Microsoft Word - 87-91 Bram Danafri.edited.docx JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 6 NO. 2 (2019) Online version available in : http://arbitrer.fib.unand.ac.id JURNAL ARBITRER | 2339-1162 (Print) | 2550-1011 (Online) | Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. Some rights reserved DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.6.2.87-91.2019 Article Affixation Process in Sundanese Bram Denafri1, Mery Melati2, Sabri Koebanu3 1,2,3Department Indonesian Languange and Literature, Pamulang University, South Tangerang, Indonesia SUBMISSION TRACK A B S T R A C T Recieved: June 26, 2019 Final Revision: September 30, 2019 Available Online: October 23, 2019 This article focuses on the form of the affixation process in Sundanese. This study uses a qualitative approach. The data in this study are Sundanese sentences that contain affixation. The data sources in this study are (1) Sundanese dictionaries and (2) Sundanese speakers. The researcher collects data directly involved and is not directly involved in conversations with speakers of Sundanese. Furthermore, researchers also use note-taking techniques. Data analysis using the segmenting immediate constituent technique. Prefix in Sundanese consists of several types, including meN-~{n-}~{ny-}~{m-}~{ng}, pa-, pi-, pang-, sa-, si-, ti-, di-, ka-, ba-, and per-. Infix in Sundanese includes -ar-, -al-, -um-, and -in-. Sufix in Sundanese, several types of suffixes including -an, -eun, -na, -keun, -ing, and -ning. Confix in Sundanese includes ka - an, pa - an, pang - na, pang-keun, pi - eun, pika - eun, sa - eun, sa - na, - keun, and n - keun. KEYWORD Morphology, Affixation, Sundanese. CORRESPONDENCE E-mail: bram@unpam.ac.id I. INTRODUCTION Regional languages function as a symbol of regional pride and identity. Henceforth serves as a means of connecting with families and local communities, especially rural areas. Besides, regional languages also function as the language of instruction at the beginning (1-3) of elementary school. Then the regional languages function as a means of mass media communication (radio, newspapers, magazines). Then the main function of regional languages is as a tool for developing and supporting regional culture and national culture. One of the regional languages in Indonesia is Sundanese. Sundanese is the regional language used by community groups in the Java region, precisely in the province of West Java. The number of speakers of this language is 24,155,962 people. (Alwi, in Marsono, Morphology Indonesian and Nusantara, 2011: 42). Sundanese is an international regional language that is located ranked 33rd in the world based on data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Organization. Each language has specific rules and rules and patterns in the formation of individual words that are different from other languages, including Sundanese. One of the grammatical forms of Sundanese language that is interesting to study is the affixation process. Affixation is a form of morphological process. According to Chaer (2003: 177), affixation is the process of affixing to a basic word, which becomes the basic word in the BRAM DENAFRI / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 6. NO. 2 (2019) 88 affixation process is the smallest form that cannot be segmented again. Affixing a basic word can result in changes in form, class of words, and changes in meaning in the basic words. The affixation process is very influential in communication because if there is an affix error, this will make the meaning blurred. Therefore, this article focuses on the form of the affixation process in Sundanese. Research on affixation has been conducted by Hardyanti (2017), he compared the process of verb formation with affixation in Indonesian and Javanese. Meanwhile, Nuraeni (2013) discusses the affixation process of Sundanese and Javanese in Indonesian. Furthermore, Munandar (2016) discusses the process of affixation in the form of derivational, which describes how affixes form verbs in Sundanese. Meanwhile, Kulsum (2014) discusses the process of forming Sundanese language into in the Great Indonesian Dictionary. This study only focuses on explaining the process of Sundanese affixation, while previous studies compare Sundanese affixation with other languages. II. METHODS This study uses a qualitative approach. The data in this study are Sundanese sentences that contain affixation. Mallinson and Blake (1981: 12-18) explained that there are three sources of data in linguistic research, namely (1) sources derived from books or written information that already exists about the language studied. (2) sources derived from examples used by other authors who are recognized as truth and (3) sources originating from native speakers of the language studied. So, the data sources in this study are (1) Sundanese dictionaries and (2) Sundanese speakers. The data ware collected using the referential method. Data collection techniques using tapping techniques with advanced techniques refer to skillful involvement and skillful in- flight listening techniques (Sudaryanto, 1993: 133-134). The researcher collects data directly involved and is not directly involved in conversations with speakers of Sundanese. Furthermore, researchers also use note-taking techniques (Sudaryanto, 1993: 135), namely recording the affixation of Sundanese in the Sundanese Language Dictionary and classifying it into data cards. The data were analyzed using the immediate constituent technique, where the linguistics units were divided into several parts (Sudaryanto, 1993: 31). Furthermore, the analysis also used the insertion technique where the affixed were inserted to the Sundanese word to figure out the acceptable form of language (Sudaryanto, 1993: 37). III. RESULT This section explains the Sundanese language affixation process. 3.1 Prefix Prefix MeN- ~{n-}~{ny-}~{m-}~{ng}. This prefix serves to explain an action or process. The prefix {ka-} serves to explain unintentional actions. The prefix {ti-} serves to explaining the sudden situation. While, the prefix se- serves to declare a unit of measurement. Furthermore, the prefix {si-} and {ba-} serves to form transitive and intransitive verbs. The prefix {di-} serves to form passive verbs.The Sundanese affixation process is described as follows; (1) n- + tutup = nutup ‘close’ (2) ny - + cokot = nyokot ‘take’ (3) ny- + jieun = nyieun ‘make’ (4) ny - + sisi = nyisi ‘go along the side of’ (5) m- + pacul = macul ‘hoe’ (6) m- + bawa = mawa ‘bring’ (7) ng - + karang = ngarang ‘write’ (8) pa- + teupang = pateupang BRAM DENAFRI / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 6. NO. 2 (2019) 89 ‘meet’ (9) pi- + wulang = piwulang ‘adage’ (10) pang- + silih = pangsilih ‘each other’ (11) per- + canteen = percanteun ‘believe’ (12) sa- + imah = saimah ‘be under one roof’ (13) sa- + rawu = sarawu ‘handful’ (14) si- + beungeut = sibeungeut ‘wash face’ (15) ti- + teuleum = titeuleum ‘drowned’ (16) ti- + guling = tiguling ‘fall down’ (17) ba- + layar = balayar ‘sailing’ (18) di- + tulis = ditulis ‘written’ (19) ka- + tincak = katincak ‘stepped on’ (20) ka- + candak = kacandak ‘carried away’ 3.2 Infix In Sundanese there are several types of infix, namely infix {-ar-,} infiks {-al-}, infiks {-um- }, and infiks {-in-}. Infix {-ar}serves to form plural meanings. Infix {-al-} serves to explain a situation or estimate and form plural meanings. Infix {-um-} serve to form active verbs and describe an activity or process. Infix {-in-} serves to form passive verbs and explain an unintentional act. Example. (1) -ar- + budak = barudak ‘children’ (2) -ar- + maca = maraca ‘many people read’ (3) -ar- + nulis = narulis ‘many people write’ (4) -ar- + sae = sarae ‘good’ (5) -ar- + gunduk = garunduk ‘gather together’ (6) -ar- + diuk = dariuk ‘many people sit down’ (7) -ar- + gelo = garelo ‘lots of crazy people’ (8) -ar- + hejo = harejo ‘many are green’ (9) -ar- + dongo = darongo ‘lots of fools’ (10) -ar- + peuntil = pareuntil ‘lots of immature fruit’ (11) -ar- + nyeuseuh = nyareuseuh ‘many people wash’ (12) -ar- + macul = maracul ‘many people hoe’ (13) -al- + lieur = lalieur ‘a little dizzy’ (14) -al- + dahar = dalahar ‘many people eat’ (15) -um- + geulis = gumeulis ‘act like a beautiful person’ (16) -um- + kaula = kumaula ‘subserve’ (17) -um- + langsung = lumangsung ‘go on’ (18) -um- + tetep = tumetep ‘stay’ (19) -in- + serat = sinerat ‘written’ (20) -in- + tulis = tinulis ‘written’ 3.3 Sufix In Sundanese there are several types of suffixes that are suffixes {-an}, suffix {-eun}, suffix {-na}, suffix {-keun}, suffix {-ing}, and suffix {-ning}. Suffix {-an} serve to form active verbs. Suffix {-eun} serves to form passive verbs, form adjectives and explain things that are not intentional. Suffix {-keun} serves to form imperative verbs. Suffix {-na} severse to describing a thing that has been done, describing their possessions and describing the nature or condition. Suffix {- ning}forming particles. Example. (1) -an = cai + -an = caian ‘irrigate’ (2) -an = gawe + -an = gawean ‘do it’ (3) -an = seuseuh + -an = seuseuhan ‘laundry’ (4) -an = akut + -an = akutan ‘move it’ BRAM DENAFRI / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 6. NO. 2 (2019) 90 (5) -eun = cicing + -eun = cicingeun ‘taciturn’ (6) -eun = geunah + eun = geunaheun ‘very delicious’ (7) -eun = kabita + -eun = kabitaeun ‘tempted’ (8) -eun = kengeng + eun = kengengeun ‘allowed’ (9) -keun = sumput + -eun = sumputkeun ‘hide it’ (10) -keun = leutik + -keun = leutikkeun (perkecil) (11) -keun = alit + -keun = alitkeun ‘reduce it’ (12) -keun = beulah + keun = beulahkeun ‘rip apart it’ (13) -keun = candak + -keun = candakkeun ‘take it’ (14) -na = imah + -na = imahna ‘his house’ (15) -na = lanceuk + -na = lanceukna ‘her brother’ (16) -na = anggeus + -na = anggeusna ‘after that’ (17) na = sae + na = saena ‘very good (18) -ing = wireh + -ing = wirehing ‘therefore (19) -ning = wantun + -ning = wantuning ‘because’ (20) -ning = mangka + -ning = mangkaning ‘it turn out’ 3.4 Confix in Sundanese there are several types of confix found, namely confix ka - an, confix pa - an, confix pang - na, confix pang-keun, confix pi - eun, confix pika - eun, confix sa - eun, confix sa - na, confix - keun, confix n - keun. Example. (1) ka- + nyaho + -an = kanyahoan ‘found out’ (2) pa- + caang +-an = pacaangan ‘lighting’ (3) pa- + mandi + -an = pamandian ‘bathing place’ (4) pang- + geulis + -na = panggeulisna ‘the most beautiful’ (5) pang- + beulet + -na = pangbeuletna ‘the dumbest’ (6) pang- + meser + -keun = pangmeserkeun ‘please buy it’ (7) pang- + candak + -keun = pangcandakeun ‘Please get me’ (8) pang- + sapu + -keun = pangsapukeun ‘please sweep away’ (9) pi- + omong + -eun = piomongeun ‘the talk’ (10) pi- + ambeuk + -eun = piambeukeun ‘make anger’ (11) pi- + reseup + eun = pireseupeun ‘good personality’ (12) pika- + nyaah + -eun = pikanyaaheun ‘It is unfortunate’ (13) sa- + brak + -eun = sabrakeun ‘only a while’ (14) sa- + weungi + -eun = saweungieun ‘only one night’ (15) sa- + rengse + -na = sarengsena ‘the completion’ (16) sa- + wajar + -na = sawajarna ‘duly’ (17) sa- + daek + -na = sadaekna ‘ at will’ (18) di- + peser + -keun = dipeseurkeun ‘bought’ (19) di- + ageung + keun = diageungkeun ‘glorified’ (20) n- + tumpak + keun = numpakkeun ‘raise’ IV. CONCLUSION Based on data analysis, it was found that the affixation process in Sundanese consisted of four types, namely: prefix, infix, suffix, and confix. Prefix in Sundanese consists of several types, namely prefix meN-~{n- }~{ny-}~{m-}~{ng}, prefix pa-, prefix pi-, prefix pang-, prefix sa-, prefix si-, prefix ti-, prefix di-, prefix ka-, prefix ba-, and prefix BRAM DENAFRI / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 6. NO. 2 (2019) 91 per-. Infix in Sundanese, there are several types of infix, namely infix -ar-, infix -al-, infix -um-, and infix -in-. Furthermore, Infix - ar- in Sundanese shows something that numbered more than one (plural). Sufix in Sundanese several types of suffixes are suffixes -an, suffix -eun, suffix -na, suffix -keun, suffix -ing, and suffix -ning. Confix in Sundanese there are several types of confix found, namely confix ka - an, confix pa - an, confix pang - na, confix pang-keun, confix pi - eun, confix pika - eun, confix sa - eun, confix sa - na, confix - keun, confix n - keun. REFERENCES Chaer, Abdul. 2008. Morfologi Bahasa Indonesa. Jakarta : Rineka Cipta. Mallinson, Graham dan Barry J. Blake. 1981. Languange Typology : Cross-Linguistic Studies in Syntax. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company. Hardyanti, Sitti, dkk. 2017. Perbandingan Afiks Pembentuk Verba Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Jawa. Journal Sastra Indonesia Volume 6 (1) p.34-40 Kulsum, Umi. 2014. Invesgasting Sundanese Vocabulary In The Great Dictionary Of The Indonesian Languange Of The Languange Center In The Fourth Edition. Jurnal Metalingua Volume 12 (2) Marsono. 2011. Morfologi Bahasa Indonesia dan Nusantara. Yogyakarta : UGM Press. Munandar, Yusuf. 2016. Afiks Pembentuk Verba Bahasa Sunda. Jurnal Humanika Volume 1 (16) Nuraeni. (2013). 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