Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 72 ARID ZONE JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE HOMER PRO-BASED APPROACH FOR DESIGNING AND OPTIMIZING A GRID-TIED HYBRID RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM FOR A RURAL COMMUNITY A. S. Alayande1, A. E. Emmies1*, I. K. OKAKWU2, O. K.Gbenga3, O. S. Okeolu4 1 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Lagos, Akoka, Nigeria 2 Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Olabisi Onanbajo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria 3Electrical maintenance, works and service, Yaba College of technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria 4Department of Electrical and electronic Engineering, Lagos State University of Science and Technology, Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria *Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com ARTICLE INFORMATION ABSTRACT One of the most important elements in our planet is energy, there is a daily rise in the global demand of energy and so renewable sources of energy need to be employed to meet this demand. We understand that renewable sources of energy are not continuous; to resolve these issues, research have proven that combining several renewable sources in a hybrid form would compensate for the discontinuity and decrease emission of harmful chemicals to the environment. Based on the epileptic power supply issues for residents in Sango Ota, an alternative source of power is suggested in this study. Sango Ota is a fast-developing area with population increasing daily, and load demand needs to be met for residential and commercial activities. This paper presents the optimal planning, design, operation, and techno-economic assessment of a sustainable hybrid renewable energy Microgrid system using Sango Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria as a case study. The sources of renewable energy considered in this study are wind turbines, solar photovoltaic (PV), diesel generator and storage system (battery). The study employs HOMER Pro application and algorithm to simulate models of the design. This study helps to proffer a solution or an alternative means of generating power at a lesser cost with several options as backup. The study focuses mainly on the residential whose lifetime is 25 years. The Return on investment (ROI) of this study is positive, which indicates that the project is viable, profitable, efficient and should yield a payback after 4 years. This study has been able to show that a sustainable power supply can be generated using hybrid renewable energy sources from wind, solar, diesel generator and battery. Enough energy was generated to meet the load demand, it was cost effective and the capital would be regained in 4 years. Auto size Gen was preferable for the simulation as it is flexible and adjustable to meet the load demand. Submitted: 2nd August 2024 Revised: 14th September 2024 Accepted: 31st January 2025 Keywords: HOMER Generator Solar PV Wind turbine Battery © 2024 Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria. All rights reserved. 1.0 Introduction In recent years, renewable energy resources have gradually been recognized as one of the best alternatives in supply side planning for micro grids. A good option to conventional power generated from fossil fuel is renewable energy (United States Department of Energy, 2008). Although the energy of the future is renewable energy, but this energy is not consistently available and a lot of challenges will emerge when a single technology is used to supply the load demand from these resources, challenges like high capital cost and intermittence (Sabhan Kanata et al, 2021). In Nigeria, a lot of people in rural areas rely on diesel and kerosene to meet their energy need due to their easy installation. These fuels have some disadvantage like high maintenance and operation cost, distance to transport the fuel, fluctuation of fuel prices, releases of poisonous gas (Khodayar, 2017; Emilia lnes et al., 2021). A hybrid renewable energy system that is made up of more than two components would help to minimize the aperiodic or discontinuous nature of the system, increase how efficient it is, and maintain balance in the system. AZOJETE March2025. Vol.21(1):72-86 Published by the Faculty of Engineering, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria. Print ISSN: 1596-2490, Electronic ISSN: 2545-5818 www.azojete.com.ng mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com http://www.azojete.com.ng/ Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 73 In HRES, an optimized plan is needed for individual component in order to reduce cost, maximize its efficiency and increase its profitability. The continuity of power supply in renewable energy system is a challenge that must be overcome. From the technical perspective, optimal sizing and configuration was considered, from economic aspect, the Net present cost, Internal rate of return (IRR), Return on investment (ROI) and levelized cost were considered while the CO2 generated to the atmosphere was considered from the environmental perspective. There is an immense growth in renewable energy sources resulting from technological advancement in reduction in cost and production in large quantities in recent years (Green, 2017). HRES can work in both standalone and grid-connected mode (Murugaperumal et al., 2020). Some software tools like HOMER and MATLAB are introduced and juxtaposed to analyses economical, electrical and environmental performance of hybrid renewable energy system (Junga Jaesung, 2017). In order to promote the investment in sustainable electricity and renewable energy, the Nigerian Energy Support Programme (NESP, 2014) are jointly assisted by European Union and Federal Ministry of economic cooperation and development. A hybrid renewable energy system, in which more than one renewable energy sources are used together, reduces the discontinuity on intermittent nature of renewable energy resources, it provides better overall balances to the energy supply and improves the efficiency of the system. Conventional power generation may sometimes lead to renewable energy combinations that are properly designed, planned, or oversized (Mohammed et al., 2014). A major source of energy is fossil fuel but it releases a lot of harmful vapors into the surroundings (Md Mizanur, 2021). HOMER software was used by Agelin-Chaab et al (2014) to optimize of a hybrid Diesel, solar and wind system to power hypothetical rural area in Ghana. A standalone wind/photovoltaic/battery (WT/PV/B) was proposed by Krishan (2019) for a rural area in India using HOMER software, the cost of energy and net present cost was estimated as $0.228$/kwh and $1228,353. Micro grids are power systems that are small, autonomous and can operates when the mini grid or main grid experience downtime. The most popular type of mini grid technologies seen is hybrid, wind, solar and hydro (Crijns-Graus et al., 2014). Maleki and Askarzadeh, 2014) carried out a study that used the techniques of optimization for optimal sizing. An analysis was carried out on wind/PV diesel hybrid system for electrification with battery as storage, this was in Iran. A discrete harmony search-based technique was used for optimizing and sizing the system. The outcomes obtained were compared with the ones of a discrete annealing algorithm that was simulated. An improved ant colony algorithm was proposed by Dong, Li, and Xiang, (2016) for a standalone hybrid wind/battery/PV/ hydrogen system optimal design to provide for the primary load demand of Zhejiang in China. Reducing the cost incurred annually and increasing the systems reliability was the two main objectives. A hybrid wind/PV system plus a pumped hydro storage (PHS) to meet the residential power needs of a hypothetical small and undeveloped village in Hong Kong was studied by Ma et al. (2014). Donnado et al. (2019) examined a contemporary software for the sizing of HREs optimally. The outcome from comparing 23 case studies using the HOMER software and the developed tool revealed that HYREs was acceptable statistically. One of the objectives of this research is to close the gaps in literature described above by modelling a methodology for optimal planning, design, sizing and techno-economic analysis of a hybrid Wind/PV/Battery/Diesel system to handle the load demand of Sango Ota, Nigeria. The aim of this research is to ensure that the electrical load demand of Sango Ota is met by generating a steady power supply by hybridizing various renewable energy sources at an affordable cost. To meet this goal, wind, sun, battery and generator were taken as the main components of the renewable system. Load consumption of the Sango-Ota is to be studied, while the various components of the renewable energy system are hybridized and the impact of optimal plan configuration and cost component on the net presence cost were analyzed. The feasibility study of generating sustainable power from wind, sun, battery and diesel has been presented. And this study is to show that a sustainable power supply could be generated using hybrid renewable energy sources from wind, solar, diesel generator and battery in Sango area. 2. Materials and Method A simulation software that helps in the planning and design of a sustainable renewable energy based micro grid is HOMER (Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables). HOMER is used to model the physical characteristics of an energy supply system and its lifecycle cost, which is the addition of capital, operation cost and techno-economic feasibility (HOMER Energy LLC, 2016). The cost analysis, constraints, capital cost, technical http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 74 performance of the system, environmental assessment and result will be put into consideration as indicated in Figure 1. Figure 1: Methodology of proposed hybrid renewable energy system The peak load is 10.19KW and the component for the design is as shown in the Figure 2. It also shows the system configuration and operation of the study. G10 is the Wind turbine, Gen is the generator, PV is the photovoltaic, BAE is the battery and CONV is the converter. . Figure 2: Schematic representation for System Configuration and Operation strategy for the study 2.1 The Systems Input Parameter The daily electricity was estimated at 93.19Kwh/day annual average and 10.19Kw peak with July as the peak month. According to the wind speed profile, the annual average wind for this area is 3.81m/s. The annual average sun irradiation for the considered micro-grid is 4.76Kw/m2/day. With peak as 5.318 Kw/m2/day in November. 2.2 Modeling of The System Components 2.2.1 Photovoltaic System Modeling Several PV cells are combined together to give a module of photovoltaic ( )vP . PV here is 5KW, generic flat plate. The power output of each PV module per hour is given by (Dong W. L., 2016) 0( ) ( )t pv tP I A=   1 µpv = efficiency, A = surface area of the PV module, and I(t) = solar insolation (KWm2) per hour. The total power generated can be obtained as: EVALUATION OF CLIMATIC CONDITION ANALYSIS USING SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION HYBRID SYSTEM MODEL DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC LOAD DEMAND OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF RESULTING SYSTEM http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 75 ( ) 0pv t pvP P N=  2 To estimate the size of the photovoltaic panels that will be tapped, the solar radiation in Sango Ota can be expressed as (K. R. Kamil et al., 2012) ac dc inverter E E  = 3 Edc= Dc battery energy, Eac is AC energy and 𝛔inverter is the efficiency of the inverter (Chul-Young Park, 2020), explains that 90 to 95% is the range for the efficiency of inverter, 0.9 is assumed, the efficient system solar radiation is 0.18, the area of the photovoltaic module is 0.6m2, nominal voltage ( )nV is taken to be 240V as used in Nigeria, module voltage ( )mV is 18V, array current is 4A. Edc = 93.19/0.9 = 103.54Kwh dc panel inverter E A R =  4 R is the solar radiation at kw/day, Apanel is the area of the panel, panelA = 103.54/(4.76X0.18) = 120.85m2 Number of cells (Nc) = 𝐴𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙 𝐴𝑝𝑣 5 Apv is the area of PV module Nc = 120.85 𝑜.6 = 201.42, Number of series modules ( )mS = Vn/Vm = 240/18 = 13.33, Number of parallel module ( )mP = Nc/Sm 6 ( )mP = 201/13 = 15.5= 16 modules Total power required from panel (Ppv) = Total power demanded X power lost in the system 7 ( )pvP = 93.19K X 0.2 =18.64KW PV system size = Total power required from panel/ Panel generation factor (PGF) 8 PV system size = 18.64/4.76 = 3.92KW = 4K 2.2.2 Wind Turbine Modelling The power generated by the generator varies directly with the cube of the wind speed as the wind speed rises above the cut-in velocity. Given a constant acceleration, the K.E (kinetic energy) of a body with a speed of V and mass m is the work-done (w) by the body in moving through a distance (S) when a force F is applied to it. Therefore .W K E F S m S a= =  =   9 2 2 2V U aS= + 10 http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 76 ( )21 2 dE dm P v dt dt = = 11 The rate of change of mass flow rate is dm A V dt =   12 ( )2 31 1 2 2 dm P v A V dt = =    13 Bertz’ law (1919), proposed that in a perfect situation, no wind turbine can convert more than 59.3% of the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy that rotates the rotor. (United State Department of Energy, 2015) The available power ( )availableP is 3 max 1 2 available pP V C=    14 According to the report from royal academy of engineering on wind power calculation, the standard radius pf a wind turbine for tapping average wind speed is about 50m. The standard density of air is 1.29kg/m3, from the simulation, the average wind speed of the area under consideration is 3.81m/s. To find the area swept by the turbine from length of the blades by using the equation of the area pf circle is shown as; A = 𝜋𝑟2, hence A = 3.142 x 50 X 50 = 7855m2, ( )availableP = 1 1.29 7855 3.81 0.59 2     = 11.4Kw Hence 11KW or 12Kw wind turbine is considered. 2.2.3 Battery Modeling In hybrid system, the most used storage system is battery, bc is the charging efficiency of the battery, inv is the inverter efficiency, the number of batteries is Nb, the nominal capacity of a battery measured in Kwh is Cb, and the self-discharge rate per rate per hour is α (K. R. Kamil et al., 2012) Total Ah per day ( ) ( ) ( ) dc L n E Ah S V =  15 Total Ah per day ( ) ( ) ( ) 103.5 1000 0.2 240 Ah  =  = 86.28Ah Storage days = 9.43 – (1.9 X peak hours of sun) + (0.11 X peak hours of sun) 16 = 9.43 – (1.9 X 2) + (0.11 X 2) = 5.41 = 5 days Battery capacity = ( ) ( ) h d A D 17 = (86.28 X 5)/0.4 = 1078.54Ah Number of cells in series = Vn Vb = 240/12 = 20 18 http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 77 20 batteries would be suggested for the design in this study. Optimization Model Analysis 2.3.1 Decision variables The following are the quantities which can be controlled in this study, the number of batteries ( batN ), number of wind turbines ( )wtN , number of PV modules ( )pvN and capacity rating of the diesel generator ( )rdP (Nasser Yimen et al., 2020) 2.3.2 Objective functions The objective function of this research is to find the minimized total cost of implementing and generating energy through this proposed hybrid renewable energy system. Hence the focal point is the amount of total annualized cost .ann totC (Nasser Yimen et al., 2020). ( ), , , , , , , ,, , , , COVann tot K ann cap K operating K rpl K F K a KK bat wt pv dg INV C C C C C S      = + + + − 19 . ,ann cap kC ,operating kC , ,rpl kC , ,F kC ,a kS the annual capital cost, operating and maintenance cost, replacement cost, fuel cost and salvage value respectively of the component k. The annual present worth is the product of the capital recovery factor CRF and present worth. The ( , )i NCRF = (1 ) (1 ) 1 N N i i i + + − 20 where i is the interest rate and N is the life span of the system which is 20 years. , ,{ , , , , } ( ) COV INV ann tot Kk bat wt pv dg C  = ( , ). . . . . )wt wt pv pv bat bat dg rd INV INV i N CON CON C P C N C N C P C N CRF+ + + +  21 wtC , pvC , batC , INV CON C represents the cost of installing one unit of wind turbines, PV, battery and converters respectively and dgC is the cost of installing a Kw of diesel generator. The operation and maintenance cost for wind turbine, PV and diesel generator is: ,{ , , , , } ( )COV INV operating Kk bat wt pv dg C  = 8760 ( )1 ( & . & . & . )wt wt pv pv dg dg tt O M N O M N O M P = + +  22 & wtcO M & wtcO M , & wtcO M are the operation and maintenance cost of a unit wind turbine, PV and diesel generator respectively. To find the replacement cost for the batteries, diesel generator and converters. http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 78 ,( )rpl Kk C = ( ) ( , ) .5 10 15 10 1 1 1 1 . . . . (1 ) (1 ) (1 )1 i N bat bat INV INV r dg CON CON CRF R N R N P C i i ii        + + + +     + + ++     23 The salvage value can be found by: . rem K K com L S C L = 24 2.3.3 Constraints These are the conditions which the decision variables need to adhere to 1. The systems variable constraints is KN =integer, k 𝜖 {bat, wt, pv} 2. The bound constraints is 0 ≤ KN ≤ maxKN − , k 𝜖 {bat, wt, pv} & 0 ≤ RP ≤ maxRP − Where maxKN − is the maximum available number of k component 3. The renewable fraction constraints 8760 ( ) *1 8760 ( )1 1 100 dg tt l tt P REF REF P = =    = −         Where REF* represent the minimum allowable renewable energy fraction of power supply in a period t. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Cost summary As seen in table 1, the net present cost N134,795,000.00, levelized cost N180.17 and operating cost N4484,822.00 are all based on the model and parameters inputted into the system, one of which the fuel price is N800/liter. Generator = 12.0kw, PV = 25.0Kw, Converter = 10.0kw Table 1: Cost presentation Total NPC N134,795,000.00 Levelized COE N180.17 Operating cost N4,484,822.00 As presented in Figure 3, the generic lead acid battery has a higher net present cost as a result of the quantities needed to be purchased and cost of maintaining them. Twenty batteries were proposed for this project http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 79 Figure 3: Cost summary. As seen in the Table 2, the operation and maintenance cost of generic lead acid battery is the highest with a high cost of fueling the generator throughout the year. The generic flat plate PV has a zero-replacement cost, it has a high life span, although its maintenance and operating cost is appreciably high. The storage, Wind, generic flat plate and converter has zero fuel cost because they don’t require fuel to be powered. Table 2: Cost summary Component Capital (N) Replacement (N) O&M (N) Fuel (N) Salvage (N) Total (N) Autosize Genset 10,800.00 8,009.01 6,588.15 22,953,208.08 (4,579.81) 22,974,025.43 Generic 10Kw 14,000,000.00 11,450,697.13 52,789.65 0.00 (8,167.124.27) 17,336,362.50 Generic 10Kw Lead acid 19,500,000.00 66,950,125.53 17,156,634.63 0.00 (14,436,646.44) 89,170,113.72 Generic Flat Plate PV 2,562,500.00 0.00 2,474,514.61 0.00 0.00 5,037,014.61 Generic large, free converter 75,000.00 53,753.65 164,976.64 0.00 (16,204.61) 277,516.68 System 36,148,300.00 78,462,585.31 19,855,494.67 22,953,208.08 (22,624,555.14) 134,795,032.93 3.2 The ROI (Return on investment): indicates the measure of profitability and performance or efficiency of the systems design, it measures the profit generated from the project. The ROI of this project is positive and it indicates that the project is viable, the value is 13.4%. Following the result in Table 3, the Return on Investment (ROI) is +13.4.0% which is positive. It means the project is viable, feasible and there will be return on investment. Hence there is room for profitability, the project has a good internal rate of return and the simple payback year is 4, Fuel price = 800$/L http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 80 Table 3: Compare Economics Metric and value Metric Value Present worth (N) N94,741,740.00 Annual worth (N/Yr.) N4,307,288.00 Return on investment (%) 13.4 Internal rate of return (%) 19.8 Simple playback (Yr.) 4.01 Discounted payback (Yr) 4.11 As seen in Table 3, the simple back year is 4.01, by implication, it means in for 4 years time the expenses incurred in implementing the project will be regained. 3.1.2 Electricals As shown in Figure 4, there is almost a zero amount of energy generated from diesel in the month of February. From the solar radiation graph, it is understood that February had a higher solar radiation, this accounts for the low level of energy obtained from the generator as most of the supplies is from the PV and wind as seen in figure 4. The reverse is the case for some months like June, July and August. Figure 4: Monthly average electric production It can be seen from Table 4 that larger percentage of energy is released from the generic flat plate due to the high level of solar irradiation; no DC load was consumed; the system was designed to generate AC load for consumers all through the year and this is why we have a zero DC output. http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 81 Table 4: Electrical Components Production Kwh/yr % Generic flat plate PV 35,059 62.3 Autosize Gen set 3,255 5.79 Generic wind turbine 17, 941 31.9 Total 56,254 100 From Table 5 we can see that the load consumption is totally AC, because the system is designed to supply alternating load. Table 5: Load Consumption capacity. Consumption Kwh/yr % AC Primary Load 34, 013 100 DC primary Load 0 0 Total 34, 013 0 It was depicted in Table 6 that excess electricity of 28.2% is generated over the year and no unmet energy. Which indicates that the energy requirement of the town would be met Table 6: Useful Electricity Breakdown Quantity Kwh/yr % Excess Electricity 15,846 28.2 Unmet Electric Load 0 0 Capacity Storage 0 0 3.1.3 Auto size gen As shown in figure 5, there is almost a zero amount of energy generated from diesel in the month of February. It is the other way round for some months like June, July, August and September. These months have high rainfall and the weather tends to be cloudy. The implication is that a more energy will be required from the diesel generator and it will be made to do a lot of work in these months, also there will be high cost of diesel and maintenance for the generator. http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 82 Figure 5: Auto size Gen simulation result. As depicted in the table 7, the year Electrical production for the generator is 3,255Kw/Yr. 3.91Kw being mean power and 3.00Kw minimum power. Table 7: Generator production capacity Quantity Value Unit Electrical Production 3,255 Kw/yr Mean Electrical output 3.91 Kw Minimum Electrical Output 3.00 Kw Maximum Electrical Output 9.66 Kw 3.1.4 Generic large free converter The PV needs the inverter to convert the power to its alternating form. Hence the inverters work is dependent on the PV shown in the figure 6. The maximum output power of the inverter is 10KW. The converter was originally modelled for 12Kw. http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 83 Figure 6: Generic large free converter output result. It can be deduced from Table 8 that the inverter has a higher hour of operation as the system is based on alternating output. Table 8: Performance features of converter Quantity Inverter Rectifier Units Hours of operation 6,959 1,011 hrs/yr Energy out 21,985 2,146 Kwh/yr Energy in 24,428 2,385 Kwh/yr Losses 2,443 238 Kwh/yr 3.2 Comparing the combination of various components Output It can be seen that the 56,254Kwh/Yr. produced by the hybridization of the renewable energy sources is higher than the estimated power or load demand of 34,107.54Kwh/Yr. consumed by the residents of Sango Ota annually. 3.2.1 Hybrid of wind and Solar sources From the simulation result above, the summation of the electrical power generated from solar which is 35,059Kwh/yr and that of the wind is 17,941Kwh/yr is 5300Kwh/yr which is far above the annual load demand. Since 35059Kwh/yr can be obtained from solar, it means it can stand alone. Although for better efficiency and continuity it would be advised to be hybridized. 3.3.2 Hybrid of Diesel Generator and Wind turbine. From the result the Diesel generator produces 3255Kwh/yr while the wind turbine generates 17941Kwh/yr, to optimize the system, two (2) wind turbines would be needed to hybridize the diesel generator. The expected energy from the five 10Kw wind turbine = 2 X 17,941=35,882Kwh/yr. Since the diesel generator could generate 3255Kwh/yr, then total energy obtained in the hybrid of diesel generator and five wind turbines = 3255 +35,882 = 39137Kwh/yr A total of 39,137Kwh/yr is optimal enough to balance the 34,107Kwh/yr load demand. http://www.azojete.com.ng/ mailto:emmiesakinwale@gmail.com Arid Zone Journal of Engineering, Technology and Environment, March 2025; Vol.21(1):72-86. ISSN 1596-2490; e-ISSN2545-5818; www.azojete.com.ng Corrsponding author’s email address: emmiesakinwale@gmail.com 84 4. Conclusion In this research paper, optimal design and planning of a sustainable hybrid renewable energy system in micro grids for Sango Ota, Ogun was carried out with wind, solar, battery and diesel generator as the components and inputs on their economic, physical and operational features were put into considerations. The major aim of this study is to optimize the generation of sustainable power to supply and balance the electrical load demand and this aim has been achieved as the power generated 56,254Kwh/yr exceeds the load demand for Sango which is 34,107.54Kwh/yr. From this study, it is crystal clear that Sango is potentially filled with high renewable energy resources which if efficiently tapped would reduce epileptic power supply in the Sango. Exploration of renewable energy is a good alternative to promotes continuous power supply to populated cities and rural areas in Nigeria. The design would compensate for the increasing population for a long time, also Homer pro has made the analysis very easy. For continuity and reliability of power supply, the renewable resources should be hybrid. Similarly, from the analysis the capital for the initial investment will be recovered in four years as shown from the payback time. From the value of the ROI and IRR, the system is environmentally friendly has it can be less dependent on diesel since an excess energy is already produced hence reducing emission into the environment. The Return on investment (ROI) of this study is positive, which indicates that the project is viable, profitable, efficient and should yield a payback after 4 years. This study has been able to show that a sustainable power supply can be generated using hybrid renewable energy sources from wind, solar, diesel generator and battery. 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