241	12	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	241	13	#	#	SYM
spir-13527	241	14	dumpkelloggs	dumpkellogg	NOUN
spir-13527	241	15	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	241	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	242	2	gutsche	gutsche	PROPN
spir-13527	242	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	4	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13527	242	5	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13527	242	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	7	eds	eds	PROPN
spir-13527	242	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	242	12	trump	trump	NOUN
spir-13527	242	13	presidency	presidency	NOUN
spir-13527	242	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	15	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13527	242	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	242	18	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	242	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	20	192	192	NUM
spir-13527	242	21	-	-	NUM
spir-13527	242	22	205	205	NUM
spir-13527	242	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	242	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	243	1	routledge	routledge	PROPN
spir-13527	243	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	244	1	bruns	bruns	PROPN
spir-13527	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	244	3	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	244	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	244	5	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	244	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	244	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	245	1	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	245	2	filter	filter	NOUN
spir-13527	245	3	bubbles	bubble	NOUN
spir-13527	245	4	real	real	ADJ
spir-13527	245	5	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	246	1	john	john	PROPN
spir-13527	246	2	wiley	wiley	PROPN
spir-13527	246	3	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	246	4	sons	son	NOUN
spir-13527	246	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	1	faris	faris	PROPN
spir-13527	247	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	3	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-13527	247	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	5	roberts	roberts	PROPN
spir-13527	247	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	7	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-13527	247	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	9	etling	etling	PROPN
spir-13527	247	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	11	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	247	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	13	bourassa	bourassa	PROPN
spir-13527	247	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	15	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13527	247	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	17	zuckerman	zuckerman	PROPN
spir-13527	247	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	19	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13527	247	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	21	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	247	22	benkler	benkler	NOUN
spir-13527	247	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	24	y.	y.	PROPN
spir-13527	247	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	26	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	247	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	247	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	248	1	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	248	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	248	3	propaganda	propaganda	NOUN
spir-13527	248	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	248	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	248	6	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-13527	248	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	248	8	online	online	ADJ
spir-13527	248	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	248	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	248	11	the	the	DET
spir-13527	248	12	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	248	13	us	us	PROPN
spir-13527	248	14	presidential	presidential	ADJ
spir-13527	248	15	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	248	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	249	1	berkman	berkman	PROPN
spir-13527	249	2	klein	klein	PROPN
spir-13527	249	3	center	center	PROPN
spir-13527	249	4	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	249	5	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-13527	249	6	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	249	7	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	249	8	6	6	NUM
spir-13527	249	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	249	10	https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3019414	https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3019414	PROPN
spir-13527	249	11	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	249	12	gentzkow	gentzkow	PROPN
spir-13527	249	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	249	14	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	249	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	249	16	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	249	17	shapiro	shapiro	PROPN
spir-13527	249	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	249	19	j.m	j.m	PROPN
spir-13527	249	20	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	249	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	249	22	2010	2010	NUM
spir-13527	249	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	249	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	250	1	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	250	2	drives	drive	VERB
spir-13527	250	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	250	4	slant	slant	NOUN
spir-13527	250	5	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	251	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-13527	251	2	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	251	3	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-13527	251	4	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	251	5	daily	daily	ADJ
spir-13527	251	6	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN
spir-13527	251	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	252	1	econometrica	econometrica	PROPN
spir-13527	252	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	252	3	78	78	NUM
spir-13527	252	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	252	5	1	1	NUM
spir-13527	252	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	252	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	252	8	35	35	NUM
spir-13527	252	9	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	252	10	71	71	NUM
spir-13527	252	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	1	giglietto	giglietto	PROPN
spir-13527	253	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	3	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13527	253	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	5	righetti	righetti	PROPN
spir-13527	253	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	7	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13527	253	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	9	marino	marino	PROPN
spir-13527	253	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	11	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	253	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	13	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	253	14	rossi	rossi	PROPN
spir-13527	253	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	16	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13527	253	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	18	2019a	2019a	NUM
spir-13527	253	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	253	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	254	1	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-13527	254	2	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	254	3	party	party	ADJ
spir-13527	254	4	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	254	5	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	254	6	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	254	7	score	score	NOUN
spir-13527	254	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	254	9	estimating	estimate	VERB
spir-13527	254	10	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	254	11	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	254	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	254	13	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	254	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	254	15	sources	source	NOUN
spir-13527	254	16	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	254	17	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-13527	254	18	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	254	19	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	254	20	the	the	DET
spir-13527	254	21	lead	lead	NOUN
spir-13527	254	22	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	254	23	up	up	NOUN
spir-13527	254	24	to	to	PART
spir-13527	254	25	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	254	26	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	254	27	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	254	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	255	1	comunicazione	comunicazione	PROPN
spir-13527	255	2	politica	politica	PROPN
spir-13527	255	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	255	4	20(1	20(1	NUM
spir-13527	255	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	255	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	255	7	85	85	NUM
spir-13527	255	8	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	255	9	108	108	NUM
spir-13527	255	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	1	giglietto	giglietto	PROPN
spir-13527	256	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	3	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13527	256	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	5	valeriani	valeriani	PROPN
spir-13527	256	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	7	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	256	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	9	righetti	righetti	PROPN
spir-13527	256	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	11	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13527	256	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	13	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	256	14	marino	marino	PROPN
spir-13527	256	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	16	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	256	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	18	2019b	2019b	NUM
spir-13527	256	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	256	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	257	1	diverging	diverge	VERB
spir-13527	257	2	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	257	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	257	4	interaction	interaction	NOUN
spir-13527	257	5	around	around	ADP
spir-13527	257	6	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	257	7	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	257	8	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	257	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	257	10	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	257	11	insularity	insularity	NOUN
spir-13527	257	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	257	13	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	257	14	during	during	ADP
spir-13527	257	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	257	16	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	257	17	https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3019414	https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3019414	PROPN
spir-13527	257	18	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	257	19	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	257	20	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	257	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	258	1	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	258	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	258	3	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	258	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	258	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-13527	258	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	258	7	22(11	22(11	NUM
spir-13527	258	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	258	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	258	10	16101629	16101629	NUM
spir-13527	258	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	259	1	haenschen	haenschen	ADV
spir-13527	259	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	259	3	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13527	259	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	259	5	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	259	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	259	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	260	1	self	self	NOUN
spir-13527	260	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	260	3	reported	report	VERB
spir-13527	260	4	versus	versus	ADP
spir-13527	260	5	digitally	digitally	ADV
spir-13527	260	6	recorded	record	VERB
spir-13527	260	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	260	8	measuring	measure	VERB
spir-13527	260	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	260	10	activity	activity	NOUN
spir-13527	260	11	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	260	12	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-13527	260	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	261	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	261	2	science	science	PROPN
spir-13527	261	3	computer	computer	PROPN
spir-13527	261	4	review	review	PROPN
spir-13527	261	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	261	6	january	january	PROPN
spir-13527	261	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	261	8	https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0894439318813586	https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0894439318813586	PROPN
spir-13527	261	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	261	10	katsambekis	katsambekis	PROPN
spir-13527	261	11	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	261	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	261	13	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	261	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	261	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	262	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	262	2	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-13527	262	3	surge	surge	NOUN
spir-13527	262	4	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	262	5	post	post	ADJ
spir-13527	262	6	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	262	7	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	262	8	times	time	NOUN
spir-13527	262	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	262	10	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
spir-13527	262	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	262	12	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	262	13	challenges	challenge	NOUN
spir-13527	262	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	263	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	263	2	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	263	3	quarterly	quarterly	NOUN
spir-13527	263	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	264	1	88(2	88(2	NUM
spir-13527	264	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	264	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	265	1	pp	pp	ADP
spir-13527	265	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	266	1	202	202	NUM
spir-13527	266	2	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	266	3	210	210	NUM
spir-13527	266	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	267	1	laver	laver	X
spir-13527	267	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	267	3	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	267	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	267	5	benoit	benoit	NOUN
spir-13527	267	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	267	7	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13527	267	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	267	9	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	267	10	garry	garry	PROPN
spir-13527	267	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	267	12	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	267	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	267	14	2003	2003	NUM
spir-13527	267	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	267	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	268	1	extracting	extract	VERB
spir-13527	268	2	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13527	268	3	positions	position	NOUN
spir-13527	268	4	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	268	5	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	268	6	texts	text	NOUN
spir-13527	268	7	using	use	VERB
spir-13527	268	8	words	word	NOUN
spir-13527	268	9	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	268	10	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	268	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	269	1	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	269	2	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	269	3	science	science	PROPN
spir-13527	269	4	review	review	NOUN
spir-13527	269	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	269	6	97	97	NUM
spir-13527	269	7	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	269	8	2	2	NUM
spir-13527	269	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	269	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	269	11	311	311	NUM
spir-13527	269	12	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	269	13	331	331	NUM
spir-13527	269	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	270	1	lazarsfeld	lazarsfeld	PROPN
spir-13527	270	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	270	3	p.f	p.f	PROPN
spir-13527	270	4	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	270	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	270	6	berelson	berelson	PROPN
spir-13527	270	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	270	8	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	270	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	270	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	270	11	gaudet	gaudet	PROPN
spir-13527	270	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	270	13	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-13527	270	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	270	15	1968	1968	NUM
spir-13527	270	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	270	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	271	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	271	2	people	people	NOUN
spir-13527	271	3	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	271	4	choice	choice	NOUN
spir-13527	271	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	271	6	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	271	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	271	8	voter	voter	NOUN
spir-13527	271	9	makes	make	VERB
spir-13527	271	10	up	up	ADP
spir-13527	271	11	his	his	PRON
spir-13527	271	12	mind	mind	NOUN
spir-13527	271	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	271	14	a	a	DET
spir-13527	271	15	presidential	presidential	ADJ
spir-13527	271	16	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	271	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	272	1	columbia	columbia	PROPN
spir-13527	272	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	272	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13527	272	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	273	1	mcnair	mcnair	PROPN
spir-13527	273	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	273	3	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	273	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	273	5	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	273	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	273	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	274	1	after	after	ADP
spir-13527	274	2	objectivity	objectivity	NOUN
spir-13527	274	3	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	275	1	schudson	schudson	PROPN
spir-13527	275	2	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	275	3	sociology	sociology	NOUN
spir-13527	275	4	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	275	5	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13527	275	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	275	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	275	8	era	era	NOUN
spir-13527	275	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	275	10	post	post	NOUN
spir-13527	275	11	-	-	ADJ
spir-13527	275	12	factuality	factuality	ADJ
spir-13527	275	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	276	1	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-13527	276	2	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	276	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	276	4	18	18	NUM
spir-13527	276	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	276	6	10	10	NUM
spir-13527	276	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	276	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	276	9	1318	1318	NUM
spir-13527	276	10	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	276	11	1333	1333	NUM
spir-13527	276	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	277	1	pew	pew	NOUN
spir-13527	277	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	277	3	center	center	NOUN
spir-13527	277	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	277	5	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	277	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	277	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	278	1	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	278	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	278	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	278	4	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	278	5	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
spir-13527	278	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	278	7	italy	italy	PROPN
spir-13527	278	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	278	9	http://www.pewglobal.org/fact-sheet/news-media-and-political-attitudes-in-italy/.	http://www.pewglobal.org/fact-sheet/news-media-and-political-attitudes-in-italy/.	PROPN
spir-13527	278	10	sunstein	sunstein	PROPN
spir-13527	278	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	278	12	c.r	c.r	PROPN
spir-13527	278	13	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	278	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	278	15	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	278	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	278	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	279	1	#	#	SYM
spir-13527	279	2	republic	republic	NOUN
spir-13527	279	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	279	4	divided	divide	VERB
spir-13527	279	5	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	279	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	279	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	279	8	age	age	NOUN
spir-13527	279	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	279	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	279	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	279	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	280	1	princeton	princeton	PROPN
spir-13527	280	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	280	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-13527	280	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	281	1	wojcieszak	wojcieszak	PROPN
spir-13527	281	2	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	281	3	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	281	4	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	281	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	281	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	282	1	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	282	2	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	282	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	283	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	283	2	mazzoleni	mazzoleni	PROPN
spir-13527	283	3	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	283	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	283	5	eds	eds	PROPN
spir-13527	283	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	283	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	283	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	283	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	283	10	international	international	ADJ
spir-13527	283	11	encyclopedia	encyclopedia	NOUN
spir-13527	283	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	283	13	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	283	14	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	283	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	284	1	wiley	wiley	PROPN
spir-13527	284	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	284	3	blackwell	blackwell	PROPN
spir-13527	284	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	285	1	zuckerman	zuckerman	PROPN
spir-13527	285	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	285	3	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13527	285	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	285	5	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	285	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	285	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	286	1	draft	draft	NOUN
spir-13527	286	2	chapter	chapter	NOUN
spir-13527	286	3	1	1	NUM
spir-13527	286	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	286	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	286	6	necessity	necessity	NOUN
spir-13527	286	7	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	286	8	trust	trust	NOUN
spir-13527	286	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	287	1	washington	washington	PROPN
spir-13527	287	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	287	3	dc	dc	PROPN
spir-13527	287	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	287	5	knight	knight	PROPN
spir-13527	287	6	commission	commission	PROPN
spir-13527	287	7	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	287	8	trust	trust	NOUN
spir-13527	287	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	287	10	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	287	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	287	12	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	287	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	287	14	https://medium.com/trustmedia-and-democracy/renewing-americans-trust-b16a63eb5e63	https://medium.com/trustmedia-and-democracy/renewing-americans-trust-b16a63eb5e63	X
spir-13527	287	15	.	.	X
spir-13527	288	1	https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0894439318813586	https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0894439318813586	AUX
spir-13527	288	2	http://www.pewglobal.org/fact-sheet/news-media-and-political-attitudes-in-italy/	http://www.pewglobal.org/fact-sheet/news-media-and-political-attitudes-in-italy/	PROPN
spir-13527	288	3	https://medium.com/trust-media-and-democracy/renewing-americans-trust-b16a63eb5e63	https://medium.com/trust-media-and-democracy/renewing-americans-trust-b16a63eb5e63	PROPN
spir-13527	288	4	https://medium.com/trust-media-and-democracy/renewing-americans-trust-b16a63eb5e63	https://medium.com/trust-media-and-democracy/renewing-americans-trust-b16a63eb5e63	PROPN
spir-13527	288	5	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	288	6	4	4	NUM
spir-13527	288	7	types	type	NOUN
spir-13527	288	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	288	9	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	288	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	288	11	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	288	12	operationalisation	operationalisation	NOUN
spir-13527	288	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	288	14	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	288	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	288	16	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	288	17	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	288	18	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	288	19	axel	axel	PROPN
spir-13527	288	20	bruns	brun	NOUN
spir-13527	288	21	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	288	22	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	288	23	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	288	24	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	288	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	26	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	288	27	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	288	28	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	288	29	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-13527	288	30	tariq	tariq	PROPN
spir-13527	288	31	choucair	choucair	PROPN
spir-13527	288	32	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-13527	288	33	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	288	34	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	288	35	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	288	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	37	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	288	38	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	288	39	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	288	40	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-13527	288	41	katharina	katharina	PROPN
spir-13527	288	42	esau	esau	PROPN
spir-13527	288	43	digital	digital	PROPN
spir-13527	288	44	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	288	45	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	288	46	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	288	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	48	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	288	49	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	288	50	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	288	51	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-13527	288	52	sebastian	sebastian	PROPN
spir-13527	288	53	svegaard	svegaard	VERB
spir-13527	288	54	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	288	55	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	288	56	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	288	57	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	288	58	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	59	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	288	60	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	288	61	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	288	62	technology	technology	PROPN
spir-13527	288	63	samantha	samantha	PROPN
spir-13527	288	64	vilkins	vilkin	VERB
spir-13527	288	65	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	288	66	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	288	67	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	288	68	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-13527	288	69	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	70	queensland	queensland	PROPN
spir-13527	288	71	university	university	PROPN
spir-13527	288	72	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	288	73	technology	technology	NOUN
spir-13527	288	74	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-13527	288	75	apparently	apparently	ADV
spir-13527	288	76	increasing	increase	VERB
spir-13527	288	77	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	288	78	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	288	79	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	288	80	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	81	especially	especially	ADV
spir-13527	288	82	online	online	ADV
spir-13527	288	83	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	84	poses	pose	VERB
spir-13527	288	85	an	an	DET
spir-13527	288	86	urgent	urgent	ADJ
spir-13527	288	87	threat	threat	NOUN
spir-13527	288	88	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	288	89	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-13527	288	90	cohesion	cohesion	NOUN
spir-13527	288	91	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	288	92	many	many	ADJ
spir-13527	288	93	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	288	94	nations	nation	NOUN
spir-13527	288	95	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	96	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	288	97	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	288	98	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	288	99	a	a	DET
spir-13527	288	100	critical	critical	ADJ
spir-13527	288	101	geopolitical	geopolitical	ADJ
spir-13527	288	102	concern	concern	NOUN
spir-13527	288	103	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13527	288	104	actively	actively	ADV
spir-13527	288	105	promoted	promote	VERB
spir-13527	288	106	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	288	107	bad	bad	ADJ
spir-13527	288	108	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	288	109	faith	faith	NOUN
spir-13527	288	110	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	288	111	to	to	PART
spir-13527	288	112	undermine	undermine	VERB
spir-13527	288	113	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13527	288	114	’	’	PART
spir-13527	288	115	trust	trust	NOUN
spir-13527	288	116	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	288	117	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	288	118	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-13527	288	119	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	1	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13527	289	2	not	not	PART
spir-13527	289	3	all	all	DET
spir-13527	289	4	forms	form	NOUN
spir-13527	289	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	289	6	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	289	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	289	8	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	289	9	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	289	10	inherently	inherently	ADV
spir-13527	289	11	pernicious	pernicious	ADJ
spir-13527	289	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	289	13	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	289	14	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	15	milder	mild	ADJ
spir-13527	289	16	forms	form	NOUN
spir-13527	289	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	289	18	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	289	19	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	289	20	motivate	motivate	VERB
spir-13527	289	21	civic	civic	ADJ
spir-13527	289	22	participation	participation	NOUN
spir-13527	289	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	24	constructive	constructive	ADJ
spir-13527	289	25	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	289	26	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-13527	289	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	289	29	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13527	289	30	advancement	advancement	NOUN
spir-13527	289	31	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	32	le	le	X
spir-13527	289	33	bas	bas	X
spir-13527	289	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	35	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	289	36	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	37	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
spir-13527	289	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	39	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	289	40	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	41	mouffe	mouffe	PROPN
spir-13527	289	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	43	1993	1993	NUM
spir-13527	289	44	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	289	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	290	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	290	2	raises	raise	VERB
spir-13527	290	3	complex	complex	ADJ
spir-13527	290	4	questions	question	NOUN
spir-13527	290	5	about	about	ADP
spir-13527	290	6	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13527	290	7	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	290	8	shifts	shift	NOUN
spir-13527	290	9	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	290	10	constructive	constructive	ADJ
spir-13527	290	11	to	to	AUX
spir-13527	290	12	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	290	13	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	290	14	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-13527	290	15	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	290	16	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	290	17	linked	link	VERB
spir-13527	290	18	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	290	19	a	a	DET
spir-13527	290	20	move	move	NOUN
spir-13527	290	21	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	290	22	issue	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	290	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	290	24	based	base	VERB
spir-13527	290	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	290	26	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	290	27	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	290	28	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	290	29	identity	identity	NOUN
spir-13527	290	30	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	290	31	based	base	VERB
spir-13527	290	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	290	33	affective	affective	ADJ
spir-13527	290	34	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	290	35	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	290	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	290	37	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	290	38	what	what	DET
spir-13527	290	39	point	point	NOUN
spir-13527	290	40	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	290	41	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13527	290	42	developments	development	NOUN
spir-13527	290	43	should	should	AUX
spir-13527	290	44	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	290	45	countered	counter	VERB
spir-13527	290	46	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	290	47	active	active	ADJ
spir-13527	290	48	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
spir-13527	290	49	to	to	PART
spir-13527	290	50	depolarise	depolarise	VERB
spir-13527	290	51	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	291	1	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	291	2	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	291	3	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	291	4	provides	provide	VERB
spir-13527	291	5	new	new	ADJ
spir-13527	291	6	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
spir-13527	291	7	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	291	8	studying	study	VERB
spir-13527	291	9	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	291	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	291	11	terms	term	NOUN
spir-13527	291	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	291	13	traceable	traceable	ADJ
spir-13527	291	14	interactions	interaction	NOUN
spir-13527	291	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	291	16	scale	scale	NOUN
spir-13527	291	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	291	18	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13527	291	19	adds	add	VERB
spir-13527	291	20	further	further	ADJ
spir-13527	291	21	complexity	complexity	NOUN
spir-13527	291	22	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	291	23	an	an	DET
spir-13527	291	24	already	already	ADV
spir-13527	291	25	challenging	challenging	ADJ
spir-13527	291	26	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	291	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	292	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	292	2	this	this	DET
spir-13527	292	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	292	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	292	5	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	292	6	draw	draw	VERB
spir-13527	292	7	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	292	8	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13527	292	9	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	292	10	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	292	11	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	292	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	292	13	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	292	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	292	15	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	292	16	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	292	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	292	18	concluding	conclude	VERB
spir-13527	292	19	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	292	20	much	much	ADJ
spir-13527	292	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	292	22	the	the	DET
spir-13527	292	23	extant	extant	ADJ
spir-13527	292	24	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	292	25	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	292	26	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	292	27	without	without	ADP
spir-13527	292	28	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
spir-13527	292	29	conceptualising	conceptualise	VERB
spir-13527	292	30	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	292	31	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	292	32	cf	cf	NOUN
spir-13527	292	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	292	34	kubin	kubin	PROPN
spir-13527	292	35	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	292	36	von	von	PROPN
spir-13527	292	37	sikorski	sikorski	PROPN
spir-13527	292	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	292	39	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	292	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	292	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	293	1	this	this	DET
spir-13527	293	2	lack	lack	NOUN
spir-13527	293	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	293	4	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-13527	293	5	definition	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	293	6	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	293	7	reflective	reflective	ADJ
spir-13527	293	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	293	9	disagreements	disagreement	NOUN
spir-13527	293	10	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	293	11	these	these	DET
spir-13527	293	12	fields	field	NOUN
spir-13527	293	13	about	about	ADP
spir-13527	293	14	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	293	15	counts	count	VERB
spir-13527	293	16	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	293	17	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	293	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	293	19	about	about	ADP
spir-13527	293	20	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	293	21	to	to	PART
spir-13527	293	22	assess	assess	VERB
spir-13527	293	23	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	293	24	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-13527	293	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	293	26	impacts	impact	NOUN
spir-13527	293	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	294	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	294	2	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	294	3	lead	lead	VERB
spir-13527	294	4	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	294	5	substantial	substantial	ADJ
spir-13527	294	6	problems	problem	NOUN
spir-13527	294	7	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13527	294	8	operationalising	operationalise	VERB
spir-13527	294	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	294	10	concept	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	294	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	294	12	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	294	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	294	14	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	294	15	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	294	16	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	294	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	295	1	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	295	2	problems	problem	NOUN
spir-13527	295	3	include	include	VERB
spir-13527	295	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	295	5	conflation	conflation	NOUN
spir-13527	295	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	295	7	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	295	8	forms	form	NOUN
spir-13527	295	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	295	10	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	295	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	295	12	the	the	DET
spir-13527	295	13	unquestioned	unquestioned	ADJ
spir-13527	295	14	adoption	adoption	NOUN
spir-13527	295	15	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	295	16	technologically	technologically	ADV
spir-13527	295	17	determinist	determinist	ADJ
spir-13527	295	18	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	295	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	295	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	295	21	the	the	DET
spir-13527	295	22	overdiagnosis	overdiagnosis	NOUN
spir-13527	295	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	295	24	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	295	25	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	295	26	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	295	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	295	28	static	static	ADJ
spir-13527	295	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	296	1	building	build	VERB
spir-13527	296	2	upon	upon	SCONJ
spir-13527	296	3	existing	exist	VERB
spir-13527	296	4	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13527	296	5	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	296	6	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	296	7	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	296	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	296	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	296	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	296	11	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	296	12	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	296	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	296	14	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	296	15	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13527	296	16	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	296	17	a	a	DET
spir-13527	296	18	better	well	ADJ
spir-13527	296	19	demarcation	demarcation	NOUN
spir-13527	296	20	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	296	21	distinct	distinct	ADJ
spir-13527	296	22	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	296	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	296	24	definitions	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	296	25	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	296	26	the	the	DET
spir-13527	296	27	study	study	NOUN
spir-13527	296	28	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	296	29	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	296	30	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	296	31	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	296	32	a	a	DET
spir-13527	296	33	threat	threat	NOUN
spir-13527	296	34	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	296	35	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	296	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	297	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	297	2	describe	describe	VERB
spir-13527	297	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	297	4	latter	latter	ADJ
spir-13527	297	5	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
spir-13527	297	6	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	297	7	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	297	8	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	297	9	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	297	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	297	11	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	297	12	contradistinction	contradistinction	NOUN
spir-13527	297	13	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	297	14	milder	mild	ADJ
spir-13527	297	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	297	16	more	more	ADV
spir-13527	297	17	benign	benign	ADJ
spir-13527	297	18	forms	form	NOUN
spir-13527	297	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	297	20	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	297	21	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	297	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	298	1	reviewing	review	VERB
spir-13527	298	2	the	the	DET
spir-13527	298	3	diverse	diverse	ADJ
spir-13527	298	4	range	range	NOUN
spir-13527	298	5	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	298	6	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	298	7	types	type	NOUN
spir-13527	298	8	identified	identify	VERB
spir-13527	298	9	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	298	10	the	the	DET
spir-13527	298	11	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-13527	298	12	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	298	13	both	both	DET
spir-13527	298	14	fields	field	NOUN
spir-13527	298	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	298	16	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	298	17	highlight	highlight	VERB
spir-13527	298	18	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	298	19	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	298	20	attributes	attribute	NOUN
spir-13527	298	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	298	22	outline	outline	VERB
spir-13527	298	23	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-13527	298	24	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	298	25	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	298	26	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	298	27	operationalisation	operationalisation	NOUN
spir-13527	298	28	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	298	29	mixed	mixed	ADJ
spir-13527	298	30	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	298	31	methods	method	NOUN
spir-13527	298	32	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	298	33	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	298	34	draws	draw	VERB
spir-13527	298	35	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	298	36	the	the	DET
spir-13527	298	37	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
spir-13527	298	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	298	39	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
spir-13527	298	40	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	298	41	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	298	42	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	298	43	trace	trace	NOUN
spir-13527	298	44	data	datum	NOUN
spir-13527	298	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	299	1	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	299	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	299	3	its	its	PRON
spir-13527	299	4	definitions	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	299	5	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	299	6	has	have	AUX
spir-13527	299	7	gained	gain	VERB
spir-13527	299	8	a	a	DET
spir-13527	299	9	negative	negative	ADJ
spir-13527	299	10	connotation	connotation	NOUN
spir-13527	299	11	due	due	ADP
spir-13527	299	12	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	299	13	widespread	widespread	ADJ
spir-13527	299	14	popular	popular	ADJ
spir-13527	299	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	299	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	299	17	concerns	concern	NOUN
spir-13527	299	18	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	299	19	societies	society	NOUN
spir-13527	299	20	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	299	21	becoming	become	VERB
spir-13527	299	22	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-13527	299	23	divided	divide	VERB
spir-13527	299	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	299	25	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	299	26	polarised	polarise	VERB
spir-13527	299	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	299	28	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	299	29	a	a	DET
spir-13527	299	30	way	way	NOUN
spir-13527	299	31	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	299	32	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	299	33	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	299	34	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	299	35	democracies	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	299	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	300	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	300	2	popular	popular	ADJ
spir-13527	300	3	use	use	NOUN
spir-13527	300	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	300	5	the	the	DET
spir-13527	300	6	term	term	NOUN
spir-13527	300	7	builds	build	VERB
spir-13527	300	8	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	300	9	a	a	DET
spir-13527	300	10	blurry	blurry	ADJ
spir-13527	300	11	definition	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	300	12	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	300	13	encompasses	encompass	VERB
spir-13527	300	14	a	a	DET
spir-13527	300	15	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
spir-13527	300	16	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	300	17	mild	mild	ADJ
spir-13527	300	18	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	300	19	disagreement	disagreement	NOUN
spir-13527	300	20	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	300	21	outright	outright	ADJ
spir-13527	300	22	hostility	hostility	NOUN
spir-13527	300	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	300	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	300	25	often	often	ADV
spir-13527	300	26	carries	carry	VERB
spir-13527	300	27	an	an	DET
spir-13527	300	28	a	a	DET
spir-13527	300	29	priori	priori	ADV
spir-13527	300	30	negative	negative	ADJ
spir-13527	300	31	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	300	32	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	300	33	connotation	connotation	NOUN
spir-13527	300	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	301	1	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	301	2	contrast	contrast	NOUN
spir-13527	301	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	301	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	301	5	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	301	6	sciences	science	NOUN
spir-13527	301	7	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	301	8	historically	historically	ADV
spir-13527	301	9	used	use	VERB
spir-13527	301	10	'	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	301	11	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	301	12	'	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	301	13	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	301	14	a	a	DET
spir-13527	301	15	neutral	neutral	ADJ
spir-13527	301	16	sense	sense	NOUN
spir-13527	301	17	to	to	PART
spir-13527	301	18	refer	refer	VERB
spir-13527	301	19	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	301	20	divisions	division	NOUN
spir-13527	301	21	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	301	22	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-13527	301	23	groups	group	NOUN
spir-13527	301	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	1	these	these	DET
spir-13527	302	2	divisions	division	NOUN
spir-13527	302	3	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	302	4	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	302	5	understood	understand	VERB
spir-13527	302	6	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	302	7	motivated	motivate	VERB
spir-13527	302	8	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	302	9	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	302	10	attributes	attribute	NOUN
spir-13527	302	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	12	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	302	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	14	ideologies	ideology	NOUN
spir-13527	302	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	16	positions	position	NOUN
spir-13527	302	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	18	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	302	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	20	identities	identity	NOUN
spir-13527	302	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	22	values	value	NOUN
spir-13527	302	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	24	affect	affect	VERB
spir-13527	302	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	26	emotions	emotion	NOUN
spir-13527	302	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	29	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	302	30	operating	operate	VERB
spir-13527	302	31	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	302	32	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	302	33	levels	level	NOUN
spir-13527	302	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	35	macro	macro	NOUN
spir-13527	302	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	37	meso	meso	NOUN
spir-13527	302	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	39	micro	micro	NOUN
spir-13527	302	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	302	43	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	302	44	focussing	focusse	VERB
spir-13527	302	45	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	302	46	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	302	47	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-13527	302	48	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	49	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	302	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	51	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-13527	302	52	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	53	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	302	54	parties	party	NOUN
spir-13527	302	55	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	56	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-13527	302	57	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	58	journalists	journalist	NOUN
spir-13527	302	59	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	60	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	302	61	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-13527	302	62	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	302	63	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	303	1	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	303	2	full	full	ADJ
spir-13527	303	3	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	303	4	works	work	VERB
spir-13527	303	5	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	303	6	these	these	DET
spir-13527	303	7	definitions	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	303	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	303	9	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	303	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	303	11	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	303	12	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	303	13	identified	identify	VERB
spir-13527	303	14	attributes	attribute	NOUN
spir-13527	303	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	303	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	303	17	outlines	outline	VERB
spir-13527	303	18	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	303	19	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	303	20	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	303	21	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	303	22	operationalised	operationalise	VERB
spir-13527	303	23	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	303	24	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	303	25	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	303	26	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	303	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	1	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	304	2	instance	instance	NOUN
spir-13527	304	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	4	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	304	5	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	304	6	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	304	7	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	304	8	understood	understand	VERB
spir-13527	304	9	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	304	10	the	the	DET
spir-13527	304	11	distance	distance	NOUN
spir-13527	304	12	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	304	13	positions	position	NOUN
spir-13527	304	14	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	304	15	one	one	NUM
spir-13527	304	16	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	304	17	more	more	ADV
spir-13527	304	18	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13527	304	19	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-13527	304	20	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	304	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	22	dimaggio	dimaggio	PROPN
spir-13527	304	23	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	304	24	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	304	25	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	304	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	27	1996	1996	NUM
spir-13527	304	28	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	29	fiorina	fiorina	PROPN
spir-13527	304	30	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	304	31	abrams	abrams	PROPN
spir-13527	304	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	33	2008	2008	NUM
spir-13527	304	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	35	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	36	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-13527	304	37	definitions	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	304	38	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	304	39	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	304	40	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	304	41	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-13527	304	42	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	304	43	elite	elite	ADJ
spir-13527	304	44	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	304	45	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-13527	304	46	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	304	47	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	304	48	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	304	49	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-13527	304	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	51	capturing	capture	VERB
spir-13527	304	52	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	53	a	a	X
spir-13527	304	54	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	55	the	the	DET
spir-13527	304	56	level	level	NOUN
spir-13527	304	57	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	304	58	agreement	agreement	NOUN
spir-13527	304	59	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	304	60	disagreement	disagreement	NOUN
spir-13527	304	61	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	304	62	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13527	304	63	positions	position	NOUN
spir-13527	304	64	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	304	65	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	304	66	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	304	67	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-13527	304	68	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	304	69	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	70	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	304	71	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	72	b	b	X
spir-13527	304	73	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	304	74	the	the	DET
spir-13527	304	75	placement	placement	NOUN
spir-13527	304	76	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	304	77	a	a	DET
spir-13527	304	78	broader	broad	ADJ
spir-13527	304	79	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	304	80	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
spir-13527	304	81	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	305	1	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	305	2	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	305	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	305	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	305	5	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	305	6	may	may	AUX
spir-13527	305	7	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	305	8	investigated	investigate	VERB
spir-13527	305	9	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	305	10	computational	computational	ADJ
spir-13527	305	11	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	305	12	manual	manual	ADJ
spir-13527	305	13	analyses	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	305	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	305	15	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	305	16	a	a	DET
spir-13527	305	17	diverse	diverse	ADJ
spir-13527	305	18	range	range	NOUN
spir-13527	305	19	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	305	20	mainstream	mainstream	NOUN
spir-13527	305	21	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	305	22	niche	niche	NOUN
spir-13527	305	23	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	305	24	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-13527	305	25	cover	cover	VERB
spir-13527	305	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	305	27	frame	frame	VERB
spir-13527	305	28	the	the	DET
spir-13527	305	29	same	same	ADJ
spir-13527	305	30	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	305	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	305	32	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	305	33	terms	term	NOUN
spir-13527	305	34	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	305	35	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	305	36	language	language	NOUN
spir-13527	305	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	305	38	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-13527	305	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	305	40	sourcing	sourcing	NOUN
spir-13527	305	41	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-13527	305	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	305	43	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	305	44	overall	overall	ADJ
spir-13527	305	45	coverage	coverage	NOUN
spir-13527	305	46	choices	choice	NOUN
spir-13527	305	47	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	305	48	cf	cf	NOUN
spir-13527	305	49	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	306	1	feldman	feldman	PROPN
spir-13527	306	2	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	306	3	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	306	4	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	306	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	306	6	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	306	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	306	8	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	306	9	additionally	additionally	ADV
spir-13527	306	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	306	11	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	306	12	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	306	13	possible	possible	ADJ
spir-13527	306	14	to	to	PART
spir-13527	306	15	trace	trace	VERB
spir-13527	306	16	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	306	17	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	306	18	media	media	NOUN
spir-13527	306	19	users	user	NOUN
spir-13527	306	20	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	306	21	turn	turn	NOUN
spir-13527	306	22	share	share	NOUN
spir-13527	306	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	306	24	engage	engage	VERB
spir-13527	306	25	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	306	26	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	306	27	material	material	NOUN
spir-13527	306	28	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	306	29	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	306	30	own	own	ADJ
spir-13527	306	31	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	306	32	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	306	33	giglietto	giglietto	NOUN
spir-13527	306	34	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	306	35	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	306	36	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	306	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	306	38	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	306	39	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	306	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	307	1	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13527	307	2	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	307	3	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	307	4	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	307	5	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	307	6	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	307	7	understood	understand	VERB
spir-13527	307	8	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	307	9	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-13527	307	10	other	other	ADJ
spir-13527	307	11	than	than	ADP
spir-13527	307	12	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-13527	307	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	1	affective	affective	ADJ
spir-13527	308	2	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	308	3	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	308	4	furthered	further	VERB
spir-13527	308	5	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	308	6	positive	positive	ADJ
spir-13527	308	7	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	308	8	negative	negative	ADJ
spir-13527	308	9	sentiment	sentiment	NOUN
spir-13527	308	10	expressed	express	VERB
spir-13527	308	11	towards	towards	ADP
spir-13527	308	12	members	member	NOUN
spir-13527	308	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	308	14	inand	inand	ADJ
spir-13527	308	15	outgroups	outgroup	NOUN
spir-13527	308	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	17	resulting	result	VERB
spir-13527	308	18	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	308	19	extreme	extreme	ADJ
spir-13527	308	20	cases	case	NOUN
spir-13527	308	21	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	308	22	hatred	hatred	NOUN
spir-13527	308	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	308	24	contempt	contempt	NOUN
spir-13527	308	25	towards	towards	ADP
spir-13527	308	26	outgroups	outgroups	NOUN
spir-13527	308	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	28	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	308	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	30	iyengar	iyengar	NOUN
spir-13527	308	31	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	308	32	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	308	33	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	308	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	35	2012	2012	NUM
spir-13527	308	36	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	37	mason	mason	PROPN
spir-13527	308	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	39	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	308	40	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	41	hobolt	hobolt	PROPN
spir-13527	308	42	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	308	43	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	308	44	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	308	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	46	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	308	47	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	308	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	309	1	some	some	DET
spir-13527	309	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13527	309	3	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	309	4	suggest	suggest	VERB
spir-13527	309	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	309	6	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	309	7	affective	affective	ADJ
spir-13527	309	8	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	309	9	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	309	10	increase	increase	VERB
spir-13527	309	11	even	even	ADV
spir-13527	309	12	while	while	SCONJ
spir-13527	309	13	ideological	ideological	ADJ
spir-13527	309	14	differences	difference	NOUN
spir-13527	309	15	remain	remain	VERB
spir-13527	309	16	static	static	ADJ
spir-13527	309	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	309	18	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	309	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	309	20	iyengar	iyengar	ADJ
spir-13527	309	21	et	et	NOUN
spir-13527	309	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	310	1	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	310	2	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	310	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	310	4	2012	2012	NUM
spir-13527	310	5	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	310	6	lelkes	lelke	NOUN
spir-13527	310	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	310	8	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	310	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	310	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	1	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	311	2	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	311	3	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	311	4	thus	thus	ADV
spir-13527	311	5	defined	define	VERB
spir-13527	311	6	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	311	7	hostility	hostility	NOUN
spir-13527	311	8	towards	towards	ADP
spir-13527	311	9	out	out	ADJ
spir-13527	311	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	11	group	group	NOUN
spir-13527	311	12	members	member	NOUN
spir-13527	311	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	311	15	solidarity	solidarity	NOUN
spir-13527	311	16	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	311	17	one	one	NUM
spir-13527	311	18	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	311	19	own	own	ADJ
spir-13527	311	20	ingroup	ingroup	NOUN
spir-13527	311	21	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	22	notwithstanding	notwithstanding	ADP
spir-13527	311	23	the	the	DET
spir-13527	311	24	limits	limit	NOUN
spir-13527	311	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	311	26	simple	simple	ADJ
spir-13527	311	27	computational	computational	ADJ
spir-13527	311	28	sentiment	sentiment	NOUN
spir-13527	311	29	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	311	30	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	311	31	applied	apply	VERB
spir-13527	311	32	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	311	33	short	short	ADJ
spir-13527	311	34	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	35	form	form	NOUN
spir-13527	311	36	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	311	37	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	311	38	texts	text	NOUN
spir-13527	311	39	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	40	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	311	41	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-13527	311	42	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	311	43	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	311	44	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	311	45	assessed	assess	VERB
spir-13527	311	46	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	311	47	analysed	analyse	VERB
spir-13527	311	48	qualitatively	qualitatively	ADV
spir-13527	311	49	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	311	50	quantitatively	quantitatively	ADV
spir-13527	311	51	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	311	52	a	a	DET
spir-13527	311	53	combination	combination	NOUN
spir-13527	311	54	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	311	55	manual	manual	NOUN
spir-13527	311	56	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	311	57	automated	automate	VERB
spir-13527	311	58	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
spir-13527	311	59	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	311	60	affective	affective	ADJ
spir-13527	311	61	language	language	NOUN
spir-13527	311	62	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	311	63	audiovisual	audiovisual	ADJ
spir-13527	311	64	components	component	NOUN
spir-13527	311	65	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	311	66	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	311	67	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	311	68	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	311	69	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	70	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	311	71	yarchi	yarchi	PROPN
spir-13527	311	72	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	311	73	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	311	74	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	311	75	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	76	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	311	77	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	311	78	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	312	1	further	far	ADV
spir-13527	312	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	312	3	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	312	4	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	312	5	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	312	6	possible	possible	ADJ
spir-13527	312	7	to	to	PART
spir-13527	312	8	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
spir-13527	312	9	networks	network	NOUN
spir-13527	312	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	312	11	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	312	12	to	to	PART
spir-13527	312	13	determine	determine	VERB
spir-13527	312	14	the	the	DET
spir-13527	312	15	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	312	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	312	17	interaction	interaction	NOUN
spir-13527	312	18	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	312	19	the	the	DET
spir-13527	312	20	various	various	ADJ
spir-13527	312	21	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-13527	312	22	groups	group	NOUN
spir-13527	312	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	312	24	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	312	25	order	order	NOUN
spir-13527	312	26	to	to	PART
spir-13527	312	27	examine	examine	VERB
spir-13527	312	28	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	312	29	yarchi	yarchi	PROPN
spir-13527	312	30	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	312	31	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	312	32	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	313	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	313	2	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	313	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	313	4	term	term	NOUN
spir-13527	313	5	interactional	interactional	ADJ
spir-13527	313	6	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	313	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	314	1	this	this	DET
spir-13527	314	2	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	314	3	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	314	4	exemplified	exemplify	VERB
spir-13527	314	5	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	314	6	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	314	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	314	8	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-13527	314	9	change	change	NOUN
spir-13527	314	10	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	314	11	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	314	12	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-13527	314	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	314	14	williams	williams	PROPN
spir-13527	314	15	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	314	16	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	314	17	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	314	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	314	19	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	314	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	314	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	314	22	reddit	reddit	NOUN
spir-13527	314	23	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	314	24	treen	treen	PROPN
spir-13527	314	25	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	314	26	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	314	27	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	314	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	314	29	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	314	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	314	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	1	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	315	2	could	could	AUX
spir-13527	315	3	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	315	4	defined	define	VERB
spir-13527	315	5	here	here	ADV
spir-13527	315	6	simply	simply	ADV
spir-13527	315	7	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	315	8	the	the	DET
spir-13527	315	9	absence	absence	NOUN
spir-13527	315	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	315	11	interaction	interaction	NOUN
spir-13527	315	12	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	315	13	opposing	oppose	VERB
spir-13527	315	14	sides	side	NOUN
spir-13527	315	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	16	yet	yet	CCONJ
spir-13527	315	17	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	315	18	may	may	AUX
spir-13527	315	19	represent	represent	VERB
spir-13527	315	20	an	an	DET
spir-13527	315	21	oversimplification	oversimplification	NOUN
spir-13527	315	22	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	23	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	315	24	studies	study	NOUN
spir-13527	315	25	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	315	26	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	315	27	williams	williams	PROPN
spir-13527	315	28	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	315	29	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	315	30	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	315	31	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	315	32	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	315	33	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	315	34	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-13527	315	35	change	change	NOUN
spir-13527	315	36	hashtags	hashtag	NOUN
spir-13527	315	37	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	315	38	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-13527	315	39	show	show	NOUN
spir-13527	315	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	41	the	the	DET
spir-13527	315	42	various	various	ADJ
spir-13527	315	43	communicative	communicative	ADJ
spir-13527	315	44	affordances	affordance	NOUN
spir-13527	315	45	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	315	46	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13527	315	47	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-13527	315	48	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	49	here	here	ADV
spir-13527	315	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	51	@mentions	@mention	NOUN
spir-13527	315	52	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	53	retweets	retweet	NOUN
spir-13527	315	54	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	55	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	315	56	following	follow	VERB
spir-13527	315	57	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	58	may	may	AUX
spir-13527	315	59	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	315	60	used	use	VERB
spir-13527	315	61	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	315	62	diverging	diverge	VERB
spir-13527	315	63	ways	way	NOUN
spir-13527	315	64	to	to	PART
spir-13527	315	65	attack	attack	VERB
spir-13527	315	66	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	67	support	support	NOUN
spir-13527	315	68	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	69	connect	connect	VERB
spir-13527	315	70	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	71	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	315	72	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
spir-13527	315	73	engage	engage	VERB
spir-13527	315	74	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	315	75	constructive	constructive	ADJ
spir-13527	315	76	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	315	77	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	315	78	ways	way	NOUN
spir-13527	315	79	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	315	80	inand	inand	ADJ
spir-13527	315	81	outgroup	outgroup	NOUN
spir-13527	315	82	members	member	NOUN
spir-13527	315	83	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	315	84	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	315	85	cf	cf	NOUN
spir-13527	315	86	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	316	1	giglietto	giglietto	PROPN
spir-13527	316	2	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	316	3	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	316	4	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	316	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	316	6	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	316	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	316	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	317	1	network	network	NOUN
spir-13527	317	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	317	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	317	4	then	then	ADV
spir-13527	317	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	317	6	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	317	7	point	point	VERB
spir-13527	317	8	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	317	9	distinct	distinct	ADJ
spir-13527	317	10	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	317	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	317	12	interaction	interaction	NOUN
spir-13527	317	13	with	with	ADP
spir-13527	317	14	different	different	ADJ
spir-13527	317	15	groups	group	NOUN
spir-13527	317	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	317	17	but	but	CCONJ
spir-13527	317	18	only	only	ADV
spir-13527	317	19	a	a	DET
spir-13527	317	20	further	further	ADJ
spir-13527	317	21	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	317	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	317	23	the	the	DET
spir-13527	317	24	content	content	NOUN
spir-13527	317	25	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	317	26	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	317	27	interactions	interaction	NOUN
spir-13527	317	28	will	will	AUX
spir-13527	317	29	determine	determine	VERB
spir-13527	317	30	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	317	31	positive	positive	ADJ
spir-13527	317	32	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	317	33	negative	negative	ADJ
spir-13527	317	34	valence	valence	NOUN
spir-13527	317	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	318	1	this	this	DET
spir-13527	318	2	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-13527	318	3	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	318	4	three	three	NUM
spir-13527	318	5	major	major	ADJ
spir-13527	318	6	types	type	NOUN
spir-13527	318	7	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	318	8	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	318	9	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	318	10	far	far	ADV
spir-13527	318	11	from	from	ADP
spir-13527	318	12	exhaustive	exhaustive	ADJ
spir-13527	318	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	318	14	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	318	15	course	course	NOUN
spir-13527	318	16	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	318	17	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	318	18	will	will	AUX
spir-13527	318	19	discuss	discuss	VERB
spir-13527	318	20	other	other	ADJ
spir-13527	318	21	possible	possible	ADJ
spir-13527	318	22	definitions	definition	NOUN
spir-13527	318	23	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	318	24	the	the	DET
spir-13527	318	25	full	full	ADJ
spir-13527	318	26	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	318	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	318	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	318	29	outline	outline	VERB
spir-13527	318	30	how	how	SCONJ
spir-13527	318	31	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	318	32	may	may	AUX
spir-13527	318	33	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	318	34	operationalised	operationalise	VERB
spir-13527	318	35	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	318	36	applied	apply	VERB
spir-13527	318	37	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	318	38	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	318	39	research	research	NOUN
spir-13527	318	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	1	further	far	ADV
spir-13527	319	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	319	4	approaches	approach	NOUN
spir-13527	319	5	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	319	6	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	319	7	sketched	sketch	VERB
spir-13527	319	8	out	out	ADP
spir-13527	319	9	here	here	ADV
spir-13527	319	10	may	may	AUX
spir-13527	319	11	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	319	12	employed	employ	VERB
spir-13527	319	13	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	319	14	varying	vary	VERB
spir-13527	319	15	levels	level	NOUN
spir-13527	319	16	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	319	17	specificity	specificity	NOUN
spir-13527	319	18	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	19	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	319	20	the	the	DET
spir-13527	319	21	context	context	NOUN
spir-13527	319	22	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	319	23	distinct	distinct	ADJ
spir-13527	319	24	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	319	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	26	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	319	27	a	a	DET
spir-13527	319	28	momentary	momentary	ADJ
spir-13527	319	29	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	319	30	event	event	NOUN
spir-13527	319	31	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	319	32	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-13527	319	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	34	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	319	36	longer	long	ADJ
spir-13527	319	37	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	38	term	term	NOUN
spir-13527	319	39	debates	debate	NOUN
spir-13527	319	40	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	41	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	319	42	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	319	43	major	major	ADJ
spir-13527	319	44	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-13527	319	45	like	like	ADP
spir-13527	319	46	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-13527	319	47	change	change	NOUN
spir-13527	319	48	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	319	49	minority	minority	NOUN
spir-13527	319	50	rights	right	NOUN
spir-13527	319	51	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	52	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	53	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	319	54	even	even	ADV
spir-13527	319	55	across	across	ADP
spir-13527	319	56	multiple	multiple	ADJ
spir-13527	319	57	themes	theme	NOUN
spir-13527	319	58	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	59	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	319	60	to	to	PART
spir-13527	319	61	examine	examine	VERB
spir-13527	319	62	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-13527	319	63	inand	inand	ADJ
spir-13527	319	64	outgroup	outgroup	NOUN
spir-13527	319	65	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	319	66	remain	remain	VERB
spir-13527	319	67	stable	stable	ADJ
spir-13527	319	68	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-13527	319	69	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	319	70	the	the	DET
spir-13527	319	71	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-13527	319	72	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	319	73	at	at	ADP
spir-13527	319	74	hand	hand	NOUN
spir-13527	319	75	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	319	76	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	320	1	identifying	identify	VERB
spir-13527	320	2	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	320	3	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	320	4	finally	finally	ADV
spir-13527	320	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	320	6	a	a	DET
spir-13527	320	7	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	320	8	aim	aim	NOUN
spir-13527	320	9	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	320	10	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	320	11	work	work	NOUN
spir-13527	320	12	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	320	13	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	320	14	to	to	PART
spir-13527	320	15	determine	determine	VERB
spir-13527	320	16	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-13527	320	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	320	18	when	when	SCONJ
spir-13527	320	19	the	the	DET
spir-13527	320	20	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	320	21	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	320	22	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	320	23	that	that	PRON
spir-13527	320	24	may	may	AUX
spir-13527	320	25	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	320	26	observed	observe	VERB
spir-13527	320	27	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	320	28	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-13527	320	29	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	320	30	should	should	AUX
spir-13527	320	31	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	320	32	seen	see	VERB
spir-13527	320	33	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	320	34	inherently	inherently	ADV
spir-13527	320	35	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13527	320	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	321	1	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
spir-13527	321	2	et	et	PROPN
spir-13527	321	3	al	al	PROPN
spir-13527	321	4	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	322	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	2	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	322	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	4	argue	argue	VERB
spir-13527	322	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	322	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	7	although	although	SCONJ
spir-13527	322	8	some	some	DET
spir-13527	322	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	322	10	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	322	11	societal	societal	ADJ
spir-13527	322	12	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	322	13	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	322	14	beneficial	beneficial	ADJ
spir-13527	322	15	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	322	16	a	a	DET
spir-13527	322	17	functioning	function	VERB
spir-13527	322	18	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	322	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	20	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-13527	322	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	22	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	322	23	enabling	enable	VERB
spir-13527	322	24	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	322	25	parties	party	NOUN
spir-13527	322	26	to	to	PART
spir-13527	322	27	define	define	VERB
spir-13527	322	28	their	their	PRON
spir-13527	322	29	distinct	distinct	ADJ
spir-13527	322	30	positions	position	NOUN
spir-13527	322	31	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	322	32	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	322	33	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	322	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	322	35	thereby	thereby	ADV
spir-13527	322	36	offer	offer	VERB
spir-13527	322	37	a	a	DET
spir-13527	322	38	clear	clear	ADJ
spir-13527	322	39	choice	choice	NOUN
spir-13527	322	40	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	322	41	electors	elector	NOUN
spir-13527	322	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	44	once	once	ADV
spir-13527	322	45	a	a	DET
spir-13527	322	46	level	level	NOUN
spir-13527	322	47	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	322	48	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	49	severe	severe	ADJ
spir-13527	322	50	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	322	51	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	322	52	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	322	53	reached	reach	VERB
spir-13527	322	54	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	322	55	societies	society	NOUN
spir-13527	322	56	will	will	AUX
spir-13527	322	57	struggle	struggle	VERB
spir-13527	322	58	to	to	PART
spir-13527	322	59	maintain	maintain	VERB
spir-13527	322	60	productive	productive	ADJ
spir-13527	322	61	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	322	62	processes	process	NOUN
spir-13527	322	63	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	323	1	building	build	VERB
spir-13527	323	2	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	323	3	these	these	DET
spir-13527	323	4	ideas	idea	NOUN
spir-13527	323	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	323	6	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	323	7	therefore	therefore	ADV
spir-13527	323	8	propose	propose	VERB
spir-13527	323	9	a	a	DET
spir-13527	323	10	set	set	NOUN
spir-13527	323	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	323	12	criteria	criterion	NOUN
spir-13527	323	13	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	323	14	what	what	PRON
spir-13527	323	15	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	323	16	describe	describe	VERB
spir-13527	323	17	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	323	18	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	323	19	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	323	20	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	323	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	1	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	324	2	suggest	suggest	VERB
spir-13527	324	3	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	324	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	324	5	following	follow	VERB
spir-13527	324	6	key	key	ADJ
spir-13527	324	7	elements	element	NOUN
spir-13527	324	8	may	may	AUX
spir-13527	324	9	serve	serve	VERB
spir-13527	324	10	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	324	11	indicators	indicator	NOUN
spir-13527	324	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	324	13	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	324	14	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	324	15	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	324	16	online	online	ADJ
spir-13527	324	17	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	324	18	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	20	a	a	X
spir-13527	324	21	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	22	breakdown	breakdown	NOUN
spir-13527	324	23	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	324	24	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	324	25	between	between	ADP
spir-13527	324	26	opposing	oppose	VERB
spir-13527	324	27	groups	group	NOUN
spir-13527	324	28	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	30	b	b	X
spir-13527	324	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	32	discrediting	discredit	VERB
spir-13527	324	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	324	34	dismissal	dismissal	NOUN
spir-13527	324	35	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	324	36	oppositional	oppositional	ADJ
spir-13527	324	37	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	324	38	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	40	c	c	X
spir-13527	324	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	42	erasure	erasure	NOUN
spir-13527	324	43	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	324	44	complexities	complexity	NOUN
spir-13527	324	45	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	324	46	the	the	DET
spir-13527	324	47	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	324	48	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	324	49	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	324	50	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	51	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	52	d	d	X
spir-13527	324	53	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	54	disproportionate	disproportionate	ADJ
spir-13527	324	55	space	space	NOUN
spir-13527	324	56	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	324	57	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	324	58	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-13527	324	59	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	324	60	extreme	extreme	ADJ
spir-13527	324	61	voices	voice	NOUN
spir-13527	324	62	;	;	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	63	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	64	e	e	NOUN
spir-13527	324	65	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	324	66	exclusion	exclusion	NOUN
spir-13527	324	67	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	324	68	opposing	oppose	VERB
spir-13527	324	69	views	view	NOUN
spir-13527	324	70	through	through	ADP
spir-13527	324	71	appeals	appeal	NOUN
spir-13527	324	72	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	324	73	emotion	emotion	NOUN
spir-13527	324	74	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	325	1	this	this	PRON
spir-13527	325	2	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	325	3	not	not	PART
spir-13527	325	4	intended	intend	VERB
spir-13527	325	5	to	to	PART
spir-13527	325	6	represent	represent	VERB
spir-13527	325	7	an	an	DET
spir-13527	325	8	exhaustive	exhaustive	ADJ
spir-13527	325	9	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	325	10	definitive	definitive	ADJ
spir-13527	325	11	list	list	NOUN
spir-13527	325	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	325	13	nor	nor	CCONJ
spir-13527	325	14	do	do	AUX
spir-13527	325	15	all	all	DET
spir-13527	325	16	these	these	DET
spir-13527	325	17	elements	element	NOUN
spir-13527	325	18	need	need	VERB
spir-13527	325	19	to	to	PART
spir-13527	325	20	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	325	21	present	present	ADJ
spir-13527	325	22	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	325	23	any	any	DET
spir-13527	325	24	one	one	NUM
spir-13527	325	25	case	case	NOUN
spir-13527	325	26	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	325	27	polarisation	polarisation	NOUN
spir-13527	325	28	to	to	PART
spir-13527	325	29	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	325	30	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	325	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	326	1	however	however	ADV
spir-13527	326	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	326	3	we	we	PRON
spir-13527	326	4	posit	posit	VERB
spir-13527	326	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	326	6	if	if	SCONJ
spir-13527	326	7	one	one	NUM
spir-13527	326	8	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	326	9	these	these	DET
spir-13527	326	10	elements	element	NOUN
spir-13527	326	11	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	326	12	present	present	ADJ
spir-13527	326	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	326	14	it	it	PRON
spir-13527	326	15	is	be	AUX
spir-13527	326	16	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-13527	326	17	that	that	SCONJ
spir-13527	326	18	others	other	NOUN
spir-13527	326	19	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	326	20	as	as	ADV
spir-13527	326	21	well	well	ADV
spir-13527	326	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	326	23	as	as	SCONJ
spir-13527	326	24	they	they	PRON
spir-13527	326	25	are	be	AUX
spir-13527	326	26	related	relate	VERB
spir-13527	326	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	326	28	connected	connect	VERB
spir-13527	326	29	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	326	30	each	each	DET
spir-13527	326	31	other	other	ADJ
spir-13527	326	32	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	326	33	complex	complex	ADJ
spir-13527	326	34	ways	way	NOUN
spir-13527	326	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	327	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	327	2	conceptual	conceptual	ADJ
spir-13527	327	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	327	4	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-13527	327	5	considerations	consideration	NOUN
spir-13527	327	6	presented	present	VERB
spir-13527	327	7	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	327	8	our	our	PRON
spir-13527	327	9	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-13527	327	10	make	make	VERB
spir-13527	327	11	a	a	DET
spir-13527	327	12	substantial	substantial	ADJ
spir-13527	327	13	contribution	contribution	NOUN
spir-13527	327	14	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	327	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	327	16	identification	identification	NOUN
spir-13527	327	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	327	18	these	these	DET
spir-13527	327	19	destructive	destructive	ADJ
spir-13527	327	20	tendencies	tendency	NOUN
spir-13527	327	21	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	327	22	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	327	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	327	24	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	327	25	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	327	26	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	327	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	327	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	327	29	thus	thus	ADV
spir-13527	327	30	also	also	ADV
spir-13527	327	31	serve	serve	VERB
spir-13527	327	32	as	as	ADP
spir-13527	327	33	a	a	DET
spir-13527	327	34	first	first	ADJ
spir-13527	327	35	step	step	NOUN
spir-13527	327	36	towards	towards	ADP
spir-13527	327	37	addressing	address	VERB
spir-13527	327	38	such	such	ADJ
spir-13527	327	39	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-13527	327	40	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
spir-13527	327	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	328	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-13527	328	2	dimaggio	dimaggio	PROPN
spir-13527	328	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	328	4	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-13527	328	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	328	6	evans	evans	PROPN
spir-13527	328	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	328	8	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	328	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	328	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	328	11	bryson	bryson	PROPN
spir-13527	328	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	328	13	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	328	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	328	15	1996	1996	NUM
spir-13527	328	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	328	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	329	1	have	have	AUX
spir-13527	329	2	american	american	PROPN
spir-13527	329	3	’s	’s	PART
spir-13527	329	4	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	329	5	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
spir-13527	329	6	become	become	VERB
spir-13527	329	7	more	more	ADV
spir-13527	329	8	polarized	polarize	VERB
spir-13527	329	9	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	330	1	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	330	2	journal	journal	PROPN
spir-13527	330	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	330	4	sociology	sociology	NOUN
spir-13527	330	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	330	6	102(3	102(3	NUM
spir-13527	330	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	330	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	330	9	690–755	690–755	NUM
spir-13527	330	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	331	1	feldman	feldman	PROPN
spir-13527	331	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	331	3	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13527	331	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	331	5	hart	hart	PROPN
spir-13527	331	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	331	7	p.s	p.s	PROPN
spir-13527	331	8	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	331	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	331	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	331	11	milosevic	milosevic	PROPN
spir-13527	331	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	331	13	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13527	331	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	331	15	2017	2017	NUM
spir-13527	331	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	331	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	332	1	polarizing	polarize	VERB
spir-13527	332	2	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	332	3	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	333	1	representations	representation	NOUN
spir-13527	333	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	333	3	threat	threat	NOUN
spir-13527	333	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	333	5	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
spir-13527	333	6	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	333	7	leading	lead	VERB
spir-13527	333	8	us	us	PROPN
spir-13527	333	9	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN
spir-13527	333	10	’	'	PUNCT
spir-13527	333	11	coverage	coverage	NOUN
spir-13527	333	12	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	333	13	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-13527	333	14	change	change	NOUN
spir-13527	333	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	334	1	public	public	ADJ
spir-13527	334	2	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-13527	334	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	334	4	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	334	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	334	6	26(4	26(4	NUM
spir-13527	334	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	334	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	334	9	481–497	481–497	NUM
spir-13527	334	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	335	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515595348	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515595348	PUNCT
spir-13527	335	2	fiorina	fiorina	PROPN
spir-13527	335	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	335	4	m.p	m.p	PROPN
spir-13527	335	5	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	335	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	335	7	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	335	8	abrams	abrams	PROPN
spir-13527	335	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	335	10	s.j	s.j	PROPN
spir-13527	335	11	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	335	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	335	13	2008	2008	NUM
spir-13527	335	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	335	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	336	1	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	336	2	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	336	3	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	336	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	336	5	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	336	6	public	public	NOUN
spir-13527	336	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	337	1	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-13527	337	2	review	review	NOUN
spir-13527	337	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	337	4	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	337	5	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	337	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	337	7	11(1	11(1	NUM
spir-13527	337	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	337	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	337	10	563–588	563–588	NUM
spir-13527	337	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	1	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836	PROPN
spir-13527	338	2	giglietto	giglietto	PROPN
spir-13527	338	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	4	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-13527	338	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	6	valeriani	valeriani	PROPN
spir-13527	338	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	8	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	338	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	10	righetti	righetti	PROPN
spir-13527	338	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	12	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13527	338	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	14	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	338	15	marino	marino	PROPN
spir-13527	338	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	17	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	338	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	19	2019	2019	NUM
spir-13527	338	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	338	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	339	1	diverging	diverge	VERB
spir-13527	339	2	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	339	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	339	4	interaction	interaction	NOUN
spir-13527	339	5	around	around	ADP
spir-13527	339	6	news	news	NOUN
spir-13527	339	7	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	339	8	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	339	9	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	339	10	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	339	11	insularity	insularity	NOUN
spir-13527	339	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	339	13	partisanship	partisanship	NOUN
spir-13527	339	14	during	during	ADP
spir-13527	339	15	the	the	DET
spir-13527	339	16	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	339	17	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-13527	339	18	election	election	NOUN
spir-13527	339	19	campaign	campaign	NOUN
spir-13527	339	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	340	1	information	information	NOUN
spir-13527	340	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	340	3	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	340	4	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	340	5	society	society	NOUN
spir-13527	340	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	340	7	22(11	22(11	NUM
spir-13527	340	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	340	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	340	10	1610	1610	NUM
spir-13527	340	11	–	–	PUNCT
spir-13527	340	12	1629	1629	NUM
spir-13527	340	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	341	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1629692	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1629692	NOUN
spir-13527	341	2	hobolt	hobolt	PROPN
spir-13527	341	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	341	4	s.b	s.b	PROPN
spir-13527	341	5	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	341	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	341	7	leeper	leeper	PROPN
spir-13527	341	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	341	9	t.j	t.j	PROPN
spir-13527	341	10	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	341	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	341	12	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	341	13	tilley	tilley	PROPN
spir-13527	341	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	341	15	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	341	16	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	341	17	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	341	18	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	341	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	342	1	divided	divide	VERB
spir-13527	342	2	by	by	ADP
spir-13527	342	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	342	4	vote	vote	NOUN
spir-13527	342	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	342	6	affective	affective	ADJ
spir-13527	342	7	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	342	8	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	342	9	the	the	DET
spir-13527	342	10	wake	wake	NOUN
spir-13527	342	11	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	342	12	the	the	DET
spir-13527	342	13	brexit	brexit	NOUN
spir-13527	342	14	referendum	referendum	NOUN
spir-13527	342	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	343	1	british	british	ADJ
spir-13527	343	2	journal	journal	PROPN
spir-13527	343	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	343	4	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	343	5	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	343	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	343	7	51(4	51(4	NUM
spir-13527	343	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	343	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	343	10	1476	1476	NUM
spir-13527	343	11	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	343	12	1493	1493	NUM
spir-13527	343	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	344	1	https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/divided-by-the-vote-affectivepolarization-in-the-wake-of-the-brexitreferendum/2393143858c3fa161af795269a65b900	https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/divided-by-the-vote-affectivepolarization-in-the-wake-of-the-brexitreferendum/2393143858c3fa161af795269a65b900	NOUN
spir-13527	344	2	iyengar	iyengar	NOUN
spir-13527	344	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	344	4	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13527	344	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	344	6	sood	sood	PROPN
spir-13527	344	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	344	8	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-13527	344	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	344	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	344	11	lelkes	lelke	NOUN
spir-13527	344	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	344	13	y.	y.	NOUN
spir-13527	344	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	344	15	2012	2012	NUM
spir-13527	344	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	344	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	345	1	affect	affect	VERB
spir-13527	345	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	345	3	not	not	PART
spir-13527	345	4	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-13527	345	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	345	6	a	a	DET
spir-13527	345	7	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	345	8	identity	identity	NOUN
spir-13527	345	9	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-13527	345	10	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	345	11	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	345	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	346	1	public	public	ADJ
spir-13527	346	2	opinion	opinion	NOUN
spir-13527	346	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
spir-13527	346	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	346	5	76(3	76(3	PROPN
spir-13527	346	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	346	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	346	8	405–431	405–431	NUM
spir-13527	346	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	347	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038	https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038	PROPN
spir-13527	347	2	kubin	kubin	PROPN
spir-13527	347	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	347	4	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-13527	347	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	347	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	347	7	von	von	PROPN
spir-13527	347	8	sikorski	sikorski	PROPN
spir-13527	347	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	347	10	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13527	347	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	347	12	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	347	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	347	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	348	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	348	2	role	role	NOUN
spir-13527	348	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	348	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	348	5	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	348	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	348	7	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	348	8	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	348	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	348	10	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	348	11	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	348	12	a	a	DET
spir-13527	348	13	systematic	systematic	ADJ
spir-13527	348	14	review	review	NOUN
spir-13527	348	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	349	1	annals	annal	NOUN
spir-13527	349	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	349	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	349	4	international	international	ADJ
spir-13527	349	5	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	349	6	association	association	NOUN
spir-13527	349	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	349	8	45(3	45(3	NUM
spir-13527	349	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	349	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	349	11	188–206	188–206	NUM
spir-13527	349	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	350	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070	https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070	PROPN
spir-13527	350	2	lelkes	lelkes	PROPN
spir-13527	350	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	350	4	y.	y.	PROPN
spir-13527	350	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	350	6	2016	2016	NUM
spir-13527	350	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	350	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	1	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-13527	351	2	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	351	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	4	manifestations	manifestation	NOUN
spir-13527	351	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	351	6	measurements	measurement	NOUN
spir-13527	351	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	8	public	public	ADJ
spir-13527	351	9	opinion	opinion	NOUN
spir-13527	351	10	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
spir-13527	351	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	12	80(1	80(1	NUM
spir-13527	351	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	15	392–410	392–410	NUM
spir-13527	351	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	17	https://academic.oup.com/poq/articlelookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfw005	https://academic.oup.com/poq/articlelookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfw005	PROPN
spir-13527	351	18	le	le	X
spir-13527	351	19	bas	bas	PROPN
spir-13527	351	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	21	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-13527	351	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	23	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	351	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	351	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	352	1	can	can	AUX
spir-13527	352	2	polarization	polarization	VERB
spir-13527	352	3	be	be	AUX
spir-13527	352	4	positive	positive	ADJ
spir-13527	352	5	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	353	1	conflict	conflict	NOUN
spir-13527	353	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	353	3	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-13527	353	4	development	development	NOUN
spir-13527	353	5	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	353	6	africa	africa	PROPN
spir-13527	353	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	354	1	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	354	2	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
spir-13527	354	3	scientist	scientist	NOUN
spir-13527	354	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	355	1	62(1	62(1	NUM
spir-13527	355	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	355	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	355	4	59	59	NUM
spir-13527	355	5	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	355	6	74	74	NUM
spir-13527	355	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	356	1	mason	mason	PROPN
spir-13527	356	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	356	3	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-13527	356	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	356	5	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	356	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	356	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	357	1	“	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	357	2	i	i	PRON
spir-13527	357	3	disrespectfully	disrespectfully	ADV
spir-13527	357	4	agree	agree	VERB
spir-13527	357	5	”	"	PUNCT
spir-13527	357	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	357	7	the	the	DET
spir-13527	357	8	differential	differential	ADJ
spir-13527	357	9	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-13527	357	10	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	357	11	partisan	partisan	ADJ
spir-13527	357	12	sorting	sorting	NOUN
spir-13527	357	13	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	357	14	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	357	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	357	16	issue	issue	NOUN
spir-13527	357	17	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	357	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	358	1	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	358	2	journal	journal	PROPN
spir-13527	358	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	358	4	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	358	5	science	science	NOUN
spir-13527	358	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	358	7	59(1	59(1	NUM
spir-13527	358	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	358	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	358	10	128	128	NUM
spir-13527	358	11	–	–	SYM
spir-13527	358	12	145	145	NUM
spir-13527	358	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	359	1	mccoy	mccoy	PROPN
spir-13527	359	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	359	3	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-13527	359	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	359	5	rahman	rahman	PROPN
spir-13527	359	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	359	7	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13527	359	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	359	9	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	359	10	somer	somer	NOUN
spir-13527	359	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	359	12	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	359	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	359	14	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	359	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	359	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	360	1	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	360	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	360	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	360	4	global	global	ADJ
spir-13527	360	5	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-13527	360	6	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	360	7	democracy	democracy	NOUN
spir-13527	360	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	360	9	common	common	ADJ
spir-13527	360	10	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-13527	360	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	360	12	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
spir-13527	360	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	360	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	360	15	pernicious	pernicious	ADJ
spir-13527	360	16	consequences	consequence	NOUN
spir-13527	360	17	for	for	ADP
spir-13527	360	18	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-13527	360	19	polities	polity	NOUN
spir-13527	360	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	361	1	american	american	ADJ
spir-13527	361	2	behavioral	behavioral	ADJ
spir-13527	361	3	scientist	scientist	NOUN
spir-13527	361	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	361	5	62(1	62(1	NOUN
spir-13527	361	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	361	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	361	8	16–42	16–42	NUM
spir-13527	361	9	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	362	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218759576	https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218759576	PROPN
spir-13527	362	2	mclaughlin	mclaughlin	PROPN
spir-13527	362	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	362	4	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-13527	362	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	362	6	2018	2018	NUM
spir-13527	362	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	362	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	363	1	commitment	commitment	NOUN
spir-13527	363	2	to	to	ADP
spir-13527	363	3	the	the	DET
spir-13527	363	4	team	team	NOUN
spir-13527	363	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	364	1	perceived	perceive	VERB
spir-13527	364	2	conflict	conflict	NOUN
spir-13527	364	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	364	4	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	364	5	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	364	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	365	1	journal	journal	PROPN
spir-13527	365	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	365	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	365	4	psychology	psychology	NOUN
spir-13527	365	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	365	6	30(1	30(1	NUM
spir-13527	365	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	365	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	365	9	41	41	NUM
spir-13527	365	10	-	-	SYM
spir-13527	365	11	51	51	NUM
spir-13527	365	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	366	1	mouffe	mouffe	PROPN
spir-13527	366	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	366	3	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13527	366	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	366	5	1993	1993	NUM
spir-13527	366	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	366	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	367	1	the	the	DET
spir-13527	367	2	return	return	NOUN
spir-13527	367	3	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	367	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	367	5	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	367	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	368	1	verso	verso	ADJ
spir-13527	368	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	1	treen	treen	PROPN
spir-13527	369	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	3	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-13527	369	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	5	williams	williams	PROPN
spir-13527	369	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	7	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-13527	369	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	9	o’neill	o’neill	PROPN
spir-13527	369	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	11	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-13527	369	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	13	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	369	14	coan	coan	PROPN
spir-13527	369	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	16	t.g	t.g	PROPN
spir-13527	369	17	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	369	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	19	2022	2022	NUM
spir-13527	369	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	369	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	370	1	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	370	2	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	370	3	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-13527	370	4	change	change	NOUN
spir-13527	370	5	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	370	6	reddit	reddit	NOUN
spir-13527	370	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	370	8	polarized	polarize	VERB
spir-13527	370	9	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-13527	370	10	or	or	CCONJ
spir-13527	370	11	deliberative	deliberative	ADJ
spir-13527	370	12	debate	debate	NOUN
spir-13527	370	13	?	?	PUNCT
spir-13527	371	1	environmental	environmental	ADJ
spir-13527	371	2	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	371	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	371	4	1–19	1–19	PROPN
spir-13527	371	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2022.2050776	https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2022.2050776	PROPN
spir-13527	372	2	williams	williams	PROPN
spir-13527	372	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	4	h.t.p	h.t.p	PROPN
spir-13527	372	5	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	372	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	7	mcmurray	mcmurray	PROPN
spir-13527	372	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	9	j.r	j.r	PROPN
spir-13527	372	10	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	372	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	12	kurz	kurz	PROPN
spir-13527	372	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	14	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-13527	372	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	16	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	372	17	lambert	lambert	PROPN
spir-13527	372	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	19	f.h	f.h	PROPN
spir-13527	372	20	.	.	PROPN
spir-13527	372	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	22	2015	2015	NUM
spir-13527	372	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	372	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	373	1	network	network	NOUN
spir-13527	373	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	373	3	reveals	reveal	VERB
spir-13527	373	4	open	open	ADJ
spir-13527	373	5	forums	forum	NOUN
spir-13527	373	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	373	7	echo	echo	VERB
spir-13527	373	8	chambers	chamber	NOUN
spir-13527	373	9	in	in	ADP
spir-13527	373	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	373	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	373	12	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-13527	373	13	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	373	14	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-13527	373	15	change	change	NOUN
spir-13527	373	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	374	1	global	global	ADJ
spir-13527	374	2	environmental	environmental	ADJ
spir-13527	374	3	change	change	NOUN
spir-13527	374	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	374	5	32	32	NUM
spir-13527	374	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	374	7	126–138	126–138	NUM
spir-13527	374	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	375	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.006	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.006	NOUN
spir-13527	375	2	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515595348	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515595348	NOUN
spir-13527	375	3	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836	https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.11.053106.153836	PROPN
spir-13527	375	4	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1629692	https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2019.1629692	PROPN
spir-13527	375	5	https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/divided-by-the-vote-affective-polarization-in-the-wake-of-the-brexit-referendum/2393143858c3fa161af795269a65b900	https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/divided-by-the-vote-affective-polarization-in-the-wake-of-the-brexit-referendum/2393143858c3fa161af795269a65b900	PROPN
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spir-13527	375	7	https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/divided-by-the-vote-affective-polarization-in-the-wake-of-the-brexit-referendum/2393143858c3fa161af795269a65b900	https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/divided-by-the-vote-affective-polarization-in-the-wake-of-the-brexit-referendum/2393143858c3fa161af795269a65b900	PROPN
spir-13527	375	8	https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038	https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfs038	PROPN
spir-13527	375	9	https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070	https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2021.1976070	PROPN
spir-13527	375	10	https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfw005	https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfw005	PUNCT
spir-13527	375	11	https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfw005	https://academic.oup.com/poq/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/poq/nfw005	X
spir-13527	376	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218759576	https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764218759576	X
spir-13527	376	2	https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2022.2050776	https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2022.2050776	PROPN
spir-13527	376	3	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.006	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.006	PROPN
spir-13527	376	4	yarchi	yarchi	PROPN
spir-13527	376	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	376	6	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-13527	376	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	376	8	baden	baden	PROPN
spir-13527	376	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	376	10	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-13527	376	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	376	12	&	&	CCONJ
spir-13527	376	13	kligler	kligler	PROPN
spir-13527	376	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	376	15	vilenchik	vilenchik	NOUN
spir-13527	376	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	376	17	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-13527	376	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-13527	376	19	2021	2021	NUM
spir-13527	376	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	376	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	377	1	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	377	2	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	377	3	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	377	4	the	the	DET
spir-13527	377	5	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-13527	377	6	sphere	sphere	NOUN
spir-13527	377	7	:	:	PUNCT
spir-13527	377	8	a	a	DET
spir-13527	377	9	cross	cross	NOUN
spir-13527	377	10	-	-	NOUN
spir-13527	377	11	platform	platform	ADJ
spir-13527	377	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	377	13	over	over	ADP
spir-13527	377	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-13527	377	15	time	time	NOUN
spir-13527	377	16	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-13527	377	17	of	of	ADP
spir-13527	377	18	interactional	interactional	ADJ
spir-13527	377	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	377	20	positional	positional	ADJ
spir-13527	377	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	377	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-13527	377	23	affective	affective	ADJ
spir-13527	377	24	polarization	polarization	NOUN
spir-13527	377	25	on	on	ADP
spir-13527	377	26	social	social	ADJ
spir-13527	377	27	media	medium	NOUN
spir-13527	377	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	378	1	political	political	ADJ
spir-13527	378	2	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-13527	378	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	378	4	38(1–2	38(1–2	PROPN
spir-13527	378	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-13527	378	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-13527	378	7	98–139	98–139	NUM
spir-13527	378	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-13527	378	9	https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1785067	https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1785067	X
spir-13527	379	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1785067	https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1785067	PUNCT