azojete: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called azojete.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Engineering; Www.azojete.com.ng; Water; Nigeria; Energy; System; Temperature; Power; Soil; Model; Strength; Technology; Oil; Properties; Moisture; Data; Time; Design; Samples; Concrete; Waste; Efficiency; Production; Machine; Performance; Yield; Materials; Food; Flow; Load; Voltage; Speed; Analysis; Rate; Area; Surface; Heat; Sample; Control; Value; Quality; Fuel; Groundwater; Steel; Rainfall; Ash; Construction; Wind; Plant; Air; Adsorption; Cassava; Drying; Treatment; Storage; Detection; Algorithm; Loss; Biomass; Flour; Grain; Shell; Depth; Field; Shaft; Loading; Gas; Satellite; Maize; Concentration; Angle; Compressive; Learning; Wastewater; Torque; Shear; Season; Equation; Level; Thickness; Assessment; Models; Asphalt; Stator; Rubber; Article

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Performance Evaluation of Solar Panel with Reflector Using Nano Fluids by Ibrahim, A. T.; Abdullahi, A. A.; Mustapha, A. T.; Nura, J.; Bala, A. (2025) - ABSTRACT This research evaluated the performance of solar panel with reflector using Nano Fluids in Kano State, Nigeria. An experimental setup was designed, consisting of a solar panel without modification PWM, solar panel with reflectors PWR, solar panel with reflectors and a water-cooling system (PWRC). Keywords: cooling; engineering; panel; pwr; reflector; system; temperature; water
• Identification, Classification and Ranking of the Causes of Building Collapse in Abuja, Nigeria – A Review by Akuboh, B. O.; Aimola, T. (2025) - ABSTRACT This study examines the incidences of reported building collapses from inception in Abuja, Nigeria from 2008 to 2024 and the attendant increasing loss of lives, properties and injuries, with a view to determining leading causes of building collapses, it’s classification and ranking within the FCT - Abuja. A total of thirty (30) cases of building collapses were identified to have occurred in the FCT leading to the confirmed death of at least fifty-seven (57) persons. Keywords: abuja; building; causes; collapse; construction; deaths; engineering; failure; fct; lack; materials; nigeria; storey; technical
• Assessment of Agro-Waste Potentials for the Generation of Electrical Energy in Northeast Nigeria by Bukar, A.; Mustapha, K.; Aliyu, U. O.; Jiya, J. D.; Bakare, G. A. (2025) - Undoubtedly, agro wastes are the cheapest renewable energy resources found in the northeast sub-region. For all AW Set temperature at 550oC for each AW to convert to ash Electronic Weighing Scale Select each sample of Agro wastes (AW) collected in Northeast sub- region Weight of AW before drying (𝑤𝑏) in grams Set to remove moisturecontent Electronic Weighing Scale Muffle Furnace Oven Dryer All AW processed ? Keywords: agro; author; calorific; electricity; energy; engineering; figure; journal; nigeria; northeast; region; state; sub; technology; wastes
• Homer Pro-Based Approach for Designing and Optimizing a Grid-Tied Hybrid Renewable Energy System for a Rural Community by Alayande, A. S.; Emmies, A. E.; Okakwu, I. K.; Gbenga, O. K.; Okeolu, O. S. (2025) - The continuity of power supply in renewable energy system is a challenge that must be overcome. Optimum Design of Hybrid renewable energy System through Load Forecasting and different Operating strategies for rural Electrification. Keywords: battery; cost; diesel; energy; engineering; generator; hybrid; load; power; system; wind
• Characterization and Experimental Analysis of AA7075 Aluminium Alloy and Rice Husk Ash Reinforced Hybrid Composite by Sulayman, F. A.; Saraki, Y. A.; Sulaiman, I. (2025) - Adediran et al., 2021). Adediran et al., 2021; Alaneme and Sanusi, 2015; Saini et al., 2020). Keywords: aluminium; composite; engineering; graphite; hardness; husk; impact; journal; materials; matrix; rha; rice
• Assessment of the Hydroelectricity Generation Potential of Gwaigwaye Reservoir in Funtua, Katsina State, Nigeria. by Olabisi, P. O.; Abdullahi, M. M. (2025) - Many studies and efforts aimed at discovering alternative solutions to the energy dilemma confronting most developing nations, include works on renewable energy generation, distributed generation, energy efficiency programs and so on (Mohammed et al., 2013; Nwozor et al., 2021; Streimikiene et al., 2021; Pehlivanoglu et al., 2021). In tackling this problem, rural electrification required for household lighting, production purposes which include water pumping for irrigation, water supplies, processing and preservation of farm produce and other agro-industry processes and small commercial and manufacture activities, is of a major concern in developing economies (Barnes et al, 1997; Akbas et al., 2022; Dibaba et al., 2022).In order to meet the energy needs of the vast population of the Nigerian people, it has become necessary to explore and harness the hydroelectric potentials in various parts of the country (Manohar and Adeyanju, 2009; Mohammed et al., 2013; Fakenhinde et al., 2019). Keywords: energy; engineering; environment; generation; head; journal; march; nigeria; power; reservoir; technology; turbine; water
• Design and Fabrication of Solar and Gasoline Dual-Powered Lawn Mower by Abdulrahman, K. O.; Ibrahim, H. K.; Adeleke, K. K.; Azeez, B. O.; Jamiu, I. A.; Babatunde, R. A.; Abdulazeez, K. O.; Aweda, J. O. (2025) - ibrahim.kh@unilorin.edu.ng ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT The need to improve existing lawnmowers is highly essential, especially when there is availability of alternative and renewable sources of power (solar energy). Through the use of solar energy captured by the solar panels, the DC batteries (lead accumulators) are replenished. Keywords: battery; blade; energy; engineering; journal; lawn; mower; solar
• Quality Assessment Of Commercial Sandcrete Hollow Blocks Produced In Kaura District, Abuja by Ibrahim, M.; Yerima, M. A.; Danbuba, Z.; Masud, A. Y.; Ibrahim, M. A. (2025) - Investigation shows that hollow sandcrete blocks obtained from selected block factories ranges from 50 to 75 pieces of blocks from one bag of cement. This is caused by the use of deformed molds and incorrect machine mold tuning, which can result in an increase or decrease in the dimensions of hollow sandcrete blocks. Keywords: blocks; compressive; engineering; factories; journal; nigeria; sandcrete; sandcrete blocks; standard; strength
• Design and Fabrication of a Canvas Belt Thresher for Efficient Cowpea Threshing by Adanu, E. O.; Iya, S. A.; Yakubu, I. T.; Kabri, H. U. (2025) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author's email address: engr.adanu@gmail.com 178 Table 1: Principal Dimensions of the Thresher Machine dimensions Value Inclination angle of tray/trough 45 o Length of tray/trough 310mm Average width of tray/trough 580mm Volume of tray/trough 0.01m3 Overall machine width 800mm Overall machine height 820mm Overall machine length 1500mm Overall machine volume 0.984m3 Thresher parameters Drum diameter 70mm Drum length 400mm Drum speed 550rpm Thresher belt length1 1100mm Thresher belt length2 840mm Threshing belt width 400mm Belt capacity 6.4kg/s Power required to drive thresher belt 1.81kW Table 2: Power Parameters of the Thresher Parameters of Power transmission systems Value Pulley diameter d1 50mm Pulley diameter d2 130mm Pulley diameter d3 70mm Pulley diameter d4 170mm Pulley 1 & 2 speed ratio 2.6 Pulley 3 & 4 speed ratio 2.4 Belt type V-type Belt speed 10m/s Belt cross sectional area 31mm2 Belt mass per meter run 0.105kg Shaft diameter 20mm Bearing type radial ball bearing (6304) Test code for threshing machines. Keywords: belt; cowpea; design; diameter; engineering; power; pulley; shaft; thresher; threshing
• Multi- Objective Optimization of Shelling Process of an Engine - Operated Melon (Citrullus Laenatus Kuntze) Sheller by Yusuf, D. D.; Attanda, M. L.; Yusuf, H. O. (2025) - The actions create a material flow through high velocity of the mass of shelled seed, unshelled seed and chaff to a blower where shelled seeds are separated from chaff. The machine shelling capacity was calculated as (FAO, 1994): C= qs/ t (12) where: C = shelling capacity, (kg/h), qs = weight of shelled seed, (kg), t = shelling time, (hours) 2.4.2 Shelling efficiency Keywords: algorithm; content; drum; efficiency; engineering; feed; machine; melon; moisture; passes; rate; shelling; speed
• Simulation and Optimization of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration for Energy Recovery in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. by Tela, B. M.; Oumarou, M. B.; Eljummah, A. M.; Ngala, G. M. (2025) - Primary air temperature is a key parameter for incinerator operation (Khodabandeh et al., (2016); Khuriati et al., (2017)), but there is still limited information about how primary air temperature affects MSW incineration. Evaluation of Municipal Solid Wastes Characteristics Towards Electricity Generation in Maiduguri Metropolis, Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, in press Bansal R.K. 2005. Keywords: air; arid; engineering; environment; journal; moisture; msw; sample; technology; temperature; velocity; waste; zone
• Hardness, Density and Water Absorption Properties of Doum Palm Shell Particles and Sugarcane Bagasse Reinforced Polypropylene Hybrid Composite by Kyari, K. R. ; Aji, I. S.; Daura, M. (2025) - The use of natural fibers and agricultural wastes for the formulation of composites materials has therefore continue to receive great attention. This work is focused on the utilization of Doum Palm shell particles and Sugarcane Bagasse to reinforce polypropylene (PP) in the production of a hybrid composite. Keywords: bagasse; composite; density; doum; engineering; journal; loading; materials; palm; particles; shell; water
• Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibition, Thermo-Oxidative Stability, and Biodegradability of Castor Oil-Based Lubricant by Woma, T. Y. ; Ipilakyaa, T. D.; Abdullahi, A. A.; Abdulrahman, A. S.; Olutoye, M. A.; Lawal, S. A. (2025) - (a) Test with cast iron particles (b) after 2Hrs, castor oil (c) after 2Hrs, SAE 20W50 Plate 2: Corrosion inhibition tests of castor oil and SAE 20W50 3.5 Biodegradability of Nigerian castor oil and SAE 20W50 In this paper, the study of physicochemical, rheological, temperature, thermo-oxidative stability, corrosion inhibition and biodegradability properties of castor oil extracted from Nigerian grown castor bean seeds was conducted using standard test methods. Keywords: 20w50; castor; castor oil; engineering; lubricant; mineral; oil; oils; point; properties; sae; value; viscosity
• Synthesis and Simulation of Tannery Wastewater Treatment Process with Biogas Generation Using WRC STOAT Software by Rasheed, A. A.; Yusuf, F. G.; Ogunleye, S.; Ibrahim, A. B. (2025) - This research demonstrates the effectiveness of STOAT as a simulation tool for designing tannery wastewater treatment processes, ensuring compliance with stringent regulatory standards while optimizing resource recovery through biogas generation and sludge management. Simulation tools like STOAT have proven effective for modeling wastewater treatment processes; however, their application to tannery effluents is limited. Keywords: biogas; bod; engineering; journal; process; simulation; sludge; tannery; treatment; wastewater; wastewater treatment
• Optimization of Machining Parameters and Nano-Lubricant Effects on Drilling, Grinding, and Turning Machining Process; Challenges and Future Trends - A Review by Omoniyi, P. O. (2025) - The application of optimization models for predictions for turning parameters and the study of the cutting fluid on the workpiece's chemical, mechanical, and thermal properties have been transformed from a raw product to a finished product (Dey et al., 2023; Okokpujie and Tartibu, 2023h; Gupta et al., 2023). ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s email address: omoniyi.po@unilorin.edu.ng 411 The application of several optimization tools is promise-able for the machining process, such as drilling, grinding, and turning operations (Selvan et al., 2023; Abbas et al., 2023). Keywords: cutting; drilling; engineering; et al; grinding; journal; lubrication; machining; manufacturing; method; mql; nanofluid; nanoparticles; oil; optimization; parameters; performance; process; quantity; rate; roughness; speed; steel; surface; technology; tool; turning
• Seismic Behaviour of High-Rise Buildings Equipped with Fluid Viscous Dampers: A Review by David, I. A.; Mohammed, K.; Muazu, N.; Nadro, M. S. (2025) - 5.2 Placement of seismic dampers in reducing seismic responses The placement of FVDs in high-rise buildings is a crucial factor in optimizing seismic performance. Figure 8 and 9 shows how FVDs are placed in high rise building. Keywords: 2022; buildings; dampers; damping; energy; engineering; et al; fluid; fvds; journal; performance; response; rise; structures; vibrations
• A Review of Blended Non-Edible Green Oil-Based Lubricants for Enhanced Performance in Two-stroke Engines by Oyedeji, A. A.; Abolarin, M. S.; Lawal, S. A.; Abdullahi, A. A.; Sadiq, I. O. (2025) - The extracted oil displays characteristics that are comparable to oil lubricants popularly used. Formulation and tribological performance of engine oil blended with various non‐edible vegetable oils. Keywords: 2022; additives; castor; engine; engineering; environment; et al; friction; green; journal; lubricants; oil; oils; performance; properties; research; stability; stroke; technology; viscosity; wear
• Response Surface Modeling of Soursop Rich Seed Pyrolysis for Optimum Bio-oil Production by Ugwuodo, C. B.; Itiri, H. U.; Enyinnaya, L. A.; Emmanuel, I. N.; Agbokwor, S. E.; Uzoma, V. C.; Daniel, R. U.; Ezeocha, L. C. (2025) - Soursop seeds were oven-dried, ground, and sieved into various particle sizes within 1.0 to 6 mm range before undergoing pyrolysis at temperatures between 400 to 600 °C under inert nitrogen gas flow rates between 1.0 to 1.5 L/min. A Box-Behnken design under Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to model and optimize the effects of temperature, particle size, and inert gas flow on bio-oil yield. Soursop seed pyrolysis at varying temperatures has demonstrated this trend, where biochar yields decrease, and bio-oil yields increase with rising temperatures (Patel et al., 2021). Keywords: acid; analysis; bio; biomass; design; energy; engineering; et al; flow; gas; inert; journal; oil; oil yield; particle; pyrolysis; seed; soursop; temperature; yield
• Transitioning to Sustainable Energy: The Promise of Solar Power – A Review by Onah, J. N.; Jemiriayigbe, G. O. (2025) - In: Thermodynamics in nuclear power plant systems. Wind energy systems convert wind’s kinetic energy into electricity through multiple stages. Keywords: electricity; energy; engineering; generation; geothermal; heat; journal; nigeria; nuclear; plants; power; power generation; solar; systems; technology; turbines; water; wind
• Tribological Evaluation of Canarium Shweinfurthi (African Elimi) Oil as Lubricant in Metal Forming by Kamtu, P. M.; Gukop, N. S.; Ashwe, A.; Gundu, D. T.; Albert, W. Y. T.; Babawuya, A.; Popoolao, C. A. (2025) - Tribometric evaluation of rubber see oil lubricant in upset forging. This was carried out using Boron Nitride as additive to determine the best quantity that can be added in vegetable oil lubricants. Keywords: boron; coefficient; compression; engineering; journal; lubricant; metal; nitride; oil; table; test; wt%bn
• Drone Equipment and Configuration for Detecting Theft in Telecommunication Infrastructure by Njoku, C. O.; Gambo, A. V.; Bello, Y. (2025) - Table 2: Battery test for UAV system during and in-between surveillance patrol Initial Battery Voltage (V) It is believed that this review article will be a helpful resource for academics, engineers and policymakers working in UAV detection and classification. Keywords: drones; engineering; infrastructure; intrusion; journal; patrol; surveillance; system; technology; telecommunication; uav
• Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Network Modeling and Optimization of Luffa Cylindrica Fibre Pyrolysis in a Fixed-Bed Pyrolizer by Ugwuodo, C. B.; Itiri, H. U.; Ogomegbulam, E. O.; Mathew, C.; Ude, C. N.; Emmanuel, I. N.; Agbokwor, S. E. (2025) - Additionally, utilizing Luffa cylindrica for bio-oil production helps in waste management by repurposing agricultural residues into valuable energy products (Abbas et al., 2018). The methods as mentioned above provide a methodology based on empirical evidence for representing intricate connections between input variables and intended results, hence facilitating faster and more successful optimization procedures (Abbas et al., 2019). Keywords: ann; bio; cylindrica; engineering; et al; gas; luffa; oil; particle; process; production; pyrolysis; response; rsm; temperature; yield
• Development of Smart Energy-Efficient Lighting System Using AC-Tied Solar PV with Light Sensitivity Control by Omogoye, S. O.; Ogundare, A. B.; Yekinni, A. A.; Adedoyin, M. A.; Oyetola, J. B.; Ogunyemi, G. P.; Olalekan, H. Q. (2025) - Current solutions like using diesel generators (DGs), hybrid renewable energy supply systems (HRESS), and standalone renewable energy supply systems (SRESS) present significant drawbacks: in addition, DGs are expensive to run while HRESS require substantial upfront investment. Table 2: Solar PV system load profile design selection (Lilienthal & Gilman, 2004) Keywords: design; energy; engineering; iacsls; load; power; solar; system; technology
• Effect of Adsorbent Dosage on the Kinetics and Isotherms of Lead(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Corn Husk by Rasheed, A. A.; Muhammad, H. S.; Jakada, Y.; Salahudeen, N. (2025) - In recent years, biosorption has gained significant attention as a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach for removing heavy metals from contaminated environments (Khalid et al., 2023; Reti et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2024). The peak at 2822.2 cm⁻¹ is attributed to C-H stretching vibrations, characteristic of aliphatic hydrocarbons or methylene groups, which indicate the presence of organic structural elements derived from lignin and other plant based compounds (Ray and Gupta, 2013; El-Araby et al., 2017; Magoling and Macalalad, 2017; Chizoruo et al., 2019) Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; capacity; carbon; corn; dosage; engineering; et al; husk; ions; journal; lead; metal; removal; studies; surface; technology; water
• Transesterification of Waste Frying Oil Using Alkaline Activated Waste Marble Catalyst: Effects of Process Parameters, Modeling, and Optimization by Allen, M. A.; Nwosu-Obieogu, K.; Erokare, T. E.; Okoye, J.; Francis, M. U.; Nwogu, C. N.; Itiri, H. (2025) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s email address: kenenwosuobie@mouau.edu.ng 729 Figure 7: GCMS analysis of optimal waste frying oil biodiesel It can be shown that the triglyceride of the waste frying oil was transformed to methyl esters in Fig. 7 after being subjected to an alkaline-activated waste marble catalyst. ABSTRACT Through calcination at 600oC for four hours, a novel alkaline activated waste marble heterogeneous catalyst was produced and successfully used for biodiesel synthesis from waste frying oil. Keywords: acid; alkaline; analysis; biodiesel; catalyst; engineering; figure; frying; marble; methanol; model; oil; production; reaction; surface; transesterification; value; waste; yield
• Development of a Simulated Annealing-Optimized Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (SA-ANFIS) for Sorghum Seed Planting Parameter Tuning by Abubakar, I.; Abdullahi, I. M.; Balami, A. A.; Idah, P. A. (2025) - Figure 5: Plot of planting depth membership function The range of planting depth is from 1 cm to 5 cm (Inuwa et al., 2020). The solution prioritizes planting quality (planting depth) while maintaining efficient field operations (planting speed). Keywords: anfis; control; depth; engineering; function; medium; membership; moisture; planting; soil; speed; system
• Spatio-Temporal Dynamics and Forecasting of Urban Land Use and Land Cover Change in Maiduguri Using Google Earth Engine and Machine Learning by Shettima, M.; Hasnat, M.; Sambo, G. H.; Bukar, A. G.; Boyoma, A. M.; Mohammed, M. A. (2025) - The expansion of urban land use, although indicative of economic growth and modernization, poses considerable challenges for spatial planning, waste management, traffic congestion, and provision of urban services in a rapidly evolving landscape (Hu et al., 2023; Kanav et al., 2024). Several Studies have shown that combining these technologies enhances the accuracy of urban area assessments (Prasetyadi et al., 2024; Al Mazroa et al., 2024; Farooqi, et al 2024; Raj et al., 2024). Keywords: area; cover; engineering; environment; figure; journal; km²; land; lulc; maiduguri; nigeria; regression; urban; use; vegetation
• Development and Characterization of Groundnut Shell Powder-Filled Polylactic Acid (PLA) Composites for Sustainable Engineering Applications by Hammajam, A. A.; Maidawa, H.; Bwala, E. B. (2025) - Figure 3: Effect of fiber loading on the tensile strength of GSP-PLA Composite 3.3 Tensile Modulus of GSP-PLA Composite From Figure 3, there was an increase in the tensile modulus of GSP‒PLA composites as fiber loadings increased. Biocomposite, polylactic‐rich biomass material has emerged as promising reinforcement and offers versatile applications and potential benefits in various fields, especially in natural fiber composites (Ahmed et al., 2022; Kolo et al., 2022). Keywords: composites; engineering; fiber; groundnut; gsp; journal; loading; modulus; pla; properties; strength; tensile
• Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Cutting Energy Requirements of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) by Asonye, U. G. ; Nwakuba, N. R. ; Asoegwu, S. N. (2018) - multiplying Equation 8 gives Equation 9. ������� ���−�)� ��−� ��� � ����−� (9) Using dimensional homogeneity for M, L and T, the exponents a, b and c are got in equations 10, 11, 12 and 13. d          dHsvQ 22 1 Ok1 24.90±0.66 4.16 23.63 13.82 2 Ok2 18.26±0.86 2.75 17.33 7.43 3 Ok3 14.99±1.02 1.98 14.23 5.01 4 Ok4 12.44±0.84 0.70 11.81 3.45 The plots of the cutting energy (Emeasured) against ����� are shown in Figures 1 and 2 with their linear equations and R2 values expressed in Equations 29 and 30. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Asonye, et al: A mathematical model for predicting the cutting energy requirements of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus l.), AZOJETE, 14(sp.i4):20-36. Keywords: crop; cutting; energy; engineering; issn; model; okra; s �; σv �; п �; − �; � hd; � φ; � −; � �
• Crack and Spall Detection in Buildings using Yolov8 And Detectron2–Based Web Application by Raheem, W. A.; Folorunso, C. O.; Odeyinka, O. F.; Kamal, F. F. (2025) - The use of advanced ML methods for crack detection has evolved with other artificial intelligence (AI) techniques been integrated in structural health monitoring (Naresh et al., 2023; Xu AZOJETE September 2025. In Kiranyaz et al. (2021), the importance of 1-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and their uses for crack detection was outlined. Keywords: application; crack; data; detection; engineering; environment; feature; health; images; journal; learning; model; monitoring; september; web; yolov8
• Spray Drying Modelling using Advanced Vaporization Approach by Bello, A.; Ademola, B. R.; Isah, U. A. (2025) - Droplet drying kinetics models are indispensable in modelling the spray drying of droplets. Theoretical drying model of single droplets containing insoluble or dissolved solids. Keywords: chamber; crust; d d; droplet; drying; engineering; equation; heat; mass; model; moisture; spray; temperature; transfer
• Review of Smart Grid Technology and the Nigerian Electricity Act: Addressing Power Sector Challenges Through Policy and Innovation by Patrick, D. K. (2025) - Clean Distributed Generation: Distributed generation involves the use of natural and sustainable means of power generation sited closer to consumers, to generate and distribute energy via the distribution network circumventing the complexities of central generation and transmission networks. Smart grid is equipped with the ability to handle uncertainties in scheduling, power transmission and distribution. Keywords: address; control; demand; development; distribution; electricity; energy; engineering; generation; grid; infrastructure; integration; journal; nigeria; policy; power; sector; systems; technology; transmission
• Some Engineering Properties of Breadfruit Seed Varieties Relevant to Handling by Abodenyi, V. A. ; Kaankuka, T. K. ; Irtwange, S. V. (2020) - Bulk density, true density and porosity can be useful in sizing grain hoppers and storage facilities; they can affect http://www.azojete.com.ng Abodenyi, et al: Some engineering properties of breadfruit seed varieties relevant to handling, AZOJETE, 14(sp.i4): 41-50. ��= �� �� ��t− ��� �� ��t− ��� (7) file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Abodenyi, et al: Some engineering properties of breadfruit seed varieties relevant to handling, AZOJETE, 14(sp.i4): 41-50. Keywords: breadfruit; content; engineering; moisture; moisture content; properties; seed; var; varieties
• Influence of Bamboo Fibre on Engineering Properties of Lateritic Soils as Highway Pavement Materials by Ako, T.; Obed, K.; Ndyabijuka, P.; Bainomugisha, J (2025) - The study investigated bamboo fibre's (BF) ability to stabilize lateritic soils. 1.0 Introduction Examining bamboo fibre’s stabilizing capacity in lateritic soils was prompted by the rising expense of traditional stabilizing agents and the necessity of economically utilizing wastes for advantageous highway construction projects. Keywords: astm; bamboo; cbr; compaction; content; engineering; fibre; figure; journal; results; soil; standard; strength; unsoaked
• A Systematic Review of Value Engineering Practices in Construction Projects in Tanzania by Kindole, A.; Lingwanda, M. I.; Tekka, R. S. (2025) - In Tanzania, research shows that VE has not been formally integrated into any phase of construction projects, despite its recognized potential to maximize project value (Mziray et al., 2015). 1 Clear objective of VE Study 2 VE knowledge and experience of the VE team 3 Conducting Site visits 4 Professional experience and knowledge of VE team in their own disciplines 5 VE clause or policies in the construction contract 6 Conducting VE study before the construction phase (timing of VE study) 7 Knowing about characteristics and type of project which has successful possibility of VE implementation 8 Allocating time for VE study 9 Academic qualifications of the VE team 10 Applying VE to high-cost projects 11 VE Study Stage Comparing the initial design with alternative designs from cost perspective 1 Generating creative and innovative ideas which can give maximum cost efficiency 2 Choosing the most feasible alternative which can help in cost saving and possible implementation 3 Making several alternatives of construction method that can save budget of project 4 Comparing the initial design with alternative designs from engineering perspective 5 Comparing the initial design with alternative designs from time perspective 6 Use of functional analysis 7 VE study based on the availability of construction drawing 8 Making several alternatives that can fulfil the main function 9 VE study with identifying the high-cost areas or works of the project 10 VE Post-Study Stage Develop and plan for implementation the result of VE 1 Client’s support and active participation in the VE implementation 2 Incentives to VE team as a result of project cost efficiency 3 Supporting Factor Cooperation, follow-up trailing, and support from all related parties (stakeholders) of project to implement VE 1 Active cooperation, interaction, and brainstorming among VE team, during pre-study until implementation of VE result 2 Logistics and financial support to implement the result of VE 3 1.3 Global Perspectives on VE in Construction Projects Recent studies highlight VE as one of the most effective management tools for improving the efficiency of construction projects in both developed and developing countries (Elsonoki et al., 2020). Keywords: application; construction; construction management; construction projects; cost; engineering; implementation; international; journal; management; projects; tanzania; technology; value; value engineering; value management
• Numerical Analysis of a Seamless Mild Steel Pole for Low and Medium-Tension Power Transmission Line in Borno State Nigeria by Shuwa, M. ; Mukhtar, U.; Mu'azu, I; Ishaq, M. I.; Kajiama, F. M. (2025) - However, steel poles are considered to be the strongest material used in power pole construction that require less maintenance than the other varieties. The most convenient and cost-effective way to transmit power to these areas is through the use of steel poles and for optimal steel pole design that will withstand defined applied loads a numerical optimization model is inevitable (Khurmi and Gupta, 2005; Aliyu and Abejide, 2019). Keywords: engineering; journal; lmtptl; material; numerical; pole; power; sms; steel; wind
• Design of an Automated Poultry Scalding and De-Feathering Machine by John, A.; Atadious, D.; Abubakar, E. E. (2025) - The use of de-feathering machine in processing poultry has contributed tremendously to the successful processing of dressed and Hygienic chicken for consumption (Jekayinfa, 2007; Adetola, et al., 2023). Additionally, de-feathering machine overcomes the tediousness, time consumption, messy handling, and discouragement in the process of hand de-feathering (Adetola, et al., 2023). Keywords: birds; design; engineering; feathering; journal; machine; scalding; technology; time; unit
• Analysis of the Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Ti6al4v Matrix Composites Enhanced with Nitride Nanoparticles by Abe, J. O.; Popoola, O. M.; Popoola, A. P. I. (2025) - Many studies have used refractory nitride as reinforcement materials, showing improvements in the developed composites' characteristics (Falodun et al., 2023; Abe et al., 2025; Hussain et al., 2022; Akinwamide et al., 2020; Liu et al., 2009). Because of their high melting point, hardness, thermal conductivity, high-temperature stability, chemical stability, and wear resistance, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), titanium nitride (TiN), and aluminium nitride (AlN) have received substantial research (Falodun et al., 2023; Abe et al., 2025; Hussain et al., 2022; Akinwamide et al., 2020). Keywords: alloy; aln; composites; corrosion; engineering; et al; matrix; plasma; polarization; spark; ti6al4v; tin
• An Enhanced Aquila Optimizer-Based Distributed Generation Framework for Harmonic Mitigation by Adeyinka, I. M.; Abubakar, I.; Kadandani, N. B.; Sa'ad, M. M. (2025) - Each combination comprises of a set of nonlinear load buses and it is denoted by state St. Number of total state ST is determined from nonlinear load buses as: ST = 2 NL -1 17 The nonlinear load position based APF placement combination matrix of zeros and 1 here, ‘1’ represents the placement of APF and ‘0 represents no APF. Development in the power industry has led to a rise in both linear and nonlinear loads within power systems. Keywords: agwo; algorithm; apf; aquila; buses; current; distortion; engineering; iao; nonlinear; power; thdv
• Machine Learning Framework for Predictive Maintenance of Distribution Transformers in Resource-Constrained Power Systems by Koffa, D. J.; Oyakhilome, S. O. (2025) - This study developed a lightweight machine learning framework for transformer failure prediction using standard Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition data. Research focuses on transformer failure prediction in 11kv to 4415v distribution networks, addressing three-phase oil-filled transformers rated between three hundred and five hundred kilovolt-amperes. Keywords: data; december; engineering; failures; forest; ieee; journal; learning; machine; maintenance; power; random; technology; transformers
• Recent Trends in the Optimal Renewable Power Dispatch Frameworks in Renewable Energy-Reliant Power Systems by Oba-Sulaiman, Z.; Adetona, S. O.; Alayande, A. S.; Balogun, A. (2025) - SO ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ☑ ☑ ⮽ ⮽ PSO 13 Vaziri et al., (2019) MO ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ MILP 14 Zhou et al., (2019) SO ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ☑ ⮽ ⮽ ⮽ ☑ IBESSD 17 Hassan et al., (2020) MO ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ ☑ MNLP 18 Inam et al., (2020) Keywords: congestion; dispatch; energy; engineering; et al; grid; ieee; journal; loss; mo ☑; optimization; power; review; stability; studies; systems; voltage; ☑ ☑; ☑ ⮽; ⮽ ☑; ⮽ ⮽
• Moisture Sorption Characteristics of Dehydrated in-shell African Walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) by Ezekiel, O. O. ; Olurin, T. O. ; Akomolafe, A. O. (2018) - Water sorption properties of foods can be predicted using water sorption isotherm equations. Moisture sorption isotherms (MSI) is the terminology usually used to express the relationship between equilibrium moisture content and equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) or water activity of materials being studied. Keywords: engineering; food; isotherms; issn; journal; moisture; moisture sorption; sorption; temperature; walnut; water
• Assessment of Calcium Carbide Waste and Calcined Clay as Stabilizer in Flexible Pavement Construction by Quadri, H. A. ; Abiola, O. S. ; Odunfa, S. O. ; Azeez, J. O. (2020) - It was concluded that CCW blends have the merits of low cost with high strength developed. The standard specifies a minimum conventional CBR values of 40, 80 and 100% to be met by soil materials for purposes of subbase, base course (for lightly trafficked roads) and base course (for heavily trafficked roads) respectively for lime- treated soils http://www.azojete.com.ng Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March, 2020; Vol. 16(1) 109-119. Keywords: blends; calcium; ccw; clay; engineering; issn; oslb; soil; subgrade
• The Challenges and Panaceas to Power Distribution Losses in Nigeria by Mohammed, O. O. ; Otuoze, A. O. ; Salisu, S. ; Abioye, A. E. ; Usman, A. M. ; Alao, R. A. (2020) - Improving the efficiency of power distribution systems through technical and non-technical losses reduction. Detection and identification of abnormalities in customer consumptions in power distribution systems. Keywords: challenges; customers; distribution; electricity; energy; engineering; grid; issn; losses; network; nigeria; power; system; www.azojete.com.ng
• Ergonomic Analysis Of A Developed Wheelchair Using Creative Algorithm by Ashiedu, F. I. ; Okwu, M. O. (2020) - 1.1 Several Works Done on Manual Wheelchair Nikhil et al. (2017) designed and fabricated a lever propelled wheelchair. Smart Electronic Wheelchair Using Arduino and Bluetooth Module. Keywords: ahp; criteria; decision; design; engineering; international; issn; journal; process; research; rest; technology; wheelchair; www.azojete.com.ng
• Evaluation of Sheanut Shell-Reinforced Automotive Brake Pad by Haruna, V. N. ; Abdulrahman, A. S. ; Abolarin, M. S. ; Muriana, R. A. (2019) - The epoxy resin + triethylenetetramine hardener was properly mixed in a separate container, poured into the first mixture and then mixed thoroughly for five minutes to obtain a homogenous mixture (Yawas et al., 2016). The cast samples were post cured in an electric oven at 150°C for 2 h. This was similar to the method adopted by Yawas et al. (2016) and Mathur et al. (2004). Keywords: asbestos; brake; engineering; issn; journal; pad; pads; reinforcement
• An Overview of Some Hydrological Models in Water Resources Engineering Systems by Ibrahim, U. A. ; Dan’azumi, S. (2020) - In response to these challenges, hydrological models have been developed to understand, analyze, and explore sustainable solutions to water resources management. Hydrological models are classified either as: conceptual or physical, lumped or distributed, deterministic or stochastic. Keywords: data; engineering; hec; hydrologic; issn; model; reservoir; resources; software; systems; water
• Hydrogeological and Engineering Investigations of Gully Sites in Zing and Environs, Northeastern Nigeria by Ankidawa, B. A. ; Ishaku, J. M.; Ahmadu, S. P. (2020) - Farmers’ perception and responses to soil erosion in Zing Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Soil samples collected from North Central Italy were analyzed in the laboratory. Keywords: area; engineering; erosion; grain; gully; issn; journal; nigeria; sites; size; soil; study; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Comparative engineering economic analysis of a variable refrigerant flow and mini-split air conditioning system design by Layeni, A. T. ; Olanrewaju, A. I. ; Nwaokocha, C. N. ; Waheed, M. A. ; Giwa, S. O. ; Kuye, S. I. ; Adedeji, K. A. (2019) - Brar (2012), developed a new methodology for the evaluation, comparison, ranking and optimum selection of air conditioning systems from different design options. Comparative cost analysis of VRF and mini-split systems. Keywords: air; analysis; conditioning; cost; design; energy; engineering; issn; mini; split; system; vrf
• A mathematical model for predicting the cutting energy of cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) by Asonye, G. U. ; Asoegwu, S. N. ; Maduako, J. N. ; Madubuike, C. N. (2019) - Energy requirement model for combine harvester, Part 2: Integration of component models. Energy requirement model for combine harvester, Part 1: Development. Keywords: cocoyam; colocasia; crop; cutting; energy; engineering; issn; journal; model; tool; values; variables; www.azojete.com.ng
• Developments in Automobile Emission Control by Abdulrahim, A. T.; Usmah, M.L. ; Alkali, B. (2004) - In view of the above, the present study seeks to review developments in automobile emissions control. Hence, automobile emission control has become a duty for everybody and no amount of contribution towards reducing emission from automobiles should be regarded as small by stakeholders. Keywords: automobiles; combustion; control; emission; engine; engineering; environmental; fuel; nigeria; pollutants; vehicles
• An Overview of Approaches and Techniques used in Failure Analysis of Engineering System by Guma, T. N. ; Ozoekwe, N. C. W. ; Odita, K. V. (2020) - The review is posited as a readily available compendium of basic practicable information that is easy to read and understand; for consultation by concerned students, researchers, and practitioners who are not yet much experienced in failure analysis of engineering systems and need the information for furthering their knowledge on the subject. A crucial method of preventing recurrence of failures of engineering systems or components is through failure analysis (Vander Voort, 1975., Fernando, 2013., ASM, 2015). Keywords: analysis; approaches; asm; cause; corrosion; crack; engineering; engineering failure; et al; failure; failure analysis; fatigue; fracture; information; issn; journal; materials; service; stress; surface; system; techniques; www.azojete.com.ng
• Stabilization of Laterite Soil with Eggshell Powder and Sodium Silicate used as fill Material in Road Construction by Oke, J. A. ; Olowoyo, M. K. (2019) - From the results obtained in this research, an optimum blend of 12% ESP and 8% SS using the West African Standard (WAS) compactive effort can be used to stabilize laterite soil material for use as fill material for the construction of light traffic roads. Olowoyo2 (1, 2Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos State, Nigeria) * Corresponding author’s email address: idaraobong2013@gmail.com ARTICLE INFORMATION Submitted 7 April, 2018 Revised 12 June, 2019 Accepted 22 June, 2019 Keywords: Eggshell powder sodium silicate Stabilization laterite soil California bearing ratio unconfined compressive strength ABSTRACT The investigation carried out in this paper was to evaluate the effect of eggshell powder and sodium silicate as stabilizers to laterite soil used as fill material for the purpose of constructing light traffic pavement. Keywords: construction; content; engineering; esp; issn; journal; laterite; soil; stabilization
• Structural Efficiency of Concrete Containing Crushed Bone Aggregates by Akinyele, J. O. ; Kehinde, H. A. ; Igba, U. T. (2020) - The sieve analysis result revealed that the crushed bone was poorly graded, and the slump test showed that the 25% of crushed bone concrete has a low slump. The systematic reduction of ultimate strength in crushed bone concrete might restrict the use of the concrete, with bone concentrations exceeding 50%, in structural applications. Keywords: bone; concrete; efficiency; engineering; mm2; slump; strength; test
• Effect of Shea Nutshell Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Cast Al6061 by Zubairu, P. T. ; Hassan, A. B. ; Muriana, R. A. ; Musa, N. A. (2021) - Aluminium hybrid composites are a set of new generation metal matrix composites (MMCs) known to have the potentials of meeting recent demands of advanced engineering applications. Investigation of the mechanical properties of Aluminium matrix composite for marine structures. Keywords: al6061; aluminium; composites; engineering; hardness; materials; matrix; properties; ssa
• Effect of Moisture Content on some Engineering Properties of African Mahogany (Afzelia Africana) Seed by Aviara, N. A. ; Ekaso Jr, S. ; Nwanja, O. U. (2019) - 3.7 Surface Area The effect of moisture content on the surface area of Afzelia africana seeds is presented in Figure 8. Figure 8: Effect of moisture content on the surface area of Afzelia africana seed The surface area of Afzelia africana seeds increased from 8.3 – 8.52cm2 in the moisture range of 6.1 – 32.3% (d.b). Figure 12: Effect of moisture content on the coefficient of restitution of Afzelia africana seed from a drop height of 50cm Figure 13: Effect of moisture content on the coefficient of restitution of Afzelia africana seeds from a drop height of 90cm http://www.azojete.com.ng Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, September, 2019; Vol. Keywords: africana; afzelia; coefficient; engineering; friction; issn; journal; moisture; moisture content; physical; properties; seeds; � �
• Application of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) Technology in Geotechnical and Geo-Environmental Engineering: A Review by Muhammad, I. S. ; Kurna , B. B. ; Ibn Abubakar, B. S. U. (2021) - This has resulted in soil erosion of 215 and 354 kg m-2 h-1 for sand and silt (control) respectively and only 2.5 kg m-2 h-1 for MICP treated samples. 3.0 Conclusion The application of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation technique in soil improvement have increased over the years and has been proven applicable in different fields. Keywords: bacteria; calcite; carbonate; engineering; et al; issn; micp; precipitation; sand; soil; solution; urea; urease
• Evaluation of Geotechnical and Structural Performance of Cement-Stabilized Soil with Saw Dust Ash (SDA) by Fapohunda, C. A. ; Amu, O. O. ; Babarinde, O. F. (2019) - Moisture content is an indication of compacting effort required to achieve full compaction of soil samples (Das, 2006 and Ola, 2013). The tests conducted on both stabilized and unstabilized soils samples at three different locations, identified as A, B, and C were: particle size distribution, natural moisture content, Atterberg’s limits, compaction, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and Unconfined Compression Strength (UCS). Keywords: ash; cement; engineering; issn; plasticity; samples; sda; soil; strength
• Infiltration capacity of compacted lime treated black cotton soil as hydraulic barrier material by Alkali, A. N. ; Shettima, I. M. ; Kurna , B. B. ; Okunade, N. Y. (2021) - Laboratory tests were conducted on black cotton soil treated with up to 5% lime by dry weight to assess its suitability in waste containment facilities. Hydraulic conductivity of black cotton soil treated with percentage of lime content 0%, 1%, 3% and 5% of the soil weight examined for a period of 28days. Keywords: conductivity; content; cotton; engineering; issn; lime; moses; soil; water
• Prediction Modeling of 28-Day Concrete Compressive Strength using Artificial Neutral Network by Uche, O.A.U. ; Abdulwahab, M.T. ; Suleiman, A. ; Ismail, Y. (2019) - The input variables for the proposed neural network consisted of water cement ratio (w/c), cement content, fine aggregate content, coarse aggregate content and 7th day compressive strength, while the output variable was the 28thday compressive strength. 2.2. Table 2: Results of Compressive Strength at Various Concrete Mix Constituent Concrete Mix Constituent (kg/m3) Compressive Strength (N/mm2) W/C ratio Cement Coarse Aggregate Fine Aggregate 7th Day 28th Day 0.4 360.4 1441.7 720.8 24.9 38.0 0.5 348.8 1395.2 697.6 20.1 30.5 0.6 337.6 1350.6 675.2 16.0 23.7 0.65 332.2 1329.0 664.5 14.3 22.1 Figure 4: Compressive Strength at Various Water-Cement Ratio Figure 4 shows the relationship between compressive strength (N/mm2) at 7th and 28th day with water-cement ratio, this shows an inverse relationship, where the compressive strength decreased with increase in water-cement ratio, hence the compressive strength increased with increase in cement content and decreased with increase in water content. Keywords: cement; compressive; concrete; day; engineering; issn; network; strength
• Modelling the Safety Level of the Construction Industry in Southwestern Nigeria by Raheem, W. A. ; Akinyemi, O. O. ; Adeyemi, H. O. ; Adeaga, O. A. ; Olasunkanmi, O. G. (2021) - Conclusion The work reported that significant factors have been established that affect construction safety and the degree of site safety can be expected. Principles of construction safety. Keywords: construction; engineering; health; industry; issn; level; managers; model; nigeria; practices; safety; site; variables; workers
• Effect of Moisture Content Variation on Thermo-Physical Properties of Brown Variety Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus) by Usman, D. D. ; Adanu, E. O. ; Jahun, B. G. ; Ibrahim, K. (2019) - Several researchers including Rahman (1993) and Yang, et al. (2002) have emphasized the need for thermal properties of foods in general and seafood in particular. Thermal properties are http://www.azojete.com.ng Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, September, 2019; Vol. 15(3):714-724. Keywords: bulk; conductivity; content; engineering; heat; journal; moisture; moisture content; properties; tigernut; variety
• Structural Evaluation of Conventional and Modified Flexible Pavement Performance by Mensahn, E. S. K. ; Wada, S. A. ; Lugeiyamu, L. (2021) - However, apart from the empirical way of selecting pavement layers and thicknesses, some structural codes for the design of asphalt pavements use the concept of a layered elastic system. It is essential to reduce fatigue cracking and rutting in asphalt pavement layers (Moghaddam et al., 2011). Keywords: asphalt; crumb; design; engineering; hma; issn; layer; pavement; performance; rubber; sub; surface
• Technical Appraisal of some Maize Shellers in Oyo and Kwara States of Nigeria by Omobowale, M. O. ; Ogwumike, J. C. ; Olenloa, A. E. ; Kolayemi, O. R. ; Ala, A. A. ; Omodara, M. O. ; Otitodun, G. O. ; Nwaubani, S. I. ; Ileleji, K. E. ; McNeill, S. G. ; Opit, G. P. (2022) - A preliminary survey conducted identified shellers in use as basic maize sheller (BMS) without blower, maize sheller with blower attachment (MSB) and the multi-purpose sheller (MPS). There is also lack of reliable data on maize shellers in use across Oyo and Kwara States, Nigeria. Keywords: blower; design; engineering; grain; issn; machine; maize; mps; msb; shellers; shelling; speed; www.azojete.com.ng
• Review of Agricultural Waste Utilization as Improvement Additives for Residual Tropical Soils by Ishola, K. ; Olawuyi, O. A. ; Bello, A. A. ; Etim, R. K. ; Yohanna, P. ; Sani, J. E. (2019) - Few studies have been carried out on the use of banana leaf ash and palm oil fuel ash as soil improvement materials. It is recommended that further researches should focus on the possibility of using other agricultural waste from Cocoyam, Yam peel, maize trunk, Cashew and Guava that have limited reporting researches for use as soil improvement materials. Keywords: ash; bagasse; bagasse ash; cement; content; engineering; et al; husk; improvement; issn; journal; properties; results; soil; strength; waste
• Performances of Metal Oxides Supported in Monolith for Combined SO2/NOx removal from Flue Gas by Kiman, S. ; Mohammed, H. D. ; Aliyu, N. B. ; Usman , T. H. ; Kayode, D. B. (2022) - The presence of SO2 in the flue gas reduces the adsorbent performance and longevity Garci-Bordeje et al., (2004) but from Figure 1c, V2O5 has shown high SO2 uptake at stack temperatures and the overall performance of the V2O5 based adsorbent showed higher SO2 adsorption compared to NOx. q (mg/g) SO2/NOx Langmuir parameter SO2 NOx Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; engineering; et al; flue; gas; issn; nox; removal; so2; www.azojete.com.ng
• Numerical Analysis of a Micro Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Tower Under Extreme Loads by Shuwa, M. ; Muhammad , A. B. ; Maina, M. B. (2022) - Researchers have used this technique to assess the accuracy and reliability of more computationally expensive finite element analyses of wind turbine tower (Da Silva and Oliveira, 2018; Ferroudji et al., 2020). The rotor diameter Dr of the HAWT considered for this work is 3 m. While φ is the gust factor and the form factor Cf is 0.6 for steel towers (Gizachew and Belete, 2019). Keywords: engineering; load; material; numerical; steel; tower; turbine; wind
• Kinetic Modeling of Ethylbenzene Isomerization using Bodenstein Approximation Technique by Kolo, A. S. ; Grema, A. S. ; Maina, I. I. (2022) - Their work seeks to cover reaction networks not captured by formulas and procedures presented by Chen and Chern (2002a) and Chen and Chern (2002b). Figure 1: Reaction network for the four-node pyramidal isomerization reaction. Keywords: cycle; engineering; issn; kinetic; l l; network; rate; reaction
• Effects of Soil Properties and Operational Variables on the Compactibility of a Sandy Loam Soil by Audu, D. ; Balogun, O. S. ; Adeniji, F. A. ; Musa, Y. (2019) - Identification and measurement of the interactions of all relevant factors governing soil compaction still remain major challenges in geotechnics. The two estimators passed the t-test of statistical significance of correlation r of estimator with measured values of degree of sandy loam soil compaction. Keywords: compaction; effort; engineering; issn; soil; table; www.azojete.com.ng
• Determination of the physico-mechanical properties of three cultivars of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) grain by Adanu, E. O. ; Iya, S. A. ; Yakubu, I. T. ; Kabri, H. U. (2022) - 2.2.2 Mass of cowpea seeds The apparatus used were sample container and electric weighing balance. A known quantity of cowpea seed was filled into the funnel by means of the sample container. Keywords: angle; cowpea; engineering; force; issn; it98k-573; journal; mean; moisture; properties; seed; varieties
• Effect of Bio-Cementation on the Strength Characteristics of Compacted Lateritic Soil Under Sterilized and Unsterilized Conditions by Gadzama, E. W. ; Eberemu, A. O. ; Ijimdiya, T. S. ; Osinubi, K. J. (2022) - This was repeated until the required quantity of soil sample needed for the test was realized. For over a century, several procedures of soil improvement such as application of lime, cement, bitumen, chemical additives such as sodium silicate, lignin and chemical grouting etc. have been established and being used in several engineering projects. Keywords: calcite; cells; engineering; et al; issn; pasteurii; soil; specimens; suspension; www.azojete.com.ng
• Development of a Model for Mitigating Fire Spread in Multi-Storey Buildings by Oluseyi, P.O. ; Akinbulire, T.O. ; Atunbi, C.T. ; Akinyemi, M.I. (2019) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng 192 evaluation, it is pertinent to understand and quantify the behaviour and consequences of building fires in multi-storey buildings (Architecture and Building Research Institute, 2004). Therefore, the entire operations of the methodology are classified into three sections (a) development of basic cell size for fire spread model (b) philosophy of neighbourhood phenomenon in fire spread model, and (c) processing the fire spreading model and its validation. Keywords: building; cell; development; engineering; et al; fire; fire spread; heat; issn; model; simulation; spread; state; time; www.azojete.com.ng
• Evaluation of Concrete Strength with Scarified Road Waste Material by Mohammed, K.; Mustapha, Z. (2022) - Conclusions To address problem of constructional waste and optimum utilization of the scarce resources especially fine aggregates in the production of concrete, this study found that the use of scarified road waste material in lieu of fine aggregate yielded some prominent results that included the addition of 10% (10A) admixture had the potential to increase the concrete strength at the maximum 10% SWRM value. The experimental results showed that the use of scarified road waste material in lieu of fine aggregates in concrete mixes yielded some promising characteristics. Keywords: aggregate; concrete; engineering; issn; material; srmw; strength; waste
• Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Small Scale Biofuel Distiller by Onuoha, L. N. Onuoha; Nwafor, M. O. I. ; Igbokwe, J. O. ; Aviara, N. A. (2019) - The result of the machine evaluation showed that 817 ml bioethanol was obtained per batch at 20 min from the bubble point which took 95 min. Actual combustion efficiency was found to be 55 % with reactor power rating of 12.2 kW. The machine vaporized bioethanol fuel from the boiler feed fed at 27°C, and released the distillate at 28.3°C. Presently, only few industries produce bioethanol fuel partly because of the cost of importing a sophisticated distiller. Keywords: bioethanol; boiler; charcoal; distillation; distiller; engineering; equation; feed; fuel; heat; issn; journal; pressure; rate; reactor; temperature; www.azojete.com.ng
• Evaluation of Chemical and Physico-mechanical Properties of Ado-Ekiti Natural Moulding Sands for Foundry Applications by Shuaib-Babata, Y. L. ; Abegunde, A. J. ; Ambali, I. O. (2017) - Deterioration of moulding sand properties with number of castings. Foundry technology: sand, sand additives, sand properties, and sand reclamation (MSE 432). Keywords: casting; engineering; foundry; issn; moulding; moulding sand; properties; samples; sand; strength; table
• Aloe Vera Mucilage as Drag Reducing Agent in Oil-Water Flow by Abdallah, M. N. ; Edomwonyi-Otu, L. C. ; Yusuf, N. ; Baba, A. (2019) - Drag reduction as a function of Aloe polymer concentration in the range 50 ppm to 500 ppm and Reynolds number 20000Keywords: aloe; drag; engineering; flow; issn; oil; reduction; vera; water
• Impact of Accelerated Carbonation Curing (ACC) on the Properties of Guinea Corn Husk Ash Blended Concrete by Odeyemi, S. O. ; Sholagberu, M. S. ; Abdulwahab, R. ; Adedeji, A. A. (2022) - The highest sorptivity values were obtained at 10% replacement of cement with GCHA for both ACC and WC cured samples. (i) coefficient of water absorption test and (ii) Sorptivity test. Keywords: acc; aggregate; ash; cement; concrete; curing; engineering; et al; gcha; husk; issn; odeyemi; samples; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Geospatial Multi Criteria Selection of Best Sanitary Landfill Site and their Geotechnical and Digital Image Analysis. by Mohammed, H. I. ; Yamusa, Y. B. ; Majid, Z. ; Ahmad, K. (2023) - ISSN 1596-2490; e- ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: yamusabello@gmail.com 52 water and air (Mohammed et al., 2019a). Selection of suitable and most important criteria is the first step in any sanitary landfill siting (Mohammed et al., 2019a). Keywords: analysis; criteria; engineering; environmental; et al; issn; landfill; landfill site; sanitary; selection; site; soil; study; waste; www.azojete.com.ng
• Effect of Loading Rate on Viscoelastic Behaviour of Cassava Roots (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Bending by Nwakuba, N. R. ; Asoegwu, S. N. ; Makanjuola, G. A. (2023) - The creep test, using the 3-point bending beam is a standard test method (RIHMT, 2011), for determining the viscoelastic parameters of materials, which are commonly used to evaluate the creep properties of materials (Sun et al., 2019). The compliance (strain/stress) for each time interval was estimated by the following Equations (9) and (10) (Herak et al., 2015): εmax = 3(d1+d2)y L2 (9) εmax = 64PL (d1+d2)3 (10) Keywords: behaviour; bending; cassava; creep; engineering; et al; figure; issn; journal; loading; modulus; rate; relaxation; roots; stress; time; viscoelastic; www.azojete.com.ng
• Comparative Study of two Stator Designs for the International Electrotechnical Commission 100 Motor Frame for 2.2kw Squirrel Cage Induction Motor by Onwuka , I. K. (2023) - The coil pitch/pole pitch ratio, y/τ is taken as 5/6 for the number of stator slots, Ns = 24, and 8/9 for Ns = 36. Influence of stator slot and pole number combination on the rotor bar current waveform and performance of Induction Machines. Keywords: engineering; iec; induction; issn; motor; number; slot; slot stator; stator
• Development and Design of a Microcontroller-Based Gas Weight and Leakage Detection System by Fagbohun, O. ; Fagbohun, O. ; Obiyemi, O. ; Moloi, K. (2023) - It includes a user alert system with a buzzer and LED for timely notifications of gas leakage and low gas levels. Furthermore, the prototype had contributed to promoting safety and preventing accidents in LPG installations by addressing the critical issue of gas leakage. Keywords: circuit; design; detection; engineering; figure; gas; issn; leakage; sensor; system; weight; www.azojete.com.ng
• Development and performance evaluation of fluted pumpkin seed dehulling machine by Odewole, M. M.; Adesoye, O. A. ; Oyeniyi, S. K. ; Isiaka, A. O. (2024) - Odewole et al., (2015b) reported that the oily kernels of fluted pumpkin seeds contain vitamin E, vitamin A, zinc and http://www.azojete.com.ng/ odewole2005@yahoo.com Odewole et al: Development and performance evaluation of fluted pumpkin seed dehulling machine. Shear force and bending moment diagram of shaft http://www.azojete.com.ng/ Odewole et al: Development and performance evaluation of fluted pumpkin seed dehulling machine. AZOJETE, 11: 119-129 122 2.3. Keywords: dehulling; engineering; machine; performance; pumpkin; seed
• Some Physical Properties of Acha (Digitaria exilis) Relevant in Mechanical Dehulling and Cleaning by Itodo, I. N.; Yusuf, P. O.; Kaankuka, T. K. (2023) - Fraser et al., 1978; Irvine et al., 1992; Dutta et al., 1988; Carman, 1996; Bala and Woods, 1991; Deshpande et al., 1993). The greater the difference between values of critical velocities of individual components in a mixture, the better and more efficient its pneumatic separation (Panasiewicz et al., 2012). Keywords: acha; coefficient; engineering; grain; issn; journal; paddy; paddy acha; properties; size
• Application of Genetic Algorithm Based Optimal Placement of Static Var Compensator for the Nigerian 330 kV Electricity Grid Performance Enhancement by Adebisi, O. I. ; Ogundare, A. B. ; Olajuwon, B. J. ; Adebeshin, A. (2024) - Aryal and Gynawali (2020) noted that GA based optimal placement of SVC was a better approach for enhancing power system voltage profile and line loss, although stressing that the performance of the compensator could be improved further when used in combination with other FACTS controller. This, therefore, paves way for optimal placement of FACTS controllers using efficient optimization techniques such as AI based methods that can handle the complexity involved in the analysis of power system networks with spontaneous response. Keywords: bus; engineering; grid; issn; journal; performance; placement; power; svc; system; var; voltage
• A Review and Critique of Advances in the Mitigation of Harmonics by Abdul-Hameed, T. A. ; Akorede, M. F. ; Abdulrahman, Y. (2024) - The sources of power system harmonics and the negative impacts of harmonics were discussed in Xuemei and Yongmei (2012). Abdelaziz et al. (2013) extensively reviewed power system harmonics in the petrochemical industries. Keywords: current; distortion; distribution; engineering; filters; harmonics; hybrid; ieee; issn; journal; methods; mitigation; optimization; power; study; system; techniques; voltage; work; www.azojete.com.ng
• Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Mucuna Bean Seed Cracker by Etim, P. J. (2024) - A shelling machine was developed for groundnut (Alonge et al., 2016; Alonge et al., 2017). This agrees with the assertion by some authors that the moisture content of the product affects the performance of machines meant for processing (Aremu et al., 2015; Sanusi et al., 2019; Busari et al., 2019; Ndukwu et al., 2019). Keywords: content; cracking; design; engineering; issn; journal; machine; moisture; performance; seed
• Cement Stabilized Structural Foundation Lateritic Soil with Bone Ash Powder as Additive by Adetayo, O. A. ; Amu, O. O. ; Ilori, A. O. (2019) - CO Dogfish 37.00 0.58 0.44 16.71 3.23 Goosefish 36.90 0.55 0.56 16.98 3.19 Mackerel 36.74 0.76 0.20 17.42 2.79 Squeteague 35.68 0.12 1.31 16.97 3.11 Frog (common) 36.09 0.72 0.44 16.45 4.67 Bull Frog 36.62 0.61 0.36 16.15 4.11 Amphiuma 36.86 0.51 0.76 15.96 5.34 Siren 36.96 0.57 1.05 16.00 5.73 Turtle 35.68 0.62 0.98 14.88 5.63 Hen 37.24 0.51 - 16.40 5.50 Rabbit 36.25 0.53 0.92 15.99 5.71 Cow 36.05 0.74 0.85 15.43 4.58 Dog 35.66 0.46 1.87 15.56 5.62 Guinea Pig 35.54 0.75 - 15.78 5.03 Source: Studies of the chemical composition of bone ash, Sergius Morgulis, 1931. 2.0 Materials and Method 2.1 Selection of Samples The materials used for this study are lateritic soil samples, ordinary Portland cement, bone ash and water. The various tests were carried out with standard procedures stipulated in BS 1377- 4:1990. 3.0 Results and Discussion The results of the preliminary tests (specific gravity, natural moisture contents, particle size distribution and Atterberg’s Limits) and the engineering strength tests (Maximum dry density at optimum moisture content, California bearing ratio and shear strength) are presented and discussed below: 3.1 Preliminary Tests The summary of the preliminary test results for soil samples A, B, C are shown in Table 2. Keywords: ash; bone; bone ash; cement; engineering; issn; samples; soil; stabilization
• Performance of Concrete Using Metakaolin as Cement Partial Replacement Material by Agboola, S. A.; Abbas, K. A.; Abbas, K. A.; Musa, A. K.; Shabi, M. O.; Abdulwaheed, A. A.; Zakari, A. (2025) - Table 2: Chemical Composition of Metakaolin Constituent MTK (%) Silicon Oxide (SiO2) 48.92 Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) 43.46 Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) 0.51 Calcium Oxide (CaO) 0.62 Potassium Oxide (K2O) 0.16 Sodium Oxide (Na2O) The high strength observed in 5% and 10% cement replacement may be due to the MTK behaving as an excellent filler and makes good bonding between the aggregates and paste of the concrete. Keywords: cement; concrete; control; curing; days; engineering; metakaolin; mtk; replacement; strength; test
• Effect of Binders on The Performance of Charcoal Briquettes Produced from Selected Biomass by Kolo, Z. K.`; Musa, M. A.; Jones, A. N. (2025) - A review of biomass briquette binders and quality parameters. Review of briquette binders and briquetting mechanism. Keywords: binders; biomass; briquettes; content; energy; engineering; journal; ratio; sample; technology; value
• Impact of Conductor Slots on Inductance and Efficiency of a Machine by Awah, C. C.; Diyoke, G. C.; Amaghionyeodiwe, C. A.; Obasi, O.; Nnabuenyi, I. K.; Oti, S. E. (2025) - Cost-savings could be realized from similar kind of double stator machine by utilizing cheaper magnetic materials such as ferrite, as demonstrated by Kim et al. (2016); however, at the expense of enhanced output electromagnetic torque. Influence of magnetic remanence and coercive force on the electromagnetic output of permanent magnet machine. Keywords: conductor; engineering; flux; machine; magnet; number; stator; torque
• Design and Analysis of Flight Performance of a Hybrid Energy Source for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle by Eleazer, D. N. O.; Uche, U. E.; Tajudeen, M.; Omiogbemi, I. M. B. (2025) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s email address: 791 Figure 1: Hydrogen fuel cell UAV (AFIT-ALTA, 2022) ABSTRACT This study presents a hybrid energy harvesting system for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), that integrates solar power and hydrogen fuel cells to enhance flight performance. Keywords: cells; design; energy; engineering; equation; figure; flight; performance; power; solar; system; technology; uav; wing
• Compressive Strength Assessment of Metakaolin Hollow Sandcrete Blocks by Ibrahim, M. (2025) - 2. Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials The constituent materials used for the production of Metakaolin hollow sandcrete block were portable water, fine aggregate (sand), cement, kaolin, and metakaolin only. For the curing of sandcrete blocks produced, clean water devoid of salt and other harmful substances was used at a temperature of 23 ± 2 ◦C. Figure 3: Metakaolin sandcrete blocks produced at various replacement levels 2.2.3 Compressive Strength Test A compressive testing machine was used to carried out the compressive strength of the blocks in the Material Testing Laboratory at Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria, after the necessary curing days of 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Keywords: blocks; cement; compressive; concrete; engineering; hollow; journal; metakaolin; nigeria; sandcrete; strength
• Evaluation of Performance Against Contractors’ Tender Position on Selected Public Construction Projects by Salla, D. E.; Bustani, S. A.; Dahiru, A.; Awalu, A. M. (2025) - Bustani (2004) observed that unrealistic cost estimate by construction contractors, account for a significant AZOJETE December 2024. ABSTRACT Previous studies have investigated tendering of construction projects and project performance in silos. Keywords: average; client; construction; contractor; cost; design; engineering; journal; management; mean; model; performance; price; procurement; project; sum; tender
• The Impact of Stator Tooth and Pole Combinations on Output of a Dual Stator Electric Machine by Awah, C. C; Amaghionyeodiwe, C. A.; Diyoke, G. C.; Obasi, O.; Nnabuenyi, I. K.; Oti, S. E. (2025) - Dual stator machines usually have higher mechanical complexity and cost than equivalent single stator machines; but this higher cost could be drastically reduced through application of consequent-pole design strategy, as demonstrated by Baloch et al. (2018). In order to enhance the torque densities of existing dual stator machines, Gao et al. (2019) and Song et al. (2019) developed two kinds of dual stator machines while also considering the tooth and pole possibilities of AZOJETE December 2024. Keywords: engineering; flux; machine; magnet; pole; stator; torque
• Retrofit Design of Heat Exchanger Networks for Kaduna Refinery’s Vacuum Distillation Unit by Bello, M. N.; Musa, M. A. (2025) - Modifying the existing network is typically feasible (Khorshidi et al., 2016), making it more prevalent and economical to revamp most projects in process industries through retrofitting, as designing a new HEN may not always be feasible (Ulyev et al., 2018), due to substantial capital cost involved (Wang et al., 2020). ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s email address: mnasirbello@unimaid.edu.ng 927 recovery, reduces heating and cooling requirements (Osman et al. 2019), and consequently lowers fuel consumption (Wang et al., 2020). Keywords: cost; design; energy; engineering; et al; exchanger; heat; hen; retrofit; savings
• Effects of Ergonomic Intervention Approach on Some Occupational Hazards in Automobile Workshop in South Western Nigeria by Adesope, W. A.; Onawumi, A. S.; Adeyanju, S. K.; Ajayeoba, A. O.; Oyetunji, O. R.; Fajobi, M. O.; Ogunremi, M. (2025) - One such study carried out in South Korea showed that 95% of employees of automobile manufacturing plants had adequate knowledge of the various hazards in their workplace (Liu et al., 2008; Shireen and Thangaraj, 2016). Standard tables of sample size, confidence levels, and confidence intervals for random samples were used to determine the 496-sample size for this study (Cohen et al., 2007). Keywords: auto; automobile; engineering; hazards; health; journal; mechanic; nigeria; repair; risk; table; workers; workshops
• Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Manual Cum Motorized Orange Juice Extracting Machine by Istifanus, A. B.; Bulus, K.; Adimbo, M. A.; Ardo, H. M. (2025) - (Ashurt and Taylor, 1991) reported that fruit juice extractor is an agricultural technology implement that involves the pressing of some fruits in order to get juice. The local methods of extracting fruits juice are prone to contamination and are unhygienic. Keywords: author; efficiency; engineering; extraction; fruits; issn; journal; juice; orange; shaft; technology

• Analytical, Numerical and Computational Multiscale Modelling Techniques for Heterogenous Materials: A Review by Aliyu, O. H. (2019) - (8) with those of the effective medium ( ) to give the resulting expression in equation (10) ���� = � + ��:���: �� � � �� (1�) Where: ��(��) – Average minimum complimentary potential (�� ) - Average of the actual strain field � ��(��) -Average minimum complimentary strain (��) - Average of the actual strain field � While the strain energy and complementary density functions as given in the McCauley brackets (that is equation (14) and (15)) gives the volume averages in the domain Ω .; �� and �� are the average strain and stress fields while k is the set of kinematically admissible strains and S is the set of statically admissible stresses. Keywords: behaviour; et al; figure; homogenization; issn; journal; materials; method; microstructure; modelling; multiscale; www.azojete.com.ng; � �
• Applications of Space Technology for Accelerated Infrastructures Development for Rural Areas Development in Nigeria by Onuh, S. O. ; Aiyeola, S. Y. ; Tofade, C. T.; Adesina, L. O. (2019) - This paper seeks to discuss the applications of space technology for accelerated rural infrastructures development in rural areas in Nigeria © 2019 Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. The development of rural areas is measured by the availability of infrastructures and economic opportunities that are available to the people. Keywords: areas; development; education; information; infrastructure; issn; nigeria; rural; satellite; space; technology; www.azojete.com.ng
• Quality Characteristics of Lamba as Affected by Different Cereal and Legume Flour Blends by Mshelia, L. P.; Peter, D.; Fika, K. I.; Ndahi, T. E.; Masaya, F. A. (2025) - However, the most important function of fiber is to provide roughage or bulk that aids in the digestion of food leading to lower plasma cholesterol and softens stool (Saini et al., 2022). Also, bulk density has a significant effect on the strength and amount of packaging material, texture and mouthfeel of the product (Ahaotu et al., 2021). Keywords: blends; content; cowpea; flour; food; issn; journal; karkashi; lamba; maize; sample; wheat; wsk; www.azojete.com.ng
• Socio-Economic Benefits of Microgravity Research by Afolayan, E. M. ; Oluwafemi, F. A. ; Jeff-Agboola, E. O. ; Oluwasegun, T. ; Ayankale, J.O. (2019) - This review considers the various benefits of microgravity research in life-sciences such as in microbiology, pharmacy, and medicine. In general, the focus of microgravity research and applications are in the study and assessment of these biological, physical, and chemical phenomenology and related issues (Jeanne and John, 2015). Keywords: author; benefits; development; earth; environment; growth; issn; life; microgravity; microgravity research; nasa; new; research; space; technology; www.azojete.com.ng
• Unlocking Rural and Remote Coverage with Small Cells and Satellite by Abdullahi, U. S. ; Longman, F. S.; Christopher, T. T. ; Adesina, L. (2019) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: abdullahi.umar@cstd.nasrda.gov.ng 89 commerce etc. are incentives for Governments to ensure effective and transparent policy and regulatory frameworks are established for boosting rural mobile coverage. The business and technical case for rural coverage is therefore investigated, where coverage and usage gaps are identified worldwide, with peculiarities of emerging economies. Keywords: areas; backhaul; capacity; cells; cost; coverage; et al; figure; issn; mobile; satellite; www.azojete.com.ng
• A Step Towards Autonomous, Biomimetic, Non-GPS Based Navigation Methodology by Oyegbade, B. I. ; Afolayan, M. O. ; Umaru, S. U. (2019) - Monte Carlo localization: Efficient position estimation for mobile robots. A simple infra-red based active beacons and robot mounted rotating receiver based on TSOP31138 infra-red sensor was implemented using New Three Objects Triangulation Algorithm (ToTAL) in its firmware for the robot pose. Keywords: algorithm; coordinates; issn; navigation; robot; triangulation; www.azojete.com.ng
• Design and Implementation of a Computer-Based Power Management System by Omenogor, O. ; Imoize, A. L. (2019) - 2.3 Operation of the Computer-Based Power Management System The primary aim of the system is automation and control of power system. Submitted 15 December, 2018 Revised 18 March, 2019 Accepted 20 March, 2019 Keywords: Power management system Wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) Atmega 328 ESP8266 Module Computer technology. Keywords: computer; control; design; home; implementation; issn; management; microcontroller; power; system; technology; www.azojete.com.ng
• Production and Economics Evaluation of Pilot Scale Essential Oil Extract from Eucalyptus Citriodora Leaves by Mu’azu, K. ; Abubakar, G. ; Akuso, A. S. ; Mahmood, A. ; Sadiq, I. G. ; Inuwa, B. (2019) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: kabirumuazu@yahoo.co.uk 963 Figure 5: Essential oil extracted 2.3.1 Material Balance The material balance was carried out on the process units based on the plant throughput of 115.84ml (1.1584 x 10-1 kg) of essential oil per batch, leaves input of 20 kg, extraction time of 100 minutes, water requirement of 15 liters (15kg) and steam production of 8.894 kg. Development of mathematical model for the prediction of essential oil extraction from Eucalyptus Citriodora leave. Keywords: eucalyptus; extraction; issn; leaves; oil; steam; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Strategic Approach for Controlling Soil and Groundwater Contamination in Urban and Rural Areas of Nigeria by Oyebode, O. J. (2019) - Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. Keywords: contamination; environment; groundwater; health; issn; nigeria; pollution; soil; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Categorisation of Road Construction Projects’ Cost Overruns Causes using Factor Analysis by Ahmad, Z. B. ; Anigbogu, N. ; Molwus, J. J. (2019) - most contributing cost overruns factor in both of the previous. Future studies should include subcontractors to shed more light on the causes of road construction cost overruns. Keywords: analysis; causes; construction; cost; cost overruns; factor; issn; overruns; projects; road; www.azojete.com.ng
• Web-Based Advanced Traveller Information System for Minna Metropolis, Nigeria by Adeleke, O. O. ; Idoko, S.; Kolo, S. S. ; Anwar, A. R. ; Sijuwola, O. O. ; Akinola, O. (2019) - Assessing the benefits of traveler and transportation information systems. MTC’s 511 ATIS incorporates traveller information gathered from numerous sources, including the state Department of Transportation (DOT), regional transit agencies, local transportation agencies, toll tag transponders and a private data provider. Keywords: atis; information; issn; minna; system; traffic; transportation; traveller; www.azojete.com.ng
• Shortest Route: A Mobile Application for Route Optimization using Digital Map by Oduwole, O. E. ; Asaolu, O. S. ; Osigbemeh, M. S. (2019) - In the advancing world of technology mobile applications are evolving at a fast pace to give users a unique personal experience. This approach was considered because in recent times, people usually access information on the internet via mobile devices. Keywords: android; application; cost; google; issn; mobile; optimization; problem; route; shortestroute; user; www.azojete.com.ng
• Investigating the Possible Threats from Vegetal Cover Removal and Open Dumpsite to Groundwater Quality by Kwawuvi, D. ; Ewemoje, T. A. ; Owofadeju, F. K. ; Adesina, A. F. (2019) - The transport of these highly potential pollutants through storm water runoff can in certain weather conditions degrade soil and percolate underlying layers thereby contributing to the degradation of groundwater quality (Chithra et al., 2015). Descriptive statistics were applied to investigate the quality of groundwater samples from the Hand-dug wells. Keywords: accuracy; area; cover; dumpsite; ghana; gmwr; groundwater; issn; journal; land; quality; samples; study; sunyani; www.azojete.com.ng
• Response Surface Optimization of a Plastic Powder Processing Machine using Desirability Function Approach by Nwogu, C. N. ; Remy, U. ; Igbokwe, J. O. ; Okoronkwo, A. C. (2020) - According to Nwogu et al. (2019), the machine is capable of crushing used plastics (especially PET bottles) into powdered form which is used as feedstock for 3D printing. http://www.azojete.com.ng Nwogu et al: Response surface optimization of a plastic powder processing machine using desirability function approach. Keywords: issn; machine; plastic; powder; response; surface; www.azojete.com.ng
• Modification of Thermal Hydraulic Transient Models for the Miniature Neutron Source Reactor by Abubakar, N. ; Garba, I. ; Jimoh, M. T. (2020) - The model was validated by comparing with the experimental data and used to simulate and study other reactor parameters at nominal reactor power such as fuel temperature and effect of the cooling coil installed around the vessel in the reactor pool. The results recorded showed no significant difference in values with or without chiller except in the pool average temperature which was noticed to have reduced by about 1oC. Table 3 shows the variation of reactor transient thermal hydraulic parameters at various chiller powers. Keywords: clad; coolant; core; fuel; heat; issn; mnsr; pool; reactor; temperature; www.azojete.com.ng
• A Feasibility Study of Mini-Hydroelectric Power Plant for Seasonal Base Load by Ozigis, I. I. ; Oodo, S. O. ; Muhammad, I. D. (2020) - Figure 1: A schematic diagram of hydro power plant (Johnson et al., 2012). The data to the calculate the LCOE of hydro power plant were generated from this work while data for solar PV power plant were obtained from Oodo et al. (2017). Keywords: abuja; cost; electricity; energy; giri; head; hydropower; hydropower plant; issn; plant; power; power plant; river; study; university; www.azojete.com.ng
• Computational Model of Artificial Neural Networks and its Applications in Data Mining by Abah, J. ; Alu, E. S. ; Chahari, A. E. (2020) - Data mining techniques applied in educational environments: Literature review. To achieve this, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique through the concept known as data mining is presented. Keywords: ann; data; issn; layer; mining; model; network; output; weights; www.azojete.com.ng
• Investigation of Small Hydropower Potential of River Oshin in Kwara State, North Central, Nigeria by Oladeji, A. S. ; Akorede, M. F. ; Mohammed, A. A. ; Adeogun, A. G. ; Salami, A. W. (2020) - Delineation of run of river hydropower potential of Karnali basin-Nepal using GIS and HEC-HMS. The measure flow velocity at the various section of the river was converted to river discharge using the relationship between the flow velocity and channel cross-sectional as shown in Equation (1) (Wali, 2013). Keywords: area; discharge; energy; et al; flow; hydropower; issn; journal; level; nigeria; potential; river; state; study; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Exploiting IoT and LoRaWAN Technologies for Effective Livestock Monitoring in Nigeria by Abdullahi, U. S. ; Nyabam, M. ; Orisekeh, K. ; Umar, S. ; Sani, B. ; David, E. ; Umoru, A. A. (2019) - This paper intends to kick-start discussions around IoT-based solutions in livestock farming in Nigeria, with a view to addressing issues of cattle rustling as well as improved livestock health-care and better herd management through real-time monitoring. To cope with these harsh realities, livestock farming must undergo a modernization process in the African continent, whereby production is maximized, cost minimized, and resources efficiently utilized. Keywords: cattle; et al; internet; iot; issn; livestock; technology; things; www.azojete.com.ng
• Geological Setting and Solid Mineral Potentials of Southern Borno, Northeastern Nigeria by Baba, S. ; Shettima, B. ; Kamale, H.I. (2020) - Vol. 16(2):351-362 Published by the Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: ishakukamale@gmail.com; hikamale@unimaid.edu.ng 352 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE GEOLOGICAL SETTING AND SOLID MINERAL POTENTIALS OF SOUTHERN BORNO, NORTHEASTERN NIGERIA S. Baba, B. Shettima and H.I. Kamale* (Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069 Borno State Nigeria) *Corresponding author’s email address: ishakukamale@gmail.com; hikamale@unimaid.edu.ng 1.0 Introduction The southern part of Borno state is located within longitudes 11º 40' 00E and 14º 20' 00E and latitudes 10º 15' 00N and 10º20' 05N in northeastern Nigeria. Red to mottled colours are characteristic suggesting pedo-genetic features, and intercalations of volcanic rocks indicate contemporaneous volcanic activity (Popoff, 1988). Keywords: area; biu; borno; figure; formation; issn; nigeria; rocks; www.azojete.com.ng
• Performance of a simplified model inner-tube biodigester for biomethane production for household use in Nigeria by Suleiman, A. I. ; Kevin, L. W. H. ; Ajayi, A. S. (2020) - In a more complex biodigester, a more sensitive, comprehensive and reliable approach for data logging is adopted, whereas a small single-feedstock rural AD plant may survive with simple titration augmented by the occasional visit by a consultant (Zhang et al., 2010). To save cost and ensure a simple data logging process is achieved to evaluate the performance efficiency of the lab-scale digesters, the biogas production was measured using tipping-bucket gas counters with continuous data logging (Zhang et al., 2010) connected to the Raspberry Pi kit and phyton coding used to interpret the readings of the temperature probes (inserted into the digesters) and gas volumes. Keywords: biodigester; biogas; cow; digester; energy; et al; household; issn; methane; model; nigeria; production; slurry; tube; use; www.azojete.com.ng
• Spatial Modelling and Analysis of an Electrical Distribution System by Ogunbiyi, O. ; Olayinka, A. A. ; Ahmed, M. O. (2019) - Table 5 shows the estimation of centroid location on Sequence transformer network. Geospatial modelling of electricity distribution network. Keywords: data; distribution; issn; network; pole; power; system; transformer; www.azojete.com.ng
• Occurrence of Similar Periods in Geomagnetic Field Variations and Solar Activity by Rabiu, A. B. ; Abdulrahim, R. B. ; Garuba, O. A. ; Adekanmbi, O. O. ; Alabi, S. A. ; Ojurongbe, L. L. ; Lawani, A. S. (2019) - The primary objective is to identify the probable occurrence of solar activity related periods in the variations of the geomagnetic components. A strong, slightly longer periodicity of about 1.7 years ( 20.5 months) comparable with the 21-month periodicity found only in solar disturbance daily variation SD (see the 4th column of Table 2) was also found in cosmic rays during solar cycle 21 (Valdes-Galicia et al., 1996). Keywords: activity; field; issn; journal; periods; solar; variation; www.azojete.com.ng
• Design and Implementation of Solar Street Light for Scarcely Electrified Areas by Okandeji, A. A. ; Jagun, Z.O.; Olajide, M. B. ; Onaifo, F. (2020) - These includes: ● Error detection/protection for solar module output voltage, battery voltage (UBAT), LED lamp voltage (ULED), battery charging current (IBAT), and LED lamp current (ILED). Solar controllers of solar photovoltaic systems were used for the coordination of solar panels, batteries and work load. Keywords: battery; issn; load; panel; solar; table; voltage; www.azojete.com.ng
• Productivity and Allocative Efficiency of Quail (Cortunix Coturnix Japonica) Production using Different Rearing Techniques in Nigeria. by Oladimeji, Y. U. ; Yusuf, H. O. ; Yusuf, H. A. ; Shuaibu, H. ; Olarewaju, T. O. (2020) - The presence of inefficiency in quail poultry production system should also be addressed if quail poultry farmers intend to maximize their profit. The profitability indices involved the estimating the following items: Net Farm Income for quail poultry production was estimated using equation below: (3) Keywords: cost; efficiency; farmers; investment; issn; nigeria; poultry; production; quail; rearing; total; www.azojete.com.ng
• Design Analysis of a Microcontroller Based Automatic Switching System using Passive Infrared Sensor by Okandeji, A. A. ; Jagun, Z.O. ; Olajide, M. B. ; Kabir, M. T. (2020) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545- 5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: aokandeji@unilag.edu.ng 631 Figure 8: Voltage regulator circuit For the voltage regulator, the output voltage is approximately given by (Theraja et al., 2002). Figure 5: Power supply circuit http://www.azojete.com.ng Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, September, 2020; Vol. 16(3) 621-636. Keywords: circuit; current; issn; power; sensor; switching; system; voltage; www.azojete.com.ng
• Development of Hydropower Turbines Powered by Dam Overflow by Oyebode, O. O. ; Olaoye, J. O. (2019) - Spacing of Blade (t) 28mm 3.2 Machine Fabrication Figures 6 and 7 show the isometric view of the cross flow and Pelton wheel turbines respectively which reveals the position of the alternator, the pulley attached to the turbine and the intermediate pulley which was fabricated for speed increment. According to Renewables First (2009), the size of the outside diameter of cross flow turbines is dependent on available hydraulic head and it normally ranges from 100mm to 500mm in 50mm or 100mm steps. Keywords: cross; dam; flow; hydropower; issn; pelton; turbine; water; wheel; www.azojete.com.ng
• Comparison of Multiple Linear and Quadratic Models in Estimating Road Crashes in Semi-Urban Two-Lane Roads: Case Study of Nsukka Municipal Council, South Eastern Nigeria by Ozor, P. A. ; Ozoegwu, C. G. (2020) - Road traffic accident remains a hazard the World have come to live with. Prevalence of fatality and associated factors of road traffic accidents among victims reported to Burayu town police stations, between 2010 and 2015. Keywords: accident; analysis; crashes; data; issn; linear; model; regression; road; study; traffic; variables; www.azojete.com.ng; � �
• Evaluating the Effectiveness of Floating and Suspended Materials for Reducing Evaporation Losses in Small Water Bodies by Yadima, S. G. ; Ibiang, I. O. ; Jones, A. N. (2020) - Evaporation pan is one of the simplest, inexpensive, and most widely used methods of estimating evaporative losses (Jones, 1992). Pan evaporation is considered an indication of atmospheric evaporative power. Keywords: arid; bodies; evaporation; issn; losses; pan; pans; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Effects of Rice Husk Ash on Durability of Self-Compacting Concrete Made with Cassava Peel Ash by Abdulwahab, M. T. ; Uche, O. A. U. ; Aboshio, A. ; Mohammed, A. ; Suleiman, A. ; Auwal, A. M. ; Chidawa, S. U. (2022) - Figure 2: Compressive Strength of CPA SCC ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: amtaytechnology@yahoo.com 58 Figure 3: Compressive Strength of CPA + RHA SCC Blends 3.2 Water absorption As shown in Figure 4, the water absorption capacity of CPA SCC reduces as the percentage of cement replaced with CPA increases (Raheem et al., 2015). Keywords: ash; cement; concrete; cpa; husk; issn; rha; scc; strength; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Conversion of Biomass to Adsorbent: A Review by Ngulde, A. B. ; Silas, K. ; Mohammed, H. D. ; Yaumi, A. L. ; Taura, U. H. ; Mari, H. H. (2022) - Due to the potential reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, society has recognized the usage of waste biomass as a sustainable resource. The generation of bioenergy in terms of liquid, gaseous, and solid fuels from biomass wastes has been an important field in research and development. Keywords: activation; adsorbent; biomass; carbon; date; energy; et al; issn; journal; materials; removal; review; waste; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Involvement of the General Public in the Management of Water Pollution in Johor Bahru Malaysia by Sanda, B. Y. ; Bah, A. U. ; Ibrahim, A. (2022) - Eventually, the findings revealed that the general public is enthusiastic about taking part in the fight against water pollution and are ready to participate in water pollution management in their community. It also discusses the general information of the respondents, general knowledge of the public on water pollution issues, the current level of public involvement in water pollution management, and the readiness of people to take part in activities to minimize water pollution. Keywords: environmental; involvement; issn; journal; management; percent; pollution; public; quality; respondents; sources; water; water pollution; www.azojete.com.ng
• Evaluation of Best- Fit Probability Distribution Models for Prediction of Rainfall in Southern Nigeria by Agbonaye, A. I. ; Izinyon , O. C. (2022) - Goodness of fit test criteria The goodness of fit test used to check the adequacy of fit of probability distribution models to the series of recorded rainfall data for the stations are Root mean square error (RMSE), Relative root mean square error (RRMSE), Mean absolute deviation index (MADI), Maximum absolute error (MAE), Probability plot correlation coefficient (PPCC), Chi-square (x2 ) test. The Quantile Function and Parameters of Probability Distribution models are shown in Table 1. Keywords: data; distribution; fit; issn; maximum; model; probability; probability distribution; rainfall; table; value; www.azojete.com.ng
• Assessment of Regulation Compliance and Quality of Sachet Water Factories in Ibadan North Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria by Durowoju, O. R. ; Desogan, A. ; Mustapha, M. ; Waziri, S. A. ; Ibrahim, U. A. (2022) - In Nigeria, many people relied on sachet waters as an alternative source of clean drinking water. Hence, there is need for strict attention and routine monitoring by regulatory agencies with the view of raising standards of quality of sachet water produced and sold in the country. Keywords: assessment; drinking; et al; factories; issn; journal; nigeria; quality; sachet; sachet water; samples; standard; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Production of Biocomposite from Parinari Polyandra Fruit Shell Using Waste Low Density Polyethylene as Matrix by Odiase, P. O. ; Odetoye, T. E. (2022) - Biocomposite samples were produced using waste LDPE sachets and Parinari polyandra shells, where filler sizes (0.420 mm, 0.841mm) and filler loading (10%, 20%) were varied. The factors, filler size and filler-matrix ratios were varied one after the other. Keywords: composite; filler; issn; loading; matrix; polyethylene; ratio; size; strength; waste; www.azojete.com.ng
• Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analyses of Energy and Exergy in Thin Layer Drying of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Slices using Centre Shaft Rotary Tray Cabinet (CSRTC) Dryer by Oyeniyi, S. K.; Olatunbosun, O. S. ; Aremu, A. K. ; Aviara, N. A. ; Iyilade, I. J. (2019) - − T∞4 − 4T∞T3 +…� � �������������� ������������� VI (15) i – internal energy ii – entropy iii – work iv – momentum v – gravity vi – chemical radiation emission u - specific internal energy, (kJ/kg) T - temperature, (K) s - specific entropy, (kJ/kg K) P - pressure, (kPa) J - joule constant v - specific volume, (m3/s) V - velocity, (m/s) g - gravitational acceleration, m/s2 z - altitude coordinate, (m) gc - constant in Newton's law h - enthalpy, (kJ/kg) μc – kinematic viscosity(m2/s) N - number of species file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Oyeniyi , et al: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analyses of Energy and Exergy in Thin Layer Drying of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) slices using Centre Shaft Rotary Tray Cabinet (CSRTC) Dryer. AZOJETE, 15(3):762-776. Exergy = u− u∞� � �� � I − T∞ S − S∞� � ��� �� II + P∞ J v − v∞ � � ��� �� III + V2 2gJ� IV + z − z∞ g gcJ� � ��� �� V + Keywords: air; dryer; drying; exergy; issn; temperature; tray; www.azojete.com.ng; � �
• Design, Analysis and Construction of an Impressed Current Electric Device for Cathodic Protection by Hammajam, A. A. ; Ibrahim, M. A. ; Adam, M. K. (2022) - Cathodic protection involving impressed current anodes to reduce highway and other bridge maintenance costs is being done and substantial savings realized. Impressed current anodes were supplied with a recommended maximum current density. Keywords: anode; cathodic; corrosion; current; design; issn; protection; soil; structure; www.azojete.com.ng
• Biolubricant Production from Parinari Polyandra and Azadirachta Indica Seed Oils using Trimethylolpropane Polyol. by Bulus, L. N. ; Odetoye, T. E. (2022) - Trimethylol propane (TMP) was the polyol used in the production of biolubricant from Parinari seed oil and Neem seed oil (Nagaraj et al., 2020). Parinari oil was extracted from parinari seed using Sohxlet extraction method, and neem oil was purchased from Akande market in Ogbomoso, Oyo state, Nigeria. Keywords: biolubricant; et al; issn; journal; neem; oil; parinari; production; seed; www.azojete.com.ng
• Towards Sustainable Road Infrastructure Delivery in Nigeria by Oraegbune, O. M. (2022) - The personal background information elicited included the respondents experience and participation in sustainability driven infrastructure projects. Project sustainability management (PSM) guidelines developed by the international federation of consulting Engineers. Keywords: construction; criteria; decision; environment; indicators; infrastructure; issn; nigeria; performance; project; road; sustainability; ugwu; www.azojete.com.ng
• Implementation of Numerical Integration Using Field Programmable Gate Arrays and Microcontrollers: A Review by Adamu, M. ; Audu, A. I. ; Ngene, C. U. (2022) - Print ISSN: 1596-2644, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: msmajemusa4@gmail.com 453 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE IMPLEMENTATION OF NUMERICAL INTEGRATION USING FIELD PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS AND MICROCONTROLLERS: A REVIEW M. Adamu1*, A. I. Audu2, C. U. Ngene2 1Department of Computer Science, College of Education and Legal Studies, Nguru, Nigeria 2Department of Computer Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria *Corresponding author’s email address: msmajemusa4@gmail.com 1.0 Introduction The study of how to find the numeric values of an integral function at a given set of independent variables is known as numerical integration. Because of the high increase in the volume of data used in designs and the large data dependencies in complex computations, researchers are motivated to highlight the need for a shift from the software based implementation of numerical integration to hardware-based FPGAs implementations that are much quicker, more efficient, and more reliable. Keywords: algorithm; fpga; gate; hardware; implementation; integrals; integration; issn; method; numerical; order; parallel; www.azojete.com.ng
• Traditional Sensor-Based and Computer Vision-Based Fire Detection Systems: A Review by Hassan, A. ; Audu, A. I. (2022) - Not like thermal and smoke based fire detection methods, line of sight must exist between the flame detection device and the fire source to recognize emitted fire signatures. Summary of Works reviewed on computer vision based fire detections. Author(s) and Year Algorithm Dataset Contribution Research gap Foggia et al. (2015). Keywords: algorithm; colour; computer; conference; detection; detection systems; et al; features; fire; fire detection; flame; ieee; issn; methods; network; neural; sensor; smoke; smoke detection; systems; video; vision; www.azojete.com.ng
• Framework for Investigating Contractor Selection Decision Support Systems’ (CS-DSS) Acceptance by Public Procurement Personnel by Salla, D. E. ; Musa-Haddary, Y. G. ; Kolo, B. A. ; Gandu, Y. J. (2022) - The absence of reliable framework for investigating technology adoption in public procurement has continued to impede the possibilities of investigating the acceptance of such technologies. The present study aims at developing a framework for investigating CS-DSS acceptance for the smallest decision making unit in public procurement. Keywords: acceptance; adoption; contractor; contractor selection; decision; dss; factors; framework; issn; journal; procurement; public; selection; technology; technology acceptance; www.azojete.com.ng
• Extraction and Geo-Referencing Suburban Locations of Terroristic Attacks from Textual Data of Maiduguri Insurgency by Garba, S. S. (2022) - Since the two layers of data were inadequate, the Google earth was used to determine the coordinates of extracted location that could not be determined from layers. Execerpt of the report of the Matching of Extracted GTD data and the RLD Extracted Reference Latitude Longitude Similarity Index Summary % Gwaidomari 0.0000 No result, 26% Wahabi mosque 0.0000 Sinimari Church of Christ 0.0000 Bayan Quarters Keywords: data; extraction; issn; location; maiduguri; names; rld; table; www.azojete.com.ng
• Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Pathloss Prediction Model for LTE Network for Microcells in an Urban Environment by Omoze, E. L. ; Emagbetere, J. O. (2022) - The result of the 20% test data shows that artificial neural network is suitable for predicting pathloss in Benin City. Figure 6 shows a comparative analysis of prediction made using artificial neural network (ANN) and pathloss values obtained from measured data with respect to distance while Figure 7 shows training history of artificial neural network for 100 epochs. Keywords: data; environment; issn; model; network; pathloss; prediction; station; www.azojete.com.ng
• Fabrication of Probe Trap for Monitoring Cowpea Weevil Infesting Stored Cowpea by Uzoma, D. A. ; Awotunde, D. R. ; Auwalu, A. I. ; Abba, K. A. ; Lucius, J. B. ; Magaji, B. T.; Oparaeke, A. M. (2022) - According to Anugwom et al. (2017), ambient/natural light lure can improve the performance of perforated insect probe trap for monitoring C. maculatus infesting stored cowpea. Insect specimens collected with probe traps are undamaged and so are good for research purpose. Keywords: bruchids; catches; cowpea; density; grain; insect; issn; light; population; probe; probe trap; standard; trap; www.azojete.com.ng
• Modification, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of Insulated Box for Post-Harvest Handling of Fish by Atanda, S. A. ; Anifowoshe, A. O. ; Oladeinde, M. O. ; Olumoh, Q. A. ; Udefi , I. O. ; Pessu, P. O. (2022) - These includes plastic boxes, isocyanate, resin, mild steel angle rods (0.5mm), steel flat bars (0.5mm), round galvanized steel pipe (0.5 mm), swivel and static caster solid tires (10 cm Dia), plastic board (3mm thick), glue, rivets. Insulated boxes are made of an insulating material that is best packed between two layers of durable, waterproof, non-absorbent plastics. Keywords: box; design; fish; ice; issn; journal; trolley; www.azojete.com.ng
• Ohmic Heating as Alternative Preservation Technique - A Review by Muhammad, A. I. ; Shitu, A. ; Tadda, M. A. (2019) - Ohmic heating is one of these technologies because it heats both phases of food (liquid and solid) simultaneously by internal energy generated from electrical power. The heat energy generated during ohmic heating is transferred directly into the foods. Keywords: conductivity; energy; et al; food; heating; issn; journal; processing; science; technology; www.azojete.com.ng
• Combustion Modeling of a Fixed Bed Downdraft Biomass Gasifier Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Design by Abdulrahman, S. A. ; Abdulrahim, A. T. ; El-Jummah, A. M. (2019) - The range of values for predicted gasification temperatures for rice husks and saw dust mixtures is 927 – 1125 °C. Maximum gasification temperature for the fuel mixtures is 1398 K (1125 °C) and this is close to the value measured experimentally, 1373 K (1100 °C) which confirms the adequacy of the CFD application. Keywords: biomass; downdraft; figure; fuel; gasification; gasifier; issn; temperature; www.azojete.com.ng
• Validation of wet chemistry method as alternative to gas chromatography for biogas methane content determination by Ibrahim, T. H. ; Betiku, E. ; Solomon, B. O. ; Oyedele, J. O. ; Olaifa, G. O. ; Adekunle, A. A. (2023) - This was obtained from the work of Ibrahim et al. (2021b) as the optimum mixing ratio for biogas production from CV. However, pH control efforts (addition of 1M NaOH and/or 1M H2SO4 as required) prevented digester failure and ensured biogas production throughout (Lei et al., 2010). Keywords: anaerobic; analysis; biogas; digestion; et al; issn; journal; methane; method; production; technology; www.azojete.com.ng
• Fabrication and Evaluation of an Affordable Infant Radiant Warmer for use in Limited Resource Settings by Ibitoye, M. O. ; Ahmed, Y. K.; Saad, A. B.; Ajibola, T. M. (2023) - Figure 5: Variation of heater and infant compartment temperature with time Figure 5 presents the variation of heater and infant compartment temperature with time. Table 3: Relationship between variables using correlation Time Heater Measured Expected Time 1.0000 Heater 0.3120 1.0000 measured 0.4088 0.9918 1.0000 Expected - - - - It can be seen from the Table 3 that measured infant compartment temperature strongly correlates with the heater temperature. Keywords: compartment; device; hardware; health; heater; infant; issn; radiant; settings; temperature; use; warmer; www.azojete.com.ng
• Prediction of Infant Size at Birth Using Principal Components based Artificial Neural Network by Usman, U. ; Suleiman, S. ; Muhammad, A. B. ; Ibrahim, M. B. (2023) - Neural networks are semi-parametric non-linear models, which are able to approximate any reasonable function (Gulumbe et al., 2016). Classification and prediction of the patient's condition based on risk factors are an application of artificial neural networks (Gulumbe et al., 2019) Keywords: analysis; birth; data; factors; issn; model; network; variables; weight; www.azojete.com.ng
• Effect of Wild-Vine Powder (WVP) as Admixture in Compressed Lateritic Earth Blocks (CLEB) by Ismail, S. Y. ; Aboshio, A. (2023) - ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT In this paper, the effect of wild-vine powder on strength and durability properties of compressed lateritic earth blocks was evaluated through series of laboratory experiments. It is against this background that this study seeks to evaluate the effect of wild-vine powder (WVP) as an admixture in compressed lateritic earth blocks (CLEB) with a viewto improve the strength, and durability of CLEB as well as to minimize the cost of materials used for building and block production. Keywords: blocks; cleb; earth; figure; issn; vine; water; wild; wvp; www.azojete.com.ng
• Development of an NCAM Tuber-Shaped Vegetable Slicing Machine by Bawa, A. A. ; Dandejeh , H. A. ; Kulla, D. M. (2023) - Hence, this result is in line with that of Sahar et al (2018) and can be concluded that residual cooking oil biodiesel has the required quality to be use in compression ignition. Figure 4: GCMS result of residual cooking oil biodiesel 0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000 7000000 8000000 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 Keywords: biodiesel; cooking; emission; engine; figure; fuel; issn; oil; oleander; torque; www.azojete.com.ng
• Design, Construction and Testing of a Weighing Equipment for Powdered Food Products by Ekpu, M. ; Ayomide , I. A. (2023) - Methods The equipment is based on microcontroller and load cell. Materials The materials used for the construction of the equipment are: hopper, load cell sensor, Arduino Uno board (microcontroller), stepper motor, stepper motor driver, input key and LCD screen, power supply, and frame. Keywords: arduino; cell; equipment; figure; issn; load; scale; weighing; www.azojete.com.ng
• Investigation of Fresh and Hardened Behaviour of Nanostructured Concrete by Nwa-David, C. D. (2023) - The graph in Figure 6 captured the variation of splitting tensile strength with compressive strength of OPC-NCPA-concrete. Figure 7 presented a graphical illustration of the alliance between compressive strength and tensile strength of the concrete specimen after 28 days’ period of curing. Keywords: ash; cassava; cement; concrete; days; figure; issn; ncpa; splitting; strength; tensile; www.azojete.com.ng
• Effects of Diboron Trioxide on Zinc Silicate-Based Glass-Ceramic Derived from Waste Soda Lime Silica for Potential Phosphor Materials Application by Alibe, I. M. ; Nasir, S. ; Zaid, M. H. M. ; Alibe, A. M. (2023) - Willemite, also known as zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4), is renowned for its suitability as a good host glass material used for several guest ions of rare–earth and transitional metals to attain higher effectiveness in displaying a wider range of multi–colours for luminescence application (Omri et al., 2013; El Mir and Omri, 2014; Al–Nidawi et al., 2017; Effendy et al., 2017; Zaid et al., 2016; Omar et al., 2017; Omar et al., 2016a; Rasdi et al., 2017;). Besides, the high amount of ZnO can lead to more intense crystallization and favor the precipitation of optically active crystalline phases (Zaid et al., 2016a). Keywords: b2o3; et al; glass; glasses; issn; materials; properties; sls)0.4; wt.%; www.azojete.com.ng; zinc; zno; 𝐵2𝑂3
• Evaluation and Comparison of some Infiltration Models on Agricultural Soils of Bosso Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria by Musa, J. J. ; Kuti, I. A.; Dada, P. O. O.; Otuaro, E. A. ; Eze, P. C.; Nathaniel, S. O. (2023) - Until a steady state is reached, soil infiltration rates gradually decrease. Researchers have condensed soil infiltration features into various mathematical models (Musa and Egharevba, 2009; Al-Janobi et al., 2010; Umar et al., 2021). Keywords: et al; infiltration; infiltration models; issn; journal; kostiakov; models; nigeria; rate; soil; study; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Analysis of Field Characteristics for Irrigation System Design: A Case Study by Uche, U. E. ; Soretire, L. K. ; Omiogbemi, I. M. B. ; Iwuoha, L. I. ; Aserifa, W. E. (2023) - Where Ma = available moisture (%) FC = field capacity (moisture content of the fields soil after drainage has become negligible (%) WP = wilting point (soil water content below which plant growing in that soil remains wilted even when transpiration is nearly eliminated (%) Where Ma = available moisture (%) FC = field capacity (moisture content of the fields soil after drainage has become negligible (%) WP = wilting point (soil water content below which plant growing in that soil remain wilted even when transpiration is nearly eliminated (%) Keywords: author; content; density; field; file:///c:/users/engr.%20samuel/documents/engr%20oyeniyi/azojete/azojete%20archive/upload/vol%2019%20no%203/eaumie@gmail.com; irrigation; issn; moisture; project; soil; study; test; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Delignification Trends in Pretreatment of Musa Paradisiaca Pseudo-Stem and the Production of Bioethanol by Owofadeju, F. K. ; Kolajo, T. E. ; Onibudo, O. A. (2023) - For the purpose of removing lignin from the cellulose matrix, a number of pretreatment procedures have been investigated, including diluted acid pretreatment (Li et al., 2016; Thomas et al, 2017; Liu et al., 2018), ultrasound pretreatment (Ivetic et al., 2017; Luzzi et al., 2017), ionic liquids (Liu et al., 2016; 2.5 Qualitative Tests For the qualitative analysis, the FTIR device (Buck Scientific Infrared Spectrometer M350) was used (Gallignani et al., 1994; Conklin et al., 2014). Keywords: bioethanol; biomass; cellulose; issn; naoh; pretreatment; production; pseudo; stem; time; www.azojete.com.ng; yield
• Revolutionizing Agriculture Through Space Science and Technology Applications by Njoku, Placid Chike (2019) - Space technology applications can significantly influence food production systems and can be key to food security as it can enhance productivity, resilience and profitability. This is basically in concert with the position their supervising Minister that Nigeria will “continue to utilize space technology to boost vital sectors of the Nigerian Economy”. Keywords: agriculture; applications; development; food; issn; land; nigeria; production; satellite; science; space; space technology; technology; www.azojete.com.ng
• Assessment of Arsenic in Groundwater in Monguno, Borno State, Nigeria by Umar, I. M. ; Sheriff, B. M. ; Muhammad, B. B. (2023) - This study rigorously evaluated groundwater arsenic concentrations in 102 samples from various boreholes across Upper, Middle, and Lower aquifers of the Chad Formation, utilizing the Palintest Digital Arsenator Test Kit. Figure 5: Model for representing the hazard quotient for concentration of arsenic in Monguno A linear model depicting the hazard quotient per arsenic sample for all 102 samples is presented in figure 5. Keywords: arsenic; assessment; concentrations; groundwater; health; issn; monguno; nigeria; risk; samples; study; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Hydrochemistry of Surface and Groundwater in Parts of Birnin Kebbi Northwestern Nigeria by Abdulganiyu, Y. ; Oresajo, B. S. ; AbdulKarim, M. ; Phillips, O. A. ; Ibrahim, H. ; Abdulfatah, T. A. ; Yakubu, H. ; Zainab, H. ; Sadiya, M. ; Nasiru, A. ; Mahmud, I. (2023) - Equation used for pollution indices computation for water samples collected from study area. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: charger.ca34@gmail.com 799 Figure 3: Type classification for water samples from the study area using the Piper trilinear diagram (Back and Hanshaw 1965). Keywords: area; groundwater; issn; location; nigeria; npi; pollution; samples; study; study area; water; www.azojete.com.ng
• Assessment of Air Quality of Service Stations in a Built-Up Area: A Case Study of Lagos Metropolis by Shote, A. S. ; Aasa, S. A. ; Musa, A. I. (2023) - Chromite ore is inert and insoluble in water and some mineral acids while in spinel form (Muthy et al., 2011). Consequently, the composition made Chromite ore a complex mineral with an admixture of magnesium, iron, aluminium, and chromium in varying proportions depending on the deposit. Keywords: acid; aluminium; chromite; dissolution; figure; iron; issn; leaching; ore; process; www.azojete.com.ng
• Effect of Dielectric Properties of Building Structural Materials on Attenuation of Microwave Signals in Urban Areas of Nigeria by Nwaokolo, E.; Gbenga-Ilori, A. (2024) - Building materials tested include reinforced concrete slabs, hollow sandcrete blocks, and prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs. The authors analyzed building materials commonly used in southern Europe. Keywords: attenuation; building; figure; indoor; issn; mailto:%20salami.lukman@adelekeuniversity.edu.ng; materials; mut; outdoor; permittivity; properties; test; value; www.azojete.com.ng
• Investigating the Energy Potential and Quantification of Bida Waste Landfill: A Case Study of Kutufani Dump Site by Ndagiman, A. L.; Suleiman, D. R.; Sulaimon, I. (2024) - Characterisation of Kutufani solid waste was carried out. A representative sample of Kutufani solid waste from the dump site was collected. Keywords: 2022; analysis; bida; content; energy; et al; generation; issn; journal; kutufani; moisture; msw; nigeria; potential; sample; site; study; waste; www.azojete.com.ng
• Multi-Response Optimization of Planting Process of a Seed Ridge Planter using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by Yusuf, D. D.; Upahi, E. J. ; Yusuf, H. O. (2023) - Conclusively, soil moisture availability is an important factor affecting the depth of seed planting in the study area 1.0 Introduction Planting is a crucial step for successful crop production (Finch-Savage, and Bassel, 2016). Seedling emergence (in 0.01ha) Depth of Planting (mm) Plant Spacing(mm) Number of Seeds Per Hill 1 1.32 16.74 x x x x 2 1.13 16.74 x x x x 3 0.94 12.37 x x x x 4 1.32 12.37 x x x x 5 1.32 21.10 x x x x 6 1.13 16.74 x x x x 7 1.13 21.10 x x x x 8 1.13 16.74 x x x x 9 0.94 16.74 x x x x 10 1.13 16.74 x x x x 11 1.13 16.74 x x x x 12 1.13 12.37 x x x x 13 0.94 21.10 x x x x x = values to be measured on field 2.2.5.1 Development of response surface empirical model for output responses The empirical model correlating output responses (seedling emergence, depth of seed planting, plant spacing, number of seeds per hole, energy consumed and number of damaged seeds - (y)) to the process factors (planting speed, moisture content) and the interaction between them is best explained below as generated by Design Expert 9.0 Software:: 𝑌𝑅𝑆𝑀 = 𝛾0 + 𝛾1𝑥1 + 𝛾2𝑥2 + 𝛾3𝑥1𝑥2 + 𝛾4𝑥1 2 + 𝛾5𝑥2 2 + 𝜖 (28) where, YRSM = Response Surface matrix output, 𝑥1 = planting speed (m/s), 𝑥2 = moisture content (% db), 𝑥1𝑥2 = interaction between planting speed and moisture content, 𝑥1 2 = square of the main effect (planting speed), 𝑥2 2 = square of the main effect (moisture content), 𝛾𝑖 = coefficients of the model parameters and ϵ = error value. Keywords: content; depth; emergence; issn; moisture; number; planter; planting; response; seed; seedling; soil; surface; www.azojete.com.ng
• Development of a Laboratory Airbag Model to Cushion the effect of Vehicle Tyre Burst While in Motion by Hassan, A. B. ; Musa, A. ; Babawuya, A. ; Yahuza, I. (2019) - The development of this laboratory airbag model is such that the airbag is incorporated into the rim (i.e. on the rim, inside the tyre). Development of a laboratory airbag model to cushion the effect of vehicle tyre burst while in motion. AZOJETE, 15(2):449-460. Keywords: airbag; burst; design; figure; issn; tyre; vehicle; www.azojete.com.ng
• Development of a Generic On-Line Departmental E-Library using the Iterative Design Approach by Olabisi, P. O. ; Ogunkanmi, O. A. ; Abdullahi, H. I. (2024) - Reduces possibilities of high down-time of web links and access to library e-resources. Figure 3: Catalogue tree for e-library resources. Keywords: access; books; computer; digital; information; issn; journal; libraries; library; management; resources; system; technology; www.azojete.com.ng
• Development of Glaucoma Detection System using CNN and SVM by Okomba, N. S. ; Adedayo, S. A. ; Aviara, C. V. ; Esan, A. O. ; Omodunbi, B. ; Chikezie, A. S. (2024) - There are different types of SVM models, such as linear, polynomial, radial basis function (RBF), and sigmoid, that have different assumptions and characteristics. The impact of classification model training results showing the comparison of all the chosen evaluation metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, AUC, and F1 Score) are presented in Table 1. Keywords: accuracy; cnn; data; detection; glaucoma; glaucoma detection; images; issn; learning; loss; mobilenetv2; model; number; svm; system; training; validation; www.azojete.com.ng
• A Retrospect of Energy Demand and Potential of Sub-Saharan Africa: Leveraging Energy Deficit to Attain Clean Energy Hub Region by Ebhota, W. S. ; Tabakov, P. Y. (2024) - Others are socioeconomic impacts, cross-border energy trade, energy storage technologies, climate change mitigation, data availability and quality, policy and regulatory frameworks, infrastructure development, energy efficiency, energy transition pathways, RE potential, energy access and inequality (Ganesan, 2024, IEA, 2009). However, the scope of this paper covers energy access, RE potential, infrastructure development, socioeconomic impacts, and technological innovation. Keywords: 2022; access; address; africa; countries; demand; development; economic; electricity; energy; energy access; energy demand; geothermal; iea; issn; potential; power; region; saharan; solar; ssa; sub; technology; wind; wind energy; www.azojete.com.ng
• Efficacy of Sugarcane Bagasse and Rice Husk Adsorbent for treatment of Heavy metals from petroleum refinery effluent by Waziri, S. A.; Mustapha, M. (2024) - In this paper, KOH and NaOH treated rice husk and sugarcane bagasse activated carbon are respectively produce for treatment of heavy metals from refinery effluent. Figure 7: Heavy metal adsorption of sugarcane bagasse activated carbon The findings in Table 6, shows that the simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals from petroleum refinery is fitted well for both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; bagasse; carbon; et al; husk; issn; journal; metals; rice; rice husk; sugarcane; temperature; www.azojete.com.ng; yield
• Exploring the Influence of Noise on Voice Recognition Systems: A Case Study of Supervised Learning Algorithms by Balogun, M. O.; Jimada-Ojuolape, B.; Mahmoud, M. (2024) - In response, researchers and developers have been focusing on advanced methods like deep learning, neural networks, and refined data collection techniques to establish more robust and versatile voice recognition systems, such as voice recognition biometric systems which can surmount the challenges (Kao and Chueh, 2023). The authors emphasize the significance of anti-spoofing measures and the integration of multiple features for robust speaker recognition systems. Keywords: accuracy; algorithms; ann; data; et al; issn; knn; learning; model; performance; recognition; speaker; speech; study; systems; voice; voice recognition; www.azojete.com.ng
• Hate Speech Identification in West Africa, using Machine-Learning Techniques by Sosimi, A. A.; Ipinnimo, O.; Folorunsho, C. O.; Adim, B. A.; Onoyom-Ita, E. (2024) - This study combines relevant natural language processing techniques and machine learning classifiers to create a hate speech detection model using hate speech from West African countries, including Pidgin English, on Twitter, now ‘X’. The widespread use of social media and other digital platforms has made it easier for hate speech to spread quickly, escalating tensions and endangering national and local unity. Keywords: countvectorizer; data; dataset; hate; hate speech; idf; issn; learning; machine; media; model; nhs; samples; speech; west; www.azojete.com.ng
• Technology Options for Public Safety and Disaster Relief Networks by Faruk, N. ; Surajudeen-Bakinde, N. T. ; Ayeni, A. A. ; Bello, O. W. ; Fadipe-Joseph, O. A. (2018) - D2D is expected to facilitate the interoperability between public safety communication networks and other commercial networks. Due to the shortcomings of the traditional cellular systems, today‟s public safety communications systems in Nigeria are prone to network congestion, interoperability problems, which make it very difficult for first responders from different agencies and locations to communicate and coordinate. Keywords: access; area; communication; disaster; emergency; figure; issn; lte; mhz; mobile; networks; nigeria; options; public; radio; safety; system; technologies; technology; vol; wireless; www.azojete.com.ng
• Analysis of Normal Radar Signal Based on Different Time-Frequency Distribution Configurations. by Ahmad, A. A.; Ahmad, A. A.; Aji, M. M.; Abdulkadir, M.; Adunola, F. O.; Lawan, S. (2024) - Relying solely on traditional recognition models to identify radar signals in electronic warfare systems is a significant challenge. The presence of unwanted components such as noise and interference in radar signals can significantly deteriorate the quality of time- frequency representation, leading to inaccurate radar parameter estimation. Keywords: analysis; cwd; distribution; frequency; issn; pulse; radar; radar signal; recognition; signal; time; www.azojete.com.ng
• Calibration and Validation of AquaCrop Model for Tomato Crop Under Full and Deficit Irrigation by Arab, A. I.; Othman, M. K.; Mudiare, O. J.; Ramalan, A. A.; Idris, U. D. (2025) - Crop water use R2 0.88 0.92 0.97 RMSE* 0.37 0.54 8.54 NRMSE (%) 8.3 6.5 1.8 EF 0.99 0.99 0.99 d (Willmott’s index of agreement) 0.99 0.99 0.99 CRM 0.04 0.03 0.001 *unit of RMSE for Fruit and Biomass yield is t/ha; Crop water use is mm The simulated and field measured crop water productivity with respect to dry fruit is presented in Table 8 while the statistical model performance indicators are presented in Table 9. Crop water use (mm) Treatment Sim. Keywords: aquacrop; biomass; calibration; crop; fruit; irrigation; issn; model; stage; table; use; water; www.azojete.com.ng; yield
• Electrical Resistivity Survey for Groundwater Investigation in Parts of Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria by Adebayo, A. S.; Dasho, O. A.; Olufemi, A. P.; Babatunde, O. A.; Oghenenyovwe, O. (2025) - Hasan et al. 2018), delineation of the contaminated plume (Adebayo et al. 2015; Olagunju et al. 2017; Akinola et al. 2018 ) and engineering site investigation (Adenika et al. 2018). The relationship between aquifer hydraulic properties and geoelectric properties had been established and applied to evaluate aquifer hydraulic properties and vulnerability (Obiora et al. 2016; Niwas and Singhal 1981; Heigold et al. 1979; Kelly 1977; Maillet 1947) Keywords: aquifer; area; groundwater; issn; low; nigeria; parameters; resistivity; transmissivity; www.azojete.com.ng

• Development of Rating Curve for River Ngadda by Ibrahim, U. A.; Daniel, P.; Gutti, M. B. (2025) - Establishing stage–discharge rating curves in developing countries: Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia. Development of river rating curves for simple to complex hydraulic structure based on calibrated HEC-RAS hydraulic model, in Kwale, Coastal Kenya. Keywords: curve; data; discharge; maiduguri; ngadda; rating; river; water
• Biogas Production and Nitrogen Recovery from Cattle and Chicken Dung Through Anaerobic Digestion by Malgwi, D. J.; Musa, M. A.; Jones, A. N. (2025) - Conclusion This study demonstrated the potentials of cattle and chicken dung as substrates for biogas production and nitrogen extraction. ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the biochemical methane potential (BMP) of cattle and chicken dung through anaerobic digestion. Keywords: biogas; cattle; chicken; digestion; dung; water
• Physical Properties of Guinea Corn Stalk Fibre Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Composite for The Production of Particle Board by James, E.; Aji, I. S.; Dauda, M. (2025) - Table 2: Formulation of Composites S/N Designation Material Composition 1 S0 HDPE (100 Wt %) 2 GCSF1 Guinea corn stalk + HDPE HDPE (90 Wt %) + GCSF (10 Wt %) 3 GCSF2 Guinea corn stalk + HDPE HDPE (80 Wt %) + GCSF (20 Wt %) 4 GCSF3 Guinea corn stalk + HDPE HDPE (70 Wt %) + GCSF (30 Wt %) 5 GCSF4 Guinea corn stalk + HDPE HDPE (60 Wt %) + GCSF (40 Wt %) 6 GCFS5 Guinea corn stalk + HDPE HDPE (50 Wt %) + GCSF (50 Wt %) 2.3.3 Using agricultural waste for particle board production offers several advantages: abundant supply, cost-effectiveness, and AZOJETE March 2025. Keywords: composite; density; hdpe; loading; particle; swelling; thickness; water
• The Zeta Potential in Crude Extracts of Some Hibiscus Plants for Water Treatment by Jones, A. N. (2018) - Coagulant dose (mg/l) Residual turbidity in OCE water Zeta potential of OCE water Residual turbidity in SCE water Zeta potential of SCE water Residual turbidity in KCE water Zeta potential of KCE water Jones: The zeta potential in crude extracts of some hibiscus plants for water treatment. Coagulant dose (mg/l) Residual turbidity in OCE water Zeta potential of OCE water Residual turbidity in SCE water Zeta potential of SCE water Residual turbidity in KCE water Zeta potential of KCE water Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March, 2018; Vol. 14(1):85-93. Keywords: coagulation; dose; mechanism; potential; treatment; turbidity; water; zeta
• Rainfall and Streamflow Dynamics in the Borno Region of the Lake Chad Basin: A Hydrological Assessment by Sanyaolu, B. O.; Ibrahim, U. A.; Alkali, A. N. (2025) - Monitoring Recent Fluctuations of the Southern Pool of Lake Chad Using Multiple Remote Sensing Data : Implications for Water Balance Analysis. From the mass curve analysis of streamflow data from River Ngadda, storage capacity required to hold surplus waters for release during critical periods when inflows fall short of demand was calculated to be 3.8 x 106m3/s. Member states of the Lake Chad basin commission have not efficiently implemented the Lake Chad water charter after its ratification in 2013which establishes the rights, obligations, duties, restrictions and procedures for the effective management of Lake Chad resources. Keywords: basin; chad; data; journal; lake; maiduguri; period; rainfall; streamflow; water; year
• Modeling Thermal Death Time (D – Value) Of Bacillus Cereus in Acha (Digitaria Exilis) Starch Flour by Adebayo, W. A.; Taiwo, K. A.; Alakija, O.; Olatunde, O. C. (2025) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s email address: adebayoadewale@ymail.com & adebayow@oauife.edu.ng 512 Table1: Interactive effect of water activity and temperature on D-value of Bacillus cereus in acha starch flour Block 1 Temperature, °C Water activity D-value, min 1 Block 1 90 0.45 2 Block 1 85 0.55 3 Block 1 80 0.45 4 Block 1 85 0.55 5 Block 1 85 0.55 6 Block 1 90 0.65 7 Block 1 80 0.65 8 Block 1 85 0.69 9 Block 1 85 0.40 10 Block 1 85 0.55 11 Block 1 77.93 0.55 12 Block 1 85 0.55 13 Block 1 92.07 0.55 2.4 Conversion of Number of microbial Survivor to CFU/g The number of colonies counted was converted to colony-forming unit per g (CFU/g) using equation 1: CFU/g = 𝑁 × 𝑑𝑓 𝑚 1 Where; log CFU/g = No of survivors; N = No. of microbial survivors; D𝑓 = dilution factor; M = mass of sample. Inability of the model to give an (Predicted R2 is not too close to the Adjusted R2 as expected, the difference < 0.03) explanation of the variance in the response suggest that it might be necessary to give consideration to other factors that are relevant to the D-value of Bacillus cereus in acha starch flour besides the two independent variables (water activity and temperature) used for the experiment. Keywords: acha; activity; bacillus; cereus; food; starch; temperature; value; water
• Integrating Bands Algorithm Estimation on Water Turbidity Variation in Hartbeespoort Dam, South Africa by Fayomi, G. U.; Onyari, E. K.; Ode, G. O.; Nkwonta, O. I. (2025) - The discharge of suspended solid in form of industrial waste discharge, sewage plants domestic wastewater, soil erosion among others exhibits high content of pollutant resulting to water turbidity (Apriwida et al., 2016). This index employed the modality measurements acquired with the use of remote sensing equipped tools to determine water turbidity (Raj, et al., 2024). Keywords: band; concentration; dam; data; et al; journal; june; landsat; ndti; nsmi; quality; turbidity; value; water
• Growth Performance Characteristics of Okra (Hibiscus esculentus) using Improvised Drip Irrigation System by Amoo, M.O. ; Adedeji, M.A. ; Oke, A.M. ; Aremu, T.E. (2018) - Performance Evaluation of Okra under Drip irrigation system. The consumptive water use of okra under Improvised Drip Irrigation system were measured and recorded. Keywords: control; idi; irrigation; okra; system; water
• Using Cloud-Based Application for Assessment of Extreme Threat of Climate Impact on Water Resources: A Case of Vaal River Catchment, South Africa by Upasana, N.; Onyari, E. K.; Fayomi, G. U.; Bodunrin, I. R. (2025) - Mapping three decades water changes in North Macedonia using remote sensing data. A CASE OF VAAL RIVER CATCHMENT, SOUTH AFRICA N. Upasana1, E. K. Onyari1, G. U. Fayomi 1* and I. R. Bodunrin 1 1 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Building Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Science Campus, Cnr Christian de Wet Road and Pioneer Avenue, Johannesburg, South Africa *Corresponding author’s email: fayomiuche@gmail.com ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Climate change impact on water resources is becoming a global challenge with persistent escalation of threating weather and changes in precipitation patterns. Keywords: change; climate; climate change; et al; journal; mndwi; precipitation; river; season; south; temperature; vaal; water
• Modeling of Rainfall-Runoff of the Yobe River Basin Using HEC-HMS by Alkali, A. N.; Dan'Azumi, S.; Ibrahim, U. A.; Sanyaolu, B. O. (2025) - Figure 3: Digital Elevation Model for Yobe River Basin Figure 4: Land Use Land Cover (LULC) Map of the Yobe River Basin http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:abdulhamidalkali.aa@unimaid.edu.ng Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, June 2025; Vol. 21(3): 748-757. Stream Ordering as a Tool for Effective River Basin Development: Examples from Komadugu –Yobe River Basin, Nigeria. Keywords: basin; calibration; data; figure; hec; hms; model; river; runoff; station; time; value; water; yobe
• Mapping and Stimulating Flash Flood in the Catchment of Jukskie River by Sithole, R.; Onyari, E. K.; Fayomi, G. U, (2025) - A combination of inadequate drainage infrastructure, growing urbanization, and erratic weather patterns brought on by climate change is making flash floods increasingly common (Mutuvhi et al., 2020). Usually, flash floods occur when precipitation surpasses the ability of the land or urban drainage systems to absorb water, resulting in abrupt and intense water surges (Baloyi et al., 2018; Lin et al., 2021). Keywords: areas; catchment; data; et al; flash; flood; journal; jukskei; rainfall; risk; river; south; urban; water
• Crop Coefficient of Tomato under Deficit Irrigation and Mulch Practices at Kano River Irrigation Project, Nigeria by Zakari, M. D. ; Audu, I. ; Igbadun, H. E. ; Nasidi, N. M. ; Ibrahim, A. ; Shitu, A. (2019) - The mode of decrease in crop water use as a result of deficit irrigation was expected since the amount of water available in the soil for plant uptake reduces with deficit irrigation (Igbadun and Oiganji, 2012). A comparison of the daily crop water use on the bases of irrigation treatment indicated that daily crop water use decreased with increase in deficit irrigation. Keywords: crop; deficit; irrigation; issn; mulch; nigeria; soil; tomato; treatments; use; values; water
• Water Quality Analysis of some Selected Hand-Dug Wells in Burutu Community, Delta State by Peretomode, Obiajulu (2019) - Water samples from wells in twelve different locations were selected and subjected to filtration prior to chemical analysis. The three sets of the tubes received 10ml, 1ml and 0.1ml of water samples using sterile pipettes. Keywords: delta; drinking; issn; quality; samples; total; values; water; wells
• Strength, Sorption and Chemical Properties of Ceiba Pentandra and Tectona Grandis Wood Composite by Adefisan, O. O. ; Oyelola, D. J. (2019) - CPS21- Polystyrene based C. pentandra composites (2:1 Mixing Ratio) * TCA21- Conventional Water Soluble Adhesive based T. grandis composites (2:1 Mixing Ratio) This work examined the strength, sorption and chemical properties of wood composites made from Ceiba pentandra and Tectona grandis. Keywords: composites; grandis; pentandra; polystyrene; properties; water; wood
• Space Technology Applications for Water Quality in Sustainable Development by Oluwafemi, F. A. ; Olubiyi, R. A. (2019) - Water quality describes water’s condition, including physical, chemical, biological and radiological-characteristics, usually with respect to its suitability for a particular purpose such as drinking, swimming and irrigation. Water quality is measured by several factors, examples of which are the dissolved-oxygen, salinity, turbidity, pH, temperature. Keywords: data; development; goal; issn; monitoring; olubiyi; oluwafemi; quality; remote; space; technology; water
• Effects of Crushed and Powdered Brick Particles on Lightweight Papercrete by Tangbo, M. U. ; Ibrahim, M. (2020) - At 28 days, Sample BAP containing crushed brick particles as fines gained 3% in strength over the Sample SP. Sample BAP (0.641 W/mK) containing crushed brick particles recorded a lower thermal conductivity than the control (0.657W/mK). Keywords: aggregate; brick; concrete; materials; papercrete; particles; samples; strength; test; water
• Vegetable Plants with Water Treatment Potential: A Review by Jones, Alfred N. (2019) - Jahn and Dirar (1979) conducted the first study using MO water extract in Sudan as was being prepared by the people for the removal of turbidity from the Nile River. In addition, having seen the potential of MO as a coagulant in water treatment, Jahn (1986) further studied the quality of water produced using MO water extract. Keywords: bean; cactus; coagulant; coagulation; et al; extract; issn; journal; luffa; moringa; oleifera; potential; protein; removal; seed; treatment; turbidity; water; water treatment
• Effect of different riser heights on sprinkler irrigation performance under constant operating pressure by Kuti, I. A. ; Ewemoje, T. A. ; Adabembe, B. A. ; Musa, J. J. ; Nwosu, S. C. (2020) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng 128 2.4 Calculation of Basic Parameters 2.4.1 Evaporation and wind drift losses In sprinkler irrigation, water losses came from the nozzle to the irrigated areas due to the wind in the form of water drift and direct evaporation from the nozzle to the soil (Molle et al., 2012). Besides, the Tukey pairwise comparisons show that riser heights 1.5 m, 2 m, 3 m and 4 m have different water trapped in the catch cans because the Means that do not share a letter are significantly different. Keywords: catch; height; irrigation; riser; sprinkler; uniformity; water
• Development of crop water production model in a rainfed tropical maize crop cultivation by Balogun, L. A. ; Ewemoje, T. A. ; Aderemi, M. A. ; Nasirudeen, A. R. ; Lasisi, D. ; Hammed, A. O. (2018) - Also followed by interaction of Onset and Cessation (11.99 kg/ha), interaction of Onset (0.469 kg/ha), interaction of Onset and Annual amount (0.07657 kg/ha), interaction of Annual amount (-0.161 kg/ha),interaction of Cessation and Annual amount (-1.202 kg/ha), interaction of Cessation (-7.256 kg/ha), interaction of Annual rain days and Annual amount ( -22.04 kg/ha), interaction of Onset and Annual rain days (- 155.42 kg/ha), interaction of Cessation and Rain days ( -221.88 kg/ha), interaction of Rain days and Annual rain days (-1613.6 kg/ha), Onset (-4309.2 kg/ha), and the least change in yield will be from annual Rain days (-35940.4 kg/ha). The data on annual maize yield (kg) was collected from the official FAO database for Nigeria and for the same number of years 24 (1990 - 2013) 2.3 Derivation of Other Parameters From the rainfall data collected, the following parameters were determined: Date(s) of onset of the rainy season (in days); Date(s) of end of the rainy season (in days); Keywords: crop; days; maize; onset; production; rainfall; study; water; yield
• Determination of water productivity of cassava in Ibadan, south western Nigeria by Aderemi, A. M. ; Ewemoje, T. A. ; Adedipe, J. O. ; Oyewo, I. O. ; Balogun, L. A. (2018) - Irrigation water requirements are particularly abundant in the works under several surfaces, crop water requirements, crop yield and evapotranspiration as influenced by water accessibility, crop water modeling and irrigation scheduling techniques. Then this consistent data and evapo-transpiration (ETo) through CROPWAT model can be utilized to estimate the contribution of rainfall towards crop water requirement to determine that how much irrigation is required to enhance the productivity. Keywords: cassava; data; dec; issn; productivity; rainfall; water; yield
• Assessment of Fufu Production Technologies in Ogun State, Nigeria by Owolarafe, O. K. ; Adetifa, B. O. ; Oyekanmi, A. C.; Lemikan, T. G.; Samuel, T. M. (2018) - This shows clearly that cassava processing into fufu is dominated by individuals. This is similar to the report of Adebayo (2009) that the households involved in cassava processing in south-west Nigeria has about 3-6 persons. Keywords: cassava; centres; fufu; issn; journal; method; nigeria; processing; processors; production; soaking; state; water
• Mathematical Modeling of a Flat Plate Solar Collector with Eutectic Salts as Phase Change Material by Isamotu, O. F. ; Musa, N. A. ; Okegbile, O. J. ; Oriaifo, M. A. ; Bakare, A. O. (2020) - Solar thermal collectors and applications. Although a lot of work has been done on solar water heater (Lin et al, 2012) the need to device a means of obtaining optimum performance of flat plate solar collector cannot be overemphaised. Keywords: change; collector; energy; heat; issn; pcm; phase; plate; solar; temperature; water
• Groundwater contamination in Damaturu, Nigeria by Umara, B.; Yaji, M. ; Fannami, A. (2004) - Guideline for drinking water quality, Vol.I Recommendations. Concrete - 0.9 0.23 Refuse dump 7 3 3 1.2 - Concrete - 0.8 0.02 - 8 3 5.9 1 1.5 - - - - Septic tank 9 17 6 1 .3 4 Cement Wood 0.3 0.25 Pit latrine 10 2 6 1.2 23 Concrete - 0.4 0.1 8 Soak-away Table 2: Some physical characteristics of water samples monitored S/No Keywords: contamination; disposal; groundwater; nigeria; water; wells
• Laboratory Evaluation of Free Overfall Equations for Predicting Water Profile Over Weir by Othman, M. K. ; Abubakar, S. Z. ; Litrico, X. ; Belaud, G. (2007) - Part of this attempt was the development of mathematical equations to predict water flow profile falling over the hydraulic structures. Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng LABORATORY EVALUATION OF FREE OVERFALL EQUATIONS FOR PREDICTINGWATER PROFILE OVERWEIR M. K. Othman1, S. Z. Abubakar1, X. Litrico2 and G. Belaud3 Abstract Laboratory evaluation of three free overfall equations for predicting water profile over hydraulic structure – weir was conducted in Irrigation laboratory of Higher National College of Agriculture of Montpellier (ENSAM) , France. Keywords: davis; equations; flow; free; overfall; profile; water; weir
• Enhancing Oil Recovery through Waterflooding by Grema, A. S. ; Mahlon, M. K. ; Kolo, A. S. ; Taura, U. H. (2020) - The Net Present Value is calculated using Equation 2 (Grema and Cao, 2016): �� � ��� ��੪t⹉ �੪�������� � ੪h� �h���� � 呅�� �呅⸰� ੪h呅��h呅�呅���� � t h �� ੪ ��� ��� where: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng mailto:a.grema@unimaid.edu.ng Grema et al.: The oil Recovery Factor (RF) is written mathematically as shown in Equation 1, (Ahmed, 2006): �� � ��� �੪呅䈍呅⸰㔰〠 � ��� �th ��� �੪呅䈍呅⸰㔰〠 ��� RF indicates the Recovery Factor, ��� �੪呅䈍呅⸰㔰〠 indicates the initial oil in the reservoir, ��� �th indicate the remaining oil in the reservoir. Keywords: case; figure; oil; production; reservoir; water; � �
• Comparative Study of Durability and Microstructure Properties of Concrete made with Different Grades of Nigerian Portland Limestone Cement by Fapohunda, C. A. ; Famodimu, B. I. ; Adigo, B. C. ; Jeje, A. S. (2020) - At 90 days of curing, the values of the rate of water absorption for concrete samples produced with grade 42.5R were lower than that produced with grade 32.5 R specimens at all the water/cement ratios. Specifically, microstructural examinations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water-based durability investigations on concrete samples would be conducted. Keywords: absorption; cement; concrete; durability; grade; issn; microstructure; specimens; water
• Design and Implementation of Internet of Things Based Irrigation System by Okandeji, A. A. ; Onaifo, F. ; Kabir, M. T. ; Yakubu, K. (2020) - A WSN is composed of a number of sensor nodes which are ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT This work considered the design and implementation of an Internet of things (IoT) based irrigation system that encourages efficient and optimal use of water management practice. Hall effect with example like; water flow sensor. Keywords: arduino; data; figure; humidity; iot; irrigation; issn; moisture; sensor; soil; system; temperature; value; water
• Performance Evaluation of Solar Oven Using Kapok Wool as Insulation Material by Abdulrahim, A. T. ; Abdulkareem, S. ; Haruna, M. ; Abdulraheem, A. S. ; Oluwole, F. A. ; Ngala, G. M. ; Mukhtar, U. A. (2020) - While a great deal has been published about solar box ovens or solar box cookers that use other materials as insulators, there is hardly any mention of one using kapok wool as insulator. The basic concept of solar oven is simply to trap and store solar energy inside a box. Keywords: box; kapok; oven; solar; temperature; water
• Evaluation of NSPRI Solar Dryers for Yam Chips Production (Elubo) by Ogunsua, J. M. ; Akomolafe, O. P. ; Oyewole, S. N. ; Ajiboye, O. ; Zubair, M. O. ; Idris, Y. D. ; Omopariola, F. M. ; Adeiza, O. A. ; Olayemi, F. F. (2020) - Table 1 shows the result of ANOVA for the effect of water temperatures (80°C, 90°C and 100°C), drying media (PSSD, STD and Control) and their interaction on drying rate. The result shows that the effect of drying system on drying rate was significant at P ≤ 0.05; while the effect of water temperature and its interaction with drying system was not significant at P ≤ 0.05. Keywords: control; drying; pssd; rate; solar; std; water; yam
• Impact of Different Fine Aggregates on the Compressive Strength of Hollow Sandcrete Blocks by Odeyemi, S.O. ; Abdulwahab, R. ; Anifowose, M. A. ; Ibrahim, R. J. (2019) - Impact of different fine aggregates on the compressive strength of hollow sandcrete blocks. Impact of different fine aggregates on the compressive strength of hollow sandcrete blocks. Keywords: aggregates; blocks; nigeria; sand; sandcrete; strength; water
• Assessment of Solar Box Cooker (SBC) with Kapok fiber insulator under Maiduguri Weather Conditions by Abdulrahim, A. T. ; Abdulkareem, S. ; Haruna, M. ; Maina, M. B. ; Abdulraheem, S. A. (2021) - The optical design of the cooker uses the concept of concentrating solar energy to achieve high temperatures; to trap the collected energy as is done in solar box cookers, and to retain high temperatures over a considerable period of time as obtained in green houses. It was noticed that the performance for solar box cooker increases as the temperature difference increases. Keywords: box; cooker; cooking; energy; figure; issn; performance; solar; temperature; water
• Decline in agricultural activity around Lake Chad: Any prospect for restoration? A Review by Alhassan, A. B. ; Chiroma, A. M. ; Kundiri, A. M. ; Bababe, B. ; Tekwa, I. J. (2021) - In recent years, farmers practicing the rainfed crop cultivation are faced with numerous challenges such as low soil productivity, low and variable rainfall brought about by climate change, environmental concerns and global market changes, which have had major local impacts on their production system organization, dynamics and viability. However, of all the threats to soils and related ecosystem functions in SSA, the most critical are soil erosion, loss of soil organic matter, soil nutrient https://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/91291/the-ups-and-downs-of-lake-chad http://www.scialert.net/asci/result.php?searchin=Keywords&cat=&ascicat=ALL&Submit=Search&keyword=developing+countries Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, June, 2021; Vol. 17(2):221-230. Keywords: agriculture; basin; chad; crop; degradation; issn; lake; lake chad; nigeria; plant; soil; water
• Development of a windmill for pumping water using positive displacement pump by Alkali, B. ; Elkanah, B. S. ; Amarem, S. G. ; Hassan, A. B. ; Gukop, N. S. ; Egbe, E. A. P. (2021) - Windmill use wind speed to turn a blade designed in a particular shape to rotate a shaft. Wind speed is high in the Northern part of Nigeria and therefore require utilization so as to reduce the use of harmful non-renewable energy sources. Keywords: blade; issn; pump; water; wind; windmill
• Mathematical prediction of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from piggery wastewater by horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland. by Udom, I. J. (2021) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: ikpeudom@aksu.edu.ng 328 Figure 5: Simulated and observed variations for nitrogen removal in constructed wetland. Where, N = nitrogen concentration (mg/l) rate of nitrogen removal from the wetland system (mgd-1) ( ) ( ) ( ) By using integrating factor, I.F ( ) ∫ ( ) ∫ Multiplying both sides of (2.2) by the integrating factor, we have ( ( )) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )dt Udom: Mathematical prediction of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from piggery wastewater by horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland. Keywords: concentration; flow; issn; model; nitrogen; nutrient; phosphorus; piggery; rate; removal; retention; treatment; wastewater; water; wetland
• Modelling Self Purification of River Benue within Makurdi. by Aho, I. M. ; Akpen , G. D. ; Aniakor, C. C. (2021) - Let “a” be the constant in self purification model taking into consideration “m” and “n” from re-aeration and de-oxygenation respectively. The hydrodynamic data were collected while re- oxygenation rate, de-oxygenation rate and self purification rate were calculated using DO and BOD at 14 different stations along the river stretch. Keywords: benue; purification; river; season; self; water; ∑ ∑
• Analysis of the Seasonal Variation in Turbidity Index in Sudan and Fresh Water Swamp Vegetation Zones, Nigeria by Muhammad, S. U. ; Solomon, W. C. ; Yahaya, D. B. ; Enaburekhan, J. S. (2021) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545- 5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: sumuhammed@nda.edu.ng 405 Table 1: Geographical locations of selected areas Station Longitude (oN) Latitude (oE) Height (m.a.s.l) Year Kano 8.53 12.05 714 1982 – 2010 Sokoto 5.25 13.02 350.75 1982 – 2010 Port-Harcourt 7.02 4.85 195.51 1982 – 2010 The Sudan Vegetations are semi-desert, with minimal rainfall, supports a mixture of grasses and acacia scrub while fresh water swamps vegetations zones are usually endemic where the most significant part of forests occur. Table 2: Sudan Vegetation zone Month Ho Hf Kt Hb ω ma δr (MJ/m2day) (MJ/m2day) (%) (cm) January 31.97 21.3 0.664 0.75 1.32 6.685 0.069 February 35.34 23.45 0.664 0.75 1.49 5.659 0.073 March 38.64 24.69 0.636 0.73 1.61 4.723 0.078 April 40.97 24.44 0.61 0.71 3.05 4.164 0.082 May 41.66 22.58 0.536 0.66 4.3 4.257 0.081 June 41.65 21.26 0.526 0.65 4.61 4.512 0.08 July 41.68 19.65 0.477 0.61 4.74 4.501 0.08 August 41.45 19.34 0.466 0.6 4.8 4.237 0.081 September 39.95 20.28 0.499 0.63 4.7 4.516 0.08 October 36.92 21.69 0.594 0.7 3.42 5.162 0.076 November 33.2 21.96 0.658 0.75 1.79 6.158 0.071 December 31.06 20.67 0.656 0.75 1.75 6.903 0.068 Mean Value 37.874 21.776 0.582 0.691 3.132 5.123 0.077 Table 3: Fresh water swamp vegetation zone Month Ho Hf Kt Hb ω ma δr (MJ/m2day) (MJ/m2day) (%) (cm) January 35.590 20.120 0.567 0.680 4.720 2.713 0.094 February 37.930 21.030 0.556 0.670 5.280 2.381 0.098 March 39.800 20.280 0.507 0.630 5.710 2.093 0.102 April 40.400 19.330 0.482 0.610 5.790 2.040 0.103 May 39.730 18.300 0.464 0.600 5.710 2.253 0.100 June 39.030 16.620 0.429 0.560 5.480 2.412 0.098 July 39.310 15.540 0.377 0.510 5.300 2.375 0.098 August 40.170 15.580 0.380 0.510 5.220 2.186 0.101 September 40.290 16.680 0.416 0.550 5.370 2.014 0.103 October 38.900 17.340 0.448 0.580 5.430 2.253 0.100 November 36.470 17.880 0.492 0.620 5.500 2.577 0.096 December 34.910 18.930 0.549 0.670 5.030 2.796 0.093 Mean Value 38.544 18.136 0.472 0.599 5.378 2.341 0.099 Keywords: fresh; issn; sudan; swamp; turbidity; values; vegetation; water; water swamp; zone
• Green roofs: an alternative for the reduction of surface runoff in the city of Recife, PE by Ribeiro de Holanda, Marco Aurélio Calixto ; Soares, Willames de Albuquerque ; Araújo de Souza, Alexandre da Câmara Lima ; Corrêa de Oliveira, Diogo Botelho (2021) - Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the reduction in the volume of water drained from the surface in cities, through the implementation of green roofs. These results show that the impact of the implementation of compensatory techniques such as green roofs significantly reduces runoff, especially in a city that is flooded. Keywords: green; prototype; recife; roof; volume; water
• Nigerian Water Resources Management – An Overview by Ibrahim, U. A. ; Alkali, A. N. ; Sanyaolu, B. O. ; Usman, B. (2022) - In 1984, with separation of Niger River Basin Development Authority into two RBDAs – such as Upper Niger River Basin Development Authority (UNRBDA) and Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority (LNRBDA), the number of RBDA became 12 and these RBDAs long continue with the operation to date (JICA, 2014). Table 3: Major Drainage Systems of Nigeria S/N Drainage system Tributaries 1 Niger River Basin Benue, Sokoto-Rima, Kaduna, Gongola, Katsina-Ala, Donga, Tarabe, Hawal and Anambra Rivers 2 Lake Chad Inland Kano, Hadejia, Jama’are, Misau, Komadugu-Yobe, Yedseram and Ebeji Rivers 3 Atlantic (East of the Niger) Cross River, Imo, Qua-Iboe and Kwa Rivers 4 Atlantic (West of the Niger) Ogun, Oshun, Owena and Benin Rivers There are two major rivers in Nigeria, namely; Rivers Niger and Benue. Keywords: authority; basin; country; development; groundwater; management; nigeria; resources; river; water
• Potential of Jesse Clay as Drilling Mud by Otitigbe , F. E. (2022) - The fear of encountered formation pressure is conquered by the use of drilling fluid (drilling mud). Thus, the clay is continually being imported either as raw or as the mixture called drilling mud (Kaffayalullah et al., 2021). Keywords: clay; drilling; drilling mud; foreign; issn; local; mud; sand; water
• Drag Reduction with Polymer Mixtures in Pipes of Different Diameters by Gimba , M. M; Edomwonyi-Otu, L. C. ; Yusuf, N. ; Abubakar, A. (2019) - Ahmad et al., (2009) investigated the effect of Okra mucilage on DR in different size of pipes (0.015 and 0.025 m ID) in turbulent water flow. Synergistic effect of polymer-polymer mixtures as drag reducing agents in turbulent water flows. Keywords: avm; diameter; drag; flow; oil; pipe; water
• Assessing the Potentials of a Plant-Based Coagulant (Cyperus Esculentus Pulp) as alternative to Alum in Conventional Water Treatment Process by Akuboh, D. O. ; Saidu, M. ; Abdulkareem, A. S. ; Busari, A. O. (2022) - Therefore, it is of important to find a natural alternative for water coagulant to treat the turbidity. It was clear that 80% alum and 20% Cyperus esculentus coagulant produced the optimum jar with turbidity of 6.40 NTU and colour of 71 Pt.Co at a temperature of 28.0oC. 3.4. Keywords: alum; coagulant; colour; cyperus; esculentus; issn; plant; quality; removal; treatment; turbidity; water
• Development of a water air-conditioner for the semi- arid region of Nigeria by Aji, I. S.; Balami, A. A. ; Abdulrahim, A. T. (2007) - Introduction The natural process of lowering air temperature is by adding moisture (Dossat, 1990). Air conditioning has its origin in the fundamental works done by Robert Boyle, Carnot and others in the 17th century and towards the beginning of the 18th century. Keywords: air; conditioner; room; temperature; water
• Development of a Model for optimum saturation efficiency of an evaporative cooling system by Dzivama, A. U.; Igbeka, J. C. (2007) - Abstract The performance efficiency of an evaporative cooling system (fan and pad) under varied levels of parameters (water flow rate, pad thickness and air velocity) was evaluated using a 3-factor statistical design. RETURN PIPE OVERHEAD TANK CONTROL VALVE TRAY The Study involved interactive effects of water flow rate, pad thickness and air velocity on the saturation efficiency of the cooler. Keywords: air; cooler; efficiency; pad; saturation; water
• A technical assessment of water supply quality in three local government areas of Lagos State, Nigeria by Ogedengbe, K.; Ilupeju, S. A. (2008) - The study was carried out to assess the technical problems associated with the sources, quality and quantity of drinking water supplies in Agege, Ifako/Ijaiye and Alimosho Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Lagos State, Nigeria. Introduction Despite huge amount of money that was invested in water supply during the United Nations International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD, 1981-1990), over 2.4 billion people still do not have access to good quality water. Keywords: areas; nil; samples; sources; supply; water
• Review of Sustainable Productivity of Dryland Farming Systems Through Furrow Diking by Chiroma, A. M.; Kundiri, A. M.; Ibrahim, A. (2008) - Soil water and temperatures within the ridge-tillage system were simulated with a heat and moisture model (Benjamin et al., 1990). AZOJETE Vol. 6 2008 57 The results of the cost benefit analysis indicate that even though ridging (open or tied) in combination with mulching was found to be effective in increasing soil water storage, yield and water use efficiency of sorghum in all the four experimental years, higher production cost limited the profitable application of the ridge tillage systems under the edapho-climatic conditions of Maiduguri, northeast Nigeria. Keywords: crop; diking; furrow; rainfall; ridge; soil; tillage; water; yield
• Optimum paste temperature for oil extraction using IAR motorised kneader by Gyuse, E. T.; Yiljep, Y. D. (2008) - According to Adeeko and Ajibola (1990), groundnut oil extraction is affected by factors such as paste temperature, speed of the oil extraction machine, temperature of water used, atmospheric temperature, machine processing time, feed rate, amount of water used, particle size of oil seeds and moisture content of oil seed. Abstract An experiment to determine optimum paste temperature for oil extraction using the Institute for Agricultural Research (IAR) motorised kneader was conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Department of Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, in 2002. Keywords: extraction; kneader; oil; paste; temperature; water
• Effect of Magnetic Treatment of Water on Evapotranspiration of Tomato by Yusuf, K. O. ; Ogunlela, A. O. (2017) - The interactive effects of water magnetic treatment and deficit irrigation on plant productivity and water use efficiency of corn (Zea mays L.) Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 42:164-179. The result of the evapotranspiration due to mass of water lost from the buckets containing tomato plants irrigated with magnetic water were all higher than the values of evapotranspiration from non-magnetic water. Keywords: evapotranspiration; issn; plant; tomato; treatment; water
• Effects of Differently Treated Cassava Flours Blended with Bambara Groundnut Flour on the Bread Making Potential of Two Nigerian Wheat Cultivars by Agbara, G. I. ; Babagana, B. (2022) - Addition of dry heat treated CF to wheat flour (25:75) produced bread with overall quality comparable to wheat bread. As for wheat flour and the flour blends, they varied respectively: K 84.04-140.56, Ca 20.29-38.79, Mg 17 51-32.32, Fe 2.26-4.91 and Zn 1.40-2.59 (mg/100g) greater in the blends. Keywords: blends; bread; cassava; cassava flour; content; et al; flour; food; issn; journal; norman; oven; starch; water; wheat; wheat bread; wheat flour
• Evaluating the Effect of Temperature and Prolong Storage on Hibiscus Cannabinus (kenaf) Extracts in Drinking Water Treatment by Jones, A. N. ; Kurna , B. B. ; Ibrahim, U. A. (2023) - The raw seeds were tested on low turbid water because natural coagulants are poor in coagulating low turbidity water (Muyibi and Okuofu, 1995). The results revealed that, water sample which had been treated with the heated KCE at 140ºC for 2 hours achieved the highest turbidity reduction of approximately 99% with 60 mg/l dose while the 60 and 97°C treated extracts achieved 98 and 97% performance with a reduced dose of 40 mg/l respectively. Keywords: extracts; issn; kce; kenaf; performance; seed; treatment; turbidity; water
• Pattern of Residential Water Demand Analysis for Maiduguri Metropolis, North-Eastern Nigeria by Abdullah, A. ; Ibn Abubakar, B. S. U. ; Jones, A. N. (2019) - Presently, only 42% of household water demand is met by the water utility provider at approximately 422 L/day. In addition, it was found that, gender, education, household size and income were statistically significant predictors of water demand. Keywords: demand; household; issn; maiduguri; nigeria; respondents; study; supply; water; water demand
• Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes using Water Quality Index, in Keffi Central Town of Nasarawa State by Sodangi, A. A. ; Akinyeye, O. J. ; Esuabanga , W. E. ; Nwafor, C. O. (2023) - Calculating water quality index (WQI) as follows (Fadhil et al., 2013): Water quality index is given as: (4) The frequency of monitoring and assessment of water quality helps to develop management strategies to control groundwater pollution (Yao et al., 2010). Keywords: central; drinking; groundwater; index; issn; l l; nigeria; parameters; quality; values; water; water quality
• Assessment of PAHs in Borehole Water from the Vicinity of the Delta Steel Company, Warri, Delta State, Nigeria by Peretomode, O. V. ; Eyenubo , O. B. (2023) - This is because, as a result of urbanization and industrialization, there has been an increase in the exploration and exploitation of natural resources, which has resulted in the release of several organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are found in coal, wood, gasoline, volcanic activities, and the burning of wastes in the environment (Halek, et al., 2006; Maliszewska-Kordybach, et al., 2009) Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: obipere@gmail.com 391 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE ASSESSMENT OF PAHs IN BOREHOLE WATER FROM THE VICINITY OF THE DELTA STEEL COMPANY, WARRI, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA O. V. Peretomode, O. B. Eyenubo Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria *Corresponding author’s email address: obipere@gmail.com 1.0 Introduction Environmental pollution has long been a topic of discussion globally as a result of its impact on humans and the environment (Wang et al., 2019). Keywords: borehole; delta; et al; hydrocarbons; issn; nigeria; pahs; polycyclic; water
• Partitioning nutrients cycling in a constructed subsurface wetland treating piggery wastewater for pollution control by Udom, I. J. (2023) - CW water column concentration changed correspondingly from 24.78 ±2.27 mg/l to 20.87±1.92mg/l, 18.0±1.65mg/l, 17.56±1.61mg/l, 17.59±1.61 and 16.93±1.55mg/l respectively, after six days of retention in the CW. In Figure 2, the linearity of water column retention of nutrients approached a balance after 3HDT to a much less rate of decrease determined by the growing plant compartment. Keywords: column; concentration; hdt; issn; nitrogen; nutrient; phosphorus; plants; removal; sediment; wastewater; water; wetland
• Effect of Water Stress on Yield and Water Productivity of Drip Irrigated Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in Ibadan, Nigeria by Awoyode, A. F. ; Ewemoje, T. A.; Adeboye, O. B. (2023) - The varieties and water regimes were applied and the treatment was arranged using a Latin Square design with four replications. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out on tuber, stem and leaf productivities, with water regimes serving as treatment and cassava varieties as blocks. Keywords: cassava; irrigation; issn; productivity; regime; stem; tms; tuber; water; yield
• Application of Stearic Acid for Solar Thermal Energy Storage in a Double Compartment Solar Box Cooker by Maina, M. B. ; Shodiya, S. ; Abdulrahim, A. T. (2019) - 3: performance curve of double compartment solar box cooker under Stagnation Temperature condition 3.2 Water boiling Test (Load Test) Variation in solar radiation, ambient temperature, plate temperature and water temperature during sensible heating test of 3.0kg of water for compartment 1 and 2.5kg of water for compartment 2 are shown in figure 4.The experiment was carried out on the 10th of June 2017 at the University of Maiduguri Engineering teaching workshop, Periodic overcast of weather caused fluctuation in the solar radiation, Folaranmi (2013). It is also an approach or solution for bridging the gap between solar energy availability and demand, specifically reducing the increasingenergy cost and scarcity for cooking purposes in the study area (Maiduguri).The use of solar box cooker is not popular among the dwellers in Maiduguri and environs. Keywords: box; compartment; cooker; energy; solar; storage; temperature; test; water
• Evaluation of on-Farm Drainage System in Nigeria: A Review by Otuaro, E. A. ; Adewumi, J. K. (2024) - The performance and behaviour of land drainage systems and their impact on field scale hydrology in an increasingly volatile climate. Drainage systems help to increase crop yield of poorly drained soils by providing a better environment for plant growth, especially during wet periods, and improving field conditions for timely tillage, planting, and harvesting. Keywords: drainage; farm; nigeria; soil; surface; system; water
• Crop Water use of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) under Deficit Irrigation in a Controlled Environment by Otuaro, E. A. ; Adewumi, J. K. (2024) - Due to the problems associated with the annual supply of irrigation water, deficit irrigation management for different crops is necessary (Martin et al., 1989). Deficit irrigation maximises water use efficiency for higher yields per unit of irrigation water applied. Keywords: cowpea; deficit; evapotranspiration; irrigation; treatment; water; yield
• Compressive Strength and Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete Cube Using Magnetized Water by Adiama, M. M.; Yusuf, K. O.; Yusuf, A. K.; Moshood, M. A.; Sanusi, H. O. (2024) - MW is also called magnetic water or magnetically treated water and it has a better property than the ordinary water. Shynier et al. (2012) also stated that magnetic water that was used for mixing the concrete improved the compressive strength of the concrete by 10 - 22 N/mm2. Keywords: concrete; cube; strength; table; tensile; treatment; water
• Development of a Pipe Leakage Detection with Simulated Acoustic Model for Water Distribution System by Arowolo, M. O.; Adekunle, A. A.; Olaniyan, O. M.; Fadiji, E. A.; Oginni, T. O. (2025) - ABSTRACT The paper presents a method for detecting pipe leakage in a water distribution system using a simulated acoustic model. The study demonstrates the importance of detecting pipe leakage in water distribution systems using a simulated acoustic model in rural areas, developing countries, and small and medium-sized industries. Keywords: detection; figure; flow; leakage; pipe; pressure; system; time; water
• Development of Plaster of Paris (Pop) From Gypsum Deposits of Fune - Yobe State, Nigeria by Calcination Process by Maiva, E. S.; Aji, I. S.; Mshelia, Z. A. (2025) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s email address: esmaiva@gmail.com 839 Figure 2: Gypsum samples from deposit site To produce good samples of gypsum that would be further processed, impurities were thoroughly cleared and cleaned from the samples. Also, the compressive strength of the produced POP was higher than that of the POPm which indicates that Fune POP had better compressive strength and can replace the POPm. Keywords: fune; gypsum; mix; pop; porosity; ratio; samples; strength; water

• Towards Sustainable Economy: The Role of E-Procurement Implementation in the Delivery of Public Projects in Nigeria by Yahaya, M. L.; Babalola, A. J.; Abubakar, M. J.; Sani, M. (2025) - In addition, E-Procurement has an advantage of gaining through improved work processes, efficient information sharing and reuse, better returns on investment, strategic partnerships, availability of project information management strategy, improving build ability and whole life costs with the supply chain, as well as public and private initiatives, is the main driver behind the e-Procurement environment. The study concludes that integrating technology approaches into the procurement policies relating to public procurement will enhance sustainable procurement and economy through legislative and government support in the area. Keywords: construction; factors; implementation; journal; lack; management; nigeria; procurement; study; technology; tendering
• Barriers to Adoption of Construction 4.0 for Circular Economy: A Qualitative Approach by Soyingbe, A. A.; Jago, A. C. (2025) - Additionally, the lack of regulatory frameworks and insufficient incentives further impede the industry's ability to transition to circular construction practices. This reluctance to embrace innovation slows down the transition towards more circular approaches, such as recycling construction materials and minimizing waste. Keywords: adoption; barriers; construction; construction industry; economy; industry; journal; nigeria; technologies; technology
• Modeling and Simulation of a Solar Farm Using Homer Pro Software for University of Maiduguri Senate Complex by Hamidu, M. M.; El-jummah, A. M.; Shuwa, M. (2025) - Akinwale et al. (2022) explored the economic viability of solar energy systems in Nigerian universities, demonstrating that solar power could offer long-term cost savings while reducing dependence on the grid. This analysis of solar radiation data provides a foundation for understanding the available solar energy at the site, which is crucial for the design and optimization of solar energy systems. Keywords: complex; energy; homer; maiduguri; nigeria; power; senate; solar; system
• Spatial Assessment of Aquifer Vulnerability Using Dar Zarrouck Parameters in Idunmwowina, Edo State, Nigeria by Ojeaga, K.; Ehinlaiye, A. O. (2025) - It is essential to maintaining ecosystem services, economic growth, and human health (Wang et al., 2018; Gleeson et al., 2016). Although, groundwater potential and aquifer susceptibilities studies have been conducted in basement complexes and sedimentary basins (Akinseye et al., 2023; Eyankware et al., 2022) and Eyankware and Aleke (2021) utilizing geophysical techniques, the appraisal of groundwater potential and the vulnerability of aquifers to contaminants in the Benin Formation has not yet taken centre stage. Keywords: aquifer; area; conductance; groundwater; journal; nigeria; parameters; study; transmissivity; values; ves
• A New Formula for Groundwater Recharge Estimation in Yola, Nigeria by Umaru, A. B. ; Lukman, S. ; Oke, I. A. ; Umara, B. G. (2019) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: ababayi234@yahoo.com 854 Figure 3: Estimated groundwater Recharge using Various Numerical formulae 3.2.1 Estimated Groundwater Recharges Figure 3 presents the statistical summary of groundwater recharges estimated using the new numerical formula and formulae that are in use for all the locations. The value indicates that the new numerical equation for estimating groundwater recharge can be expressed as follows: Keywords: et al; formula; groundwater; groundwater recharge; issn; new; nigeria; rainfall; recharge
• Project Managers' Perceptions on Barriers to Effective Stakeholder Management (ESM) in Multifarious Infrastructure Projects (MIPs) Delivery in Nigeria by Zarewa, G. A. (2019) - The authors added that a client must be the starting point for understanding the priorities and interests of project stakeholders without which ESM will not be possible. Project stakeholder management. Keywords: barriers; delivery; esm; failure; issn; management; managers; mips; mips delivery; nigeria; project; stakeholders; study
• Evaluation of Soil Samples in Abeokuta-South Local Government Area of Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria by Bello, A. A. ; Oriaje, A. T. (2019) - Table 6: CBR and Unconfined Compressive Strength of soil samples Sample No. CBR (%) UCS (kN/m2) SP WAS MP SP WAS MP A1 19.20 25.3 63.50 200 580 870 A2 9.70 13.3 45.70 144 180 350 A3 9.2 12.7 28.50 120 440 550 A4 8.3 9.70 33.40 117 305 240 A5 5.0 7.0 9.0 88 152 210 A6 17.50 21.3 55.4 102 200 480 A7 7.5 11.5 25.9 195 490 770 A8 24.50 29.0 71.5 248 640 910 Attempts were made to improve the strength properties of other soil samples that failed to meet the minimum requirement for subgrade materials with ordinary Portland cement to stabilize the soils. 2.4.2 Sieve analysis (Wet sieving) Soil sample of approximately 1000g (1kg) was used for this test; it was soaked for 24 hours, washed and oven dried. Keywords: cement; content; government; issn; moisture; nigeria; samples; soil; standard
• Organic Matter and Heavy Metals Leachate Effect on Soils of Selected Dumpsites in Selected North Central States of Nigeria by Musa, J. J. ; Bala, J. D. ; Mustapha, H. I. ; Musa, E. T. ; Akos, M. P. ; Yerima, Y. I. ; Daniel, E. S. (2020) - Long-term effect of municipalsolid waste amendment on soil heavy metal content of sites used for periurban agriculture in Ngaoundere, Cameroon African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2(12): 412-421. The values of Cu content found in this study are higher as compared to results for dumpsites soils reported by Olufunmilayo et al. (2014) but below the permissible limits for countries like Australia (100 mg/kg), Canada (100 mg/kg), Poland (100 mg/kg), Japan (125 mg/kg), Great Britain (100 mg/kg) and Germany (50 mg/kg) as reported by Pam et al. (2003). Keywords: depth; dumpsites; et al; issn; journal; metals; nigeria; results; soil; study
• A Review of Biofuels Research in Nigeria by Odetoye, T. E. ; Ajala, E. O. ; Ogunniyi, D. S. (2019) - Rural-urban migration of the youths will also be minimized since agricultural sector will be enhanced and the rural youth will be involved in biofuel feedstock production. In fact, industrialization of bioenergy production in Nigeria can be a means of improving the economic status of farmers due to increased income realized from biofuel feedstock production. Keywords: biodiesel; biofuel; biomass; energy; et al; feedstock; issn; nigeria; oil; production; research
• Viability of solar photovoltaic system for rural electrification in Nigeria by Alkali, A.B.; Abdulrahim, A.T. ; Mustapha, B.M. (2004) - Adegoke and Akintunde (2000) reported that solar energy was being tapped from various locations in the country. 2. Solar energy and its application Solar PV system utilizes the radiant energy of the sun to produce electrical energy. Keywords: energy; nigeria; solar; system; total
• Groundwater Modelling with Limited Data: A Case Study of Yobe River Basin, North East Nigeria by Hassan, M.; Carter, R.C. ; Rushton, K.R. (2004) - 1.1 Study area and background The area under study is located in the semi-arid zone of north-east Nigeria (Figure 1), which is characterised by low rainfall and reduced river flow. It uses a block-centred finite difference approach to solve the three-dimensional equations for groundwater flow in porous media. Keywords: aquifer; data; figure; flow; groundwater; model; nigeria; river
• Evaluation of the Accessibility of Public Transport Facilities by Physically Challenged Commuters in Ilorin Town, Nigeria by Jirgba, K. ; Adeleke, O. O. ; Adeke, P. T. (2020) - According to the Department for International Development – (DFID, 2005) and World Health Organization-WHO as stated in Lang and Upah (2008), physically challenged people ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Following the persistent outcry of disabled persons over non accessibility to public transport facilities in Ilorin town, Nigeria, this study examined the plight of physically challenged commuters in accessing public transport facilities in the town. Questionnaires were administered to 201 disabled commuters who use public transport facilities in the study area. Keywords: accessibility; commuters; disability; facilities; figure; ilorin; issn; nigeria; persons; road; town; transport
• Nutritional and Quality Assessment of some Irrigated Wheat Genotypes in Nigeria by Abubakar, F. ; Zigla, A. (2021) - Quality wheat flour is of prime importance to the baking industry, which depends largely on the amount of protein and quality of gluten. Wheat flour with large amount of protein and high quality gluten is used for normal bread, whereas that with lower amount of protein is mostly used for confectionary or cakes (Caballero et al., 2007). Keywords: baking; bread; flour; genotypes; gluten; grain; issn; nigeria; quality; wheat
• Systematic Layout Planning Approach in Process Layout Design for Processing Dehydrated Tomatoes by Abdulhakeem, N. H. ; Muhammad, I. D. ; Dagwa, I. M. (2021) - Investment opportunities in tomato processing in kano, Northern Nigeria. The design approach was used to serve as an improvement layout and also as a new design for processing of dehydrated tomato plant, with estimated 5% material losses during processing, average temperature for dehydration as 65oC, plant production time of 748.99 minutes/day, a throughput capacity of 10 tons/day is achievable. Keywords: design; issn; layout; nigeria; planning; plant; processing; production; tomatoes
• Sensitivities of some Reference Evapotranspiration Models to the Key Climatic Variables in Northeastern Nigeria by Dibal, J. M. ; Bashir, A. U. ; Haruna, M. M. ; Abubakar, N. A. (2021) - However, in Jensen- Haise model, the VPD was found to be more fundamental. 92 Sensitivity analysis (S.A.) is technique involving series of computational procedures that project the performance or the outcome of models as affected by changes in the assumptions or the values of the input variables of a model (Ambas and Baltas, 2011). Keywords: analysis; eto; evapotranspiration; issn; model; nigeria; sensitivity; tmean; variables; zone
• Solid Waste Generation and Characterization in Ilorin, Nigeria by Mokuolu, O. A. ; Iji, J. O. ; Aremu, S. A. (2021) - Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: iji.jo@unilorin.edu.ng 279 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE SOLID WASTE GENERATION AND CHARACTERIZATION IN ILORIN, NIGERIA O. A. Mokuolu, J. O. Iji* and S. A. Aremu Department of water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria *Corresponding author’s email address: iji.jo@unilorin.edu.ng 1.0 Introduction Increase in the global population and rising demand for food and other essentials, has caused a rise in the amount of solid waste generated daily at household level. Solid wastes can be defined as non-liquid and nongaseous products of human activities, regarded as being useless (Mungure, 2008; Babayemi and Dauda 2009). Keywords: content; generation; issn; management; nigeria; study; waste; weight
• An Assessment of some of the Poisonous Plant Species to Animals found in Delta State, Nigeria by Erhenhi, A.H. ; Lemy, E.E. (2019) - Prevention of loss from poisonous plants in general is a problem of range and livestock management (Pfister et al., 2002). ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: aherhenhi@delsu.edu.ng 729 Table 1: Qualitative phytochemical constituents of poisonous plants to animals Phytochemicals D. tri pe ta la C. ni tid a D. m ar gi na ta C. m elo P. am er ica na T. ca ta pp a M .e Keywords: + +; animals; delta; glycoside; issn; nigeria; plants; presence; state
• Computer hazard: A potential impediment to the growth of ICT in Nigeria by Abdulfattah, A. A.; Rakiya, A. M.; Abdulfattah, B. M. (2008) - Types of electromagnetic radiation There are two types of electromagnetic emissions as applied to computer monitor: these are extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF). Data collected in the two tertiary institutions and business centres mentioned above Computer hazard: a potential impediment to the growth of ICT in Nigeria 24 confirmed our observation that most monitors in the tertiary institutions meant for learning purposes are CRT high emission (vertically and horizontally curved surface) types, though gradually been replaced with low emission (horizontally curved but vertically flat) types and all the ones in use by the business centres are CRT high emission types. Keywords: computer; crt; electromagnetic; emission; ict; monitor; nigeria; surface; tube
• Constituent Composition of Harmattan Dust and its Influence on Properties of Fadama Soils in Semi-Arid Region, North East Nigeria by Kundiri, A. M.; Alhassan, A. B.; Audu, I. (2008) - The annual addition of the harmattan dust has the potential of improving the nutrient contents of fadama soils. This study shows that harmattan dust is an important soil-forming factor in fadama soil pedogenesis and represents a significant natural process in the fluvial ecosystems. Keywords: brown; clay; deposition; dust; fadama; harmattan; nigeria; soils; surface
• Comparative analyses of locally developed and imported votex rice thresher by Dauda, S. M.; Dzivama, A. U. (2008) - The efforts to discover and make optimal and effective use of locally developed rice thresher as substitute for imported rice threshers form the focus of this paper. The inventory of imported rice threshers by make in Niger State, Nigeria was reported by Chukwu (2002), which shows that the most common is Votex rice fan thresher (representing 62.79% of total number available). Keywords: fan; grain; nigeria; rice; thresher; votex
• Evaluation of the Impacts of Boko Haram Activities on the Patronage of Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi State, Nigeria by Ukah, C. ; Adeniyi , T. F. ; Okonkwo, C. U. (2023) - The study has shown that Boko Haram activities have affected tourist patronage of Yankari Game Reserve. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of Boko Haram activities on the patronage of Yankari Game Reserve with the objectives to examine tourists’ perception on the effect of Boko Haram activities on patronage as well as assessing the staff’s perception on the effect of Boko Haram activities on patronage of Yankari Game Reserve. Keywords: activities; boko; boko haram; game; game reserve; haram; issn; nigeria; patronage; reserve; tourism; tourists; yankari
• Impacts of Climate Change on the Yeild of some Selected Root Crops in Enugu State, South Eastern Nigeria by Orakwe, L. C. ; Okoro, A. C. ; Nwachukwu, C. P. ; Ugwu, E. I. (2023) - Crop yields of cocoyam, yam and cassava were also significantly different at p<0.05. The regression of combined climatic factors and crop yields from 2001 to 2020 showed that coefficient of determination (R2) recorded for cocoyam and yam yield as 0.59 and 0.34 respectively, cassava recorded a very poor correlation of 0.09. Keywords: change; climate; cocoyam; nigeria; temperature; yield
• Socio-Economic Characteristics of Residents in Correlation to Groundwater Source in Ikenne Local Government Area, Ogun State, Nigeria by Adewunmi, A. A.; Akinpelu, O. P. (2023) - In addition, findings of Shewayinet et al. (2021) showed that educational status and source of income of the household head significantly determine the type of water source to be used. This might be responsible for why most urban dwellers device convenient means of water source through groundwater, such as well and boreholes. Keywords: area; government; groundwater; iperu; issn; nigeria; residents; respondents; source; status; study; ward
• Analysis of Rainfall Trend in Benin and Warri Cities of Southern Nigeria by Emeka-Chris , C. C. (2023) - These include determination of the mean annual rainfall depths, standard deviation of the yearly rainfall depths, coefficient of skewness of annual rainfall depths, coefficient of variation, standard anomaly index of the annual rainfall depths and graphical plots for each city. The kurtosis value was 4.13, so the distribution of Annual rainfall depth had heavier tails and it was noted to be a leptokurtic distribution. Keywords: benin; depth; index; issn; mean; nigeria; rainfall; trend; warri; years
• Evaluation of Solar Chimney Power Plant in Semi-Arid Region of Nigeria by Ngala, G. M.; Oumarou, M. B.; Mohammad, A. B.; Shuwa, M. (2015) - Parameters Value Parameters Value Chimney height 700 m Collector efficiency (ηc) 0.65 Chimney diameter 10 m Solar radiation (q) 800 W/m 2 Collector diameter 700 m Ambient temperature 35 o C Turbine efficiency (ηt) 0.8 Distance from ground to collector cover 2.5 m Figure 2: Effect of solar radiation on solar chimney power plant power output 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 0 500 1000 1500 P o w e r (W x1 0 9 ) Solar rad. Evaluation of solar chimney power plant in semi-arid region of Nigeria. Keywords: arid; chimney; collector; energy; nigeria; performance; plant; power; radiation; region; solar
• Technological Capability of Selected Palm Oil Mills in Nigeria by Owolarafe, K.; Ogunsina, B. S.; Obayopo, S. O.; Morakinyo, T. A ; Binuyo, G. O.; Okorie, V. O.; Falana, O. B.; Owolabi, I. A.; Badmus, G. A.; Olaoye, I. O. (2024) - Modern mill technology and centralized processing system, an alternative for improving performance of palm oil mills in Abia State, Nigeria. It is expected that, more than four million participants/actors in the palm oil industry will be productive in line with the new focus of producing SPO and serve the food and agro-allied industries appropriately 4 Conclusion An appraisal of selected palm oil mills carried out in this study indicates that privately-owned mills function effectively and efficiently more than the public mills at all the scales of production considered. Keywords: capacity; company; issn; mills; nigeria; oil; palm; palm oil; processing; production; scale; spo
• Performance and Economic Analysis of Kainji Hydropower Plant in Nigeria by Okakwu, I. K. ; Alayande, A. S. ; Olabode, O. E. (2019) - Performance analysis of thermal power station: Case study of Egbin Power station Nigeria. A Hybrid Search algorithm for midterm optimal scheduling of thermal power plant. Keywords: energy; issn; nigeria; performance; plant; power; station
• Influence of Agroforestry Technology Adoption on Poverty Reduction Among Farming Households in Okunland of Kogi State, Nigeria by Oke, D. O.; Adisa, S. A.; Obafunsho, E. O.; Ojedokun, C. A. ; Oyetoki, A. O. (2024) - In order to determine if the adoption of agroforestry technology had significant impact on alleviating poverty among farming households in the study area, the FGT technique was adopted to construct poverty line. Results from this therefore showed that the farming households who adopted and practiced agroforestry technology had a better livelihood when compared to those that failed to adopt the technology. Keywords: adopters; adoption; agroforestry; farming; households; nigeria; poverty; state; study; technology
• Measurement of Background Ionizing Radiation Level and Dose Risk Around Nigeria’s First Oil Well, Otuabagi, Oloibiri Clan, Bayelsa State, South-South, Nigeria by Biere, P. E.; Ogobiri, G. E.; Meindinyo, R. O. K.; James, J.; Abule, E.; Emumejaye, K. (2024) - (Ugwuanyi et al., 2021). The region is typified by lowlands and gentle undulating coastal plains, as well as sandbars, taidal basins, mud flats, and swamps (Ononugbo et al., 2015). Keywords: average; background; dose; journal; mean; nigeria; oil; radiation
• Evaluation of Noise Levels in an Urban Market, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria by Makwe, E.; Uka, C.; John-Nwagwu, H. O. (2025) - There is also the need to educate the general public about the dangers of long-term exposure to high noise level and also have periodic assessment of the health status of the traders who are daily exposed to high noise levels in Gwagwalada market. Persistent exposure to high noise level, as is the case in most urban markets is injurious to health (Mucci et al., 2020; Tunde and Abdulquadri, 2021; Ijabor et al., 2024). Keywords: days; gwagwalada; health; journal; level; market; market days; nigeria; noise; noise level; pcc; pollution

• Harnessing The Sun's Potential: An Arduino-Based System for Optimized Energy Management in PV Systems by Akhinbohun, S.; Alli, F. K.; Omosigho, M. (2025) - These results are in agreement with Al-Hassan et al. (2018), who found that precise control mechanisms are vital for the optimal performance of renewable energy systems. High-efficiency and high-power- density DC-DC converters for renewable energy systems: A review. Keywords: arduino; energy; load; microcontroller; power; source; system; threshold; voltage
• Evaluation of Municipal Solid Wastes Characteristics Towards Electricity Generation in Maiduguri Metropolis by Tela, B. M.; Oumarou, M. B.; Ngala, G. M.; Eljummah, A. M. (2025) - ABSTRACT This paper evaluates the characteristics of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Maiduguri metropolis for its potential use in electricity generation. The amount of waste generated and the growing concern over health (Hamer, 2003) and environmental problems (Yang et al., 2019) related to improper waste disposal methods such as uncontrolled and crude landfilling has risen to an unacceptable point where transformation technologies and techniques are to be thought of power generating technology using municipal solid waste (MSW) as fueling resource requires that the mechanism of performance is investigated to devise ways of optimization. Keywords: analysis; area; calorific; energy; generation; journal; maiduguri; msw; sample; solid; waste
• Modeling a Solar-Powered IoT Smart Home by Raji, A.; Adunola, F. O.; Airoboman, A. E. (2025) - Arduino microcontrollers have become popular building blocks for home automation systems due to their versatility, ease of use, and low cost. However, they noted that their system did not consider the home surroundings, highlighting the importance of integrating environmental sensors and feedback mechanisms in home automation systems. Keywords: arduino; automation; control; devices; energy; esp8266; home; home automation; iot; journal; smart; solar; system; technology
• Energy Storage: The Key to Reliable Renewable Energy Grids by Ukagu, S. N.; Atu, M. O.; Onyegbadue, I. A. (2025) - Received: 23rd February 2025 Revised: 9th April 2025 Accepted: 29th May 2025 Keywords: Energy storage systems (ESS) 2. Materials and Method This study utilized a comprehensive modelling approach to assess the integration of energy storage systems within power grids. Keywords: battery; energy; energy storage; ess; grid; integration; journal; power; simulation; storage; systems
• Improved Energy-Based Efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks by Barde, S. Y.; Abubakar, Z. M.; Bello-Salau, H.; Hassan, R.; Abubakar, B.; Abdulrazaq, M. B. (2025) - Various researchers have examined some strategies to lower nodes energy consumption (Shah et al, 2023; Harb et al., 2024), among which includes cluster formation strategies. 1.0 Introduction Underwater wireless sensor network (UWSN) is a network of sensor nodes equipped with non-rechargeable and replaceable batteries, antenna, and processing unit deployed underwater for data collection and environmental monitoring (Luo et al, 2021; Chaurasiyya et al, 2022). Keywords: ceer; energy; ieberp; nbeer; nodes; protocol; tec; underwater; uwsn
• Predictive Modeling and Simulation of Battery Degradation in Power Systems by Gana, M. A.; Warude, A. A.; Bukar, A. (2025) - Despite these advancements, battery degradation poses a serious challenge. 2. Materials and Method This study employed a combination of computational tools, publicly available datasets, and modeling frameworks to simulate battery degradation in power systems, focusing on lithium-based batteries. Keywords: batteries; battery; capacity; degradation; energy; lithium; model; power; systems
• Biogas Production Using a Mixture of Avocado Seeds and Cassava Peels Blended with Cow Dung by Adeleke, A. E.; Anjuwon, E. E.; Giwa, S. O. (2025) - Therefore, Biogas production would not only provide an alternative source of energy but would also aid in farmland and marketplaces' waste management. Biogas production through anaerobic reaction involves four basic reactions, which are hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis (Daniel et al., 2023; Koley et al., 2023). Keywords: biodigester; biogas; cassava; cow; dung; energy; methane; peels; production
• Performance Evaluation of Tracking and Non-Tracking PV Systems in Scotland, UK by Kajiama, F. M. ; Ngala, G. M. ; Abdulkadir, M. ; Fruh, W. G. (2019) - Applying single axis tracking system to fixed panels (Chang, 2009a) observed that using single axis tracking in Taiwan for assessing photovoltaic performance; an improvement of 19% was achieved. Identical panels in Germany were tested side by side and higher Energy of about 118% and 130% was obtained with one axis azimuth tracking and dual axis tracking panels, respectively, than fixed slope panels (Helwa et al., 2000). Keywords: angle; axis; energy; fixed; panel; radiation; solar; tracking
• Internet of Things (IoT) Cloud Based Model for Low Cost Demand Side Management Infrastructure by Oyetola, O. K. ; Okubanjo, A. A.; Okandeji, A. A. ; Olaluwoye, O. O. ; Alao, P. O. ; Ukagu, S. N. (2019) - The proposed Smart, Low Cost and IoT-enabled power distribution board can be adopted and implemented as part of energy conservation measures to reduce energy demand in domestic building and mitigate the energy crisis in the country. SLCDB facilitates real-time access to consumer power profile and energy demand for proper management and supply. Keywords: cost; demand; energy; iot; issn; power; smart
• Temperature Performance Analysis of a Photovoltaic Module: by Onyenweuwa, A. H. (2019) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: henryadiks@gmail.com 119 Figure 3: Cooled module temperature and voltage time profile for day one Figure 4: Uncooled module temperature and voltage time profile for day one These results; which presented the relationship between the temperature and voltage against different hours of the day, show that the morning (0900 – 1200) hours were characterized by increase ambient temperature and module temperature and then decrease solar module voltage generated. The data sets which included ambient temperature, module temperatures and voltage, generated by the cooled and uncooled module for a period of 8 hours (0900 – 1700) were measured using the thermometer, thermostat and voltmeter respectively. Keywords: efficiency; energy; issn; module; temperature; voltage
• Design and Construction of an Arduino - Based Solar Power Parameter-Measuring System with Data Logger by Oladimeji , I.; Adediji , Y. B.; Akintola , J. B.; Afolayan, M. A. ; Ogunbiyi, O. ; Ibrahim , S. M.; Olayinka , S. Z. (2020) - The system can measure data from solar panel that can be used to evaluate the performance of solar energy generated for future energy generation prediction. Solar energy is considered as fastest growing renewable energy source for electricity generation after the wind energy (Adib et al., 2015). Keywords: arduino; energy; figure; intensity; issn; light; sensor; solar; system; temperature; voltage
• Design and Experimental Testing of a Solar Box Cooker with Paraffin Wax as Thermal Energy Storage Using Maiduguri Weather Condition by Maina, M. B. ; Shodiya, S. ; Abdulrahim, A.T. (2019) - Over the last century, many studies have been performed on the development of various types of solar cookers and on the evaluation of the performance and economic aspects of solar cookers. Different types of solar cookers (Box type, direct or concentrating type and indirect type) were modified and investigated by researchers (Elsebaii et al., 2011). Keywords: box; cooker; energy; figure; issn; pcm; solar; temperature; wax
• Development of Adaptive Sensing Algorithm for Minimizing Energy and Bandwidth Consumption in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Technology by Opadiji, J. F. ; Olatunji, S. A. ; Fajemilehin, T. O. (2019) - In this paper, an adaptive spectrum sensing algorithm was developed to minimize energy and bandwidth consumption in cognitive radio spectrum sensing while ensuring accurate spectrum sensing. Cognitive radio is one of the dynamic spectrum management applications with numerous benefits related to the management of available spectrum. Keywords: adaptive; cooperative; detection; energy; issn; radio; sensing; spectrum
• The Potential of Bioethanol as a Viable Alternative to Fossil Fuels by Rabiu, K. O. ; Abidoye, L. K. ; Oriaje, A. T. (2019) - Bioethanol production from cellulosic materials is having challenges of technology (Goldemberg and Guardabassi, 2009). ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: kazeem.rabiu@uniosun.edu.ng 557 residue treatment, recycling, instrumentation and automatic control systems and this will contribute to the vast growth of bioethanol production. Keywords: bioethanol; biofuels; energy; food; fossil; fuel; issn; production; sugarcane
• Performance Evaluation of Soiling Mitigation Technique for Solar Panels. by Afolayan, M. A. ; Olayiwola, T. N. ; Nurudeen, Q. T. ; Ibrahim, O. ; Madugu, I. S. (2020) - Solar energy from the sun can be trapped by the use of solar panels. This research aimed at increasing the efficiency of solar panels by mitigating the effects of soiling. Keywords: dust; efficiency; energy; figure; issn; mitigation; panel; power
• Influence of energy recovery system on the energy efficiency of a flat-bed dryer in the drying of turmeric by Adu, E. A. ; Pandiarajan, T. ; Farzana, W. ; Abba, K. A. K. (2021) - The performance of the dryer was evaluated in terms of drying efficiency (d), heat utilization factor (HUF), Temperature transfer efficiency (TTE) and overall thermal efficiency (th). 1) Drying efficiency, Drying efficiency is defined as the ratio of the energy utilized for heating the sample for moisture evaporation to the total consumed energy (Vieira et al., 2007). Keywords: air; cost; dryer; drying; efficiency; energy; heat; hru; issn; recovery; temperature
• Assessment of energy potential of municipal solid waste from university of derby student residence by Gukop, N. S. ; Japhet, J. A. ; Lengs, B. D. ; Adesanmi, A. (2021) - Solid waste generation and characterization in the University of Lagos for a sustainable waste management. Accounting for solid waste generation in measures of regional productivity growth. Keywords: energy; generation; issn; material; value; waste
• Simulation of Prototype Active Agricultural Solar Dryer with Slit-Type Transpired Solar Collector by Kuhe, A. ; Ibrahim, J. S. ; Tuluen, L. T. ; Akanji, S. A. (2019) - The air-heater, through which the drying air is heated as it flows through the perforated absorber plate during solar drying mode, consists of http://www.azojete.com.ng Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, September, 2019; Vol. 15(3):750-761. The results further confirmed that TRNSYS software can be a useful tool in the design and optimization of solar dryer systems. Keywords: air; dryer; drying; energy; issn; results; solar; temperature; � �
• An Independent Framework for Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy Design Using Optimal Foraging Algorithm (OFA). by Muhammad, M. M. ; Usman, J. ; Mustapha, I. ; Bakura, M. U. M. ; Salawudeen, A. T. (2022) - A novel smart grid theory for optimal sizing of hybrid renewable energy systems. Integrated renewable energy systems for off grid rural electrification of remote area. Keywords: algorithm; battery; cost; energy; hybrid; issn; ofa; power; system; wind
• Analyses of the Hydraulic Performance of a Continuous-Flow Drip Irrigation System Tested on a Tomato Field in Bauchi, Nigeria by Mofoke, A.L.E. ; Babatunde, F. E.; Musa, S. M.; Adewumi, J. K.; Mudiare, O. J. (2008) - Conclusions The continuous-flow drip irrigation system offers satisfactory hydraulic performance characteristic with drip irrigation systems. The recorded high sensitivity (88.0%) of the overall discharge coefficient of variation to CV(P) illustrates that even with adoption of the medi-emitter, the flow behaviour of the continuous-flow drip system conforms with the general character for drip systems as reported by Wu (1997). Keywords: discharge; drip; efficiency; emitter; energy; flow; irrigation; lateral; system; table; variation
• Sizing Analysis of Hybrid Energy Supply for Buildings Integrated with Battery Storage by Mukhtar, U. A. ; Shuwa, M. ; Muhammad, A. B. (2023) - A current and future state of art development of hybrid energy system using wind and PV-solar: A review. A comprehensive method for optimum sizing of hybrid energy systems using intelligence evolutionary algorithms. Keywords: battery; demand; energy; hybrid; power; sizing; storage; supply; system
• Optimization of the Industrial use of Renewable Energy for Sustainable and Cost Effective Rural Electrification by Njoku, C. O. ; Gambo, A. V.; Uche, E. U. (2023) - Hence, this section is devoted to the problem setup and related descriptions, the aim is to develop a general framework that will be used to determine the optimal total capacities of renewable energy sources (solar and wind) to be installed in different locations in the country, in order to increase the amount of renewable energy installations so that the power supply could be comparable to the peak power demand in the country. Optimization has been one of the methods deployed to achieve proper planning in electricity sector more so when it has to do with renewable energy installations. Keywords: capacity; cost; energy; grid; installation; solar; technology; total; wind
• Analysis and Evaluation of Energy Efficiency of 5G Networks in Wireless Communication. by Udo, E. U. ; Oborkhale, L. I. ; Nwaogu, C. C. (2023) - Since future 5G networks are predicted to have higher traffic loads, the impact of mobile communication network energy consumption will grow more rapidly (Shameek et al., 2016). Power consumption model for macrocell and microcell base stations. Keywords: base; communication; consumption; energy; gex; gex model; model; power
• Arc Flash Study of IEEE 8 Bus Test System using Digital Simulation and Electrical Network Analysis Platform by Gana, M. A. ; Bukar, A. ; Smaila, Y. A. (2023) - × ( 610𝑋 𝐷𝑋 ) (4) where: E is incident energy exposure in J/cm2 𝐶𝑓 is calculation factor equal to 1.0 for voltages above 1 kV, and 1.5 for voltages below 1 kV 𝐸𝑛is normalized incident energy in J/cm2 as calculated by Equation (1). Figure 6 shows that as the fault clearing time increases, incident energy increases while with decrease in fault clearing time incident energy decreases. Keywords: arc; bus; current; energy; fault; flash; incident; issn; system
• Modular Cryogenic Energy Storage System: Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis. by Sarkinbaka, Z. M. ; Salihu, A. G. ; Grema, A. S. ; Yaumi, A. L. (2023) - Cryogenic energy storage systems have the potential to provide a cost-effective and efficient method for storing large amounts of energy. Cryogenic energy storage systems: An exergy-based evaluation and optimization. Keywords: analysis; case; energy; figure; issn; power; storage; system; turbine
• Optimization analysis of heat energy required in garrification process using a garri fryer powered by electrical filaments as heat source. by Ozigbo, E. S.; Bamgboye, A. I.; Oduntan, O. B. (2023) - Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: emmanuel.ozigbosunday@gmail.com 647 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS OF HEAT ENERGY REQUIRED IN GARRIFICATION PROCESS USING A GARRI FRYER POWERED BY ELECTRICAL FILAMENTS AS HEAT SOURCE E. S. Ozigbo1*, A. I. Bamgboye1 and O. B. Oduntan2 1Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 2Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria *Corresponding author’s email address: emmanuel.ozigbosunday@gmail.com 1.0 Introduction Cassava plant (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is shrub farmed for its underground starchy tubers throughout the tropics and subtropics (Friday et al., 2021). At α = 0.05, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the mash quantity, frying time and temperature had direct significant impacts on heat energy of the garri frying machine while the initial moisture content had no significant effect on the heat energy. Keywords: cassava; content; energy; frying; garri; heat; heat energy; issn; mash; quantity; temperature; time
• Design of Photovoltaic-Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid Energy System: Perspective of Energy Management System for Stand Alone Power Solution by Adefarati, T. ; Bawonda, F. I. ; Olulope, P. K. ; Onipe, J. A. ; Adisa, K. O. ; Idris, H. D. ; Abubakar, A. O. ; Alabi, G. S. ; Borisade, G. S. ; Sobowale, A. (2024) - Chamandoust et al. (2019) employed demand-side management methods in their decision-making process for the islanded HES to meet power demand and improve the economic and technical assessment of the system. Therefore, HES is structured so that it will be able to respond to changes in power demand. Keywords: bss; cost; demand; energy; energy system; fuel; hybrid; issn; load; power; season; system; wind
• Development of Smart Meter for Energy Billing and Power Management by Raji, A. A. ; Oladosu, S. O. (2024) - A.C source Sensing Unit (Voltage and Current Sensor) Power Supply Unit Control Unit (ATmeg328P Arduino Microcontroller) Relay Driver Relay Load GSM Module Customer’s mobile phone Display Unit Figure 1: Block diagram of energy metering system 2.1.1 Power Supply Unit This unit provides the required voltage for the components of smart energy meter. Figure 4: Circuit diagram of smart energy meter (Nwagbo et al., 2019) 2.1.7 System software design The main activity that is carried out here is implementation of equations (3.1) and (3.2) and development of code that controls the activities of the arduino microcontroller board using C# programming language. Keywords: energy; figure; gsm; journal; load; meter; power; system; unit
• Performance Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar-Wind Power System for Heipang Community Load Demand by Maren, I. B. ; Adisa, A. B. ; Dandakouta, H. ; Ejilah, R. I. (2024) - =50%, 𝐶𝑏𝑎𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥. is maximum capacity of battery = 1,512𝑘𝑊ℎ 2.3.4 Energy management strategy of hybrid solar wind power system The role of control strategy management in hybrid solar-wind power system is very important in system operation. The designed system is based on 2 days autonomy, meaning the battery can supply power for two consecutive days when there is no power generation by either solar, wind or both power systems which is the minimum requirement for solar wind power system design (Adeoye et al., 2022), (Broomfield Designers, 2017). Keywords: battery; community; demand; energy; hybrid; issn; load; photovoltaic; power; power system; solar; system; wind; wind power
• Energy Conservation Potentials in University of Maiduguri: Case Study of Shettima Ali Monguno Hostel. by Malut, A. M.; El-Jummah, A. M.; Muhammad, A. B. (2024) - The questionnaire was designed to address various aspects of energy utilization in the hostel, such as the respondents' awareness of energy conservation and its benefits, the patterns of energy consumption in the hostel, and the usage of energy-saving habits by the respondents. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545- 5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: amsa4malut@gmail.com 340 The result obtained from the present study regarding energy consumption by resistant coils, pressing irons, and electric hotplates can be compared with the findings of Oyedepo et al. (2016) concerning space cooling and lighting. Keywords: consumption; energy; hostel; issn; students; total; university; use
• Wind Energy Assessment in Auchi, Nigeria using Weibull Distribution and NASA Data by Seidu, I.; Salisu, S.; Masud, A. A.; Musa, U.; Almustapha, D. M. (2024) - Additionally, the analysis explored the influence of seasonal fluctuations and surface roughness on wind speed distribution and power density. Additionally, the study examines the influence of surface roughness and height on wind speed and power density, highlighting the potential for harnessing wind energy for electrification purposes in Auchi, thereby offering a solution to Nigeria’s energy challenges. Keywords: data; distribution; energy; power; speed; weibull; wind
• Effects of Torrefaction Parameters on the Properties of Brimstone (Morinda lucida) Wood by Nasirudeen, A. R.; Ola, F. A.; Oniya, O. O.; Adesope, A. J.; Lasisi, D.; Balogun, L. A.; Adesope, W. A.; Abdulsalam, I. A.; Oladiji, A. O. (2025) - The probability of the model p-value and F- value of 0.0022 and 11.15 for brimstone wood biochar energy yield, indicates that the model suggested by the software for the material was significant at 95 % confidence level. The software presented a model and regression analysis to correlate the biochar energy yield with the independent variables of heating temperature, heating time and sample size considered for the study using polynomial equation for the brimstone wood biochar energy yield as presented in Equation 7. 𝐵𝑏𝑒𝑦(%) = +540.17519 − 4.05095 𝐴 + 0.88720 𝐵 + 19.73375 𝐶 − 0.004681 𝐴𝐵 − 0.015813 𝐴𝐶 − 0.031667 𝐵𝐶 + 0.007758 𝐴² + 0.001947 B² − 0.747562 C² (7) where: Bbey = Biochar energy yield of brimstone wood,%, A = Heating temperature, 0C, B = Heating time, min, C = Sample size, mm The ANOVA results and statistical parameters of the analysis which describes the relations between the independent variables and the dependent variable, biochar energy yield is as presented in Table 5. Keywords: biochar; biochar energy; brimstone; energy; heating; heating temperature; sample; temperature; time; wood; yield

• Development of a Smart Internet of Things Based Motorcycle Theft Prevention System by Abdullahi, I. M.; Maliki, D.; Dauda, I. A.; Dauda, U. S.; Kigbu, G. (2025) - Recent advances in Internet of Things (IoT) technology, sensor systems, and mobile communications present unprecedented opportunities to develop more sophisticated and effective security solutions. This research presents an integrated Internet of Things (IoT) based motorcycle theft prevention system utilizing ESP32 microcontroller, gyroscope sensors for vibration detection, load sensors for weight monitoring, GPS for location tracking, and GSM for communication. Keywords: communication; detection; gps; motorcycle; network; performance; prevention; security; sensor; system; technology; theft; time; tracking
• Development of an Automatic Door Access Control System Using Fingerprint and Passcode Verification Technology by Uguru-Okorie, D. C.; Aribisala, A. A.; Adebimpe, A. M.; Fagbohun, O. O.; Ojaomo, K. (2025) - This simplicity makes it suitable for rapid development and iterative testing of system features. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s email address: adetoye.aribisala@fuoye.edu.ng 1058 Figure 3: System Authentication Process Flow Plate 4: Pictorial view of developed system showing the internal components 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Fingerprint Enrollment Results Keywords: access; arduino; authentication; control; fingerprint; journal; security; system; verification
• On-Orbit Results of Photoelectron Current Measurement System in Low Earth Orbit on HORYU-IV Satellite by Ewang, E. ; Ogah, O. ; Suleiman, H. ; Agbaje, G. ; Faizullin, D. ; Toyoda, K. ; Cho, M. (2019) - 3 Schematic of PEC measurement system The biased mesh grid electrode at +24V with the same dimensions as the PCB is placed between the samples and the satellite panel. PEC measurement system demonstrated its capability to measure photoelectron current in the order of nano-Ampere in LEO using a biased grid electrode. Keywords: current; horyu; issn; kapton; measurement; orbit; pec; photoelectron; satellite; system
• Evaluation of Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emission from a Solar / Gas Powered Absorption Air Conditioning System in Zaria by Ahmadu, T. O. (2019) - Similar reduction in power consumption by absorption cooling system have been reported in the works of Alili et al. (2012) and Zhai et al. (2015). This is in agreement with CO2 emission reduction by absorption cooling system as reported in the works of Balghouthi et al. (2012) and Rosiek and Batlles (2012). Keywords: absorption; chiller; co2; consumption; days; gas; system
• Development of a Pseudo-Closed Loop Solar Collector Sun Tracking System with Optimized Set-Point Paths for Flat Plate Payload by Jimoh, M. T. ; Aliyu, A. B. (2019) - It also presents, from literature, the equations and models solar angles and incident angles for the development of the optimum set point path for the tracking, and gives the outline of the signal flow plan, as well as the corresponding flowchart, for the tracking system’s components interaction. ISSN 1596- 2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address:mtjimoh.mec@buk.edu.ng 1051 Different types of closed loop solar tracking systems have been developed. Keywords: angle; azimuth; loop; optimum; payload; sun; system; time; tracking
• Cloud-Based Iot Monitoring System for Poultry Farming in Nigeria by Gbadamosi, A. S. (2020) - ABSTRACT The monitoring of environmental parameters of poultry farm using IoT applications is no longer a new research area in the field of engineering. In this paper, a cloud-based IoT monitoring system for poultry farming which can generate real- time environmental-based information on maximum and minimum temperature and humidity of poultry farm to a remote server daily was proposed. Keywords: cloud; farm; humidity; iot; monitoring; poultry; system; temperature
• Performance Improvement of an Indirect Solar Dryer with Single Axis Manual Tracking System and Angular Simulation of the Flat Plate Collector Reflectors by Ajunwa, I. ; Yawas, D. S. ; Kulla, D. M. ; Abdullahi, M. B. ; Ibrahim, I. U. ; Iorpenda Jnr., M. (2020) - Going round the world, a lot of solar dryers have been developed and tested for different applications. The estimated thermal efficiency of solar dryer was about 21% and specific moisture extraction rate was about 0.87 kg/kWh as they concluded. Keywords: collector; dryer; drying; efficiency; fpc; issn; mode; moisture; solar; system; tracking
• Transmission expansion programme for electric network reinforcement by Oluseyi, P. O. ; Ajekigbe, T. O. ; Akintunde, T. J. (2019) - Further generation always results in increased power flow on transmission lines connecting the grid. Suggestively, it was also observed during this research work that transmission lines linking the geographical northern and southern parts of Nigeria experienced more power losses than any others. Keywords: bus; expansion; issn; jos; kaduna; kebbi; line; network; power; system; transmission
• A Review of Probabilistic Approaches for Available Transfer Capability Calculation by Mohammed, O. O. ; Mustafa, M. W. ; Otuoze, A. O. ; Salisu, S. ; Abdulrahman, A. Y. (2019) - It performs the steady-state simulation of power systems, i.e., specific values of the system generations and demands of a particular network configuration is used to compute PF and the system states (Chen et al., 2008). The traditional deterministic techniques determine the steady- state simulation of power systems, which indicate the snapshot of particular operating conditions of the network (Shin et al., 2007). Keywords: atc; capability; et al; flow; ieee; issn; load; methods; power; system; transfer; uncertainties
• Non-destructive online real-time milk quality determination in a milking robot using near-infrared spectroscopic sensing system by Iweka , P. ; Kawamura, S. ; Mitani, T. ; Koseki, S. (2018) - These results show that the NIRS sensing system developed in this study could be used for online real-time determination of milk quality in a milking robot. Thus, this is the reason for the recent need for a technique that will enable dairy farmers to determine milk quality of individual cows during milking. Keywords: determination; milk; milking; near; nir; quality; system
• Experimental investigation of the performance of a household refrigerator using plywood as radiation shield by Mukhtar, U. A. ; Shodiya, S. ; Abdulrahaman, S. A. ; Samuel, V. C. ; Muhammed, A. ; Maigida, A. Y. (2021) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: umuktara@yahoo.co.uk 167 evident that the performance of household refrigeration system is affected by the heat emission from condenser and compressor of the refrigeration system. The objective of this work is to investigate the performance of household refrigeration system by incorporating a thermal radiation shield at the condenser and compressor of the system. Keywords: compressor; condenser; cop; performance; refrigeration; system; temperature
• Applications of Various Types of Circuit Breakers in Electrical Power Systems: A Review by Obi, P. I. ; Ezeonye , C. S. ; Amako, E. A. (2021) - They analyzed the breaking process of DC circuit breaker, the basic principle of AC synthetic test and parameters analysis, and also presented a new synthetic test circuit topology of the breaker. Circuit breaker is a mechanical device that have the potential of interrupting fault currents by splitting separable contacts and reclosing it after faults clearance, in addition performs the work of a switch. Keywords: arc; breakers; circuit; circuit breakers; current; issn; oil; power; sf6; system; voltage
• State Estimation of the Nigerian 330kv Transmission Network using the Weighted Least Square Optimization Technique by Araga, I. A. ; Afolayan , A. I. ; Airoboman, A. E. (2021) - Constrained robust estimation of power system state variables and transformer tap positions under erroneous zero-injections, IEEE Trans. Figure 6: Voltage magnitude comparison estimated values and raw system measurement. Keywords: data; error; estimation; measurement; power; state; system; voltage
• Design and Implementation of a Transistorized Bi-Controlled based Utility-Connected Battery Charger for Underdeveloped Nations by Jagun, Z.; Okandeji, A. ; Eya, C. ; Olajide, M. ; Ominike, A. ; Ukagu, S. (2022) - Utility battery charging systems (UBCS) can be unidirectional or bidirectional converters (Yilmaz and Krein, 2013., Hart, 2011). Utility battery charging systems are often found in telecommunication industrial storage systems, ministry of transportations, electrical home inverter backup systems, hospital battery-based equipment (Agu, 2019). Keywords: battery; charger; charging; circuit; current; issn; power; system; voltage
• Load Frequency Control using Classical controllers by Isemin, U. I. ; Onah , A. J. (2022) - From the simulation results, it was observed that when a load change of 0.2pu occurred in control area one, without the controllers, the changes in tie-line power and frequencies of control areas one and two were deviated from their steady state values of zero. Load frequency control for interconnected power system using different controllers. Keywords: area; control; controller; frequency; load; pid; power; system; tie
• Tuning Rules for Fractional Order PID Controllers for Industrial Processes: A Conceptual Framework by Isah, L. M. ; Dan-Isa, A. (2022) - Fractional order PID controller is an extension of the Integer Order PID controller with two additional tuning knobs (Chunna et al., 2005, Padula and Visioli, 2011). ISSN 1596-2644; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: dangoggo@gmail.com 405 tuning method for fractional order PID controller was proposed. Keywords: algorithm; controller; fopid; fractional; frequency; issn; order; pid; system; tuning
• A Resource Performance Model for Efficient Distribution of Resources to Operating System Services in Factored Operating System by Mikailu, H. ; Agaji, I. ; Nachamada, B. V. ; Gambo, I. (2022) - It showed 1 to n number of operating system services (e.g. system file naming, file management, scheduling, PC security management and error detection), and 1 to n number of processor cores (resources) to be distributed to the services. Thus, if software design remains as it is at present, lock contention will continue to be a big problem to multicore processor systems. Keywords: cores; issn; model; multicore; operating; operating system; performance; processor; resource; server; services; system; technology
• Analytical Determination of Queueing System Performance for Sustainable Economic Development by Anyin, P. B. ; Etika, A. A. (2022) - Material and Methods 2.1 Probability and distribution function Consider the case where the inter-arrival and service times are independent and exponentially distributed (memoryless). Therefore, the arrival process follows a Poisson process with parameter 𝜆 and service times are assumed to be IID and exponentially distributed with parameter 𝜇 , and are independent of the arrival process. Keywords: issn; queue; queueing; service; system; time; 𝐴(𝐿; 𝑃(𝑋
• Design and Implementation of an Arduino Based Light Dependent Alarm System by Ibrahim, H. ; Mohammed, A. A. ; Aliyu, I. A. (2019) - 3. Results and Discussions Table 1 shows the testing of Arduino based alarm system. Automatic street light control system using microcontroller. Keywords: arduino; issn; light; system; � �
• An Automated Prototype System for Alcohol Level Detection in Drunk Drivers and Vehicle Control. by Akanni, J. ; Adewusi, B.; Isa, A. A.; Alao, R. A. (2023) - Figure 1: Block Schematic of the System The power supply unit's circuit diagram is seen in Figure 2. C1 and C2 are 0.1 F and 100 F respectively Figure 2: Circuit Diagram of the Power Supply unit The MQ-3 alcohol gas sensor module is a type of alcohol sensor adopted because it is a low-cost semiconductor sensor that works with Breathalyzers and can detect alcohol concentrations between 0.05 mg/L and 10 mg/L (Tapadar et al., 2018). It is observed from the Drunker-Distance Performance (Table 1) that within the distance of 4 cm and 28 cm, the green and red light representing the status of ignition system in Figure 13 is ON and blinks respectively (column three of Table 1) thereby the ignition is OFF and this indicated that the sensor is able to detected alcohol vapor in the air in excessed of the permissible level of 0.5 g/100 mL by the law. Keywords: alcohol; distance; drivers; figure; issn; sensor; system
• Effects of PID Controller on Performance of Dish Antenna Position Control for Distributed Mobile Telemedicine Nodes by Ajiboye, A. T. ; Ajayi, A. R. ; Ayinla, S. L. (2019) - There was reduction in the value of system time domain parameters obtained for PID controller compensated system compared to uncompensated system. This shows an improvement on system rise time as a result of incorporating PID controller into the system. Keywords: antenna; controller; dish; journal; pid; satellite; system; time
• Development and Performance Evaluation of a Re-circulatory Vegetable Moisturizer by Sunmonu, M. O. ; Odewole, M. M.; Obajemihi, O. I. ; Ayodeji, A. T. (2016) - Figure 1: Picture of Vegetable Moisturizer 2.3 Performance Evaluation of Vegetable Moisturizer Three storage systems (vegetable moisturizer, manual wetting system and no wetting system-as control) were set up for testing for Vitamin A for nine days. Vitamin A content of amaranthus vegetables were taken in the three systems with three replicates on the second, fifth, seventh and nineth days. Keywords: content; issn; manual; moisturizer; storage; system; vegetables; vitamin; wetting
• Improved Gearless Transmission System by Dagala, V. M. ; Mshelia, Z. A. ; Abba-Aji, M. A. ; Arku, A. Y. (2023) - 1.2 Principle of Operation of Gearless Transmission System A common form of gearless transmission system is normally an angle located shaft that is transmitted from the driving shaft via the rods to the driven shaft bent to fit the angles between the shafts. file:///C:/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng file:///C:/Users/Engr.%20Samuel/Documents/Engr%20Oyeniyi/azojete/AZOJETE%20ARCHIVE/UPLOAD/VOL%2019%20NO%202/AZOJETE%20VOL%2019%20NO%202/victordagala@yahoo.com Dagala et al: Improved Gearless Transmission System. Keywords: gearless; gearless transmission; issn; shaft; system; transmission
• Maximum Power Point Tracking in Partial Shaded Photovoltaic System using Smell Agent Optimization Algorithm by Amusat, R. O. ; Shodiya, S. ; Ngadda, Y. H. ; Malgwi, D. I. (2023) - Photovoltaic Power Control Using MPPT and Boost Converter. Such as Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Neural Network (NN) (Seyedmahmoudiana et al., 2016; Ramana and Jena, 2015; Lalam and Kalpana, 2013; Zaki et al., 2012; Younis et al., 2012). Keywords: issn; maximum; photovoltaic; point; power; sao; smell; system; tracking
• Estimating the Collapse Point of a Transmission Line in a Developing Power Systems by Onah, J. N. ; Onyishi, D. U. ; Eze, C. C.; Ogbahor, G. A. (2023) - Various approaches which look at mechanisms that cause voltage collapses and proximities of voltage collapse near the saddle node bifurcation point have been exploited by experts in voltage stability analysis (Onah et al., 2018; 2019,). Whenever the grid operates out of these stability ranges there would be a sequence of events accompanying voltage instabilities that bring about voltage collapse. Keywords: collapse; line; power; system; transmission; voltage
• A Review of Optimization Approach to Power Flow Tracing in a Deregulated Power System by Tijani, M. A. ; Adepoju, G. A. ; Hamzat, K. A. ; Sanusi, M. A. (2019) - The uses of power flow tracing methods have solved the problems of transmission usage allocation in a transmission system (Lim et al, 2006). Optimal Power Flow Methods: A Comprehensive Survey. Keywords: algorithm; constraints; deterministic; et al; flow; journal; method; optimization; power; power flow; power system; system; tracing; transmission
• MATLAB SimEvent for Traffic Queue Model by Anyin, P. B. ; Anyin, P. B. ; Murana, A. A. (2024) - Average Service Time Goodness of Fit Result Service characteristics Figure 3: Average service time exponential distribution pattern. However, most efforts in this direction have been undervalued due to service rate distribution assumptions. Keywords: anyin; arrival; distribution; issn; model; queue; queueing; rate; service; simulation; system; time

• Assessment of Effect of Alummina Addition on the Refraractory Under Load (Rul) Property of Some Kaolin Clay Deposits in Nigeria by Mokwa, J. B.; Abdullahi, M.; Malomo, O. E. (2025) - Plate 1: Crucible Furnace: Cover (a), Furnace (b), Furnace lined with Researched Bricks (c-d) 4.0 Conclusion The effect of alumina addition on the Refractory Under Load (RUL) of kaolin clay samples from Nigeria have been investigated. The higher the alumina in clay sample the higher the refractory temperature and the higher the mechanical strength of such fire clay (Galdina, 1983). Keywords: addition; alumina; clay; kaolin; refractory; rul; sample; subsidence; temperature
• The Cooling Systems and Weather Statistics of Maiduguri and Yola - Nigeria by Olorunmaiye, J. A. ; Awolola, O. O. (2018) - +234-8036000053, +234-8027955316 Abstract Bin data for dry bulb temperature, relative humidity and two-dimensional bin for dry bulb temperature - relative humidity were compiled using a fifteen-year hourly dry bulb temperature and relative humidity data for Maiduguri and Yola. The bins sizes of 1°Cand 5% were used for dry bulb temperature and relative humidity respectively. Keywords: bulb; dry; humidity; maiduguri; temperature; yola
• Effects of Drying Temperatures on Nutritional and Phytochemical Properties of Gongronema Latifolium Leaves by Amaefule, D. O.; Nwajinka, C. O.; Mbegbu, N. N.; Okpala, C. D. (2025) - The Igbo tribe of South-Eastern Nigeria employs Ocimum gratissimum in the management of the neonatal umbilicus, the coastal areas of Nigeria for the treatment of epilepsy, high fever and diarrhea, and the Savannah areas apply it for treating mental illness and to keep wound surfaces sterile (Ijeh et al., 2004, Njoku et al., 2011a, b and Rhoda and Negimote, 2015). Since vegetables are perishable products due to their high moisture contents; 60.0 - 98.8% (Njoku et al., 2011b), they are usually dried and stored. Keywords: contents; drying; journal; leaves; moisture; phytochemical; temperature
• Thin Layer Drying Kinetics and Influence of Drying Temperature on the Proximate Composition of Tiger-Nut Milk Powder by Nwagugu, N. I.; Okonkwo, W. I. (2025) - Therefore, this study is aimed at studying the drying kinetics of Tiger nut milk in a thin layer dryer, and investigating the effect of drying temperature on the proximate composition of milk powder. Quality property of beverage drink from Tiger nut milk , malted yellow maize blend. Keywords: content; drying; et al; journal; milk; milk powder; model; moisture; nut; nut milk; plant; powder; protein; temperature; tiger
• Assessment of Vegetation Loss and Land Surface Temperature Changes in Bwari Area Council, Abuja Nigeria by Ekanem, K. J.; Bukuromo, A. (2025) - Table 1: Data Source S/NS/N S/N Data Ty Data Type Year Year Source Source 1 1 Landsa Landsat 5,7 and 8 1990,2001 and 2021 USGS USGS 2 2 Insitu te Insitu temperature data 1990,2001 and 2021 NIMET NIMET 3 3 Boundar Boundary shape file of study ar study area OSGOF OSGOF Table 2: Description of Landsat Data used for the study. Patterns of land change and their potential impacts on land surface temperature change in Yangon, Myanmar. Keywords: area; cover; environment; increase; journal; land; land surface; landsat; lst; ndvi; study; study area; surface; surface temperature; temperature; vegetation; xxx
• Impact of Climate Change on the Design Parameters of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems for Manned Spacecraft by Adeyemi, K. O. ; Ozigis, I. I. ; Zarmai, M. T. ; Ishola, S. I. (2019) - The studies on effects of dry bulb temperature and relative humidity on performances of power electronics, gas turbines, compressors, among others have been documented as reported by Olorunmaiye and Awolola (2016). Normal statistical estimates for average dry bulb temperature were made at 0.4%, 1.0% and 2.0% for Ikeja-Lagos. Keywords: air; bulb; climate; design; dry; humidity; ikeja; lagos; spacecraft; temperature
• Optimization of Process Parameters on Fatigue and Compressive Strength of AL7075/Coconut Shell Ash Composite by Gambo, A. V.; Njoku, C. O.; Bello, Y. (2025) - Varalakshmi et al., (2019) analyzed the dry sliding wear behaviour of Al6061- Coconut shell ash metal matrix composites using Stir casting. The optimal combination for the Taguchi grey relational analysis was coconut shell ash particles at 10wt%, stirring speed at 600rpm, processing temperature at 850oC, stirring time at 120secs, and particle size at 25µm. Keywords: ash; coconut; composite; compressive; csap; fatigue; shell; stirring; strength; table; temperature
• Cotton Seed Bio-Based Metal Working Fluid for Sustainable Machining Operation by Hassan, S. I. ; Lawal, S. A. ; Adeyemi, K. O. ; Adamu, A. A. (2019) - The above procedure was repeated using a constant temperature of 100°C for determination of viscosity at 100°C The kinematic viscosity of the test oil (V) in mm²/sec is calculated from: V = CT (1) where: V = Viscosity (mm²/sec) C = viscometer calibration constant (mm²/sec²) T = average outflow time of test oil in the viscometer (sec) 2.2.3 Determination of Density The same method as used by Santos et al. (2017) and Ademoh et al. (2016) was used in determining the density of the oil. The authors concluded that oil performances can be improved by additive mixtures, chemical modification of crude oil and genetic modification of the oil seed. Keywords: bio; cutting; fluid; issn; machining; metal; oil; temperature; viscosity; working
• Preparation of Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Biomass from Sugarcane Bagasse by Aderibigbe, F. A. ; Adejumo, A. L. ; Mohammed, I. A. ; Mustapha, S. I. ; Akinkahunsi, E. O. (2020) - Figure 3: Effect of hydrolysis acid concentration on glucose yields at different temperatures in (a) 10 min., and (b) 60 min. Again in Figure 4, the effect of hydrolysis time on the yield of glucose is also not independent of acid concentration. Figure 7: Effect of hydrolysis acid concentration on glucose yields at different temperatures in (a) 10 min., and (b) 60 min. Keywords: acid; acid concentration; acid hydrolysis; concentration; figure; glucose; hydrolysis; min; temperature; time; yield
• Evaluation of a Low-Cost Greenhouse for Controlled Environment Cultivation of Sweet Pepper by Omobowale, M. O. (2020) - Expectedly, greenhouse temperatures were higher than that of the ambient as radiant energy from the sun heats up the structure and part of the heat is trapped within. Moreover, the unproductive nature of the area made the location a good ground for greenhouse evaluation. Keywords: area; crop; cultivation; environment; field; figure; greenhouse; issn; pepper; production; temperature
• Development of a Motorized Hydraulic Press for Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Oil Expression by Ishola, T. A. ; Efomah, A. N. ; Gbabo, A. (2020) - A period of 6 seconds was chosen for each round of oil expression based on experience from the UTM machine. After oil expression and the discharge of the cake the oil press was ready for another cycle of expression. Keywords: barrel; expression; hydraulic; issn; oil; seed; sesame; temperature
• Aerodynamic and thermal properties of melon (Citrullus lanatus) seeds under varying drying temperature for separation from shells and processing by Asoiro, F. U. ; Simeon, M. I. ; Ezugwu, I. C. (2018) - The thermal diffusivity attained a maximum value at 30ºC (6.19×10-5m2/s) and a minimum value of 1.16×10-6m2/s at 100ºC. Therefore, it can be clearly observed that temperature has a very great effect in the aerodynamic and thermal properties of egusi melon and these values are vital to engineers and food processors in the design of storage and processing equipment for melon seeds. According to Oloko and Agbetoye (2006), melon seeds offer valuable sources of vegetable oil for local and export trade. Keywords: aerodynamic; drag; heat; issn; melon; melon seeds; properties; seeds; temperature; terminal; value; velocity
• A Critical Examination of Maize Yield Response to Tillage, Traffic and Soil Temperature on a Ferruginous Soil (Haplustalf) by Yusuf, D.D. (2007) - This paper, through a 3-year on-farm experiment, studied and discussed the resulting effects of tillage, traffic compaction and soil temperature on maize yield. Soil temperatures were lower in shallow (15.0 xm) tilled plots than in deep (30.00cm) tilled plots and high soil temperature enhanced maize grain yield. Keywords: compaction; crop; maize; penetration; resistance; soil; temperature; tillage; yield
• Development and performance evaluation of a kerosene chicken incubator by Ndirika, V.I.O.; Ademoye, S.A. (2007) - The following parameters were evaluated in the experiment; hatchability, hatching temperature, hatching period, incubation temperature and incubation relative humidity. Abstract A kerosene-heated chicken egg incubator of 160 eggs capacity was developed and its performance evaluated based on incubation temperatures, relative humidity, period of incubation and percentage of eggs hatched. Keywords: eggs; humidity; incubation; temperature
• Modelling of Heat Transfer Through Hollow Blocks Produced with Rice-Husk-Ash Blended Cement. by Kamiyo, O. M. (2020) - The second part of the study examined the effect of heat transfer through the air-gap as compared to a similar study regarding it as vacuum. It is noteworthy that with heat transfer in building materials, there have been resurgence of interest in recent times with limited literature on those with admixtures which are already in use. Keywords: blocks; figure; heat; rha; temperature; transfer
• Five-Factor Response Surface Optimisation of Hydrochloric Acid Dissolution of Alumina from a Nigerian Clay by Orugba, H. O. ; Onukwuli, O. D. ; Babayemi, A. K. ; Umezuegbu, J. C. (2020) - As shown in the figure, increasing both the stirring speed and liquid/solid ratio increased alumina yield as the highest alumina yield was obtained at the highest stirring speed and highest liquid/solid ratio. In this research, using the experimental design, the combined effects of five independent variables (calcination temperature, leaching temperature, acid concentration, stirring speed and liquid/solid ratio) on the yield of alumina from the local clay was studied and the second order polynomial regression equation was developed to evaluate the influence of the five independent variables on alumina yield. Keywords: acid; alumina; alumina yield; clay; leaching; solid; speed; stirring; temperature; yield
• Effect of elevated temperature on the durability and strength properties of concrete with ground rice husk ash as a partial replacement to cement: a review by Makinta, B. ; Mohammed, K. ; Ocholi, A. (2021) - Stress-strain relationship of high strength concrete, HSC, (concrete strength in excess of 70Mpa) has been investigated and reported. Rice husk ash can also replace silica fume in high strength concrete as further described by (Koksal et al., 2012) and silica fume or micro silica is the most commonly used mineral admixture in high strength concrete although the major characteristics of Rice husk ash are its high-water demand and coarseness compared with condensed silica fume. Keywords: ash; cement; concrete; effect; husk; husk ash; issn; properties; replacement; rice; rice husk; strength; temperature
• Strength properties and microstructural characterization of metakaolin geopolymer concrete synthsized at ambient temperature. by Salihu, C. H. ; Abalaka, A. E. ; Lafiya-Araga, R. A. ; Olawuyi, B. J. ; Kariim, I. (2021) - Water (kg) GPC M1 2.0 1.87 2.52 5.90 0.41 0.53 0.65 GPC M2 2.5 1.87 2.52 5.90 0.26 0.68 0.65 Salihu et al.: The number of bands in the range of 400-600 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra of GPC increased considerably for GPC M2 at 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days while the increase in the number of bands in that region for GPC M1 was evident from 14 days. Keywords: concrete; curing; days; geopolymer; gpc; issn; metakaolin; properties; ratio; strength; temperature
• Influence of Extrusion Process Conditions on the Residence Time and Throughput of a Twin-Screw Extruder Using Full Factorial Experimental Design by Yusuf, M. ; Halilu, M. ; Filli, K. B. (2021) - The extrusion experiment was conducted using 3 factor 3 level experiment design (33), with 1factor representing extruder barrel temperature, with levels (90°C 100°C 110°C). The influence of independent variables on residence time of the extruded revealed that increasing barrel temperature from 90oC to 100oC resulted in decreasing the residence time from 60.81 secs to 56.58 secs this is in line with report by SueShan et al (2015) that the results showed that an increase in extruder barrel temperature decreased the residence time of the flours in the extruder from 4.11-11.32 min to 2.24-6.76 min. Keywords: barrel; design; extruder; extrusion; feed; rate; residence; screw; temperature; throughput; time
• Optimisation of Cover Thickness in Tyre Fibre Concrete under Elevated Temperature by Ibrahim, O. A. ; Afodun, M. M. ; Mije, F. G. ; Ako, T. (2021) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545- 5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: ibnibrohim88@gmail.com 530 For tyre fibre concrete cube, stress constraints: at the maximum temperature load of 50 kN per meter length of the cube, the fibre concrete cube weight per unit length is optimized as shwn in Equation 1-10. However, the cubes were structural modeled using TEDDS 2.0.01 and STAADPro v8i to under temperature load to determine optimum cover thickness through the deflection mode. Keywords: concrete; cover; fibre; issn; load; temperature; tyre
• Performance Evaluation of 200W Solar Photovoltaic Panel Considering Bauchi Microclimatic Conditions. by Mustapha, K. ; Aliyu, U. O. ; Bakare, G. A. (2022) - The results conclusively reveal that the microclimate of a locality essentially affects the performances of solar PV systems deployed to each location on the globe. 2.2.2 Characteristic of solar cell The analysis of the characteristics of the solar cell is resolved by using the equivalent electrical circuit model of the PV cell depicted in Figure 1. Keywords: bauchi; cell; current; data; efficiency; issn; module; performance; solar; temperature
• Modelling Combustion Characteristics of some selected Nigerian Coal Samples by Mshelia, J. V. ; Sanusi, Y. S. ; Ibrahim, Y.; Dandajeh, H. A. (2022) - The pulverization technique is considered in this study which involves coal combustion to release heat which can be utilised to generate steam. This study determines the thermodynamics characteristics of coal combustion using the pulverization technique for Five Nigerian coal samples (Odagbo, Owupka, Ezimo, Amansiodo and Inyi Coal). Keywords: air; coal; combustion; equivalence; figure; inyi; issn; power; samples; temperature
• Influences of pH and Temperature on the Anaerobic Fermentation of Groundnut Shell and Cow Dung for Biogas Production by Mamman, P.; Saidu, M. ; Busari, A.; Sadiku, S. (2022) - Figure 3: The Digester showing the male female socket Figure 4: The Digester and the Gas Holder 2.2 Biogas Digestion Assay The slurry combination was formulated to contain about 5% solid content and the bio digester was filled with the slurry to 75% of the digester volume.100% of cow dung and 0% of groundnut shell were mixed with water for Digester A.75% of cow dung and 25% of groundnut shell were mixed with water for Digester B.50% of cow dung and 50% of http://www.azojete.com.ng/ file:///C:/Users/HP/Documents/Engr%20Oyeniyi/azojete/AZOJETE%20ARCHIVE/UPLOAD/VOL%2018%20NO%204/zionpaul212@yahoo.com GALLEY PROOF Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, December, 2022; Vol. 18(4):587-596. This shows that the pH values of cow dung was neutral before digestion and slightly alkaline after digestion while digester E containing 100% of groundnut shell also a control have pH of 7.10 and 7.20 respectively before and after digestion. Keywords: biogas; cow; digester; digestion; dung; groundnut; issn; production; shell; temperature
• Moisture and Temperature Influence on Thermal Properties of Winged Bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) Seed Accessions by Oriola, K. O. ; Hussein, J. B. ; Oke, M. O. ; Isiaka, R. D. (2022) - MCwb = winged bean seed moisture content (% wet basis) Notwithstanding the great potential of winged bean seeds, prolonged cooking times significantly limit their utilization. Keywords: accessions; bean; bean seed; content; entry; et al; moisture; properties; seed; temperature; tpt
• Evaluation of Evaporative Cooling Structure (ECS) and Artificially Aerated Onion Structure (AAOS) for Storage of Fresh Red Onion. by Adu, E. A. ; Bamishaiye, E. I. ; Ibrahim, B. ; Jude, J. ; Kamaldeen, O. S. ; Isiaka, A. A. (2023) - Onions storage in tropical region: A review. Artificial aeration of onion storage structure provides a more conducive surrounding temperature and relative humidity that slows deteriorations especially in a long-term storage. Keywords: aaos; author; content; cooling; ecs; humidity; issn; journal; loss; method; onion; red; storage; structure; temperature; total; weight
• Department of Agricultural and Environmental Resource Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria by Terngu, A. ; Agboola, O. F. ; Garba, D. K. (2023) - The important microstructural features of austempered ductile iron are the morphology of the ferrite, the volume fraction of retained austenite, the carbon content in retained austenite, and the presence or absence of carbide in austenite or ferrite. Thus, the mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron may be related to three microstructural variables: bainite morphology, austenite volume fraction and the formation of martensite (ASM, 1996). Keywords: austempering; ductile; iron; jatropha; oil; temperature; values
• Development of a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) for a Chicken Feather Plucking Machine. by Alim, S. A. ; Abdullateef, I. A. ; Shobowale, K. O. (2023) - ISSN 1596- 2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: moaj1st@yahoo.com 503 Figures 11 and 12 show the interaction between Scalding temperature vs Rotating speed and Scalding temperature vs Plucking time respectively. Higher scalding temperatures are better for loosening feathers from their follicles, but hard scalding is also the harshest on the skin. Keywords: chicken; issn; plucking; scalding; speed; temperature; time; weight
• Effect of Processing Parameters on Solvent Oil Expression from Loofah Seeds (Luffa cylindrica L.) using Response Surface Methodology by Busari, R. A. ; Akpenpuun, T. D. ; Iyanda, M. O. (2019) - Optimum conditions for oil extraction were determined using Response Surface Methodology of Central Composite Rotatable Design. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: rasheed.busari@kwasu.edu.ng 370 Table 3: Analysis of variance for oil extraction from loofah seeds (partial sum of squares) Keywords: extraction; oil; ratio; response; seed; solvent; temperature; time; yield
• Determination of Maiganga Lignite Coal Combustion Characteristics for Application in Thermal Power Plant using Standard Mathematical Models by Ozigis, I. I. ; Zarmai, M. T. (2019) - Conclusion This work presents determination of Maiganga lignite coal combustion characteristics for application in thermal power plant using standard mathematical models. Hence, above parameters can be used to design and model a safe ignition and good combustion characteristics in other lignite fired power plants similar to that of Maiganga lignite coal. Keywords: air; bed; coal; combustion; flow; fuel; issn; lignite; maiganga; models; particle; power; rate; ratio; temperature
• Comparative Analysis of Cutting Fluids Developed from Groundnut Oil and used Engine Oil for Machining Operation by Abba-Aji, M. A.; Ishaq, M. I.; Halliru, I. (2024) - In order to address this limitation, the present research looks at alternative cutting fluid from used engine oil (recycled spent engine oil that is used in motor vehicle) and groundnut oil. Cutting fluid Viscosity Emulsifying Wax Liquid paraffin potassium dichromate PH ABSTRACT This research concentrates on the development of cutting fluid from spent engine oil used in motor vehicles (used engine oil) and groundnut oil, for the purpose of cooling the heat generated in the cutting zone during metal work. Keywords: cutting; dichromate; fluid; oil; sample; temperature; zone

• Enhancement of Selective Mapping Technique for Peak-To-Average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM using Normalized Hilbert Matrix by Tekanyi, A. M. S. ; Yarima, H. I. ; Sani, S. M. (2019) - Figure 3 shows the CCDF result for the enhanced SLM technique, SLM with Hilbert matrix, and original OFDM signal, to select the phase rotation vector for the PAPR reduction with the oversampling factor (L) of 4 and the number of subcarriers set at 8. PAPR Reduction of OFDM Using a New Phase Sequence in SLM Technique. Keywords: hilbert; matrix; ofdm; papr; phase; power; reduction; signal; slm; technique
• Design of Rf Power Amplifier for aDual-Purpose Communication Satellite by Umar, S. ; Onuh, S.; David, E.; Adesina, L. (2019) - ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the design of RF power amplifiers for a dual- purpose communication satellite. Nevertheless, the rapid growing demand of mobile communication devices will be a good catalyst for the development of RF power amplifiers and a real SOC solution will hit the market very soon in the future. Keywords: amplifier; circuit; communication; design; issn; output; power
• Potentials of Utilizing Biodiesel from Cotton Seed Oil Blend with Diesel as an Alternative to Diesel Fuel in Nigeria by Hussain, I. A. ; Ibrahim, I. U. ; Ishak, B. A. ; Ahmed, A. S. (2020) - Pure diesel is observed to be thermally more efficient than biodiesel blends at low torque. Engine tests were carried out with either the pure biodiesel, with additives or with biodiesel blends. Keywords: biodiesel; blends; diesel; engine; fuel; issn; oil; power; torque
• Development of a manure spreader by Adgidzi, D; Balami, A.A. ; Bashir, M. (2007) - The ground driven manure spreader such as the trailer type manure spreader is operated by sprocket and chain from the land wheels. Smith and Wilkes (1980) classified manure spreaders according to their driving method, namely, ground driven and P.T.O. driven. Keywords: angle; hopper; machine; manure; power; shaft; spreader
• AC-DC Solid-State Conversion and Power Factor Correction using Thyristor-Based Static Var Compensator by Udo, E. U. ; Oborkhale, L. I. ; Nwaogu, C. C. ; Amadi, A. O. (2021) - AC power that is sent at high voltage over long distances and then converted down to a lower voltage is a more efficient and safer source of power in homes. The practical analysis of the converter is then plotted using a Simulink model of Matlab while a comparison of power factor and efficiency with relative to the load is drawn with Steady- State and Dynamic Performance of the Static Var Compensator (SVC). Keywords: current; factor; figure; issn; power; svc; thyristor; voltage
• Residential exposure of electromagnetic fields radiated from mobile base stations and broadcast transmitters by Udo, E. U. ; Maduka, E. B. ; Okey, D. O. (2021) - Figure 1: Radiation power level against distance by a body with area of 0.243m2 from COMPA (site 1) AZOJETE, 17(2):111-120 ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: thought.umoren@gmail.com 118 Figure 2: Radiation power level against distance by a body with area of 0.243m2 from COMPB (site 1). Keywords: base; distance; issn; power; radiation; signal; signal power
• Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)-Based Distributed Power Control Algorithm for Wireless Radio Systems by Abdulkadir, M. ; Gwoma, Z. M. ; Buji, A. B. (2017) - 5 displays the error norm and the outage of the system using the PSO-based and the weighted Sum Approach distributed power control algorithm for the static scenario. The transmitted power of all users in dB of PSO based power control algorithm for dynamic and static scenarios was considered. Keywords: algorithm; control; eqn; issn; power; power control; pso
• Optimal Load Scheduling of Power Plants in a Grid Considering the Plant’s Capacity and Line Losses by Obi, P. I. ; Oputa, O.; Amako, E. A. (2022) - Table 6: Lost coefficient of the system under analysis Line Coefficient Value (× 10−6𝑀𝑊−1 Line Coefficient Value (× 10−6𝑀𝑊−1) 𝐵11 1.46 𝐵22 2.17 𝐵33 1.15 𝐵44 1.73 𝐵55 2.22 𝐵66 2.68 𝐵77 1.99 𝐵88 2.73 𝐵99 1.68 Then the simplest power loss for the system as given in Equation (29); 𝑃𝐿 = 0.0146 ( 𝑃𝐺1 100 ) 2 + 0.0217 ( 𝑃𝐺2 100 ) 2 + 0.0115 ( 𝑃𝐺3 100 ) 2 + 0.0173 ( 𝑃𝐺4 100 ) 2 + 0.0222 ( 𝑃𝐺5 100 ) 2 + 0.0268 ( 𝑃𝐺6 100 ) 2 + 0.0199 ( 𝑃𝐺7 100 ) 2 + 0.0273 ( 𝑃𝐺8 100 ) 2 + 0.0168 ( 𝑃𝐺9 100 ) 2 (32) Starting with 𝜆1 as 400.0, the values for 𝑃𝐺1 1 , 𝑃𝐺2 1 , … . , 𝑃𝐺9 1 from Equation (30), and 𝑃𝐿 from Equation (32) were computed by a program developed in MATLAB and the results are as presented in Table 7 in MW (where 𝑃𝐺1 1 , 𝑃𝐺2 1 , … . , 𝑃𝐺9 1 are in the order as presented in the Table 5 listing the power plants, i.e 𝑃𝐺1 1 power generated by Aba power station, 𝑃𝐺2 1 is the power generated from Afam I – V Power Station and so on) Table 7: Power plant generating power after 1st iteration Plant generation Value (MW) Plant generation Value (MW) Plant generation Value (MW) 𝑃𝐺1 1 158.6728 𝑃𝐺2 1 213.6828 𝑃𝐺3 1 195.9099 𝑃𝐺4 1 178.9783 𝑃𝐺5 1 195.8261 𝑃𝐺6 1 160.2735 𝑃𝐺7 1 151.8301 𝑃𝐺8 1 217.5139 𝑃𝐺9 1 177.1645 𝑃𝐿 1 0.7215 http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:patndyobi@gmail.com http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aba_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afam_IV-V_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Afam_VI_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaoji_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alaoji_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Okpai_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Omoku_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapele_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapele_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sapele_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delta_-_Ughelli_Power_Station&action=edit&redlink=1 Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, December, 2022; Vol. 18(4):669-682 ISSN 1596-2644; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: patndyobi@gmail.com 678 Total power 2,170 MW Real power difference from the 1st iteration is therefore ∆𝑃1 = 2170 = 𝜆1 + 124.305 = 524.305 Repeating the process for the second iteration (using 𝜆2 = 524.305 ) gives the results displayed in Table 8 Table 8: Power plant generating power after 2nd iteration Plant generation Value (MW) Plant generation Value (MW) Plant generation Value (MW) 𝑃𝐺1 2 210.4095 𝑃𝐺2 2 283.5900 𝑃𝐺3 2 257.9969 𝑃𝐺4 2 235.3991 𝑃𝐺5 2 258.8524 𝑃𝐺6 2 211.9622 𝑃𝐺7 2 199.6725 𝑃𝐺8 2 287.3723 𝑃𝐺9 2 234.5880 𝑃𝐿 1 0.8632 Real power difference from the 2nd iteration is therefore ∆𝑃2 = 2170 Keywords: fuel; issn; plant; power; station
• Comparative Analysis of Grid Fragility Indices in the Nigerian Transmission Network by Oluseyi, P. O. ; Ajekigbe, T. O. ; Babatunde, O. M. ; Akinbulire, T. O. (2018) - From this, it shows the values of line stability factor (LQP) and line stability index (Lmn) obtained for each line of the Nigerian Transmission Network. Thus it was noticed that for the two line stability indices (i.e. stability factor and stability index); Line (11-10) i.e. from Oshogbo to Ikeja- West bus is the most fragile line in Nigeria-31 bus transmission network while the nearest to it are lines (24-10) i.e. from Ayede to Ikeja-West bus and (12-18) i.e. from Kaduna to Kano bus. Keywords: indices; issn; line; line stability; network; power; stability; transmission; transmission network; voltage
• Effects of Varying Transmitter Half Power Angle in Visible Light Communication by Kolawole, S. F. ; Hamza, M. (2023) - They also investigated effects of altering transmitter half power angle on optical received power where their proposed model was observed to be poorer at very low angles but outperformed the 4 LED model at higher angles. The relationship between 𝑚𝑙 and transmitter half power angle Φ1 2⁄ (degrees) is; 𝑚𝑙 = − ln(2) ln(cos Φ1 2⁄ ) (2) Keywords: angle; communication; configuration; half; power; transmitter
• Design of a Smart Solar Hybrid Egg Incubator for Small Scale Poultry Farmers by Abba-Aji, M. A.; Usman, A. R.; Shuwa, M. (2024) - Conclusion The design of solar hybrid egg incubator for poultry farmers to contain 1056 involved, designing the incubator’s chamber, egg crate and egg trays the simulation was done using solid works software in order to determine the properties of the materials for predicting some parameters, the strength of the materials such as Medium density fiber board plywood, angle iron steel, and plastic egg crate were determined and recorded, the bending moment and shear forces were calculated as11.5780665𝑁𝑀,-21.05103KN/m, and 21.05103KN/m respectively. The three important parameters for incubation of eggs are the relative humidity (warmed air surrounding the egg), temperature and egg turning in terms of angles of inclination of egg tray as it swing in either side of the axes within the incubator. Keywords: design; egg; eggs; heat; incubator; issn; power
• The Study and Analysis of Cell Phone Charging Modules in Nigeria by Efenedo, G. I.; Okpare, A. O.; Efenedo, O. M. (2024) - √ √ √ √ √ Itel (IMU05) √ √ √ √ √ AG (IC988) √ √ √ √ √ √ Desktop √ √ √ √ Tecno √ √ √ Apple USB √ √ √ √ √ Samsung Super Anker 747 √ √ √ √ √ √ Belkin Dual USB √ √ √ √ √ √ iPhone 13 √ √ √ √ √ Cheeteh 3 √ √ √ √ Apple Magsafe √ √ √ √ √ Dual Port USB Wall √ √ √ √ √ √ Amazon Basics √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Apple MFI √ √ √ √ √ √ Booster Magnetic √ √ √ √ √ √ iPhone Fast √ √ √ √ Component Failure Rate (CFR) Referring to Table 5, the data obtained by using Infinix charging module to charge Techno POP2 phone battery to 100% full capacity are employed in the plots of Figures 11-12. Keywords: chargers; charging; circuit; current; issn; modules; power; usb; voltage; √ √

• Response Surface Modeling of Soil Moisture Content Under Different Tillage Conditions by Nwachukwu, C. P.; Umobi, C. O.; Okpala, C. D.; Nwanna, E. C. (2025) - This design enabled the researchers to examine the individual and interactive effects of these factors on soil moisture content. This indicates that approximately 91% of the variation in soil moisture content could be explained by the model. Keywords: application; climate; content; irrigation; model; moisture; moisture content; npk; soil; soil moisture; tillage
• Effect of Rainfall and Fertilizer Application Timing on Nutrient Exports from a Maize Field by Ogunremi, M.; Abegunrin, T. P.; Abegunrin, T. P.; Akintola, A.; Abdulsalam, I. A. (2025) - Rainfall events ranged from 29.7 mm to 393.8 mm. In particular, the timing of fertilizer application and the influence of rainfall events play critical roles in the mobilization and transport of sediment and nutrients from agricultural fields into surface water bodies (Khan et al., 2018). Keywords: application; concentrations; events; export; fertilizer; loss; nitrogen; nutrient; rainfall; runoff; soil; tdn
• Modelling of Tractor Fuel Consumption for Harrowing Operation in a Sandy Loam Soil by Oyelade, O. A. ; Oni, K. C. (2018) - Considering the importance of harrowing operation to tillage practice in Nigerian agriculture, it became necessary to embark on the study on the modelling of tractor fuel consumption in litres per hectare (L/ha) during harrowing operation in a sandy loam soil using available information gathered from the National Centre for Agricultural Mechanization (NCAM) Tractor Test Reports. Considering the importance of harrowing operation to tillage practice in Nigerian agriculture, there is a need to develop a simple model equation for predicting tractor fuel consumption in litres per hectare (L/ha) during harrowing operation. Keywords: consumption; field; fuel; issn; loam; model; operation; soil; tractor
• Assessment of Heavy Metals Uptake by Vegetables Cultivated on Soil Receiving Industrial Wastewater in Minna, Nigeria by Adeoye, P. A. ; Saidu, Z. ; Kuti, A. I. ; Ibrahim, J. ; Adabembe, B. A. (2018) - Mean difference of heavy metal concentrations were significantly high in vegetables in dry season, with values ranging from 0.03 mg/kg to 211mg/kg in wastewater plots, 0.20 mg/kg to 215 mg/kg in wet seasons wastewater plots, 0.00 mg/kg to 157 mg/kg in dry season. Result and Discussions 3.1 Result of heavy metal concentration in irrigation water The concentration of heavy metals in the wastewater samples used for irrigation were higher than their concentration in well water used for irrigation at the control plots, Cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) higher above standard as mentioned in WHO/FAO (2007) and USEPA (2010). Keywords: heavy; irrigation; issn; metals; plots; season; soil; vegetables; wastewater
• Evaluating the Strength Characteristics of Clay- Gravel Mixtures by Akinleye, M. T. ; Salami, L. O. ; Salami, M. O. (2020) - Clayey soils have lower strength, lower permeability, higher compressibility, higher cracking potential and are apparently less susceptible to liquefaction. ISSN 1596- 2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: monsoorakinleye@gmail.com 280 Mixing of clayey soils with granular materials (e.g. sand and gravel) is one of the methods to reduce the swell and shrinkage potential as well as improved strength. Keywords: clayey; gravel; mixtures; soil; strength
• Characterization of Soils in East And West Zones of Kano River Irrigation Project, Nigeria by Mohammed, D. ; Maina, M. M. ; Audu, I. ; Tudun Wada, I .Y. ; Nasiru, N. K. ; Raj, Abhishek (2020) - In clay soils with good soil structure, there is a greater amount of pore space because the particles are very small, and many small pore spaces in between. The Pearson and Spearman coefficients between % Clay content and % OM were 0.407 and 0.473 respectively and this represent a positive relationship between the variables. Keywords: clay; conductivity; content; density; hydraulic; issn; loam; matter; relationship; soil
• Evaluating the Potential of Microorganisms in Bioremediation of Lead Polluted Soil by Atikpo, E. ; Ihimekpen, N. I. (2020) - At concentration above the threshold (100 mg/kg) in soils (Chiroma et al., 2014), it can be injurious to plants; it can limit plant growth as a result of hampered photosynthetic activities, nutrients, and performances of necessary enzymes (Kabata- Pendias, 2010; Namatian et al., 2013). ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: eguasbridge@gmail.com; eatikpo@delsu.edu.ng 389 These pairs of soil samples were inoculated with respective 24hr old Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp. that were isolated and sub-cultured and identified with the methods in (Baron et al., 1994; Holt, 1994; Cheesebrough, 2000). Keywords: bacillus; journal; metals; micrococcus; organisms; removal; soil
• Comparison of different methods for determining saturated hydraulic conductivity by Kundiri, A.M; Audu, I. ; Kundiri, A.M. (2004) - Comparison of different methods for determining saturated hydraulic conductivity 20 Table 2: Saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements (mmh -1 ) using different methods at different sites Site number Depth (cm) Guelph permeameter Velocity permeameter Disk permeameter Laboratory core 1 20 2.32 10.22 6.19 1.10 40 0.82 1.42 31.10 4.82 80 1.00 1.16 5.69 2.96 2 20 0.14 0.30 5.51 0.49 40 0.01 5.90 9.36 8.43 80 25.2 19.68 5.34 9.47 3 20 2.19 1.42 19.30 0.73 40 4.61 11.56 36.70 27.65 80 0.11 17.56 16.88 14.18 4 20 0.14 0.94 36.00 0.58 40 1.07 1.53 7.04 1.32 80 0.03 9.94 11.52 9.47 5 20 1.23 2.03 6.16 2.10 40 0.15 1.12 14.83 10.00 80 0.27 4.39 11.12 2.43 The statistical significance and multiple mean comparison of the different methods using the log10 transformed saturated hydraulic conductivity methods is presented in Table 3. The Guelph permeameter method gave the lowest estimates of saturated hydraulic conductivity, possibly because of small sample size, whereas the Disk permeameter method gave maximum values for saturated saturated hydraulic conductivity with minimum variability, possibly due to large sample size. Keywords: clay; conductivity; guelph; measurements; methods; permeameter; soil
• The Influence of Organic Matter on Soil Compactibility and Air Permeability of some Soils in Borno State by Mamman, E.; Ohu, J.O. (2004) - The degree to which soil compaction affects soil physical properties and consequently crop yields is dependent upon soil type, the number of tractor passes, tyre contact pressure, soil moisture content at the time of compaction and crop type (Voorhees, 1977; Oni and Adeoti, 1986; Ohu and Folorunso, 1989). Soil compaction reduces soil porosity and thereby deteriorates soil aeration by curtailing the exchange of air from the root zone with air from the surface (Negi et al., 1980). Keywords: air; blows; clay; compaction; content; matter; moisture; permeability; soil
• Assessment of Some Heavy Metal Pollution on Soil via E-Waste Dumping Activities and Unpolluted Soil in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria by Eyenubo, O. B. ; Peretomode, O. ; Egharevba, F. ; Osakwe, S. A. (2020) - The huge amount of e-waste generated globally, pose a lot of threat to the waste treating agencies due to the hazardous metals, inorganic and organic compounds generated by them. E- waste are made up of different components like glass, metals, plastics and ceramics that contain hazardous compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), Jinhui et al., 2011). Keywords: contamination; depths; et al; soil; waste
• Development of a Simple, Movable, Indoor Soil Bin Equipped with some Novel Measuring and Soil Preparation Devices by Oyebode, O. ; Shoji, K. (2020) - 1.2 Previous Experiments Involving Soil Bins Previously, soil bins have been used for a very wide range of soil-machine interaction researches such as performance evaluation of tillage implements (Endrerud, 1999; Shoji, 2001; Bianchini and Magalhães, 2008; Upadhyay and Raheman, 2018), determining and modelling the energy requirements of soil engaging tools (Shoji, 2004; SeyedReza, 2006; Roul et al., 2009; Subrata et al., 2014; Ibrahmi et al., 2015; Anpat and Raheman, 2017; Upadhyay and Raheman, ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Challenged by the complexities involved in constructing a standard indoor soil bin, and the difficulties in taking certain measurements before, during and after soil bin experiments, a simple soil bin was developed. Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: shojik@kobe-u.ac.jp 751 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMPLE, MOVABLE, INDOOR SOIL BIN EQUIPPED WITH SOME NOVEL MEASURING AND SOIL PREPARATION DEVICES O. Oyebode and K. Shoji* Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Japan *Corresponding author’s email address: shojik@kobe-u.ac.jp 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance of Soil Bin As important as soil bins are in soil-machine interaction studies (Ani et al., 2018), they could be an expensive and complex structure to acquire and maintain by many laboratories. Keywords: bin; compaction; cone; doi; issn; levelling; number; passages; penetrometer; sinkage; soil; soil bin
• Experimental Study on the Use of Banana and Pineapple Peel Waste as Biofertilizers, tested on Hibiscus Sabdariffa Plant: Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sanitation by Alasa, J. J. ; Bashir, A. U. ; Mustapha, M. ; Mohammed, B. (2021) - Nonetheless, achieving this based on inorganic fertilizer application is found to have deleterious effects on the environment and public health (Sönmez et al. 2007; Savci, 2012; Morakinyo et al., 2013, Sharma and Singhvi, 2017). Scientific findings revealed that these wastes contain various natural bioactive compounds that can be beneficial for plant growth (Rudra et al., 2015; Bakry et al., 2016; Khattak and Rahman, 2017; Pathak et al., 2017, Sagar et al., 2018; Vasanthi and Ramadas, 2019),hence utilizing these wastes as fertilizers for crops undoubtedly may lead to sustainable plant growth and clean environment. Keywords: banana; peel; pineapple; pineapple peel; plant; sample; soil; soil sample; waste
• Study on the Use of Banana and Pineapple Peel Waste as Biofertilizers: Enhancing soil fertility, Promoting Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Sanitation by Mustapha, M. ; Alasa, J. J. ; Bashir, A. U. ; Mohammed, B. (2021) - Hence utilizing these wastes as plant fertilizers undoubtedly may lead to increase in soil plant nutrients and sustainable plant growth and environment. Excess salts hinder plant growth by affecting the soil-water balance (Sheldon et al., 2004). Keywords: banana; peel; pineapple; plant; sample; soil; soil sample; waste
• An Investigation of Soil Bearing Capacity for Building and Structural Foundation Design: A Case Study of Polo Area, Maiduguri, Nigeria. by Muhammad, I.S. ; Alkali , A.M ; Bulu, K. (2022) - γ (3) where: γ = Unit weight of foundation soil in KN/m³, D f = depth of the foundation (m), c,ϕ = Strength parameters of the soil below foundation level in KN/m² and degrees respectively, B = Width of foundation in (m), Nc Nγ Nq = Bearing capacity coefficients dependent on the angle of internal friction. Soil samples were then taken into polythene bags to avoid loss of moisture and further subjected to laboratory analysis. Keywords: bearing; capacity; foundation; soil
• Effects of Tillage Treatments on Weed Control in a Maize Field on Sandy Loam Soil of North Eastern Nigeria by Kawuyo, U. A.; Haque, M. A.; Usman, A. M. (2007) - Usman1 Abstract This study was carried out to determine the effects of tillage treatments; namely: zero-tillage (T1), disc ploughing (T2), disc harrowing (T3) and disc ploughing followed by disc harrowing (T4) on weed control in a maize field. Print ISSN: 1596-2644, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng EFFECTS OF TILLAGE TREATMENTS ON WEED CONTROL IN A MAIZE FIELD ON SANDY LOAM SOIL OF NORTH EASTERN NIGERIA Kawuyo, U.A.1, M. A. Haque1 and A.M. Keywords: soil; tillage; treatments; wap; weed
• Effect of Chemical Fertilizers on Groundwater Quality in an Unconfined Aquifer by Adesiji, A. R. ; Jimoh, O. D.; Adeoye, P. A. ; Odofin, A. J.; Asogwa, O. E. ; Mangey, J. A. ; Odekunle, O. M. (2023) - The role of lysimeters in the development of our understanding of soil water and nutrient dynamics in ecosystems. In this study, the fertilizers application rate was varied and their effects on groundwater quality with soil depths of 30 cm and 60 cm were observed. Keywords: fertilizers; groundwater; issn; soil; study; values
• Remediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Vermicompost in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria by Ehiomogue, P. O. ; Ahuchaogu, I. I. ; Udoumoh, U. I. (2023) - (Chen et al., 2015). One of the most affordable solutions for soil bioremediation is composting, the main procedure for stabilizing municipal and agricultural solid waste through the decomposition of biodegradable components by microbial communities or earth worms (Chen et al., 2015; Dores-Silva et al., 2019; Kästner and Miltner, 2016). Keywords: adsorption; anfis; ann; batch; crude; et al; issn; journal; model; process; remediation; removal; soil; vermicompost; 𝑀𝑆𝐸
• Mathematical Modeling of Field Recital of Harrow in Clay – Loam Soil in South Eastern Nigeria by Okeke, C. G. ; Oduma, O. (2023) - Additionally, the range of predicted field efficiency (81.29 – 91.64%) obtained (Table 2) is within the experimental range and somewhat higher than the range of field efficiency of 72.90 – 78.80% gotten by Sale et al. (2013) in their study of performance of selected tillage implements and may be ascribed to variation in soil conditions. Table 2: Randomized design layout of three levels –three factors full factorial composite design of experiment with actual and predicted values of energy requirements of disc harrow Run order Coded factors Actual factors Field efficiency, % A B C Harrowing depth (cm) Keywords: depth; efficiency; field; field efficiency; harrow; model; soil; speed; tillage; width; working
• Impact of Soil Compaction and Mulching on Growth and Yield of Cowpea in Ile-Ife, Nigeria by Adeboye, O. B.; Odediran, S. O.; Adeboye, A. P.; Adekalu, O. K. (2024) - There is little doubt of the economic and ecological damage of soil compaction to society (Graves et al., 2015). It is reasonable to assume that the increase in agricultural machinery loads has exacerbated the extent and severity of soil compaction. Keywords: compaction; cowpea; issn; mulching; passes; soil; tractor; yield
• Modeling of Field Efficiency of a Tine Harrow on Clay Loam Soil in Abia State by Eni-Ikeh, S. N. (2024) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545- 5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: eni-ikeh.stella@mouau.edu.ng 236 Table 2: Randomized design layout of three levels –three factors full factorial composite design of experiment with actual and predicted values of field efficiency of tine harrow Run order Coded factors Actual factors Field efficiency, % A B C Harrowing depth (cm) Effective working Width (cm) Operati onal speed (km/hr) Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: eni-ikeh.stella@mouau.edu.ng 231 MODELING OF FIELD EFFICIENCY OF A TINE HARROW ON CLAY LOAM SOIL IN ABIA STATE S. N. Eni-Ikeh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria *Corresponding author's email address: eni-ikeh.stella@mouau.edu.ng ARTICLE INFORMATION Submitted 5 February, 2024 Revised 23 February, 2024 Accepted 25 February, 2024 Keywords: Farmers field efficiency tine harrow clay-loam Abia State ABSTRACT This study was conducted to model the field efficiency of tine harrow on clay-loam soil in Abia State using response surface methodology. Keywords: depth; efficiency; field; harrow; soil; speed; tillage; tine; working
• Effect of Harrowing Depth, Speed and Effective Cutting Width on Fuel Consumption Rate of a Tine Harrow on Clay Loam Soil in Abia State by Eni-Ikeh, S. N. (2024) - Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: eni-ikeh.stella@mouau.edu.ng 295 EFFECT OF HARROWING DEPTH, SPEED AND EFFECTIVE CUTTING WIDTH ON FUEL CONSUMPTION RATE OF A TINE HARROW ON CLAY LOAM SOIL IN ABIA STATE S. N. Eni-Ikeh Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria *Corresponding author's email address: eni-ikeh.stella@mouau.edu.ng ARTICLE INFORMATION Submitted 12 January, 2024 Revised 22 February, 2024 Accepted 25 February, 2024 Keywords: Fuel consumption clay- loam harrow farmers Abia State ABSTRACT This research was conducted to study the effect of harrowing depth, speed and effective cutting width on fuel consumption rate of a tine harrow on clay loam soil in Abia state to aid farmers to examine and choose the right harrowing implement based on the soil type for an effective and munificent production. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545- 5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: eni-ikeh.stella@mouau.edu.ng 300 Figure 1 shows the response surface diagram of operational speeds, working width and cutting depth against the fuel consumption rate showing the relationship among the factors (operational speed, width and harrowing depth) and the response (fuel consumption rate). Keywords: consumption; depth; fuel; harrow; model; rate; soil; speed; tillage; width
• Strength Characteristics of Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitate/Cement Stabilized Laterite Blocks by Abdullahi, S.; Amartey, B. H. S.; Kaura, J. M.; Amartey, Y. D. (2024) - Optimizing laterite cement blocks in the construction of masonry using quarry dust. To achieve this, the compressive strength of unmodified lateritic soil blocks, Bacillus coagulans calcite precipitate modified lateritic soil blocks, cement modified lateritic soil blocks as well as the combined effects of the Bacillus coagulans calcite precipitate and 5% cement stabilized lateritic soil blocks were determined. Keywords: blocks; cement; coagulans; compressive; days; laterite; soil; strength
• The Implication of Tillage Practices and Decapitation Techniques on the Growth and Biomass Yield of Fluted Pumpkin by Tom, C. N.; Edet, J. A.; Erokare, T. E.; Igbozulike, A. O.; Ugwu, E. C.; Orji, F. N.; Udenze, N. F. (2024) - 2.4 Treatments Used for Tillage Practices: Bed tillage system (B) Ridge tillage system (R) Flat (no tillage) system (F) Soil tillage in Africa: FAO needs and challenges. Keywords: biomass; branches; decapitation; growth; leaf; number; pumpkin; removal; soil; tillage; yield
• Groundwater Contamination Risk Assessment: Pahs Pollution from Crude Oil Leaching in Ogbia, Bayelsa State by Ijaola, O. O. (2025) - 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Comparison of PAHs concentrations between sample Locations and Pathways Table 1: PAHs concentration between soil samples Location Naphthalene Acenaphthene Fluorene Pyrene Anthracene Benzo(a)anthracene PPM PPM PPM PPM PPM PPM L1S1 1.265 0.0543 0.0368 0.041 0.0325 0.0027 L1S2 1.245 0.0469 0.0376 0.026 0.071 0.0387 LI S3 1.0502 0.0371 0.0048 0.0056 0.0037 0.0052 L2S1 1.342 0.0288 0.0236 0.012 0.064 0.048 L2S2 1.289 0.0385 0.0397 0.045 0.034 0.028 L2S3 1.05 0.0382 0.005 0.0082 0.017 0.0074 L3S1 1.258 0.0384 0.0397 0.024 0.062 0.061 L3S2 1.267 0.0369 0.0397 0.034 0.045 0.055 ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author's email address: ijaolaoo@fuotuoke.edu.ng 718 3.2 Comparison analysis of PAHs pathway within each sampled location with USEPA and Statistical Deductions Table 2: Mean Values of PAHs concentration within each sampled Locations compared with USEPA Standard and Statistical inferences Contaminants L1 L2 L3 USEPA P-value (soils) P-value (water) Keywords: concentrations; contamination; environmental; groundwater; health; journal; location; pahs; pollution; samples; soil; value

• Performance Evaluation of Yolo Object Detection Models for Automated License Plate Recognition by Odeyinka, O. F.; Raheem, W. A.; Folorunso, C. O.; Fajinmi, A. (2025) - It is also recommended that the evaluation of other prominent object detection models alongside YOLO variants. The different pictures also helped to ensure diversity in the dataset, thus providing the foundation for the subsequent analysis and model training. Keywords: detection; license; model; object; plate; precision; recall; score; training; yolo; yolov3
• Modelling of a Real-Time Aerial Surveillance System for Quadcopter Application Using Machine Vision by Okhiria, K. ; Jiya, J. D.; Sintali, I. S. (2025) - The use of quadcopter with CNN based detection model for real time surveillance is recently gaining ground in the engineering field, (Abdou & Aziz, 2021) leveraged on the use of AI and UAV technology for a real-time human and cars detection and tracking system using a CNN object detection algorithm YOLOv4 and a multi-tracking algorithm DeepSORT. Table 3: Detailed Results of Training Table 4: Performance Metrics Object detector Class No of training images Average precision No of test images Epoch Darknet–based YOLOv3 Bandit 800 0.81 200 192 Suspect 400 1.00 100 192 Weapon 400 1.00 100 192 Object detector Precision recall F1-score Average IoU mAP@0.50 Keywords: bandit; dataset; detection; image; learning; model; object; surveillance; suspect; time; training; weapon; yolov3
• Symmetric and Asymmetric Based Encryption Model for Mobile Commerce by Abikoye, O. C. ; Dokoro, A. H. ; Abdullahi, A. (2019) - RSA private key-d, and AES secret key are known only to the user. Secure key establishment can be achieved through the following operations: The sender (client) generates AES secret key whose length is either 128, 192, or 256 bits. Keywords: aes; algorithm; encryption; issn; key; model; rsa
• Optimization of Fin Geometry for Condensation on Integral Fin Tubes by Dandajeh, H. A. ; Sanusi, Y. S. (2020) - file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Dandajeh and Sanusi: Optimization of fin geometry for condensation on integral fin tubes. The calculated enhancement ratio response varies in the same file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Dandajeh and Sanusi: Optimization of fin geometry for condensation on integral fin tubes. Keywords: condensation; enhancement; fin; model; ratio; steam; tube
• CAT Swarm optimization based clustering algorithm for fuzzy time series forecasting by Abubakar, A. M. ; Man-Yahya, S. (2019) - file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Abubakar and SMan-Yahya: CAT Swarm optimization based clustering algorithm for fuzzy time series forecasting AZOJETE, 15(1):40-54. Table 3: UniMaid Enrolment Data Year Enrolment Year Enrolment 1976 743 1985 5800 1977 1128 1986 6168 1978 1882 1987 6711 1979 2500 1988 7238 1980 2925 1989 7687 1981 3251 1990 7960 1982 4561 1991 8302 1983 5329 1992 9884 1984 5719 1993 11410 2.2 Fuzzy Time Series and its concept The definition of fuzzy time series was firstly introduced by Song and Chissom (1993a). Keywords: data; forecasting; fuzzy; issn; model; series; time; time series
• Experimental Validation of a Best-Fit Model for Predicting Radio Wave Propagation through Vegetation by Imoize, A. L. ; Otuokere, E. M. ; Ajose, S. O. ; Adegbenro, A. O. (2019) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: aimoize@unilag.edu.ng 181 �론摨������ �� � ��론摨���� �� � ������� (14) ��론摨�������� � �����t�����݈����� �݊ � ��݂t (15) ������� � ���th����� � ���th������ � ���th������ (16) In addition, measured path loss was obtained by substituting the computed values of ����� ����� and the values of �� ��� into Eq. Keywords: loss; model; propagation; ݈ �; ݊ �; 론摨 �; � t; � th; � ݈; � ݊; � 摨; � �
• Numerical Analysis of Two Term Model Using Newton’S Method on Drying Kinetics of an Improved Cowpea (It 97K-56S-Is) by Ajao, T. O.; Raji, A. O. (2018) - If �� is the current estimate, then the next estimate ���� is given by: n+1is given by; ���� � ��+ �晦��� ��晦��� (9) 3.5 Computer Programming and Algorithm Computer programs are merely a set of instructions that direct the computer to perform a certain task. The moisture ratio (MR) of the samples during the thin layer drying experiments was calculated using Equation 2.2 according to Ojediran and Raji (2010): �瀀 � ���� ����� (2) Matured pods were harvested by hand at period of harvest of 60 Days After Planting (DAP) in line with the recommendation of Directorate Plant Production (DPP, 2011) and to avoid shattering of the pods. Keywords: cowpea; drying; method; model; newton; numerical; raji; � t; � 晦; � �
• Comparative Analysis and Simulation of the d-q Reference Frame Model of the Three Phase Induction Motor and its Modification by Olarinoye, G. A. ; Abdulwahab, I. (2022) - The simulation showed identical results of motor speed, torque and flux behavior for the two models. Furthermore, it was observed that the d-q axis voltages and currents of the proposed model exhibit oscillations during motor acceleration time because of the dynamics of alignment but attain constant values during the time that motor speed is constant. Keywords: axis; flux; frame; induction; model; motor; reference
• Best-Fit Probability Distribution Model for Annual Monthly Maximum Rainfall in Calabar City, Nigeria by Akpen, G. D. ; Ijasini , I. D. ; Ekwo, G. N. (2022) - ISSN 1596-2644; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: akpen.gabriel@uam.edu.ng 293 this study, reveals that, Log-Normal distribution was the best-fit model for Calabar in the case of annual maximum monthly rainfall data. However, it is possible to use rainfall data spanning over a long period of time to estimate the likelihood of a rainfall of a particular magnitude ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT The choice of a suitable model that could predict the possibility of occurrence of rainfall event of a specified magnitude depends mainly on the characteristics of rainfall data at a particular site. Keywords: calabar; data; distribution; fit; issn; july; model; probability; rainfall
• Masonry structural behaviour at different scales under compressive loading by Mohammed, A.; Hughes, T. G. (2008) - Most small scale masonry model tests to date have shown that the models are stronger than the prototypes, as seen in Egermann et al. (1991). Hughes, T. G., Davies, M. C. R., Taunton, P. R. & Burroughs, P. O. (2002) Centrifuge testing of small scale masonry. Keywords: compressive; masonry; model; mortar; prototype; scales; stiffness; strength
• Reduction of Colour from Indigo Dye-Rich Wastewater by Electro-Coagulation using Iron (Fe) and Aluminum (Al) Electrodes by Badejo, A. A. ; Nkeshita, F. C. ; Adelasoye, O. J. ; Adeyanju, O. P. (2022) - These include physico-chemical, chemical, advanced oxidation, microbiological, enzymatic decomposition and electrochemical methods such as: Adsorption with inorganic and organic supports, coagulation by aluminum, lime, or iron salts, ion exchange and filtration, subsurface flow constructed wetlands, wet electrolytic oxidation and EC (Badejo et al., 2012; Carlos et al., 2009; Forgacs et al., (2004); Martínez-Huitl and Brillas, 2009; Robinson et al., (2001); Dai et al., 2006). Bazrafshan et al., (2013) observed that the technology removed approximately 98% of COD, BOD, TSS and bacterial indicators on diary wastewater. Keywords: dye; issn; model; removal; time; treatment; wastewater
• Modeling Rainfall-Runoff Relations Using HEC-HMS in an Oil Palm Catchment for Double Rain Events in Labu River Basin of Peninsular Malaysia by Adesiji, A. R. ; Odekunle, M. O.; Mangey, J. A. ; Adeyemo, B. G.; Yaba, T. (2023) - Detection of conceptual model rainfall— runoff processes inside an artificial neural network. The Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient is used in assessing the predictive power of hydrological models, and it is defined as equation 1   = − = − − −= T t o t o t m t o T t QQ QQ E 1 2 2 1 )( )( 1 (1) Where; Keywords: basin; catchment; data; flow; hec; hms; issn; labu; model; rainfall; runoff
• Prediction of Bus Travel Time on Urban Routes without Designated Bus Stops in Makurdi Town, Benue State, Nigeria by Adeke, P. T. ; Inalegwu, O. J. ; Jirgba, K. (2019) - The establishment of designated bus stops along bus routes within Makurdi town to minimise bus dwell frequency and for accurate estimation of bus travel time, as well as erection of travel information bill boards along bus routes stating average bus travel time to inform commuters that have high value of travel time were recommended. Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng 406 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE PREDICTION OF BUS TRAVEL TIME ON URBAN ROUTES WITHOUT DESIGNATED BUS STOPS IN MAKURDI TOWN, BENUE STATE, NIGERIA P. T. Adeke1*, O. J. Inalegwu2 and K. Jirgba3 (1,2Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. Keywords: bus; bus travel; makurdi; model; routes; time; town; traffic; travel; travel time; variables
• Effects of Pathloss on Capacity of Wireless LTE Network in Fupre, Effurun, Nigeria by Onyishi, D. U.; Oweh, V. E. (2024) - The use of log distance and Log-normal shadowing modelling can be used in determining the said parameters mentioned above and emphasis will be laid equally on considering the effects and relationship of distance on measured path loss, predicted path loss, network capacity and average path loss. Table 2: Measured path loss, predicted path loss and mean square Error for MTN S/N DIST. Keywords: issn; loss; model; network; path; path loss
• Optimization of Groundnut Oil Extraction using Chemical Method by Mari, H. H.; Mustapha, N.; Mohammed , I.; Mohammed , H. D.; Kiman, S ; Ngulde, A. B. (2024) - According to Prasad et al. (2022), the solvent extraction is encountered during various processes in the food industry, viz oil extraction from oilseeds, flavoring and polyphenolic compounds extraction from herbs and spices, and the reasons for the preferred choice of solvent extraction include easy availability at lower price from petroleum-based solvents. In addition to direct consumption, either with or without treatment, peanuts can be the subject of diverse applications focusing mainly on two distinct objectives: oil extraction and defatting processes (Mahfoud et al., 2023) and more than 70% of the harvest is used for oil extraction (Kotadiya and Patel, 2022). Keywords: extraction; groundnut; issn; model; oil; peanut; response; solvent; yield

• Mechanical Properties of Goat Hoof Fiber Reinforced Polystrene Composite for Car Bumper by Nathan, C.; Bwala, E. B.; Barnabas, A. A.; Ayomikun, I. Y. (2025) - Fiber Loading % A B C D E F Figure 1: Plot of Tensile Strength against Fiber Loading Note: CBSA=Bumper sample of Toyota corolla LE, CBSB=Bumper sample of Mercedes Benz C class, CBSC=Bumper sample of Honda 86 Figure 2: Different % composition mixes of goat hoof fibers and polystyrene matrix were used as samples A-F. Samples A(100% polystyrene and 0% goat hoof), sample B(90% polystyrene and 10% goat hoof), sample C(80% polystyrene and 20% goat hoof), sample D (70% polystyrene and 30% goat hoof), sample E (60 polystyrene and 40% goat hoof), sample F (50 polystyrene and 50% goat hoof. Keywords: bumper; fiber; goat; hoof; journal; polystyrene; sample; strength
• Effects of Fibre Length and Fibre Loading on Tensile and Flexural Properties of Luffa Cylindrica Reinforced Polylactic Acid Composite by Bukar, M.; Aji, I. S.; Mshelia, Z. A.; Hammajam, A. A. (2025) - In addition, the mechanical properties of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites are significantly influenced by various factors, including fibre length and fibre loading (Saba et al., 2016). This study aims to investigate the effects of fibre length and fibre loading on the tensile and flexural properties of Luffa Cylindrica reinforced Polylactic acid composites. Keywords: composites; fibre; length; loading; luffa; pla; strength; tensile
• Comparative Analysis of received GSM Signal Strength Network in University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria by Adegoke, A. O. ; Bakura, M. U. M. ; Mustapha, I. ; Sani, I. M. (2019) - ABSTRACT GSM Network in Nigeria in recent times has been epileptic due to drop in signal strength, which causes customer dissatisfaction with the quality of service delivery by network operators. GSM network in Nigeria is currently faced with the challenges of customers’ dissatisfaction in the quality of service offered by the existing network operators due to frequent dropped calls, poor network interconnectivity, echoes and network congestion encountered (Ogbutezie et al., 2013). Keywords: gprs; hspa; network; signal; strength; university
• The Effect of Fiber Sizes on Mechanical Properties of Millet Husk (Pennisetum glaucum) Fiber Filled High Density Polyethylene Composites by Hammajam, A. A. ; Nur, I. Z. ; Salit, S. M. ; Zulkeffle, L. (2020) - * Corresponding author’s email address: hammajam92@gmail.com 1.0 Introduction Agro waste and natural fiber composites are not altogether a new phenomenon. This investigation try to evaluate the effect of millet husk fiber sizes on the mechanical properties filled high density polyethylene composites. Keywords: composites; fiber; hdpe; husk; mhp; millet; properties; sizes; strength; tensile
• Mechanical properties of rice husk ash cement mass concrete mixed with discrete steel fibres. by Abiodun, Y. O. ; Sijuwola, O.O. (2019) - Mechanical properties of rice husk ash cement mass concrete mixed with discrete steel fibres. Mechanical properties of rice husk ash cement mass concrete mixed with discrete steel fibres. Keywords: ash; cement; concrete; fibres; husk; issn; rice; steel; strength
• The role of horticultural package vent hole design on structural performance by Fadiji, T. ; Berry, T. ; Coetzee, C. ; Opara, U. L. (2018) - The compression strength of ventilated packages was influenced by package designs (Fadiji et al., 2016). Part II: Effect of package design. Keywords: board; compression; flute; package; strength; vent
• Mechanical and Microstructural Characterization of Alkali-Activated Coconut Shell Ash Mortar by Olonade, K. A. ; Bello, T. (2019) - Figure 8 on the other hand shows microstructure of activated mortar samples cured for 120 days. However, at age 28 days, alkali activated mortar produced with 14M concentration had gain more strength, which was about double its strength at 7 days (9.9 N/mm2). Keywords: alkali; ash; cement; coconut; csa; figure; issn; mortar; naoh; shell; strength
• Waste to wealth in building materials development: a review of plastic waste in concrete by Anum, I. ; Job, O. F. (2021) - Prahallada and Prakash (2009) have reported that the maximum compressive strength of waste plastic fibre reinforced concrete can be obtained with 1% addition of waste plastic Anum and Job : Waste to wealth in building materials development: a review of plastic waste in concrete. The effects of waste plastic materials on slump, density, compressive strength, tensile/flexural strength and permeability are discussed. Keywords: aggregates; concrete; density; et al; fibres; issn; journal; materials; plastic; polyethylene; properties; strength; waste
• Profiled Deck Composite Slab Strength Verification by Mohammed, K. ; Abd Karim, I. ; Bulu, K. (2017) - However, the volumes of research findings and proposals on the complex shear characteristics of profiled deck composite slab, the laboratory performance testing stands to be the only accurate means for the determination of composite slab strength (Abbas et al, 2015). However, several research findings and proposals on the complex shear characteristics of profiled deck composite slab showed that the laboratory performance testing stands to be the only accurate means for the determination of composite slab strength. Keywords: bond; deck; shear; slab; steel; strength
• Propagation Loss Determination of GSM Signal Strength in Selected Buildings in Ilorin, Nigeria by Akanni, J. ; Oraiye, O. T. ; Isa, A. A. ; Ogunbiyi, O. (2021) - Buildings penetration loss leads to an increase in attenuation of the received signal observed when the mobile is moved from outside to inside of a building (Idim and Anyasi , 2014). Building penetration loss which is one of the major parameter in the determination of received signal strength inside a building in telecommunication systems design has been evaluated for the selected building made of different materials. Keywords: building; dbm; gsm; issn; loss; penetration; signal; strength
• Simulation and Experimental Study of Tensile Strength of Ukam Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites using ANSYS by Okpanachi, G. E. ; Hassan, A. S.; Ahmed, El – M. A. ; Hussein, S. U. ; Alapa, F. (2022) - Natural fibre reinforced composites can be used as substitute for the synthetic fibre composites because of their biodegradable properties which will be a key to solving environmental problems although, the strength of natural fibres is not as high as glass fibres, their specific properties are comparable. Assessing mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced composites for engineering applications. Keywords: composites; fibre; issn; properties; strength; tensile; ukam
• Influence of Tungsten Inert Gas Welding on Hardness, Tensile Strength and Microstructures of Aluminum 6061 Alloy Weldments by Musa, A. A.; Mohammed, M. A. ; Dauda, E. T. (2022) - Identification of the mechanical properties in the heat-affected zone of aluminum welded structures. Table 3: Tensile test results for both welded and unwelded samples Experimental parameter Unwelded sample Welded sample Original length (mm) 37 37 Gauge length (mm) 27 27 Fracture load (KN) 4.5 4.63 Ultimate tensile strength (N/mm²) 348.67 300.35 Maximum load (KN) 6.28 5.43 Elongation percentage (%) 25 13 3.3 Microstructural Examination Microstructural characterization studies were conducted on metallographically prepared samples to investigate the morphological characteristics of both the welds and the base metal. Keywords: alloy; aluminum; gas; hardness; issn; metal; strength; tensile; welding
• Evaluation of the Mechanical Properties of Surface Modified Ukam Fibre Reinforced Polyester Composites by Okpanachi, G. E. ; Abugh, A. ; Nyior, G. B. ; Suleiman, U. H. (2023) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: okpanachi1976@gmail.com 6 Figure 2: Tensile strength of composites as a result of fibre surface treatment and loading The results showed increase in tensile strength with increase in fibre reinforced composites was consistently higher than the untreated composites. Figures 3 and 4 respectively present the MOE and the percentage elongation of fibre surface treatment at various loadings. Keywords: acetylation; composites; fibre; loading; properties; strength; surface; treatment; ukam
• Evaluation of the Influence of Ground Wastes Glass on Mechanical Properties of High Performance Concrete by Auwal, A. M. ; Mtallib, M. O. A. ; Abdulwahab , M. T. ; Mohammed, A. (2023) - It may also be due to the increase in water demand due to increase in GWG content leading to the increase in surface area of glass particles and the number of angular shaped glass particles in the mix resulting in lesser fluidity Consistent with the findings of Ferraris et al. (2001) and Shekhawat and Aggarwal (2014). The constituent materials used for the production of HPC are the same as those for CC except that HPC has higher cement content about 450-550kg/m3, silica fume or any other supplementary cementitious materials and always a superplasticizer (Neville and Brooks, 2010). Keywords: cement; concrete; glass; gwg; hpc; issn; opc; replacement; strength; waste
• Properties of Self-Compacting Mortar made with Sorghum Husk Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste as Binder by Hassan, I. O. ; Bolaji, O. W. ; Adedapo, J. O. (2019) - In this study the effects of the blends of sorghum husk ash (SHA) and calcium carbide waste (CCW) on the fresh properties of self compacting mortar was investigated where various tests were carried out which included physical and chemical properties of the constituents materials, Flow cone test for paste, Mini v-funnel flow time and Mortar flow spread test for determination of saturation dosage of HRWR for self compacting mortar made with sorghum husk ash and calcium carbide waste as binder, were carried out. Self compacting mortar made with SHA/CCW combinations as binder can be adopted for use in masonry work as it conforms to type N of ASTM C270 mortar © 2019 Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. Keywords: ash; binder; calcium; ccw; concrete; flow; issn; materials; mortar; sha; strength; waste
• Investigation of the Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Welded API X70 Pipeline Steel by Ike, T. M. ; Adedipe, O. ; Lawal, S. A. ; Abolarin, M. S.; Olugboji, O. A. (2019) - The chemical composition of the X70 steel used for the experimental investigation in Leonardo et al. (2014) is shown in Table 1. file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Ike, et al: Investigation of the mechanical and microstructural properties of welded API X70 pipeline steel. Figure 1: Tensile test specimen file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Ike, et al: Investigation of the mechanical and microstructural properties of welded API X70 pipeline steel. Keywords: haz; issn; metal; pipeline; properties; right; seawater; steel; strength; test; weld
• Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene Film as Vacuum Packaging Material for Dried Fish by Mohammed, I. A. ; Adedipe, O. ; Jiya, Y. A.; Ayuba, A. B.; Obanimomo, K. T.; Bala, K. C. (2023) - Commonly used packaging films include ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT This study investigated the mechanical properties of three sets of polypropylene packaging films and existing dried fish packaging films and the quality of dried fish packaging in Nigeria... Mechanical strength is one of the main factors considered when selecting fish packaging films (Adejumo, 2013) due to the shape and spines of dried fish (Ainara et al., 2019). Keywords: films; fish; packaging; packaging films; polypropylene; properties; sample; strength
• Effects of Orientation on the Properties of Fan Palm Fibre Reinforced Sheet by Adeleke, O. A.; Yinusa, B.; Azeez, M. A.; Arisoyin, A. G. (2024) - The effects of fibre orientations and percentage of fibre were significant on compressive and flexural strength (p < 0.05) as shown in Table 6 because the compressive strength increases with increase in fibre orientation but decreases with increase in percentage of fibre in the fan palm fibre reinforcement sheets and this was depicted in the response surface plot of the relationship as shown in Figure 3. The effects of fibre orientations and percentage of fibre were significant on compressive at p < 0.05 and compressive strength increases with increase in fibre orientation but decreases with increase in percentage of fibre in the fan palm fibre reinforcement sheets. Keywords: fan; fibre; orientation; palm; percentage; strength
• Investigation of the Properties of Concrete Made with Fly-Ash and Dry Waste Okra Powder by Rahmat, Y.; Abdulazeez, A. S.; Gambo, I.; Audu, I.; Isah, A. A. (2024) - The research investigates the effect of fly ash (FA) and dry waste okra powder (DWOP) on the strength performance of concrete. The replacement was done at 10% with fly-ash, other concrete mix include percentage dosage of dry waste okra powder was at 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1% at 10% fly ash as cement replacement. Keywords: admixture; ash; cement; concrete; dwop; fly; mm²; okra; powder; strength; waste
• Influence of Rubber Crumbs on the Structural Efficiency of Concrete Made from Ceramic Tile Aggregates by Adetiloye, A.; Akinyele, J. O.; Adeoye, O. W.; Labiran, J. O. (2024) - This percentage replacement was in agreement with Akinyele et al. (2016) where it was stated that “the systematic reduction of ultimate strength in tyre–rubber concrete might restrict its use in concentrations exceeding 8% for structural applications”, hence the restriction to 10% replacement. The ACI 209R-92 equations for the prediction of concrete strength were used to determine the one-year strength of the concrete samples. Keywords: concrete; crumbs; days; rubber; samples; strength; test; tiles
• Effect of Particle and Fiber Loading on Tensile, Flexural and Impact Properties of Hybridized Balanite Shell Particles and Palmyra Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite by Charles, D.; Aji, I. S.; Mshelia, Z. A. (2025) - Conclusion Balanite shell particles and Palmyra fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composite was successfully produced using the hand lay-up method and compression molding operation. In another study, (Rizal et al., 2018) studied the crystalline Structure, morphology, Wettability, Interfacial Shear Strength, tensile, flexural and impact strength of Typha fiber reinforced epoxy composite. Keywords: balanite; composites; epoxy; fiber; palmyra; particles; properties; reinforcement; shell; strength; tensile
• Optimization of Arc Welding Parametric Influence on Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Metals by Olorunfemi, B. J.; Adeleye, B. S.; Bello, K. A.; Oginni, O. T. (2025) - 2.7 Response surface methodology (RSM) RSM was used to investigate the response of welding process parameters to the physical properties of INCONEL 625 and GL E36 steel based on design expert software. Various defects in welding technologies have been eliminated by using the correct combination of welding process parameters, technical know-how, response surface methodology, and optimization tools. Keywords: feed; hardness; journal; materials; parameters; process; rate; speed; strength; technology; tensile; welding

• Design and Implementation of FPGA Accelerator for Vision Based Fire Detection by Hassan, A.; Ngene, C. U.; Dibal, P. Y. (2025) - To address the shortcomings of such sensor-based methods, several image processing and computer vision approaches to fire detection have been proposed. Several image processing and computer vision approaches to fire detection have been proposed. Keywords: accelerator; detection; fire; hardware; image; pixel; smoke; technology; video
• A review of rheological properties of high quality cassava flour (HQCF) composites. by Okoko, J. U. ; Alonge, A. F. ; Ngoddy, P. O. (2018) - Several researchers have developed a range of breads using cassava flour whose properties are akin to those of wheat flour breads. Onyango et al. (2011), however, is optimistic that in Africa and Latin America, cassava flour possesses an abundant potential as a substitute for wheat flour in bread making; the consistency, which is an offshoot of rheological properties, in flour quality being a foremost challenge, nevertheless (Hershey et al., 2000). Keywords: bread; cassava; cassava flour; composite; development; et al; flour; food; issn; products; properties; quality; rheological; technology; wheat
• A Review of TV White Space Technology and its Deployments in Africa by Mustapha, I. ; Bakura, Mala U. M. ; Mustapha, D. ; Abbagana, M. (2019) - Using TV white space spectrum to practise Telemedicine: A Promising Technology to enhance Broadband Internet Connectivity within healthcare facilities in rural regions of developing countries. To convey the evolutionary trends in the development of TV white space technology, this paper presents a comprehensive review on the contemporary approaches to TV white space technology and practical deployments of pilot projects in Africa. Keywords: access; africa; bands; et al; internet; issn; radio; space; spectrum; technology; tvws; white; wireless
• Cranfield University and University of Maiduguri CubeSat (CUUMcube) for Technology Demonstration: Baseline and Mission Design by Ishaq, M. I. ; Kyari, R. A. ; Halliru, I. ; Amulah, C. N. (2021) - As a result, in the process of CUUMcube mission design, special attention is given to the payload and mass (requirements). The use of the CubeSat platform for technology demonstration is grouped into two categories; demonstration of technologies planned for larger and more expensive missions and technologies for future CubeSat missions (Poghosyan & Golkar, 2017). Keywords: cranfield; cubesat; cuumcube; data; deployment; design; dom; ground; issn; maiduguri; mission; orbit; spacecraft; technology; university
• Technology Awareness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Application for Public Procurement Process in Nigeria by Yamusa, M. A. ; Lawal, H. S. ; Abdullahi, M. ; Ishaq, Z. H. (2023) - Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: yamusajf@yahoo.com 573 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE TECHNOLOGY AWARENESS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) APPLICATION FOR PUBLIC PROCUREMENT PROCESS IN NIGERIA M. A. Yamusa1,2*, H. S. Lawal2, M. Abdullahi1,2 and Z. H. Ishaq3 1Public Procurement Research Centre, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. The BPP Conversion Status of the respondents has shown a significant level of impact on the awareness of the respondents on the use of AI in public procurement process. Keywords: awareness; issn; level; processes; procurement; respondents; technology

• Synchronized Analysis of Biodiesel from Khaya Senegalensis Oils Using FTIR, GC-MS and NMR at Top Parametric Conditions by Ishaya, Z. D.; Samuel, J.; Ede, G. E.; Ede, G. E.; Yawas, D. S.; Bwede, J. Y. (2025) - Some studies in the area of biodiesel production include: Alahmar et al., (2025) that investigated the efficient way of producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil by the use of a bifunctional catalyst. The exhaust emissions comes along with environmental pollutants that contaminate the air, also the emissions are responsible for climate change and coronary disease (Ishaya et al., 2020a). Keywords: acid; biodiesel; ester; et al; figure; ftir; methyl; oil; − 𝐻; − 𝑂; 𝐶 stretch; 𝐶 −; 𝐶𝐻2; 𝑐𝑚−1
• The Effect of Zinc Dialkyl Dithiophosphate (ZDDP) Additive on the Tribological Properties of Mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) Seed Oil by Ayuba, D.M.; Hammajam, A. A.; Abba-Aji, M. A.; Amos, C. (2025) - The tribological performance of mahogany seed oil bio-lubricant is strongly influenced by ZDDP concentration, load, and sliding speed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to systematically investigate the effect of zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) as an additive on the tribological properties of mahogany seed oil. Keywords: 10⁻³; bio; friction; lubricant; mahogany; mahogany seed; oil; seed; seed oil; wear; zddp
• Biodiesel Production from the Blend of Sunflower, Avocado Seeds and Waste Soybeans by Adeleke, A. E.; Ogungbemi, O. S.; Giwa, S. O. (2025) - However, the calorific values of pure biodiesels and that of hybrid biodiesel fuel are generally lower than that of conventional diesel (44.8 MJ/kg) because of the presence of oxygen, which occupies space and contains a small heating value (Mofijur et al., 2015; Omonhinmin et al., 2020). The hybrid biodiesel produced from the 50:50 mixture demonstrated improved calorific value, density, and viscosity over that of castor oil biodiesel. Keywords: avocado; biodiesel; fuel; hybrid; oil; point; production; properties; sunflower; value; viscosity
• Physico-Chemical Properties of Yellow Oleander (Thevetia peruviana) and their effects on the Qualities of Biodiesel by Nasirudeen, A. R. ; Lasisi, D. ; Balogun, L. A. ; Eebo, A. J. ; Ogunsola, F. O. ; Adesope, A. J. ; Ogundare, S. O. ; Ola, F. A. (2019) - The procedures were repeated by varying the required molar ratio of Thevetia peruviana oil to methanol (12:1, 10:1 and 8:1); heating time (55, 60 and 65 minutes) and heating temperatures (55, 60 and 65 °C) (Canakci and Gerpen, 2001). 2.4 Physicochemical Properties of Thevetia peruviana Oil and Biodiesel The physical and chemical properties of Thevetia peruviana oil and biodiesel were determined using the ASTM standard test procedures. Keywords: basumatary; biodiesel; issn; oil; oleander; peruviana; properties; seed; thevetia
• Effect of Period and Storage Conditions on Essential Oil Yield And Composition of Eucalyptus Citriodora Leaves by Mu’azu, K. ; Ganiyu, A. ; Alkali, A. S. ; Ahmed, A. U. ; Jibia, S. M. ; Shehu, M. ; Adamu, I. U. (2019) - Effect of harvest time on the leaf and essential oil yield of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Oil Yield % = Weight of oil Weight of leaves x 100 (1) 2.3 Determination of Physiochemical Properties of the Oil The physiochemical properties of the extracted essential oil such as refractive index, specific gravity, solubility in ethanol and ester value were determined according to the methods described elsewhere (Galadima, 2004 and UNIDO, 1983) 3. Keywords: eucalyptus; leaves; oil; period; shade; storage; sun; yield
• Prediction of Density and Viscosity of Biodiesel Fuel from Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Composition by Jekayinfa, S.O. ; Adebayo, A.O.; Sulaiman, M. A. ; Ayoola, V.O. (2019) - In the US and Brazil, for example, maize and sugarcane serve as the main feedstocks for the production of ethanol, while kernel seed and rapeseed are respectively used for biodiesel production in Malaysia and Europe (Srinivasa et al., 2010). Biodiesel has also been produced from Nigerian palm kernel, milk bush and sandbox kernel oil (Alamu, et al., 2007a, 2007b, 2007c, 2008, 2009, Jekayinfa, 2018, Oniya et al., 2016 and Ogunkunle et al., 2017). Keywords: acid; barabás; biodiesel; composition; density; ester; et al; fame; fatty; fuel; issn; methyl; oil; todoruţ; viscosity
• Development of Multi Seeds Oil Expeller by Olaoye, I. O. ; Salako, Y. A. ; Owolarafe, O. K. (2020) - An expeller press is a screw-type machine that presses oil seeds pass through a caged barrel-like cavity. kg Qf = quantity of oil seed processed in kg (quantity of oil extracted and the cake in kg) Determination of throughput capacity of the machine The capacity of the machine was calculated as shown:- Capacity of machine (capm) = Keywords: capacity; content; issn; machine; moisture; moisture content; oil; seeds; shaft; speed
• Development and Performance Evaluation of a Manually Operated Groundnut Roaster by Unguwanrimi, Y. A. ; Okaiyeto, S. A. ; Sada, A. M. ; Ogijo, S. I. ; Jonga, J. B. ; Oji, N. (2020) - The extraction of oil from groundnut seeds are done largely as traditional or industrial (Ajao et al., 2010). SAMNUT 11 varieties of groundnut seeds were used for these experiments. Keywords: capacity; drum; groundnut; oil; roaster; roasting; seeds; time
• Production and Characterization of Biodiesel from Hybrid Feedstock of Jatropha curcas and Thevetia peruviana Seeds Oil by Zubairu, A. ; Gimba, A. S. B. ; Abdullahi, A. M. (2021) - Unlike jatropha oil, yellow oleander oil does have limitations of high viscosity and cloud point (Dallatu et al., 2017). The subscripts for Y, represent the percent proportion of yellow oleander oil, while the subscripts for J represent the percentage proportion of jatropha oil. Keywords: acid; biodiesel; curcas; esters; fuel; hybrid; issn; jatropha; methyl; oil; oils; oleander; properties
• Development and performance evaluation of a spindle press for oil extraction by Oluwole, F. A.; Abdulrahim, A. T.; Aviara, N. A. (2007) - The percentage of oil collected was calculated as follows: ηoil = (Moil / MGP) x 100% 10 and the percentage of oil recovery was calculated as Development and performance evaluation of a spindle press for oil extraction 74 (ηoil / 45) x 100% 11 Where Moil = mass of oil collected, kg MGP = mass of groundnut paste, kg 45 = oil content in kg per 100 kg of groundnut (Wiemer and Korthals, 1989). Diffus and Slaughter (1980) reported that oil seeds attract high economic interest because they are good sources of cooking oil and their protein rich residues serve as good feed for livestock. Keywords: cage; diameter; frame; oil; press; spindle
• Evaluation of pyrolyzed oil palm frond in the adsorption of residual phenolic compounds in facultatively treated palm oil mill effluent by Lawal, A. A.; Dzivama, A. U. ; Aviara, N. A.; Hassan, M. A.; Zakaria, M. R. ; Shirai, Y. (2022) - Nevertheless, this treatment is ineffective for the complete removal of COD mainly due to the inhibitory effect of a high concentration of phenolic compounds on microorganisms (Chantho et al., 2016; Muñoz-Palazon et al., 2019), the bio-recalcitrant nature of phenolic compounds at low concentrations (Hussein et al., 2001), and microbial degradation of organic acids into micropollutants such as phenolic compounds (Ghosh et al., 2007; Max et al., 2012). In an effort to reduce the concentration of COD in POME to a safe discharge limit, numerous advanced treatment techniques have been investigated, mainly focusing on the feasibility of upgrading the conventional biological treatment system (Bashir et al., 2019; Othman et al., 2014; Tan et al., 2014). Keywords: acid; adsorption; catechol; gallic; oil; opf; palm; phenol; pome; removal
• Development and Performance Evaluation of a Motorized Tigernut Oil Extraction Machine by Omale, P. A. ; Aremu, A. K.; Omobowale, M. O. (2023) - The developed tiger nut oil extraction machine has five main components: the feeding, extraction, power, heating, and the frame components. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: omale.paul@uam.edu.ng 285 Table 3: Results of the Throughput Capacity of the Machine 5 Conclusion A motorized tiger nut oil extraction machine was developed and evaluated to provide an economic means of processing oil from tiger nuts. Keywords: barrel; choke; extraction; issn; machine; nut; oil; rpm; tiger
• Chemical Constituents of Solvent Extracted Bitter Kola Nut Oil and its Benefcial Health Properties by Adebayo, W. A. (2023) - It is a perennial crop growing in the forest, distributed throughout West and Central Africa where its favorable climatic conditions ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT This study investigated chemical composition and biological activity of bitter kola oil. 23.1% of the chemical composition of bitter kola oil obtained was made up of fatty acids. Keywords: acid; chemical; fatty; issn; kola; kola nut; kola oil; nut; oil; solvent

• The Effect of Fermentation on the Proximate Composition, Physical and Functional Properties of Guna (Citrullus vulgaris) Seeds by Ndahi, T. E.; Badau, M. H.; Kassum, A. L.; Mshelia, L. P.; Lawan, H. K.; Peter, D. (2025) - 1.0 Introduction The increasing global demand for sustainable and nutrient-rich foods has intensified interest in plant seeds as valuable sources of dietary proteins and essential amino acids (Etzbach et al., 2024). Previous reports of fermentation effect on the proximate and functional properties of Cucurbit seeds have focused on methods such as: extraction and shelling of Cucumeropsis manaii seeds prior to fermentation (Omowaye – Taiwo et al., 2015), boiling extracted seeds of L. siceraria and water melon seeds prior to natural fermentation (Ileola et al., 2019; Akele et al., 2022) and fermenting uncoated C. vulgaris (water melon) seeds with selected microbial strain (Chawla et al., 2020). Keywords: effect; et al; fermentation; food; guna; journal; properties; protein; seeds
• Moisture-Dependent Thermal Properties of Cocoyam Cormels by Oyefeso, B. O. ; Raji, A. O. (2019) - Table 1: Effect of moisture content on thermal properties of white-fleshed cocoyam cormels Source Model Sum of Squares Degree of freedom (Df) ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: gbengailori@unilag.edu.ng 23 Table 2: Effect of moisture content on thermal properties of pink-fleshed cocoyam cormels Source Model Sum of Squares Degree of freedom (Df) Mean Square F- value Level of Significance Thermal conductivity Regression 0.000 1 0.000 7.737 0.069 Residual 0.000 3 0.000 Total 0.001 4 Thermal diffusivity Regression 0.000 1 0.000 1.551 0.301 Residual 0.000 3 0.000 Total 0.000 4 Specific heat Regression 0.317 1 0.317 5.910 0.093 Residual 0.161 3 0.054 Total 0.478 4 4. Keywords: cocoyam; conductivity; content; cormels; heat; moisture; properties
• Thermoplastic Starch Biocomposite Produced from Corn (Zea mays): Comparison of Plasticizers Effects on Mechanical Properties by Odugbose, B. D. ; Adefisan, O. O. ; Adeyemi, H. O. ; Opafola, O. T. ; Olatunde, O. B. (2021) - It is evident from the result obtained in this work that tensile properties of bio-composite produced are in tandem with other research work reported by researchers in the area of lignocellulose fibres or cellulose fibres used as fillers in TPS (Torres et al., 2007; Woehl et al., 2010). Averous et al., (2001) researched into the use of wheat starch as the polymer matrix in the development of thermoforming packaging material. Keywords: bio; composites; fibre; loading; properties; sorbitol; starch; tensile; thermoplastic
• Properties of Asphalt Concrete Containing Waste Foundry Sand (WFS) as Filler Material by Shuaibu, A. A. ; Otuoze, H. S. ; Mohammed, A. ; Lateef, M. A. (2019) - Waste foundry sand (WFS) which is a by-product of ferrous and non-ferrous metal casting industry, has accumulated in stockpiles and landfills, occupying valuable space and causing nuisance in the environment. This study investigated the strength and durability properties of asphalt concrete containing waste foundry sand (WFS) as alternative filler material in asphalt concrete. Keywords: aggregate; asphalt; astm; bitumen; cement; concrete; foundry; issn; materials; properties; sand; test; waste; wfs
• Physical Properties of Four Varieties of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) Grain at Different Moisture Contents by Kawuyo, U. A. ; Aviara, N. A. ; Mari, H. H. ; Ahmed, B. M. (2022) - Figure 2: Variation of bulk density of sorghum varieties with moisture content The true density of the sorghum varieties increased linearly with increased in moisture content as can be seen in Figure 3. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: nddyaviara@yahoo.com 165 Figure 3: True density of sorghum varieties at different moisture contents The porosity calculated from relevant experimental data on true density and bulk density for each variety of sorghum was found to increase with increase in moisture content as shown in Figure 4. Keywords: brown; content; moisture; properties; sorghum; varieties; variety
• Proximate Composition, Functional, and Sensory Properties of Kadal (Fermented Grain Flour) Produced from whole and decorticated Maize and Pearl Millet Grains by Umar, B. H. ; Agbara, G. I. ; Alkali, M. Y. ; Masaya, A. F. ; Akubuiro, S. C. (2022) - Again, moisture and carbohydrate were lower in whole grain kadal flours than in decorticated counterparts. The general pictures is the decrease in fat, ash, protein though marginal, and increase in moisture and noticeable increase in carbohydrate (for maize kadal flours) for both whole and decorticated kadal flours with increase in soaking time. Keywords: fermentation; flour; food; grains; issn; kadal; maize; millet; millet kadal; properties; soaking; time; tuwo
• Effect of Moisture Content and Grain Variety on Frictional Properties and Specific Heat Capacity of Acha (Fonio) Grains by Kawuyo, U. A. ; Aviara, N. A. ; Okolo, D. C. (2019) - This study was undertaken to determine the static coefficient of friction, kinetic coefficient of friction and specific heat of the grains as influenced by moisture content. The study revealed that increase in moisture content resulted to increase in the value of the properties considered for both varieties, with the white acha showing the highest values. Keywords: acha; coefficient; content; friction; grains; heat; moisture; properties
• Effect of Moisture Content on some Physical Properties of Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Seed Grown in North Eastern Nigeria by Aviara , N. A. ; Ma’aji, R. A. (2023) - These beans generally do not soak up completely and may remain undesirably ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT This study was aimed at determining some physical properties of red kidney bean seed as a function of moisture content. The initial (market storage) moisture content of red kidney beans seed was found to be 6.84% (d.b), the four other moisture level obtained after conditioning the seeds were 7.5, 10, 12, and 15.74%, respectively. Keywords: bean; content; friction; issn; kidney; moisture; properties; seed

• Performance Evaluation and Optimization of a Canvas Belt Cowpea Thresher for Small-Scale Farming Applications by Adanu, E. O.; Iya, S. A.; Yakubu, I. T.; Kabri, H. U. (2025) - Unthreshed grain % = H A × 100% (H: unthreshed grain) 5. The test for blown-away seeds revealed an optimal result of 0.33% at 200 rpm and 14.0% moisture content, demonstrating that thresher drum speed correlates with fan speed, which can increase blown-away seeds. Keywords: belt; canvas; cowpea; efficiency; grain; moisture; performance; thresher; threshing
• Effect of Moisture Content and Oil Palm Varieties on The Coefficient of Sliding Friction of Kernel and Shell on Fibre Material (Rug Canvas) by Adepoju, V. O.; Aderinlewo, A. A.; Dairo, O. U.; Adetunji, O. R. (2025) - Also, the coefficient of sliding friction of dura palm shell on any face of the fibre material was higher than the coefficient of sliding friction of dura palm kernel. ABSTRACT The effect of moisture content of two varieties of palm kernel and shell on the coefficient of sliding friction of the two faces (face A and face B) of a fibre material was determined. Keywords: coefficient; content; face; face b; friction; moisture
• Recent Advances in Solar Drying of Agricultural Produce in Nigeria: NSPRI Experience by Ade, A. R. ; Olayemi, F. F. ; Adebiyi, A. O. ; Zubair, O. M. ; Adeiza, O. A. ; Achime, K. C. (2018) - Experimental studies on the performance of the varied solar tent dryers were conducted using Chilli Pepper, Yam, Meat, Fish, Vegetables and plantain have been carried out the Beef meat, Chilli pepper and Telefeiria occidentalis vegetable were dried in the mobile solar tent dryer, greenhouse solar dryer and parabolic solar dryer. The beef meat, chilli pepper and telefeiria occidentalis vegetable were dried in the mobile solar tent dryer, greenhouse solar dryer and parabolic solar dryer. Keywords: dryers; drying; greenhouse; issn; moisture; parabolic; products; solar; tent
• Comparative evaluation of novel low-cost moisture meters suitable for grain moisture measurement by Ajao, S. K. ; Omobowale, M. O. ; Popoola, K. O. ; Ala, A. A. ; Opit, G. P. (2018) - Some common instruments used in secondary methods such as moisture meters and probes rely on the electrical characteristics of the grain, such as capacitance and conductance (Armstrong et al., 2017) and are calibrated against the oven-based moisture determinations. Heating whole grain in a hot air oven is the most widely used method for moisture content determination (ASAE, 2002), however the long drying time necessitated the development of moisture meters and probes. Keywords: bags; grain; issn; john; maize; meter; moisture; storage
• Effects of Operational Conditions on Exergy Behaviour of Biomass Densification System and Durability of the Densified Biomass by Olaoye, J. O. ; Olotu, F. B. ; Lasode, O. A. ; Duniya, I. P. (2020) - The exergy parameters obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using IBM SPSS 20.0 to determine the effects of the operational conditions on the exergy behaviour of biomass densification system. 3. Results and Discussion The investigation on the effects of operational conditions of biomass densification system on exergy behaviour of the system were carried out statistically using SPSS to analyse the data http://www.azojete.com.ng Folio For your attention sir Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, September, 2020; Vol. 16(3) 475-490. Keywords: biomass; biomass densification; densification system; exergy; exergy input; exergy output; huskdust; moisture; pressure; sawdust
• Performance Evaluation of a Melon Seeds Shelling and Separation Machine by Iorpev, T. ; Ozumba, I. C. ; Onah, R. O. ; Adejumo, O. A. (2020) - terhembaiorpev@gmail.com 614 evaporates the surface water of shelled melon seeds before aerodynamic separation. The results show that the mass of shelled melon seeds produced by the machine increased with increase in seed moisture content levels at various operating speed levels. Keywords: efficiency; machine; melon; moisture; seeds; separation; shelling; speed; � �
• Modification and Performance Evaluation of Active Solar Dryer for High Moisture Tomato Crop by Mu’azu, K. ; Mahmood, A. ; Inuwa, B. ; Sadiq, I. G. ; Shitu, M. U. (2019) - However, the composition of dried tomato in MD were protein, 0.69%; lipids, 0.90%; vitamin E, 0.0080%; moisture content, 12%; ash, 0.58% and crude fiber, 1.78%. The drying process was stopped when no further changes in the masses of drying tomato were observed. Keywords: dryer; drying; issn; moisture; solar; time; tomato
• Development of a Palm Nut Cracker with Spinning Disc Shell Separator. by Lukman, B. O.; Oyegbile, S. O.; Adeshina, O. M.; Owoo, E. (2024) - It is inclined slightly less than the repose angle of the Dura variety of Palm kernel nut. Broken shells are also used as aggregate in concrete and road construction (Oriola et al., 2021; Raheem et al., 2021; Kareem et al., 2022). Keywords: content; cracking; disc; efficiency; issn; journal; kernel; moisture; nut; palm; rpm; separation; shell; speed

• Interpretation of Airborne Radiometric Data of a Typical Basement Complex, Northwest Nigeria by Ologe, O.; Moyi, A. M.; Sanusi, F.; Tsafe, U. H.; Umar, S. (2025) - Augustine et al., (2021) successfully employed aeromagnetic and airborne radiometric data to provide information on the structural settings and inter possible location of mineralization in parts of Zamfara, North- West Nigeria. The use of aeroradiometric data to determine the relative abundance of natural radioelements in the study area is uncommon; hence, this study is geared towards estimating the abundance of these elements and identify prospective minerals if any that might be present in the study area by interpreting airborne radiometric data. Keywords: area; data; figure; journal; map; potassium; radiometric; thorium; uranium
• Implementation of Vehicle Accident Monitoring Device along Benin-Warri Road by Efenedo, G. I. ; Egwaile, J. O. (2019) - 912 in other developing countries, road traffic accident in Nigeria is one of the most serious problems in need of pragmatic solution. According to the World Health Organization. road accidents kill more than 1.2 million people every year, representing 21% of all deaths, and cause 50 million injuries. Keywords: accident; data; device; gps; issn; road; vehicle
• Impact of Acid Leaching on Upgrading Indigenous Low-grade Chromite ore for Iron and Steel Plant Development by Ayinla, K. ; Baba, A. A. ; Oyewumi-Musa, R. T. ; Tripathy, B. C. ; Anafi, G. A. ; Dwari, R. K. (2023) - Comparison of spatiotemporal distribution patterns of NO2 between four different types of air quality monitoring stations. Figure 2: Air quality index in four different locations 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 A ir Q u a li ty I n d e x( A Q I) Spot SS A SS B SS C SS D _AV D e si ra b le R e g io n f o r A Q I Break point for AQI N SEW 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 A ir Q u al it y Keywords: air; data; emissions; filling; issn; lagos; quality; service; stations

• Analyzing the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Rainfall and Drought in The Vall River Basin, South Africa by Bodunrin, I. R.; Onyari, E. K. (2025) - The years most affected by hydrological drought from 1983 to 2023 in the lower Vaal, middle Vaal, and Upper Vaal River basins, as indicated by SPEI/SPI-12 and SPEI/SPI-24, were 1983-1985, 1992, 1995, 2003, 2004, 2007, and 2012-2016. The study main objectives were to utilize SPI and SPEI drought indices to evaluate drought patterns from 1983 – 2023, produce rainfall maps for the Vaal River basin and adjacent provinces, identifying evapotranspiration patterns and assess the extent of drought effects in the study area. Keywords: drought; precipitation; rainfall; river; spei; spi; station; time; v al; vaal; vaal station; years; ° 0'0"e
• Factors Affecting Time Performance of Tertiary Education Trust Fund Construction Projects in North-East, Nigeria by Mukhtar, M. M. ; Abdussalam, D. ; Mustapha, M. M. (2021) - Although these factors are not exhaustive, they are the most common factors affecting project time performance cited in the literature. Thirty-two (32) factors causing delay in construction projects were identified from the literature review. Keywords: client; construction; contractors; factors; overrun; performance; projects; tetfund; time
• Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of Chicken De-Feathering Machine by Abubakar, M. ; Zakariyah, A. ; Usman, A. (2020) - This study was focused on design, construction and performance evaluation of chicken de-feathering machine using locally available materials. Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials The materials used in the fabrication and performance evaluation of the chicken de-feathering machine include 1.5mm sheet metal, Angle Iron 50 mm × 50 mm, Shaft of 25mm diameter and 1050 mm length, Transmission Belt of 1143 mm, a Pulley size of 250mm, three bands shaft de- feathering finger 20 mm × 20 mm cross section of 150 mm to 50 mm long, Ball bearing 6305, file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Abubakar, et al: Design, constructionand performance evaluation of chicken de-feathering machine. Keywords: chicken; feathering; machine; scalding; shaft; time; � �
• Mitigation of the Wear Failure of Ti-6al-4v Dental Implant Using Natural and Artificial Ageing Treatment by Bawa, M. A. ; Umaru, O. B. ; Abdulwahab, M. ; Balogun, T. ; Abdulazeez, W. S. (2021) - The Ti-6Al-4V alloy with chemical composition as shown in Table 1 was sectioned under flowing cooling solutions to 1.4mm 1.4mm 0.3mm in accordance with Popoola et al., (2012) using a hack saw. Biomaterials’ wear occurs specifically due to the removal and deformation of a material’s surface as a result of mechanical action of the opposite surface (Lee et al., 2009). Keywords: ageing; implant; samples; ti-6al-4v; time; wear
• Formulation of construction projects as single-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problems (SMRCPSP) by Adamu, P.; Abass, O.; Okafor, R. (2007) - The problem then consists of reducing project completion time by adding additional resources to certain activities, so that the execution of these activities may be accelerated. Print ISSN: 1596-2644, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng FORMULATION OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS AS SINGLE-MODE RESOURCE-CONSTRAINED PROJECT SCHEDULING PROBLEMS (SMRCPSP) Keywords: activity; construction; problems; project; resource; scheduling; time
• Development and performance evaluation of a poultry waste management technique using gravity sand filter by Akpenpuun, T. D. ; Adeniran, K. A.; Akinyemi, B. A.; Ologun, O. O. (2017) - Poultry waste management in developing Countries, Utilisation of Poultry Waste. Poultry waste is usually a combination of poultry bird faeces, urine, sawdust and remnants of animal feeds, drugs and pesticides (Adedayo, 2012). Keywords: configuration; effluent; filter; issn; poultry; sand; time; waste

• Model Design, Simulation and Control of a Robotic Arm using PIC 16F877A Microcontroller by Buji, A. B. ; Mshelia, Y. P. ; Ibrahim, A. G. ; Sarki, M. A. (2019) - Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng 67 ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE MODEL DESIGN, SIMULATION AND CONTROL OF A ROBOTIC ARM USING PIC 16F877A MICROCONTROLLER A. B. Buji, Y. P. Mshelia, A. G. Ibrahim and M. A. Sarki Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: babuji@unimaid.edu.ng ARTICLE INFORMATION Submitted 28 March, 2018 Revised 15 December, 2018 Accepted 19 December, 2018 Keywords: Microcontroller Programmable Integrated Circuit Servo Motor Pulse Width Modulation Robotic ABSTRACT This paper focuses on model design, simulation and control of a five degree of freedom (DoF) robotic arm using servo motors. In this paper, servo motors are used for robotic arm joint actuators and are controlled by using PWM signals generated by the PIC 16F877A microcontroller. Keywords: angle; arm; design; issn; microcontroller; motor; pic; pwm; rotation; servo; simulation
• Evaluation of HY-8 Modeling Tool for Hydraulic Analysis of Selected Culverts along Ilorin -Jebba Road, Kwara State, Nigeria. by Adeogun, A. G. ; Akinpelu, M. A. ; Yusuf, M. A. ; Animashaun, R. A. (2019) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng 134 culvert analysis has unique characteristics, they all provide automated solution to culvert analysis and design problem. Out of all the available software packages for culvert analysis, HY-8 is the most widely used and distributed among users (Rowley, 2016). Keywords: analysis; crossing; culvert; design; discharge; hydraulic; road
• Design and Construction of an Agricultural Waste-Shredding Machine by Abdulkadir, S. A. ; Dodo, S. M. ; Jahun, B.G. ; Malgwi, G. S. ; Vanke, I. (2020) - It allows small pieces of shredded waste materials of less than 20mm in length to pass through the holes. Considering the diverseness of crops cultivated in Nigeria by farmers, after harvesting these crops the waste/residues are either burnt or thrown as waste without taking into consideration their nutritive value or lack of waste processing machines available for utilizing the waste. Keywords: design; efficiency; issn; machine; materials; shredder; shredding; speed; waste
• Design Description of a Tentacle Based Scanning System by Afolayan , M. O. (2017) - Conclusion and Recommendation This work presents a design of 3D scanner that should be able to hand an object with frame volume of 150mm x 150mm x 200mm. This is primarily a problem with optical scanners. Keywords: camera; design; issn; object; scanner; scanning; screw
• Development and Deployment of Quadcopter in Silos’ Inspection and Surveillance by Edeh, J. C. ; Nwadinobi, C. P. ; Obetta, E. C. (2021) - 3.2 Comparative Analysis of Inspection Techniques A comparison between a commonly used traditional method for inspection of silo structure (use of scaffoldings) and the use of quad copter was carried out in order to estimate the effectiveness of the quad copter in terms of cost and working time. Jennifer and Baritte (2015) developed a prototype quad copter and observed that the common challenge was that quad copter finds it difficult balancing itself while hovering and thus could not produce a stable data image for analysis. Keywords: battery; controller; copter; design; flight; inspection; issn; motors; quad; quad copter; silos; speed; weight
• Application of Firefly Optimization Algorithm to the Design and Characterization of Helmholtz Coils for Magnetic Field Sensor Calibration by Sadiq, U. A. ; Oluyombo, O. W. ; Onuh, S. O. (2019) - Helmholtz coil design is simple and there are many commercially available designs for all kinds of applications (Yang et al., 2018). 2.1 Helmholtz Coils Design Approach Using FOA The aim of systematic design approach applied to Helmholtz coils design in this study is to simultaneously find the optimal number of coil turns per layer, number of coil layers, wire size, coil radius, and the excitation current requires for creating uniform magnetic field at the center of the Helmholtz coils. Keywords: coils; design; field; helmholtz; number
• Development of Axle Load Spectra for Integration in Traffic Characteriaztion for Nigerian Empirical Mechanistic Pavement Analysis and Design Systems by Awosanya, D. O.; Murana, A. A.; Olowosulu, A. A. (2024) - (Oguara, 2004, Fwa et al., 2006; Huang, 2007; and Timm and Newcomb, 2002) Method based on different axle load groups in traffic analysis is when the design is based on a number of axle load groups, as characterized by the ALDF, whereby, the predicted number of repetitions for each axle load group during the design period is determined. In changing traffic characterization in mechanistic-empirical (M-E) design procedure, the process does away with the equivalent single axle load (ESAL) concept and traffic analysis implementation was done by directly using axle load. Keywords: axis; axle load; axles; design; ealf; gaf; issn; load repetitions; number; pavement; repetitions; traffic

• Production of Bio-Gel from Waste of Cassava and Maize by Asiru, W. B.; Raji, A. O.; Alausa, N. (2025) - The values for Density, pH, Boiling point, Melting point, and Freezing point were lower slightly in cassava peel than corn cobs bio-ethanol samples. Both corn cobs and cassava peel ethanol above have very closed properties hence both of them can be used for bio-gel. Keywords: bio; cassava; cobs; corn; ethanol; gel; peel; samples
• Chemical Composition of Millet-Based Infant Formula Supplemented with Treated Bambaranut Flour. by Nwabueze, T. U. ; James, S.; Anuonye, J. C. ; Kachiro, K. (2018) - Ash 3.32f ± 0.06 3.51e ± 0.01 3.86d ± 0.00 4.22c ± 0.00 5.04b ± 0.01 5.35a ± 0.01 Carbohydrate 65.43a ±0.05 63.58b ± 0.04 61.53c ± 0.03 59.35d ± 0.01 57.84e ± 0.03 53.29f ± 0.04 Histidine 1.12f ±0.00 1.63e ± 0.00 1.85d ± 0.00 1.89c ± 0.00 2.04b ± 0.00 2.11a ± 0.00 Isoleucine 1.76f ± 0.00 1.81e ± 0.01 2.06d ± 0.01 2.51c ± 0.00 2.77b ± 0.00 2.84a ± 0.01 Leucine 5.11e ± 0.01 5.34d ± 0.00 5.52cd ± 0.00 5.62bc ± 0.00 5.84a ± 0.00 5.74ab ± 0.14 Lysine 2.72f ± 0.00 2.94e ± 0.00 3.23d ± 0.01 3.46c ± 0.01 3.82b ± 0.00 3.94a ± 0.00 Methionine 1.24f ± 0.00 1.56e ± 0.00 1.81d ± 0.01 1.94c ± 0.01 1.98b ± 0.00 2.42a ± 0.00 Phenyl alanine 2.45f ± 0.05 2.51e ± 0.00 2.78d ± 0.00 2.83c ± 0.00 2.94b ± 0.01 3.01a ± 0.00 Threonine 1.84f ± 0.00 1.92e ± 0.00 2.28d ± 0.01 2.47c ± 0.00 2.61b ± 0.00 2.84a ± 0.00 Tryptophan 4.71f ± 0.00 4.87e ± 0.00 5.05d ± 0.01 5.33c ± 0.01 5.63b ± 0.01 5.74a ± 0.01 Valine 1.72f ± 0.00 1.94e ± 0.01 2.27d ± 0.01 2.64c ± 0.00 2.75b ± 0.00 2.84a ± 0.00 Trypsin 0.28f ± 0.00 0.33e ± 0.01 0.39d ± 0.01 0.52c ± 0.01 0.62b ± 0.01 0.73a ± 0.00 Tannins 0.74a ± 0.01 0.71a ± 0.00 0.66b ±0.00 0.54d ± 0.01 0.50e ± 0.00 0.59c ± 0.01 Hydrogen cyanide 0.29f ± 0.01 0.36e ± 0.01 0.43d ± 0.01 0.56c ± 0.00 0.62b ± 0.01 0.74a ± 0.01 Oxalate 0.14f ± 0.00 0.22e ± 0.00 0.30d ± 0.00 0.38c ± 0.00 0.47b ± 0.00 0.53a ± 0.01 Phytate 0.97f ± 0.01 1.22e ± 0.01 1.88d ± 0.00 2.11c ± 0.00 2.74b ± 0.01 3.04a ± 0.00 Mean ± SD of triple determinations. Chemical composition of the formulated infant formula Parameter (%) A B C D E F Moisture 9.93a ± 0.01 9.91a ± 0.01 9.86b ± 0.01 9.80c ± 0.00 9.79c ± 0.01 9.78c ± 0.01 Protein 14.46f ± 0.01 15.12e ± 0.00 16.44d ±0.00 17.20c ± 0.00 18.42b ± 0.00 19.35a ± 0.01 Fibre 0. Keywords: bambaranut; flour; millet; samples
• Microstructure and Thermal Analysis of Brake Pads Developed from Asbestos-Free Materials by Abutu, J. ; Lawal, S. A. ; Lafia-Araga, R. A. ; Ndaliman, M. B. ; Oluleye, M. A. (2020) - Thermal analysis shows that the commercial and seashell filled brake pad show better overall thermal resistance compared to coconut shell filled brake pads. From Figure 2, it can be observed that the optimum values of seashell-filled brake pad can be obtained using 1 hour heat treatment time, 12 minutes curing time, 160 ºC moulding temperature and 14MPa moulding pressure while Figure 3 shows that optimum values of coconut shell filled brake pad samples can be obtained using 5 hours heat treatment time, 8 minutes curing time, 140 ºC moulding temperature and 14 MPa moulding pressure. Keywords: brake; brake pad; coconut; et al; materials; pad; pads; samples; seashell; shell
• Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Clay and Drop-Off of Ceiba Pentandra (Kapok) Plant Wool Mixture by Abdulrahim, A. T. ; Abdulkareem, S. ; Abdulraheem, S. A. ; Mohammed, W. J. (2020) - The chemical compositions of clay sample were determine using Single beam spectrophotometer (with test kits, hot plate and furnace) at the Department of Geology, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. And subsequent increases in clay content (Kapok Wool to Clay ratio 2:2.5) reduces the thermal conductivity while it increases sample density. Keywords: clay; conductivity; insulation; issn; kapok; materials; samples; wool
• Preparation and Characterization of Steam Activated Chicken Eggshell for Gaseous Pollutant Adsorption by Abdul Raheem, A. M. O. ; Adeoye, E. A. (2022) - According to ISO 15901-3:2007(en) standards for micropores, mesopores and macropores, steam activated chicken eggshell showed largest amount of micropores sizes (surface area and pore volumes), thereby making it highly desirable for adsorption of gaseous pollutants since 1.00 nm is the minimum pore diameter for adsorption of SOX and NOX. Hence, steam activated chicken eggshell is better than all the other three processed types of chicken eggshell powder for adsorption of gaseous pollutants. Keywords: adsorption; carbon; chicken; content; density; eggshell; issn; powder; samples; steam; surface
• Influence of Antimony Micro-Alloy Addition on the Mechanical Properties of Carbidic Austempered Ductile Iron (CADI) by Aliu, A. ; Barnabas, A. A. ; Rufai, A. M. ; Okpo, S. O. (2022) - Micrographs obtain revealed that chunky graphite, blocky carbides and pearlite phases were seen in the as-cast sample without antimony addition while the samples with varying addition of antimony element showed spiky graphite, granular carbide and more pearlite phases. Figures 1 stands for as-cast microstructures of the CDIs which consist of chunky graphite nodules, blocky - carbide and pearlite phases while Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 represent the austempered samples which compose of spiky graphite nodules, granular carbides and ausferritic matrix. Keywords: antimony; cadi; carbides; graphite; hardness; iron; resistance; samples; wear
• Production and Evaluation of the Physiochemical and Sensory Property of Biscuits From Wheat-Maize-Cashewnut Flour Blends by Mshelia, L. P. ; Ndahi, T. E. ; Peter, D.; Danladi, U.; Kasum, A. L.; Badau, M. H. (2023) - Hence, supplementing wheat flour with suitable health-promoting plant materials can improve the overall acceptability and nutritional quality of biscuits (Swieca et al., 2017; Klunklin and Savage 2018). Wheat flour contains 60.01 - 73.67% carbohydrate, 11.37 - 16.77% protein, 0.77 - 1.41% fat, 0.64 - 0.77% ash, 1.07 - 3.50% fibre (Ibidapo et al., 2019) with considerable proportions of vitamins (thiamine and other B- Vitamins) and minerals (Topping, 2007). Keywords: biscuits; cashew; content; flour; food; maize; nut; samples; wheat; wmc

• Impact of corrosion monitoring techniques on durability assessment in reinforced concrete: A review by Okenyi , A. V. ; Alawode, J. K. (2021) -  Reinforced concrete corrosion is still a major problem in the civil engineering design and construction sector and more smart materials are currently being developed. Physical model for steel corrosion in concrete sea structures-- application. Keywords: 17(2):141; assessment; author; chloride; concrete; corrosion; corrosion monitoring; durability; electrochemical; issn; journal; materials; method; monitoring; potential; rate; reinforcement; sensors; steel; structures; techniques
• An Experimental Study on the Performance of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures with Silica Sand as Filler Replacement by Shuaibu, A. A. ; Mohammed, A. I. ; Hassan, U. ; Amartey, B. H. S. ; Wada, S. A. ; Mohammed , A. ; Rimi, A. M. (2021) - Figure 3: Variation of stability with silica sand content 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 5 15 25 35 45 55 St ab ili ty (k N ) It should be noted that at silica sand content above 40%, the stability started dropping and this could be attributed to excess silica sand content in excess of the optimum which resulted in weak cohesion. Keywords: aggregates; astm; bitumen; cement; concrete; content; issn; mix; results; sand; silica; silica sand; test
• Probabilistic Assessment of a Typical Reinforced Concrete Girder Under Critical Loading by Shuaibu, A. A. ; Ashiru, M. ; Suleiman, A. ; Isah, A. U. ; Otuoze, H. S. ; Muhammed , A. I. ; Amartey, B. H. S. (2023) - However, failure modes of bridge girder under critical loading have been neglected. This section analyzes the impact of varying span of bridge girder on the safety index under the condition of flexure. Keywords: bridge; concrete; depth; girder; index; issn; safety; shear; span
• Loading Eccentricity Issue on the Performance of Reinforced Concrete Columns by Mohammed, Kachalla (2019) - The Finite Element analysis (FEM) result indicates that increasing column axial load leads to an anticipated higher flexural reinforcement to enhance the column capacity, and is rational. This study result indicates that increasing column axial load leads to an anticipated higher flexural reinforcement to shore up the column capacity, and is rational. Keywords: behaviour; column; concrete; flexural; issn; load; reinforcement

• Development of a Clay Biodigester by Nathan, C.; Bwala, E. B.; Barnabas, A, A,; Damilare, A. M. (2025) - The biodigester will utilize organic waste materials as feedstock to produce biogas, a renewable energy source that can be used for cooking, heating, and electricity generation Biogas digester has been constructed using different kind of materials from concrete, steel plastic, aluminium, mild steel, zinc, rubber (Soliu & Onunka, 2019); Oladoye et al. (2017) reported that the color of the constructing material has greater impact on biogas production, as well as the manure color. It employed the prototype and evaluated the rate at which clay biodigester produced biogas as compared to other construction materials. Keywords: biodigester; biogas; biogas production; clay; cow; cow dung; day; dung; plate; production; waste
• Kinetics of the Valorization of Food Waste for Medium Chain Carboxylates Production; Effect of Ensiling and Inoculum source. by Undiandeye, J. A. ; Obiora-Okafo, I. ; Idama, E. A. (2023) - Ensiling degraded cellulose and hemicellulose contents of food waste as well as converted the water soluble carbohydrate content of food wastes into lactic acid and ethanol that were used for the chain elongation process, thereby enhancing the yield of MCC. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C o n c e n tr a ti o n ( g /L ) Time (day) C6: Measured C6: Model C7: Measured C7: Model C8: Measured C8: Model (a) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C o n c e n tr a ti o n ( g /L ) Time (day) (b) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C o n c e n tr a ti o n ( g /L ) Time (day) (c) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 C o n c e n tr a ti o n ( g /L ) Time (day) (d) file:///C:/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng mailto:jerome.undiandeye@uniport.edu.ng Undiandeye et al: Kinetics of the Valorization of Food Waste for Medium Chain Carboxylates Production; Effect of Ensiling and Inoculum source. Being a greenhouse gas emitter, food wastes including left-overs from restaurants, homes and hotels, contribute to environmental pollution. Keywords: acid; chain; ensiling; fermentation; food; inoculum; issn; mcc; production; substrate; waste
• Utilization of Ceramic Ware Waste as Complementary Aggregate in Hollow Masonry Unit Production by Ajayi-Banji, A. A. ; Jenyo, D. A. ; Adegbile, M. A. ; Akpenpuun, T. D. ; Bello, J. ; Ajimo, A. O. ; Sujitha, S. (2018) - Results indicated that masonry unit with natural sand to ceramic waste mix ratio of 80:20 has the highest crushing strength at peak, yield and break point which were 60.903kN, 60.493kN and 53.863kN respectively. Keywords: Construction and demolition waste, ceramic ware waste, reuse, hollow masonry unit, compressive strength, natural fine aggregate 1. Keywords: aggregate; block; ceramic; issn; masonry; mix; sand; unit; waste

• Investigation of Plantain Extract for Enhancing Copper Durability in Acid-Based Corrosive Environments by Fayomi, O. S. I. (2025) - To address this vulnerability, corrosion inhibitors—chemical additives that minimize metal degradation—are critical (Tamalmani & Husin, 2020; Olajire, 2017). Corrosion inhibitors need to be cost-effective and safe, making plant extracts an environmentally friendly, readily available, and renewable option. Keywords: adsorption; copper; corrosion; efficiency; extract; inhibitor; journal; plantain; ppe
• Corrosion inhibition of mild steel determined using blended bitter leaf (Vernonnia amygdalina) extract and honey in dilute H2SO4 and HCl acid solutions by Abba-Aji, M. A. ; Muhammad, A. B. ; Onwe, D. D. (2020) - 5-Amino- and 5-Chloro-indole as mild steel corrosion inhibitors in 1N sulphuric acid. Evaluation of corn water for corrosion inhibition extract. Keywords: acid; corrosion; efficiency; extract; h2so4; honey; inhibition; leaf; steel
• Corrosion inhibition of Polyalthia longifolia leaves extract in 1m HCl solution on mild steel by Zubairu, Abdu ; Gimba, Abdullahi S. B. ; Waziri, Abubakar B. (2021) - For example, cathodic protection, lubrication, anodic protection, alloying, coating and corrosion inhibition among others. Several researchers have investigated and elucidated the application of various plants extract for corrosion inhibition (Patni et al., 2013; Keywords: corrosion; efficiency; extract; hours; inhibition; longifolia; polyalthia; solution; steel
• A User Mobility Broadband Spectrum Aggregation Applications in LTE-Advance Heterogeneous Wireless Network Systems Using Real-Time Spectrum Selection Framework by Nkeleme, V. O.; Udo, E. U.; Okoro, C. K.; Oborkhale, L. I.; Odo, K. O. (2024) - According to the results of the simulation analysis, RSSF-HDA was more effective than the current HDA deployment in enabling wider bandwidth and greater SE. The metrics of RSSF-HDA Spectral Efficiency (SE) are higher than those of the other HDA considered in the research, rising from 1.35 bps/Hz/cell at mobile speeds of 20 kmph to 1.87 bps/Hz/cell at 120 kmph. Keywords: cell; decision; edge; efficiency; handover; hda; issn; mailto:%20salami.lukman@adelekeuniversity.edu.ng; mif; network; rssf; spectrum; throughput; user
• A User Mobility Broadband Spectrum Aggregation Applications in LTE-Advance Heterogeneous Wireless Network Systems Using Real-Time Spectrum Selection Framework by Nkeleme, V. O. ; Udo, E. U. ; Okoro, C. K. ; Oborkhale, L. I. ; Odo, K. O. (2024) - According to the results of the simulation analysis, RSSF-HDA was more effective than the current HDA deployment in enabling wider bandwidth and greater SE. The metrics of RSSF-HDA Spectral Efficiency (SE) are higher than those of the other HDA considered in the research, rising from 1.35 bps/Hz/cell at mobile speeds of 20 kmph to 1.87 bps/Hz/cell at 120 kmph. Keywords: cell; decision; edge; efficiency; handover; hda; issn; mif; network; rssf; spectrum; throughput; user
• Development and Simulation of a Rotor Flux- Oriented Control Scheme for Efficiency Improvement in a Three Phase Induction Motor by Olarinoye, G. A.; Balogun, F. O.; Abubakar, A. S. (2024) - Induction motor have high efficiency at rated speed and torque, but the efficiency of induction motor decreases greatly at light loads because of an imbalance in copper and core losses. Mathematical models for the conventional rotor flux-oriented control scheme, total power loss as a function of rotor flux and for optimum flux as a function of operating speed and load torque were analytically derived. Keywords: control; efficiency; flux; induction; issn; load; motor; scheme; torque

• Kinetics of Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Paunch Manure and Sugarcane Peels using Cow Dung as Inoculum by Abdulhakeem, N. H. ; Lawal, A. A. (2020) - Biogas production potentials of cattle paunch manure. This study investigates the kinetics of anaerobic co-digestion of paunch manure and sugarcane peels using cow dung as inoculum for biogas production. Keywords: biogas; digestion; manure; production; sugarcane
• Modification and Performance Evaluation of a Fish Feed Pelletizing Machine by Malgwi, G. S. ; Abdulkadir, S. A. ; Dodo, S. M. (2020) - Pellet presses for the production of fish feed was first introduced in the mid-1920, (McEllhiney, 1987). It has been observed that the research on inexpensive feed ingredients have not contributed meaningfully to aquaculture development in Africa and suggested that more researches on how best plants proteins can be used, as fish feeds are required. Keywords: diameter; die; feed; fish; issn; machine; pelletizing; production

• Development of a Small Scale Okro Slicing Machine by Aji, I. S. ; Vakaa, J. K. ; Madu, M. J. ; Suleiman, Z. B. ; Yakda, S. B. (2018) - where: N1 = speed of electric motor �ph�� �t楲� �� � speed of shaft (?), �p � diameter of the driving pulley ���楲楲� �� � diameter of the driven pulley �p��楲楲 Using equation (2), �� � ����t楲 The length of the belt was determined from the relation; 겘� � �h� � �p��� � � �p��� � hh (3) where: �p � diameter of the driver pulley, �� � diameter of the driven pulley, h � distance from center to center between the driving and driven pulley ����楲楲� Using equation (3), 겘� � 1479.57mm Velocity of moving belt: � � ��� �� (4) � � h�㈮ 楲Șஈ Power driven mechanism: �p � � � �h (5) where: T = maximum tension in the tight side of the belt, Tc = centrifugal tension T1 = tension in the tight side of the belt. � � � � � (6) http://www.azojete.com.ng Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March, 2018; Vol. 14(1):54-60 ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng 56 where: � = maximum tension in the tight side of the belt, � = stress in the tight side of the belt, � � area of the belt �p�h 楲楲� � � ����� �� � ��䁨��� �p � ����p�� The power transmitted (P) was determined from the relation; � � �p � �� � (7) where: �p � tension in the tight side of the belt, �� � tension in the slack side of the belt � � power transmitted, � � velocity of the belt in meters per second. Keywords: issn; machine; okro; shaft; slicing; � p; � �
• Development and Performance Evaluation of an Okra Slicer. by Ishola, T. A. ; Adewole, L. (2020) - Experiments were carried out to determine some physical properties like length and diameter of okra fruits which were required for the design of an okra slicer. The ila-iroko variety of okra fruits was used in this study (Owolarafe et al., 2012). Keywords: cutting; issn; machine; okra; slicing
• Comparison of chemical contents of sheabutter extracted from locally designed machine by Inegbenebor, A. I.; Inegbenebor, A.O. (2004) - As elemental contents of sheabutter play a vital role in various physiological and metabolical activities in the human body, it is necessary to compare the chemical contents of sheabutter extract from different procedures in order to identify the most important extraction procedure. 3. Results and discussion The results of the elemental determination of sheabutter extracts are given in Table 1. Keywords: extraction; machine; procedure; sheabutter; soxhlet
• Design, Construction and Performance Evaluation of a Manually Operated Meat Mincing Machine by Kajiama, F. M. ; Aji, M. A. ; Shuwa, M. ; Taktak, E. B. (2020) - �� t � � ���͵��ࠀ� ��� where: �� is the circular pitch of the auger taken to be between 0.024.5 as according to Khurmi and Gupta, 2007 is between 0.024 to 0.025 m for single start worms. The stress distribution along the auger lengthLs from � to ��ࠀ� m due to twisting moment in cause of mincing is �ͻ�Ͳ�ǡࠀ�ༀ� Ntm� at the point of load application when Ls is ���ࠀ� m and drops to �ͻࠀ��ǡ Ntm� when Ls is ��ࠀ� mas shown in Figure 7. Keywords: auger; figure; machine; meat; mincing; t �; ༀࠀ �; � �
• Development of an NCAM Tuber-Shaped Vegetable Slicing Machine by Asamo, O. B. ; Olotu, F. B. ; Jimoh, R. O. ; Alade, R. A. ; Obiakor, S. C. ; Okoro, N. A. ; Ademiluyi, Y. S. (2023) - Okafor et al. (2013) investigated plantain chip slicing machine that was designed, fabricated and tested to use a carrier spring return mechanism to achieve both the feeding option and the slicing operation. This shows that the tuber – shaped vegetable slicing machine performed efficiently. Keywords: blade; issn; machine; plantain; slicing; thickness; tuber; vegetable
• Integrating Bowtie Analysis into Band Saw Maintenance by Tsapi, T. K.; Tongwa, M. K.; Soh, B. D. (2024) - The Bowtie diagram in Figure 5 provided controls that should be used to prevent this particular threat from occurring; training personnel on proper pump maintenance, performing regular inspections and others from the left side of the Bowtie. The results of the Bowtie risk assessment for hazards associated with the impeller, pump housing, saw blade, clamp, and seal pump were developed to structure the decision-making process with better information visualization. Keywords: band; blade; bowtie; clamp; diagram; figure; impeller; machine; maintenance; pump; rust; saw

• Capacity and Performance Assessment of Wurukum Roundabout in Makurdi Metropolis: A Comparative Study using ARCADY and SIDRA INTERSECTION Software by Adeke, P. T. ; Etika, A. ; Atoo, A. A. (2020) - 1.1 ARCADY Model Like other roundabout capacity simulation models, the ARCADY software is used for simulation of roundabouts to predict capacity and performance as well as accident risk. Previous researches have examined roundabout capacity and performance level using several methodologies (Highway Capacity Manual - HCM, 2010; Macioszek and Akcelik, 2017; Akcelik, 2017b). Keywords: arcady; average; capacity; intersection; issn; lane; makurdi; performance; roundabout; sidra; software; traffic; wurukum

• Variation in Foliage Yield and Yield Component Traits and Preference for Leaf Quality Traits in Amaranthus Cruentus [L.] Genotypes by Adeniji, O. T. ; Badmus, A.A. ; Sabo, E. ; Peter, J.M. (2018) - Development of new amaranth varieties requires systematic assessment of leaf yield and yield contributing traits, identifying amaranth accessions with high leaf yield and preferred fruit quality traits among existing genotypes at harvest. At 4 weeks harvest, replication was significant (P≤0.05) for marketable leaf yield (t ha -1 ), non-marketable leaf yield (t ha -1 ) and insignificant (P≥0.05) mean squares for all the traits at 5 weeks harvest. Keywords: amaranth; foliage; genotypes; harvest; leaf; leaf yield; plant; traits; weeks; weight; yield

• Assessment of the Level of Quality Control of Cement and Sandcrete Block Materials Available in Maiduguri Metropolis by Abba, M. A.; Kadai, B.; Garga, A. B.; Musa, A. M.; Hassan, M. (2025) - The Dangote brand was more widely used by block making industries. 1.0 Introduction Stakeholders in the building industry require a coordinated approach to building material quality and testing due to its importance in risk management (AIB, 2013). Keywords: building; dangote; materials; outlay; quality; river; sprinkling
• Characterization of Synthesized Zeolite Socony Mobile 5 (ZSM-5) from Bularafa Diatomite. by Yunusa, S. ; Ahmed, A. S. ; Yusuf, M. ; Bawa, S. G. (2020) - The utilization of diatomite as inexpensive raw material for ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis is remarkable. However, in the work of Li et al., 2015, ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized directly from diatomite after calcination, but the synthesized zeolite has low quality which could be due to the presence of impurities such as ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Keywords: bularafa; diatomite; figure; issn; materials; silica; surface; zeolite; zsm-5

• Studies on Starch Characteristics of Flour Produced from Six Varieties of Musa SPP. Fruits Grown in Southwestern Nigeria by Adebayo, W. A.; Ogunsina, B. S.; Otemuyiwa, I.; Taiwo, K. A. (2025) - The amylose content values of the six varieties of Musa spp flours compared favourably with 26% of white rice (Musa et al., 2011) but lower than 35.77 – 40.68% reported by Adejumo et al. (2013) for different varieties of maize flours. The data obtained will bridge the information gap for formulation and development of functional foods using Musa spp. flour as a baseline composition. Keywords: et al; flour; food; musa; plantain; spp; starch; values; varieties
• Production, Proximate Composition and Sensory Evaluation of Cereal- Legume Based Infant Food by Abubakar, F. ; Zigla, A. (2021) - Commercial infant foods are expensive and the situation demands that an alternative source of infant food be sought to provide the infants and children with adequate and balanced diet. The complementarities of millet and these legumes in infant food would help to solve the PEM in children. Keywords: content; cowpea; food; formulations; infant; issn; journal; millet; protein
• Evaluation of the Quality Characteristics of Composite Flour Bread Produced from Wheat-Root Tuber and Wheat-Grain Legume Flour Blends by Agbara, G. I. ; Ige, A. C. ; Agbara, N. H. ; Ahmad, G. ; Masaya, F. A. ; Aliyu, B. (2022) - But in the present study, comparative effects of 30% substitution of wheat flour with two common root tuber flours: sweet potato (Ps) and cassava (Ca) and three common grain legume flours in Nigeria: soybean (S), cowpea (Co), bambara groundnut (B) on bread quality were studied. Apart from its utilization as animal feed, cassava flour are incorporated into wheat flour for the production of baked or non baked goods in Nigeria. Keywords: blends; bread; cassava; et al; flour; flour bread; food; issn; journal; legume; potato; protein; quality; root; wheat; wheat bread; wheat flour
• Application of Image Analysis in Food Grain Quality Inspection and Evaluation During Bulk Storage by Aviara, N. A. ; Adesanya, A. A. ; Iyilade, I. J. ; Olorunsola, E. O.; Oyeniyi, S. K. (2022) - Sanjivini et al. (2010) using this approach, performed texture and morphologically based retrieval on a couple of food grain images. Normalization of food grain images was employed and elimination of the effects of orientation using image warping technique with proper scaling was achieved. Keywords: analysis; application; bulk; et al; features; food; grain; image; image analysis; issn; journal; processing; quality; rice; seed; storage
• Corrosion of Aluminium Metal in Food Environments and its Associated Health Risk Issues: A Review by Guma, T. N. ; Maikudi, M. M. (2023) - Water is also a great agent of aluminium corrosion and is widely used for food processing. Extensive use of high-pressure water and steam is the leading cause of aluminium corrosion in food processing facilities. Keywords: aluminium; aluminium metal; contact; cooking; cookware; corrosion; environments; et al; food; guma; handling; health; issn; leaching; metal; utensils
• Characterization and Evaluation of Chicken Eggshell for use as a Bio-Resource by Ajala, E.O. ; Eletta, O.A.A. ; Ajala, M.A. ; Oyeniyi, S.K. (2018) - Eletta, 1 M.A. Ajala1 and S.K. Oyeniyi2 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 2Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria *Corresponding author’s email address: olawaleola01@yahoo.com Abstract Chemical compositions of chicken eggshell were determined with the aim of finding economic uses for it; instead of becoming a nuisance to the environment. Chicken eggshells are agricultural wastes which could lead to environmental pollution when not properly disposed of (Mtallib and Rabiu, 2009; Phil and Zhihong, 2009). Keywords: animal; body; calcium; chicken; chicken eggshell; copper; eggshell; et al; food; issn; journal; source
• Rheological Properties of Malted and/or Fermented Faro 44 Rice Plus Soybean-Based Complementary Foods by Bristone, C,; Ariahu, C. C.; Ikya, J. K. ; Eke, M. O.; Eke, M. O. (2025) - Defects such as caking, clumping, sticking and solidifying of food products during processing or preparation are problems often accompanied by changes in food products’ viscosities. Viscosity literatures of different food gruels (Sopade and Kassum, 1992a; Sopade and Kassum, 1992b; Mouquet and Treche, 2001; Badau et al., 2006; Taga and Non, 2017) also reported similar trends. Keywords: concentration; food; l o; malted; non; o c; o g; rate; rice; shear; shear rate; soybean; viscosity

• Structuring and Characterisation of the Medical Infusion set as emitter for Low-Cost Drip Irrigation System by Mofoke , A.L.E; Adewumi, J.K. ; Mudiare, O.J. ; Ramalan, A.A. (2004) - The first hydraulic experiment was a calibration exercise between emitter discharges over a range of emitter openings. Table 5: Trendline equations of the calibration curves relating emitter discharge (qe ) and level of emitter opening (Elev) of the medi-emitter Structuring and Characterisation of the Medical Infusion set as emitter for Low-Cost Drip Irrigation System 12 Pressure head (m) Keywords: cost; discharge; drip; emitter; flow; irrigation; medi; opening; pressure
• Impact of dams on hydrology of river Niger at Lokoja, Nigeria by Jimoh, O.D. (2007) - It was observed that the annual flow during the post-dam period was lower than that of pre-dam period by 10%. This pattern differed from that of pre-dam period. Keywords: dam; flow; lokoja; niger; period; post; pre; river
• Simulation Analysis of Benchmark Axial Velocity After Sudden Expansion using Computational Fluid Dynamics by Onah, T. O. ; Egwuagu, O. M. ; Ozioko, R. E. ; Chukwujindu, S. ; Nwankwo, A. M. ; Nnaji, I. A. ; Aka, C. C. (2022) - Comparative study of axial velocity models at throat Reynolds number Reth. The fluid flow transition considered for Reynold numbers(s) 500, 2000, and 6500 with turbulent fluid flow models- laminar, k-omega, k-omega SST and k-epsilon based on throat Reynolds number Reth. 500, 2000 and 6500. Keywords: expansion; flow; issn; pressure; reynolds; simulation; velocity
• Enhanced Impingement Jet Cooling of Gas Turbine Wall Heat Transfer using CFD CHT Code: Influence of Wall Thermal Gradient with Fin and Dimple Obst by El-Jummah, A. M. ; Andrews, G. E. ; Staggs, J. E. J. (2019) - Also, one heat transfer obstacle was used per impingement jet air flow in order to see the level of heat transfer augmentation of each one. A 10 × 10 array of impingement jet holes was used with a fixed X/D, Z/D and n, as summarised in Table 1 (El-jummah et al., 2013, 2016a, b). Keywords: cross; figure; flow; heat; impingement; jet; obstacles; surface; transfer; wall

• Twin Synchronous Motor Grinding Mill Drives: Performance Comparison of Two Options by Onwuka, I. K. ; Diyoke, G. C. ; Nwaorgu, O. A. ; Matthew, J. O. ; Obe, E. S. (2020) - Parameter 3-ϕ Motor 3-ϕ Six-Winding Motor Winding Pitch factor, kp 0.9659 0.9659 Winding Distribution factor, kd 0.9598 0.9937 q-axis magnetizing reactance, Xmq 1.483Ω 0.3974 Ω d-axis magnetizing reactance, Xmd 2.42Ω 0.6485 Ω Rotor q-axis leakage reactance, Xlqr 0.597Ω 0.1600 Ω Rotor d-axis leakage reactance, Xldr 0.574Ω 0.1538 Ω Field winding leakage reactance, Xlfr 0.6291Ω 0.1686 Ω Rotor winding resistance for q-axis, rqr 0.0904Ω 0.0242 Ω Rotor winding resistance for d-axis, rdr 0.0993Ω 0.0266 Ω Field winding resistance, rfr 0.0662Ω 0.0171 Ω Stator winding resistance, rs 0.0667Ω �� � ���￱￱￱ Ω ��t � � ���￱￱￱ Ω Stator leakage reactance, Xls 0.1212Ω ��� � ���￱�� Ω ���t � � ���￱�� Ω Leakage reactance mutual to the two winding sets, Xlm 0 0.0088 Leakage reactance between the q- and d- axes of the two winding sets, Xldq 0 0 Number of Poles, P 6 6 Rated voltage, VLine-to-Line 208V 208V Rated current, Irated 57.8A 57.8A Inertia of unloaded motor, J 0.08kg-m2 0.08kg-m2 2.2 Mathematical Model The mathematical model used for this study was adopted from Onwuka and Obe (2019), for Drive A, and from textbooks (Krause and Sudhoff, 2000; Krause et al., 2013; Lipo, 2012), for Drive B. With s2 windings referred to s1 windings, Eqn.1 will be modified as follows: ��� � ���� � ���� (2) Keywords: drive; load; motor; t �;  �; � h; � 香; � ; � �
• Effect of Stress and Load Distribution Analysis on an Isotropic Rectangular Plate by Onyeka, F. C. (2021) - AZOJETE,17(1):9-26 ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: onyeka.festus@edouniversity.edu.ng 18 Figures 4 to 12 presents the result of CSFS plate with span of 1000mm, 3000mm and 5000mm at allowable deflection of 1mm, 3mm and 5mm at 5mm, 7.5mm, 10mm, 12.5mm and 15mm specified thickness. Figures 4 to 12 presents the result of CSFS plate with span of 1000mm, 3000mm and 5000mm at allowable deflection of 1mm, 3mm and 5mm at 5mm, 7.5mm, 10mm, 12.5mm and 15mm specified thickness. Keywords: issn; load; plate
• Sensitivity analysis of the effects of load magnitude on pavement strains using load spectra by Murana, A. A.; Olowosulu, A. T.; Awosanya, D. O. (2024) - Table 3: Arithmetic mean axle load magnitude (default axle load (kN)) for each axle configuration Axle configuration Default value k N (Southbound) Default value The core concern here-in is evaluation of effect of load magnitude from collected axle load spectra on pavement responses. Keywords: analysis; axis; axle; axle load; load; load magnitude; pavement; strain
• Solidworks Modeling of Mechanical Strength of an Optimum High Pressure A360 Die Cast by Ubani, N. O.; Dara, J. E.; Ezechukwu, V. C. (2025) - The requirement of aluminum alloy part is unavoidable in transportation sector due to their light weight leading to energy savings and less emissions and mass production of aluminum alloys is supported high pressure die cast process (Rathinam et al., 2021). ABSTRACT In this study, SolidWorks modeling was utilized to analyze the mechanical strength of high pressure A360 die castings. Keywords: figure; load; maximum; node; stress; tensile

• Implementation of Thyristor Based Control of Separately Excited DC Motor Driven by Single-Phase Semi-Converter by Diyoke, G. C.; Okeke, C. A.; Ezugwu, C. (2025) - The implementation of thyristor-based control for a separately excited DC motor driven by a single-phase semi-converter demonstrates significant advancements in the precise control of motor speed and torque. The findings underline the applicability of thyristor-based control in industrial and automation applications, offering a cost-effective solution for DC motor drives. Keywords: armature; control; current; field; motor; speed; voltage
• Design Analysis of Microcontroler Based Automatic Power Management in Photovoltaic Systems by Okandeji, A. A. ; Onaifo, F. ; Olaluwoye, O. O. ; Ukagu, S. N. ; Sosanya, B. O. ; Imobhio, I. E. (2020) - A variable DC bench power supply was used to simulate battery voltage. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: aokandeji@unilag.edu.ng 802 Tests result showed that at different voltage levels, specific load was disconnected from the desired voltage level, thus, stored energy was efficiently conserved. Keywords: figure; input; issn; low; output; pin; relay; voltage
• Performance Improvement of a Boost Converter Driving a Separately Excited DC Motor using Inductor-Capacitor (LC) Filter. by Usman, H. M.; Olarinoye , G. A.; Saminu, S.; Ibrahim, S.; Mahmud, S. (2024) - habibusman015@gmail.com 535 PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF A BOOST CONVERTER DRIVING A SEPARATELY EXCITED DC MOTOR USING INDUCTOR-CAPACITOR (LC) H. M. Usman1,2*, G. A. Olarinoye1, S. Saminu3, S. Ibrahim4, M. Mahmud1 1Department of Electrical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria 2Department of Electrical Engineering, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajathan, India 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria 4Department of Electrical Engineering, Waziru Umaru Federal Polytechnic, Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria *Corresponding author's email address: habibusman015@gmail.com ARTICLE INFORMATION Submitted 1 January, 2024 Revised 20 March, 2024 Accepted 25 March, 2024 Keywords: Boost converter LC filter separately excited DC motor harmonic content efficiency improvement MATLAB/Simulink ABSTRACT The increasing use of boost converter circuits for driving DC motors is attributed to their ability to provide extensive adjustable speed control, frequent starting, precise speed regulation, braking, and reversing capabilities. − D) VinIO = VO Vin (1 − D) (10) Separately excited DC motor efficiency γ = Power output power input (11) Keywords: boost; circuit; converter; current; dc motor; filter; lc filter; motor; voltage

• Performance Analysis of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine using Variable Blade Pitch Control Mechanism by Shuwa, M. ; Ngala, G. M. ; El- jummah, A. M. (2020) - The control mechanism stabilizes the blade pitch angle and rotor speed above wind speeds of 6 m/s and shutdown the turbine as wind speed reaches 9 m/s. Chan and Shiah (2016) revealed that an effective control mechanism shall be able regulate the blade pitch angle based on their rotational speed at the rotor and wind speed magnitude. The result shows a gradual increase in rotor speed and a proportional increase in generator power output between cut-in wind speed of 2.5m/s and rated wind speed of 6 m/s. These parameters were kept constant at 100 RPM and 50 Watts as observed due to the steady response of the control mechanism. Keywords: blade; control; mechanism; pitch; rotor; speed; wind

• New refined shear deformation theory effect on non-linear analysis of a thick plate using energy method by Onyeka, F. C. ; Okeke, T. E. (2021) - Aghdam and Vafa (2004) researched on bending solutions of rectangular thick plates by the application of the extended Kantorovich method (EKM). ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: onyeka.festu@edouniversity.edu.ng 123 Ibearugbulem et al. (2018) did a study on the analysis of rectangular thick plate in relation to bending with all the plate’s supports clamped (CCCC) by applying polynomial shear deformation theory (PSDT). Keywords: analysis; deformation; issn; plate; shear; stress; theory; thickness; ̅̅ ̅; ̅̅ ̅̅

• Comparison of experimental charring rate of some selected constructional wood species from south western Nigeria with selected charring models. by Adetayo, O. A. ; Dahunsi, B. I. O. (2019) - Experimental charring rate results were compared with the values predicted by three selected models. In the development of charring models, Eurocode 5 (EN, 2004) recommendation has a simple constant charring rate relationship as follows: dchar = βοt (3) dchar = charring depth mm βο = charring rate (mm/min), usually between (0.5 to 0.8) mm/min t = time in min. Keywords: charring; fire; issn; min; rate; species; wood
• Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Bleaching Process in Aqueous Solution using Sodium Hypochlorite by Okeola, F. O. ; Nwosu, F. O. ; Abu, T. O. ; Odebunmi, E. O. ; Owolabi, O. B. (2022) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: okeolaf@yahoo.com, okeola.of@unilorin.edu.ng 114 3.2 Dependency of bleaching rate on concentration of dye The effect of concentration dye on the rate of bleaching reaction was carried out with different initial concentration of dye while keeping the values of other influencing factors constant. Most bleaches are of course oxidants (Abdul and Narenda, 2013; Aqeel et al., 2020). Keywords: bleaching; concentration; dye; iii; ion; issn; kinetics; presence; rate; reaction

• Geophysical Mapping of Aquifer Potential Zones Using Hydraulic Parameters in Lokoja and Environs, North-Central, Nigeria by Omali, O. A. ; Arogundade, J. T. (2022) - Study area Table 5 shows the protective capacity of the aquifers within study area obtained using their longitudinal conductance Longitudinal conductance (Ω—1) Protective capacity rating >10 Excellence 5–10 Very good 0.7–4.9 Keywords: aquifer; area; basement; hdw; issn; layer; study; unit
• Geospatial Assessment of Channel Planform and Migration in the Lower Reach of River Gongola, Adamawa State, Nigeria by Ikusemoran, M.; Zemba, A. A.; Tukur, A. L. (2024) - The temporal assessment of channel migration areas is important for monitoring the channel at different periods and for documentation of the changes and what cause such changes which can be sources of relevant data for the general management of river channels. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: yomiomoolu@gmail.com 457 Source: Researchers’ compilation (2023) 2.2.2 Determination of other Channel Planform features Other planform features like channel area, width, perimeter, length, average channel width, changes in channel width, percentage change of channel width, sinuosity index, migration area, magnitude of migration and annual rate of migration were determined through their respective formula as shown in Table 1. Keywords: area; channel; channel migration; erosion; gongola; issn; migration; river; sinuosity; width

• Tilapia Fish Scale-Derived Hydroxyapatite Inhibitor for Copper Corrosion: Electrochemical, Adsorption, and Mechanistic Investigations by Fayomi, O. S. I. (2025) - A review on the assessment of polymeric materials used as corrosion inhibitor of metals and alloys. Corrosion inhibitors: A review. Keywords: adsorption; copper; corrosion; fish; hydroxyapatite; inhibitor; journal; scales; surface; tilapia
• Adsorption and Thermodynamics Studies of Corrosion Inhibition on Carbon Steel using Pumpkin Pod Extract (Telfairia occidentalis) by Okewale, A. O. ; Adebayo, A. T. (2020) - 2.7 Determination of Activation Energy The activation energy parameter of the corrosion inhibition process on carbon steel surface was gotten using Equation (4) below log CR = log A - Ea 2.303RT (4) where: CR is the rate of corrosion, Ea is the apparent activation energy, R is the universal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, and A is the frequency factor. Figure 7: Temkin Isotherm for adsorption of inhibitor on carbon steel surface El – Awady isotherm is a plot of log (Ɵ/1-Ɵ) against log C which is shown in Figure 8. Keywords: adsorption; carbon; carbon steel; corrosion; extract; inhibitor; issn; occidentalis; pumpkin; steel; surface; telfairia

• Application of SEM/EDS in Fractographic Investigation of TIG Welded AISI 1020 Fusion Zones at Distinct Welding Current Steps by Owunna, I. B. ; Ikpe, A. E. ; Ohwoekevwo, J. U. (2022) - Welding current is the electrical amperage in the power equipment used in carrying out welding operation. Welding current is one of the most influential welding parameter in welding operation because it has a high tendency of affecting bead geometry, electrode melting rate, deposition rate, heat affected zone and weld penetration depth (Ikpe et al., 2017). Keywords: current; figure; fracture; fusion; hardness; heat; issn; journal; steel; tig; welding; zone

• Investigation of Corn Seeds Growth under Simulated Microgravity by Oluwafemi, F. A. ; Olubiyi, R. A. (2019) - The experiment of Oluwafemi et al. (2018b) on watermelon seeds growth under simulated microgravity using clinostat showed that there was an increased growth rate of the clinorotated sample than the terrestrial control sample. Investigation of watermelon seeds growth under simulated microgravity and its advantages to agriculture sector. Keywords: corn; growth; light; plant; sample; seeds
• Characterization of Clay from Oza-Nogogo in Delta State, Nigeria for Potential Industrial Uses. by Uwadiae, S. E. ; Ekeleme, V. (2018) - The major elemental contents of clay samples detected in the study were Si, Al, Fe, Ti and K. The major elemental contents of clay samples detected in the study were Si, Al, Fe, Ti and K. Keywords: clay; issn; journal; nogogo; oza; quartz; sample
• Proximate Composition, Mineral and Phytochemical contents of whole fruits, rinds and seeds of Guna (Citrullus vulgaris) fruit. by Ndahi, T. E. ; Badau, M. H. ; Kassum, A. L. ; Mshelia, L. P. ; Peter, D. (2023) - The Mg content obtained in this study was higher compared to the values documented for C. vulgaris seeds (Adua et al., 2019), watermelon seeds (Gabriel et al., 2018) and melon husk (Akiode et al., 2018). The quantified phytochemicals in guna of this study agreed with the report on the determination of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, glycosides and saponins for sweet melon seeds (Gabriel et al., 2018), water melon seeds (Opara et al., 2019), C. sativus fruit (Agatemor et al., 2018) and Cucum metuliferus rinds (Ezekaibeya et al., 2020). Keywords: composition; content; et al; fruit; guna; issn; journal; phytochemical; proximate; rinds; sample; seeds
• Characterisation of Rice Husk and Wood Ash as Constituents for Production of Phosphorus and Potassium by Malgwi, D. J.; Jones, A. N. ; Musa, M. A. (2025) - The result shows that rice husk ash contains a mean value in terms of mg/100g of K2O (3.593) and P2O5(1.382). The results from the characterization of rice husk ash are shown in Table 1. Keywords: ash; husk; mean; potassium; rice; sample; wood

• Development of a Modified East-West Interface for Distributed Control Plane Network by Adedokun, E. A. ; Adekale, A. (2019) - The East-West Interface is the communication channel that exists solely for distributed SDN controllers (Oktian et al., 2017); providing inter-domain communications. East-West Bridge for SDN network peering. Keywords: communication; control; controllers; interface; mcidc; network; plane; tcp
• An Efficient Technique for the Reduction of Packet Loss in Wireless Sensor Network by Nnamani, K. K. ; Usman, A. D. ; Abubilal, K. A. (2020) - Congestion control protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey. Congestion control and avoidance are the actions taken to manipulate the network traffic, to prevent congestion and eventually congestion collapse (Antoniou et al., 2013). Keywords: congestion; control; loss; packet; roaming; sensor; wireless

• Value Management Concept in Construction Projects Delivery in Kano State by Dahiru, Alhassan (2019) - Unpublished PhD in construction project management. International Journal of project management, 28(1): 285 – 295. Keywords: application; concept; construction; management; projects; state; value
• Optimization of some Mineral Contents of Dried Osmo-pretreated Green Bell Pepper (Capsicum annuum) using Reponse Surface Methodology by Odewole, M. M.; Sunmonu, M. O.; Oyeniyi, S. K.; Adeyinka-Ajiboye, O.; Ayodimeji, Z. O. (2012) - RSM was used to optimize osmotic dehydration process and drying of carrot by (Singh et al., 2006) in sodium chloride solution and drying temeperature of 65˚C. Osmotic dehydration process for preservation of fruits and vegetables. Keywords: bell; green; magnesium; pepper; process; value

• Analysis of Groundwater Pollution from an Unlined Constructed Wetland Sludge Drying Bed by Adeniran, A. E. ; Ajibola, O. I. ; Aina, A. T. (2019) - Pande et al. (2015) and Ohwoghere-Asuma and Aweto (2013) reported groundwater pollution levels for iron ranging from 17.28 to 18.60 due to sludge leachate. The region is characterized by high water tables within shallow aquifers with tropical weather conditions, lots of sunshine and excessive rainfall (Obaje, 2009). Keywords: boreholes; groundwater; issn; operation; parameters; pollution; quality; sdb; sludge; table

• Characterization of Blends of Petrol and Bioethanol Synthesized from Nigerian Palm Bunch. by Igbokwe, J. O.; Onuoha, L. N. ; Nwafor, M. O. I. ; Aviara, N. A. (2020) - The waste palm bunch was subjected to physical pretreatment, hydrolysis with 1.2 % dilute H2SO4, at 160 oC for 30 min, fermentation for 72 h with S.scerevisea separated from palm wine, then distillation to obtain bioethanol fuel. 2.2 Fuel blends formulation and characterization Elemental analysis of the produced bioethanol was carried out following the ASTM standard test procedures and compared to ASTM D4806 specification for denatured fuel bioethanol blend able with petrol for use as automotive SI engine fuel. Keywords: astm; bioethanol; blends; engine; et al; fuel; issn; journal; palm; petrol

• Estimating Groundwater Recharge for Sustainable Management in the Nigerian Sector of the Chad Basin by Goni, I.B.; Edmunds, W.M. ; Adeniji, F.A. (2004) - With the exception of the MF profile, the other seven profiles give recharge rates ranging from 19 to 66 mm a-1 with an average of 48 mm a-1. Spatial variability of recharge rates using the Cl mass balance equation has been explained by Edmunds and Gaye (1994). Keywords: arid; balance; chloride; groundwater; rainfall; recharge; study; zone

• Effect of Lantana Camara, Cassia Occidentalis and Rucinus Communis Seeds and Leaves Extract as Corrosion Inhibitors of Mild Steel in 2M HCL Solution by Andy, E. T.; Hammajam, A. A.; Aji, I. S. (2025) - Sivaraju et al, (2010) also investigated the inhibition effect of Acalypha indica extract on mild steel corrosion in 1M phosphoric acid using Weight loss and polarization techniques at a temperature of 30oC and 60oC respectively. Corrosion tests were conducted using the weight loss technique to determine the corrosion rate of mild steel coupons over a 14-day period, with measurements taken at 24-hour intervals. Keywords: camara; cassia; corrosion; extract; inhibition; leaves; seeds; steel
• Mechanical and Structural Responses of Low Carbon Steel to Cold Rolling and Stress Relief Anneal Treatments by Bodude, M. A. ; Ayoola, W. A. ; Oyetunji, A. (2020) - Similarly, the least flexural strength obtained for the rolled sample and rolled + stress relief anneal sample are 1260 MPa and 360 MPa respectively. The impact energy of 220 J and 135 J were recorded for stress relieved and cold rolled samples, respectively. Keywords: anneal; carbon; cold; deformation; relief; steel; stress
• Effect of Inoculant on the Degradation Behaviour of Multi Layered Mild Steel/Al-Cr Plate in Psidium Guajava Leaf Extract by Bawa, M. A. ; Abdulwahab, M. ; Umaru, O. B. ; Adams, S. M. ; Sani, L. M. ; Agidani, N. (2018) - ADT KWR  (1) Where: R= Corrosion rate K= Corrosion constant A= Surface area in ��� W=Weight loss in grams D= Density of material T= Time of exposure in hours For this case, corrosion rate is taken in 2/ /g ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng 536 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Gravimetric measurement result showing Variation of corrosion rate with inoculant The Figure 1 below shows the variation of corrosion rates with immersion time at room temperature for different concentrations of inoculant in 0.5M of HCl/guava leaf extract medium. Keywords: corrosion; inoculant; issn; leaf; polarization; steel
• Parametric Optimization and Determination of a Suitable Welding Process for Stainless Steel-Mild Steel Dissimilar Metals Weld by Sada, S. O. ; Enyi, L. C. (2020) - Conversely, Kaewkuekool and Amornsin (2008), Kim (2009), and Wang (2012) revealed aside identifying a ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT Difficulties associated with dissimilar metals welding differ remarkably and can be minimized with the selection of a suitable joining process, modification of the joining technique, and the adoption of optimal process parameters. Martinsen (2015), Bang (2013) and Dong (2012), reported that the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMC) resulting from the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and the molten pool is minimized with the use of arc welding process. Keywords: arc; gas; metal; process; stainless; steel; tensile; welding

• Rainfall-Runoff Modeling for Challawa and Jakara Catchment Areas of Kano City, Nigeria. by Mohammed, A. ; Dan’Azumi, S. ; Modibbo, A. A. ; Adamu, A. A. ; Ibrahim, Y. (2021) - From Table 5, it could be seen that, the flow rate of Jakara basin is higher than that of Challawa basin across the period of consideration (1988-2018). This is because, Jakara basin is more urbanized than Challawa basin as proven by the LULC characterization result. Keywords: areas; basin; catchment; challawa; hec; hms; issn; jakara; kano; rainfall; runoff
• Generation of Rainfall Intensity-Duration Frequency Models for Port Harcourt City in South- South Ngeria by Emeka-Chris, C. C. (2024) - 3.3 Model Performance/Validation for Port Harcourt IDF Models Table 2: Model Performance/ Validation for Port Harcourt IDF Model Obtained by Gumbel method Duration (min) Location Distribution Model validation 10 15 20 30 60 120 180 240 300 360 Port-Harcourt Gumbel χ2 0.98 2.69 0.96 7.49 4.10 1.05 0.27 0.25 0.01 0.50 RMSE 4.68 7.59 4.28 11.73 7.82 3.00 1.34 1.20 0.20 1.43 R 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.87 0.98 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 R2 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.76 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 Pvalue 0.96 0.75 0.97 0.19 0.54 0.96 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 http://www.azojete.com.ng/ file:///C:/Users/Engr.%20Samuel/Documents/Engr%20Oyeniyi/azojete/AZOJETE%20ARCHIVE/UPLOAD/VOL%2020%20NO%201/PUBLISH/niyiolabisi@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, June 2024; Vol. 20(2):403-416. Keywords: distribution; duration; frequency; gumbel; harcourt; idf; intensity; issn; models; port; rainfall; return

• Performance Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt Using Cow Dung Ash as Filler by Murana, A. A. ; Ude, V.; Suleiman, A. (2023) - In the HMA, cow dung ash partially replaced granite dust at varying percentages using varying bitumen content. Here, we focused on partially replacing quarry dust with cow dung ash as filler in hot mix asphalt. Keywords: ash; asphalt; bitumen; bitumen content; cda; content; cow; dung; figure; filler; issn; mix
• Chemical Composition Ananlysis of Coconut Shell Powder and Ash for Composite Reinforcement. by Abba-Aji, M. A. ; Ameh , E. S. ; Shuwa, M. (2023) - In this study, the potential of coconut shell powder and coconut shell ash were investigated. The results obtained revealed that coconut shell powder and coconut shell ash demonstrated comparable chemical properties to the conventional composites. Keywords: ash; chemical; coconut; composition; issn; oxide; powder; shell

• Comparison of square and circular isolated pad foundations in cohesionless soils by Komolafe, O. O. ; Balogun, I. O. ; Abiodun, Y. O. (2021) - This study focuses on the suitability of the square versus circular isolated pad foundation types in cohesionless soils, from a geotechnical, structural, and construction cost perspective. High yield tensile reinforcements of 12 mm diameter are usually the minimum size provided for pad foundations. Keywords: capacity; case; circular; construction; foundation; pad; pad foundation; square
• Assessment of Information Technology Adoption in Project Information Exchange in Nigerian Construction Industry by Datti, Y. U. ; Dahiru, A. ; Olamilokun, O. (2019) - However, it is against these negative practices that the study investigates the mechanism of project information exchange and examines the order of IT adoption in the Nigerian Construction industry with a view to reducing inefficiencies in data management in the industry. 2.0 Materials and Methods This paper investigated the mechanism of project information and examine the order of IT adoption in the Nigerian Construction industry. However, despite this evidential benefit as a result of IT adoption, delayed receipt of project information and/or loss of the project data/information are still prevalent in the Nigerian construction industry. Keywords: adoption; construction; industry; information; issn; medium; nigerian; paper; project; use

• Development of Wind Operated Passive Evaporative Cooling Structures for Storage of Tomatoes by Sunmonu, M. O. ; Chukwu, Ogbonnaya ; Haff, Ron (2016) - The mature green samples of tomatoes were stored inside the two types of passive evaporative cooling structures for a period of 16 days. The wind operated passive evaporative cooling structures were tested with mature green tomato fruits for a period of sixteen days. Keywords: chamber; cooling; issn; storage; structures; wind
• Shear Wall Provision Influence on Medium Rise Multi-Storey Framed Building in Maiduguri by Alkali, A. M. ; Onundi, L. O. ; Mohammed, K. (2019) - The result shows that, the displacement fora 15 storey building with shear wall was 91.44% less than same without shear walls while with increasing storey height, the differences reduce; for example, the displacement for 20 storey building with shear wall showed 81.5% lesser than same building without shear wall. Table 2: Models displacements and Limiting values Building Model Top Storey Displacements without shear walls (mm) Top Storey Displacement with Shear walls (mm) Keywords: building; issn; multi; shear; storey; walls; wind

• Composition and Biochemical Methane Potential from Different Typha Components by Sale, N. A. ; Kohn, R. A. ; Sale, A.; Mohammed, U. S.; Dalha, I. B. (2022) - However, the effects of different Typha components such as leaves, stalk, root and different combination using rumen fluid from a cow has not been reported. Methane yield from 30 g of different Typha components Figure 5 b show methane yield from the combination of different typha components. Keywords: components; content; gas; issn; leaf; methane; plant; rhizome; root; stem; typha

• Environmental Trends Due to Arc Welding Activities: Sensitivity of some Typical Workplaces by Shote, A. S.; Aasa, S. A.; Adeyemi, H. O. (2024) - The resulting composition of welding fumes could vary depending on the type of welding process employed, the welding conditions, and the type of metal being welded. Some measures are recommended to mitigate the risks associated with welding emissions, such steps as proper ventilation, wearing protective gear, and using safer welding methods are sometimes neglected or partially embraced. Keywords: air; aqi; emissions; health; locations; welding

• Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics of Heavy Metals from Tannery Effluent Using Composite Agricultural Waste by Musti, Y. A.; Yaumi, A. L.; Mukhtar, F. U.; Highina, B. K.; Umar, H. (2025) - 2.3 Adsorption Kinetic Study Kinetic modeling for adsorption processes involves studying the rate of adsorption of a species under particular condition before attaining equilibrium, it involves studying the mechanisms of the adsorption processes (Vunain et al., 2021). Kinetic Model Parameters for Chromium adsorption onto GR-AC Table 2c.: Keywords: adsorption; isotherm; journal; order; pseudo
• Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Adsorption of Safranin-O from Aqueous Solutions using Pineapple Peels by Mohammed, M. A. ; Ibn Abubakar, B. S. U.; Kurna, B. B. (2017) - Investigation of Safranin O adsorption on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) and multi-wall carbon nanotube/SPION composites. Table 2: Values of RL and corresponding isotherm type (Hameed et al., 2009) Values of RL Type of isotherm RL> 1 Unfavorable RL = 1 Linear 0 < RL > 1 Favorable RL = 0 Irreversible A Langmuir isotherm plot of 1/qe against 1/Ce is shown in Figure 8 below. Keywords: adsorbent; adsorption; concentration; dye; equilibrium; figure; issn; journal; kinetic; pineapple; safranin
• Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics of Heavy Metals Removal from Tannery Effluent Using Composite Agricultural Waste as Adsorbent by Musti, Y. A ; Yaumi, A. L.; Mukhtar, F. U.; Highina, B. K.; Umar, H. (2024) - Kinetic Model Parameters for Chromium adsorption onto GR-AC Table 2c: Kinetic Model Parameters for Cadmium adsorption onto GR-AC Co (mg/L) qe exp (mg/g) Pseudo first-order K1 qe cal R 2 (1/h ) (mg/g) Pseudo second K2 qe cal R 2 (g/mg.min ) (mg/g) 50 1.917 0.844 0.651 0.9939 5.474 8.518 0.9705 100 1.676 0.678 0.516 0.9985 1.347 7.007 0.9987 150 2.052 0.573 0.719 0.9983 20.488 6.863 0.9955 200 1.668 0.454 0.511 0.996 8.0267 6.325 0.9950 250 1.7864 0.4399 0.580 0.9972 3.681 5.678 0.9828 Co (mg/L) qe exp (mg/g) Pseudo first-order K1 qe cal R 2 (1/h ) (mg/g) Pseudo second K2 qe cal R 2 (g/mg.min) (mg/g) 50 1.238 0.406 0.215 0.9828 27.091 2.959 0.718 100 5.791 0.331 1.756 0.9956 7.563 5.071 0.9960 150 3.126 0.340 1.139 0.9996 8.241 3.968 0.9956 200 3.126 0.339 1.139 0.9996 5.116 3.395 0.9985 250 5.791 0.331 1.756 0.9956 5.080 4.762 0.9986 Co (mg/L) qe exp (mg/g) Pseudo first-order K1 qe cal R 2 (1/h ) (mg/g) Pseudo second K2 qe cal R 2 (g/mg.min) (mg/g) 50 1.898 0.312 0.641 0.9965 18.198 3.948 0.907 100 2.883 0.266 1.059 0.9998 33.053 2.547 0.9867 150 2.800 0.235 1.029 0.9997 313.111 1.428 0.9992 200 2.821 0.202 1.037 0.9992 181.133 2.708 0.9961 250 2.930 0.161 1.075 0.9996 67.518 2.217 0.9949 file:///C:/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng mailto:%20kunleoluyori@gmail.com Musti et al: Adsorption Isotherms and Kinetics of Heavy Metals Removal from Tannery Effluent Using Composite Agricultural Waste as Adsorbent. Isotherms and kinetics studies play an important role in understanding the nature and mechanism of adsorption process. Keywords: adsorption; isotherm; issn; order; pseudo; tannery

• Fabrication of manual materials handling mechanism for lifting and feeding of cassava mash by Samuel, T. M. ; Aremu, O. O. ; Adegbite, S. E. ; Onu, L. I. ; Olokose, A. A. ; Kolawole, O. P. (2018) - Similar activity is involved in other unit operations prior to frying – peeling, washing, grating, pressing/dewatering, and pulverizing which results in rapid fatigue and body http://www.azojete.com.ng mailto:samtaimos@gmail.com Samuel, et al. Fabrication of manual materials handling mechanism for lifting and feeding of cassava mash. The aspect being investigated in this study is that of loading, using MMH method instead of the traditional way of using bowl or other handy container to do it. ../../../user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Samuel, et al. Fabrication of manual materials handling mechanism for lifting and feeding of cassava mash. Keywords: cassava; device; handling; hopper; issn; lifting; mash; pan

• Effect of Drying Conditions on the Drying Kinetics and Colour Changes of Plantain (Musa X Paradisiaca) Slices using Combined Heated Air and Infrared Dryers by Olosunde, W. A. ; Akpanesen, M. M. ; Assian, U. E. ; Olosunde, O. O. (2023) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: williamolosunde@uniuyo.edu.ng 216 The effectiveness of the various IR and HAD combination strategies (modes) could also be assessed by the changes in the colour of dried plantain samples. Drying mode with minimum ∆E and shortest drying time was noted as the best drying mode. Keywords: drying

• Investigation of Chemical Composition of a Steam Turbine Shaft (A Case of Kaduna Refinery) by Garba, D. K. ; Muhammad, M. J. ; Umar, U. S. ; Ozoekwe, N. C. A. (2020) - Comparing the chemical compositions of the ASTM A668 steam turbine shaft requirement under class D standard of the chemical compositions standards of steam turbine shaft, original turbine and locally fabricated steam turbine shaft as shown in Figure 3, Phosphorus contents of ASTM standard and locally fabricated shaft are the same which shows its effectiveness as a substitute to the OEM shaft. The analysis also showed that carbon, manganese, chromium and phosphorus content of the original steam turbine shaft was higher than that of the untreated locally fabricated shaft with values; (0.48C, 0.06S, 0.12Ca, 0.99Cr, 0.36Si, 0.71Mn, 0.07P, 0.12Ni, 0.15Cu and 0.39Mo) and the locally fabricated steam turbine shaft (0.38C, 0.07S, 0.038Ca, 0.89Cr, 0.83Si, 0.63Mn, 0.04P, 0.04Ni, 0.16Cu and 0.20Mo) as shown in Table 1. Comparing the chemical compositions of the original and locally fabricated steam turbine shaft as shown in Figure 2, nickel noted to induce strength, ductility and toughness in turbine shafts is lower in the locally fabricated shaft. Keywords: chemical; composition; shaft; steam; treatment; turbine; turbine shaft

• Dynamics of pomegranate fruit weight loss during precooling and ambient storage: a spatial and temporal analysis by Mukama, M. ; Ambaw, A. ; Opara, U. L. (2018) - The effects of relative humidity (RH) inside the cold room, polyliner inside the packaging and stack orientation on fruit weight loss were studied. It was observed that fruit weight loss in liner-based packaging was almost equivalent to room humidification. Keywords: fruit; loss; pomegranate; precooling; stack; storage; weight
• EFFECT OF STORAGE ENVIRONMENT AND PACKAGING MEDIA ON THE DISEASE INCIDENCE AND WEIGHT LOSS OF STORED AFRICAN STAR APPLE (Chrysophyllum albidum) by Sunmonu, M. O. ; Odewole, M. M. ; Obajemihi, O. ; Ajala, O. E. (2017) - Materials and Methods 2.1 Collection of fresh African Star Apple and Weight Determination Two hundred and seventy (270) standardized ripe African star apple fruits of average weight of 40g were purchased from a local market (Ipata) in Ilorin Kwara State, Nigeria.. Results and Discussion Table 1 indicates that weight loss of stored fruits statistically depend on storage duration. Keywords: african; apple; fruits; loss; star; storage; weight

• Real-Time Detection of Abandoned Object using Centroid Difference Method by Samaila, Y. A. ; Rabiu, H. ; Mustapha, I. (2020) - The accuracy of abandoned object detection on GMM approach is 83%, whereas the SOBS approach has 67% accuracy as shown from results of equation 6. 4. Background subtraction frame difference algorithm for moving object detection and extraction. Keywords: background; centroid; detection; foreground; frame; issn; method; object

• GPS Anti-Jamming Technique Using Smart Antenna Systems by Akobundu, G.C. ; Gbenga-Ilori, A.O. (2019) - DOA estimation is also a key research area in adaptive array antenna systems. They pointed out that one of the major problems with existing blind anti-jamming array signal processing technique is that they introduce errors in the carrier phase, and developed a technique that achieves GPS signal phase continuity by using accurate estimation of phase rotated steering vector of the GPS signal. Keywords: algorithm; antenna; array; beamforming; gps; issn; lms; signal

• Empirical Determination of Losses in an Optical Fibre Link by Onaifo, F. ; Alao, P. O. ; Oyedeji, A. O. ; Olasukanmi, O. G. ; Temidayo, A. S. ; Lawal, T. O. (2019) - The effect of microwave radiation on health together with the noise pollution from generators mounted on Base Transceiver station makes Optical fibre a better alternative. Installation of Optical fibre for long and short distances require joining cables which contribute significantly to a loss at the various joints. Keywords: attenuation; fibre; link; loss; losses; nonreflective

• Effect of Oil Palm Biomass Cellulosic Content on Molecular Structure of Biochar by Lawal, A. A.; Hassan, M. A.; Mohammed, B.; Shirai, Y. (2025) - Although a lot of research have been conducted on converting oil palm biomass into biochar (Abd Waft et al., 2017; Jia and Lua, 2008; Zainal et al., 2018, Amosa et al., 2014; Parthasarathy et al., 2016; Rugayah et al., 2014), little is known about the contribution of lignocellulosic components on the functionality of biochar. At the temperature range 500 to 950 °C, mass loss of commercial cellulose (3.2 %) was remarkably lowest compared to oil palm frond (6.1 %) and oil palm kernel shell (7.7 %) mainly due to lack of lignin, which would otherwise continue to decompose and release carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the form of H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H2 and C2H6 at higher temperatures (Yang et al. 2006). Keywords: biochar; biomass; carbon; cellulose; frond; kernel; oil palm; palm; palm frond; palm kernel; shell
• Effect of Compaction Pressure and Biomass Type (Rice Husk and Sawdust) on Some Physical and Combustion Properties of Briquettes by Aliyu, M. ; Mohammed, I. S. ; Lawal, H. A. ; Dauda, S. M. ; Balami, A. A. ; Usman, M. ; Abdullahi, L. ; Abubakar, M. ; Ndagi, B. (2021) - Figure 6 shows the shatter index of produced briquettes at the three (3) different compaction pressures. RH briquettes exhibited the highest hydrophobicity compared to the other briquettes. Keywords: biomass; briquettes; combustion; compaction; issn; pressure

• Sensory, Textural and Cooking Quality of Instant Noodles Produced from Musa spp - Wheat Composite Flours by Adebayo, W. A. ; Ogunsina, B. S. ; Taiwo, K. A. (2018) - Values followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different (p< 0.05), 0%NOD = 100% wheat flour instant noodle; 5%NOD = 5% Musa spp flour + 95% wheat flour instant noodle; 10%NOD = 10% Musa spp flour + 90% wheat flour instant noodle; 15%NOD = 15% Musa spp flour + 85% wheat flour instant noodle; 20%NOD = 20% Musa spp flour + 80% wheat flour instant noodle; 25%NOD = 25% Musa spp flour + 75% wheat flour instant noodle Cooking properties: The cooking time ranged from 3.40 – 4.38 min for the instant noodle samples with sample 25%NOD and 0%NOD having minimum and maximum values, respectively (Table 3). Table 4: Sensory evaluation score of Musa spp-wheat composite flour instant noodle Products Taste Colour Flavor Texture Overall acceptability 0%NOD 6.15a±0.77 6.15a±0.72 5.58a±0.49 6.23a±0.69 5.96a±0.71 5%NOD 5.73b±0.59 2.38b±0.49 5.15b±0.53 5.42b±0.68 4.69b±0.77 10%NOD 5.31c±0.67 2.42b±0.49 5.42ab±0.68 5.27b±0.81 4.39b±0.49 15%NOD 4.23d±0.57 1.62c±0.48 3.50c±0.50 3.96c±0.71 2.08c±0.73 20%NOD 3.19e±0.62 1.50c±0.50 3.39c±0.49 3.62c±0.56 1.58d±0.49 25%NOD 2.42f±0.49 1.19d±0.39 1.73d±0.59 3.77c±0.42 1.15e±0.36 Values are mean ± standard deviation of triplicate, Values followed by the same letter in the same column are not significantly different (p< 0.05), 0%NOD = 100% wheat flour instant noodle; 5%NOD = 5% Musa spp flour + 95% wheat flour instant noodle; 10%NOD = 10% Musa spp flour + 90% wheat flour instant noodle; 15%NOD = 15% Musa spp flour + 85% wheat flour instant noodle; 20%NOD = 20% Musa spp flour + 80% wheat flour instant noodle; 25%NOD = 25% Musa spp flour + 75% wheat flour instant noodle Mechanical Properties of Musa spp-Wheat Instant Noodle The force – deformation characteristics exhibited by Musa spp-wheat instant noodles at different levels of substitution under compressive loading is presented in Figure 2. Keywords: cooking; et al; flour; instant; musa; musa spp; noodle; spp flour; values; wheat; wheat flour; wheat instant

• Practical Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Determining Rice Amylose Content at Grain Elevator by Matsuo, M. ; Kawamura, S. ; Kato, M. ; Diaz, E. O. ; Koseki, S. (2018) - Thus, the objective of this study was to develop non-destructive method to determine rice amylose content for practical use at grain elevator. The result obtained in this study indicated that this calibration model enables non-destructive determination of rice amylose content at grain elevator. Keywords: amylose; calibration; content; grain; rice; set

• Modeling the relationship between grading, moisture content and screen apertures in groundnut decortication by Aminu, S. ; Akande, F. B. ; Ola, F. A. (2018) - Table 1: Format used for multi-variable relationship modelling Clean Kernels (Y) Linear Interaction (MC×SA) Quadratic MC SA (MC)² (SA)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� (�‵�)² ����)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� ��‵�)² ����)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� ��‵�)² ����)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� ��‵�)² ����)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� (�‵�)² ����)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� ��‵�)² (���)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� ��‵�)² ����)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� ��‵�)² ����)² �� �‵� ��� �‵���� ��‵�)² ����)² ���� - Clean kernels recovered, �‵��� – Moisture content at 8, 10 and 20 % levels, ����� – Screen aperture of 8, 10 and 12 mm file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Aminu, et al. Samnut 18 : 5002.0728.0185.11  MCSACK (2) ii) Grade II Samnut 10: ‵U � �th���‵ � �it�L�� � L�t�L � �t��� �‵ � �� � �t������‵� � �t�h���� (3) Keywords: grade; groundnut; kernels; shell; ² �; � l; � t; � �

• Empirical analysis of traditional akara frying process by Aviara, N. A. ; Olarinde, M. O. ; Nasirudeen, A. R. ; Lasisi, D. ; Balogun, L. A. ; Ogundare, S. O. ; Ogunsola, F. O. (2020) - The volume of oil consumed by akara ball were obtained by measuring the initial volume of oil before frying and final volume of oil after frying �� � �� −�� (6) Where, �� = Oil consumption (ml) � � = Initial volume of oil before frying (ml) �� = final volume of oil after frying (ml) Note – Neglect the volume of oil evaporated or sublimed by heat. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng 234 Table 8: Result of ANOVA on density and spoon diameter ratio on akara concentrations Source Type III Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Corrected Model 5.347E-008a 8 6.683E-009 124.896 .000 Intercept 8.142E-006 1 8.142E-006 42631.052 .000 Dp 4.567E-008 3 1.522E-008 326.289 .007 C 2.025E-009 2 1.012E-009 62.324 .000 Dp * C 3.725E-009 3 1.242E-009 1.231 .617 Error .000 18 .000 Total 8.963E-006 27 Corrected Total 5.347E-008 26 a. R Squared = 0.993 (Adjusted R Squared = 0.986) 3.6 Surface area Keywords: akara; depth; diameter; frying; spoon
• Design, construction and evaluation of an animal drawn disc harrow by Usman, A.M.; Haque, M.A. ; Umar, B. (2004) - Therefore, if animal traction were to be promoted in the farming system, it would contribute positively to agricultural development in the country. Animal traction provides a well-tested and proven option as a substitute for hoe cultivation. Keywords: angle; animal; depth; disc; draught; harrow; implement

• Reservoir Hydrocarbon Volumetric Analysis of Sapele Deep Field, Niger Delta, Southern Nigeria by Airen, O. J. ; Mujakperuo, B. J. O. (2023) - The net sand thickness, porosity values and water saturation values as revealed in the various reservoir petrophysical table, field area extent of 16515.73, 7758 acre-feet conversion constant for oil reservoirs and 1.20 oil formation volume factor were used in delineating well 01 reservoir volumetrics. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: osariere.airen@uniben.edu 848 Figure 1: Examples of Niger Delta oil filed structures and associated trapping styles (Stacher, 1995) Keywords: field; hydrocarbon; issn; recovery; reservoirs; 𝐻𝐶𝑃𝑉 𝑆𝑇𝑂𝐼𝐼𝑃; 𝑅𝐹 𝑈𝑅; 𝑆𝑇𝑂𝐼𝐼𝑃 𝑅𝐹

• Development of a Laboratory Size Single Toggle Jaw Crusher for Artisanal Miners and Stone Workers by Okechukwu, C. ; Dahunsi, O. A. ; Oke, P. K. ; Oladele, I. O. ; Dauda, M. (2020) - Likewise, �� � �� �t�6.63° � �50.65 N ��� � �� ��� 6.63° � �48.9� N The horizontal component of the crushing force is given by: ��t � ��� � ��� � ��� N (5) Summing vertical forces, we have: �� � �� − �� −�� −��t −�� � 0 (11) Keywords: crusher; figure; issn; jaw; shaft; ° �; − �; � t; � ×; � −; � 耀; � �

• Effect of Number of Passengers [Loading] on Centre of Gravity of a Three Wheeled Vehicle [Keke-Napep] by Sunday, B. ; Thomas, U. ; Ityokumbul, I. S.; Nasir, A. (2019) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: s2bako@yahoo.com 646 Overloading puts massive strain on vehicle tyres and chassis and also makes the vehicle less sable, difficult to steer, takes longer time to stop and causes damages to the road and road users. The presence of three wheels indicates that the vehicles would have different static and dynamic characteristics compared to those of other vehicles. Keywords: centre; gravity; loading; passengers; position; rear; vehicle

• Prediction of Natural Gas Compressibility Factor in a Single-Phase Gas Reservoir: A Comparative Study by Bello, M. N. ; Musa, M. A. (2020) - Natural gas compressibility factor is essential for the determination of gas physical properties such as gas density, viscosity, gas formation volume factor, gas expansion factor, and specific gravity of gas. This study intend to carry out a comparative study on various methods of predicting gas compressibility factor, thereafter evaluate the best method in terms of accuracy and reliability in the prediction of the compressibility factor. Keywords: compressibility; correlation; equation; factor; gas; issn; methods; pseudo

• Development of an improved acm scheme for mitigating earth-to-space propagation effects by Tekanyi, A. M. S. ; Idris, R. M. ; Usman, A. D. ; Abdullahi , M. Z. ; Agbon, E. E. (2021) - Successful design of communication links involves many factors such as the various losses as well as antenna power and gain (Kilcoyne et al., 2016). The geometric increase in user-demand for higher capacity satellite links has inspired satellite operators to operate in higher frequency bands, such as Ka-band and above in order to accommodate the necessary data rates (Leshan et al., 2016). Keywords: acm; ber; communications; effects; issn; link; modulation; propagation; satellite; scheme; space
• Development of an improved acm scheme for mitigating earth-to-space propagation effects by Tekanyi, A. M. S. ; Idris, R. M. ; Usman, A. D. ; Abdullahi , Z. M. ; Agbon, E. E. (2021) - Successful design of communication links involves many factors such as the various losses as well as antenna power and gain (Kilcoyne et al., 2016). This worst-case planning approach ensures that communications links are maintained during even the worst expected Earth-to-Space propagation effects (Pratt et al., 2003). Keywords: acm; ber; communications; effects; issn; link; modulation; propagation; satellite; scheme; space
• The Effects of Atmospheric Attenuations on C, Ku and Ka Frequency Bands on Satellite Communication System by Udo, E. U. ; Nwaorgu, O. A. ; Odo, K. O. ; Kanu, N. D. (2023) - Furthermore, Odo et al., (2021) conducted a comparative analysis of rain attenuation models in satellite links and discovered that rain attenuation is a major source of impairment to signal propagation at microwave and millimeter wavebands. Also, rain attenuation causes a distorting effect on signal quality at higher frequencies leading to digital transmission errors. Keywords: attenuation; bands; frequency; issn; percentage; rain; satellite; 𝐸𝑏/𝑁𝑜

• Effect of Number of Beaters on the Performance of Household Hammer Mill by Oluwole, F. A. ; Gujja, A. ; Abubakar, A. K. (2019) - �⺘મ � �㼰眸М 쳌 �㼰䀀㌳Ѝ쳌 �㼰⼐㌳�ННН �㼰�М�㌳М쳌 �㼰훠�훠�ЍНН �㼰�⼐㌳眸ЍМ쳌 眸㼰Л眸⼐ЛЍЛ (4) R²= 0.9751 Effect of number of beaters on the performance of household hammer mill. Keywords: beaters; corn; guinea; hammer; maize; � �

• Optimization of Vitamin A in Red Guinea Corn-Millet Mix by Eyide, O. ; Iweriolor, S. ; Ossai, B. J. ; Akhihiero, E. T. ; Olaseinde, A. A. (2023) - Run No Variables Response Coded levels Actual values Vitamin A (µg/100g) X1 X2 X3 X1 X2 X3 Actual Predicted 1 0 0 0 30 75 3.25 84.34 82.34 2 0 1 1 30 100 5.00 92.32 94.9 3 1 1 0 50 100 3.25 96.21 94.4 4 0 0 0 30 75 3.25 84.34 82.34 5 -1 0 1 10 75 5.00 65.12 66.64 6 -1 -1 0 10 50 3.25 54.53 56.34 7 0 0 0 30 75 3.25 79.34 82.34 8 1 0 -1 50 75 1.50 85.78 85.76 http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:amusatramoni@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, Dec, 2023; Vol. 19(4):759-770. Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: sunday.iweriolor@unidel.edu.ng 759 OPTIMIZATION OF VITAMIN A IN RED GUINEA CORN-MILLET MIX O. Eyide*1, S. Iweriolor2, B. J. Ossai3, E. T. Akhihiero4, and A. A. Olaseinde5 *1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Delta, Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. Keywords: concentration; corn; guinea; guinea corn; issn; millet; red; vitamin; µg/100

• Modelling the Performance Characteristics of Four Stroke Internal Combustion Renault Engine Cycle using Matlab Simulation Tool by Ikpe, A. E. ; Owunna, I. B. (2022) - In addition, Figure 4 indicates that engine pressure reduces as the crank angle increases. Figure 4: Plot of cylinder pressure against crank angle Figure 5 represent the plot of pressure against volume occupied by the charge. Keywords: angle; combustion; crank; cylinder; engine; experimental; internal; issn; piston; pressure; spark; stroke

• Stress Relaxation Behavior of Different Varieties of Potato Tubers Under Compressive Mechanical Loading by Omale, P. A.; Tsanan, J. F.; Salaudeen, O. H.; Olanrewaju, T. O. (2025) - ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s email address: Omale.paul@uam.edu.ng 907 PURPLE POTATOES 10 0.0599 0.0005 0.0585 0.0601 WHITE POTATOES 10 0.0598 0.0006 0.0582 0.0601 COMPRESSIVE LOAD AT MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS (N) ORANGE POTATOES 10 75.1704 49.5288 26.3870 160.3815 PURPLE POTATOES 10 66.8140 46.0210 28.4648 156.9669 WHITE POTATOES 10 53.2736 41.2770 21.7152 155.4623 COMPRESSIVE EXTENSION AT MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS (mm) ORANGE POTATOES 10 1.2017 0.0007 1.2000 1.2023 PURPLE POTATOES 10 1.1988 0.0101 1.1701 1.2024 WHITE POTATOES 10 1.1955 0.0124 1.1630 1.2024 LOAD AT MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS (N) ORANGE POTATOES 10 75.1704 49.5288 26.3870 160.3815 PURPLE POTATOES 10 66.8140 46.0210 28.4648 156.967 WHITE POTATOES 10 53.2736 41.2770 21.7152 155.4623 EXTENSION AT MAXIMUM COMPRESSIVE STRESS (mm) ORANGE POTATOES 10 1.2017 0.0007 1.2000 1.2023 PURPLE POTATOES 10 1.1988 0.0101 1.1701 1.2024 WHITE POTATOES 10 1.1955 0.0124 1.1630 1.2024 3.2 Discussion of Results The compressive properties of different potato varieties (Orange, Purple, and White) were evaluated under total relaxation and maximum compressive stress conditions. The compressive strain at total relaxation for the three varieties of potato tubers ranged from 0.00010 to 0.00011 mm/mm. Keywords: compressive; potatoes; relaxation; stress; total; varieties

• Student Perceptions of ICT-Based Lecture Delivery During COVID-19 Pandemic by Baba, U. A.; Ishaq, M. I.; Mohammed, A.; Halliru, I. (2024) - Also, it was used to measure their level of satisfaction with online teaching and, to determine the perceived barriers to online learning in lieu of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Hence, one of the effects of the pandemic can be the academic performance of Secondary School Students in developing countries, as for most students, using ICT resources for online learning is a strange phenomenon (Hashemi, 2021). Keywords: 2020; agree; covid-19; disagree; education; ict; issn; learning; online; pandemic; students

• Health Risks Associated with Consumption of Vegetables Grown using Domestic Wastewater in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria by Adeoye, P. A. ; Saidu, Z. ; Kuti, A. I. ; Jibril, I. ; Adabembe, B. A. (2019) - Soil to plant metal transfer was carried out as transfer factor using equation 1: (1) Where, is the concentration of heavy metals in plants and is the concentration of heavy metal in the soil (Mahmood and Malik, 2013). Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 give clear pictorial views of the analysis of heavy metal concentration for all vegetables irrigated with wastewater. Keywords: day; issn; leaves; metals; vegetables; wastewater

• Mechanomyographic Amplitude Tracks Muscle Mechanical Responses During Nmes-Evoked Torque Production by Ibitoye, M. O.; Hamzaid, N. A. (2024) - This is suggestive of muscle mechanical response during high stimulation intensity where muscle stiffness could lead to a decline in MMG amplitude (Beck et al., 2005). Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: ibitoye.mo@unilorin.edu.ng 1 MECHANOMYOGRAPHIC AMPLITUDE TRACKS MUSCLE MECHANICAL RESPONSES DURING NMES-EVOKED TORQUE PRODUCTION M. O. Ibitoye1* and N. A. Hamzaid2 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Ilorin, P.M.B 1515, Ilorin 24003, Kwara State, Nigeria 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia *Corresponding author's email address: ibitoye.mo@unilorin.edu.ng ARTICLE INFORMATION Submitted 18 Nov., 2023 Revised 29 January, 2024 Accepted 5 February, 2024 Keywords: Electrical stimulation Muscle force Mechanomyography Accelerometer Motor unit recruitment ABSTRACT This study investigates the pattern of relationship between mechanomyographic (MMG) signal amplitude and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)-evoked muscle contractions in healthy volunteers. Keywords: amplitude; contractions; intensity; knee; mmg; muscle; nmes; stimulation; torque

• Development of a Manually Operated Sleeve Puller Kit for Reciprocating Type Engine by Abba-Aji, M. A. ; Shuwa , M. ; Dagala, V. M. (2023) - ISSN 1596- 2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818, www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: birma4real2004@yahoo.com 255 Figure 4: A Piston removal using sleeve puller Transverse shear stress at threads in screw is given by; 𝜏 = 𝑊 𝜋 × 𝑑 × 𝑡 Keywords: issn; puller; screw; shear; sleeve

• Seasonal Variation in Rates of Dust Fall at Motor Parks of University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria by Nwosu, F. O. ; Olayinka, O. D. ; Akoshile, C. O. (2019) - The rate of soluble dust fall was calculated as given in the equation (2): Css (mg/m2 )/day 4.0 Conclusion This study had observed that the highest total dust fall and soluble dust fall were obtained in the month of September while that of insoluble dust was in the month of January for PK2 and Cl while in November for PK1. Keywords: day; dust; fall; matter; season

• Rollover Stability Models for Three-Wheeled Vehicle Design by Ojolo, S. J. ; Ajayi, O. O. ; Asuelinmen, G. A. (2020) - From equations (14) and (22) it can be seen that the factors that affect rollover stability are: wheel-track (WT), horizontal distance from centre of front wheel to the C. G. of vehicle (L1 ), height of C. G. (h) and wheelbase (WB). If the dynamic stability factor is less than the lateral friction coefficient, such that: a g = WT 2h L1 WB < µ (23) then vehicle will rollover since the lateral friction force will stop the vehicle from sliding, which is not what is desirable in vehicle design. Keywords: equation; issn; rollover; stability; vehicle

• Optimizing Energy Utilization in Unequally Spaced Linear Array for Smart Antenna by Fajemilehin, T. O. ; Opadiji, J. F. ; Olatunji, S. A. (2020) - Thus, antenna arrays are used to achieve low side lobes, narrower beamwidth, gain and higher directivity (Balanis, 2016). In the wireless communication systems, the purpose of using array antennas is to separate the desired signal from unwanted interferences. Keywords: antenna; arrangement; array; elements; issn; level; linear; pattern; spacing

• Optimization of Sandwich Bumper for Three Year Old Child Neck Injury Prevention by Rafukka, I. A. (2024) - Figure 8: Crushing force – time histories of 1mm composite bumper for various foam thicknesses 4.0 Conclusions This work investigates the effect of sandwich bumper thickness on child occupant injuries. A full factorial design was applied using two variables; the foam thickness tf varying for five levels and composite bumper thickness tb varying for six steps making a total of 30 experiments. Keywords: bumper; child; foam; issn; moment; neck; sandwich; thickness

• Assessment of Workers’ Level of Exposure to Work-Related Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Dewatered Cassava Mash Sieving Process by Ahiakwo, A. A. ; Simonyan, K. J. ; Eke, A. B. (2019) - Thirty-six processors from each zone comprising of 14 males and 22 females, were selected., and assessed on the bases of their back, shoulder/arm, wrist/hand and neck posture and frequency of movement during traditional sieving process. The average time on task was obtained by summing up the hours all the processors individually spent carrying out sieving task per day and dividing by the number of Seating height Task height Waist height file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/azojete143/www.azojete.com.ng Ahiakwo, Keywords: assessment; discomfort; exposure; hand; issn; processors; qec; sieve; sieving; task

• Prediction of mass and volume of Tacca involucrata tubers using physical characteristics by Raji , A. O. ; Oyefeso, B. O. (2021) - Physical characteristics of Tacca tubers at average moisture content of 73.3% (wet basis) namely axial dimensions, Arithmetic Mean Diameter (AMD), Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD), projected areas along the three mutually- perpendicular axes, criterion area (Ac), mass and volume were determined. The predicted mass and volume of Tacca tubers were not significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) from the experimentally observed values for all the classifications considered. Keywords: issn; mass; mm2; models; tacca; tubers; volume

• Evaluating the Performance Properties of Asphalt Produced from Bitumen Modified with Thermoplastic Polymer by Akinleye, M. T. ; Salami, L. O.; Joseph, O. P.; Rahmon, R. O.; Tolu-Ilori, I.; Ogungbola, O. I. (2023) - The results of penetration and softening values of plastic polymer modified bitumen are presented in Table 1. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN 2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corresponding author’s e-mail address: salami.lukman@adelekeuniversity.edu.ng 878 Figure 9: Ductility values of the plastic polymer modified asphalt 3.3 Viscosity, Flash and Fire Points The Viscosity (V) values of plastic polymer modified bitumen ranged from 260.7 to 431.0℃ and it increased with an upsurge in the percent polymer addition level as shown in Figure 10. Keywords: addition; asphalt; bitumen; et al; figure; issn; plastic; polymer; salami

• Inductance Calculation of Concentrated and Distributed Winding Synchronous Reluctance Motor Using Modified Winding Function Theory by Epemu , A. M. ; Nyong-Bassey, B. E. ; Nyong-Bassey, B. E. (2023) - The determination of machine inductances is crucial as it defines the behaviour of the SynRM since it influences the reluctance torque of the SynRM, using the expression for the calculation of stator self and mutual inductances presented in equations (17) and (18). Figure 9: Self-inductance of distributed stator windings, for phase A The actual and sinusoidal self-inductance of the distributed winding model is presented in Figure 9. Keywords: function; inductance; issn; phase; rotor; stator; winding

• Performance Studies of Natural Rubber/Organomodified Kaolin Vulcanizates Developed for Tire Sidewall Applications by Mgbemena, C. O. ; Mgbemena, C. E. (2020) - The NR compounds containing RSO and TSO modified kaolin showed lower optimum cure time �t90 at 150°C� as against that containing the same dosage of unmodified kaolin� The results show significant increases in tensile modulus, tensile strength and tear strength for the NR vulcanizates containing the organomodified kaolins, compared to vulcanizates containing unmodified kaolin� �Ro �taa�ara �宱tta宽 �XtO宱宽aD宱QrL 宱Q ���� showed better resistance to crack initiation and flex fatigue failure� The SEM and AFM micrographs of the vulcanizates containing organomodified kaolins also showed an excellent uniform dispersion of the filler particles in the NR matrix� �　૒ �૒�宨�宱� �i宱per૒i ��� �p宱宨�p� �宨ii૒���૒p �૒૒i �e� ��ie�e૒i �p��er �宨�OpreDp宱૒� p宱 �Ꮜ�　� �　�⹉� p �　��宱 ��宱e�宨� O宨�૒ 宱e�૒� 　e޷　 �p䁙e�宨� 宱��ၾ宨૒� i૒宱宱૒� 宱૒p� �宱�૒r޷宱　� ૒䁙O૒��૒r宱 �૒�e�宱prO૒ 宱� O�pO� ere宱ep宱e�r pri ��૒䁙 �p宱e޷宨૒ i૒　p�e�宨�⹉ �　૒�૒ erieOp宱૒ 宱　p宱 宱　૒ �p宱宨�p� �宨ii૒���૒p �૒૒i �e� ��ie�e૒i �p��er �宨�OpreDp宱૒� p�૒ ��૒�૒��૒i �p宱૒�ep�� ��� 宱e�૒ �ei૒⹉p�� p���eOp宱e�r�. i૒�宱 �p宱૒�ep� ��� 宱e�૒ �ei૒⹉p��� ⹉e宱　 宱　૒ �p�宨૒� �i宱per૒i p� �Q⹉�QG��� ��� 宱　૒ 宱૒p� �宱�૒r޷宱　� �⹉䁒Ꮜi�� ��� 宱　૒ �p䁙e�宨� 宱��ၾ宨૒ pri ���� ��� 宱　૒ Optimum cure time, t90 as indicated in Tables 2 and 3. Keywords: cure; kaolin; modified; rso; rubber; vulcanizates; ૒ �; � ૒; � 宱; � �

• Availability and conditions of agricultural machinery in Borno State, Nigeria by Haque, M.A. ; Umar, B. ; Zamdai, B. (2020) - volume_1 ARTICLE 1 Keywords: article

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-25