http://www.press.ierek.com ISSN (Print: 2537-0154, online: 2537-0162) International Journal on: The Academic Research Community Publication DOI: 10.21625/archive.v3i2.516 Urban Identity Formation in Light Characteristics of Future Cities Youssef Abdelhakeem Elsayed1 1High Institute of Engineering-Thebes Academy for Sciences- Cairo, Egypt Abstract With the beginning of the 21st century and with the increase of urban growth in cities, the impact on urban cities significantly, especially environmental changes, climate, social and economic, which loss of some cities urban identity, As planners and designers of cities, we must facing these challenges by identifying the characteristics of future cities to Conservation our identity. © 2019 The Authors. Published by IEREK press. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Keywords Urban Identity(UI) — Urban Form(UF) — Future Cities Characteristics(FCC) 1. Introduction There are factors that have led to qualitative change in cities, Such as industrialization, globalization and techno- logical developments, which affect the function and formation of cities, and affect the form of aesthetic and urban, which affect the urban identity. There are some of future trends to build the cities, each with its characteristics and components. This is our role as planners and designers to build cities. We define these characteristics and how they reflect on the urban structure and the architectural identity such as formation of buildings, streets, public transport, landscape elements and urban spaces. 1.1. Problematic Search: Urban Identity Formation (UIF) and affected Future Cities Characteristics (FCC) 1.2. Main Question: How urban identity is formed by the characteristics of future city trends? 1.3. Research objectives: Identity the characteristics of future city. Formation of architectural identity. pg. 269 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication 1.4. Research methodology: Research methodology is three stages the first stage study of urban identity through urban identity definition, urban identity elements, and urban identity (past, present) using inductive method, the secon6d phase analysis future cities trends such as green city, smart city, social city, recreation city, touristic city, mixed city, science city and economic city, using analytical method, third stage show same leading Models for future cities to reach Future Cities Characteristics and Future urban identity using synthesis method. 2. Part I : Urban Identity(UI) 2.1. Urban identity concept The word “identity” is generally described as a collection of features that serve to define any object. In addition, urban identity is defined as the natural and artificial elements of a city, its social, cultural and historical character- istics. Among these characteristics, the most obvious and impressive are the identity of that city. Every feature that differentiates one city from the other and appears differently is counted as the identity component of that city. Each of the cities has had an identity over time, and today they are remembered and living with the identities they have created. The identity of a city has its own characteristics with many factors (Simonovic, 2013). Urban identity is defined by the identity of the place, the urban character, the character of the neighborhood and local character, Urban identity is concerned some of the sciences such as urban planning, urban design, landscape, environmental psychology, sociology and urban sociology, the identity of the place is also defined urban pattern and architecture style. Urban identity science has become an important issue in the past 25 years, reflecting the culture of society and societies and how it reflects on urbanization. Social events and social groups affect the form of urban identity in terms of gender, ethnicity, social class, religion and color to form the city of spaces, squares and streets, the urban identity is a reflection of the socio-economic and environmental needs of any society (Westminster, 2013). Urban identity can also be defined (Cities of the future, 2015): – The privacy of the place – Local heritage – Community culture – Local urban pattern – Local architectural character – Building materials – Environmentally appropriate urbanization – Appropriate activities 2.2. Urban Identity Components The identity of the city belongs to the city itself, which makes the city different from the others and adds value to that city and is the whole of the city-specific components. These components are also important features in the formation of that city’s identity. Concepts that constitute urban identity are gathered under two main headings as environmental and social identity. The relationships and interactions of these concepts forming urban identity (Parente, 2016). pg. 270 Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication Figure 1. Urban Identity Components 2.3. Urban identity (past, present) Every place has a distinctive urban and architectural identity, be the attraction for residents or from outside, and then the urban and architectural identity becomes an engine of economic activity and source of income for the pop- ulation, it produces architectural and urban identity of heritage and architecture grows and accumulates proceeds over the years, heritage consists of a set of cultural, social and environmental variables and economic as well as in the field of construction, and architectural identity and physical characteristics rooted in place, it’s tied to him and gives him a special form, show urban identity through formed urban fabric buildings and surrounding spaces (squares, roads and parks and other spaces, building forms, designs, colors of buildings, architectural elements, and materials ( , architectural or urban identity to be more explicit and prominent in president and large buildings (religious, governmental office, business and leisure), such models become a symbol for the place or city, the architectural and urban identity gives the place its spirit and taste, Which required the architects and developers of urban and architectural identity confirmation, in distracts, streets, open spaces and buildings. With the passage of time are affected by urban identity variables, technology and globalization and industrialization up to losing you physical identity, (Ozaslan, 1995) for example Cairo city - Egypt and Damascus city — Syria. Figure 2. New Urban Identity for Cairo (past — present) pg. 271 Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication Figure 3. New Urban Identity for Damascus ( past –present) 3. Part II: Future Cities Trends (FCT) 3.1. Future cities — importance and relevance More than 70% of the populations live in cities; urbanization has become a major contributor to economic, demo- graphic, social and environmental change, urbanization models have traditionally been applied without taking into account future results. Today we see models of urban planning formed as a result of environmental, social and economic reasons without taking into account future results, this led to the incompatibility of urban urbanization with the predictions of the future, and total reliance on vehicle traffic has become the dominant belief in the 21st century, there should be integrated environmental management to increase welfare, prosperity and social cohesion to improve living and raise standards of quality of life to increase satisfaction with urbanization, environmental management provides appropriate funding resources and catalyzes investment to create fast, appropriate urban and environmental fabric to improve urbanization (Saglik & Kelkit, 2017). 3.2. Future cities — conceptions of success There are some ideas, terminology and words that formed the concept of the future cities, they can be divided to environmental, social, economic and governmental, these characteristics and concepts was devised to satisfy future cities, they reflect different stakeholder and interest group conceptions of the ideal city of the future, These terms formed the urban identity of cities such as (Sustainable, Compact, Smart, Participative, Walkable, Integrated, Livable, Competitive, Productive, Innovative, Managed, Productive, Efficient. . . and so on), (Erdogan & Ayatac, 2015). Table 1 Explains a some of the elements, terms and conceptions of success which are most used by those working in specific city-related fields, or concerned with particular future city outcomes. Table 1. Elements, terms and conceptions of success Environmental terms Social terms Economic terms Governance terms Garden Participative Entrepreneurial Managed Continued on next page pg. 272 Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication Table 1 continued Sustainable Walkable Competitive Intelligent Eco Integrated Productive Productive Green Inclusive Innovative Efficient Compact Just Business friendly Well-run, well-led Smart Open Global Smart Resilient Liveable Resilient Future 3.3. Identity and characteristics of future cities The Global Human Settlements Report 2009 entitled ”Sustainable city planning” includes an assessment of the effectiveness of urban planning systems as a tool to address the challenges facing cities in the twenty-first century, The most prominent part of this global report revolves around the need to change existing planning methodologies in most parts of the world, (Haapala, 1998). – Smart city – Green city – Social city – Recreation city – Touristic city – Mixed city – Science city – Economic city Table 2. Smart city - Identity and characteristics Definition of smart cities and Identity Smart City seeks to create a technological environment that provides telecommunications and innovative ser- vices and enables them to access any application, anywhere, anytime Smart Governance Smart Grid Smart Economy Smart Mobility Virtual citizen center Flexible electric network Flexible real estate Car sharing manage- ment Participation administra- tion Communication between electricity producer, consumer and energy storage Networking local enter- prises Parking management Information Flexible exchange of data and goods Integrated public transport system Table 3. Green city - Identity and characteristics Definition of green cities and Identity Green City is a city that relies on renewable energy and clean technologies to achieve a carbon-free city and waste with the use of sustainable transportation. Continued on next page pg. 273 Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication Table 3 continued Zero Carbon City Zero Waste City Energy Generation Transportation Reliance on clean energy Reduce consumption 100% Renewable En- ergy Solutions green city based city to oper- ate without fossil fueled vehi- cles Reliance on fossil fuels Recycle 90% of grey water Solar system energy High technology Modern technologies Reduce water leakage to 3% Wind system energy Table 4. Social city - Identity and characteristics Social city - Identity and characteristics The social city is a city based on the creation of a social environment among its inhabitants creating a formation of a range of spaces, gardens and spiritual and spiritual uses Community Society Integration and interaction Social administration and governance Free time activities for all generations Social organization of the city and the people Community gardens and spaces Participation of the during an planning process Family friendly places Public spaces for social integration Table 5. Recreation city - Identity and characteristics Recreation city - Identity and characteristics The recreation city is a city based on nature in creating activities for entertainment, entertainment and sports activities to achieve the highest efficiency of calm, enjoyment and relaxation Silence and nature Leisure and entertainment Activity and sport Places for contemplative and self- centered recreation Cultural facilities Exercising , walking , biking Park Spa/ wellness centers Bike routes , hiking trials Wind landscape area with lonely places Playing, consuming sport facilities indoors and outdoors Animation Table 6. Touristic city - Identity and characteristics Touristic city - Identity and characteristics The tourist city depends on the exploitation of natural resources and cultural heritage to settle tourist activity that helps attract domestic and foreign tourists. Natural resources Local attractions Economic values Cultural heritage Unique landscape Traditional building Accommodation Build heritage Natural features Traditional festivals Hotels Customs Climates Religion places Souvenirs traditions Environmental touristic Restaurants Table 7. Mixed city — Identity and characteristics Continued on next page pg. 274 Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication Table 7 continued Mixed city - Identity and characteristics The mixed city depends on the multiplicity and confusion between the uses of land in the same neighborhood to reduce the travel distances between work, housing and shopping. Mix of functions Mobility mix Mixed generations Short distance between housing , working , leisure , food supply Interaction of different mobil- ity systems Cooperation between younger and older citizens Balance utilization of infrastructure Public transportation Multi generation homes Private transportation Demographic change Bike way and walking Table 8. Science city - Identity and characteristics Science city - Identity and characteristics The scientific city relies on research centers, universities and technology industries to attract the largest number of researchers and scientists in the world. Schools and university Research and industries conventions Schools and universities the core of science: they attract researchers and students from all over the world and spread of knowledge over the city. Private companies may bene- fit from the neighboring re- searchers in the universities and may support them or cooperate Conventions are good occasions to bring all participants of the science city together and invite researchers and partner from abroad Table 9. Economic city - Identity and characteristics Economic city - Identity and characteristics The economic city depends on the stability and improvement of the administrative conditions of the state through the exploitation of mineral resources in order to improve the living conditions of society. Good general framework Stability Economic values National and international connec- tivity Social stability Raw materials Efficient information system Balanced social mixture Accommodation Administrative conditions Good living conditions for the people at the merger of society Hotels Restaurants 4. Part III: Urban Identity Model (UIM) 4.1. Msheireb Project- Doha- Qatar : Regeneration and a New Urban Identity (Aziz & Misni, 2016). In 2008, the Msheireb project was launched over an area of 35 hectares; the aim of the project is to bring back the Qatari families to downtown Doha after their massive departure to the periphery during the 1950s and 60s. Beside aimed to improve the environment and boost the economy of the area. In short, the following are the main objectives of the master plan. – To promote a sustainable way of living within a compact city framework that reduces automobile usage, increases density and promotes public transport and mixed use – To renew a piece of city infrastructure so as to reduce its reliance on fossil fuel – To promote better integrated social communities at the heart o the city where locals and expatriate workers pg. 275 Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication are walk able neighborhoods, public spaces and amenities – To modernize a piece of Qatar’s capital city in ways that will resonate with local history and cultures. In order to implement these objectives a number of modernization challenges are in this master plan(European Union, 2016). – The short-term profit driven motives – Fragmented land ownership and its impact on the development pattern – Local climate and its impact on movement and urban form – The loss of community spirit and identity in the process of modernization – Image of the city-creation not transposition. – To implement these objectives the master plan proposed a safe and a thriving residential /commercial center containing facilities and amenities within a walk able distance (Boussaa, 2017). – In Msheireb, streets and neighborhoods form a compact urban pattern rather than being scattered each one in its own plot. The compact layout offers many advantages in terms of creating shaded streets that encourage inhabitants to walk. – This compact urban pattern is inspired from the old neighborhoods, as a response to climatic and social con- siderations. In addition, it encourages the social interaction between neighbors that will eventually increase the sense of place and identity. – Msheireb is structured around five main districts that encourage social interaction. These districts consist of the Emiri Diwan Quarter, which will host the National Guard and other services supporting the Emiri Diwan. A second district, the Mixed-Use and Residential Quarter, adjacent to the commercial quarter. It contains the main plaza to be the main breathing element for the entire Msheireb area, residential buildings, offices and other dynamic activities. A third district, the Retail Quarter, is the largest district, which comprises the most luxurious spaces in the project and city of Doha. The fourth district, the Business Gateway Quarter, is a business-oriented quarter full of business opportunities and governmental representatives o facilitate future investments in the city. The heritage Quarter, which escaped miraculously from decimation, forms the fifth part and stands as the only physical witness of the past. It is the main gateway to Msheireb and acts as the catalyst to create a new urban identity for the entire district. – The need to establish a new urban identity and character for Msheireb was fundamental in creating a new image to the city. Instead of transcribing from the past, influences are inspired from studying the local built heritage. Lessons learn from an examination of the historic districts in Doha and AlWakra enabled the establishment of seven principles as a guide for the design of the master plan, timelessness, diversity and unity, form and geometry, aspect of home, aspect of street, designing for climate and elements of architecture These principles intend to ease life for the future inhabitants while they provide them with a new urban identity inspired but not copied from the past. – The heritage quarter is the only survivor heritage area in Msheireb, the quarter represents an area equivalent to 2% of the entire 35 ha sites. The heritage quarter has two main roles, first it functions as the main Msheireb’s entrance, to welcome the local and global visitors from the adjacent Souk Waqif. Secondly, it provides a cultural trail to retrace Qatar’s history before 1950. – One way of rediscovering the urban identity of the city of Doha is to go back to its first roots and try to sustain them in face of the emerging global environments. Through the Msheireb urban regeneration project. pg. 276 Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication Figure 4. New Urban Identity - Msheireb Project- Doha- Qatar 5. Conclusion Through observation and analysis of the characteristics and identity of the future cities (green cities — smart cities — mixed cities — economic cities — social and scientific cities — recreational -tourist cities) and compare them with the concept of urban identity and components we find that: – Urban identity means (place — privacy — heritage — culture — past — urban compatibility — simulation) – There are properties to future cities can reflect urban identity of our cities as follows : – The identity of green cities (climate and environmental adjustment — green urbanize — urban fabric — local architectural character -sustainable transport) – The Identity of smart cities (Participation administration — Information — Flexible exchange of data and goods-Car sharing management-Integrated public transport system) – The Identity of social cities (Integration and interaction — Free time activities for all generations — Com- munity gardens and spaces — Family friendly places — Public spaces for social integration — Social orga- nization of the city and the people — Participation of the during a planning process pg. 277 Elsayed / The Academic Research Community Publication – The Identity of Recreation cities (Cultural facilities — Spa/ wellness centers — Playing, consuming — Animation — Exercising, walking, biking — Bike routes, hiking trials, sport facilities indoors and outdoors) – The Identity of Touristic cities (Unique landscape — Natural features — Climates — Build heritage — Customs and traditions — Traditional building — Traditional festivals — Religion places — Environmental touristic — Accommodation — Hotels — Souvenirs — Food — Restaurants) – The Identity of mixed cities (Short distances between housing, working, leisure, food supply — Balance utilization of infrastructure — Cooperation between younger and older citizens — Multi generation homes — Demographic change — Interaction of different mobility systems — Public transportation — Private transportation — Bike way — walking) – The Identity of Science cities (Schools and universities the core of science: they attract researchers and students from all over the world and spread of knowledge over the city -. Private companies may benefit from the neighboring researchers in the universities and may support them or cooperate) – The Identity of economic cities (National and international connectivity- Efficient information system — Administrative conditions - Social stability — Balanced social mixture — Good living conditions for the people at the merger of society) 6. References: 1. Haapala, A. (1998). Strangeness and familiarity in the urban environment. – e City as Cultural Metaphor. In Studies in Urban Aesthetics. International Institute,1998. 2. Aziz, N., & Misni, A. (2016). ’Open Space And Urban Identity. Sustainable Cities, Healthy Communities, 74-76. 3. Boussaa, D. (2017). Urban Regeneration and the Search for Identity in Historic Cities. Sustainability,10(1), 1-16. 4. Erdogan, B. D., & Ayatac, H. (2015). ” Assessment of urban identity characteristics in public places: A case study of Ortakoy Square. ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture,12(1), 115-125. 5. Cities of the future. 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Westminster Comprehensive Plan –City Identity and Design. pg. 278 Introduction Problematic Search: Main Question: Research objectives: Research methodology: Part I : Urban Identity(UI) Urban identity concept Urban Identity Components Urban identity (past, present) Part II: Future Cities Trends (FCT) Future cities — importance and relevance Future cities — conceptions of success Identity and characteristics of future cities Part III: Urban Identity Model (UIM) Msheireb Project- Doha- Qatar : Regeneration and a New Urban Identity (Aziz & Misni, 2016). Conclusion References: