Phonological Variation in Serawai Language that Used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 5 NO. 1 (2018) Online version available in : http://arbitrer.fib.unand.ac.id JURNAL ARBITRER | 2339-1162 (Print) | 2550-1011 (Online) | Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. Some rights reserved DOI: https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.5.1.8-16.2018 Article Phonological Variation in Serawai Language that Used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese in Kota Manna, South Bengkulu. Lydia Gustina, Nadra, Rina Marnita Universitas Andalas, West Sumatera, Indonesia SUBMISSION TRACK A B S T R A C T Recieved: January 21, 2018 Final Revision: April 23, 2018 Available Online: April 28, 2018 This research aims to describe the phonological variation in Serawai language that used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese.This research is a descriptive research with a qualitative approach. The method that used in this research is method that proposed by Sudaryanto. The data are collected by using observational method, the technique applied in collecting data are interview, recording and taking field notes. In analyzing data, the researcher used a distributional method. The presenting the result is by using formal (signs and symbols) and informal method (descriptive of ordinary word). The result of this research is the phonological variation in Serawai language that used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese consist of 8 differential. They are 4 vocoid variations and 4 contoid variations. The vocoid variations are [ə]~[e], [i]~[e], [u]~[o], and [a:]~[a]. The contoid variations are [w]~[Ø], [y]~[Ø], [b]~[Ø], and [ɤ]~r]. There are phonologycal variations in Serawai language that used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese because there are sounds that unusual used in Minangkabau language, for example [ə] and [ɤ]. Furthemore, The variation is not change the meaning at all. KEYWORD variation, phonological, Serawai language, Minangkabaunese, Serawainese CORRESPONDENCE E-mail: lydia_gustina@yahoo.com I. INTRODUCTION Serawai language is one of the languages that used by Serawai ethnic that locates in Bengkulu Province. It is used in three ditricsts, they are Seluma Regency, South Bengkulu Regency, and Kaur Regency (Aliana et, 1992). Serawai language is still used and kept by the native speakers as a communication tool in their daily life. The Serawaineses are very proud of their language. It can be seen through their way to communicate. They usually do not use another languages even Bahasa to communicate in their hometown. Moreover, the speakers keep speaking Serawai language wherever they live. They do it when they meet up with their own relatives in abroad. The comers that come from West Sumatera has a big numbers to dominate in trading in South Bengkulu. Most of them live in Kota http://josi.ft.unand.ac.id/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.5.1.8-16.2018 LYDIA GUSTINA / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 5. NO. 1 (2018) 9 Manna, a capital of South Bengkulu Regency. They live around traditional market and shopping center, and also strategic places to make a business. They usually choose appropriate places that have a good transportation access. A couple of years ago, the comers were just being merchants. In the other hand, for now Minangkabaunese who live in Kota Manna have got many professions, for example a teacher, parliamentarians, civil servant, doctor, and etc. Minangkabaunese is known as a migrate society. According to Chandra, et al. (2000:51) migration is a tradition of Minangkabau society. The main purpose they move to the other place is for trading. Minangkabaunese has been known as a reliable trader. The life’s philosophy about migration that exposed in Minangkabaunese proverb “di ma bumi dipijak, di sinan langik dijunjuang” that is a value of life that inspire Minangkabaunese to live in the other region. There are interesting phenomenon that occurred in field about this study. First is a fact that a lack of research about Serawai language, if it is compared with the other language in Indonesia, for example Java language and Minangkabau language. Second, both Serawainese and Minangkabaunese are conservative speakers. It means both of them equally strong to maintain their mother language wherever they live. But, the uniqueness in this case, when Minangkabaunese come to Serawai region, they use Serawai language for their daily communication. Third, although Minangkabaunese in Kota Manna use Serawai language as their daily language, but Serawai language that their used is different with Serawai language that used by Serawainese itself. The language differences or language variation is occurred differences to say a language. The differences can be seen with compare lingustic elements in a language or more. It is consist of phonological, morphologycal, lexicon, syntax, and semantic, Zulaeha (2010) and Nadra and Reniwati (2006). The comparison linguistic element based on consideration of time of use and speakers from language that study. Language distinction can be seen from the speaker also. Speakers that have a social group (social dialect) and region place (geography of dialect) that differences can be seen by the ways to speak. Social group has related with class or status, and communities in society. An educated group has different language with worker group, farm labor, and the other social community. Base on a user group of language, dialect can divided into three types, such as: (1) regional dialect, is a language variation base on difference local (place) in a language; (2) social dialect, is a language variation that used by a community or group in a language; and (3) temporal dialect is a language variation that used by group language that live in one time (Nadra, 2006:30―31). This research is a social dialect that study about language variation that used by a community or group in a language. In this case Serawai language variation that used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese that live in Kota Manna, South Bengkulu. In this research language variation will be discused on synchronic, and the differences will be focused on phonological variation. As synchronically, language variation research is seen to compare between variation observation point with the other observation point in a period of time. Nadra (1997: 22) states that there is no language in the world that has no variation or differences. These variations are like different utterances by someone from time by time or the differences that occured in a place to other place. That utterance differences consist of sound, phone, phoneme, morpheme, or lexical. Keraf (1984: 143) states that language variation can be started by placing same region of language. There is a group of people LYDIA GUSTINA / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 5. NO. 1 (2018) 10 that has different and similar characteristic. A set of utterances that has characteristic that same in phonemic structure, vocabularies, morphology, and syntax that owned by each group called dialect. On the other hand, a group of people also has differences individu. Every one utters the language by bringing his own unique. The uniqueness is owned someone that that is habitual that based on inclination or impression to use language. Keraf (1996:144) and Nadra and Reniwati (2009:3) declare that uniqueness or characteristic that owned by someone in the ways he speaks called idiolect. Parera (1991:26) also states every single language has those variations. The variations are identified by geographical location, social status, or decided by the profession of each group in understanding limit. Language variation that decided by geographical location is called dialect. If it is decided by social status is called sosiolect; and if it is decided by function and profession called functiolect or proffesiolect. Phonological variation is a language variation in phonological aspects consist of sound variation and phoneme variation ( Nadra and Reniwati, 2009:23). For example, it can be seen through phonological variation in Sasak language that quoted by Nadra (2009:25), that is variation of sound [i] at the end position. That variation are -i, -e, -ie, and -iz. Mahsun (1995:33) explains that sound differences are not occured in phonetic context requirements, but it is an allophone. This reaserchThe theory that used in this research is proposed by Nadra and Reniwati (2009) which has been explained before. There several reseach deal with Serawain Language which have difference approach (Nopriansyah, 2015; Yukrawan, 2008; and Ponirah, 2014). The researches that have relevation with this research related with similarity of language phenomenon that is a language that used by other language speakers are the researches that studied (Prihatini, 2014; Anindya, 2016; and Leimgruber, 2011). Therea are also several research done with phonological variation which have difference object to the current research (Febrina, 2014; Rahman, 2014; Yusman, 2014). In her research Febrina (2014) The current research has a substansial differences with those researches. It focuses on phonological variation in Serawai language that used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese. This issue is not yet discuss in any of the previous research. II. METHODS This reaseach is conducted by using descriptive method and qualitative aproach. According to Nida (1963:1) there are four fundamentalist principles of descriptive analysis, firstly descriptive analysis must be based upon what people say. Second, the forms are primary and the usages secondary. Third, no parts of language can be adequately described without reference to all other parts. Fourth, languages are constantly in the process of change. The data are collected by using observational method, the technique applied in collecting data are interview, recording technique and taking field notes technique. To analyze of the data used distributional method. Furthemore, the method that used for presented the result of data analysis are formal(signs and symbols) and informal method (descriftive of ordinary word). III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Phonological variation is appear of phonetic differences in Serawai language that used by Serawainese and Minangkabaunese. The differences consist of one, two, or more phon or phoneme from lexicons that come from one etimon. Data show phonological variation are 8 variation, they are 4 sound vocoid and 4 sound contoid. Phonological variation can be seen from sound differences of symbol that LYDIA GUSTINA / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 5. NO. 1 (2018) 11 have transcribed. For example, there is differences sound of symbol to realizing lexicon aɤi~ari that mean ‘hari’ and butul~botol that mean ‘botol’. The sounds that have variation in two lexicon above are [ɤ]~[r] and [u]~[o]. The variations and the forms of sounds are explained below.The meaning and Glosss below are written in Bahasa. Variation of vocoid Variation of vocoid in Serawai language that used by Serawainese and Minangkabaunese ada 4 variation. That variation are [ə]~[e], [i]~[e], [u]~[o], [a:]~[a]. Here are the complete explanation: 1) Variation of [ə]~ [e] Sound [ə]~[e] appear in open ultima position (variation [ə]~[e] ̸_#), in word kə~ke mean ‘ke’. Selanjutnya, variation [ə]~[e] appear between sound contoid in posisi penultima and antepenultima (variation [ə]~[e]/ K_K). In word kəmaɤi~kemaren mean ‘kemarin’, also in word ,bəŋkulu~beŋkulu ‘Bengkulu’,pəsisir~pesisir’pesisir’,səmistir~ semester semester’, kəcəmasan~kecemasan ‘kecemasan’ bəɤat-berat ‘berat’, səbada~sebada ‘place thatsame’, ləbaran~lebaran ‘lebaran’, kedondong ‘buah kedondong’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 1: Tabel 1: Variation [ə]~[e]/ K_K Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [kəmaɤi] [kemaren] kemarin [bəŋkulu] [beŋkulu] bengkulu [pəsisir] [pesisir] pesisir [səmistir] [semester] semester [bəɤat] [berat] berat [kəcəmasan] [kecemasan] kecemasan [səbada] [sebada] tempat yang sama [ləbaran] [lebaran] lebaran [kədondoŋ] [kedondoŋ] buah kedondong Variation [ə]~[e] that appear between sound contoid in starting position after consonan (variation [ə]~[e]/K_) in word that has meaning ‘kecemasan’ kəcəmasan~kecemasan and ‘SMP that same’ seesempe~seesempe. 2) Variation [i]~[e] Variation of sound [i]~[e] that appears before contoid sound in ultima position(Variation [i]~[e]/_K#), in word muɲit~moɲet that mean ‘monyet’, uinm~udem ‘sudah’,səmistir~semester ‘semester’ and ujik~ojek‘ojek’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 2: Tabel 2: Variation [i]~[e]/_K# Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [muɲit] [moɲet] monyet [uinm] [udem] sudah [səmistir] [semester] semester [ujik] [ojek] ojek Moreover, variation [i]~[e] appear between contoid in penultima position (variation [i]~[e]/ K_K) is appear in libaɤ~lebar that mean ‘lebar’, kika~keka ‘aqiqah’, niniaɁ~neneɁ ’nenek’, bisan~besan ‘besan’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 3: Tabel 3: Variation [i]~[e]/ K_K Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [libaɤ] [lebar] lebar [kika] [keka] aqiqah [niniaɁ] [neneɁ] nenek [bisan] [besan] besan Variation[i]~[e] appear before nasal [ŋ] in ultima position (variation [i]~[e]/_ŋ#) can be seen in word siŋ~seŋ mean‘seng’, guriŋ~goreŋ‘goreng’, uliŋ~oleŋ‘tidak seimbang’ , ubiŋ~obeŋ‘obeng’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 4: Tabel 4: Variation [i]~[e]/_ ŋ# Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [siŋ] [seŋ] Seng [guriŋ] [goreŋ] goreng [uliŋ] [oleŋ] tidak seimbang [ubiŋ] [obeŋ] obeng Variation [i]~[e] also appear after sound of nasal [ŋ] in penultima position (variation [i]~[e]/ŋ_) can be seen in word ŋiciak~ŋeceɁ mean ‘bicara’. LYDIA GUSTINA / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 5. NO. 1 (2018) 12 3). Variation [u]~[o] Variation of sound [u]~[o] appear in between sound of contoid in ultima position (Variation [u]~[o]/K_K#), in word ŋubrul~ŋobrol mean ‘berbincang’, butul~botol ‘botol’, mutur~motor ‘motor’, punduk~pondo Ɂ‘pondok’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 5: Tabel 5: Variation [u]~[o]/K_K# Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [ŋubrul] [ŋobrol] berbincang [butul] [botol] botol [mutur] [motor] motor [punduk] [pondoɁ] pondok [muguɁ] [mogoɁ] Mogok Furthermore, variation [u]~[o] appear between contoid in penultima position (variation [u]~[o]/ K_K) can be seen in word butul~botol mean ‘botol’, mutur~motor ‘motor’, mubil~mobil ‘mobil’, lugat~logat ‘logat’ , lupis-lopis ‘lopis’, punduk~pondoɁ ‘pondok’, bulaɁ-baliɁ~bolaɁ-baliɁ ‘bolak- balik’, guriŋ~goreŋ ‘goreng’, kupi~kopi ‘kopi’, rumbuŋan~rombongan ‘rombongan’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 6: Tabel. 6: Variation [u]~[o]/ K_K) Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [butul] [botol] botol [mutur] [motor] motor [mubil, sətum] [mobil] mobil [lugat] [logat] logat [lupis] [lopis] lopis [punduɁ] [pondoɁ] pondok [muguɁ] [mogoɁ] mogok [bulaɁ-baliaɁ] [bolaɁ-baliaɁ] bolak-balik [guriŋ] [goreŋ] goreng [kupi] [kopi] kopi [rumbuŋan] [romboŋan] Rombongan Variation [u]~[o] appear before sound [ɲ] in penultima position (variation [u]~[o]/_ŋ) can be seen in word muɲit~moɲet that mean ‘monyet’. 4). Variation [a:]~[a] Variation of sound [a:]~[a] appear before diphtong in open ultima position (Variation [a:]~[a]/_#), in word nida:w~nidaw that mean ‘tidak’, ngapa:w~ ngapaw‘mengapa’, gala:w~galaw ‘semua’, kuda:y~kuday‘nanti’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 7: Tabel 7. Variation [a:]~[a]/_# Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [nida:w] [nidaw] tidak [ngapa:w] [ngapaw] mengapa [gala:w] [galaw] semua [kuda:y] [kuday] nanti Next, variation [a:]~[a] appear in close ultima position (variation [u]~[o]/ _K#) can be seen in word bisa:n~besan that mean ‘besan’, lita:Ɂ~litak‘capek’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 8: Tabel 8: Variation [a:]~[a]/_K# Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [bisa:n] [besan] besan [lita:Ɂ] [litaɁ] capek b. Variation of sound contoid Contoid that have variation in Serawai language that used by Serawainese and Minangkabaunese are [w]~[Ø], [y]~[Ø],[b]~[Ø], and [ɤ]~[r]. The condition can be seen below: 1). Variation [w]~[Ø] Variation [w]~[Ø] appear in centre position between vocoid [a] and [u] (variation [w]~[Ø]/a_u) can be seen in word awu~au that have meaning ‘iya’, in word tawun~taun that mean ‘tahun’, dawun~ daun‘daun’, jawua~jaua‘jauh’, sətawun~ setaun that mean ‘setahun’. Those are can be seen in tabel 9. Tabel 9: Variation [w]~[Ø]/a_u Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [awu] [au] iya [tawun] [taun] tahun [dawun] [daun] daun [jawua] [jaua] jauh [sətawun] [setaun] setahun Next, variation [w]~[Ø] also appear in centre position between sound [u] and [a], (variation [w]~[Ø]/u_a] can be seen in word luwas~luas that mean ‘luas’, luwaɁ~luaɁ‘like’, luwaɤ~luar‘luar’, and taɤuwaɁ~ taɤuaɁ‘sayur’, ɤuwas~ruas ‘ruas’, LYDIA GUSTINA / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 5. NO. 1 (2018) 13 duwaw~twow that mean ‘two’, tujuwa~tujua ‘tujuh’, sepuluwa~sepulua ‘ten’, tuwaw~tuaw‘ tua’, tuwapaw~tuapaw‘ada apa’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 10: Tabel 10: Variation [w]~[Ø]/u_a Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [luwas] [luas] luas [duwaw] [twow] two [tujuwa] [tujua] tujuh [sepuluwa] [sepulua] ten [tuwaw] [tuaw] tua [luwaʔ] [luaʔ] like [tuwapaw] [tuapaw] ada apa [luwaɤ] [luar] luar [taɤuwaʔ] [taɤuaʔ] sayur [ɤuwas] [ruas] ruas 2.Variation [y]~[Ø] Variation [y]~[Ø] appear in centre position between vocoid [a] and [i] (Variation [y]~[Ø]/a_i) can be seen in word payit~pait that mean ‘pahit’, jayit~jait ‘jahit’, kayin~kain ‘kain’, layin-lain ‘lain’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 11: Tabel 11: Variation [y]~[Ø]/a_i Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [payit] [pait] pahit [jayit] [jait] jahit [kayin] [kain] kain [layin] [lain] lain 1.Variation [b]~ [Ø] Variation of sound [b]~[Ø] appear after contoid [m] and before vocoid in penultima position (variation [b]~[Ø] ̸m_v) can be seen in word mbakini~maɁinithat mean ‘sekarang’, mbataɁ~mataɁ‘bawa’, mbubus~mubus‘mengeringkan’, mbəli~məli‘beli’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 12: Tabel 12: Variation [b]~[Ø] Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [mbaɁini] [maɁini] Sekarang [mbataɁ] [mataɁ] Bawa [mbubus] [mubus] Mengeringkan [mbəli] [məli] Membeli 2). Variation [ɤ]~[r] Variation of sound [ɤ]~[r] appear before vocoid in begining (variation [ɤ]~[r]/_V), in word ɤuma~ruma mean ‘rumah’, ɤumbaɁ~rumbaɁ‘rambut’, ɤumput~rumput‘rumput’, ɤantiŋ~rantiŋ ‘ranting’, ɤusaw~rusaw ‘rusa’, ɤəbuŋ~rebuŋ ‘rebung’, ɤindu~rindu ‘rindu’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 13: Tabel 13: Variation [ɤ]~[r]/_V Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [ɤuma] [ruma] Rumah [ɤumbaɁ] [rumbak] Rambut [ɤumput] [rumput Rumput [ɤantiŋ] [ranting] Ranting [ɤusaw] [rusaw] Rusa [ɤəbuŋ] [rebuŋ] Rebung [ɤindu] [rindu] Rindu Furthermore, variation [ɤ]~[r] appears after vocoid in last posisition (variation [ɤ]~[r]/ V_#) can be seen in word libaɤ~lebarthat mean ‘lebar’, ulaɤ~ular ‘ular’,luaɤ~luar ‘luar’, ipaɤ~ipar‘ipar’, ajaɤ~ajar‘ajar’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 14: Tabel 14: Variation [ɤ]~[r]/ V_# Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [libaɤ] [lebar] lebar [ulaɤ] [ular] ular [luaɤ] [luar] Luar [ipaɤ] [ipar] Ipar [ajaɤ] [ajar] Ajar Variation[ɤ]~[r] appears after vocoid in penultima position (variation [ɤ]~[r]/V_), can be seen in word bəɤapaw~bərapawthat mean ‘berapa’, pəɤainŋan~perainŋan‘saudara’, məɤumput~merumput‘merumput’, beɤuba~beroba‘berubah’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 15: Tabel 15: Variation [ɤ]~[r]/V_ Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [bəɤapaw] [bərapaw] berapa [pəɤainŋan] [pərainŋan] saudara [məɤumput] [mərumput] merumput [beɤuba] [beroba] berubah Variation[ɤ]~[r] also appears in ultima position (variation[ɤ]~[r]/_#). The rule is found in aɤi~ari ‘hari’, saɤi~sehari ‘sehari’, laɤi~lari ’lari’. Then, variation[ɤ]~[r] found before vocoid in closed ultima position (variation [ɤ]~[r]/_VK#), namely gaɤam~garam ‘garam’, kəɤaɁ~keraɁ ‘kerak’, LYDIA GUSTINA / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 5. NO. 1 (2018) 14 dəɤas~deras ‘deras’, uɤat~urat ‘urat’, bəɤas~bəras ‘beras’. The data show this variation is seen in the tabel 16: Tabel 16: Variation [ɤ]~[r]/_VK# Serawainese Minangkabaunese Gloss [gaɤam] [garam] garam [kəɤaɁ] [kəraɁ] kerak [dəɤas] [dəras] deras [uɤat] [urat] urat [beɤas] [bəras] beras Discussion It is a discussion about variation that found in this research. The phonological variation occured in this study are [ə]~[e], [i]~[e], [u]~[o], [a:]~[a], [w]~[Ø], [y]~[Ø], [b]~[Ø], and [ɤ]~[r]. This is hapened because there are sound that unusual used in Minangkabau language for example in variation [ə]~[e], sound [ə] unsual in Minangkabau language. Sebaliknya sound [e] is very usual used in Minangkabau language sehingga many sounds [ə] in Serawai language become [e] in Minangkabaunese utterance. But, of course the variation is not change the meaning at all. The same thing is happened with variation of sound [i]~[e],there is no sound [e] in Serawai language in Kota Manna, South Bengkulu makes Serawainese said sound [e] become sound [i]. For example, in word səmester ‘semester’ and seng ‘seng’ Serawainese is said [səmistir] and [siŋ], on the other hand Minangkabaunese more chose to say [semester] and [seŋ]. Once again, the variation is not change the meaning at all. There is variation [u]~[o] in this research,because there is no vocoid sound [o] in Serawai language, That is why Serawainese is said words that use sound [o] become sound [u], for example in word that mean ‘motor’ and ‘botol’. Serawainese say that words [mutur] and [butul], on the other hand Minangkabaunese more choose to say [motor] and [botol]. Morover, There is variation [a:]~[a] in Serawai language that used Serawainese and Minangkabaunese is caused by ada suprasegmental sound [a] that used by Serawainese, and become [a:].Serawainese call this [lugat] ‘logat’. Actually, Serawainese itself not reliaze that theiy used suprasegmental sound when they use sound [a], on the other hand Minangkabaunese say [a] just [a], not[a:]. In this research is also found variation of contoid sound [w]~[Ø]. In some words for examples awu that mean ‘iya’ and tawun that mean ‘tahun’, Serawainese say consonan [w] clearly, on the other hand Minangkabaunese is not says contoid [w]. That is make Minangkabaunese says word awu become au and tawun become taun. In result this research is also found variation [y]~[Ø]. In some words for example payit that mean ‘pahit’ and kayin that mean ‘kain’, Serawainese say consonan [y] clearly, on the other hand Minangkabaunese is not say sound contoid [y]. That is make Minangkabaunese says word payit become pait and kayin become kain. Furthermore, this research is also found variation of sound contoid [b]~[Ø], In some words , Minangkabaunese miss sound contoid [b], for example in word mbakini that mean ‘sekarang’, unusual to Minangkabaunese says cluster in beginning of word so mbakini, they says maɁini. In this research is also found the contoid variation that is [ɤ]~[r]. There is contoid sound that seldom find in Indonesia, that is [ɤ] but this is very often used by Serawainese. On the other hand, Minangkabaunese is also unusual to said [ɤ], that is why they are substitude sound [ɤ] become [r] when they speaking in Serawai language, so that [ɤumbaɁ] ‘rambut’ become [rumbaɁ], [libaɤ] ‘lebar’ become [lebar], etc. IV. CONCLUSION Based on data analysis can be concluded that phonological variation occured in Serawai language used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese in Kota Manna, South Bengkulu has 8 differences. Those differences consist of LYDIA GUSTINA / JURNAL ARBITRER - VOL. 5. NO. 1 (2018) 15 4 differences vocoid namely [ə]~[e], [i]~[e], [u]~[o],and [a:]~[a] and 4 differences contoid namely [w]~[Ø], [y]~[Ø], [b]~[Ø], and [ɤ]~r]. The phonological variations are occured in Serawai language used by Minangkabaunese and Serawainese because there are sounds that unusual used in Minagkabau language, for example sound [ə] and sound [ɤ]. REFERENCES Aliana, dkk. 1982. Sistem Kata Kerja Bahasa Serawai. Jakarta: Depdikbud, Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa. 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