id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
spir-14101	1	1	selected	select	VERB
spir-14101	1	2	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-14101	1	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	1	4	#	#	SYM
spir-14101	1	5	aoir2024	aoir2024	PROPN
spir-14101	1	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	7	the	the	DET
spir-14101	1	8	25th	25th	ADJ
spir-14101	1	9	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-14101	1	10	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-14101	1	11	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	1	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	1	13	association	association	NOUN
spir-14101	1	14	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	1	15	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14101	1	16	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-14101	1	17	sheffield	sheffield	PROPN
spir-14101	1	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	19	uk	uk	PROPN
spir-14101	1	20	/	/	SYM
spir-14101	1	21	30	30	NUM
spir-14101	1	22	oct	oct	NOUN
spir-14101	1	23	2	2	NUM
spir-14101	1	24	nov	nov	PROPN
spir-14101	1	25	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	1	26	suggested	suggest	VERB
spir-14101	1	27	citation	citation	NOUN
spir-14101	1	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	29	apa	apa	PROPN
spir-14101	1	30	):	):	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	31	abhari	abhari	PROPN
spir-14101	1	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	33	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-14101	1	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	35	tosoni	tosoni	NOUN
spir-14101	1	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	37	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14101	1	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	39	ma	ma	PROPN
spir-14101	1	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	41	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-14101	1	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	43	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	1	44	schneider	schneider	PROPN
spir-14101	1	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	46	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	1	47	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	48	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	1	49	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	50	october	october	PROPN
spir-14101	1	51	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	1	52	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	2	1	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	2	3	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-14101	2	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	2	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	2	6	politicization	politicization	NOUN
spir-14101	2	7	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	2	8	digitally	digitally	ADV
spir-14101	2	9	mediated	mediate	VERB
spir-14101	2	10	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	2	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	3	1	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-14101	3	2	presented	present	VERB
spir-14101	3	3	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	3	4	aoir2024	aoir2024	PROPN
spir-14101	3	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	3	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	3	7	25th	25th	ADJ
spir-14101	3	8	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-14101	3	9	conference	conference	NOUN
spir-14101	3	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	3	11	the	the	DET
spir-14101	3	12	association	association	NOUN
spir-14101	3	13	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	3	14	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14101	3	15	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-14101	3	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	4	1	sheffield	sheffield	PROPN
spir-14101	4	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	4	3	uk	uk	PROPN
spir-14101	4	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	4	5	aoir	aoir	NOUN
spir-14101	4	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	4	7	retrieved	retrieve	VERB
spir-14101	4	8	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	4	9	http://spir.aoir.org	http://spir.aoir.org	PROPN
spir-14101	4	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	5	1	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	5	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	5	3	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-14101	5	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	5	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	5	6	politicization	politicization	NOUN
spir-14101	5	7	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	5	8	digitally	digitally	ADV
spir-14101	5	9	mediated	mediate	VERB
spir-14101	5	10	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	5	11	rod	rod	NOUN
spir-14101	5	12	abhari	abhari	PROPN
spir-14101	5	13	northwestern	northwestern	PROPN
spir-14101	5	14	university	university	NOUN
spir-14101	5	15	simone	simone	NOUN
spir-14101	5	16	tosoni	tosoni	NOUN
spir-14101	5	17	università	università	PROPN
spir-14101	5	18	cattolica	cattolica	PROPN
spir-14101	5	19	del	del	PROPN
spir-14101	5	20	sacro	sacro	PROPN
spir-14101	5	21	cuore	cuore	PROPN
spir-14101	5	22	lai	lai	PROPN
spir-14101	5	23	ma	ma	PROPN
spir-14101	5	24	university	university	PROPN
spir-14101	5	25	college	college	PROPN
spir-14101	5	26	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-14101	5	27	introduction	introduction	NOUN
spir-14101	5	28	the	the	DET
spir-14101	5	29	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14101	5	30	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	5	31	fundamentally	fundamentally	ADV
spir-14101	5	32	changed	change	VERB
spir-14101	5	33	the	the	DET
spir-14101	5	34	architecture	architecture	NOUN
spir-14101	5	35	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	5	36	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	5	37	diffusion	diffusion	NOUN
spir-14101	5	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	5	39	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	5	40	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	5	41	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	5	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	5	43	the	the	DET
spir-14101	5	44	public	public	NOUN
spir-14101	5	45	’s	’s	PART
spir-14101	5	46	relationship	relationship	NOUN
spir-14101	5	47	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	5	48	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	5	49	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	1	new	new	ADJ
spir-14101	6	2	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	6	3	publishing	publishing	NOUN
spir-14101	6	4	technologies	technology	NOUN
spir-14101	6	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	6	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	6	7	preprint	preprint	NOUN
spir-14101	6	8	servers	server	NOUN
spir-14101	6	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	10	open	open	ADJ
spir-14101	6	11	access	access	NOUN
spir-14101	6	12	journals	journal	NOUN
spir-14101	6	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	6	15	shadow	shadow	NOUN
spir-14101	6	16	libraries	library	NOUN
spir-14101	6	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	18	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-14101	6	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	20	sci	sci	PROPN
spir-14101	6	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	22	hub	hub	NOUN
spir-14101	6	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	25	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	6	26	circumvented	circumvent	VERB
spir-14101	6	27	many	many	ADJ
spir-14101	6	28	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	6	29	the	the	DET
spir-14101	6	30	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-14101	6	31	gatekeepers	gatekeeper	NOUN
spir-14101	6	32	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	6	33	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	6	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	35	bucchi	bucchi	NOUN
spir-14101	6	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	37	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	6	38	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	6	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	7	1	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	7	2	access	access	NOUN
spir-14101	7	3	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	7	4	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	7	5	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	7	6	further	far	ADV
spir-14101	7	7	facilitated	facilitate	VERB
spir-14101	7	8	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	7	9	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	7	10	communicators	communicator	NOUN
spir-14101	7	11	who	who	PRON
spir-14101	7	12	post	post	VERB
spir-14101	7	13	popularized	popularized	ADJ
spir-14101	7	14	interpretations	interpretation	NOUN
spir-14101	7	15	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	7	16	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	7	17	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	7	18	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	7	19	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	7	20	blogs	blog	NOUN
spir-14101	7	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	7	22	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	7	23	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	7	24	sites	site	NOUN
spir-14101	7	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	7	26	brennen	brennen	NOUN
spir-14101	7	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	7	28	2018	2018	NUM
spir-14101	7	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	7	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	1	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	8	2	through	through	ADP
spir-14101	8	3	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	8	4	own	own	ADJ
spir-14101	8	5	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14101	8	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	8	7	comments	comment	NOUN
spir-14101	8	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	9	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	8	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	11	engaged	engage	VERB
spir-14101	8	12	publics	public	NOUN
spir-14101	8	13	deliberate	deliberate	ADJ
spir-14101	8	14	over	over	ADP
spir-14101	8	15	these	these	DET
spir-14101	8	16	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	8	17	outputs	output	NOUN
spir-14101	8	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	19	arriving	arrive	VERB
spir-14101	8	20	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	8	21	communal	communal	ADJ
spir-14101	8	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	23	though	though	ADV
spir-14101	8	24	often	often	ADV
spir-14101	8	25	distinct	distinct	ADJ
spir-14101	8	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	27	understandings	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	8	28	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	8	29	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	8	30	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	8	31	should	should	AUX
spir-14101	8	32	affect	affect	VERB
spir-14101	8	33	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	8	34	personal	personal	ADJ
spir-14101	8	35	lives	life	NOUN
spir-14101	8	36	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	37	mede	mede	NOUN
spir-14101	8	38	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	8	39	schäfer	schäfer	NOUN
spir-14101	8	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	41	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	8	42	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	43	van	van	PROPN
spir-14101	8	44	schalkwyk	schalkwyk	PROPN
spir-14101	8	45	et	et	PROPN
spir-14101	8	46	al	al	PROPN
spir-14101	8	47	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	8	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	49	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	8	50	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	8	51	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	9	1	but	but	CCONJ
spir-14101	9	2	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14101	9	3	these	these	DET
spir-14101	9	4	changes	change	NOUN
spir-14101	9	5	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	9	6	made	make	VERB
spir-14101	9	7	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	9	8	more	more	ADV
spir-14101	9	9	publicly	publicly	ADV
spir-14101	9	10	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-14101	9	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	9	12	they	they	PRON
spir-14101	9	13	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	9	14	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	9	15	contributed	contribute	VERB
spir-14101	9	16	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	9	17	a	a	DET
spir-14101	9	18	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	9	19	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	9	20	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	9	21	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	9	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	10	1	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	10	2	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	10	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	10	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	10	5	expert	expert	NOUN
spir-14101	10	6	consensuses	consensus	NOUN
spir-14101	10	7	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	10	8	politicized	politicized	ADJ
spir-14101	10	9	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-14101	10	10	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	10	11	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-14101	10	12	change	change	NOUN
spir-14101	10	13	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	10	14	vaccination	vaccination	NOUN
spir-14101	10	15	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	10	16	routinely	routinely	ADV
spir-14101	10	17	undermined	undermine	VERB
spir-14101	10	18	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	10	19	both	both	CCONJ
spir-14101	10	20	low	low	ADJ
spir-14101	10	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	10	22	quality	quality	NOUN
spir-14101	10	23	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	10	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	10	25	misinterpretations	misinterpretation	NOUN
spir-14101	10	26	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	10	27	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	10	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	10	29	druckman	druckman	NOUN
spir-14101	10	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	10	31	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	10	32	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	10	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	11	1	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	11	2	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	11	3	refers	refer	VERB
spir-14101	11	4	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	11	5	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	11	6	publicly	publicly	ADV
spir-14101	11	7	available	available	ADJ
spir-14101	11	8	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	11	9	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	11	10	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	11	11	misleading	misleading	ADJ
spir-14101	11	12	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	11	13	deceptive	deceptive	ADJ
spir-14101	11	14	relative	relative	ADJ
spir-14101	11	15	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	11	16	the	the	DET
spir-14101	11	17	best	good	ADJ
spir-14101	11	18	available	available	ADJ
spir-14101	11	19	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	11	20	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-14101	11	21	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	11	22	expertise	expertise	NOUN
spir-14101	11	23	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	11	24	the	the	DET
spir-14101	11	25	time	time	NOUN
spir-14101	11	26	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	11	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	11	28	southwell	southwell	PROPN
spir-14101	11	29	et	et	PROPN
spir-14101	11	30	al	al	PROPN
spir-14101	11	31	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	11	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	11	33	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	11	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	11	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	12	1	during	during	ADP
spir-14101	12	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	12	3	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	12	4	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-14101	12	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	12	6	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	12	7	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	12	8	directly	directly	ADV
spir-14101	12	9	undermined	undermine	VERB
spir-14101	12	10	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	12	11	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	12	12	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-14101	12	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	12	14	produced	produce	VERB
spir-14101	12	15	a	a	DET
spir-14101	12	16	measurable	measurable	ADJ
spir-14101	12	17	increase	increase	NOUN
spir-14101	12	18	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	12	19	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	12	20	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	12	21	injuries	injury	NOUN
spir-14101	12	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	12	23	deaths	death	NOUN
spir-14101	12	24	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	12	25	albrecht	albrecht	NOUN
spir-14101	12	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	12	27	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	12	28	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	12	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	13	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	13	2	addition	addition	NOUN
spir-14101	13	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	13	4	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	13	5	presenting	present	VERB
spir-14101	13	6	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	13	7	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-14101	13	8	as	as	ADV
spir-14101	13	9	incompetent	incompetent	ADJ
spir-14101	13	10	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	13	11	politically	politically	ADV
spir-14101	13	12	compromised	compromise	VERB
spir-14101	13	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	13	14	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	13	15	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	13	16	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	13	17	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	13	18	decreased	decrease	VERB
spir-14101	13	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	13	20	overall	overall	ADJ
spir-14101	13	21	levels	level	NOUN
spir-14101	13	22	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	13	23	trust	trust	NOUN
spir-14101	13	24	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	13	25	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	13	26	among	among	ADP
spir-14101	13	27	many	many	ADJ
spir-14101	13	28	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	13	29	demographics	demographic	NOUN
spir-14101	13	30	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	13	31	bolsen	bolsen	NOUN
spir-14101	13	32	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	13	33	palm	palm	PROPN
spir-14101	13	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	13	35	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	13	36	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	13	37	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	14	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	14	2	this	this	DET
spir-14101	14	3	way	way	NOUN
spir-14101	14	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	14	5	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	14	6	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	14	7	may	may	AUX
spir-14101	14	8	have	have	VERB
spir-14101	14	9	immediate	immediate	ADJ
spir-14101	14	10	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14101	14	11	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	14	12	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-14101	14	13	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	14	14	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-14101	14	15	as	as	ADV
spir-14101	14	16	well	well	ADV
spir-14101	14	17	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	14	18	long	long	ADJ
spir-14101	14	19	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	14	20	term	term	NOUN
spir-14101	14	21	consequences	consequence	NOUN
spir-14101	14	22	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	14	23	the	the	DET
spir-14101	14	24	ability	ability	NOUN
spir-14101	14	25	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	14	26	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	14	27	to	to	PART
spir-14101	14	28	contribute	contribute	VERB
spir-14101	14	29	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	14	30	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	14	31	policy	policy	NOUN
spir-14101	14	32	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	14	33	southwell	southwell	PROPN
spir-14101	14	34	et	et	PROPN
spir-14101	14	35	al	al	PROPN
spir-14101	14	36	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	14	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	14	38	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	14	39	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	14	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	15	1	motivated	motivate	VERB
spir-14101	15	2	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	15	3	these	these	DET
spir-14101	15	4	challenges	challenge	NOUN
spir-14101	15	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	15	6	our	our	PRON
spir-14101	15	7	proposed	propose	VERB
spir-14101	15	8	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-14101	15	9	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	15	10	discuss	discuss	VERB
spir-14101	15	11	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	15	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	15	13	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14101	15	14	shapes	shape	VERB
spir-14101	15	15	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	15	16	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	15	17	mis)understandings	mis)understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	15	18	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	15	19	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	15	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	15	21	explore	explore	VERB
spir-14101	15	22	possible	possible	ADJ
spir-14101	15	23	regulatory	regulatory	ADJ
spir-14101	15	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	15	25	design	design	NOUN
spir-14101	15	26	decisions	decision	NOUN
spir-14101	15	27	to	to	PART
spir-14101	15	28	counteract	counteract	VERB
spir-14101	15	29	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	15	30	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	15	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	16	1	our	our	PRON
spir-14101	16	2	proposed	propose	VERB
spir-14101	16	3	panel	panel	NOUN
spir-14101	16	4	consists	consist	VERB
spir-14101	16	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	16	6	three	three	NUM
spir-14101	16	7	panelists	panelist	NOUN
spir-14101	16	8	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	16	9	expertise	expertise	NOUN
spir-14101	16	10	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	16	11	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14101	16	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	16	13	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	16	14	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	16	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	16	16	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	16	17	history	history	NOUN
spir-14101	16	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	17	1	each	each	DET
spir-14101	17	2	panelist	panelist	NOUN
spir-14101	17	3	locates	locate	VERB
spir-14101	17	4	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	17	5	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	17	6	at	at	ADV
spir-14101	17	7	least	least	ADV
spir-14101	17	8	one	one	NUM
spir-14101	17	9	node	node	NOUN
spir-14101	17	10	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	17	11	the	the	DET
spir-14101	17	12	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	17	13	architecture	architecture	NOUN
spir-14101	17	14	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	17	15	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	17	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	17	17	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	17	18	the	the	DET
spir-14101	17	19	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	17	20	skills	skill	NOUN
spir-14101	17	21	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	17	22	the	the	DET
spir-14101	17	23	individual	individual	NOUN
spir-14101	17	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	17	25	the	the	DET
spir-14101	17	26	production	production	NOUN
spir-14101	17	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	17	28	circulation	circulation	NOUN
spir-14101	17	29	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	17	30	flawed	flawed	ADJ
spir-14101	17	31	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	17	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	17	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	17	34	the	the	DET
spir-14101	17	35	mobilization	mobilization	NOUN
spir-14101	17	36	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	17	37	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	17	38	counterpublics	counterpublic	NOUN
spir-14101	17	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	18	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	18	2	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	18	3	the	the	DET
spir-14101	18	4	challenge	challenge	NOUN
spir-14101	18	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	18	6	selecting	select	VERB
spir-14101	18	7	digitally	digitally	ADV
spir-14101	18	8	mediated	mediate	VERB
spir-14101	18	9	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	18	10	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	18	11	compounded	compound	VERB
spir-14101	18	12	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	18	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	18	14	myriad	myriad	ADJ
spir-14101	18	15	channels	channel	NOUN
spir-14101	18	16	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	18	17	accessing	access	VERB
spir-14101	18	18	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	18	19	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	18	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	19	1	some	some	PRON
spir-14101	19	2	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	19	3	these	these	DET
spir-14101	19	4	sources	source	NOUN
spir-14101	19	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	19	6	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	19	7	preprints	preprint	NOUN
spir-14101	19	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	19	9	clickbait	clickbait	ADJ
spir-14101	19	10	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	19	11	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-14101	19	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	19	13	should	should	AUX
spir-14101	19	14	not	not	PART
spir-14101	19	15	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	19	16	interpreted	interpret	VERB
spir-14101	19	17	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	19	18	the	the	DET
spir-14101	19	19	same	same	ADJ
spir-14101	19	20	way	way	NOUN
spir-14101	19	21	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	19	22	peerreviewed	peerreviewe	VERB
spir-14101	19	23	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	19	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	20	2	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	3	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	20	4	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	20	5	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	20	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	20	7	post	post	ADJ
spir-14101	20	8	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	20	9	truth	truth	ADJ
spir-14101	20	10	era	era	NOUN
spir-14101	20	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	12	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	13	our	our	PRON
spir-14101	20	14	second	second	ADJ
spir-14101	20	15	panelist	panelist	NOUN
spir-14101	20	16	describes	describe	VERB
spir-14101	20	17	the	the	DET
spir-14101	20	18	development	development	NOUN
spir-14101	20	19	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	20	20	a	a	DET
spir-14101	20	21	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	20	22	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	20	23	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-14101	20	24	designed	design	VERB
spir-14101	20	25	to	to	PART
spir-14101	20	26	help	help	VERB
spir-14101	20	27	students	student	NOUN
spir-14101	20	28	find	find	VERB
spir-14101	20	29	reliable	reliable	ADJ
spir-14101	20	30	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	20	31	within	within	ADP
spir-14101	20	32	the	the	DET
spir-14101	20	33	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	34	infodemic	infodemic	ADJ
spir-14101	20	35	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	36	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	20	37	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	20	38	abundance	abundance	NOUN
spir-14101	20	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	40	cinelli	cinelli	PROPN
spir-14101	20	41	et	et	PROPN
spir-14101	20	42	al	al	PROPN
spir-14101	20	43	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	20	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	45	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	20	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	20	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	21	1	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	21	2	controversies	controversy	NOUN
spir-14101	21	3	even	even	ADV
spir-14101	21	4	before	before	ADP
spir-14101	21	5	the	the	DET
spir-14101	21	6	internet	internet	NOUN
spir-14101	21	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	21	8	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	21	9	controversies	controversy	NOUN
spir-14101	21	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	21	11	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	21	12	disagreements	disagreement	VERB
spir-14101	21	13	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	21	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	21	15	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
spir-14101	21	16	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	21	17	a	a	DET
spir-14101	21	18	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-14101	21	19	set	set	NOUN
spir-14101	21	20	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	21	21	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	21	22	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-14101	21	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	21	24	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	21	25	generated	generate	VERB
spir-14101	21	26	considerable	considerable	ADJ
spir-14101	21	27	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	21	28	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-14101	21	29	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	22	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	22	2	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	22	3	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	22	4	controversies	controversy	NOUN
spir-14101	22	5	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	22	6	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	22	7	publics	public	NOUN
spir-14101	22	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	22	9	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	22	10	our	our	PRON
spir-14101	22	11	third	third	ADJ
spir-14101	22	12	panelist	panelist	NOUN
spir-14101	22	13	describes	describe	VERB
spir-14101	22	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	22	15	role	role	NOUN
spir-14101	22	16	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	22	17	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	22	18	intermediaries	intermediary	NOUN
spir-14101	22	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	22	20	such	such	ADJ
spir-14101	22	21	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	22	22	wikipedia	wikipedia	PROPN
spir-14101	22	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	22	24	think	think	VERB
spir-14101	22	25	tanks	tank	NOUN
spir-14101	22	26	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	22	27	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	22	28	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
spir-14101	22	29	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	22	30	controversies	controversy	NOUN
spir-14101	22	31	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	22	32	framing	frame	VERB
spir-14101	22	33	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	22	34	facts	fact	NOUN
spir-14101	22	35	through	through	ADP
spir-14101	22	36	disparate	disparate	ADJ
spir-14101	22	37	epistemic	epistemic	ADJ
spir-14101	22	38	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
spir-14101	22	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	23	1	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	23	2	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	23	3	finally	finally	ADV
spir-14101	23	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	23	5	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	23	6	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	23	7	consider	consider	VERB
spir-14101	23	8	the	the	DET
spir-14101	23	9	impact	impact	NOUN
spir-14101	23	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	23	11	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	23	12	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	23	13	arises	arise	VERB
spir-14101	23	14	directly	directly	ADV
spir-14101	23	15	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	23	16	flawed	flawed	ADJ
spir-14101	23	17	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	23	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	24	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14101	24	2	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	24	3	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	24	4	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	24	5	intended	intend	VERB
spir-14101	24	6	to	to	PART
spir-14101	24	7	correct	correct	VERB
spir-14101	24	8	these	these	DET
spir-14101	24	9	types	type	NOUN
spir-14101	24	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	24	11	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	24	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	24	13	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	24	14	a	a	DET
spir-14101	24	15	climate	climate	NOUN
spir-14101	24	16	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	24	17	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	24	18	distrust	distrust	NOUN
spir-14101	24	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	24	20	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	24	21	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	24	22	politicized	politicized	ADJ
spir-14101	24	23	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	24	24	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-14101	24	25	may	may	AUX
spir-14101	24	26	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	24	27	ignored	ignore	VERB
spir-14101	24	28	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	24	29	even	even	ADV
spir-14101	24	30	used	use	VERB
spir-14101	24	31	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	24	32	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-14101	24	33	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	24	34	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	24	35	censorship	censorship	NOUN
spir-14101	24	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	25	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	25	2	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	25	3	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	25	4	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	25	5	fail	fail	VERB
spir-14101	25	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	25	7	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	25	8	our	our	PRON
spir-14101	25	9	final	final	ADJ
spir-14101	25	10	panelist	panelist	NOUN
spir-14101	25	11	presents	present	VERB
spir-14101	25	12	a	a	DET
spir-14101	25	13	typology	typology	NOUN
spir-14101	25	14	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	25	15	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	25	16	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	25	17	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	25	18	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	25	19	arise	arise	VERB
spir-14101	25	20	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	25	21	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	25	22	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	25	23	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	25	24	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	25	25	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	25	26	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	26	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	26	2	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-14101	26	3	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	26	4	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	26	5	identify	identify	VERB
spir-14101	26	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	26	7	relative	relative	ADJ
spir-14101	26	8	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-14101	26	9	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	26	10	each	each	DET
spir-14101	26	11	type	type	NOUN
spir-14101	26	12	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	26	13	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	26	14	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	26	15	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	26	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	26	17	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	26	18	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	26	19	covid19	covid19	NOUN
spir-14101	26	20	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	26	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	27	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-14101	27	2	albrecht	albrecht	PROPN
spir-14101	27	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	27	4	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	27	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	27	6	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	27	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	27	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	28	1	vaccination	vaccination	NOUN
spir-14101	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	28	3	politics	politic	NOUN
spir-14101	28	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	28	5	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	28	6	impacts	impact	NOUN
spir-14101	28	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	29	1	bmc	bmc	ADJ
spir-14101	29	2	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	29	3	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	29	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	29	5	22(1	22(1	NUM
spir-14101	29	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	29	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	29	8	96	96	NUM
spir-14101	29	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	30	1	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12432-x	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12432-x	PROPN
spir-14101	30	2	bolsen	bolsen	PROPN
spir-14101	30	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	30	4	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-14101	30	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	30	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	30	7	palm	palm	PROPN
spir-14101	30	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	30	9	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-14101	30	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	30	11	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	30	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	30	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	31	1	politicization	politicization	NOUN
spir-14101	31	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	31	3	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	31	4	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN
spir-14101	31	5	resistance	resistance	NOUN
spir-14101	31	6	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	31	7	the	the	DET
spir-14101	31	8	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-14101	31	9	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	31	10	progress	progress	NOUN
spir-14101	31	11	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	31	12	molecular	molecular	ADJ
spir-14101	31	13	biology	biology	NOUN
spir-14101	31	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	31	15	translational	translational	ADJ
spir-14101	31	16	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	31	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	31	18	188(1	188(1	NUM
spir-14101	31	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	31	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	31	21	81–100	81–100	NUM
spir-14101	31	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	32	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.10.002	https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.10.002	X
spir-14101	32	2	brennen	brennen	NOUN
spir-14101	32	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	32	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	32	5	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14101	32	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	32	7	2018	2018	NUM
spir-14101	32	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	32	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	33	1	magnetologists	magnetologist	NOUN
spir-14101	33	2	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	33	3	the	the	DET
spir-14101	33	4	beat	beat	NOUN
spir-14101	33	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	33	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	33	7	epistemology	epistemology	NOUN
spir-14101	33	8	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	33	9	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	33	10	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-14101	33	11	reconsidered	reconsider	VERB
spir-14101	33	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	34	1	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14101	34	2	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-14101	34	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	34	4	28(4	28(4	NUM
spir-14101	34	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	34	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	34	7	424–443	424–443	NUM
spir-14101	34	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	35	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty001	https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty001	PROPN
spir-14101	35	2	bucchi	bucchi	NOUN
spir-14101	35	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	35	4	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-14101	35	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	35	6	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	35	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	35	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	36	1	credibility	credibility	NOUN
spir-14101	36	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	36	3	expertise	expertise	NOUN
spir-14101	36	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	36	5	the	the	DET
spir-14101	36	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
spir-14101	36	7	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	36	8	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	36	9	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14101	36	10	2.0	2.0	NUM
spir-14101	36	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	37	1	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	37	2	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	37	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	37	4	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	37	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	37	6	26(8	26(8	NUM
spir-14101	37	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	37	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	37	9	890–893	890–893	NUM
spir-14101	37	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662517733368	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662517733368	X
spir-14101	38	2	cinelli	cinelli	PROPN
spir-14101	38	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	4	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-14101	38	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	6	quattrociocchi	quattrociocchi	ADJ
spir-14101	38	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	8	w.	w.	NOUN
spir-14101	38	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	10	galeazzi	galeazzi	NOUN
spir-14101	38	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	12	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-14101	38	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	14	valensise	valensise	NOUN
spir-14101	38	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	16	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-14101	38	17	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-14101	38	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	19	brugnoli	brugnoli	PROPN
spir-14101	38	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	21	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14101	38	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	23	schmidt	schmidt	PROPN
spir-14101	38	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	25	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14101	38	26	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-14101	38	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	28	zola	zola	PROPN
spir-14101	38	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	30	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-14101	38	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	32	zollo	zollo	PROPN
spir-14101	38	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	34	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-14101	38	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	36	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	38	37	scala	scala	PROPN
spir-14101	38	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	39	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-14101	38	40	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	41	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	38	42	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	38	43	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	39	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	39	2	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	39	3	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	39	4	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	39	5	infodemic	infodemic	ADJ
spir-14101	39	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	40	1	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	40	2	reports	report	NOUN
spir-14101	40	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	40	4	10(1	10(1	NUM
spir-14101	40	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	40	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	40	7	16598	16598	NUM
spir-14101	40	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	41	1	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73510-5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73510-5	NUM
spir-14101	41	2	druckman	druckman	NOUN
spir-14101	41	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	41	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	41	5	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-14101	41	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	41	7	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	41	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	41	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	42	1	threats	threat	NOUN
spir-14101	42	2	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	42	3	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	42	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	42	5	politicization	politicization	NOUN
spir-14101	42	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	42	7	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	42	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	42	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	42	10	inequalities	inequality	NOUN
spir-14101	42	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	43	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	43	2	annals	annal	NOUN
spir-14101	43	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	43	4	the	the	DET
spir-14101	43	5	american	american	PROPN
spir-14101	43	6	academy	academy	PROPN
spir-14101	43	7	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	43	8	political	political	ADJ
spir-14101	43	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	43	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	43	11	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	43	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	43	13	700(1	700(1	NUM
spir-14101	43	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	43	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	43	16	8–24	8–24	PROPN
spir-14101	43	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	43	18	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221095431	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221095431	X
spir-14101	44	1	mede	mede	NOUN
spir-14101	44	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	44	3	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-14101	44	4	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-14101	44	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	44	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	44	7	schäfer	schäfer	NOUN
spir-14101	44	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	44	9	m.	m.	NOUN
spir-14101	44	10	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14101	44	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	44	12	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	44	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	44	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	45	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	45	2	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	45	3	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	45	4	populism	populism	NOUN
spir-14101	45	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	45	6	conceptualizing	conceptualize	VERB
spir-14101	45	7	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-14101	45	8	demands	demand	NOUN
spir-14101	45	9	toward	toward	ADP
spir-14101	45	10	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	45	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	46	1	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	46	2	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	46	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	46	4	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	46	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	46	6	29(5	29(5	NUM
spir-14101	46	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	46	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	46	9	473	473	NUM
spir-14101	46	10	–	–	PUNCT
spir-14101	46	11	491	491	NUM
spir-14101	46	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662520924259	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662520924259	NOUN
spir-14101	47	2	southwell	southwell	PROPN
spir-14101	47	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	4	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-14101	47	5	g.	g.	PROPN
spir-14101	47	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	7	brennen	brennen	PROPN
spir-14101	47	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	9	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	47	10	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14101	47	11	b.	b.	PROPN
spir-14101	47	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	13	paquin	paquin	PROPN
spir-14101	47	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	15	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-14101	47	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	17	boudewyns	boudewyns	PROPN
spir-14101	47	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	19	v.	v.	ADV
spir-14101	47	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	21	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	47	22	zeng	zeng	PROPN
spir-14101	47	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	24	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	47	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	26	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	47	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	47	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	48	1	defining	define	VERB
spir-14101	48	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	48	3	measuring	measure	VERB
spir-14101	48	4	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	48	5	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	48	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	49	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	49	2	annals	annal	NOUN
spir-14101	49	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	49	4	the	the	DET
spir-14101	49	5	american	american	PROPN
spir-14101	49	6	academy	academy	PROPN
spir-14101	49	7	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	49	8	political	political	ADJ
spir-14101	49	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	49	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	49	11	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	49	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	49	13	700(1	700(1	NUM
spir-14101	49	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	49	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	49	16	98–111	98–111	PROPN
spir-14101	49	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	50	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221084709	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221084709	PROPN
spir-14101	50	2	van	van	PROPN
spir-14101	50	3	schalkwyk	schalkwyk	PROPN
spir-14101	50	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	50	5	f.	f.	PROPN
spir-14101	50	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	50	7	dudek	dudek	PROPN
spir-14101	50	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	50	9	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	50	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	50	11	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	50	12	costas	costas	PROPN
spir-14101	50	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	50	14	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-14101	50	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	50	16	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	50	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	50	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	51	1	communities	community	NOUN
spir-14101	51	2	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	51	3	shared	share	VERB
spir-14101	51	4	interests	interest	NOUN
spir-14101	51	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	51	6	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
spir-14101	51	7	bridges	bridge	NOUN
spir-14101	51	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	51	9	the	the	DET
spir-14101	51	10	case	case	NOUN
spir-14101	51	11	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	51	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	51	13	anti	anti	ADJ
spir-14101	51	14	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	51	15	vaccination	vaccination	ADJ
spir-14101	51	16	movement	movement	NOUN
spir-14101	51	17	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	51	18	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-14101	51	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	52	1	scientometrics	scientometric	NOUN
spir-14101	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	52	3	125(2	125(2	NUM
spir-14101	52	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	52	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	52	6	1499–1516	1499–1516	NUM
spir-14101	52	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	53	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03551-0	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03551-0	NUM
spir-14101	53	2	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12432-x	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12432-x	NOUN
spir-14101	53	3	https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.10.002	https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.10.002	NOUN
spir-14101	53	4	https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty001	https://doi.org/10.1093/ct/qty001	PROPN
spir-14101	53	5	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662517733368	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662517733368	X
spir-14101	53	6	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73510-5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-73510-5	NUM
spir-14101	53	7	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221095431	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221095431	X
spir-14101	53	8	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662520924259	https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662520924259	NOUN
spir-14101	53	9	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221084709	https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221084709	VERB
spir-14101	53	10	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03551-0	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03551-0	VERB
spir-14101	53	11	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	53	12	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	53	13	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	53	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	53	15	post	post	ADJ
spir-14101	53	16	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	53	17	truth	truth	ADJ
spir-14101	53	18	era	era	NOUN
spir-14101	53	19	lai	lai	PROPN
spir-14101	53	20	ma	ma	PROPN
spir-14101	53	21	university	university	PROPN
spir-14101	53	22	college	college	PROPN
spir-14101	53	23	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-14101	53	24	science	science	PROPN
spir-14101	53	25	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-14101	53	26	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	53	27	inform	inform	VERB
spir-14101	53	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	53	29	influence	influence	VERB
spir-14101	53	30	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	53	31	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	53	32	policies	policy	NOUN
spir-14101	53	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	53	34	stimulate	stimulate	VERB
spir-14101	53	35	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	53	36	debates	debate	NOUN
spir-14101	53	37	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	53	38	topics	topic	NOUN
spir-14101	53	39	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	53	40	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
spir-14101	53	41	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	53	42	artificial	artificial	ADJ
spir-14101	53	43	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
spir-14101	53	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	53	45	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	53	46	cloning	cloning	NOUN
spir-14101	53	47	technologies	technology	NOUN
spir-14101	53	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	54	1	however	however	ADV
spir-14101	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	54	3	they	they	PRON
spir-14101	54	4	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	54	5	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	54	6	become	become	VERB
spir-14101	54	7	a	a	DET
spir-14101	54	8	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN
spir-14101	54	9	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	54	10	spreading	spread	VERB
spir-14101	54	11	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	54	12	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	54	13	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	54	14	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	54	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	54	16	even	even	ADV
spir-14101	54	17	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	54	18	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	54	19	/	/	SYM
spir-14101	54	20	if	if	SCONJ
spir-14101	54	21	they	they	PRON
spir-14101	54	22	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	54	23	misinterpreted	misinterpret	VERB
spir-14101	54	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	54	25	especially	especially	ADV
spir-14101	54	26	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	54	27	less	less	ADV
spir-14101	54	28	welltrained	welltraine	VERB
spir-14101	54	29	journalists	journalist	NOUN
spir-14101	54	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	54	31	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
spir-14101	54	32	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	54	33	media	media	NOUN
spir-14101	54	34	influencers	influencer	NOUN
spir-14101	54	35	produce	produce	VERB
spir-14101	54	36	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	54	37	click	click	VERB
spir-14101	54	38	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	54	39	bait	bait	NOUN
spir-14101	54	40	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	54	41	pieces	piece	NOUN
spir-14101	54	42	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	54	43	gain	gain	NOUN
spir-14101	54	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	55	1	there	there	PRON
spir-14101	55	2	were	be	VERB
spir-14101	55	3	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	55	4	instances	instance	NOUN
spir-14101	55	5	where	where	SCONJ
spir-14101	55	6	inconclusive	inconclusive	ADJ
spir-14101	55	7	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	55	8	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	55	9	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	55	10	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	55	11	become	become	VERB
spir-14101	55	12	headlines	headline	NOUN
spir-14101	55	13	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	55	14	a	a	DET
spir-14101	55	15	well	well	ADV
spir-14101	55	16	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	55	17	known	know	VERB
spir-14101	55	18	example	example	NOUN
spir-14101	55	19	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	55	20	the	the	DET
spir-14101	55	21	false	false	ADJ
spir-14101	55	22	reporting	reporting	NOUN
spir-14101	55	23	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	55	24	the	the	DET
spir-14101	55	25	mmr	mmr	PROPN
spir-14101	55	26	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN
spir-14101	55	27	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	55	28	a	a	DET
spir-14101	55	29	cause	cause	NOUN
spir-14101	55	30	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	55	31	autism	autism	NOUN
spir-14101	55	32	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	55	33	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	55	34	influenced	influence	VERB
spir-14101	55	35	the	the	DET
spir-14101	55	36	anti	anti	ADJ
spir-14101	55	37	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	55	38	vaccination	vaccination	ADJ
spir-14101	55	39	movements	movement	NOUN
spir-14101	55	40	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	55	41	the	the	DET
spir-14101	55	42	current	current	ADJ
spir-14101	55	43	measles	measle	NOUN
spir-14101	55	44	outbreak	outbreak	VERB
spir-14101	55	45	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	55	46	europe	europe	PROPN
spir-14101	55	47	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	55	48	european	european	ADJ
spir-14101	55	49	centre	centre	NOUN
spir-14101	55	50	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	55	51	disease	disease	NOUN
spir-14101	55	52	prevention	prevention	NOUN
spir-14101	55	53	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	55	54	control	control	NOUN
spir-14101	55	55	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	55	56	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	55	57	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	55	58	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	56	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	56	2	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-14101	56	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	56	4	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	56	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	56	6	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	56	7	during	during	ADP
spir-14101	56	8	the	the	DET
spir-14101	56	9	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	56	10	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
spir-14101	56	11	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	56	12	raised	raise	VERB
spir-14101	56	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	56	14	need	need	NOUN
spir-14101	56	15	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	56	16	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	56	17	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	56	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	56	19	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	56	20	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	56	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	56	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	56	23	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	56	24	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	56	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	57	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	57	2	world	world	PROPN
spir-14101	57	3	health	health	PROPN
spir-14101	57	4	organization	organization	NOUN
spir-14101	57	5	defines	define	VERB
spir-14101	57	6	an	an	DET
spir-14101	57	7	infodemic	infodemic	ADJ
spir-14101	57	8	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	57	9	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	57	10	too	too	ADV
spir-14101	57	11	much	much	ADJ
spir-14101	57	12	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	57	13	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	57	14	false	false	ADJ
spir-14101	57	15	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	57	16	misleading	misleading	ADJ
spir-14101	57	17	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	57	18	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	57	19	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	57	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	57	21	physical	physical	ADJ
spir-14101	57	22	environments	environment	NOUN
spir-14101	57	23	during	during	ADP
spir-14101	57	24	a	a	DET
spir-14101	57	25	disease	disease	NOUN
spir-14101	57	26	outbreak	outbreak	NOUN
spir-14101	57	27	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	57	28	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	57	29	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	57	30	harm	harm	VERB
spir-14101	57	31	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	57	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	57	33	undermine	undermine	VERB
spir-14101	57	34	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	57	35	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	57	36	responses	response	NOUN
spir-14101	57	37	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	57	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	57	39	who	who	PRON
spir-14101	57	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	57	41	n.d	n.d	PROPN
spir-14101	57	42	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	57	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	57	44	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	58	1	these	these	DET
spir-14101	58	2	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-14101	58	3	become	become	VERB
spir-14101	58	4	more	more	ADV
spir-14101	58	5	problematic	problematic	ADJ
spir-14101	58	6	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	58	7	the	the	DET
spir-14101	58	8	general	general	ADJ
spir-14101	58	9	educated	educate	VERB
spir-14101	58	10	public	public	NOUN
spir-14101	58	11	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	58	12	limited	limit	VERB
spir-14101	58	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	58	14	if	if	SCONJ
spir-14101	58	15	any	any	PRON
spir-14101	58	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	58	17	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	58	18	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	58	19	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	58	20	what	what	PRON
spir-14101	58	21	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	58	22	means	mean	VERB
spir-14101	58	23	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	58	24	terms	term	NOUN
spir-14101	58	25	such	such	ADJ
spir-14101	58	26	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	58	27	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	58	28	peer	peer	NOUN
spir-14101	58	29	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	58	30	reviewed	review	VERB
spir-14101	58	31	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	58	32	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	58	33	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	58	34	preprint	preprint	NOUN
spir-14101	58	35	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	58	36	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	59	1	basic	basic	ADJ
spir-14101	59	2	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	59	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	59	4	terms	term	NOUN
spir-14101	59	5	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	59	6	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	59	7	academic	academic	ADJ
spir-14101	59	8	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	59	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	59	10	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-14101	59	11	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	59	12	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	59	13	fundamental	fundamental	ADJ
spir-14101	59	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	59	15	necessary	necessary	ADJ
spir-14101	59	16	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	59	17	tackling	tackle	VERB
spir-14101	59	18	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	59	19	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	59	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	59	21	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	59	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	1	however	however	ADV
spir-14101	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	3	little	little	ADJ
spir-14101	60	4	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-14101	60	5	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	60	6	been	be	AUX
spir-14101	60	7	placed	place	VERB
spir-14101	60	8	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	60	9	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	60	10	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	60	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	12	defined	define	VERB
spir-14101	60	13	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	60	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	60	15	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	16	familiarity	familiarity	NOUN
spir-14101	60	17	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	60	18	the	the	DET
spir-14101	60	19	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
spir-14101	60	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	60	21	practice	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	60	22	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	60	23	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	60	24	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	25	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	26	snow	snow	NOUN
spir-14101	60	27	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	60	28	dibner	dibner	NOUN
spir-14101	60	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	30	2016	2016	NUM
spir-14101	60	31	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	32	see	see	VERB
spir-14101	60	33	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	60	34	howell	howell	PROPN
spir-14101	60	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	36	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	60	37	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	60	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	61	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	61	2	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	61	3	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	61	4	significant	significant	ADJ
spir-14101	61	5	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	61	6	understanding	understand	VERB
spir-14101	61	7	reports	report	NOUN
spir-14101	61	8	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	61	9	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	61	10	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	61	11	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	61	12	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	61	13	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	61	14	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-14101	61	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	61	16	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	61	17	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	61	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	61	19	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
spir-14101	61	20	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	61	21	credibility	credibility	NOUN
spir-14101	61	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	61	23	reliability	reliability	NOUN
spir-14101	61	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	62	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	62	2	following	follow	VERB
spir-14101	62	3	examples	example	NOUN
spir-14101	62	4	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
spir-14101	62	5	some	some	PRON
spir-14101	62	6	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	62	7	the	the	DET
spir-14101	62	8	terms	term	NOUN
spir-14101	62	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	62	10	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-14101	62	11	reported	report	VERB
spir-14101	62	12	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	62	13	mass	mass	ADJ
spir-14101	62	14	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	62	15	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	62	16	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	62	17	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	62	18	germany	germany	PROPN
spir-14101	62	19	claim	claim	NOUN
spir-14101	62	20	to	to	PART
spir-14101	62	21	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	62	22	cracked	crack	VERB
spir-14101	62	23	the	the	DET
spir-14101	62	24	cause	cause	NOUN
spir-14101	62	25	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	62	26	the	the	DET
spir-14101	62	27	rare	rare	ADJ
spir-14101	62	28	blood	blood	NOUN
spir-14101	62	29	clots	clot	NOUN
spir-14101	62	30	linked	link	VERB
spir-14101	62	31	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	62	32	the	the	DET
spir-14101	62	33	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-14101	62	34	/	/	SYM
spir-14101	62	35	astrazeneca	astrazeneca	PROPN
spir-14101	62	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	62	37	johnson	johnson	PROPN
spir-14101	62	38	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	62	39	johnson	johnson	PROPN
spir-14101	62	40	coronavirus	coronavirus	PROPN
spir-14101	62	41	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN
spir-14101	62	42	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	62	43	believe	believe	VERB
spir-14101	62	44	the	the	DET
spir-14101	62	45	jabs	jab	NOUN
spir-14101	62	46	could	could	AUX
spir-14101	62	47	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	62	48	tweaked	tweak	VERB
spir-14101	62	49	to	to	PART
spir-14101	62	50	stop	stop	VERB
spir-14101	62	51	the	the	DET
spir-14101	62	52	reaction	reaction	NOUN
spir-14101	62	53	happening	happen	VERB
spir-14101	62	54	altogether	altogether	ADV
spir-14101	62	55	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	63	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	2	delivery	delivery	NOUN
spir-14101	63	3	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
spir-14101	63	4	means	mean	VERB
spir-14101	63	5	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	6	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN
spir-14101	63	7	send	send	VERB
spir-14101	63	8	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	9	dna	dna	PROPN
spir-14101	63	10	gene	gene	NOUN
spir-14101	63	11	sequences	sequence	NOUN
spir-14101	63	12	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	63	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	14	spike	spike	ADJ
spir-14101	63	15	protein	protein	NOUN
spir-14101	63	16	into	into	ADP
spir-14101	63	17	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	18	cell	cell	NOUN
spir-14101	63	19	nucleus	nucleus	NOUN
spir-14101	63	20	rather	rather	ADV
spir-14101	63	21	than	than	ADP
spir-14101	63	22	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	23	cytosol	cytosol	NOUN
spir-14101	63	24	fluid	fluid	NOUN
spir-14101	63	25	found	find	VERB
spir-14101	63	26	inside	inside	ADP
spir-14101	63	27	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	28	cell	cell	NOUN
spir-14101	63	29	where	where	SCONJ
spir-14101	63	30	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	31	virus	virus	NOUN
spir-14101	63	32	normally	normally	ADV
spir-14101	63	33	produces	produce	VERB
spir-14101	63	34	proteins	protein	NOUN
spir-14101	63	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	63	36	prof	prof	NOUN
spir-14101	63	37	marschalek	marschalek	NOUN
spir-14101	63	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	63	39	other	other	ADJ
spir-14101	63	40	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	63	41	said	say	VERB
spir-14101	63	42	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	63	43	a	a	DET
spir-14101	63	44	preprint	preprint	NOUN
spir-14101	63	45	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-14101	63	46	released	release	VERB
spir-14101	63	47	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	63	48	wednesday.(the	wednesday.(the	PROPN
spir-14101	63	49	irish	irish	PROPN
spir-14101	63	50	times	times	PROPN
spir-14101	63	51	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	63	52	2021	2021	NUM
spir-14101	63	53	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	63	54	early	early	ADJ
spir-14101	63	55	results	result	NOUN
spir-14101	63	56	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	63	57	a	a	DET
spir-14101	63	58	small	small	ADJ
spir-14101	63	59	clinical	clinical	ADJ
spir-14101	63	60	trial	trial	NOUN
spir-14101	63	61	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	63	62	presented	present	VERB
spir-14101	63	63	february	february	PROPN
spir-14101	63	64	17	17	NUM
spir-14101	63	65	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	63	66	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	67	annual	annual	ADJ
spir-14101	63	68	meeting	meeting	NOUN
spir-14101	63	69	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	63	70	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	71	american	american	PROPN
spir-14101	63	72	association	association	PROPN
spir-14101	63	73	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	63	74	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	75	advancement	advancement	NOUN
spir-14101	63	76	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	63	77	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	63	78	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	63	79	suggest	suggest	VERB
spir-14101	63	80	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	63	81	a	a	DET
spir-14101	63	82	close	close	ADJ
spir-14101	63	83	relative	relative	NOUN
spir-14101	63	84	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	63	85	the	the	DET
spir-14101	63	86	weight	weight	NOUN
spir-14101	63	87	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	63	88	loss	loss	NOUN
spir-14101	63	89	drugs	drug	NOUN
spir-14101	63	90	wegovy	wegovy	NOUN
spir-14101	63	91	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	63	92	ozempic	ozempic	NOUN
spir-14101	63	93	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-14101	63	94	lessened	lessen	VERB
spir-14101	63	95	cravings	craving	NOUN
spir-14101	63	96	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	63	97	opioids	opioid	NOUN
spir-14101	63	98	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	63	99	people	people	NOUN
spir-14101	63	100	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	63	101	opioid	opioid	ADJ
spir-14101	63	102	use	use	NOUN
spir-14101	63	103	disorder	disorder	NOUN
spir-14101	63	104	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	64	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	64	2	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	64	3	news	news	NOUN
spir-14101	64	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	64	5	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	64	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	64	7	efforts	effort	NOUN
spir-14101	64	8	to	to	PART
spir-14101	64	9	reproduce	reproduce	VERB
spir-14101	64	10	the	the	DET
spir-14101	64	11	work	work	NOUN
spir-14101	64	12	showed	show	VERB
spir-14101	64	13	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	64	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	64	15	enzymes	enzyme	NOUN
spir-14101	64	16	do	do	AUX
spir-14101	64	17	not	not	PART
spir-14101	64	18	catalyze	catalyze	VERB
spir-14101	64	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	64	20	reactions	reaction	NOUN
spir-14101	64	21	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	64	22	the	the	DET
spir-14101	64	23	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-14101	64	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	64	25	selectivities	selectivity	NOUN
spir-14101	64	26	claimed	claim	VERB
spir-14101	64	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	65	1	careful	careful	ADJ
spir-14101	65	2	examination	examination	NOUN
spir-14101	65	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	65	4	the	the	DET
spir-14101	65	5	first	first	ADJ
spir-14101	65	6	author	author	NOUN
spir-14101	65	7	's	's	PART
spir-14101	65	8	lab	lab	NOUN
spir-14101	65	9	notebook	notebook	NOUN
spir-14101	65	10	then	then	ADV
spir-14101	65	11	revealed	reveal	VERB
spir-14101	65	12	missing	miss	VERB
spir-14101	65	13	contemporaneous	contemporaneous	ADJ
spir-14101	65	14	entries	entry	NOUN
spir-14101	65	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	65	16	raw	raw	ADJ
spir-14101	65	17	data	datum	NOUN
spir-14101	65	18	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	65	19	key	key	ADJ
spir-14101	65	20	experiments	experiment	NOUN
spir-14101	65	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	66	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	66	2	authors	author	NOUN
spir-14101	66	3	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	66	4	therefore	therefore	ADV
spir-14101	66	5	retracting	retract	VERB
spir-14101	66	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	66	7	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-14101	66	8	…	…	PUNCT
spir-14101	66	9	the	the	DET
spir-14101	66	10	announcement	announcement	NOUN
spir-14101	66	11	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	66	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	66	13	latest	late	ADJ
spir-14101	66	14	example	example	NOUN
spir-14101	66	15	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	66	16	the	the	DET
spir-14101	66	17	reproducibility	reproducibility	NOUN
spir-14101	66	18	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	66	19	facing	face	VERB
spir-14101	66	20	the	the	DET
spir-14101	66	21	sciences	science	NOUN
spir-14101	66	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	67	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	67	2	bbc	bbc	PROPN
spir-14101	67	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	67	4	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	67	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	67	6	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	67	7	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	67	8	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	67	9	not	not	PART
spir-14101	67	10	only	only	ADV
spir-14101	67	11	important	important	ADJ
spir-14101	67	12	during	during	ADP
spir-14101	67	13	a	a	DET
spir-14101	67	14	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-14101	67	15	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	67	16	a	a	DET
spir-14101	67	17	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	67	18	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	67	19	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	67	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-14101	68	2	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	68	3	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	68	4	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14101	68	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	68	6	news	news	NOUN
spir-14101	68	7	reports	report	NOUN
spir-14101	68	8	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	68	9	anxiety	anxiety	NOUN
spir-14101	68	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	11	stress	stress	NOUN
spir-14101	68	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	13	diet	diet	NOUN
spir-14101	68	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	15	weight	weight	NOUN
spir-14101	68	16	loss	loss	NOUN
spir-14101	68	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	18	birth	birth	NOUN
spir-14101	68	19	control	control	NOUN
spir-14101	68	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	21	vaccinations	vaccination	NOUN
spir-14101	68	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	68	24	so	so	ADV
spir-14101	68	25	on	on	ADV
spir-14101	68	26	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	68	27	consumed	consume	VERB
spir-14101	68	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	68	29	shared	share	VERB
spir-14101	68	30	every	every	DET
spir-14101	68	31	day	day	NOUN
spir-14101	68	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	33	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	68	34	sleepy	sleepy	ADJ
spir-14101	68	35	girl	girl	NOUN
spir-14101	68	36	mocktail	mocktail	NOUN
spir-14101	68	37	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	38	the	the	DET
spir-14101	68	39	new	new	PROPN
spir-14101	68	40	york	york	PROPN
spir-14101	68	41	times	times	PROPN
spir-14101	68	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	43	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	68	44	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	46	ozempic	ozempic	NOUN
spir-14101	68	47	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	68	48	weight	weight	NOUN
spir-14101	68	49	loss	loss	NOUN
spir-14101	68	50	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	51	the	the	DET
spir-14101	68	52	new	new	PROPN
spir-14101	68	53	york	york	PROPN
spir-14101	68	54	times	times	PROPN
spir-14101	68	55	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	56	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	68	57	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	58	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	59	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	68	60	more	more	ADV
spir-14101	68	61	serious	serious	ADJ
spir-14101	68	62	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	68	63	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-14101	68	64	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	68	65	the	the	DET
spir-14101	68	66	general	general	ADJ
spir-14101	68	67	public	public	NOUN
spir-14101	68	68	should	should	AUX
spir-14101	68	69	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	68	70	equipped	equip	VERB
spir-14101	68	71	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	68	72	basic	basic	ADJ
spir-14101	68	73	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	68	74	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	68	75	terms	term	NOUN
spir-14101	68	76	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	68	77	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	68	78	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	68	79	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	68	80	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-14101	68	81	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	68	82	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	69	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	69	2	necessity	necessity	NOUN
spir-14101	69	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	69	4	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	69	5	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	69	6	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	69	7	compounded	compound	VERB
spir-14101	69	8	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	69	9	the	the	DET
spir-14101	69	10	proliferation	proliferation	NOUN
spir-14101	69	11	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	69	12	preprints	preprint	NOUN
spir-14101	69	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	69	14	an	an	DET
spir-14101	69	15	increasing	increase	VERB
spir-14101	69	16	number	number	NOUN
spir-14101	69	17	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	69	18	open	open	ADJ
spir-14101	69	19	access	access	NOUN
spir-14101	69	20	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	69	21	which	which	PRON
spir-14101	69	22	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	69	23	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	69	24	read	read	VERB
spir-14101	69	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	69	26	but	but	CCONJ
spir-14101	69	27	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	69	28	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	69	29	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	69	30	potentially	potentially	ADV
spir-14101	69	31	misunderstood	misunderstood	ADJ
spir-14101	69	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	69	33	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	69	34	journalists	journalist	NOUN
spir-14101	69	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	69	36	the	the	DET
spir-14101	69	37	general	general	ADJ
spir-14101	69	38	public	public	NOUN
spir-14101	69	39	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	70	1	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	70	2	instance	instance	NOUN
spir-14101	70	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	70	4	over	over	ADP
spir-14101	70	5	28,000	28,000	NUM
spir-14101	70	6	preprint	preprint	NOUN
spir-14101	70	7	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	70	8	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	70	9	been	be	AUX
spir-14101	70	10	uploaded	upload	VERB
spir-14101	70	11	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	70	12	medrxiv	medrxiv	NOUN
spir-14101	70	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	70	14	biorxiv	biorxiv	NOUN
spir-14101	70	15	since	since	SCONJ
spir-14101	70	16	the	the	DET
spir-14101	70	17	beginning	beginning	NOUN
spir-14101	70	18	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	70	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	70	20	covid19	covid19	NOUN
spir-14101	70	21	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-14101	70	22	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	71	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14101	71	2	these	these	DET
spir-14101	71	3	preprints	preprint	NOUN
spir-14101	71	4	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	71	5	valuable	valuable	ADJ
spir-14101	71	6	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	71	7	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	71	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	71	9	researchers	researcher	NOUN
spir-14101	71	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	71	11	the	the	DET
spir-14101	71	12	majority	majority	NOUN
spir-14101	71	13	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	71	14	not	not	PART
spir-14101	71	15	been	be	AUX
spir-14101	71	16	peer	peer	NOUN
spir-14101	71	17	reviewed	review	VERB
spir-14101	71	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	71	19	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	71	20	not	not	PART
spir-14101	71	21	suitable	suitable	ADJ
spir-14101	71	22	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	71	23	journalistic	journalistic	ADJ
spir-14101	71	24	reports	report	NOUN
spir-14101	71	25	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	71	26	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	71	27	consumption	consumption	NOUN
spir-14101	71	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	72	1	further	far	ADV
spir-14101	72	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	72	3	there	there	PRON
spir-14101	72	4	is	be	VERB
spir-14101	72	5	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	72	6	a	a	DET
spir-14101	72	7	need	need	NOUN
spir-14101	72	8	for	for	SCONJ
spir-14101	72	9	the	the	DET
spir-14101	72	10	public	public	NOUN
spir-14101	72	11	to	to	PART
spir-14101	72	12	discern	discern	VERB
spir-14101	72	13	potential	potential	ADJ
spir-14101	72	14	commercial	commercial	ADJ
spir-14101	72	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	72	16	political	political	ADJ
spir-14101	72	17	influences	influence	NOUN
spir-14101	72	18	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	72	19	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	72	20	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	72	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	72	22	oreskes	oreske	NOUN
spir-14101	72	23	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	72	24	conway	conway	PROPN
spir-14101	72	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	72	26	2010	2010	NUM
spir-14101	72	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	72	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	72	29	the	the	DET
spir-14101	72	30	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
spir-14101	72	31	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	72	32	which	which	PRON
spir-14101	72	33	false	false	ADJ
spir-14101	72	34	beliefs	belief	NOUN
spir-14101	72	35	form	form	VERB
spir-14101	72	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	72	37	spread	spread	VERB
spir-14101	72	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	72	39	o’connor	o’connor	ADV
spir-14101	72	40	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	72	41	weatherall	weatherall	PROPN
spir-14101	72	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	72	43	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14101	72	44	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	72	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	73	1	ma	ma	PROPN
spir-14101	73	2	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	73	3	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	73	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	73	5	argues	argue	VERB
spir-14101	73	6	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	73	7	the	the	DET
spir-14101	73	8	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	73	9	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	73	10	the	the	DET
spir-14101	73	11	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	73	12	process	process	NOUN
spir-14101	73	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	73	14	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	73	15	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-14101	73	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	73	17	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	73	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	73	19	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	73	20	produced	produce	VERB
spir-14101	73	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	73	22	published	publish	VERB
spir-14101	73	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	73	24	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	73	25	vital	vital	ADJ
spir-14101	73	26	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	73	27	combatting	combat	VERB
spir-14101	73	28	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	73	29	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	73	30	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	73	31	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	73	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	74	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	74	2	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	74	3	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	74	4	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	74	5	considered	consider	VERB
spir-14101	74	6	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	74	7	a	a	DET
spir-14101	74	8	subsidiary	subsidiary	NOUN
spir-14101	74	9	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	74	10	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	74	11	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	74	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	74	13	but	but	CCONJ
spir-14101	74	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	74	15	term	term	NOUN
spir-14101	74	16	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	74	17	not	not	PART
spir-14101	74	18	commonly	commonly	ADV
spir-14101	74	19	understood	understand	VERB
spir-14101	74	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	74	21	its	its	PRON
spir-14101	74	22	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	74	23	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	74	24	not	not	PART
spir-14101	74	25	well	well	ADV
spir-14101	74	26	developed	develop	VERB
spir-14101	74	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	75	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	75	2	overall	overall	ADJ
spir-14101	75	3	aim	aim	NOUN
spir-14101	75	4	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	75	5	the	the	DET
spir-14101	75	6	project	project	NOUN
spir-14101	75	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	75	8	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	75	9	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	75	10	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	75	11	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	75	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	75	13	post	post	ADJ
spir-14101	75	14	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	75	15	truth	truth	ADJ
spir-14101	75	16	era	era	NOUN
spir-14101	75	17	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	75	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	75	19	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	75	20	to	to	PART
spir-14101	75	21	develop	develop	VERB
spir-14101	75	22	a	a	DET
spir-14101	75	23	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	75	24	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	75	25	competence	competence	NOUN
spir-14101	75	26	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-14101	75	27	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	75	28	undergraduate	undergraduate	ADJ
spir-14101	75	29	curriculum	curriculum	NOUN
spir-14101	75	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	76	1	before	before	ADP
spir-14101	76	2	working	work	VERB
spir-14101	76	3	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	76	4	the	the	DET
spir-14101	76	5	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-14101	76	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	76	7	there	there	PRON
spir-14101	76	8	are	be	VERB
spir-14101	76	9	two	two	NUM
spir-14101	76	10	main	main	ADJ
spir-14101	76	11	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	76	12	questions	question	NOUN
spir-14101	76	13	to	to	PART
spir-14101	76	14	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	76	15	addressed	address	VERB
spir-14101	76	16	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	76	17	1	1	X
spir-14101	76	18	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	76	19	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	76	20	do	do	AUX
spir-14101	76	21	undergraduate	undergraduate	VERB
spir-14101	76	22	students	student	NOUN
spir-14101	76	23	respond	respond	VERB
spir-14101	76	24	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	76	25	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	76	26	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	76	27	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	76	28	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	76	29	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	76	30	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	76	31	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	76	32	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-14101	76	33	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	76	34	other	other	ADJ
spir-14101	76	35	news	news	NOUN
spir-14101	76	36	outlets	outlet	NOUN
spir-14101	76	37	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	77	1	2	2	X
spir-14101	77	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	77	3	do	do	AUX
spir-14101	77	4	undergraduate	undergraduate	NOUN
spir-14101	77	5	students	student	NOUN
spir-14101	77	6	understand	understand	VERB
spir-14101	77	7	terms	term	NOUN
spir-14101	77	8	such	such	ADJ
spir-14101	77	9	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	77	10	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	77	11	preprint	preprint	NOUN
spir-14101	77	12	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	77	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	77	14	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	77	15	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	77	16	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	77	17	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	78	1	to	to	PART
spir-14101	78	2	answer	answer	VERB
spir-14101	78	3	these	these	DET
spir-14101	78	4	questions	question	NOUN
spir-14101	78	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	78	6	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	78	7	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	78	8	conducting	conduct	VERB
spir-14101	78	9	a	a	DET
spir-14101	78	10	study	study	NOUN
spir-14101	78	11	to	to	PART
spir-14101	78	12	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
spir-14101	78	13	undergraduate	undergraduate	ADJ
spir-14101	78	14	students	student	NOUN
spir-14101	78	15	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	78	16	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	78	17	uses	use	NOUN
spir-14101	78	18	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	78	19	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	78	20	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	78	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	79	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	79	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	79	3	first	first	ADJ
spir-14101	79	4	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	79	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	79	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	79	7	study	study	NOUN
spir-14101	79	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	79	9	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-14101	79	10	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	79	11	were	be	AUX
spir-14101	79	12	conducted	conduct	VERB
spir-14101	79	13	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	79	14	undergraduate	undergraduate	ADJ
spir-14101	79	15	students	student	NOUN
spir-14101	79	16	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	79	17	autumn	autumn	NOUN
spir-14101	79	18	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	79	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	80	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	80	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	80	3	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-14101	80	4	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	80	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	80	6	respondents	respondent	NOUN
spir-14101	80	7	were	be	AUX
spir-14101	80	8	invited	invite	VERB
spir-14101	80	9	to	to	PART
spir-14101	80	10	respond	respond	VERB
spir-14101	80	11	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	80	12	a	a	DET
spir-14101	80	13	few	few	ADJ
spir-14101	80	14	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	80	15	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	80	16	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14101	80	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	80	18	discuss	discuss	VERB
spir-14101	80	19	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	80	20	views	view	NOUN
spir-14101	80	21	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	80	22	the	the	DET
spir-14101	80	23	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-14101	80	24	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	80	25	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	80	26	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	80	27	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	80	28	these	these	DET
spir-14101	80	29	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-14101	80	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	81	2	data	data	NOUN
spir-14101	81	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-14101	81	4	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	81	5	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	81	6	still	still	ADV
spir-14101	81	7	progress	progress	NOUN
spir-14101	81	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	9	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14101	81	10	the	the	DET
spir-14101	81	11	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
spir-14101	81	12	observations	observation	NOUN
spir-14101	81	13	show	show	VERB
spir-14101	81	14	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	81	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	16	1	1	X
spir-14101	81	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	18	respondents	respondent	NOUN
spir-14101	81	19	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	20	news	news	NOUN
spir-14101	81	21	sources	source	NOUN
spir-14101	81	22	were	be	AUX
spir-14101	81	23	primarily	primarily	ADV
spir-14101	81	24	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	81	25	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	81	26	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14101	81	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	81	28	none	none	NOUN
spir-14101	81	29	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	81	30	them	they	PRON
spir-14101	81	31	subscribed	subscribe	VERB
spir-14101	81	32	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	81	33	newspapers	newspaper	NOUN
spir-14101	81	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	35	magazines	magazine	NOUN
spir-14101	81	36	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	37	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	81	38	even	even	ADV
spir-14101	81	39	podcasts	podcast	NOUN
spir-14101	81	40	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	81	41	news	news	NOUN
spir-14101	81	42	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	43	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	44	2	2	X
spir-14101	81	45	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	46	respondents	respondent	NOUN
spir-14101	81	47	did	do	AUX
spir-14101	81	48	not	not	PART
spir-14101	81	49	respond	respond	VERB
spir-14101	81	50	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	81	51	the	the	DET
spir-14101	81	52	need	need	NOUN
spir-14101	81	53	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	81	54	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	81	55	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	81	56	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	81	57	commenting	comment	VERB
spir-14101	81	58	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	81	59	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	81	60	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	81	61	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14101	81	62	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	81	63	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	81	64	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	81	65	lifestyle	lifestyle	NOUN
spir-14101	81	66	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	67	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	81	68	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	69	3	3	X
spir-14101	81	70	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	71	respondents	respondent	NOUN
spir-14101	81	72	did	do	AUX
spir-14101	81	73	not	not	PART
spir-14101	81	74	highlight	highlight	VERB
spir-14101	81	75	terms	term	NOUN
spir-14101	81	76	such	such	ADJ
spir-14101	81	77	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	81	78	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	79	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
spir-14101	81	80	study	study	NOUN
spir-14101	81	81	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	81	82	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	81	83	did	do	AUX
spir-14101	81	84	not	not	PART
spir-14101	81	85	indicate	indicate	VERB
spir-14101	81	86	the	the	DET
spir-14101	81	87	possibility	possibility	NOUN
spir-14101	81	88	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	81	89	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	81	90	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	81	91	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	81	92	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	81	93	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	82	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	82	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	82	3	second	second	ADJ
spir-14101	82	4	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	82	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	82	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	82	7	study	study	NOUN
spir-14101	82	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	82	9	a	a	DET
spir-14101	82	10	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-14101	82	11	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	82	12	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	82	13	conducted	conduct	VERB
spir-14101	82	14	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	82	15	late	late	ADJ
spir-14101	82	16	spring	spring	NOUN
spir-14101	82	17	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	82	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	82	19	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	82	20	questions	question	NOUN
spir-14101	82	21	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	82	22	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	82	23	use	use	NOUN
spir-14101	82	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	82	25	news	news	NOUN
spir-14101	82	26	sources	source	NOUN
spir-14101	82	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	82	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	82	29	some	some	DET
spir-14101	82	30	test	test	NOUN
spir-14101	82	31	questions	question	NOUN
spir-14101	82	32	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	82	33	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	82	34	literacy	literacy	NOUN
spir-14101	82	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	83	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	83	2	design	design	NOUN
spir-14101	83	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	83	4	the	the	DET
spir-14101	83	5	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-14101	83	6	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	83	7	informed	inform	VERB
spir-14101	83	8	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	83	9	the	the	DET
spir-14101	83	10	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
spir-14101	83	11	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-14101	83	12	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	83	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	83	14	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-14101	83	15	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	83	16	as	as	ADV
spir-14101	83	17	well	well	ADV
spir-14101	83	18	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	83	19	previous	previous	ADJ
spir-14101	83	20	surveys	survey	NOUN
spir-14101	83	21	such	such	ADJ
spir-14101	83	22	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	83	23	the	the	DET
spir-14101	83	24	european	european	PROPN
spir-14101	83	25	union	union	PROPN
spir-14101	83	26	media	media	PROPN
spir-14101	83	27	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	83	28	news	news	NOUN
spir-14101	83	29	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-14101	83	30	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	83	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	83	32	the	the	DET
spir-14101	83	33	general	general	ADJ
spir-14101	83	34	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	83	35	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-14101	83	36	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	83	37	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	84	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	84	2	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-14101	84	3	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	84	4	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	84	5	promoted	promote	VERB
spir-14101	84	6	to	to	PART
spir-14101	84	7	undergraduate	undergraduate	VERB
spir-14101	84	8	students	student	NOUN
spir-14101	84	9	using	use	VERB
spir-14101	84	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	84	11	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	84	12	campaigns	campaign	NOUN
spir-14101	84	13	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	84	14	posters	poster	NOUN
spir-14101	84	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	84	16	flyers	flyer	NOUN
spir-14101	84	17	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	84	18	university	university	NOUN
spir-14101	84	19	campuses	campus	NOUN
spir-14101	84	20	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	84	21	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-14101	84	22	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	84	23	ireland	ireland	PROPN
spir-14101	84	24	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	84	25	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	84	26	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-14101	84	27	city	city	PROPN
spir-14101	84	28	university	university	PROPN
spir-14101	84	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	84	30	trinity	trinity	PROPN
spir-14101	84	31	college	college	PROPN
spir-14101	84	32	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-14101	84	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	84	34	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	84	35	university	university	NOUN
spir-14101	84	36	college	college	PROPN
spir-14101	84	37	dublin	dublin	PROPN
spir-14101	84	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	85	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	85	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	85	3	presentation	presentation	NOUN
spir-14101	85	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	85	5	i	i	PRON
spir-14101	85	6	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	85	7	discuss	discuss	VERB
spir-14101	85	8	the	the	DET
spir-14101	85	9	preliminary	preliminary	ADJ
spir-14101	85	10	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-14101	85	11	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	85	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	85	13	study	study	NOUN
spir-14101	85	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	86	1	i	i	PRON
spir-14101	86	2	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	86	3	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	86	4	discuss	discuss	VERB
spir-14101	86	5	the	the	DET
spir-14101	86	6	challenges	challenge	NOUN
spir-14101	86	7	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	86	8	tackling	tackle	VERB
spir-14101	86	9	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	86	10	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	86	11	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	86	12	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	86	13	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	86	14	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	86	15	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	86	16	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	86	17	under	under	ADP
spir-14101	86	18	commercial	commercial	ADJ
spir-14101	86	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	86	20	political	political	ADJ
spir-14101	86	21	influences	influence	NOUN
spir-14101	86	22	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	86	23	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	86	24	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	86	25	findings	finding	NOUN
spir-14101	86	26	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	86	27	misinterpreted	misinterpret	VERB
spir-14101	86	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	86	29	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
spir-14101	86	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	87	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-14101	87	2	bbc	bbc	PROPN
spir-14101	87	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	88	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	88	2	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	88	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	88	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	89	1	nobel	nobel	PROPN
spir-14101	89	2	prize	prize	PROPN
spir-14101	89	3	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	89	4	winning	win	VERB
spir-14101	89	5	scientist	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	89	6	frances	frances	PROPN
spir-14101	89	7	arnold	arnold	PROPN
spir-14101	89	8	retracts	retract	VERB
spir-14101	89	9	paper	paper	NOUN
spir-14101	89	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	90	1	https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50989423	https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50989423	PRON
spir-14101	90	2	european	european	ADJ
spir-14101	90	3	centre	centre	PROPN
spir-14101	90	4	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	90	5	disease	disease	NOUN
spir-14101	90	6	prevention	prevention	NOUN
spir-14101	90	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	90	8	control	control	NOUN
spir-14101	90	9	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	90	10	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	90	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	90	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	91	1	measles	measle	NOUN
spir-14101	91	2	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	91	3	the	the	DET
spir-14101	91	4	rise	rise	NOUN
spir-14101	91	5	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	91	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	91	7	eu	eu	PROPN
spir-14101	91	8	/	/	PROPN
spir-14101	91	9	eea	eea	PROPN
spir-14101	91	10	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	91	11	considerations	consideration	NOUN
spir-14101	91	12	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	91	13	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	91	14	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	91	15	response	response	NOUN
spir-14101	91	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	92	1	https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/measles-eu-threatassessment-brief-february-2024.pdf	https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/measles-eu-threatassessment-brief-february-2024.pdf	PROPN
spir-14101	92	2	european	european	PROPN
spir-14101	92	3	union	union	PROPN
spir-14101	92	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	93	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	93	2	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	93	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	93	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	94	1	media	media	PROPN
spir-14101	94	2	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	94	3	news	news	PROPN
spir-14101	94	4	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-14101	94	5	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	94	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	95	1	https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3153	https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3153	PROPN
spir-14101	95	2	howell	howell	PROPN
spir-14101	95	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	95	4	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14101	95	5	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-14101	95	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	95	7	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	95	8	brossard	brossard	PROPN
spir-14101	95	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	95	10	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	95	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	95	12	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	95	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	95	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	96	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	96	2	mis)informed	mis)informe	VERB
spir-14101	96	3	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	96	4	what	what	PRON
spir-14101	96	5	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	97	1	what	what	PRON
spir-14101	97	2	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	97	3	means	mean	VERB
spir-14101	97	4	to	to	PART
spir-14101	97	5	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	97	6	a	a	DET
spir-14101	97	7	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	97	8	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	97	9	literate	literate	ADJ
spir-14101	97	10	citizen	citizen	NOUN
spir-14101	97	11	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	97	12	a	a	DET
spir-14101	97	13	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	97	14	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	97	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	98	1	pnas	pnas	PROPN
spir-14101	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	98	3	118(15	118(15	NUM
spir-14101	98	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	98	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	98	6	e1912436117	e1912436117	PROPN
spir-14101	98	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	99	1	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912436117	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912436117	PROPN
spir-14101	99	2	ma	ma	PROPN
spir-14101	99	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	99	4	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-14101	99	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	99	6	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	99	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	99	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	100	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	100	2	role	role	NOUN
spir-14101	100	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	100	4	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
spir-14101	100	5	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14101	100	6	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	100	7	combating	combat	VERB
spir-14101	100	8	disinformation	disinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	100	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	100	10	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	100	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	101	1	journal	journal	NOUN
spir-14101	101	2	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	101	3	education	education	NOUN
spir-14101	101	4	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	101	5	library	library	NOUN
spir-14101	101	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	101	7	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	101	8	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	101	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	101	10	65(1	65(1	NOUN
spir-14101	101	11	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	101	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	101	13	92	92	NUM
spir-14101	101	14	-	-	SYM
spir-14101	101	15	99	99	NUM
spir-14101	101	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	102	1	https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis-2022-0017	https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis-2022-0017	VERB
spir-14101	102	2	o’connor	o’connor	ADV
spir-14101	102	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	102	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-14101	102	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	102	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	102	7	weatherall	weatherall	PROPN
spir-14101	102	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	102	9	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	102	10	o.	o.	PROPN
spir-14101	102	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	102	12	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14101	102	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	102	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	103	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	103	2	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	103	3	age	age	NOUN
spir-14101	103	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	103	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	103	6	false	false	ADJ
spir-14101	103	7	beliefs	belief	NOUN
spir-14101	103	8	spread	spread	VERB
spir-14101	103	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	104	1	yale	yale	PROPN
spir-14101	104	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-14101	104	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-14101	104	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	105	1	oreskes	oreske	NOUN
spir-14101	105	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	105	3	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-14101	105	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	105	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	105	6	conway	conway	PROPN
spir-14101	105	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	105	8	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14101	105	9	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-14101	105	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	105	11	2010	2010	NUM
spir-14101	105	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	105	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	106	1	merchants	merchant	NOUN
spir-14101	106	2	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	106	3	doubt	doubt	NOUN
spir-14101	106	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	106	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	106	6	a	a	DET
spir-14101	106	7	handful	handful	NOUN
spir-14101	106	8	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	106	9	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	106	10	obscured	obscure	VERB
spir-14101	106	11	the	the	DET
spir-14101	106	12	truth	truth	NOUN
spir-14101	106	13	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	106	14	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-14101	106	15	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	106	16	tobacco	tobacco	NOUN
spir-14101	106	17	smoke	smoke	NOUN
spir-14101	106	18	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	106	19	global	global	ADJ
spir-14101	106	20	warming	warming	NOUN
spir-14101	106	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	107	1	bloomsbury	bloomsbury	NOUN
spir-14101	107	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	108	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	108	2	news	news	PROPN
spir-14101	108	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	109	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	109	2	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	109	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	109	4	february	february	PROPN
spir-14101	109	5	17	17	NUM
spir-14101	109	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	109	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	110	1	taking	take	VERB
spir-14101	110	2	a	a	DET
spir-14101	110	3	weight	weight	NOUN
spir-14101	110	4	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	110	5	loss	loss	NOUN
spir-14101	110	6	drug	drug	NOUN
spir-14101	110	7	reduced	reduce	VERB
spir-14101	110	8	a	a	DET
spir-14101	110	9	craving	craving	NOUN
spir-14101	110	10	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	110	11	opioids	opioid	NOUN
spir-14101	110	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	111	1	https://www.sciencenews.org/article/weight-loss-drug-addiction-opioid-disorder	https://www.sciencenews.org/article/weight-loss-drug-addiction-opioid-disorder	NOUN
spir-14101	111	2	snow	snow	NOUN
spir-14101	111	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	111	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-14101	111	5	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14101	111	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	111	7	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	111	8	dibner	dibner	PROPN
spir-14101	111	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	111	10	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14101	111	11	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14101	111	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	111	13	2016	2016	NUM
spir-14101	111	14	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	111	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	112	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	112	2	literacy	literacy	PROPN
spir-14101	112	3	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	112	4	concepts	concept	NOUN
spir-14101	112	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	112	6	contexts	context	NOUN
spir-14101	112	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	112	8	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	112	9	consequences	consequence	NOUN
spir-14101	112	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	113	1	national	national	ADJ
spir-14101	113	2	academies	academies	PROPN
spir-14101	113	3	press	press	PROPN
spir-14101	113	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	114	1	https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50989423	https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50989423	X
spir-14101	114	2	https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/measles-eu-threat-assessment-brief-february-2024.pdf	https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/measles-eu-threat-assessment-brief-february-2024.pdf	PROPN
spir-14101	114	3	https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/measles-eu-threat-assessment-brief-february-2024.pdf	https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/measles-eu-threat-assessment-brief-february-2024.pdf	PROPN
spir-14101	114	4	https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3153	https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3153	PROPN
spir-14101	114	5	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912436117	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912436117	VERB
spir-14101	114	6	https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis-2022-0017	https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis-2022-0017	NOUN
spir-14101	114	7	https://www.sciencenews.org/article/weight-loss-drug-addiction-opioid-disorder	https://www.sciencenews.org/article/weight-loss-drug-addiction-opioid-disorder	NOUN
spir-14101	114	8	the	the	DET
spir-14101	114	9	general	general	ADJ
spir-14101	114	10	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	114	11	survey	survey	NOUN
spir-14101	114	12	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	114	13	n.d	n.d	PROPN
spir-14101	114	14	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	114	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	114	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	115	1	https://gss.norc.org/about-the-gss	https://gss.norc.org/about-the-gss	X
spir-14101	115	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	115	3	irish	irish	PROPN
spir-14101	115	4	times	times	PROPN
spir-14101	115	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	116	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	116	2	2021	2021	NUM
spir-14101	116	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	116	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	117	1	moderna	moderna	PROPN
spir-14101	117	2	booster	booster	NOUN
spir-14101	117	3	produces	produce	VERB
spir-14101	117	4	strong	strong	ADJ
spir-14101	117	5	response	response	NOUN
spir-14101	117	6	against	against	ADP
spir-14101	117	7	omicron	omicron	PROPN
spir-14101	117	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	117	9	company	company	NOUN
spir-14101	117	10	says	say	VERB
spir-14101	117	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	118	1	https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/moderna-boosterproduces-strong-response-against-omicron-company-says-1.4759986	https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/moderna-boosterproduces-strong-response-against-omicron-company-says-1.4759986	PROPN
spir-14101	119	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	119	2	new	new	PROPN
spir-14101	119	3	york	york	PROPN
spir-14101	119	4	times	times	PROPN
spir-14101	119	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	120	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	120	2	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	120	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	120	4	november	november	PROPN
spir-14101	120	5	22	22	NUM
spir-14101	120	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	120	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	121	1	what	what	PRON
spir-14101	121	2	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	121	3	ozempic	ozempic	ADJ
spir-14101	121	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	121	5	why	why	SCONJ
spir-14101	121	6	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	121	7	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	121	8	getting	get	VERB
spir-14101	121	9	so	so	ADV
spir-14101	121	10	much	much	ADJ
spir-14101	121	11	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-14101	121	12	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	122	1	https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/well/ozempic-diabetes-weightloss.html	https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/well/ozempic-diabetes-weightloss.html	X
spir-14101	122	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	122	3	new	new	PROPN
spir-14101	122	4	york	york	PROPN
spir-14101	122	5	times	times	PROPN
spir-14101	122	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	123	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	123	2	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	123	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	123	4	january	january	PROPN
spir-14101	123	5	17	17	NUM
spir-14101	123	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	123	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	124	1	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	124	2	this	this	DET
spir-14101	124	3	viral	viral	ADJ
spir-14101	124	4	bedtime	bedtime	NOUN
spir-14101	124	5	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	124	6	mocktail	mocktail	NOUN
spir-14101	124	7	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	124	8	actually	actually	ADV
spir-14101	124	9	help	help	VERB
spir-14101	124	10	you	you	PRON
spir-14101	124	11	fall	fall	VERB
spir-14101	124	12	asleep	asleep	ADJ
spir-14101	124	13	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	125	1	https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/well/live/sleepy-girl-mocktailcherry-magnesium.html	https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/well/live/sleepy-girl-mocktailcherry-magnesium.html	VERB
spir-14101	125	2	world	world	PROPN
spir-14101	125	3	health	health	NOUN
spir-14101	125	4	organization	organization	NOUN
spir-14101	125	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	125	6	who	who	PRON
spir-14101	125	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	125	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	126	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	126	2	n.d	n.d	PROPN
spir-14101	126	3	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	126	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	126	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	127	1	infodemic	infodemic	ADJ
spir-14101	127	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	128	1	https://www.who.int/healthtopics/infodemic	https://www.who.int/healthtopics/infodemic	ADJ
spir-14101	128	2	https://gss.norc.org/about-the-gss	https://gss.norc.org/about-the-gss	X
spir-14101	128	3	https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/moderna-booster-produces-strong-response-against-omicron-company-says-1.4759986	https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/moderna-booster-produces-strong-response-against-omicron-company-says-1.4759986	PROPN
spir-14101	128	4	https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/moderna-booster-produces-strong-response-against-omicron-company-says-1.4759986	https://www.irishtimes.com/business/health-pharma/moderna-booster-produces-strong-response-against-omicron-company-says-1.4759986	PROPN
spir-14101	128	5	https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/well/ozempic-diabetes-weight-loss.html	https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/well/ozempic-diabetes-weight-loss.html	X
spir-14101	128	6	https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/well/ozempic-diabetes-weight-loss.html	https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/22/well/ozempic-diabetes-weight-loss.html	PRON
spir-14101	128	7	https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/well/live/sleepy-girl-mocktail-cherry-magnesium.html	https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/well/live/sleepy-girl-mocktail-cherry-magnesium.html	NOUN
spir-14101	128	8	https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/well/live/sleepy-girl-mocktail-cherry-magnesium.html	https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/17/well/live/sleepy-girl-mocktail-cherry-magnesium.html	PROPN
spir-14101	128	9	https://www.who.int/health-topics/infodemic	https://www.who.int/health-topics/infodemic	PROPN
spir-14101	128	10	https://www.who.int/health-topics/infodemic	https://www.who.int/health-topics/infodemic	ADJ
spir-14101	128	11	the	the	DET
spir-14101	128	12	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-14101	128	13	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	128	14	stop5	stop5	ADJ
spir-14101	128	15	g	g	NOUN
spir-14101	128	16	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	128	17	refused	refuse	VERB
spir-14101	128	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	128	19	community	community	NOUN
spir-14101	128	20	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	128	21	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	128	22	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	128	23	before	before	ADP
spir-14101	128	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	128	25	during	during	ADP
spir-14101	128	26	the	the	DET
spir-14101	128	27	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-14101	128	28	simone	simone	NOUN
spir-14101	128	29	tosoni	tosoni	NOUN
spir-14101	128	30	università	università	PROPN
spir-14101	128	31	cattolica	cattolica	PROPN
spir-14101	128	32	del	del	PROPN
spir-14101	128	33	sacro	sacro	PROPN
spir-14101	128	34	cuore	cuore	PROPN
spir-14101	129	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	129	2	proposed	propose	VERB
spir-14101	129	3	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-14101	129	4	delves	delf	NOUN
spir-14101	129	5	into	into	ADP
spir-14101	129	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	129	7	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-14101	129	8	stop5	stop5	PROPN
spir-14101	129	9	g	g	PROPN
spir-14101	129	10	movement	movement	NOUN
spir-14101	129	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	12	aiming	aim	VERB
spir-14101	129	13	to	to	PART
spir-14101	129	14	explore	explore	VERB
spir-14101	129	15	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	129	16	this	this	DET
spir-14101	129	17	refused	refuse	VERB
spir-14101	129	18	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	129	19	community	community	PROPN
spir-14101	129	20	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	21	rkc	rkc	PROPN
spir-14101	129	22	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	23	before	before	ADP
spir-14101	129	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	129	25	during	during	ADP
spir-14101	129	26	the	the	DET
spir-14101	129	27	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-14101	129	28	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	129	29	employed	employ	VERB
spir-14101	129	30	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	129	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	129	32	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	129	33	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-14101	129	34	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	129	35	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	129	36	–	–	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	37	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	129	38	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	129	39	overall	overall	ADJ
spir-14101	129	40	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	129	41	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	129	42	to	to	PART
spir-14101	129	43	construct	construct	VERB
spir-14101	129	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	45	stabilize	stabilize	VERB
spir-14101	129	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	47	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	129	48	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	49	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	129	50	some	some	DET
spir-14101	129	51	instances	instance	NOUN
spir-14101	129	52	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	53	radically	radically	ADV
spir-14101	129	54	transform	transform	VERB
spir-14101	129	55	a	a	DET
spir-14101	129	56	body	body	NOUN
spir-14101	129	57	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	129	58	shared	share	VERB
spir-14101	129	59	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	129	60	rejected	reject	VERB
spir-14101	129	61	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	129	62	the	the	DET
spir-14101	129	63	majority	majority	NOUN
spir-14101	129	64	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	129	65	the	the	DET
spir-14101	129	66	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	129	67	community	community	NOUN
spir-14101	129	68	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	69	concerning	concern	VERB
spir-14101	129	70	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	129	71	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-14101	129	72	the	the	DET
spir-14101	129	73	existence	existence	NOUN
spir-14101	129	74	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	129	75	long	long	ADJ
spir-14101	129	76	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	129	77	term	term	NOUN
spir-14101	129	78	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14101	129	79	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	129	80	non	non	ADJ
spir-14101	129	81	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	129	82	ionizing	ionizing	ADJ
spir-14101	129	83	electromagnetic	electromagnetic	ADJ
spir-14101	129	84	radiations	radiation	NOUN
spir-14101	129	85	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	130	1	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	130	2	this	this	DET
spir-14101	130	3	end	end	NOUN
spir-14101	130	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	130	5	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	130	6	adopts	adopt	VERB
spir-14101	130	7	a	a	DET
spir-14101	130	8	perspective	perspective	NOUN
spir-14101	130	9	inspired	inspire	VERB
spir-14101	130	10	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	130	11	the	the	DET
spir-14101	130	12	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	130	13	worlds	world	NOUN
spir-14101	130	14	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-14101	130	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	130	16	clarke	clarke	PROPN
spir-14101	130	17	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	130	18	star	star	PROPN
spir-14101	130	19	2007	2007	NUM
spir-14101	130	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	130	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	130	22	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	130	23	an	an	DET
spir-14101	130	24	ecological	ecological	ADJ
spir-14101	130	25	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	130	26	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	130	27	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	130	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	130	29	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-14101	130	30	2016	2016	NUM
spir-14101	130	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	130	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	131	2	former	former	ADJ
spir-14101	131	3	conceives	conceive	VERB
spir-14101	131	4	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	131	5	worlds	world	NOUN
spir-14101	131	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	7	a	a	DET
spir-14101	131	8	plurality	plurality	NOUN
spir-14101	131	9	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	131	10	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-14101	131	11	sharing	share	VERB
spir-14101	131	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	131	13	similar	similar	ADJ
spir-14101	131	14	positions	position	NOUN
spir-14101	131	15	within	within	ADP
spir-14101	131	16	a	a	DET
spir-14101	131	17	confrontational	confrontational	ADJ
spir-14101	131	18	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	131	19	arena	arena	NOUN
spir-14101	131	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	131	22	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	131	23	discourses	discourse	NOUN
spir-14101	131	24	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	131	25	co	co	VERB
spir-14101	131	26	-	-	VERB
spir-14101	131	27	constructed	constructed	ADJ
spir-14101	131	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	131	30	drives	drive	VERB
spir-14101	131	31	scholars	scholar	NOUN
spir-14101	131	32	to	to	PART
spir-14101	131	33	address	address	VERB
spir-14101	131	34	the	the	DET
spir-14101	131	35	process	process	NOUN
spir-14101	131	36	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	131	37	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	131	38	mutual	mutual	ADJ
spir-14101	131	39	constitution	constitution	NOUN
spir-14101	131	40	focusing	focus	VERB
spir-14101	131	41	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	131	42	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-14101	131	43	situationans	situationan	NOUN
spir-14101	131	44	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	131	45	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	131	46	production	production	NOUN
spir-14101	131	47	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	48	the	the	DET
spir-14101	131	49	latter	latter	NOUN
spir-14101	131	50	conceives	conceive	VERB
spir-14101	131	51	the	the	DET
spir-14101	131	52	mediascape	mediascape	NOUN
spir-14101	131	53	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	131	54	a	a	DET
spir-14101	131	55	vast	vast	ADJ
spir-14101	131	56	interconnected	interconnected	ADJ
spir-14101	131	57	environment	environment	NOUN
spir-14101	131	58	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	131	59	interactions	interaction	NOUN
spir-14101	131	60	between	between	ADP
spir-14101	131	61	human	human	ADJ
spir-14101	131	62	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-14101	131	63	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	131	64	non	non	ADJ
spir-14101	131	65	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	131	66	human	human	ADJ
spir-14101	131	67	actants	actant	NOUN
spir-14101	131	68	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	69	like	like	ADP
spir-14101	131	70	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	131	71	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-14101	131	72	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	73	intermediation	intermediation	NOUN
spir-14101	131	74	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
spir-14101	131	75	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	76	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	77	where	where	SCONJ
spir-14101	131	78	discourses	discourse	NOUN
spir-14101	131	79	coevolve	coevolve	VERB
spir-14101	131	80	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	131	81	different	different	ADJ
spir-14101	131	82	ways	way	NOUN
spir-14101	131	83	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	84	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
spir-14101	131	85	competing	compete	VERB
spir-14101	131	86	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	87	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
spir-14101	131	88	adapting	adapt	VERB
spir-14101	131	89	one	one	NUM
spir-14101	131	90	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	131	91	the	the	DET
spir-14101	131	92	other	other	ADJ
spir-14101	131	93	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	131	94	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	131	95	sometimes	sometimes	ADV
spir-14101	131	96	again	again	ADV
spir-14101	131	97	merging	merge	VERB
spir-14101	131	98	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	131	99	new	new	ADJ
spir-14101	131	100	ones	one	NOUN
spir-14101	131	101	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	1	under	under	ADP
spir-14101	132	2	a	a	DET
spir-14101	132	3	methodological	methodological	ADJ
spir-14101	132	4	point	point	NOUN
spir-14101	132	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	132	6	view	view	NOUN
spir-14101	132	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	8	the	the	DET
spir-14101	132	9	proposed	propose	VERB
spir-14101	132	10	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-14101	132	11	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	132	12	based	base	VERB
spir-14101	132	13	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	132	14	a	a	DET
spir-14101	132	15	two	two	NUM
spir-14101	132	16	year	year	NOUN
spir-14101	132	17	long	long	ADJ
spir-14101	132	18	mixed	mixed	ADJ
spir-14101	132	19	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	20	method	method	NOUN
spir-14101	132	21	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-14101	132	22	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	132	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	24	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	132	25	included	include	VERB
spir-14101	132	26	one	one	NUM
spir-14101	132	27	year	year	NOUN
spir-14101	132	28	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	132	29	virtual	virtual	ADJ
spir-14101	132	30	ethnography	ethnography	NOUN
spir-14101	132	31	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	132	32	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	132	33	traditional	traditional	ADJ
spir-14101	132	34	offline	offline	ADJ
spir-14101	132	35	ethnographic	ethnographic	ADJ
spir-14101	132	36	observation	observation	NOUN
spir-14101	132	37	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	38	spanning	span	VERB
spir-14101	132	39	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	132	40	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14101	132	41	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	132	42	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	132	43	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	44	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	132	45	the	the	DET
spir-14101	132	46	stop	stop	NOUN
spir-14101	132	47	5	5	NUM
spir-14101	132	48	g	g	NOUN
spir-14101	132	49	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	132	50	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	132	51	main	main	ADJ
spir-14101	132	52	online	online	ADJ
spir-14101	132	53	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	132	54	offline	offline	ADJ
spir-14101	132	55	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-14101	132	56	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	57	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-14101	132	58	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	132	59	the	the	DET
spir-14101	132	60	documents	document	NOUN
spir-14101	132	61	produced	produce	VERB
spir-14101	132	62	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	132	63	several	several	ADJ
spir-14101	132	64	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-14101	132	65	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	132	66	the	the	DET
spir-14101	132	67	rkc	rkc	NOUN
spir-14101	132	68	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	69	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	132	70	depth	depth	NOUN
spir-14101	132	71	qualitative	qualitative	NOUN
spir-14101	132	72	interviews	interview	NOUN
spir-14101	132	73	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	132	74	citizens	citizen	NOUN
spir-14101	132	75	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	76	activists	activist	NOUN
spir-14101	132	77	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	78	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	132	79	experts	expert	NOUN
spir-14101	132	80	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	81	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	132	82	focus	focus	VERB
spir-14101	132	83	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	132	84	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	132	85	diverse	diverse	ADJ
spir-14101	132	86	population	population	NOUN
spir-14101	132	87	samples	sample	NOUN
spir-14101	132	88	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	132	89	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	132	90	students	student	NOUN
spir-14101	132	91	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	132	92	adult	adult	NOUN
spir-14101	132	93	laypeople	laypeople	NOUN
spir-14101	132	94	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	1	thanks	thank	NOUN
spir-14101	133	2	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	133	3	this	this	DET
spir-14101	133	4	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-14101	133	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	6	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	133	7	was	be	AUX
spir-14101	133	8	possible	possible	ADJ
spir-14101	133	9	to	to	PART
spir-14101	133	10	identify	identify	VERB
spir-14101	133	11	four	four	NUM
spir-14101	133	12	distinct	distinct	ADJ
spir-14101	133	13	phases	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	133	14	characterizing	characterize	VERB
spir-14101	133	15	the	the	DET
spir-14101	133	16	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	133	17	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	133	18	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	133	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	133	20	stop5	stop5	PROPN
spir-14101	133	21	g	g	PROPN
spir-14101	133	22	movement	movement	NOUN
spir-14101	133	23	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	24	its	its	PRON
spir-14101	133	25	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	133	26	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	133	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	133	28	uses	use	NOUN
spir-14101	133	29	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	133	30	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	133	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	32	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	133	33	its	its	PRON
spir-14101	133	34	shared	shared	ADJ
spir-14101	133	35	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	133	36	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	37	1	1	NUM
spir-14101	133	38	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	39	a	a	DET
spir-14101	133	40	first	first	ADJ
spir-14101	133	41	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	133	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	43	the	the	DET
spir-14101	133	44	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	133	45	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	133	46	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	133	47	appeals	appeal	NOUN
spir-14101	133	48	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	49	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	133	50	-	-	SYM
spir-14101	133	51	2018	2018	NUM
spir-14101	133	52	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	53	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	133	54	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	133	55	the	the	DET
spir-14101	133	56	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	133	57	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	133	58	was	be	AUX
spir-14101	133	59	predominantly	predominantly	ADV
spir-14101	133	60	composed	compose	VERB
spir-14101	133	61	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	133	62	networks	network	NOUN
spir-14101	133	63	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	133	64	dissident	dissident	ADJ
spir-14101	133	65	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	133	66	contesting	contest	VERB
spir-14101	133	67	the	the	DET
spir-14101	133	68	established	establish	VERB
spir-14101	133	69	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	133	70	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	133	71	electromagnetic	electromagnetic	ADJ
spir-14101	133	72	fields	field	NOUN
spir-14101	133	73	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	134	1	pursuing	pursue	VERB
spir-14101	134	2	a	a	DET
spir-14101	134	3	strategy	strategy	NOUN
spir-14101	134	4	already	already	ADV
spir-14101	134	5	employed	employ	VERB
spir-14101	134	6	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	134	7	contesting	contest	VERB
spir-14101	134	8	earlier	early	ADJ
spir-14101	134	9	generations	generation	NOUN
spir-14101	134	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	134	11	mobile	mobile	ADJ
spir-14101	134	12	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14101	134	13	technologies	technology	NOUN
spir-14101	134	14	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	134	15	these	these	DET
spir-14101	134	16	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	134	17	utilized	utilize	VERB
spir-14101	134	18	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	134	19	appeals	appeal	NOUN
spir-14101	134	20	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	134	21	various	various	ADJ
spir-14101	134	22	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-14101	134	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	134	24	the	the	DET
spir-14101	134	25	general	general	ADJ
spir-14101	134	26	public	public	NOUN
spir-14101	134	27	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	134	28	invoking	invoke	VERB
spir-14101	134	29	the	the	DET
spir-14101	134	30	precautionary	precautionary	ADJ
spir-14101	134	31	principle	principle	NOUN
spir-14101	134	32	to	to	PART
spir-14101	134	33	advocate	advocate	VERB
spir-14101	134	34	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	134	35	a	a	DET
spir-14101	134	36	moratorium	moratorium	NOUN
spir-14101	134	37	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	134	38	5	5	NUM
spir-14101	134	39	g	g	NOUN
spir-14101	134	40	deployment	deployment	NOUN
spir-14101	134	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	135	1	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	135	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	135	3	same	same	ADJ
spir-14101	135	4	time	time	NOUN
spir-14101	135	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	135	6	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	135	7	aimed	aim	VERB
spir-14101	135	8	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	135	9	opening	open	VERB
spir-14101	135	10	a	a	DET
spir-14101	135	11	controversy	controversy	NOUN
spir-14101	135	12	within	within	ADP
spir-14101	135	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	135	14	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	135	15	community	community	NOUN
spir-14101	135	16	over	over	ADP
spir-14101	135	17	the	the	DET
spir-14101	135	18	existence	existence	NOUN
spir-14101	135	19	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	135	20	long	long	ADJ
spir-14101	135	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	135	22	term	term	NOUN
spir-14101	135	23	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14101	135	24	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	135	25	5	5	NUM
spir-14101	135	26	g	g	NOUN
spir-14101	135	27	technology	technology	NOUN
spir-14101	135	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	1	a	a	DET
spir-14101	136	2	linchpin	linchpin	NOUN
spir-14101	136	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	136	4	this	this	DET
spir-14101	136	5	strategy	strategy	NOUN
spir-14101	136	6	was	be	AUX
spir-14101	136	7	represented	represent	VERB
spir-14101	136	8	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	136	9	what	what	PRON
spir-14101	136	10	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	136	11	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	136	12	defined	define	VERB
spir-14101	136	13	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	136	14	a	a	DET
spir-14101	136	15	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	16	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	136	17	patchwork	patchwork	NOUN
spir-14101	136	18	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	136	19	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-14101	136	20	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	22	consisting	consist	VERB
spir-14101	136	23	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	136	24	the	the	DET
spir-14101	136	25	production	production	NOUN
spir-14101	136	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	136	27	circulation	circulation	NOUN
spir-14101	136	28	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	136	29	extensive	extensive	ADJ
spir-14101	136	30	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-14101	136	31	reviews	review	NOUN
spir-14101	136	32	collecting	collect	VERB
spir-14101	136	33	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	136	34	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-14101	136	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	36	all	all	PRON
spir-14101	136	37	published	publish	VERB
spir-14101	136	38	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	136	39	peer	peer	NOUN
spir-14101	136	40	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	41	reviewed	review	VERB
spir-14101	136	42	journals	journal	NOUN
spir-14101	136	43	however	however	ADV
spir-14101	136	44	often	often	ADV
spir-14101	136	45	deemed	deem	VERB
spir-14101	136	46	unreliable	unreliable	ADJ
spir-14101	136	47	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	136	48	the	the	DET
spir-14101	136	49	larger	large	ADJ
spir-14101	136	50	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	136	51	community	community	NOUN
spir-14101	136	52	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	53	to	to	PART
spir-14101	136	54	support	support	VERB
spir-14101	136	55	the	the	DET
spir-14101	136	56	existence	existence	NOUN
spir-14101	136	57	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	136	58	long	long	ADJ
spir-14101	136	59	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	60	term	term	NOUN
spir-14101	136	61	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14101	136	62	attributed	attribute	VERB
spir-14101	136	63	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	136	64	5	5	NUM
spir-14101	136	65	g.	g.	NOUN
spir-14101	136	66	2	2	NUM
spir-14101	136	67	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	68	a	a	DET
spir-14101	136	69	second	second	ADJ
spir-14101	136	70	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	136	71	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	72	the	the	DET
spir-14101	136	73	activist	activist	ADJ
spir-14101	136	74	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	136	75	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	76	2018	2018	NUM
spir-14101	136	77	-	-	SYM
spir-14101	136	78	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	136	79	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	80	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	81	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	136	82	a	a	DET
spir-14101	136	83	plurality	plurality	NOUN
spir-14101	136	84	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	136	85	laypeople	laypeople	PROPN
spir-14101	136	86	joined	join	VERB
spir-14101	136	87	the	the	DET
spir-14101	136	88	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	136	89	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	136	90	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	136	91	activists	activist	NOUN
spir-14101	136	92	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	93	getting	getting	AUX
spir-14101	136	94	organized	organize	VERB
spir-14101	136	95	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	136	96	a	a	DET
spir-14101	136	97	constellation	constellation	NOUN
spir-14101	136	98	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	136	99	local	local	ADJ
spir-14101	136	100	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-14101	136	101	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	136	102	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	103	managing	manage	VERB
spir-14101	136	104	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	136	105	online	online	ADJ
spir-14101	136	106	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	136	107	offline	offline	ADJ
spir-14101	136	108	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-14101	136	109	through	through	ADP
spir-14101	136	110	instant	instant	ADJ
spir-14101	136	111	message	message	NOUN
spir-14101	136	112	applications	application	NOUN
spir-14101	136	113	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	136	114	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-14101	136	115	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	136	116	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	136	117	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	136	118	finding	find	VERB
spir-14101	136	119	an	an	DET
spir-14101	136	120	overall	overall	ADJ
spir-14101	136	121	informal	informal	ADJ
spir-14101	136	122	coordination	coordination	NOUN
spir-14101	136	123	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	136	124	trans	tran	NOUN
spir-14101	136	125	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	136	126	local	local	ADJ
spir-14101	136	127	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	136	128	national	national	ADJ
spir-14101	136	129	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-14101	136	130	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	136	131	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	137	1	however	however	ADV
spir-14101	137	2	independent	independent	ADJ
spir-14101	137	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	137	4	these	these	DET
spir-14101	137	5	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	137	6	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	137	7	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	137	8	large	large	ADJ
spir-14101	137	9	aligned	align	VERB
spir-14101	137	10	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	137	11	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	137	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
spir-14101	137	13	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	137	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	137	15	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	137	16	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	137	17	patchwork	patchwork	NOUN
spir-14101	137	18	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	137	19	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-14101	137	20	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	137	21	introduced	introduce	VERB
spir-14101	137	22	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	137	23	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	137	24	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	137	25	the	the	DET
spir-14101	137	26	previous	previous	ADJ
spir-14101	137	27	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	137	28	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	137	29	they	they	PRON
spir-14101	137	30	leveraged	leverage	VERB
spir-14101	137	31	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	137	32	literature	literature	NOUN
spir-14101	137	33	to	to	PART
spir-14101	137	34	engage	engage	VERB
spir-14101	137	35	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	137	36	dialogues	dialogue	NOUN
spir-14101	137	37	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	137	38	local	local	ADJ
spir-14101	137	39	municipalities	municipality	NOUN
spir-14101	137	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	137	41	often	often	ADV
spir-14101	137	42	resulting	result	VERB
spir-14101	137	43	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	137	44	successful	successful	ADJ
spir-14101	137	45	appeals	appeal	NOUN
spir-14101	137	46	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	137	47	the	the	DET
spir-14101	137	48	suspension	suspension	NOUN
spir-14101	137	49	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	137	50	5	5	NUM
spir-14101	137	51	g	g	NOUN
spir-14101	137	52	deployment	deployment	NOUN
spir-14101	137	53	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	138	1	collaboration	collaboration	NOUN
spir-14101	138	2	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	138	3	local	local	ADJ
spir-14101	138	4	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	138	5	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	138	6	alternative	alternative	ADJ
spir-14101	138	7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	138	8	authorities	authority	NOUN
spir-14101	138	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	138	10	such	such	ADJ
spir-14101	138	11	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	138	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	138	13	italian	italian	ADJ
spir-14101	138	14	association	association	NOUN
spir-14101	138	15	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	138	16	electrosensitives	electrosensitives	PROPN
spir-14101	138	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	138	18	aie	aie	PROPN
spir-14101	138	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	138	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	138	21	lend	lend	VERB
spir-14101	138	22	credibility	credibility	NOUN
spir-14101	138	23	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	138	24	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	138	25	requests	request	NOUN
spir-14101	138	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	138	27	helped	help	VERB
spir-14101	138	28	local	local	ADJ
spir-14101	138	29	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	138	30	to	to	PART
spir-14101	138	31	maintain	maintain	VERB
spir-14101	138	32	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	138	33	discourses	discourse	NOUN
spir-14101	138	34	within	within	ADP
spir-14101	138	35	the	the	DET
spir-14101	138	36	borders	border	NOUN
spir-14101	138	37	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	138	38	a	a	DET
spir-14101	138	39	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	138	40	epistemological	epistemological	ADJ
spir-14101	138	41	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-14101	138	42	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	139	1	3	3	X
spir-14101	139	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	139	3	an	an	DET
spir-14101	139	4	intermediate	intermediate	ADJ
spir-14101	139	5	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	139	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	139	7	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	139	8	the	the	DET
spir-14101	139	9	onset	onset	NOUN
spir-14101	139	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	139	11	the	the	DET
spir-14101	139	12	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-14101	139	13	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	139	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	139	15	february	february	PROPN
spir-14101	139	16	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	139	17	april	april	PROPN
spir-14101	139	18	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	139	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	139	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	139	21	during	during	ADP
spir-14101	139	22	which	which	PRON
spir-14101	139	23	the	the	DET
spir-14101	139	24	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	139	25	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	139	26	experienced	experience	VERB
spir-14101	139	27	significant	significant	ADJ
spir-14101	139	28	transformations	transformation	NOUN
spir-14101	139	29	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	139	30	its	its	PRON
spir-14101	139	31	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	139	32	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	139	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	140	1	activists	activist	NOUN
spir-14101	140	2	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	140	3	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-14101	140	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	140	5	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	140	6	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-14101	140	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	140	8	shifted	shift	VERB
spir-14101	140	9	mainly	mainly	ADV
spir-14101	140	10	online	online	ADV
spir-14101	140	11	due	due	ADP
spir-14101	140	12	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	140	13	lockdown	lockdown	NOUN
spir-14101	140	14	measures	measure	NOUN
spir-14101	140	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	140	16	making	make	VERB
spir-14101	140	17	local	local	ADJ
spir-14101	140	18	online	online	ADJ
spir-14101	140	19	spaces	space	NOUN
spir-14101	140	20	less	less	ADV
spir-14101	140	21	relevant	relevant	ADJ
spir-14101	140	22	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	140	23	favour	favour	NOUN
spir-14101	140	24	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	140	25	few	few	ADJ
spir-14101	140	26	translocal	translocal	ADJ
spir-14101	140	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	140	28	national	national	ADJ
spir-14101	140	29	facebook	facebook	NOUN
spir-14101	140	30	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	140	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	141	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	141	2	this	this	DET
spir-14101	141	3	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	141	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	141	5	online	online	ADJ
spir-14101	141	6	groups	group	NOUN
spir-14101	141	7	moderators	moderator	NOUN
spir-14101	141	8	engaged	engage	VERB
spir-14101	141	9	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	141	10	harsh	harsh	ADJ
spir-14101	141	11	boundary	boundary	ADJ
spir-14101	141	12	work	work	NOUN
spir-14101	141	13	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	141	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	141	15	attempt	attempt	NOUN
spir-14101	141	16	to	to	PART
spir-14101	141	17	maintain	maintain	VERB
spir-14101	141	18	the	the	DET
spir-14101	141	19	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-14101	141	20	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	141	21	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	141	22	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	141	23	production	production	NOUN
spir-14101	141	24	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	141	25	5	5	NUM
spir-14101	141	26	g	g	NOUN
spir-14101	141	27	technologies	technology	NOUN
spir-14101	141	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	141	29	avoiding	avoid	VERB
spir-14101	141	30	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	141	31	the	the	DET
spir-14101	141	32	same	same	ADJ
spir-14101	141	33	time	time	NOUN
spir-14101	141	34	antiscientific	antiscientific	ADJ
spir-14101	141	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	141	36	conspiratorial	conspiratorial	ADJ
spir-14101	141	37	stances	stance	NOUN
spir-14101	141	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	1	4	4	X
spir-14101	142	2	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	3	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	4	pandemic	pandemic	ADJ
spir-14101	142	5	phase	phase	NOUN
spir-14101	142	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	7	until	until	ADP
spir-14101	142	8	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	9	end	end	NOUN
spir-14101	142	10	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	142	11	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	142	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	13	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	142	14	observation	observation	NOUN
spir-14101	142	15	came	come	VERB
spir-14101	142	16	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	142	17	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	18	end	end	VERB
spir-14101	142	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	21	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	142	22	moderators	moderator	NOUN
spir-14101	142	23	ceased	cease	VERB
spir-14101	142	24	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	142	25	gatekeeping	gatekeeping	NOUN
spir-14101	142	26	activities	activity	NOUN
spir-14101	142	27	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	28	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	29	discourses	discourse	NOUN
spir-14101	142	30	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	142	31	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	32	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	142	33	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	142	34	took	take	VERB
spir-14101	142	35	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	142	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	37	large	large	ADJ
spir-14101	142	38	a	a	DET
spir-14101	142	39	populist	populist	ADJ
spir-14101	142	40	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	41	conspiratorial	conspiratorial	ADJ
spir-14101	142	42	turn	turn	NOUN
spir-14101	142	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	45	a	a	DET
spir-14101	142	46	new	new	ADJ
spir-14101	142	47	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	48	syncretic	syncretic	ADJ
spir-14101	142	49	patchworking	patchworking	NOUN
spir-14101	142	50	discoursive	discoursive	ADJ
spir-14101	142	51	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-14101	142	52	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	53	became	become	VERB
spir-14101	142	54	dominant	dominant	ADJ
spir-14101	142	55	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	56	bringing	bring	VERB
spir-14101	142	57	together	together	ADV
spir-14101	142	58	alternative	alternative	ADJ
spir-14101	142	59	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	142	60	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	142	61	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	142	62	electromagnetic	electromagnetic	ADJ
spir-14101	142	63	waves	wave	NOUN
spir-14101	142	64	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	65	considerations	consideration	NOUN
spir-14101	142	66	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	142	67	alternative	alternative	ADJ
spir-14101	142	68	spirituality	spirituality	NOUN
spir-14101	142	69	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	70	cultural	cultural	ADJ
spir-14101	142	71	critic	critic	NOUN
spir-14101	142	72	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	73	esoterism	esoterism	NOUN
spir-14101	142	74	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	75	conspiration	conspiration	NOUN
spir-14101	142	76	theories	theory	NOUN
spir-14101	142	77	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	78	claims	claim	NOUN
spir-14101	142	79	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	142	80	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	81	nature	nature	NOUN
spir-14101	142	82	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	142	83	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	84	virus	virus	NOUN
spir-14101	142	85	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	142	86	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	87	risks	risk	NOUN
spir-14101	142	88	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	142	89	vaccines	vaccine	NOUN
spir-14101	142	90	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	142	91	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	92	alarm	alarm	NOUN
spir-14101	142	93	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	142	94	an	an	DET
spir-14101	142	95	imminent	imminent	ADJ
spir-14101	142	96	transhumanist	transhumanist	ADJ
spir-14101	142	97	turn	turn	NOUN
spir-14101	142	98	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	142	99	western	western	ADJ
spir-14101	142	100	societies	society	NOUN
spir-14101	142	101	allowed	allow	VERB
spir-14101	142	102	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	142	103	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	104	deployment	deployment	NOUN
spir-14101	142	105	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	142	106	the	the	DET
spir-14101	142	107	new	new	ADJ
spir-14101	142	108	communicative	communicative	ADJ
spir-14101	142	109	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-14101	142	110	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	1	as	as	SCONJ
spir-14101	143	2	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	143	3	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	143	4	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	143	5	shown	show	VERB
spir-14101	143	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	7	this	this	DET
spir-14101	143	8	turn	turn	NOUN
spir-14101	143	9	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	143	10	a	a	DET
spir-14101	143	11	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	12	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	143	13	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	14	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	143	15	a	a	DET
spir-14101	143	16	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	17	syncretic	syncretic	ADJ
spir-14101	143	18	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	19	patchworking	patchworking	NOUN
spir-14101	143	20	approach	approach	NOUN
spir-14101	143	21	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	143	22	the	the	DET
spir-14101	143	23	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	143	24	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	143	25	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	143	26	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	143	27	production	production	NOUN
spir-14101	143	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	143	29	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	143	30	contestation	contestation	NOUN
spir-14101	143	31	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	143	32	official	official	ADJ
spir-14101	143	33	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	143	34	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	143	35	the	the	DET
spir-14101	143	36	stop	stop	NOUN
spir-14101	143	37	5	5	NUM
spir-14101	143	38	g	g	NOUN
spir-14101	143	39	rkg	rkg	NOUN
spir-14101	143	40	was	be	AUX
spir-14101	143	41	fostered	foster	VERB
spir-14101	143	42	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	143	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	44	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	143	45	at	at	ADP
spir-14101	143	46	the	the	DET
spir-14101	143	47	same	same	ADJ
spir-14101	143	48	time	time	NOUN
spir-14101	143	49	promoted	promote	VERB
spir-14101	143	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	51	radical	radical	ADJ
spir-14101	143	52	transformations	transformation	NOUN
spir-14101	143	53	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	143	54	the	the	DET
spir-14101	143	55	structuration	structuration	NOUN
spir-14101	143	56	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	143	57	the	the	DET
spir-14101	143	58	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	143	59	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	143	60	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	143	61	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
spir-14101	143	62	bringing	bring	VERB
spir-14101	143	63	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	143	64	the	the	DET
spir-14101	143	65	disintegration	disintegration	NOUN
spir-14101	143	66	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	143	67	a	a	DET
spir-14101	143	68	large	large	ADJ
spir-14101	143	69	part	part	NOUN
spir-14101	143	70	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	143	71	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	143	72	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	144	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	144	2	this	this	DET
spir-14101	144	3	way	way	NOUN
spir-14101	144	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	144	5	the	the	DET
spir-14101	144	6	proposed	propose	VERB
spir-14101	144	7	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-14101	144	8	intends	intend	VERB
spir-14101	144	9	to	to	PART
spir-14101	144	10	contribute	contribute	VERB
spir-14101	144	11	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	144	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	144	13	understanding	understanding	NOUN
spir-14101	144	14	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	144	15	the	the	DET
spir-14101	144	16	tight	tight	ADJ
spir-14101	144	17	intertwinement	intertwinement	NOUN
spir-14101	144	18	between	between	ADP
spir-14101	144	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	144	20	structuration	structuration	NOUN
spir-14101	144	21	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	144	22	a	a	DET
spir-14101	144	23	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	144	24	world	world	NOUN
spir-14101	144	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	144	26	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	144	27	its	its	PRON
spir-14101	144	28	arena	arena	NOUN
spir-14101	144	29	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	144	30	its	its	PRON
spir-14101	144	31	discursive	discursive	ADJ
spir-14101	144	32	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	144	33	–	–	PUNCT
spir-14101	144	34	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	144	35	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	144	36	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	144	37	not	not	PART
spir-14101	144	38	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	144	39	the	the	DET
spir-14101	144	40	shared	share	VERB
spir-14101	144	41	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
spir-14101	144	42	produced	produce	VERB
spir-14101	144	43	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	144	44	these	these	DET
spir-14101	144	45	same	same	ADJ
spir-14101	144	46	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	144	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	144	48	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	144	49	a	a	DET
spir-14101	144	50	specific	specific	ADJ
spir-14101	144	51	focus	focus	NOUN
spir-14101	144	52	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	144	53	the	the	DET
spir-14101	144	54	role	role	NOUN
spir-14101	144	55	played	play	VERB
spir-14101	144	56	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	144	57	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	144	58	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	144	59	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	144	60	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	144	61	particular	particular	ADJ
spir-14101	144	62	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	144	63	networks	network	NOUN
spir-14101	144	64	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	144	65	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	144	66	this	this	DET
spir-14101	144	67	intertwinement	intertwinement	NOUN
spir-14101	144	68	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	145	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-14101	145	2	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-14101	145	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	145	4	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-14101	145	5	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-14101	145	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	145	7	2016	2016	NUM
spir-14101	145	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	145	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	146	1	news	news	NOUN
spir-14101	146	2	ecosystems	ecosystem	NOUN
spir-14101	146	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	147	2	t.	t.	PROPN
spir-14101	147	3	witschge	witschge	NOUN
spir-14101	147	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	5	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-14101	147	6	w.	w.	PROPN
spir-14101	147	7	anderson	anderson	PROPN
spir-14101	147	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	9	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	147	10	domingo	domingo	PROPN
spir-14101	147	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	12	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	147	13	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14101	147	14	hermida	hermida	PROPN
spir-14101	147	15	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	16	eds	eds	PROPN
spir-14101	147	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	18	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	20	the	the	DET
spir-14101	147	21	sage	sage	NOUN
spir-14101	147	22	handbook	handbook	NOUN
spir-14101	147	23	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	147	24	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	147	25	journalism	journalism	NOUN
spir-14101	147	26	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	27	pp	pp	ADV
spir-14101	147	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	29	410–423	410–423	NUM
spir-14101	147	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	147	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	148	1	sage	sage	NOUN
spir-14101	148	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	149	1	clarke	clarke	PROPN
spir-14101	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	149	3	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14101	149	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	149	5	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	149	6	star	star	PROPN
spir-14101	149	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	149	8	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14101	149	9	l.	l.	PROPN
spir-14101	149	10	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	149	11	2007	2007	NUM
spir-14101	149	12	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	149	13	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	150	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	150	2	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	150	3	worlds	world	NOUN
spir-14101	150	4	framework	framework	NOUN
spir-14101	150	5	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	150	6	a	a	DET
spir-14101	150	7	theory	theory	NOUN
spir-14101	150	8	/	/	SYM
spir-14101	150	9	methods	method	NOUN
spir-14101	150	10	package	package	NOUN
spir-14101	150	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	151	2	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14101	151	3	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	151	4	hackett	hackett	PROPN
spir-14101	151	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	6	o.	o.	PROPN
spir-14101	151	7	amsteramska	amsteramska	PROPN
spir-14101	151	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	9	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-14101	151	10	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14101	151	11	lynch	lynch	PROPN
spir-14101	151	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	13	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	151	14	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	151	15	wajcman	wajcman	PROPN
spir-14101	151	16	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	17	a	a	DET
spir-14101	151	18	c.	c.	PROPN
spir-14101	151	19	di	di	PROPN
spir-14101	151	20	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	22	the	the	DET
spir-14101	151	23	handbook	handbook	NOUN
spir-14101	151	24	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	151	25	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	151	26	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	151	27	technology	technology	NOUN
spir-14101	151	28	studies	study	NOUN
spir-14101	151	29	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	30	pp	pp	ADJ
spir-14101	151	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	32	113–138	113–138	NUM
spir-14101	151	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	151	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	152	1	mit	mit	PROPN
spir-14101	152	2	press	press	NOUN
spir-14101	152	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	153	1	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	153	2	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	153	3	fail	fail	VERB
spir-14101	153	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	153	5	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-14101	153	6	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	153	7	denial	denial	NOUN
spir-14101	153	8	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	153	9	online	online	ADJ
spir-14101	153	10	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-14101	153	11	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	153	12	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	153	13	rod	rod	VERB
spir-14101	153	14	abhari	abhari	PROPN
spir-14101	153	15	northwestern	northwestern	ADJ
spir-14101	153	16	university	university	NOUN
spir-14101	153	17	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	153	18	was	be	AUX
spir-14101	153	19	a	a	DET
spir-14101	153	20	record	record	NOUN
spir-14101	153	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	153	22	breaking	break	VERB
spir-14101	153	23	year	year	NOUN
spir-14101	153	24	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	153	25	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	153	26	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	153	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	154	1	over	over	ADP
spir-14101	154	2	10,000	10,000	NUM
spir-14101	154	3	academic	academic	ADJ
spir-14101	154	4	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	154	5	were	be	AUX
spir-14101	154	6	retracted	retract	VERB
spir-14101	154	7	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	154	8	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	154	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	154	10	nearly	nearly	ADV
spir-14101	154	11	tripling	triple	VERB
spir-14101	154	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	154	13	number	number	NOUN
spir-14101	154	14	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	154	15	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	154	16	issued	issue	VERB
spir-14101	154	17	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	154	18	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	154	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	154	20	mckie	mckie	PROPN
spir-14101	154	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	154	22	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	154	23	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	154	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	155	1	a	a	DET
spir-14101	155	2	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	155	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	155	4	according	accord	VERB
spir-14101	155	5	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	155	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	155	7	center	center	NOUN
spir-14101	155	8	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	155	9	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-14101	155	10	ethics	ethic	NOUN
spir-14101	155	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	155	12	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	155	13	a	a	DET
spir-14101	155	14	formal	formal	ADJ
spir-14101	155	15	statement	statement	NOUN
spir-14101	155	16	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	155	17	completely	completely	ADV
spir-14101	155	18	repudiates	repudiate	VERB
spir-14101	155	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	155	20	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	155	21	credibility	credibility	NOUN
spir-14101	155	22	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	155	23	a	a	DET
spir-14101	155	24	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	155	25	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	155	26	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	155	27	barbour	barbour	PROPN
spir-14101	155	28	et	et	PROPN
spir-14101	155	29	al	al	PROPN
spir-14101	155	30	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	155	31	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	155	32	2009	2009	NUM
spir-14101	155	33	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	155	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	156	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14101	156	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	156	3	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-14101	156	4	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	156	5	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	156	6	may	may	AUX
spir-14101	156	7	seem	seem	VERB
spir-14101	156	8	high	high	ADJ
spir-14101	156	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	156	10	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	156	11	likely	likely	ADV
spir-14101	156	12	represents	represent	VERB
spir-14101	156	13	only	only	ADV
spir-14101	156	14	a	a	DET
spir-14101	156	15	fraction	fraction	NOUN
spir-14101	156	16	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	156	17	the	the	DET
spir-14101	156	18	total	total	ADJ
spir-14101	156	19	number	number	NOUN
spir-14101	156	20	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	156	21	fraudulent	fraudulent	ADJ
spir-14101	156	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	156	23	manipulated	manipulate	VERB
spir-14101	156	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	156	25	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	156	26	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
spir-14101	156	27	illegitimate	illegitimate	ADJ
spir-14101	156	28	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	156	29	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	156	30	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	156	31	deserving	deserve	VERB
spir-14101	156	32	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	156	33	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	156	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	156	35	marcus	marcus	PROPN
spir-14101	156	36	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	156	37	oransky	oransky	PROPN
spir-14101	156	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	156	39	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	156	40	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	156	41	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	157	1	thus	thus	ADV
spir-14101	157	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	157	3	some	some	DET
spir-14101	157	4	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	157	5	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	157	6	argued	argue	VERB
spir-14101	157	7	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	157	8	an	an	DET
spir-14101	157	9	increase	increase	NOUN
spir-14101	157	10	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	157	11	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	157	12	actually	actually	ADV
spir-14101	157	13	indicates	indicate	VERB
spir-14101	157	14	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	157	15	the	the	DET
spir-14101	157	16	system	system	NOUN
spir-14101	157	17	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	157	18	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	157	19	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	157	20	performing	perform	VERB
spir-14101	157	21	as	as	SCONJ
spir-14101	157	22	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	157	23	should	should	AUX
spir-14101	157	24	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	157	25	hilgard	hilgard	PROPN
spir-14101	157	26	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	157	27	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	157	28	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	157	29	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	157	30	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	157	31	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	158	1	but	but	CCONJ
spir-14101	158	2	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14101	158	3	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	158	4	may	may	AUX
spir-14101	158	5	not	not	PART
spir-14101	158	6	indicate	indicate	VERB
spir-14101	158	7	a	a	DET
spir-14101	158	8	systemic	systemic	ADJ
spir-14101	158	9	problem	problem	NOUN
spir-14101	158	10	within	within	ADP
spir-14101	158	11	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	158	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	158	13	they	they	PRON
spir-14101	158	14	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	158	15	a	a	DET
spir-14101	158	16	threat	threat	NOUN
spir-14101	158	17	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	158	18	the	the	DET
spir-14101	158	19	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	158	20	image	image	NOUN
spir-14101	158	21	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	158	22	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	158	23	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	158	24	the	the	DET
spir-14101	158	25	context	context	NOUN
spir-14101	158	26	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	158	27	politicized	politicized	ADJ
spir-14101	158	28	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	158	29	distrust	distrust	NOUN
spir-14101	158	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	159	1	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
spir-14101	159	2	attacks	attack	NOUN
spir-14101	159	3	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	159	4	academic	academic	ADJ
spir-14101	159	5	institutions	institution	NOUN
spir-14101	159	6	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	159	7	conservative	conservative	ADJ
spir-14101	159	8	interests	interest	NOUN
spir-14101	159	9	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	159	10	raised	raise	VERB
spir-14101	159	11	questions	question	NOUN
spir-14101	159	12	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	159	13	both	both	CCONJ
spir-14101	159	14	the	the	DET
spir-14101	159	15	competence	competence	NOUN
spir-14101	159	16	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	159	17	key	key	ADJ
spir-14101	159	18	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	159	19	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	159	20	the	the	DET
spir-14101	159	21	incentive	incentive	NOUN
spir-14101	159	22	structures	structure	NOUN
spir-14101	159	23	through	through	ADP
spir-14101	159	24	which	which	PRON
spir-14101	159	25	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	159	26	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	159	27	produced	produce	VERB
spir-14101	159	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	159	29	oreskes	oreske	NOUN
spir-14101	159	30	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	159	31	conway	conway	PROPN
spir-14101	159	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	159	33	2010	2010	NUM
spir-14101	159	34	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	159	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	160	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	160	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	160	3	context	context	NOUN
spir-14101	160	4	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	160	5	politicization	politicization	NOUN
spir-14101	160	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	160	7	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-14101	160	8	cases	case	NOUN
spir-14101	160	9	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	160	10	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	160	11	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	160	12	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
spir-14101	160	13	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-14101	160	14	to	to	PART
spir-14101	160	15	be	be	AUX
spir-14101	160	16	interpreted	interpret	VERB
spir-14101	160	17	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	160	18	an	an	DET
spir-14101	160	19	institutional	institutional	ADJ
spir-14101	160	20	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	160	21	within	within	ADP
spir-14101	160	22	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	160	23	rather	rather	ADV
spir-14101	160	24	than	than	ADP
spir-14101	160	25	the	the	DET
spir-14101	160	26	isolated	isolated	ADJ
spir-14101	160	27	failings	failing	NOUN
spir-14101	160	28	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	160	29	individual	individual	ADJ
spir-14101	160	30	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	160	31	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	160	32	journals	journal	NOUN
spir-14101	160	33	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	160	34	hilgard	hilgard	PROPN
spir-14101	160	35	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	160	36	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	160	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	160	38	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	160	39	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	160	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	1	indeed	indeed	ADV
spir-14101	161	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	3	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	161	4	skeptics	skeptic	NOUN
spir-14101	161	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	6	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	161	7	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	161	8	whose	whose	DET
spir-14101	161	9	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	161	10	were	be	AUX
spir-14101	161	11	retracted	retract	VERB
spir-14101	161	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	13	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	161	14	claimed	claim	VERB
spir-14101	161	15	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	161	16	the	the	DET
spir-14101	161	17	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	161	18	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	19	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	161	20	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	21	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	161	22	actually	actually	ADV
spir-14101	161	23	a	a	DET
spir-14101	161	24	series	series	NOUN
spir-14101	161	25	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	161	26	attempts	attempt	NOUN
spir-14101	161	27	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	161	28	corrupt	corrupt	ADJ
spir-14101	161	29	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	161	30	publishers	publisher	NOUN
spir-14101	161	31	to	to	PART
spir-14101	161	32	censor	censor	VERB
spir-14101	161	33	unpopular	unpopular	ADJ
spir-14101	161	34	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	35	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	161	36	generally	generally	ADV
spir-14101	161	37	conservative	conservative	ADJ
spir-14101	161	38	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	39	opinions	opinion	NOUN
spir-14101	161	40	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	41	savolainen	savolainen	NOUN
spir-14101	161	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	43	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	161	44	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	45	mccullough	mccullough	PROPN
spir-14101	161	46	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	47	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	161	48	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	161	49	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	162	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	162	2	proposed	propose	VERB
spir-14101	162	3	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	162	4	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-14101	162	5	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	162	6	present	present	VERB
spir-14101	162	7	my	my	PRON
spir-14101	162	8	prior	prior	ADJ
spir-14101	162	9	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	162	10	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
spir-14101	162	11	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	162	12	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	162	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	162	14	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	162	15	context	context	NOUN
spir-14101	162	16	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	162	17	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	162	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	163	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	163	2	my	my	PRON
spir-14101	163	3	prior	prior	ADJ
spir-14101	163	4	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	163	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	163	6	author	author	NOUN
spir-14101	163	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	163	8	forthcoming	forthcoming	ADJ
spir-14101	163	9	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	163	10	i	i	PRON
spir-14101	163	11	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	163	12	developed	develop	VERB
spir-14101	163	13	a	a	DET
spir-14101	163	14	typology	typology	NOUN
spir-14101	163	15	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	163	16	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	163	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	163	18	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	163	19	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	163	20	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	163	21	identifying	identify	VERB
spir-14101	163	22	two	two	NUM
spir-14101	163	23	types	type	NOUN
spir-14101	163	24	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	163	25	information	information	NOUN
spir-14101	163	26	disorders	disorder	NOUN
spir-14101	163	27	associated	associate	VERB
spir-14101	163	28	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	163	29	public	public	ADJ
spir-14101	163	30	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	163	31	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	163	32	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	163	33	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	163	34	namely	namely	ADV
spir-14101	163	35	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	163	36	avoidance	avoidance	NOUN
spir-14101	163	37	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	163	38	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	163	39	cynicism	cynicism	NOUN
spir-14101	163	40	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	164	2	my	my	PRON
spir-14101	164	3	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
spir-14101	164	4	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	164	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	6	i	i	PRON
spir-14101	164	7	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	164	8	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	164	9	collected	collect	VERB
spir-14101	164	10	a	a	DET
spir-14101	164	11	large	large	ADJ
spir-14101	164	12	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-14101	164	13	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	164	14	roughly	roughly	ADV
spir-14101	164	15	3	3	NUM
spir-14101	164	16	million	million	NUM
spir-14101	164	17	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	164	18	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	164	19	posts	post	NOUN
spir-14101	164	20	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	164	21	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-14101	164	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	23	reddit	reddit	NOUN
spir-14101	164	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	25	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	164	26	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-14101	164	27	/	/	SYM
spir-14101	164	28	x	x	NOUN
spir-14101	164	29	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	164	30	link	link	VERB
spir-14101	164	31	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	164	32	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	164	33	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	164	34	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	164	35	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	164	36	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	164	37	notice	notice	NOUN
spir-14101	164	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	39	hereafter	hereafter	ADV
spir-14101	164	40	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	41	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	42	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	164	43	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	164	44	mentions	mention	VERB
spir-14101	164	45	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	164	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	165	1	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	165	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	165	3	proposed	propose	VERB
spir-14101	165	4	talk	talk	NOUN
spir-14101	165	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	165	6	i	i	PRON
spir-14101	165	7	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	165	8	combine	combine	VERB
spir-14101	165	9	the	the	DET
spir-14101	165	10	typology	typology	NOUN
spir-14101	165	11	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	165	12	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	165	13	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	165	14	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	165	15	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	165	16	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	165	17	an	an	DET
spir-14101	165	18	empirical	empirical	ADJ
spir-14101	165	19	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-14101	165	20	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	165	21	the	the	DET
spir-14101	165	22	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-14101	165	23	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	165	24	these	these	DET
spir-14101	165	25	forms	form	NOUN
spir-14101	165	26	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	165	27	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	165	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	166	1	i.	i.	PROPN
spir-14101	166	2	a	a	DET
spir-14101	166	3	typology	typology	NOUN
spir-14101	166	4	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	166	5	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	166	6	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	166	7	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	166	8	my	my	PRON
spir-14101	166	9	previous	previous	ADJ
spir-14101	166	10	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	166	11	i	i	PRON
spir-14101	166	12	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	166	13	identified	identify	VERB
spir-14101	166	14	two	two	NUM
spir-14101	166	15	types	type	NOUN
spir-14101	166	16	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	166	17	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	166	18	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	166	19	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	166	20	arise	arise	VERB
spir-14101	166	21	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	166	22	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	166	23	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	166	24	mentions	mention	VERB
spir-14101	166	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	167	1	first	first	ADV
spir-14101	167	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	167	3	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	167	4	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	167	5	spread	spread	VERB
spir-14101	167	6	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	167	7	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-14101	167	8	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	167	9	present	present	VERB
spir-14101	167	10	the	the	DET
spir-14101	167	11	original	original	ADJ
spir-14101	167	12	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	167	13	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	167	14	a	a	DET
spir-14101	167	15	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	167	16	fact	fact	NOUN
spir-14101	167	17	without	without	ADP
spir-14101	167	18	acknowledging	acknowledge	VERB
spir-14101	167	19	its	its	PRON
spir-14101	167	20	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	167	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	168	1	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	168	2	an	an	DET
spir-14101	168	3	unambiguous	unambiguous	ADJ
spir-14101	168	4	repudiation	repudiation	NOUN
spir-14101	168	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	168	6	an	an	DET
spir-14101	168	7	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	168	8	’s	’s	PART
spir-14101	168	9	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	168	10	legitimacy	legitimacy	NOUN
spir-14101	168	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	168	12	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	168	13	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	168	14	one	one	NUM
spir-14101	168	15	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	168	16	the	the	DET
spir-14101	168	17	most	most	ADV
spir-14101	168	18	important	important	ADJ
spir-14101	168	19	checks	check	NOUN
spir-14101	168	20	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	168	21	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	168	22	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	168	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	169	1	however	however	ADV
spir-14101	169	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	169	3	this	this	DET
spir-14101	169	4	check	check	NOUN
spir-14101	169	5	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	169	6	only	only	ADV
spir-14101	169	7	exist	exist	VERB
spir-14101	169	8	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	169	9	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	169	10	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	169	11	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
spir-14101	169	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	170	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	170	2	academic	academic	ADJ
spir-14101	170	3	publishing	publishing	NOUN
spir-14101	170	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	170	5	authors	author	NOUN
spir-14101	170	6	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	170	7	expected	expect	VERB
spir-14101	170	8	not	not	PART
spir-14101	170	9	to	to	PART
spir-14101	170	10	cite	cite	VERB
spir-14101	170	11	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	170	12	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-14101	170	13	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	170	14	reasons	reason	NOUN
spir-14101	170	15	unrelated	unrelated	ADJ
spir-14101	170	16	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	170	17	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	170	18	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	170	19	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	170	20	barbour	barbour	PROPN
spir-14101	170	21	et	et	PROPN
spir-14101	170	22	al	al	PROPN
spir-14101	170	23	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	170	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	170	25	2009	2009	NUM
spir-14101	170	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	170	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	171	1	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-14101	171	2	this	this	DET
spir-14101	171	3	expectation	expectation	NOUN
spir-14101	171	4	exists	exist	VERB
spir-14101	171	5	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	171	6	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	171	7	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	171	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	171	9	however	however	ADV
spir-14101	171	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	171	11	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	171	12	an	an	DET
spir-14101	171	13	open	open	ADJ
spir-14101	171	14	question	question	NOUN
spir-14101	171	15	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	172	1	while	while	SCONJ
spir-14101	172	2	recent	recent	ADJ
spir-14101	172	3	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	172	4	suggests	suggest	VERB
spir-14101	172	5	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	172	6	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-14101	172	7	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	172	8	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	172	9	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	172	10	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	172	11	drop	drop	VERB
spir-14101	172	12	off	off	ADP
spir-14101	172	13	after	after	SCONJ
spir-14101	172	14	an	an	DET
spir-14101	172	15	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	172	16	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	172	17	retracted	retract	VERB
spir-14101	172	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	172	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	172	20	most	most	ADV
spir-14101	172	21	likely	likely	ADJ
spir-14101	172	22	reason	reason	NOUN
spir-14101	172	23	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	172	24	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	172	25	the	the	DET
spir-14101	172	26	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	172	27	comes	come	VERB
spir-14101	172	28	after	after	SCONJ
spir-14101	172	29	the	the	DET
spir-14101	172	30	initial	initial	ADJ
spir-14101	172	31	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-14101	172	32	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	172	33	an	an	DET
spir-14101	172	34	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	172	35	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	172	36	been	be	AUX
spir-14101	172	37	exhausted	exhaust	VERB
spir-14101	172	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	172	39	peng	peng	PROPN
spir-14101	172	40	et	et	PROPN
spir-14101	172	41	al	al	PROPN
spir-14101	172	42	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	172	43	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	172	44	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	172	45	;	;	PUNCT
spir-14101	172	46	serghiou	serghiou	NOUN
spir-14101	172	47	et	et	PROPN
spir-14101	172	48	al	al	PROPN
spir-14101	172	49	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	172	50	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	172	51	2021	2021	NUM
spir-14101	172	52	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	172	53	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	173	1	when	when	SCONJ
spir-14101	173	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	173	3	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	173	4	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	173	5	a	a	DET
spir-14101	173	6	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	173	7	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	173	8	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	173	9	not	not	PART
spir-14101	173	10	acknowledged	acknowledge	VERB
spir-14101	173	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	173	12	discredited	discredit	VERB
spir-14101	173	13	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	173	14	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	173	15	may	may	AUX
spir-14101	173	16	continue	continue	VERB
spir-14101	173	17	to	to	PART
spir-14101	173	18	propagate	propagate	VERB
spir-14101	173	19	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	174	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
spir-14101	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	174	3	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	174	4	avoidant	avoidant	ADJ
spir-14101	174	5	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	174	6	directly	directly	ADV
spir-14101	174	7	undermine	undermine	VERB
spir-14101	174	8	one	one	NUM
spir-14101	174	9	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	174	10	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	174	11	’s	’s	PART
spir-14101	174	12	most	most	ADV
spir-14101	174	13	essential	essential	ADJ
spir-14101	174	14	checks	check	NOUN
spir-14101	174	15	against	against	ADP
spir-14101	174	16	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	174	17	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	174	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	175	1	second	second	ADJ
spir-14101	175	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	175	3	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	175	4	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	175	5	spread	spread	VERB
spir-14101	175	6	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	175	7	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-14101	175	8	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	175	9	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
spir-14101	175	10	a	a	DET
spir-14101	175	11	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	175	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	175	13	but	but	CCONJ
spir-14101	175	14	frame	frame	VERB
spir-14101	175	15	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	175	16	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	175	17	being	be	AUX
spir-14101	175	18	politically	politically	ADV
spir-14101	175	19	motivated	motivated	ADJ
spir-14101	175	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	176	1	these	these	DET
spir-14101	176	2	tweets	tweet	NOUN
spir-14101	176	3	employ	employ	VERB
spir-14101	176	4	the	the	DET
spir-14101	176	5	rhetoric	rhetoric	NOUN
spir-14101	176	6	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	176	7	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	176	8	cynicism	cynicism	NOUN
spir-14101	176	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	176	10	an	an	DET
spir-14101	176	11	insidious	insidious	ADJ
spir-14101	176	12	form	form	NOUN
spir-14101	176	13	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	176	14	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	176	15	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	176	16	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	176	17	does	do	AUX
spir-14101	176	18	not	not	PART
spir-14101	176	19	explicitly	explicitly	ADV
spir-14101	176	20	deny	deny	VERB
spir-14101	176	21	the	the	DET
spir-14101	176	22	relevance	relevance	NOUN
spir-14101	176	23	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	176	24	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	176	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	176	26	but	but	CCONJ
spir-14101	176	27	instead	instead	ADV
spir-14101	176	28	seeks	seek	VERB
spir-14101	176	29	to	to	PART
spir-14101	176	30	diminish	diminish	VERB
spir-14101	176	31	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	176	32	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	176	33	politicizing	politicize	VERB
spir-14101	176	34	the	the	DET
spir-14101	176	35	motives	motive	NOUN
spir-14101	176	36	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	176	37	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	176	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	176	39	oreskes	oreske	NOUN
spir-14101	176	40	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	176	41	conway	conway	PROPN
spir-14101	176	42	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	176	43	2010	2010	NUM
spir-14101	176	44	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	176	45	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	177	1	utilizing	utilize	VERB
spir-14101	177	2	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	177	3	cynicism	cynicism	NOUN
spir-14101	177	4	allows	allow	VERB
spir-14101	177	5	politicized	politicized	ADJ
spir-14101	177	6	actors	actor	NOUN
spir-14101	177	7	to	to	PART
spir-14101	177	8	undermine	undermine	VERB
spir-14101	177	9	mainstream	mainstream	NOUN
spir-14101	177	10	ideology	ideology	NOUN
spir-14101	177	11	without	without	ADP
spir-14101	177	12	committing	commit	VERB
spir-14101	177	13	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	177	14	falsifiable	falsifiable	ADJ
spir-14101	177	15	positions	position	NOUN
spir-14101	177	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	177	17	e.g.	e.g.	ADV
spir-14101	177	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	177	19	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	177	20	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	177	21	just	just	ADV
spir-14101	177	22	asking	ask	VERB
spir-14101	177	23	questions	question	NOUN
spir-14101	177	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	177	25	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	178	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	178	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	178	3	context	context	NOUN
spir-14101	178	4	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	178	5	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	178	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	178	7	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	178	8	cynicism	cynicism	NOUN
spir-14101	178	9	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	178	10	characterized	characterize	VERB
spir-14101	178	11	much	much	ADJ
spir-14101	178	12	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	178	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	178	14	response	response	NOUN
spir-14101	178	15	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	178	16	the	the	DET
spir-14101	178	17	pandemic	pandemic	NOUN
spir-14101	178	18	among	among	ADP
spir-14101	178	19	conservative	conservative	ADJ
spir-14101	178	20	figureheads	figurehead	NOUN
spir-14101	178	21	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	178	22	hall	hall	NOUN
spir-14101	178	23	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	178	24	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	178	25	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	178	26	2021	2021	NUM
spir-14101	178	27	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	178	28	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	179	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	179	2	cynicism	cynicism	NOUN
spir-14101	179	3	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	179	4	also	also	ADV
spir-14101	179	5	provided	provide	VERB
spir-14101	179	6	the	the	DET
spir-14101	179	7	breadcrumbs	breadcrumb	NOUN
spir-14101	179	8	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	179	9	the	the	DET
spir-14101	179	10	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-14101	179	11	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	179	12	prone	prone	ADJ
spir-14101	179	13	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	179	14	piece	piece	NOUN
spir-14101	179	15	together	together	ADV
spir-14101	179	16	a	a	DET
spir-14101	179	17	sinister	sinister	ADJ
spir-14101	179	18	narrative	narrative	NOUN
spir-14101	179	19	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	179	20	which	which	PRON
spir-14101	179	21	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	179	22	consort	consort	VERB
spir-14101	179	23	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	179	24	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	179	25	political	political	ADJ
spir-14101	179	26	elites	elite	NOUN
spir-14101	179	27	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	179	28	who	who	PRON
spir-14101	179	29	direct	direct	VERB
spir-14101	179	30	the	the	DET
spir-14101	179	31	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
spir-14101	179	32	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	179	33	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	179	34	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	179	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	1	although	although	SCONJ
spir-14101	180	2	there	there	PRON
spir-14101	180	3	is	be	VERB
spir-14101	180	4	no	no	DET
spir-14101	180	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
spir-14101	180	6	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	180	7	this	this	PRON
spir-14101	180	8	having	having	AUX
spir-14101	180	9	occurred	occur	VERB
spir-14101	180	10	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	180	11	any	any	PRON
spir-14101	180	12	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	180	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	180	14	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	180	15	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	180	16	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN
spir-14101	180	17	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	180	18	discussed	discuss	VERB
spir-14101	180	19	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	180	20	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	180	21	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	180	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	23	belief	belief	NOUN
spir-14101	180	24	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	180	25	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-14101	180	26	theories	theory	NOUN
spir-14101	180	27	have	have	AUX
spir-14101	180	28	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
spir-14101	180	29	emerged	emerge	VERB
spir-14101	180	30	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	180	31	one	one	NUM
spir-14101	180	32	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	180	33	the	the	DET
spir-14101	180	34	key	key	ADJ
spir-14101	180	35	predictors	predictor	NOUN
spir-14101	180	36	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	180	37	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN
spir-14101	180	38	resistance	resistance	NOUN
spir-14101	180	39	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	40	romer	romer	NOUN
spir-14101	180	41	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	180	42	hall	hall	PROPN
spir-14101	180	43	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	44	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	180	45	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	46	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	180	47	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	48	romer	romer	NOUN
spir-14101	180	49	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	180	50	hall	hall	PROPN
spir-14101	180	51	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	52	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	180	53	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	54	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	180	55	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	180	56	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	181	1	ii	ii	PROPN
spir-14101	181	2	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	182	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	182	2	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-14101	182	3	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	182	4	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	182	5	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	182	6	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	182	7	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	182	8	to	to	PART
spir-14101	182	9	measure	measure	VERB
spir-14101	182	10	the	the	DET
spir-14101	182	11	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-14101	182	12	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	182	13	the	the	DET
spir-14101	182	14	types	type	NOUN
spir-14101	182	15	two	two	NUM
spir-14101	182	16	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	182	17	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	182	18	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	182	19	collected	collect	VERB
spir-14101	182	20	a	a	DET
spir-14101	182	21	list	list	NOUN
spir-14101	182	22	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	182	23	13,367	13,367	NUM
spir-14101	182	24	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	182	25	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	182	26	between	between	ADP
spir-14101	182	27	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	182	28	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	182	29	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	182	30	using	use	VERB
spir-14101	182	31	the	the	DET
spir-14101	182	32	publicly	publicly	ADV
spir-14101	182	33	available	available	ADJ
spir-14101	182	34	database	database	NOUN
spir-14101	182	35	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	182	36	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	182	37	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	182	38	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	182	39	the	the	DET
spir-14101	182	40	center	center	NOUN
spir-14101	182	41	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	182	42	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	182	43	integrity	integrity	NOUN
spir-14101	182	44	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	182	45	2018	2018	NUM
spir-14101	182	46	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	182	47	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	183	1	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	183	2	then	then	ADV
spir-14101	183	3	used	use	VERB
spir-14101	183	4	the	the	DET
spir-14101	183	5	altmetric	altmetric	ADJ
spir-14101	183	6	fetch	fetch	NOUN
spir-14101	183	7	api	api	NOUN
spir-14101	183	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	183	9	provided	provide	VERB
spir-14101	183	10	through	through	ADP
spir-14101	183	11	a	a	DET
spir-14101	183	12	data	data	NOUN
spir-14101	183	13	sharing	sharing	NOUN
spir-14101	183	14	agreement	agreement	NOUN
spir-14101	183	15	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	183	16	the	the	DET
spir-14101	183	17	company	company	NOUN
spir-14101	183	18	altmetric	altmetric	VERB
spir-14101	183	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	183	20	to	to	PART
spir-14101	183	21	find	find	VERB
spir-14101	183	22	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	183	23	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	183	24	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	183	25	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	183	26	each	each	DET
spir-14101	183	27	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	183	28	before	before	ADP
spir-14101	183	29	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	183	30	after	after	ADP
spir-14101	183	31	their	their	PRON
spir-14101	183	32	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	183	33	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	183	34	altmetric	altmetric	ADJ
spir-14101	183	35	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	183	36	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	183	37	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	183	38	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	184	1	this	this	PRON
spir-14101	184	2	produced	produce	VERB
spir-14101	184	3	a	a	DET
spir-14101	184	4	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-14101	184	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	184	6	roughly	roughly	ADV
spir-14101	184	7	3	3	NUM
spir-14101	184	8	million	million	NUM
spir-14101	184	9	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	184	10	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	184	11	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	184	12	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	184	13	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	184	14	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	184	15	found	find	VERB
spir-14101	184	16	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	184	17	facebook	facebook	PROPN
spir-14101	184	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	184	19	reddit	reddit	NOUN
spir-14101	184	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	184	21	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	184	22	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-14101	184	23	/	/	SYM
spir-14101	184	24	x.	x.	NOUN
spir-14101	184	25	using	use	VERB
spir-14101	184	26	the	the	DET
spir-14101	184	27	text	text	NOUN
spir-14101	184	28	found	find	VERB
spir-14101	184	29	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	184	30	the	the	DET
spir-14101	184	31	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-14101	184	32	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	184	33	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	184	34	performed	perform	VERB
spir-14101	184	35	a	a	DET
spir-14101	184	36	content	content	NOUN
spir-14101	184	37	analysis	analysis	NOUN
spir-14101	184	38	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	184	39	the	the	DET
spir-14101	184	40	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	184	41	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	184	42	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	184	43	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	184	44	the	the	DET
spir-14101	184	45	corpus	corpus	NOUN
spir-14101	184	46	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	1	to	to	PART
spir-14101	185	2	do	do	VERB
spir-14101	185	3	so	so	ADV
spir-14101	185	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	5	my	my	PRON
spir-14101	185	6	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	185	7	team	team	NOUN
spir-14101	185	8	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	185	9	trained	train	VERB
spir-14101	185	10	a	a	DET
spir-14101	185	11	chatgpt	chatgpt	NOUN
spir-14101	185	12	based	base	VERB
spir-14101	185	13	classifier	classifier	NOUN
spir-14101	185	14	to	to	PART
spir-14101	185	15	determine	determine	VERB
spir-14101	185	16	whether	whether	SCONJ
spir-14101	185	17	a	a	DET
spir-14101	185	18	given	give	VERB
spir-14101	185	19	mention	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	185	20	provided	provide	VERB
spir-14101	185	21	a	a	DET
spir-14101	185	22	neutral	neutral	ADJ
spir-14101	185	23	reference	reference	NOUN
spir-14101	185	24	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	185	25	the	the	DET
spir-14101	185	26	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	185	27	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	28	0	0	NUM
spir-14101	185	29	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	30	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	31	avoided	avoid	VERB
spir-14101	185	32	the	the	DET
spir-14101	185	33	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	185	34	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	35	1	1	NUM
spir-14101	185	36	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	37	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	38	or	or	CCONJ
spir-14101	185	39	ascribed	ascribe	VERB
spir-14101	185	40	cynical	cynical	ADJ
spir-14101	185	41	motivations	motivation	NOUN
spir-14101	185	42	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	185	43	the	the	DET
spir-14101	185	44	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	185	45	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	46	2	2	NUM
spir-14101	185	47	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	185	48	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	186	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	186	2	model	model	NOUN
spir-14101	186	3	achieved	achieve	VERB
spir-14101	186	4	a	a	DET
spir-14101	186	5	high	high	ADJ
spir-14101	186	6	performance	performance	NOUN
spir-14101	186	7	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	186	8	measuring	measure	VERB
spir-14101	186	9	both	both	DET
spir-14101	186	10	types	type	NOUN
spir-14101	186	11	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	186	12	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	186	13	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	186	14	an	an	DET
spir-14101	186	15	f1	f1	ADJ
spir-14101	186	16	classification	classification	NOUN
spir-14101	186	17	score	score	NOUN
spir-14101	186	18	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	186	19	0.86	0.86	NUM
spir-14101	186	20	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	186	21	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	186	22	avoidant	avoidant	ADJ
spir-14101	186	23	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	186	24	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	186	25	0.81	0.81	NUM
spir-14101	186	26	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	186	27	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	186	28	cynical	cynical	ADJ
spir-14101	186	29	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	186	30	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	187	1	with	with	SCONJ
spir-14101	187	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	187	3	model	model	NOUN
spir-14101	187	4	trained	train	VERB
spir-14101	187	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	187	6	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	187	7	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	187	8	currently	currently	ADV
spir-14101	187	9	undergoing	undergo	VERB
spir-14101	187	10	the	the	DET
spir-14101	187	11	task	task	NOUN
spir-14101	187	12	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	187	13	automated	automate	VERB
spir-14101	187	14	coding	coding	NOUN
spir-14101	187	15	using	use	VERB
spir-14101	187	16	gpt-4	gpt-4	NOUN
spir-14101	187	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	188	1	to	to	PART
spir-14101	188	2	establish	establish	VERB
spir-14101	188	3	expected	expect	VERB
spir-14101	188	4	values	value	NOUN
spir-14101	188	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	188	6	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	188	7	performed	perform	VERB
spir-14101	188	8	human	human	ADJ
spir-14101	188	9	coding	coding	NOUN
spir-14101	188	10	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	188	11	a	a	DET
spir-14101	188	12	sample	sample	NOUN
spir-14101	188	13	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	188	14	1000	1000	NUM
spir-14101	188	15	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	188	16	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	188	17	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	188	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	189	1	based	base	VERB
spir-14101	189	2	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	189	3	the	the	DET
spir-14101	189	4	results	result	NOUN
spir-14101	189	5	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	189	6	this	this	DET
spir-14101	189	7	coding	coding	NOUN
spir-14101	189	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	189	9	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	189	10	expect	expect	VERB
spir-14101	189	11	that	that	SCONJ
spir-14101	189	12	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	189	13	avoidant	avoidant	ADJ
spir-14101	189	14	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	189	15	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	189	16	constitute	constitute	VERB
spir-14101	189	17	24.3	24.3	NUM
spir-14101	189	18	%	%	NOUN
spir-14101	189	19	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	189	20	all	all	DET
spir-14101	189	21	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	189	22	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	189	23	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	189	24	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	189	25	cynical	cynical	ADJ
spir-14101	189	26	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	189	27	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	189	28	constitute	constitute	VERB
spir-14101	189	29	6.1	6.1	NUM
spir-14101	189	30	%	%	NOUN
spir-14101	189	31	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	189	32	all	all	DET
spir-14101	189	33	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	189	34	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	190	1	once	once	ADV
spir-14101	190	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	190	3	full	full	ADJ
spir-14101	190	4	dataset	dataset	NOUN
spir-14101	190	5	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	190	6	been	be	AUX
spir-14101	190	7	coded	code	VERB
spir-14101	190	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	190	9	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	190	10	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	190	11	test	test	VERB
spir-14101	190	12	a	a	DET
spir-14101	190	13	series	series	NOUN
spir-14101	190	14	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	190	15	analyze	analyze	VERB
spir-14101	190	16	the	the	DET
spir-14101	190	17	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	190	18	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	190	19	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	190	20	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	190	21	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	190	22	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	190	23	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	190	24	factors	factor	NOUN
spir-14101	190	25	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	190	26	contribute	contribute	VERB
spir-14101	190	27	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	190	28	the	the	DET
spir-14101	190	29	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
spir-14101	190	30	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	190	31	both	both	DET
spir-14101	190	32	types	type	NOUN
spir-14101	190	33	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	190	34	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	190	35	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	191	1	my	my	PRON
spir-14101	191	2	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	191	3	questions	question	NOUN
spir-14101	191	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	191	5	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
spir-14101	191	6	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	191	7	as	as	SCONJ
spir-14101	191	8	follows	follow	VERB
spir-14101	191	9	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	191	10	rq1	rq1	NOUN
spir-14101	191	11	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	191	12	does	do	AUX
spir-14101	191	13	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	191	14	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	191	15	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	191	16	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	191	17	vary	vary	VERB
spir-14101	191	18	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	191	19	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	191	20	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	191	21	platform	platform	NOUN
spir-14101	191	22	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	192	1	h1a	h1a	NOUN
spir-14101	192	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	192	3	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-14101	192	4	/	/	SYM
spir-14101	192	5	x	x	X
spir-14101	192	6	contains	contain	VERB
spir-14101	192	7	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-14101	192	8	more	more	ADJ
spir-14101	192	9	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	192	10	avoidant	avoidant	ADJ
spir-14101	192	11	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	192	12	than	than	ADP
spir-14101	192	13	other	other	ADJ
spir-14101	192	14	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-14101	192	15	h1b	h1b	NOUN
spir-14101	192	16	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	192	17	twitter	twitter	NOUN
spir-14101	192	18	/	/	SYM
spir-14101	192	19	x	x	X
spir-14101	192	20	contains	contain	VERB
spir-14101	192	21	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-14101	192	22	more	more	ADJ
spir-14101	192	23	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	192	24	cynical	cynical	ADJ
spir-14101	192	25	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	192	26	than	than	ADP
spir-14101	192	27	other	other	ADJ
spir-14101	192	28	platforms	platform	NOUN
spir-14101	192	29	rq2	rq2	NOUN
spir-14101	192	30	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	192	31	does	do	VERB
spir-14101	192	32	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	192	33	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	192	34	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	192	35	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	192	36	vary	vary	VERB
spir-14101	192	37	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	192	38	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	192	39	subject	subject	ADJ
spir-14101	192	40	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	193	1	h2a	h2a	NOUN
spir-14101	193	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	193	3	politicized	politicize	VERB
spir-14101	193	4	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	193	5	receives	receive	VERB
spir-14101	193	6	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-14101	193	7	more	more	ADJ
spir-14101	193	8	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	193	9	avoidant	avoidant	ADJ
spir-14101	193	10	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	193	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	194	1	h2b	h2b	PROPN
spir-14101	194	2	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	194	3	politicized	politicize	VERB
spir-14101	194	4	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	194	5	receive	receive	VERB
spir-14101	194	6	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-14101	194	7	more	more	ADJ
spir-14101	194	8	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	194	9	cynical	cynical	ADJ
spir-14101	194	10	mentions	mention	NOUN
spir-14101	194	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	1	iii	iii	X
spir-14101	195	2	.	.	NOUN
spir-14101	195	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
spir-14101	195	4	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	195	5	greater	great	ADJ
spir-14101	195	6	significance	significance	NOUN
spir-14101	195	7	by	by	ADP
spir-14101	195	8	analyzing	analyze	VERB
spir-14101	195	9	the	the	DET
spir-14101	195	10	relevance	relevance	NOUN
spir-14101	195	11	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	195	12	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	195	13	infrastructure	infrastructure	NOUN
spir-14101	195	14	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	195	15	subject	subject	ADJ
spir-14101	195	16	politicization	politicization	NOUN
spir-14101	195	17	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	195	18	contributing	contribute	VERB
spir-14101	195	19	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	195	20	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	195	21	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	22	related	relate	VERB
spir-14101	195	23	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	195	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	25	my	my	PRON
spir-14101	195	26	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	195	27	situates	situate	VERB
spir-14101	195	28	the	the	DET
spir-14101	195	29	larger	large	ADJ
spir-14101	195	30	effects	effect	NOUN
spir-14101	195	31	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	195	32	the	the	DET
spir-14101	195	33	so	so	ADV
spir-14101	195	34	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	35	called	call	VERB
spir-14101	195	36	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	37	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	195	38	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	195	39	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	40	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	195	41	two	two	NUM
spir-14101	195	42	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	195	43	the	the	DET
spir-14101	195	44	most	most	ADV
spir-14101	195	45	significant	significant	ADJ
spir-14101	195	46	currents	current	NOUN
spir-14101	195	47	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	195	48	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
spir-14101	195	49	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	195	50	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	51	the	the	DET
spir-14101	195	52	digitalization	digitalization	NOUN
spir-14101	195	53	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	195	54	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	195	55	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	56	stafford	stafford	PROPN
spir-14101	195	57	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	58	2010	2010	NUM
spir-14101	195	59	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	60	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	195	61	the	the	DET
spir-14101	195	62	politicization	politicization	NOUN
spir-14101	195	63	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	195	64	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	195	65	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	66	oreskes	oreske	NOUN
spir-14101	195	67	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	195	68	conway	conway	PROPN
spir-14101	195	69	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	70	2010	2010	NUM
spir-14101	195	71	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	195	72	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	196	1	taken	take	VERB
spir-14101	196	2	together	together	ADV
spir-14101	196	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	196	4	this	this	DET
spir-14101	196	5	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	196	6	will	will	AUX
spir-14101	196	7	help	help	VERB
spir-14101	196	8	elaborate	elaborate	VERB
spir-14101	196	9	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	196	10	the	the	DET
spir-14101	196	11	extent	extent	NOUN
spir-14101	196	12	to	to	PART
spir-14101	196	13	which	which	PRON
spir-14101	196	14	these	these	DET
spir-14101	196	15	currents	current	NOUN
spir-14101	196	16	contribute	contribute	VERB
spir-14101	196	17	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	196	18	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	196	19	misinformation	misinformation	NOUN
spir-14101	196	20	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	196	21	including	include	VERB
spir-14101	196	22	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-14101	196	23	theories	theory	NOUN
spir-14101	196	24	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	196	25	that	that	PRON
spir-14101	196	26	directly	directly	ADV
spir-14101	196	27	undermine	undermine	VERB
spir-14101	196	28	the	the	DET
spir-14101	196	29	core	core	NOUN
spir-14101	196	30	practices	practice	NOUN
spir-14101	196	31	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	196	32	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	196	33	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	197	1	references	reference	NOUN
spir-14101	197	2	altmetric	altmetric	ADJ
spir-14101	197	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	198	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	198	2	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	198	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	198	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	199	1	altmetric	altmetric	ADJ
spir-14101	199	2	database	database	NOUN
spir-14101	199	3	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	199	4	json	json	NOUN
spir-14101	199	5	format	format	NOUN
spir-14101	199	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	200	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	200	2	unpublished	unpublished	ADJ
spir-14101	200	3	raw	raw	ADJ
spir-14101	200	4	data	datum	NOUN
spir-14101	200	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	200	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	201	1	[	[	X
spir-14101	201	2	dataset	dataset	X
spir-14101	201	3	]	]	X
spir-14101	201	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	202	1	altmetric	altmetric	PROPN
spir-14101	202	2	fetch	fetch	PROPN
spir-14101	202	3	api	api	PROPN
spir-14101	202	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	1	barbour	barbour	PROPN
spir-14101	203	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	3	v.	v.	PROPN
spir-14101	203	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	5	kleinert	kleinert	PROPN
spir-14101	203	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	7	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14101	203	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	9	wager	wager	NOUN
spir-14101	203	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	11	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14101	203	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	13	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	203	14	yentis	yentis	PROPN
spir-14101	203	15	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	16	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14101	203	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	18	2019	2019	NUM
spir-14101	203	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	203	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	204	1	guidelines	guideline	NOUN
spir-14101	204	2	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	204	3	retracting	retract	VERB
spir-14101	204	4	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	204	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	205	1	committee	committee	NOUN
spir-14101	205	2	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	205	3	publication	publication	NOUN
spir-14101	205	4	ethics	ethic	NOUN
spir-14101	205	5	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	206	1	https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4	https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4	PROPN
spir-14101	206	2	hilgard	hilgard	PROPN
spir-14101	206	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	206	4	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	206	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	206	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	206	7	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	206	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	206	9	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14101	206	10	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-14101	206	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	206	12	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	206	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	206	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	207	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	207	2	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	207	3	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	207	4	broken	break	VERB
spir-14101	207	5	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	207	6	versus	versus	ADP
spir-14101	207	7	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	207	8	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	207	9	“	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	207	10	selfcorrecting	selfcorrecting	NOUN
spir-14101	207	11	”	"	PUNCT
spir-14101	207	12	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	207	13	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	207	14	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	207	15	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	207	16	peer	peer	NOUN
spir-14101	207	17	-	-	PUNCT
spir-14101	207	18	review	review	NOUN
spir-14101	207	19	problems	problem	NOUN
spir-14101	207	20	are	be	AUX
spir-14101	207	21	exploited	exploit	VERB
spir-14101	207	22	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	207	23	attack	attack	NOUN
spir-14101	207	24	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	207	25	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	208	2	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14101	208	3	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-14101	208	4	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	208	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	6	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	208	7	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-14101	208	8	kahan	kahan	PROPN
spir-14101	208	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	208	11	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	208	12	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14101	208	13	scheufele	scheufele	PROPN
spir-14101	208	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	15	eds	ed	NOUN
spir-14101	208	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	208	20	oxford	oxford	ADJ
spir-14101	208	21	handbook	handbook	NOUN
spir-14101	208	22	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	208	23	the	the	DET
spir-14101	208	24	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	208	25	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	208	26	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	208	27	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14101	208	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	29	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-14101	208	30	0	0	NUM
spir-14101	208	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	208	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	209	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-14101	209	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-14101	209	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-14101	209	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	210	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.9	https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.9	PROPN
spir-14101	210	2	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	210	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	210	4	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14101	210	5	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-14101	210	6	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	210	7	2021	2021	NUM
spir-14101	210	8	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	210	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	211	1	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	211	2	conspiracists	conspiracist	NOUN
spir-14101	211	3	exploited	exploit	VERB
spir-14101	211	4	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	211	5	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	211	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	212	1	nature	nature	PROPN
spir-14101	212	2	human	human	ADJ
spir-14101	212	3	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN
spir-14101	212	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	212	5	5(11	5(11	NUM
spir-14101	212	6	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	212	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	212	8	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	212	9	11	11	NUM
spir-14101	212	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	213	1	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01217-2	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01217-2	NUM
spir-14101	213	2	https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4	https://doi.org/10.24318/cope.2019.1.4	PROPN
spir-14101	213	3	https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.9	https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.9	PROPN
spir-14101	213	4	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01217-2	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01217-2	NUM
spir-14101	213	5	marcus	marcus	PROPN
spir-14101	213	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	213	7	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14101	213	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	213	9	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	213	10	oransky	oransky	NOUN
spir-14101	213	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	213	12	i.	i.	NOUN
spir-14101	213	13	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	213	14	2017	2017	NUM
spir-14101	213	15	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	213	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	214	1	is	be	AUX
spir-14101	214	2	there	there	PRON
spir-14101	214	3	a	a	DET
spir-14101	214	4	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	214	5	problem	problem	NOUN
spir-14101	214	6	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	215	1	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	215	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	215	3	if	if	SCONJ
spir-14101	215	4	so	so	ADV
spir-14101	215	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	215	6	what	what	PRON
spir-14101	215	7	can	can	AUX
spir-14101	215	8	we	we	PRON
spir-14101	215	9	do	do	VERB
spir-14101	215	10	about	about	ADP
spir-14101	215	11	it	it	PRON
spir-14101	215	12	?	?	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	1	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	216	2	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14101	216	3	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-14101	216	4	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	216	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	6	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	216	7	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-14101	216	8	kahan	kahan	PROPN
spir-14101	216	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	216	11	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	216	12	a.	a.	PROPN
spir-14101	216	13	scheufele	scheufele	PROPN
spir-14101	216	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	15	eds	ed	NOUN
spir-14101	216	16	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	17	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	19	the	the	DET
spir-14101	216	20	oxford	oxford	ADJ
spir-14101	216	21	handbook	handbook	NOUN
spir-14101	216	22	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	216	23	the	the	DET
spir-14101	216	24	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	216	25	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	216	26	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	216	27	communication	communication	NOUN
spir-14101	216	28	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	29	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-14101	216	30	0	0	NUM
spir-14101	216	31	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	216	32	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	217	1	oxford	oxford	PROPN
spir-14101	217	2	university	university	PROPN
spir-14101	217	3	press	press	NOUN
spir-14101	217	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	218	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.13	https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.13	PRON
spir-14101	218	2	mccullough	mccullough	PROPN
spir-14101	218	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	218	4	p.	p.	NOUN
spir-14101	218	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	218	6	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	218	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	218	8	april	april	PROPN
spir-14101	218	9	30	30	NUM
spir-14101	218	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	218	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	219	1	retracted	retract	VERB
spir-14101	219	2	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	219	3	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	219	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	219	5	significantly	significantly	ADV
spir-14101	219	6	more	more	ADV
spir-14101	219	7	cited	cite	VERB
spir-14101	219	8	than	than	ADP
spir-14101	219	9	others	other	NOUN
spir-14101	219	10	[	[	X
spir-14101	219	11	substack	substack	VERB
spir-14101	219	12	newsletter	newsletter	NOUN
spir-14101	219	13	]	]	PUNCT
spir-14101	219	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	220	1	courageous	courageous	ADJ
spir-14101	220	2	discoursetm	discoursetm	NOUN
spir-14101	220	3	with	with	ADP
spir-14101	220	4	dr	dr	PROPN
spir-14101	220	5	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	220	6	peter	peter	PROPN
spir-14101	220	7	mccullough	mccullough	PROPN
spir-14101	220	8	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	220	9	john	john	PROPN
spir-14101	220	10	leake	leake	PROPN
spir-14101	220	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	221	1	https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/retractedcovid-19-articles-significantly	https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/retractedcovid-19-articles-significantly	ADV
spir-14101	221	2	mckie	mckie	PROPN
spir-14101	221	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	221	4	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-14101	221	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	221	6	2024	2024	NUM
spir-14101	221	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	221	8	february	february	PROPN
spir-14101	221	9	3	3	NUM
spir-14101	221	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	221	11	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	222	1	‘	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	222	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	222	3	situation	situation	NOUN
spir-14101	222	4	has	have	AUX
spir-14101	222	5	become	become	VERB
spir-14101	222	6	appalling	appalling	ADJ
spir-14101	222	7	’	'	PUNCT
spir-14101	222	8	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	222	9	fake	fake	ADJ
spir-14101	222	10	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	222	11	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-14101	222	12	push	push	VERB
spir-14101	222	13	research	research	NOUN
spir-14101	222	14	credibility	credibility	NOUN
spir-14101	222	15	to	to	PART
spir-14101	222	16	crisis	crisis	NOUN
spir-14101	222	17	point	point	NOUN
spir-14101	222	18	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	223	1	the	the	DET
spir-14101	223	2	observer	observer	NOUN
spir-14101	223	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	224	1	https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/03/the-situation-has-becomeappalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point	https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/03/the-situation-has-becomeappalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point	NOUN
spir-14101	224	2	oreskes	oreske	NOUN
spir-14101	224	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	224	4	n.	n.	NOUN
spir-14101	224	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	224	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	224	7	conway	conway	PROPN
spir-14101	224	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	224	9	e.	e.	PROPN
spir-14101	224	10	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-14101	224	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	224	12	2010	2010	NUM
spir-14101	224	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	224	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	225	1	merchants	merchant	NOUN
spir-14101	225	2	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	225	3	doubt	doubt	NOUN
spir-14101	225	4	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	225	5	how	how	SCONJ
spir-14101	225	6	a	a	DET
spir-14101	225	7	handful	handful	NOUN
spir-14101	225	8	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	225	9	scientists	scientist	NOUN
spir-14101	225	10	obscured	obscure	VERB
spir-14101	225	11	the	the	DET
spir-14101	225	12	truth	truth	NOUN
spir-14101	225	13	on	on	ADP
spir-14101	225	14	issues	issue	NOUN
spir-14101	225	15	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	225	16	tobacco	tobacco	NOUN
spir-14101	225	17	smoke	smoke	NOUN
spir-14101	225	18	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	225	19	global	global	ADJ
spir-14101	225	20	warming	warming	NOUN
spir-14101	225	21	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	226	1	bloomsbury	bloomsbury	NOUN
spir-14101	226	2	press	press	NOUN
spir-14101	226	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	227	1	peng	peng	PROPN
spir-14101	227	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	227	3	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-14101	227	4	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	227	5	romero	romero	PROPN
spir-14101	227	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	227	7	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	227	8	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-14101	227	9	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	227	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	227	11	horvát	horvát	PROPN
spir-14101	227	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	227	13	e.-á	e.-á	NOUN
spir-14101	227	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	228	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	228	2	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	228	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	228	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	229	1	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
spir-14101	229	2	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	229	3	cross	cross	ADJ
spir-14101	229	4	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	229	5	platform	platform	ADJ
spir-14101	229	6	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-14101	229	7	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	229	8	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	229	9	papers	paper	NOUN
spir-14101	229	10	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	1	proceedings	proceeding	NOUN
spir-14101	230	2	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	230	3	the	the	DET
spir-14101	230	4	national	national	PROPN
spir-14101	230	5	academy	academy	PROPN
spir-14101	230	6	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	230	7	sciences	sciences	PROPN
spir-14101	230	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	9	119(25	119(25	NOUN
spir-14101	230	10	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	11	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	12	e2119086119	e2119086119	PROPN
spir-14101	230	13	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	230	14	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119086119	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119086119	PROPN
spir-14101	230	15	romer	romer	PROPN
spir-14101	230	16	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	17	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	230	18	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	19	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	230	20	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	230	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	22	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14101	230	23	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-14101	230	24	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	25	2020	2020	NUM
spir-14101	230	26	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	230	27	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	231	1	conspiracy	conspiracy	NOUN
spir-14101	231	2	theories	theory	NOUN
spir-14101	231	3	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	231	4	barriers	barrier	NOUN
spir-14101	231	5	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	231	6	controlling	control	VERB
spir-14101	231	7	the	the	DET
spir-14101	231	8	spread	spread	NOUN
spir-14101	231	9	of	of	ADP
spir-14101	231	10	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	231	11	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	231	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	231	13	u.s	u.s	PROPN
spir-14101	231	14	.	.	PROPN
spir-14101	231	15	social	social	PROPN
spir-14101	231	16	science	science	PROPN
spir-14101	231	17	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	231	18	medicine	medicine	NOUN
spir-14101	231	19	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	231	20	263	263	NUM
spir-14101	231	21	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	231	22	113356	113356	NUM
spir-14101	231	23	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	232	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113356	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113356	NOUN
spir-14101	232	2	romer	romer	VERB
spir-14101	232	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	232	4	d.	d.	PROPN
spir-14101	232	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	232	6	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	232	7	jamieson	jamieson	PROPN
spir-14101	232	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	232	9	k.	k.	PROPN
spir-14101	232	10	h.	h.	PROPN
spir-14101	232	11	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	232	12	2022	2022	NUM
spir-14101	232	13	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	232	14	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	233	1	conspiratorial	conspiratorial	ADJ
spir-14101	233	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
spir-14101	233	3	as	as	ADP
spir-14101	233	4	a	a	DET
spir-14101	233	5	precursor	precursor	NOUN
spir-14101	233	6	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	233	7	opposition	opposition	NOUN
spir-14101	233	8	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	233	9	covid-19	covid-19	PROPN
spir-14101	233	10	vaccination	vaccination	NOUN
spir-14101	233	11	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	233	12	the	the	DET
spir-14101	233	13	us	us	PROPN
spir-14101	233	14	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	233	15	a	a	DET
spir-14101	233	16	multi	multi	ADJ
spir-14101	233	17	-	-	ADJ
spir-14101	233	18	year	year	ADJ
spir-14101	233	19	study	study	NOUN
spir-14101	233	20	from	from	ADP
spir-14101	233	21	2018	2018	NUM
spir-14101	233	22	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	233	23	2021	2021	NUM
spir-14101	233	24	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	234	1	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	234	2	reports	report	NOUN
spir-14101	234	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	234	4	12(1	12(1	NUM
spir-14101	234	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	234	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	234	7	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	234	8	1	1	NUM
spir-14101	234	9	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	234	10	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-02222014-5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-02222014-5	PROPN
spir-14101	234	11	savolainen	savolainen	PROPN
spir-14101	234	12	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	234	13	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	234	14	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	234	15	2023	2023	NUM
spir-14101	234	16	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	234	17	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	235	1	unequal	unequal	ADJ
spir-14101	235	2	treatment	treatment	NOUN
spir-14101	235	3	under	under	ADP
spir-14101	235	4	the	the	DET
spir-14101	235	5	flaw	flaw	NOUN
spir-14101	235	6	:	:	PUNCT
spir-14101	235	7	race	race	NOUN
spir-14101	235	8	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	235	9	crime	crime	NOUN
spir-14101	235	10	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	235	11	retractions	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	235	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	236	1	current	current	ADJ
spir-14101	236	2	psychology	psychology	NOUN
spir-14101	236	3	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	237	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04739-2	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04739-2	PROPN
spir-14101	237	2	serghiou	serghiou	NOUN
spir-14101	237	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	237	4	s.	s.	PROPN
spir-14101	237	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	237	6	marton	marton	PROPN
spir-14101	237	7	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	237	8	r.	r.	PROPN
spir-14101	237	9	m.	m.	PROPN
spir-14101	237	10	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	237	11	&	&	CCONJ
spir-14101	237	12	ioannidis	ioannidis	PROPN
spir-14101	237	13	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	237	14	j.	j.	PROPN
spir-14101	237	15	p.	p.	PROPN
spir-14101	237	16	a.	a.	NOUN
spir-14101	237	17	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	237	18	2021	2021	NUM
spir-14101	237	19	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	237	20	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	238	1	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	238	2	and	and	CCONJ
spir-14101	238	3	social	social	ADJ
spir-14101	238	4	media	medium	NOUN
spir-14101	238	5	attention	attention	NOUN
spir-14101	238	6	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	238	7	retracted	retracted	ADJ
spir-14101	238	8	articles	article	NOUN
spir-14101	238	9	according	accord	VERB
spir-14101	238	10	to	to	ADP
spir-14101	238	11	altmetric	altmetric	ADJ
spir-14101	238	12	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	239	1	plos	plos	PROPN
spir-14101	239	2	one	one	NUM
spir-14101	239	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	239	4	16(5	16(5	NUM
spir-14101	239	5	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	239	6	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	239	7	e0248625	e0248625	PROPN
spir-14101	239	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	240	1	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248625	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248625	PROPN
spir-14101	240	2	stafford	stafford	PROPN
spir-14101	240	3	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	240	4	n.	n.	PROPN
spir-14101	240	5	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	240	6	2010	2010	NUM
spir-14101	240	7	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	240	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	241	1	science	science	NOUN
spir-14101	241	2	in	in	ADP
spir-14101	241	3	the	the	DET
spir-14101	241	4	digital	digital	ADJ
spir-14101	241	5	age	age	NOUN
spir-14101	241	6	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	242	1	nature	nature	NOUN
spir-14101	242	2	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	242	3	467(7317	467(7317	NOUN
spir-14101	242	4	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	242	5	,	,	PUNCT
spir-14101	242	6	article	article	NOUN
spir-14101	242	7	7317	7317	NUM
spir-14101	242	8	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	243	1	https://doi.org/10.1038/467s19a	https://doi.org/10.1038/467s19a	VERB
spir-14101	243	2	the	the	DET
spir-14101	243	3	center	center	NOUN
spir-14101	243	4	for	for	ADP
spir-14101	243	5	scientific	scientific	ADJ
spir-14101	243	6	integrity	integrity	NOUN
spir-14101	243	7	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	244	1	(	(	PUNCT
spir-14101	244	2	2018	2018	NUM
spir-14101	244	3	)	)	PUNCT
spir-14101	244	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	245	1	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	245	2	watch	watch	NOUN
spir-14101	245	3	database	database	NOUN
spir-14101	246	1	[	[	X
spir-14101	246	2	dataset	dataset	X
spir-14101	246	3	]	]	X
spir-14101	246	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	247	1	retraction	retraction	NOUN
spir-14101	247	2	watch	watch	NOUN
spir-14101	247	3	database	database	NOUN
spir-14101	247	4	.	.	PUNCT
spir-14101	248	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.13	https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190497620.013.13	PRON
spir-14101	248	2	https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/retracted-covid-19-articles-significantly	https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/retracted-covid-19-articles-significantly	ADV
spir-14101	248	3	https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/retracted-covid-19-articles-significantly	https://petermcculloughmd.substack.com/p/retracted-covid-19-articles-significantly	ADV
spir-14101	248	4	https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/03/the-situation-has-become-appalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point	https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/03/the-situation-has-become-appalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point	ADJ
spir-14101	248	5	https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/03/the-situation-has-become-appalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point	https://www.theguardian.com/science/2024/feb/03/the-situation-has-become-appalling-fake-scientific-papers-push-research-credibility-to-crisis-point	NOUN
spir-14101	248	6	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119086119	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2119086119	PROPN
spir-14101	248	7	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113356	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113356	PROPN
spir-14101	248	8	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22014-5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22014-5	PROPN
spir-14101	248	9	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22014-5	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-22014-5	PROPN
spir-14101	248	10	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04739-2	https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04739-2	PROPN
spir-14101	248	11	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248625	https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248625	PROPN
spir-14101	248	12	https://doi.org/10.1038/467s19a	https://doi.org/10.1038/467s19a	PROPN