id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-14051	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-14051	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-14051	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-14051	1	5	aoir2024	aoir2024	PROPN
spir-14051	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-14051	1	8	25th	25th	ADJ
spir-14051	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-14051	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-14051	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-14051	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-14051	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14051	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-14051	1	17	sheffield	sheffield	PROPN
spir-14051	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	19	uk	uk	PROPN
spir-14051	1	20	/	/	SYM
spir-14051	1	21	30	30	NUM
spir-14051	1	22	oct	oct	NOUN
spir-14051	1	23	2	2	NUM
spir-14051	1	24	nov	nov	PROPN
spir-14051	1	25	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14051	1	26	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-14051	1	27	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-14051	1	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	29	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-14051	1	30	):	):	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	31	rossini	rossini	PROPN
spir-14051	1	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	33	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-14051	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	35	vaccari	vaccari	NOUN
spir-14051	1	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	37	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-14051	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	39	theocharis	theocharis	PROPN
spir-14051	1	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	41	y.	y.	PROPN
spir-14051	1	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	43	tromble	tromble	PROPN
spir-14051	1	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	45	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-14051	1	46	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	47	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14051	1	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	49	october	october	PROPN
spir-14051	1	50	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	1	51	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	2	1	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-14051	2	2	perceptions	perception	NOUN
spir-14051	2	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	2	4	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14051	2	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	2	6	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	2	7	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	2	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	2	9	a	a	DET
spir-14051	2	10	four	four	NUM
spir-14051	2	11	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14051	2	12	country	country	NOUN
spir-14051	2	13	experimental	experimental	ADJ
spir-14051	2	14	study	study	NOUN
spir-14051	2	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	3	1	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-14051	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-14051	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-14051	3	4	aoir2024	aoir2024	PROPN
spir-14051	3	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	3	6	the	the	DET
spir-14051	3	7	25th	25th	ADJ
spir-14051	3	8	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-14051	3	9	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-14051	3	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	3	11	the	the	DET
spir-14051	3	12	association	association	NOUN
spir-14051	3	13	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	3	14	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14051	3	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-14051	3	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	4	1	sheffield	sheffield	PROPN
spir-14051	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	4	3	uk	uk	PROPN
spir-14051	4	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	4	5	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-14051	4	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	4	7	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-14051	4	8	from	from	ADP
spir-14051	4	9	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-14051	4	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	5	1	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-14051	5	2	perceptions	perception	NOUN
spir-14051	5	3	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	5	4	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14051	5	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	5	6	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	5	7	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	5	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	5	9	a	a	DET
spir-14051	5	10	four	four	NUM
spir-14051	5	11	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14051	5	12	country	country	NOUN
spir-14051	5	13	experimental	experimental	ADJ
spir-14051	5	14	study	study	NOUN
spir-14051	5	15	patrícia	patrícia	PROPN
spir-14051	5	16	rossini	rossini	PROPN
spir-14051	5	17	university	university	PROPN
spir-14051	5	18	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	5	19	glasgow	glasgow	PROPN
spir-14051	5	20	cristian	cristian	PROPN
spir-14051	5	21	vaccari	vaccari	PROPN
spir-14051	5	22	university	university	PROPN
spir-14051	5	23	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	5	24	edinburgh	edinburgh	PROPN
spir-14051	5	25	yannis	yannis	PROPN
spir-14051	5	26	theocharis	theocharis	PROPN
spir-14051	5	27	technical	technical	PROPN
spir-14051	5	28	university	university	PROPN
spir-14051	5	29	munich	munich	PROPN
spir-14051	5	30	rebekah	rebekah	PROPN
spir-14051	5	31	tromble	tromble	PROPN
spir-14051	5	32	george	george	PROPN
spir-14051	5	33	washington	washington	PROPN
spir-14051	5	34	university	university	PROPN
spir-14051	5	35	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-14051	5	36	research	research	NOUN
spir-14051	5	37	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	5	38	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	5	39	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	5	40	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	5	41	has	have	AUX
spir-14051	5	42	long	long	ADV
spir-14051	5	43	been	be	AUX
spir-14051	5	44	concerned	concern	VERB
spir-14051	5	45	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	5	46	the	the	DET
spir-14051	5	47	pervasiveness	pervasiveness	NOUN
spir-14051	5	48	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	5	49	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	5	50	across	across	ADP
spir-14051	5	51	various	various	ADJ
spir-14051	5	52	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14051	5	53	arenas	arena	NOUN
spir-14051	5	54	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	5	55	considering	consider	VERB
spir-14051	5	56	it	it	PRON
spir-14051	5	57	a	a	DET
spir-14051	5	58	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-14051	5	59	feature	feature	NOUN
spir-14051	5	60	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	5	61	public	public	ADJ
spir-14051	5	62	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	5	63	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	5	64	chen	chen	PROPN
spir-14051	5	65	et	et	PROPN
spir-14051	5	66	al	al	PROPN
spir-14051	5	67	.	.	PROPN
spir-14051	5	68	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	5	69	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	5	70	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	5	71	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14051	6	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-14051	6	3	work	work	NOUN
spir-14051	6	4	across	across	ADP
spir-14051	6	5	different	different	ADJ
spir-14051	6	6	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-14051	6	7	has	have	AUX
spir-14051	6	8	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-14051	6	9	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14051	6	10	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	6	11	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	6	12	frequently	frequently	ADV
spir-14051	6	13	encountered	encounter	VERB
spir-14051	6	14	online	online	ADV
spir-14051	6	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	16	a	a	DET
spir-14051	6	17	key	key	ADJ
spir-14051	6	18	limitation	limitation	NOUN
spir-14051	6	19	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	6	20	this	this	DET
spir-14051	6	21	work	work	NOUN
spir-14051	6	22	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	6	23	its	its	PRON
spir-14051	6	24	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-14051	6	25	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-14051	6	26	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	6	27	rude	rude	ADJ
spir-14051	6	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	29	vulgar	vulgar	ADJ
spir-14051	6	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	31	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14051	6	32	offensive	offensive	ADJ
spir-14051	6	33	content	content	NOUN
spir-14051	6	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	35	which	which	PRON
spir-14051	6	36	may	may	AUX
spir-14051	6	37	not	not	PART
spir-14051	6	38	inherently	inherently	ADV
spir-14051	6	39	perceived	perceive	VERB
spir-14051	6	40	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	6	41	incompatible	incompatible	ADJ
spir-14051	6	42	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	6	43	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	6	44	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-14051	6	45	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	46	chen	chen	PROPN
spir-14051	6	47	et	et	PROPN
spir-14051	6	48	al	al	PROPN
spir-14051	6	49	.	.	PROPN
spir-14051	6	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	51	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	6	52	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	53	muddiman	muddiman	NOUN
spir-14051	6	54	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	55	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14051	6	56	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	57	stryker	stryker	PROPN
spir-14051	6	58	et	et	PROPN
spir-14051	6	59	al	al	PROPN
spir-14051	6	60	.	.	PROPN
spir-14051	6	61	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	62	2016	2016	NUM
spir-14051	6	63	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	6	64	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	7	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14051	7	2	these	these	DET
spir-14051	7	3	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14051	7	4	features	feature	NOUN
spir-14051	7	5	may	may	AUX
spir-14051	7	6	be	be	AUX
spir-14051	7	7	seen	see	VERB
spir-14051	7	8	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	7	9	rude	rude	ADJ
spir-14051	7	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	7	11	coe	coe	PROPN
spir-14051	7	12	et	et	PROPN
spir-14051	7	13	al	al	PROPN
spir-14051	7	14	.	.	PROPN
spir-14051	7	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	7	16	2014	2014	NUM
spir-14051	7	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	7	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	7	19	they	they	PRON
spir-14051	7	20	are	be	AUX
spir-14051	7	21	not	not	PART
spir-14051	7	22	necessarily	necessarily	ADV
spir-14051	7	23	harmful	harmful	ADJ
spir-14051	7	24	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	7	25	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-14051	7	26	participants	participant	NOUN
spir-14051	7	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	7	28	rossini	rossini	NOUN
spir-14051	7	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	7	30	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14051	7	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	7	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	8	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	8	2	other	other	ADJ
spir-14051	8	3	words	word	NOUN
spir-14051	8	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	8	5	work	work	NOUN
spir-14051	8	6	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	8	7	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	8	8	has	have	AUX
spir-14051	8	9	been	be	AUX
spir-14051	8	10	primarily	primarily	ADV
spir-14051	8	11	concerned	concerned	ADJ
spir-14051	8	12	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	8	13	the	the	DET
spir-14051	8	14	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-14051	8	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	8	16	not	not	PART
spir-14051	8	17	the	the	DET
spir-14051	8	18	substance	substance	NOUN
spir-14051	8	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	8	20	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	8	21	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	8	22	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	8	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	9	1	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	9	2	a	a	DET
spir-14051	9	3	result	result	NOUN
spir-14051	9	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	9	5	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	9	6	still	still	ADV
spir-14051	9	7	know	know	VERB
spir-14051	9	8	very	very	ADV
spir-14051	9	9	little	little	ADJ
spir-14051	9	10	about	about	ADP
spir-14051	9	11	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14051	9	12	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	9	13	that	that	PRON
spir-14051	9	14	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	9	15	truly	truly	ADV
spir-14051	9	16	harmful	harmful	ADJ
spir-14051	9	17	affect	affect	VERB
spir-14051	9	18	both	both	DET
spir-14051	9	19	targets	target	NOUN
spir-14051	9	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	9	21	bystanders	bystander	NOUN
spir-14051	9	22	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	9	23	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	9	24	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-14051	9	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	1	to	to	PART
spir-14051	10	2	address	address	VERB
spir-14051	10	3	this	this	DET
spir-14051	10	4	gap	gap	NOUN
spir-14051	10	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	6	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	10	7	focus	focus	VERB
spir-14051	10	8	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	10	9	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	10	10	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	10	11	—	—	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	12	content	content	NOUN
spir-14051	10	13	that	that	PRON
spir-14051	10	14	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	10	15	hateful	hateful	ADJ
spir-14051	10	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	17	threatening	threatening	ADJ
spir-14051	10	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	19	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
spir-14051	10	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	21	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14051	10	22	harassing	harass	VERB
spir-14051	10	23	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	24	rossini	rossini	NOUN
spir-14051	10	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	26	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14051	10	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	10	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	11	1	investigating	investigate	VERB
spir-14051	11	2	the	the	DET
spir-14051	11	3	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-14051	11	4	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14051	11	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	11	6	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-14051	11	7	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	11	8	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	11	9	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	11	10	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	11	11	important	important	ADJ
spir-14051	11	12	for	for	ADP
spir-14051	11	13	three	three	NUM
spir-14051	11	14	main	main	ADJ
spir-14051	11	15	reasons	reason	NOUN
spir-14051	11	16	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	11	17	first	first	ADV
spir-14051	11	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	11	19	it	it	PRON
spir-14051	11	20	helps	helps	AUX
spir-14051	11	21	understand	understand	VERB
spir-14051	11	22	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14051	11	23	perceptions	perception	NOUN
spir-14051	11	24	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	11	25	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	11	26	may	may	AUX
spir-14051	11	27	vary	vary	VERB
spir-14051	11	28	based	base	VERB
spir-14051	11	29	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	11	30	its	its	PRON
spir-14051	11	31	severity	severity	NOUN
spir-14051	11	32	—	—	PUNCT
spir-14051	11	33	for	for	ADP
spir-14051	11	34	instance	instance	NOUN
spir-14051	11	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	11	36	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
spir-14051	11	37	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	11	38	typically	typically	ADV
spir-14051	11	39	disregarded	disregard	VERB
spir-14051	11	40	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	11	41	a	a	DET
spir-14051	11	42	violation	violation	NOUN
spir-14051	11	43	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	11	44	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14051	11	45	community	community	NOUN
spir-14051	11	46	standards	standard	NOUN
spir-14051	11	47	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14051	11	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	11	49	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14051	11	50	hateful	hateful	ADJ
spir-14051	11	51	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14051	11	52	threatening	threatening	ADJ
spir-14051	11	53	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	11	54	tends	tend	VERB
spir-14051	11	55	to	to	PART
spir-14051	11	56	be	be	AUX
spir-14051	11	57	moderated	moderate	VERB
spir-14051	11	58	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	12	1	second	second	ADJ
spir-14051	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	12	3	it	it	PRON
spir-14051	12	4	helps	helps	AUX
spir-14051	12	5	identify	identify	VERB
spir-14051	12	6	those	those	PRON
spir-14051	12	7	who	who	PRON
spir-14051	12	8	are	be	AUX
spir-14051	12	9	most	most	ADV
spir-14051	12	10	vulnerable	vulnerable	ADJ
spir-14051	12	11	—	—	PUNCT
spir-14051	12	12	both	both	PRON
spir-14051	12	13	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	12	14	targets	target	NOUN
spir-14051	12	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	12	16	bystanders	bystander	NOUN
spir-14051	12	17	—	—	PUNCT
spir-14051	12	18	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	12	19	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	12	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	1	finally	finally	ADV
spir-14051	13	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	3	it	it	PRON
spir-14051	13	4	helps	help	VERB
spir-14051	13	5	understand	understand	VERB
spir-14051	13	6	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14051	13	7	these	these	DET
spir-14051	13	8	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14051	13	9	react	react	VERB
spir-14051	13	10	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	13	11	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	13	12	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	13	13	—	—	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	14	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-14051	13	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	16	by	by	ADP
spir-14051	13	17	hiding	hide	VERB
spir-14051	13	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	19	blocking	block	VERB
spir-14051	13	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	21	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14051	13	22	reporting	report	VERB
spir-14051	13	23	the	the	DET
spir-14051	13	24	authors	author	NOUN
spir-14051	13	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	26	but	but	CCONJ
spir-14051	13	27	also	also	ADV
spir-14051	13	28	by	by	ADP
spir-14051	13	29	reducing	reduce	VERB
spir-14051	13	30	their	their	PRON
spir-14051	13	31	own	own	ADJ
spir-14051	13	32	activity	activity	NOUN
spir-14051	13	33	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	13	34	social	social	ADJ
spir-14051	13	35	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14051	13	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	37	such	such	ADJ
spir-14051	13	38	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	13	39	avoiding	avoid	VERB
spir-14051	13	40	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-14051	13	41	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-14051	13	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	43	posting	post	VERB
spir-14051	13	44	less	less	ADV
spir-14051	13	45	frequently	frequently	ADV
spir-14051	13	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	47	reducing	reduce	VERB
spir-14051	13	48	interactions	interaction	NOUN
spir-14051	13	49	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	50	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14051	13	51	even	even	ADV
spir-14051	13	52	deleting	delete	VERB
spir-14051	13	53	their	their	PRON
spir-14051	13	54	profile	profile	NOUN
spir-14051	13	55	–	–	PUNCT
spir-14051	13	56	thus	thus	ADV
spir-14051	13	57	quantifying	quantify	VERB
spir-14051	13	58	the	the	DET
spir-14051	13	59	harm	harm	NOUN
spir-14051	13	60	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14051	13	61	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	13	62	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	13	63	causes	cause	VERB
spir-14051	13	64	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	14	1	importantly	importantly	ADV
spir-14051	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	14	3	this	this	DET
spir-14051	14	4	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-14051	14	5	highlights	highlight	VERB
spir-14051	14	6	the	the	DET
spir-14051	14	7	detrimental	detrimental	ADJ
spir-14051	14	8	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14051	14	9	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	14	10	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	14	11	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	14	12	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	14	13	bystanders	bystander	NOUN
spir-14051	14	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	14	15	who	who	PRON
spir-14051	14	16	tend	tend	VERB
spir-14051	14	17	to	to	PART
spir-14051	14	18	be	be	AUX
spir-14051	14	19	overlooked	overlook	VERB
spir-14051	14	20	by	by	ADP
spir-14051	14	21	community	community	NOUN
spir-14051	14	22	standards	standard	NOUN
spir-14051	14	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	14	24	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-14051	14	25	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14051	14	26	focused	focus	VERB
spir-14051	14	27	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	14	28	targets	target	NOUN
spir-14051	14	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	1	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	15	2	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	15	3	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	15	4	a	a	DET
spir-14051	15	5	serious	serious	ADJ
spir-14051	15	6	threat	threat	NOUN
spir-14051	15	7	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	15	8	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	15	9	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	15	10	expression	expression	NOUN
spir-14051	15	11	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	12	according	accord	VERB
spir-14051	15	13	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	15	14	the	the	DET
spir-14051	15	15	pew	pew	NOUN
spir-14051	15	16	research	research	NOUN
spir-14051	15	17	center	center	NOUN
spir-14051	15	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	19	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-14051	15	20	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14051	15	21	quinn	quinn	PROPN
spir-14051	15	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	23	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	15	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	26	41	41	NUM
spir-14051	15	27	%	%	NOUN
spir-14051	15	28	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	15	29	americans	americans	PROPN
spir-14051	15	30	report	report	VERB
spir-14051	15	31	having	having	AUX
spir-14051	15	32	experienced	experience	VERB
spir-14051	15	33	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	15	34	harassment	harassment	NOUN
spir-14051	15	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	36	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	15	37	the	the	DET
spir-14051	15	38	majority	majority	NOUN
spir-14051	15	39	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	15	40	the	the	DET
spir-14051	15	41	cases	case	NOUN
spir-14051	15	42	taking	take	VERB
spir-14051	15	43	place	place	NOUN
spir-14051	15	44	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	15	45	social	social	ADJ
spir-14051	15	46	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14051	15	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	48	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14051	15	49	1	1	NUM
spir-14051	15	50	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	15	51	4	4	NUM
spir-14051	15	52	teens	teen	NOUN
spir-14051	15	53	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	15	54	the	the	DET
spir-14051	15	55	uk	uk	PROPN
spir-14051	15	56	reported	report	VERB
spir-14051	15	57	having	having	AUX
spir-14051	15	58	seen	see	VERB
spir-14051	15	59	hateful	hateful	ADJ
spir-14051	15	60	messages	message	NOUN
spir-14051	15	61	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	62	ofcom	ofcom	PROPN
spir-14051	15	63	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	64	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	15	65	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	15	66	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	16	2	germany	germany	PROPN
spir-14051	16	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	4	40	40	NUM
spir-14051	16	5	%	%	NOUN
spir-14051	16	6	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	16	7	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14051	16	8	users	user	NOUN
spir-14051	16	9	reported	report	VERB
spir-14051	16	10	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-14051	16	11	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	16	12	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	16	13	hate	hate	NOUN
spir-14051	16	14	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	16	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	16	geschke	geschke	VERB
spir-14051	16	17	et	et	PROPN
spir-14051	16	18	al	al	PROPN
spir-14051	16	19	.	.	PROPN
spir-14051	16	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	21	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	16	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	24	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14051	16	25	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	16	26	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-14051	16	27	the	the	DET
spir-14051	16	28	organization	organization	NOUN
spir-14051	16	29	safernet1	safernet1	NOUN
spir-14051	16	30	reported	report	VERB
spir-14051	16	31	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	16	32	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14051	16	33	a	a	DET
spir-14051	16	34	substantial	substantial	ADJ
spir-14051	16	35	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-14051	16	36	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	16	37	the	the	DET
spir-14051	16	38	reporting	reporting	NOUN
spir-14051	16	39	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	16	40	hateful	hateful	ADJ
spir-14051	16	41	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	16	42	crimes	crime	NOUN
spir-14051	16	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	44	including	include	VERB
spir-14051	16	45	racism	racism	NOUN
spir-14051	16	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	47	xenophobia	xenophobia	NOUN
spir-14051	16	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	49	misogyny	misogyny	NOUN
spir-14051	16	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	16	51	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	16	52	religious	religious	ADJ
spir-14051	16	53	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	16	54	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	17	1	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	17	2	content	content	NOUN
spir-14051	17	3	can	can	AUX
spir-14051	17	4	silence	silence	VERB
spir-14051	17	5	marginalized	marginalize	VERB
spir-14051	17	6	voices	voice	NOUN
spir-14051	17	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	17	8	may	may	AUX
spir-14051	17	9	turn	turn	VERB
spir-14051	17	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-14051	17	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14051	17	12	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-14051	17	13	into	into	ADP
spir-14051	17	14	hostile	hostile	ADJ
spir-14051	17	15	spaces	space	NOUN
spir-14051	17	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	17	17	undermining	undermine	VERB
spir-14051	17	18	democratic	democratic	ADJ
spir-14051	17	19	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	17	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	17	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	17	22	leading	lead	VERB
spir-14051	17	23	people	people	NOUN
spir-14051	17	24	to	to	PART
spir-14051	17	25	abandon	abandon	VERB
spir-14051	17	26	them	they	PRON
spir-14051	17	27	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	17	28	places	place	NOUN
spir-14051	17	29	for	for	ADP
spir-14051	17	30	discussion	discussion	NOUN
spir-14051	17	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	18	1	however	however	ADV
spir-14051	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	18	3	limited	limited	ADJ
spir-14051	18	4	research	research	NOUN
spir-14051	18	5	has	have	AUX
spir-14051	18	6	investigated	investigate	VERB
spir-14051	18	7	the	the	DET
spir-14051	18	8	negative	negative	ADJ
spir-14051	18	9	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14051	18	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	18	11	being	be	AUX
spir-14051	18	12	targeted	target	VERB
spir-14051	18	13	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14051	18	14	exposed	expose	VERB
spir-14051	18	15	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	18	16	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	18	17	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	18	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	19	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	19	2	this	this	DET
spir-14051	19	3	study	study	NOUN
spir-14051	19	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	19	5	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	19	6	tackle	tackle	VERB
spir-14051	19	7	this	this	DET
spir-14051	19	8	important	important	ADJ
spir-14051	19	9	research	research	NOUN
spir-14051	19	10	gap	gap	NOUN
spir-14051	19	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	19	12	investigate	investigate	VERB
spir-14051	19	13	the	the	DET
spir-14051	19	14	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-14051	19	15	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14051	19	16	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	19	17	exposure	exposure	NOUN
spir-14051	19	18	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	19	19	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	19	20	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	19	21	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	19	22	four	four	NUM
spir-14051	19	23	countries	country	NOUN
spir-14051	19	24	where	where	SCONJ
spir-14051	19	25	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	19	26	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	19	27	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	19	28	pervasive	pervasive	ADJ
spir-14051	19	29	—	—	PUNCT
spir-14051	19	30	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-14051	19	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	19	32	germany	germany	PROPN
spir-14051	19	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	19	34	the	the	DET
spir-14051	19	35	uk	uk	PROPN
spir-14051	19	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	19	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	19	38	the	the	DET
spir-14051	19	39	us	us	PROPN
spir-14051	19	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	20	1	the	the	DET
spir-14051	20	2	four	four	NUM
spir-14051	20	3	countries	country	NOUN
spir-14051	20	4	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	20	5	our	our	PRON
spir-14051	20	6	sample	sample	NOUN
spir-14051	20	7	represent	represent	VERB
spir-14051	20	8	democracies	democracy	NOUN
spir-14051	20	9	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	20	10	highly	highly	ADV
spir-14051	20	11	active	active	ADJ
spir-14051	20	12	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14051	20	13	users	user	NOUN
spir-14051	20	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	20	15	feature	feature	VERB
spir-14051	20	16	a	a	DET
spir-14051	20	17	high	high	ADJ
spir-14051	20	18	level	level	NOUN
spir-14051	20	19	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	20	20	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	20	21	animosity	animosity	NOUN
spir-14051	20	22	towards	towards	ADP
spir-14051	20	23	disadvantaged	disadvantaged	ADJ
spir-14051	20	24	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14051	20	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	20	26	such	such	ADJ
spir-14051	20	27	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	20	28	immigrants	immigrant	NOUN
spir-14051	20	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	20	30	lgbtq+	lgbtq+	NOUN
spir-14051	20	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	20	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	20	33	other	other	ADJ
spir-14051	20	34	minorities	minority	NOUN
spir-14051	20	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	21	1	notably	notably	ADV
spir-14051	21	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	21	3	far	far	ADJ
spir-14051	21	4	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14051	21	5	right	right	NOUN
spir-14051	21	6	parties	party	NOUN
spir-14051	21	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	21	8	politicians	politician	NOUN
spir-14051	21	9	have	have	AUX
spir-14051	21	10	weaponized	weaponize	VERB
spir-14051	21	11	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	21	12	towards	towards	ADP
spir-14051	21	13	minorities	minority	NOUN
spir-14051	21	14	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	21	15	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-14051	21	16	electoral	electoral	ADJ
spir-14051	21	17	cycles	cycle	NOUN
spir-14051	21	18	across	across	ADP
spir-14051	21	19	all	all	DET
spir-14051	21	20	these	these	DET
spir-14051	21	21	countries	country	NOUN
spir-14051	21	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	22	1	these	these	DET
spir-14051	22	2	countries	country	NOUN
spir-14051	22	3	also	also	ADV
spir-14051	22	4	differ	differ	VERB
spir-14051	22	5	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	22	6	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14051	22	7	they	they	PRON
spir-14051	22	8	regulate	regulate	VERB
spir-14051	22	9	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	22	10	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	22	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	22	12	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	22	13	germany	germany	PROPN
spir-14051	22	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	22	15	brazil	brazil	PROPN
spir-14051	22	16	having	have	VERB
spir-14051	22	17	more	more	ADV
spir-14051	22	18	restrictive	restrictive	ADJ
spir-14051	22	19	legislation	legislation	NOUN
spir-14051	22	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	22	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	22	22	the	the	DET
spir-14051	22	23	uk	uk	PROPN
spir-14051	22	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	22	25	the	the	DET
spir-14051	22	26	us	us	PROPN
spir-14051	22	27	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	22	28	the	the	DET
spir-14051	22	29	least	least	ADV
spir-14051	22	30	regulated	regulated	ADJ
spir-14051	22	31	regimes	regime	NOUN
spir-14051	22	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	23	1	methods	method	NOUN
spir-14051	23	2	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	23	3	leverage	leverage	VERB
spir-14051	23	4	pre	pre	ADJ
spir-14051	23	5	-	-	ADJ
spir-14051	23	6	registered	registered	ADJ
spir-14051	23	7	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-14051	23	8	experiments	experiment	NOUN
spir-14051	23	9	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	23	10	large	large	ADJ
spir-14051	23	11	samples	sample	NOUN
spir-14051	23	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	23	13	n	n	NOUN
spir-14051	23	14	=	=	SYM
spir-14051	23	15	2,000	2,000	NUM
spir-14051	23	16	per	per	ADP
spir-14051	23	17	country	country	NOUN
spir-14051	23	18	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	23	19	constructed	construct	VERB
spir-14051	23	20	to	to	PART
spir-14051	23	21	mirror	mirror	VERB
spir-14051	23	22	the	the	DET
spir-14051	23	23	adult	adult	NOUN
spir-14051	23	24	population	population	NOUN
spir-14051	23	25	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	23	26	key	key	ADJ
spir-14051	23	27	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
spir-14051	23	28	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	23	29	these	these	DET
spir-14051	23	30	countries	country	NOUN
spir-14051	23	31	to	to	PART
spir-14051	23	32	examine	examine	VERB
spir-14051	23	33	perceptions	perception	NOUN
spir-14051	23	34	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	23	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	23	36	reactions	reaction	NOUN
spir-14051	23	37	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	23	38	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	23	39	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	23	40	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	23	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	1	our	our	PRON
spir-14051	24	2	experiments	experiment	NOUN
spir-14051	24	3	manipulate	manipulate	VERB
spir-14051	24	4	the	the	DET
spir-14051	24	5	target	target	NOUN
spir-14051	24	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	7	women	woman	NOUN
spir-14051	24	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	9	lgbt	lgbt	PROPN
spir-14051	24	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	12	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-14051	24	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	14	civil	civil	ADJ
spir-14051	24	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	16	uncivil	uncivil	ADJ
spir-14051	24	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	24	20	type	type	NOUN
spir-14051	24	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	22	discriminatory	discriminatory	ADJ
spir-14051	24	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	24	hateful	hateful	ADJ
spir-14051	24	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	26	threatening	threatening	ADJ
spir-14051	24	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	28	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	24	29	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	24	30	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	24	31	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	24	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	24	33	using	use	VERB
spir-14051	24	34	realistic	realistic	ADJ
spir-14051	24	35	mockups	mockup	NOUN
spir-14051	24	36	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	24	37	social	social	ADJ
spir-14051	24	38	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14051	24	39	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14051	24	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	1	our	our	PRON
spir-14051	25	2	key	key	ADJ
spir-14051	25	3	dependent	dependent	ADJ
spir-14051	25	4	variables	variable	NOUN
spir-14051	25	5	include	include	VERB
spir-14051	25	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	7	1	1	X
spir-14051	25	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	9	perceptions	perception	NOUN
spir-14051	25	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	25	11	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14051	25	12	harmful	harmful	ADJ
spir-14051	25	13	the	the	DET
spir-14051	25	14	content	content	NOUN
spir-14051	25	15	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	25	16	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	18	2	2	X
spir-14051	25	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	20	intent	intent	NOUN
spir-14051	25	21	to	to	PART
spir-14051	25	22	react	react	VERB
spir-14051	25	23	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	25	24	the	the	DET
spir-14051	25	25	post	post	NOUN
spir-14051	25	26	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	27	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-14051	25	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	29	by	by	ADP
spir-14051	25	30	reporting	report	VERB
spir-14051	25	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	32	blocking	block	VERB
spir-14051	25	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	34	responding	respond	VERB
spir-14051	25	35	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	36	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	25	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	39	3	3	X
spir-14051	25	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	25	41	support	support	NOUN
spir-14051	25	42	for	for	ADP
spir-14051	25	43	content	content	NOUN
spir-14051	25	44	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-14051	25	45	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14051	25	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	26	1	based	base	VERB
spir-14051	26	2	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	26	3	existing	exist	VERB
spir-14051	26	4	research	research	NOUN
spir-14051	26	5	investigating	investigate	VERB
spir-14051	26	6	both	both	DET
spir-14051	26	7	perceptions	perception	NOUN
spir-14051	26	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	26	9	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14051	26	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	26	11	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	26	12	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	26	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	26	14	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	26	15	can	can	AUX
spir-14051	26	16	expect	expect	VERB
spir-14051	26	17	reactions	reaction	NOUN
spir-14051	26	18	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	26	19	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	26	20	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	26	21	will	will	AUX
spir-14051	26	22	vary	vary	VERB
spir-14051	26	23	based	base	VERB
spir-14051	26	24	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	26	25	personal	personal	ADJ
spir-14051	26	26	traits	trait	NOUN
spir-14051	26	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	26	28	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	26	29	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
spir-14051	26	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	26	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	26	32	experiences	experience	NOUN
spir-14051	26	33	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	26	34	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	26	35	toxicity	toxicity	NOUN
spir-14051	26	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	26	37	as	as	ADV
spir-14051	26	38	well	well	ADV
spir-14051	26	39	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	26	40	being	be	AUX
spir-14051	26	41	a	a	DET
spir-14051	26	42	member	member	NOUN
spir-14051	26	43	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	26	44	a	a	DET
spir-14051	26	45	'	'	PUNCT
spir-14051	26	46	targeted	targeted	ADJ
spir-14051	26	47	'	'	PUNCT
spir-14051	26	48	identity	identity	NOUN
spir-14051	26	49	1	1	NUM
spir-14051	26	50	https://new.safernet.org.br/content/denuncias-de-imagens-de-abuso-e-exploracao-sexual-infantil-reportadas-pelasafernet	https://new.safernet.org.br/content/denuncias-de-imagens-de-abuso-e-exploracao-sexual-infantil-reportadas-pelasafernet	NOUN
spir-14051	26	51	group	group	NOUN
spir-14051	26	52	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	27	1	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	27	2	also	also	ADV
spir-14051	27	3	observe	observe	VERB
spir-14051	27	4	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-14051	27	5	these	these	DET
spir-14051	27	6	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14051	27	7	are	be	AUX
spir-14051	27	8	consistent	consistent	ADJ
spir-14051	27	9	across	across	ADP
spir-14051	27	10	different	different	ADJ
spir-14051	27	11	countries	country	NOUN
spir-14051	27	12	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	27	13	contexts	context	NOUN
spir-14051	27	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	28	1	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	28	2	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
spir-14051	28	3	different	different	ADJ
spir-14051	28	4	types	type	NOUN
spir-14051	28	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	28	6	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	28	7	because	because	SCONJ
spir-14051	28	8	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	28	9	expect	expect	VERB
spir-14051	28	10	participants	participant	NOUN
spir-14051	28	11	to	to	PART
spir-14051	28	12	respond	respond	VERB
spir-14051	28	13	differently	differently	ADV
spir-14051	28	14	them	they	PRON
spir-14051	28	15	based	base	VERB
spir-14051	28	16	on	on	ADP
spir-14051	28	17	perceived	perceive	VERB
spir-14051	28	18	harmfulness	harmfulness	NOUN
spir-14051	28	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	29	1	for	for	ADP
spir-14051	29	2	instance	instance	NOUN
spir-14051	29	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	29	4	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
spir-14051	29	5	often	often	ADV
spir-14051	29	6	falls	fall	VERB
spir-14051	29	7	outside	outside	ADP
spir-14051	29	8	the	the	DET
spir-14051	29	9	scope	scope	NOUN
spir-14051	29	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	29	11	community	community	NOUN
spir-14051	29	12	standards	standard	NOUN
spir-14051	29	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	29	14	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-14051	29	15	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-14051	29	16	rules	rule	NOUN
spir-14051	29	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	29	18	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14051	29	19	hate	hate	VERB
spir-14051	29	20	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	29	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	29	22	violent	violent	ADJ
spir-14051	29	23	threats	threat	NOUN
spir-14051	29	24	are	be	AUX
spir-14051	29	25	likely	likely	ADV
spir-14051	29	26	perceived	perceive	VERB
spir-14051	29	27	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	29	28	more	more	ADV
spir-14051	29	29	harmful	harmful	ADJ
spir-14051	29	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	29	31	stryker	stryker	PROPN
spir-14051	29	32	et	et	PROPN
spir-14051	29	33	al	al	PROPN
spir-14051	29	34	.	.	PROPN
spir-14051	29	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	29	36	2016	2016	NUM
spir-14051	29	37	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	29	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	30	1	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	30	2	such	such	ADJ
spir-14051	30	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	30	4	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	30	5	expect	expect	VERB
spir-14051	30	6	participants	participant	NOUN
spir-14051	30	7	to	to	PART
spir-14051	30	8	be	be	AUX
spir-14051	30	9	more	more	ADV
spir-14051	30	10	sensitive	sensitive	ADJ
spir-14051	30	11	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	30	12	hateful	hateful	ADJ
spir-14051	30	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	30	14	threatening	threatening	ADJ
spir-14051	30	15	speech	speech	NOUN
spir-14051	30	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	30	17	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	30	18	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
spir-14051	30	19	being	be	AUX
spir-14051	30	20	perceived	perceive	VERB
spir-14051	30	21	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	30	22	less	less	ADV
spir-14051	30	23	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-14051	30	24	than	than	ADP
spir-14051	30	25	the	the	DET
spir-14051	30	26	other	other	ADJ
spir-14051	30	27	types	type	NOUN
spir-14051	30	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	30	29	h1	h1	PROPN
spir-14051	30	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	30	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	31	1	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	31	2	also	also	ADV
spir-14051	31	3	expect	expect	VERB
spir-14051	31	4	the	the	DET
spir-14051	31	5	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-14051	31	6	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	31	7	the	the	DET
spir-14051	31	8	message	message	NOUN
spir-14051	31	9	to	to	PART
spir-14051	31	10	have	have	VERB
spir-14051	31	11	an	an	DET
spir-14051	31	12	impact	impact	NOUN
spir-14051	31	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	31	14	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	31	15	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	31	16	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	31	17	that	that	PRON
spir-14051	31	18	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	31	19	uncivil	uncivil	ADJ
spir-14051	31	20	being	be	AUX
spir-14051	31	21	perceived	perceive	VERB
spir-14051	31	22	more	more	ADV
spir-14051	31	23	harshly	harshly	ADV
spir-14051	31	24	than	than	ADP
spir-14051	31	25	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	31	26	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	31	27	presented	present	VERB
spir-14051	31	28	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	31	29	a	a	DET
spir-14051	31	30	civil	civil	ADJ
spir-14051	31	31	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-14051	31	32	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	31	33	h2	h2	PROPN
spir-14051	31	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	31	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	32	1	these	these	DET
spir-14051	32	2	differences	difference	NOUN
spir-14051	32	3	are	be	AUX
spir-14051	32	4	also	also	ADV
spir-14051	32	5	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-14051	32	6	to	to	PART
spir-14051	32	7	shape	shape	VERB
spir-14051	32	8	intentions	intention	NOUN
spir-14051	32	9	to	to	PART
spir-14051	32	10	react	react	VERB
spir-14051	32	11	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	32	12	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14051	32	13	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	32	14	the	the	DET
spir-14051	32	15	same	same	ADJ
spir-14051	32	16	direction	direction	NOUN
spir-14051	32	17	—	—	PUNCT
spir-14051	32	18	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-14051	32	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	32	20	responding	respond	VERB
spir-14051	32	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	32	22	blocking	blocking	NOUN
spir-14051	32	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	32	24	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14051	32	25	reporting	reporting	NOUN
spir-14051	32	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	32	27	as	as	ADV
spir-14051	32	28	well	well	ADV
spir-14051	32	29	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	32	30	reducing	reduce	VERB
spir-14051	32	31	engagement	engagement	NOUN
spir-14051	32	32	with	with	ADP
spir-14051	32	33	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	32	34	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-14051	32	35	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	32	36	h3	h3	NOUN
spir-14051	32	37	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	32	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	33	1	finally	finally	ADV
spir-14051	33	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	33	3	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	33	4	expect	expect	VERB
spir-14051	33	5	participants	participant	NOUN
spir-14051	33	6	exposed	expose	VERB
spir-14051	33	7	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	33	8	the	the	DET
spir-14051	33	9	treatments	treatment	NOUN
spir-14051	33	10	to	to	PART
spir-14051	33	11	report	report	VERB
spir-14051	33	12	higher	high	ADJ
spir-14051	33	13	support	support	NOUN
spir-14051	33	14	for	for	ADP
spir-14051	33	15	content	content	NOUN
spir-14051	33	16	moderation	moderation	NOUN
spir-14051	33	17	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14051	33	18	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	33	19	the	the	DET
spir-14051	33	20	uncivil	uncivil	ADJ
spir-14051	33	21	condition	condition	NOUN
spir-14051	33	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	33	23	h4a	h4a	PROPN
spir-14051	33	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	33	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	33	26	as	as	ADV
spir-14051	33	27	well	well	ADV
spir-14051	33	28	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	33	29	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	33	30	the	the	DET
spir-14051	33	31	more	more	ADV
spir-14051	33	32	harmful	harmful	ADJ
spir-14051	33	33	types	type	NOUN
spir-14051	33	34	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	33	35	intolerance	intolerance	NOUN
spir-14051	33	36	compared	compare	VERB
spir-14051	33	37	to	to	ADP
spir-14051	33	38	discrimination	discrimination	NOUN
spir-14051	33	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	33	40	h4b	h4b	PROPN
spir-14051	33	41	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	33	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	34	1	considering	consider	VERB
spir-14051	34	2	the	the	DET
spir-14051	34	3	position	position	NOUN
spir-14051	34	4	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	34	5	participants	participant	NOUN
spir-14051	34	6	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	34	7	targets	target	NOUN
spir-14051	34	8	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14051	34	9	bystanders	bystander	NOUN
spir-14051	34	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	34	11	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	34	12	expect	expect	VERB
spir-14051	34	13	participants	participant	NOUN
spir-14051	34	14	'	'	PART
spir-14051	34	15	identification	identification	NOUN
spir-14051	34	16	as	as	ADP
spir-14051	34	17	a	a	DET
spir-14051	34	18	member	member	NOUN
spir-14051	34	19	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	34	20	the	the	DET
spir-14051	34	21	targeted	target	VERB
spir-14051	34	22	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14051	34	23	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	34	24	women	woman	NOUN
spir-14051	34	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	34	26	lgbt+	lgbt+	CCONJ
spir-14051	34	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	34	28	to	to	PART
spir-14051	34	29	be	be	AUX
spir-14051	34	30	more	more	ADV
spir-14051	34	31	affected	affect	VERB
spir-14051	34	32	by	by	ADP
spir-14051	34	33	our	our	PRON
spir-14051	34	34	treatments	treatment	NOUN
spir-14051	34	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	34	36	regardless	regardless	ADV
spir-14051	34	37	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	34	38	the	the	DET
spir-14051	34	39	tone	tone	NOUN
spir-14051	34	40	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	34	41	the	the	DET
spir-14051	34	42	treatment	treatment	NOUN
spir-14051	34	43	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	34	44	h5	h5	PROPN
spir-14051	34	45	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	34	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	35	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-14051	35	2	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-14051	35	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	35	4	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-14051	35	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	35	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14051	35	7	quinn	quinn	PROPN
spir-14051	35	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	35	9	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14051	35	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	35	11	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	35	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	35	13	august	august	PROPN
spir-14051	35	14	8)	8)	NUM
spir-14051	35	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	36	1	46	46	NUM
spir-14051	36	2	%	%	NOUN
spir-14051	36	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	36	4	social	social	ADJ
spir-14051	36	5	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14051	36	6	users	user	NOUN
spir-14051	36	7	worn	wear	VERB
spir-14051	36	8	out	out	ADP
spir-14051	36	9	by	by	ADP
spir-14051	36	10	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	36	11	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14051	36	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	36	13	discussions	discussion	NOUN
spir-14051	36	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	37	1	pew	pew	NOUN
spir-14051	37	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-14051	37	3	center	center	NOUN
spir-14051	37	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	1	https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/08/08/46-of-u-s-social-media-userssay-they-are-worn-out-by-political-posts-and-discussions/	https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/08/08/46-of-u-s-social-media-userssay-they-are-worn-out-by-political-posts-and-discussions/	PROPN
spir-14051	38	2	chen	chen	PROPN
spir-14051	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	4	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-14051	38	5	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-14051	38	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	7	muddiman	muddiman	PROPN
spir-14051	38	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	9	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14051	38	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	11	wilner	wilner	NOUN
spir-14051	38	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	13	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-14051	38	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	15	pariser	pariser	NOUN
spir-14051	38	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	17	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14051	38	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	19	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14051	38	20	stroud	stroud	PROPN
spir-14051	38	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	22	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-14051	38	23	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14051	38	24	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	25	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	38	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	38	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	39	1	we	we	PRON
spir-14051	39	2	should	should	AUX
spir-14051	39	3	not	not	PART
spir-14051	39	4	get	get	AUX
spir-14051	39	5	rid	rid	VERB
spir-14051	39	6	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	39	7	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	39	8	online	online	ADV
spir-14051	39	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	40	1	social	social	ADJ
spir-14051	40	2	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14051	40	3	+	+	CCONJ
spir-14051	40	4	society	society	NOUN
spir-14051	40	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	40	6	5(3	5(3	NUM
spir-14051	40	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	40	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	40	9	2056305119862641	2056305119862641	NUM
spir-14051	40	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	41	1	https://doi.org/10/gghcnh	https://doi.org/10/gghcnh	PROPN
spir-14051	41	2	coe	coe	PROPN
spir-14051	41	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	41	4	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14051	41	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	41	6	kenski	kenski	PROPN
spir-14051	41	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	41	8	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14051	41	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	41	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14051	41	11	rains	rain	NOUN
spir-14051	41	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	41	13	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14051	41	14	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14051	41	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	41	16	2014	2014	NUM
spir-14051	41	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	41	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	42	1	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	42	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	42	3	uncivil	uncivil	ADJ
spir-14051	42	4	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14051	42	5	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-14051	42	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	42	7	determinants	determinant	NOUN
spir-14051	42	8	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	42	9	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	42	10	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	42	11	newspaper	newspaper	NOUN
spir-14051	42	12	website	website	NOUN
spir-14051	42	13	comments	comment	NOUN
spir-14051	42	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	43	1	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-14051	43	2	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	43	3	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14051	43	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	43	5	64(4	64(4	NUM
spir-14051	43	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	43	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	43	8	658–679	658–679	NUM
spir-14051	43	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	1	https://doi.org/10/f6dxrx	https://doi.org/10/f6dxrx	PROPN
spir-14051	44	2	geschke	geschke	PROPN
spir-14051	44	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	4	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14051	44	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	6	klaßen	klaßen	PROPN
spir-14051	44	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	8	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-14051	44	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	10	quent	quent	PROPN
spir-14051	44	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	12	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-14051	44	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	14	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14051	44	15	richter	richter	PROPN
spir-14051	44	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	17	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-14051	44	18	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	19	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	44	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	44	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	45	1	#	#	NOUN
spir-14051	45	2	hass	hass	VERB
spir-14051	45	3	i	i	PRON
spir-14051	45	4	m	m	VERB
spir-14051	45	5	netz	netz	VERB
spir-14051	45	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	45	7	der	der	ADJ
spir-14051	45	8	schleichende	schleichende	NOUN
spir-14051	45	9	angriff	angriff	PROPN
spir-14051	45	10	auf	auf	PROPN
spir-14051	45	11	unsere	unsere	PROPN
spir-14051	45	12	demokratie	demokratie	PROPN
spir-14051	45	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	46	1	muddiman	muddiman	PROPN
spir-14051	46	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	46	3	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-14051	46	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	46	5	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14051	46	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	46	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	47	1	personal	personal	ADJ
spir-14051	47	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	47	3	public	public	ADJ
spir-14051	47	4	levels	level	NOUN
spir-14051	47	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	47	6	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	47	7	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	47	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	48	1	international	international	ADJ
spir-14051	48	2	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-14051	48	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	48	4	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14051	48	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	48	6	11(0	11(0	PROPN
spir-14051	48	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	48	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	48	9	21	21	NUM
spir-14051	48	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	49	1	ofcom	ofcom	PROPN
spir-14051	49	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	50	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	50	2	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14051	50	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	50	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	51	1	children	child	NOUN
spir-14051	51	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	51	3	parents	parent	NOUN
spir-14051	51	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	51	5	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14051	51	6	use	use	NOUN
spir-14051	51	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	51	8	attitudes	attitude	NOUN
spir-14051	51	9	report	report	NOUN
spir-14051	51	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	52	1	rossini	rossini	PROPN
spir-14051	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	52	3	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-14051	52	4	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	52	5	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14051	52	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	52	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	53	1	beyond	beyond	ADP
spir-14051	53	2	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	53	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14051	53	4	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-14051	53	5	patterns	pattern	NOUN
spir-14051	53	6	of	of	ADP
spir-14051	53	7	uncivil	uncivil	ADJ
spir-14051	53	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14051	53	9	intolerant	intolerant	ADJ
spir-14051	53	10	discourse	discourse	NOUN
spir-14051	53	11	in	in	ADP
spir-14051	53	12	online	online	ADJ
spir-14051	53	13	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	53	14	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-14051	53	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	54	1	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14051	54	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-14051	54	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	54	4	49(3	49(3	PROPN
spir-14051	54	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	54	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	54	7	399–425	399–425	NUM
spir-14051	54	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	55	1	https://doi.org/10/gkfj98	https://doi.org/10/gkfj98	PROPN
spir-14051	55	2	stryker	stryker	PROPN
spir-14051	55	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	55	4	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-14051	55	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	55	6	conway	conway	PROPN
spir-14051	55	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	55	8	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-14051	55	9	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14051	55	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	55	11	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14051	55	12	danielson	danielson	PROPN
spir-14051	55	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	55	14	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14051	55	15	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-14051	55	16	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14051	55	17	2016	2016	NUM
spir-14051	55	18	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	55	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	56	1	what	what	PRON
spir-14051	56	2	is	be	AUX
spir-14051	56	3	political	political	ADJ
spir-14051	56	4	incivility	incivility	NOUN
spir-14051	56	5	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14051	57	1	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14051	57	2	monographs	monograph	NOUN
spir-14051	57	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	57	4	83(4	83(4	NUM
spir-14051	57	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14051	57	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14051	57	7	535–556	535–556	NUM
spir-14051	57	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14051	57	9	https://doi.org/10/dz7s	https://doi.org/10/dz7s	NUM