item: #1 of 374 id: armfolangl-10188 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: THE RULE OF POWER IN WILLIAM GOLDING’S "LORD OF THE FLIES" date: 2023-05-29 words: 3984 flesch: 64 summary: The boys wanted to gain power and be the chief on other boys like them but they couldn’t stand against nature and its power, that’s why when the “Messiah”, the British naval officer came, they all left everything behind and went with him instead of remaining on the island and being the chief. In the context of the novel, the tale of the boys’ descent into chaos suggests that human nature is fundamentally savage. keywords: boys; children; evil; flies; golding; human; lord; nature; novel; power; ralph; war cache: armfolangl-10188.pdf plain text: armfolangl-10188.txt item: #2 of 374 id: armfolangl-10549 author: none title: FRONT MATTER date: 2023-05-29 words: 1763 flesch: 22 summary: E-mail: sedagasparyan@ysu.am; sedagasparyan@yandex.ru URL: https://www.ysu.am/user/383 ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 Phone: (+374 99) 255 060 Editorial Team Lili H. Karapetyan Managing Editor Associate Professor at English Philology Department, Yerevan State University, Armenia. Մոնտենեգրոյի համալսարանի (Մոնտենեգրո) ԵՐԵՎԱՆ – 2023       9 Yerevan State University Armenian Association for the Study of English (Member Association of the European Society for the Study of English) ARMENIAN FOLIA ANGLISTIKA Peer-Reviewed Scientific Journal in cooperation with: Yerevan Brusov State University (Armenia) Lomonosov Moscow State University (Russia) Jagiellonian University, Cracow (Poland) Bergamo University (Italy) University of Montenegro (Montenegro) YEREVAN – 2023     keywords: department; english; mail; orcid; philology; professor; state; university; url cache: armfolangl-10549.pdf plain text: armfolangl-10549.txt item: #3 of 374 id: armfolangl-10550 author: none title: CONTENTS date: 2023-05-29 words: 261 flesch: 40 summary: 69 Narine Harutyunyan  Decoding Multimodal Texts of Media Discourse ........................................ 83  Methodology Astghik Chubaryan, Mariam Vardanyan  Lexical Errors in Second Language Academic Writing .............................. 15.04.23 (1) Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 19, Issue 1 (27), 2023 Linguistics 10 CONTENTS Linguistics Anahit Hovhannisyan  English Idioms from the Perspective of Modal Meaning ........................... 13 Ning Huichun, Gevorg Grigoryan  Verbal Deviations in Contemporary English Social Media Platforms ........ keywords: studies; vol cache: armfolangl-10550.pdf plain text: armfolangl-10550.txt item: #4 of 374 id: armfolangl-4238 author: Gasparyan, Seda title: A Methodological Mechanism for Applying the Hermeneutical Approach date: 2019-04-15 words: 7211 flesch: 50 summary: Understanding as a Step by Step Process Following the results of our research we have arrived at the idea that owing to the importance of these general and basic concepts of the hermeneutic approach to text interpretation and considering the efficiency of the application of various methods of text analysis elaborated and effectively carried out during the last decades, it is necessary to have a certain methodological mechanism in order to achieve a possible comprehensive interpretation of a piece of literary text. The hermeneutical approach to text interpretation was gradually taking on more significance in this very period, especially in the 18th century when German philosophy started to examine language-related issues (Schleiermacher 1998; Dilthey 1977, 1987; Humboldt 1984, etc.). keywords: analysis; art; author; interpretation; language; linguistics; literature; perception; piece; text; understanding; work cache: armfolangl-4238.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4238.txt item: #5 of 374 id: armfolangl-4239 author: Askarian, Mariam; Vanesyan, Hovhannes title: Sports Metaphors in American Political Discourse date: 2019-04-15 words: 4080 flesch: 63 summary: Introduction Since sports metaphors are so popular in American English, we can see that in the American conceptual system, sports, business and politics are always combined. Due to the high frequency of usage of sports metaphors, American politics and politics in general, can be clearly depicted as a contest between two opponents. keywords: american; campaign; game; metaphors; politicians; politics; speech; speeches; sports; trump cache: armfolangl-4239.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4239.txt item: #6 of 374 id: armfolangl-4254 author: Harutyunyan, Kristine; Sargsyan, Anna title: The Sociolinguistic Perspective of Hedging in English date: 2019-04-15 words: 2750 flesch: 54 summary: The basic components in sociolinguistic explanations of why we speak differently in different social contexts are the social factors. This is one of the basic components in sociolinguistic explanations of why we speak differently in different social contexts (Hickey 2007). keywords: hedges; hedging; language; speech; talks; women cache: armfolangl-4254.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4254.txt item: #7 of 374 id: armfolangl-4256 author: Sidorenko, Tatyana; Apresyan, Margaret title: CLIL as a New Innovative Pedagogy: the Case of Russia and Armenia date: 2019-04-15 words: 7813 flesch: 49 summary: Another fear that can be pointed out in this context is that CLIL teachers, among subject experts, will not have the required level in language proficiency and due to this reason will simplify the content of teaching, making this subject knowledge reduced. CLIL Practice at Yerevan State University Armenia definitely shares the opinion that CLIL approach can significantly improve the level of internationalization in the country, particularly in the field of higher education. keywords: anglistika; approach; armenian; clil; content; education; folia; knowledge; language; learning; methodology; new; subject; teachers; teaching; university cache: armfolangl-4256.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4256.txt item: #8 of 374 id: armfolangl-4257 author: Khachaturyan, Veronik; Ghalachyan, Armenuhi title: Meeting the Goals and Challenges of Adult EFL Learners date: 2019-04-15 words: 4816 flesch: 54 summary: As can be seen, despite the need to acquire a variety of language skills to meet their goals, the main skill that adult learners strive to achieve is speaking. The paper addresses the goals and challenges of language instruction to adult learners over 30 in Armenia, with emphasis on oral speech. keywords: activity; adults; armenian; class; english; language; learners; speaking; students; vocabulary cache: armfolangl-4257.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4257.txt item: #9 of 374 id: armfolangl-4258 author: Tadevosyan, Syuzanna title: Inclusive Education in Armenia date: 2019-04-15 words: 3085 flesch: 55 summary: 3. Increase availability of Inclusive Education materials: The IE materials provided at trainings must be updated. Key Ingredients of Successful and Sustainable Inclusive Education Having identified the common understanding of the phenomenon of Inclusive Education and the people involved in it, several people who were trained in some organizations and were interested in Inclusive Education suggested carrying on some improvements based on their learning experience and attitudes. keywords: armenia; children; education; parents; schools; sen cache: armfolangl-4258.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4258.txt item: #10 of 374 id: armfolangl-4259 author: Zimina, Evgeniia; Sargsyan, Mariana title: Politics, Poetry, People: an Overview of Contemporary Poetry Trends in the British Literary Landscape date: 2019-04-15 words: 5274 flesch: 61 summary: It was in the 1980s when Edwin Morgan published a collection of poems, Sonnets from Scotland, as a response to the botched Devolution Referendum of 1979, when Scotland voted for its own Parliament only to be told by Westminster that their majority was not enough. Like Scotland, slightly synthetic and in a state of indecision. keywords: anglistika; brexit; culture; duffy; folia; independence; nation; people; poem; poetry; referendum; scotland; scottish cache: armfolangl-4259.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4259.txt item: #11 of 374 id: armfolangl-4260 author: Harutyunyan, Narine title: On Some Forms of “Out-Group” Intolerance and “Unlimited” Tolerance in Linguoculture date: 2019-04-15 words: 3138 flesch: 48 summary: However, an unlimited or so-called “aggressive” form of ethnic, racial, religious, gender and other tolerance may also have a negative meaning. The theoretical prerequisite for the selection of research problems was the globalization process or the westernization of the world that began in the twentieth century and gave rise to a huge number of cultural migrants. keywords: anglistika; armenian; available; culture; folia; group; language; people; person; tolerance; world cache: armfolangl-4260.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4260.txt item: #12 of 374 id: armfolangl-4261 author: Yaghubyan, Marine title: The Use of Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies to Express Request in English and Armenian Cultures date: 2019-04-15 words: 2596 flesch: 60 summary: On the contrary, in English culture requests are made within negative politeness strategies. So, in English culture requests are made within negative politeness strategies. keywords: armenian; culture; dickens; english; galsworthy; politeness; requests cache: armfolangl-4261.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4261.txt item: #13 of 374 id: armfolangl-4263 author: Baghdasaryan, Mara title: Fate across Cultures: a Linguocognitive Approach date: 2019-04-15 words: 4704 flesch: 57 summary: The latter has an important part within the conceptual field of fate in the Armenian culture and specifically with reference to ladies as further will be demonstrated on examples: բախտին նստել /մեկի/ – to be /act as/ an obstacle to one’s marriage, բախտ խնդրել – to ask for love, welfare, բախտեբախտ ընկնել (dialectal – about a widow or a widower) – to get married several times (literally – to fall from fate to fate), բախտը բացվել – (2nd meaning) a lady has married (literally – fate opens up) ≠ բախտի դռները/ դուռը փակվել – (2nd meaning) not to manage to marry for a long time (mainly about ladies) (literally – the doors of fate close), բախտի դուռը բանալ – to marry a lady off (literally – to open the door of fate) ≠ բախտը քոռացնել (colloquial) – to make unfortunate, wreck the future (generally about a lady who is not getting married) (literally – to blind the fate), բախտը կապ է – no one proposes to a lady (literally – the fate is tied up), բախտը կապել (colloquial, superstitious) – (2nd meaning) to act as an obstacle to a lady’s marriage (literally – to tie up the fate), Armenian Folia Anglistika Culture 160 բախտը ուրիշ տեղ փնտրել/ փնտրիր (colloquial) – to propose to a lady from another place; also in the form of an order used as a reply to the matchmaker (literally – to look (look!) Key words: concept fate, linguoculture, linguocultural thinking, cognitive frame, conceptualization, lexical and semantic realization, phraseological unit. keywords: armenian; chance; concept; culture; destiny; english; fate; fortuna; luck; phrase; success; units; բախտը cache: armfolangl-4263.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4263.txt item: #14 of 374 id: armfolangl-4264 author: Locatelli, Angela title: Spatial Mobility as Social Mobility in the Early Seventeenth Century: Henry Peacham Jr.’s Picaresque Novel “A Merry Discourse of Meum and Tuum” date: 2019-04-15 words: 5201 flesch: 50 summary: Henry Peacham Jr. was born in 1578, the son of Anne Fairclough and of the minister Henry Peacham the Elder, who is remembered in English letters first and foremost for his contribution to Early- modern rhetoric. In fact, the sagacious protagonists of the picaresque novel travel exclusively, as Peacham Jr. acutely suggests, for “profit and pleasure”. keywords: anglistika; century; england; folia; literature; london; merry; meum; novel; peacham; picaresque; social; travel; tuum cache: armfolangl-4264.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4264.txt item: #15 of 374 id: armfolangl-4265 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: Morality vs Immorality in the Miserable Life of Daniel Defoe’s Moll Flanders date: 2019-04-15 words: 3054 flesch: 64 summary: Maket 2019-1new.doc Armenian Folia Anglistika Literature 182 Morality vs Immorality in the Miserable Life of Daniel Defoe's Moll Flanders Vicky Tchaparian Lebanese University Abstract Defoe’s novel, Moll Flanders, the story of a thief, a criminal, a whore, a mistress, a lady, a lover, a beggar, and a plantation owner who lives the life of a repentant at 70, reveals Moll’s both high and low morals. Doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong”) can be applied to Moll Flanders’ life in the way that, every time she had a husband, Moll didn’t cheat on him. keywords: defoe; flanders; life; moll; money; vice cache: armfolangl-4265.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4265.txt item: #16 of 374 id: armfolangl-4267 author: Decheva, Svetlana title: The Phonetic Particulars of Modern English Advertising date: 2019-10-15 words: 3396 flesch: 54 summary: The Spanish suffix “-ista”, which today gets increasingly productive in American English is brought out to the utmost, so that the two syllables, which it comprises “-ist-” and “-ta” and which are totally unstressed on the emic level become accented and are pronounced with clarity and intensification. Rhythm is stress-timed and clearly beaten ousting a much more involved rhythm pattern of American English, which sometimes starts to approximate syllable-timing. keywords: advertising; american; armenian; english; folia; linguistics; maxx; syllable cache: armfolangl-4267.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4267.txt item: #17 of 374 id: armfolangl-4269 author: Abrahamyan, Karine title: Comparative Analysis of the Category of Diminutiveness in the Russian, English and Armenian Languages date: 2019-10-15 words: 1499 flesch: 34 summary: Such investigations become more topical when comparative typological analysis of different languages is carried out, aimed at revealing the derivational peculiarities of the linguistic categorization of the languages under study. It is common knowledge that even when the reality seems to be just the same at first glance, different language systems categorize it in different ways. keywords: armenian; category; diminutiveness; language; world cache: armfolangl-4269.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4269.txt item: #18 of 374 id: armfolangl-4270 author: Velyan, Karen title: Syntactic Maxi-Accidents in Spontaneous Speech of Middle-Class Speakers of English date: 2019-10-15 words: 3144 flesch: 60 summary: Caused by a variety of pragmatic factors, syntactic accidents differ in their formal, lexical, and distributional features. With these features in view, we single out three main varieties of syntactic accidents: 1. maxi-accidents, 2. mini-accidents and 3. micro-accidents, which collectively constitute one whole paradigm. keywords: accidents; analysis; example; interview; maxi; speakers; syntactic cache: armfolangl-4270.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4270.txt item: #19 of 374 id: armfolangl-4272 author: Khamesian, Minoo title: On the Role of Phraseological Units in Teaching English as a Foreign Language to Adult Learners date: 2019-10-15 words: 2373 flesch: 56 summary: In this regard, the phraseologies of a given language (in our case the English language) can thus be taken as a means to differentiate native language from learner language. Different schools of thought, for instance, Prague school of linguistics, or Firthian- Hallidayan functional-systemic British Contextualism, view language as a social phenomenon primarily, as it is intertwined with culture both naturally and inextricably. keywords: armenian; english; language; learners; methodology; native; words cache: armfolangl-4272.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4272.txt item: #20 of 374 id: armfolangl-4273 author: Mikoyan, Aschen title: Understanding in Literary Translation date: 2019-10-15 words: 7856 flesch: 64 summary: Key words: literary translation, comprehension, connotation, equivalence, understanding. Yet, the difficulty here lies in a somewhat paradoxical and at the same time indisputably logical fact that literary translation is normally done into one’s native language and not from it, i.e., out of L2 and into L1. keywords: anglistika; english; examples; folia; horn; meaning; rendering; russian; sentence; studies; text; translation; understanding; venables; words cache: armfolangl-4273.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4273.txt item: #21 of 374 id: armfolangl-4275 author: Imposti, Gabriella Elina title: Under Children’s Eyes: Armenia in Nina Gabrielian’s Work date: 2019-10-15 words: 3164 flesch: 71 summary: (2014) Tvorcheskie ipostasi Niny Gabrielian. Under Children’s Eyes: Armenia in Nina Gabrielian’s Work Gabriella Elina Imposti University of Bologna, Italy Abstract Nina Gabrielian is a Russian writer of Armenian origin who lives and works in Moscow. keywords: anglistika; armenian; folia; gabrielian; genocide; literature; memory; nina; studies; women cache: armfolangl-4275.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4275.txt item: #22 of 374 id: armfolangl-4276 author: Redgate, Anne Elizabeth title: Epigraphy in Tenth- and Eleventh-Century Armenia: Inscriptions as Bridges and Boundaries date: 2019-10-15 words: 6623 flesch: 70 summary: There are Armenian inscriptions on Holy Cross, but only one of them is unanimously regarded by scholars as original. Urartian inscriptions are famous as sources for Urartian history. keywords: anglistika; ani; armenian; artsruni; ałt´amar; century; church; der; folia; gagik; inscriptions; jones; king; medieval; studies; van cache: armfolangl-4276.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4276.txt item: #23 of 374 id: armfolangl-4280 author: Gasparyan, Seda title: Concerning the Program of Understanding a Literary Text date: 2018-10-15 words: 4084 flesch: 53 summary: The present article focuses on the study of the correlation of text and discourse, views literary text as a unit of specific communication between the writer and the reader, as well as centers the attention on the consecutive stages of literary text perception and understanding. Key words: author, reader, communicative intention of speech making, literary communication process, the influence of external factors, a combination of linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge, multiplicity of text perception, the program of understanding text. keywords: author; discourse; perception; process; reader; speech; text; understanding; work cache: armfolangl-4280.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4280.txt item: #24 of 374 id: armfolangl-4281 author: Yaghubyan, Marine title: The Communicative Function of English Parenthetical Constructions date: 2018-10-15 words: 2409 flesch: 53 summary: After identifying the importance of parenthetical constructions in communication, we now try to demonstrate how parenthetical constructions provide and communicative functions in spoken and written discourse. Microsoft Word - Contens verjin Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 19 The Communicative Function of English Parenthetical Constructions Marine Yaghubyan Yerevan State University Abstract The main function of parenthetical constructions is to characterize the sentence from the position of the speaker to the listener. keywords: armenian; constructions; example; folia; parenthetical; time cache: armfolangl-4281.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4281.txt item: #25 of 374 id: armfolangl-4282 author: Militonyan, Jemma title: Synonymous Structures in English Syntax date: 2018-10-15 words: 3092 flesch: 54 summary: N. Parnasyan writes: “Syntactic synonyms are those phrases, sentences and syntactic constructions that have the same main lexical stock, express the same relations and connections between natural phenomena by different grammatical means, are equivalent to each other and at the same time denote the different attitudes of the speaker towards the conveyed message’’ (Parnasyan 1970:38). I.M. Zhilin gives the following definition of syntactic synonyms: “Syntactic synonyms are models of such syntactic constructions (sentences, phrases, word combinations) that have identical or similar meanings, have adequate grammatical meanings, express similar syntactic relations and are capable of substitution in certain contexts” (Zhilin 1974:78). keywords: armenian; constructions; forms; language; linguistics; meaning; sentence; synonymy; syntactic cache: armfolangl-4282.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4282.txt item: #26 of 374 id: armfolangl-4283 author: Hakobyan, Nare title: Functional Interpretation of Alright? as a Lecture Question: a Multimodal Analysis date: 2018-10-15 words: 3134 flesch: 71 summary: Camiciottoli (2007), for instance, in her study on questions in 12 Business lectures in terms of non- verbal behavior, does not regard it as a conventional question: “They are not true questions, but primarily manifestations of individual speaking habits as lecturers do not really engage with students or wait for their reaction” (Camiciottoli 2008:1221, quoted in Fortanet-Go’mez, I. and Ruiz-Madrid, N.Ma., 2014:210). This raises doubts about whether these items are actually comprehension checks or simply manifestation of the habits of individual lecturers that are systematically unaccompanied by gaze toward the audience, again calling into question their true role” (Camiciottoli 2007:108). keywords: alright; audience; feedback; lecture; linguistics; pause; question cache: armfolangl-4283.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4283.txt item: #27 of 374 id: armfolangl-4284 author: Gharagozyan, Lilit title: Factive and Fictive in a Literary Critical Text date: 2018-10-15 words: 3271 flesch: 61 summary: The elements of emotionality are necessary for scientific texts. The vocabulary of scientific texts has also received a lot of attention. keywords: armenian; discourse; hamlet; linguistics; play; text; use cache: armfolangl-4284.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4284.txt item: #28 of 374 id: armfolangl-4285 author: Knyazyan, Anna; Hakobyan, Varduhi title: Language and Gender in Political Discourse date: 2018-10-15 words: 2626 flesch: 70 summary: Sometimes female politicians try to cross these limits - Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 69 this is conditioned by the fact that female political leaders tend to preserve and defend their positions by imitating masculine manners of speech. Political speech is just the most evident case where the exact choice of words and expressions may influence the audience to think or even do what a political speaker wants them to think or do. keywords: clinton; language; male; politicians; trump; use; women cache: armfolangl-4285.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4285.txt item: #29 of 374 id: armfolangl-4286 author: Gasparyan, Seda; Kharatyan, Lilit title: Legal English. The UN Convention on Genocide as a Domain-Specific Text date: 2018-10-15 words: 4573 flesch: 50 summary: Despite the fact that legal language is quite limited, many legal texts come in a variety of genres, and each of them tends to have its stereotypical format and fixed structure. Albeit they make sentences much longer and tend to disjoint their parts, they introduce definite and rather precise meanings into legal texts, hence the impossibility of their substitution for verbs. keywords: anglistika; armenian; convention; documents; english; folia; genocide; language; law; studies; text; translation; use cache: armfolangl-4286.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4286.txt item: #30 of 374 id: armfolangl-4288 author: Poghosyan, Ofelya; Ghumashyan, Varduhi title: “Byronic” Phraseological Units and Their Equivalents in the Armenian Translation date: 2018-10-15 words: 3543 flesch: 59 summary: Microsoft Word - Contens verjin Translation Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika 95 “Byronic” Phraseological Units and Their Equivalents in the Armenian Translation Ofelya Poghosyan, Varduhi Ghumashyan Yerevan State University Abstract The article highlights one of the most typical features of G.G. Byron’s individual style, particularly, the use of a great variety of phraseological units in his works. Key words: phraseological units, idioms, source language (SL), target language (TL), narrative poem, individual style, intranslatability. keywords: armenian; english; folia; idioms; language; meaning; phraseological; studies; translation; units cache: armfolangl-4288.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4288.txt item: #31 of 374 id: armfolangl-4289 author: Dilanian, Anna title: Visual Interpretation of Harry Potter Novels date: 2018-10-15 words: 1843 flesch: 60 summary: This article seeks to explain the nature of visual interpretation which is an inseparable part of visual linguistics. Within the frames of this article we intend to study and illustrate the techniques that are used for making any kind of visual interpretation. keywords: harry; interpretation; linguistics; potter; visual cache: armfolangl-4289.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4289.txt item: #32 of 374 id: armfolangl-4291 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: Traditional Fairy Tales and Shrek date: 2018-10-15 words: 3130 flesch: 67 summary: Microsoft Word - Contens verjin Armenian Folia Anglistika Literature 116 Traditional Fairy Tales and Shrek Vicky Tchaparian Lebanese University Abstract Although Brothers Grimm collection of fairy tales have somehow the same cliché of plot, setting, and characters, in the fairy tale of Shrek the protagonist doesn’t follow this cliché. Introduction Traditionally, fairy tales were told orally and handed down from one generation to another by the word of mouth until the 19th century when they developed into written texts. keywords: characters; children; fairy; fairy tales; grimm; princess; shrek; tales cache: armfolangl-4291.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4291.txt item: #33 of 374 id: armfolangl-4292 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: Dickens’s Victorian Novel versus Lean’s Modern Film Adaptation date: 2018-10-15 words: 3647 flesch: 60 summary: In the present paper, different points are discussed and presented; First, different critical opinions, by earlier and modern critics, as well as David Lean’s personal opinion about film adaptation are revealed and discussed. However, opinions clash among different critics as for the fidelity to the original literary form in film adaptations. keywords: adaptation; audience; characters; dickens; expectations; film; lean; novel; victorian cache: armfolangl-4292.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4292.txt item: #34 of 374 id: armfolangl-4293 author: Hakobyan, Sona title: Critical Discourse and Event Semantics Analyses of D. Trump’s Statement on the Armenian Genocide date: 2018-10-15 words: 2838 flesch: 52 summary: Within this framework, we identify two types of event structures: communicative event and complex event (outer and inner events) representing the deep structure of the talk or writing. Within this framework, we identify two types of event structures: communicative event and complex event (outer and inner events) representing the deep structure of the talk or writing. keywords: analysis; armenians; discourse; event; president; semantics; studies cache: armfolangl-4293.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4293.txt item: #35 of 374 id: armfolangl-4294 author: Gasparyan, Gayane title: A Valuable Research date: 2018-10-15 words: 2483 flesch: 29 summary: Here the role of Armenian specialists of English linguistics is undeniably great because they master the nuances and subtleties of the English language and speech structures, and can reveal the arsenal of linguistic strategies used by authors in their texts to influence the reader, generate opinions, communicate additional information by means of linguistic analyses. From the perspective of linguistic analysis it is also interesting to note the innovative approach to the comparative analysis of the frequency of occurrence of words in the two documents, presented in the form of tables and graphs. keywords: analysis; convention; genocide; linguistic; research cache: armfolangl-4294.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4294.txt item: #36 of 374 id: armfolangl-4295 author: Giorgi, Alessandra title: The Comparative Method in Synchronic Linguistics: The Case of Word Order date: 2020-04-15 words: 7638 flesch: 58 summary: Hence, if the participle belongs to category V, then, according to the language classification illustrated in section 1, German should be a Subject – Object – Verb language, in spite of the fact that we see sentences like Hans isst einen Apfel (Hans eats an apple), where the verb precedes the object. Key words: word order, syntax, Verb Second, Romance, Germanic. keywords: auxiliary; eaten; english; german; italian; languages; object; order; sentence; subject; verb; word cache: armfolangl-4295.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4295.txt item: #37 of 374 id: armfolangl-4296 author: Karapetyan, Lili; Danukhyan, Lusine title: Insights into the Category of Gender (with special reference to gender-marking avoidance strategies) date: 2020-04-15 words: 3552 flesch: 55 summary: Bound morphemes indicating feminine gender: actress, tigress, heroine,  Different words used for indicating the gender: lady, queen, king, uncle, aunt.  Suffix -ուհի indicating feminine gender of the nouns: աշակերտուհի, բժշկուհի, գործավարուհի, etc. keywords: armenian; category; english; gender; languages; linguistics; man; masculine; nouns; use cache: armfolangl-4296.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4296.txt item: #38 of 374 id: armfolangl-4297 author: Arakelyan, Ruzanna; Petrosyan, Ani title: Gender Specific English Advertisements date: 2020-04-15 words: 2703 flesch: 52 summary: Men interrupt women in a group where men and women are interlocutors. Women frequently accept men’s topics while men reject subjects raised by women. keywords: advertisements; advertising; customers; gender; hair; language; use; women cache: armfolangl-4297.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4297.txt item: #39 of 374 id: armfolangl-4299 author: Abrahamyan, Samvel title: Peculiarities of Manipulative Strategies in English Political Discourse date: 2020-04-15 words: 5702 flesch: 46 summary: Microsoft Word - Maket 2020-1(21) 19.02 doc.doc Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics 66 Peculiarities of Manipulative Strategies in English Political Discourse Samvel Abrahamyan Yerevan State University Abstract The article discusses peculiarities of manipulative strategies in English political discourse. Manipulative strategy can be considered as a form of persuasive strategy aimed at influencing hearers and making them accept beliefs or do things advocated by the manipulator. keywords: anglistika; armenian; discourse; folia; linguistics; manipulation; means; people; speech; strategies; strategy; trump; use cache: armfolangl-4299.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4299.txt item: #40 of 374 id: armfolangl-4300 author: Harutyunyan, Kristine; Danielyan, Hayk title: The Use of Emotionally Colored Words in English E-Headlines date: 2020-04-15 words: 2687 flesch: 48 summary: Another specific set of emotional words are intensifiers which convey special intensities to highlight the importance of what is expressed. Electronic news headlines need to be compact but also should capture the readers’ attention and compel them to read the body. keywords: colorings; electronic; headlines; news; readers; use; words; world cache: armfolangl-4300.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4300.txt item: #41 of 374 id: armfolangl-4302 author: Ghumashyan, Varduhi title: The Impact of Metaphor on G.G. Byron’s Linguopoetic Thinking date: 2020-04-15 words: 2636 flesch: 52 summary: Among literary devices it is especially metaphor that is peculiar to Byron’s linguopoetic thinking. The linguostylistic and linguopoetic methods of analysis help to bring out metaphor as an important device for Byron. keywords: byron; childe; devices; harold; language; metaphor; reader; use cache: armfolangl-4302.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4302.txt item: #42 of 374 id: armfolangl-4303 author: Sidorenko, Tatyana; Kudryashova, Alexandra title: Content and Language Integrated Learning: Potential and Obstacles of Its Implementation in Russia date: 2020-04-15 words: 6044 flesch: 40 summary: CLIL teachers to prepare materials for classes; reducing the teaching load; introducing additional stimuli (incentive payments). CLIL approach initially generated as a form of bilingual education and had slightly different objectives in contrast to the ones it has at present. keywords: approach; armenian; clil; education; folia; knowledge; language; learning; level; methodology; russian; students; subject; teachers; teaching; university cache: armfolangl-4303.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4303.txt item: #43 of 374 id: armfolangl-4304 author: Gasparyan, Gayane title: Pre-Translation Text Analysis as an Essential Step to an Effective Translation date: 2020-04-15 words: 4782 flesch: 48 summary: Key words: intra-textual information, extra-textual information, source text, target text, translation oriented pragmatic analysis, discourse analysis, pre- translation analysis, intention, motivation, socio-cultural component. It should also be mentioned, that both discourse and pragmatic analyses are employed while collecting intra-textual analysis too. keywords: analysis; armenian; discourse; information; intra; pre; russian; source; statement; text; translation cache: armfolangl-4304.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4304.txt item: #44 of 374 id: armfolangl-4305 author: Whitman Waller, Dylan title: Sanctities Sustained: An Outsider’s Experience inside Armenian Culture date: 2020-04-15 words: 2663 flesch: 56 summary: Abstract This essay will depict one American musician’s journey in the discovery of Komitas’ music and how this led to a deeper discovery of Armenian culture and history writ large, resulting in a visit to Armenia itself. She was an extremely gifted soprano, and her favorite music was Armenian music, so his ensemble had made a recording of his interpretations of Komitas’ conveyant sounds, dedicated to her memory. keywords: anglistika; armenian; culture; folia; komitas; life; music; studies cache: armfolangl-4305.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4305.txt item: #45 of 374 id: armfolangl-4306 author: Locatelli, Angela title: (How) Can Recent Cognitive Studies Contribute to Literary Interpretation? date: 2020-04-15 words: 6762 flesch: 47 summary: Zunshine elaborates two important concepts from cognitive studies and applies them to literary studies: Armenian Folia Anglistika Literature Studies 144 1) […] In contrast, although the second cognitive revolution also accepts the idea that there are cognitive processes, it views them as immanent in discourse practices. keywords: anglistika; brain; experience; folia; interpretation; language; literature; locatelli; mind; poetics; press; reading; studies; texts; theory; university; zunshine cache: armfolangl-4306.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4306.txt item: #46 of 374 id: armfolangl-4308 author: Muradian, Gaiane; Karapetyan, Anna title: On Some Properties of Science Fiction Dystopian Narrative date: 2017-10-16 words: 3563 flesch: 53 summary: Using elements of science fiction discourse like time travel, space flight, advanced technologies, virtual reality, genetic engineering, etc. – dystopian narrative depicts future fictive societies presenting in peculiar prose style a future in which humanity has fallen into destruction, ruin and decline, in which human life and nature are wildly abused, exploited and destroyed, in which a totalitarian, highly centralized, and, therefore, oppressive social organization sacrifices individual expression, freedom of choice and idiosyncrasy of the society and its members. Key words: science fiction, dystopian narrative, narrative types and devices, figurative discourse, cognitive notions. keywords: armenian; dystopia; fiction; language; narrative; science; society cache: armfolangl-4308.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4308.txt item: #47 of 374 id: armfolangl-4309 author: Karapetyan, Sirarpi title: Comparative Analysis of Armenian and English Syndetic Analytical Word-Formation Structures with Noun Component date: 2017-10-16 words: 3188 flesch: 57 summary: In Armenian we have the following examples; աղոթք ու աղաչանք, անձրև ու քամի, բակ ու դուռ, բառ ու խոսք, թաթ ու կրունկ, թուղթ ու գիր, խոսք ու զրույց, կար ու կութ, հանդ ու ձոր, հարց ու փորձ, հաց ու պանիր, շող ու շաղ, շուն ու գայլ, ոտ ու ձեռ, վարպետ ու բանվոր, ցախ ու ցաք, քար ու կշեռք, etc. b) Analytical structures with synonymous components: command and control “the running of an armed force or other organization”, house and home “a person's home, possessions”, hue and cry “a loud clamour or public outcry”, hum and haw “hesitation”, pot and pan “husband”, rag and tatter “full of or characterized by rags and tatters, ragged”, etc.. In Armenian we have the following examples; անեծք ու նզովք, բաղ ու բախչա, բանտ ու զնդան, բար ու բերք, գանգատ ու բողոք, գութ ու կարեկցանք, դաշտ ու դուրան, դաս Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 23 ու խրատ, դեղ ու դարման, դեպք ու դիպված, դող ու էրոցք, եռանդ ու ջանք, լույս ու ճրագ, There are also structures in which both of the components are plural, e. g. եզներ ու կովեր, սարեր ու ձորեր, etc. keywords: armenian; compounds; english; noun; structures; syndetic; word cache: armfolangl-4309.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4309.txt item: #48 of 374 id: armfolangl-4310 author: Mkhitaryan, Irina title: Personification as Manifestation of Author’s Ironical Attitude from the Title-Text Correlation Standpoint (in the novel Animal Farm by G. Orwell) date: 2017-10-16 words: 2674 flesch: 63 summary: The author uses farm animals to portray the people of power and the common people during the Revolution of the Socialists. Hence, the former Manor Farm comes to be named Animal farm, postulating the abilities and strength of animals. keywords: animals; author; farm; irony; novel; orwell; personification; pigs cache: armfolangl-4310.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4310.txt item: #49 of 374 id: armfolangl-4311 author: Militonyan, Jemma title: The Use of Simile in Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights date: 2017-10-16 words: 2837 flesch: 68 summary: (pp. 10, 13, 15, 20, 21, 35, 40) We can come across many other examples in the Wuthering Heights where Emily Brontë uses different animal similes for a more imaginative Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 43 characterization of a phenomenon, and represents features typical of animals to characterize people. Through simile the reader may imagine vividly the fictive world of Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights. keywords: brontë; comparison; heights; metaphor; simile; speech cache: armfolangl-4311.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4311.txt item: #50 of 374 id: armfolangl-4312 author: Yaghubyan, Marine title: Approximation as a Semantic Process of Occasional Modification of the Meaning date: 2017-10-16 words: 3224 flesch: 68 summary: Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 49 Defining approximators as degree adverbs, G. Leech points out that degree can be applied only to gradable words whose meaning can be thought of in terms of a scale. It is well-known that synonymy is considered one of the “sense relations”, or in other words, “the meaning relations that hold within the vocabulary of a language between words themselves” (Harris 1973:6). keywords: adverbs; approximators; kind; linguistics; meaning; sort; words cache: armfolangl-4312.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4312.txt item: #51 of 374 id: armfolangl-4313 author: Vanyan, Ani title: Small Talk in English and Armenian date: 2017-10-16 words: 2459 flesch: 67 summary: It is of great importance to attempt to discover pragmatic and commu- nicative functions of phatic talk in face-to-face communication. This tension can be reduced by starting phatic talk until a more factual subject arises. keywords: armenian; communication; people; phatic; responses; talk cache: armfolangl-4313.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4313.txt item: #52 of 374 id: armfolangl-4314 author: Grigoryan, Gevorg title: Reflexive Pronoun Deviations in Contemporary English Social Media date: 2017-10-16 words: 3668 flesch: 62 summary: These pronominal variations help us to evaluate the current state of reflexive pronouns and lead us to foresee the possible future change of English. However, it is relevant to note that in certain cases the formations of reflexive pronouns in two source languages are reflected with the addition of foreign suffixes like fita, lo, vo, etc. which are equally employed both for singular and plural forms: okej qika gjeremika imma go sleepita myselfita (twitter) keywords: anglistika; armenian; english; facebook; folia; languages; media; pronouns; social; speakers; twitter cache: armfolangl-4314.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4314.txt item: #53 of 374 id: armfolangl-4316 author: Melik-Adamyan, Shushanik title: On Some Universal and Specific Semantic and Cognitive Aspects of the Emotive Joy in English date: 2017-10-16 words: 3056 flesch: 65 summary: With regard to the classification of the emotive joy, it differentiates between six types: 1. become cheerful (cheer, cheer up, chirk up); 2. become glad or happy (gladden); 3. feel extreme happiness or elation (be on cloud nine, exult, jump for joy, walk on air); 4. to express great joy (exuberate, exult, jubilate, rejoice, triumph); According to Parrot the class of primary positive emotions encompasses love, joy and surprise, whereas the primary negative class is composed of anger, sadness and fear. keywords: emotions; emotive; happiness; joy; linguistics; pleasure cache: armfolangl-4316.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4316.txt item: #54 of 374 id: armfolangl-4317 author: Khazhakyan, Mariam title: The Role of Prosody in Text Interpretation date: 2017-10-16 words: 2512 flesch: 70 summary: Thus, the language of drama is marked by stylization of colloquial speech preserving the modus of literary language. But this uncertainty makes Gwendolen nervous which is reinforced by the use of the Gradually Descending Stepping Scale. keywords: drama; gwendolen; jack; prosody; speech cache: armfolangl-4317.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4317.txt item: #55 of 374 id: armfolangl-4318 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: Linguistic Analysis of the Two Speech Functions in President Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech date: 2017-10-16 words: 2029 flesch: 63 summary: Microsoft Word - Contens verjin Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 111 Linguistic Analysis of the Two Speech Functions in President Donald Trump’s Inaugural Speech Vicky Tchaparian Lebanese University Abstract Detecting the Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 113 number of occurrences of personal pronouns in President Trump’s inaugural speech we have drawn the following table: Personal pronouns Number of usages in President Trump’s speech First person I (me) 3 keywords: america; people; president; speech; trump cache: armfolangl-4318.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4318.txt item: #56 of 374 id: armfolangl-4319 author: Baghdasaryan, Susanna title: The Effect of Non-Native Accents and Stereotypes on Speaker Perception and Comprehension date: 2017-10-16 words: 3025 flesch: 48 summary: Very often it is demonstrated by the apparent stigmatization of non-native accents by native speakers of the language. Key words: native speakers, non-native accents, Sociolinguistics, cognitive mechanisms, partiality, implicit/explicit mechanisms, stigmatization. keywords: accent; attitudes; authors; language; speakers; speech cache: armfolangl-4319.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4319.txt item: #57 of 374 id: armfolangl-4320 author: Gasparyan, Naira title: Scottish Identity through National Proverbs and Sayings (A Linguo-Cultural Perspective) date: 2017-10-16 words: 3838 flesch: 65 summary: Kelly (Kelly 1721), who was one of the first collectors of Scottish proverbs and sayings, takes an effort to convincingly plead his countrymen not only to learn Scottish proverbs and sayings that were presented in his famous volume and carry national wisdom but also to use them in every appropriate situation which will be a step towards passing it to the coming generations. Applying Norrick’s theory of proverbiality to Scottish proverbs we reveal that prosody and the rhythmic arrangement can be viewed as one of their specific features. keywords: anglistika; armenian; culture; folia; identity; national; people; proverbs; sayings; scottish; studies; wisdom cache: armfolangl-4320.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4320.txt item: #58 of 374 id: armfolangl-4321 author: Baghdasaryan, Mara title: Stone in Cognitive Perspective date: 2017-10-16 words: 3671 flesch: 62 summary: Below are only presented some Armenian Folia Anglistika Culture Studies 152 of them to avoid an extensive repetition (the sequence of these examples is according to the conceptual classification above): քար լացացնել = քար հալեցնել; քար գցել /մի բանի վրա/ = գլխին քար գցել /մեկի, մի բանի/ = քար գլտորել /արևմտհ./; քար դնել մի բանի վրա = քարը բարձրացնել, տակով/ն/ անել = քարը վերցնել, քարի տակը դնել; սար ընկնել ուսերից = սրտի վրայից ծանր քար ընկնել /սրտից քար ընկնել/; լեռներ շարժել/շրջել/շուռ տալ = սար շուռ տալ; քարեքար գալ = քարեքար ընկնել = սարերը ընկնել = սարեսար ընկնել = սար ու քոլին տալ Key words: concept “stone’’, linguocultural analysis, cognitive frame, conceptualization, lexical realization, phraseology, counterpart. keywords: armenian; concept; culture; frames; pietra; sasso; stone; studies; սար; տալ; քար; քարը cache: armfolangl-4321.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4321.txt item: #59 of 374 id: armfolangl-4322 author: Chobanyan, Nare title: Conceptual Adequacy in Legal Translation date: 2017-10-16 words: 3310 flesch: 47 summary: Legal translations raise very complex theoretical and practical problems and, therefore, an interdisciplinary comparative approach to the two legal systems and languages should be manifested by specialized translators. This study demonstrates that despite the common assumption that legal translations are literal, they may be translated differently depending on the context and aim of its translation. keywords: armenian; language; law; legal; system; target; text; translation cache: armfolangl-4322.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4322.txt item: #60 of 374 id: armfolangl-4323 author: Knyazyan, Anna title: Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Literature (with special reference to H.Ch. Andersen’s and W. Disney’s fairytales) date: 2017-10-16 words: 2831 flesch: 62 summary: Key words: gender roles, gender stereotypes, fairytales, male, female, children's literature. The images of women (the damsel, the princess, the temptress, the evil witch) in fairytales have a powerful influence on children’s perceptions of gender roles and stereotypes. keywords: beauty; children; fairytales; gender; literature; males; mermaid cache: armfolangl-4323.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4323.txt item: #61 of 374 id: armfolangl-4324 author: Gasparyan, Seda title: The Question of the Armenian Genocide in Taner Akçam’s Intrpretation date: 2017-10-16 words: 4073 flesch: 50 summary: Armenological Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika 177 On the other hand he reveals the falsity of the prevailing opinion of Turkey’s forced entrance into the war. Although in various parts of the narrative the author emphasizes the fact of the pre-planned nature of the Armenian Genocide, based on the documentary files of numerous testimonies, court writs, national and international instructions, published and unpublished notes and memorandums, nevertheless, by using words and expressions like group, government, organization, political party, representatives of a clearly defined class or Armenological Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika 181 subclass the author once again attempts to persuade the reader that the committed crime was the act of a specific group – a political party, authorities or some other team. keywords: akçam; armenian; author; book; folia; genocide; studies; turk cache: armfolangl-4324.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4324.txt item: #62 of 374 id: armfolangl-4330 author: none title: Front Matter date: 2020-04-15 words: 1470 flesch: 28 summary: Astghik Chubaryan – PhD in Philology, Professor of English Philology Department, Yerevan State University (Armenia). Հիմնադիր և գլխավոր խմբագիր` ՍԵԴԱ ԳԱՍՊԱՐՅԱՆ Համարի թողարկման պատասխանատու` ԼԻԼԻ ԿԱՐԱՊԵՏՅԱՆ Լրատվական գործունեություն իրականացնող «ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ՈՒՍՈՒՄՆԱՍԻՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՅԿԱԿԱՆ ԱՍՈՑԻԱՑԻԱ» ՀԿ http:www.aase.ysu.am Վկայական` 03Ա 065183 Տրված` 28.06.2004 թ. Yerevan State University Press Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics 2 Editor-in-Chief Seda Gasparyan – Dr. of Sciences (Philology), Professor, Corresponding Member of RA NAS, Honoured Scientist of RA, holder of “Best Scientific Work” award of RA NAS (2010), holder of “Prolific Researcher” award of RA State Committee of Science (2013, 2016, 2017, 2018), Head of Yerevan State University English Philology Department, President of Armenian Association for the Study of English. keywords: armenian; department; english; philology; professor; state; university cache: armfolangl-4330.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4330.txt item: #63 of 374 id: armfolangl-4331 author: none title: Contents date: 2020-04-15 words: 754 flesch: 15 summary: (Use these settings to create Adobe PDF documents best suited for high-quality prepress printing. De gemaakte PDF-documenten kunnen worden geopend met Acrobat en Adobe Reader 5.0 en hoger.) /NOR keywords: adobe; english; studies cache: armfolangl-4331.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4331.txt item: #64 of 374 id: armfolangl-4333 author: none title: Contributing Authors date: 2020-04-15 words: 891 flesch: 17 summary: E-mail: naira.gasparyan@ysu.am Ruzanna Arakelyan – PhD in Philology, Associate Professor, English Philology Department, Yerevan State University. E-mail: angela.locatelli@unibg.it Ani Petrosyan – MA in Linguistics, English Philology Department, Yerevan State University. keywords: philology; state; university; yerevan cache: armfolangl-4333.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4333.txt item: #65 of 374 id: armfolangl-4334 author: none title: Author Guidelines date: 2020-04-15 words: 1945 flesch: 44 summary: Withdrawal of Manuscripts: The author can request withdrawal of manuscript after submission within the time span when the manuscript is still in the peer-reviewing process. High quality manuscripts are peer-reviewed by minimum two peers of the same field. keywords: editor; manuscript; paper; publication; text cache: armfolangl-4334.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4334.txt item: #66 of 374 id: armfolangl-4457 author: Gasparyan, Seda; Sargsyan, Mariana; Melik-Karamyan, Astghik title: Artistic Concept in the Cognitive Perspective date: 2016-10-17 words: 2652 flesch: 53 summary: Individual artistic concepts should not be confused with general cultural concepts. In contrast to individual concept, the individual artistic concept embodies the author’s knowledge and his own way of interpreting the objective reality. keywords: alienation; authorial; concept; container; study; text; world cache: armfolangl-4457.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4457.txt item: #67 of 374 id: armfolangl-4458 author: Chubaryan, Astghik; Sargsyan, Lilit title: The Text-Organizing Function of Compression in English Scientific Discourse date: 2016-10-17 words: 4503 flesch: 51 summary: In other words, text compression as the realization of the economy principle in actual communication carries out a major text-organizing function in English scientific discourse, to elucidate which it is essential to elaborate on such key concepts as linguistic economy and compression, compression and implicitness, informativity as well as some basic pragmatic parameters of communication. principle realization in the form of text compression. keywords: audience; compression; discourse; economy; information; principle; speaker; text cache: armfolangl-4458.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4458.txt item: #68 of 374 id: armfolangl-4459 author: Knyazyan, Anna title: Male and Female Profanity in English Anecdotes date: 2016-10-17 words: 3410 flesch: 70 summary: In English anecdotes men consider profanity as a much more gender related feature, avoiding this kind of language with women, but using it a lot more with other men, especially in certain situations, like sports. Various generalizations about women and men involve some false assumptions as they negate the aspirations, diverse identities and personalities of individual males and females. keywords: anecdotes; english; females; language; males; women; word cache: armfolangl-4459.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4459.txt item: #69 of 374 id: armfolangl-4460 author: Margaryan, Svetlana; Petrosyan, Alina title: Metaphor through the Lens of Clinical Medicine: The Case of Specialty-Specific Signs date: 2016-10-17 words: 4130 flesch: 54 summary: Microsoft Word - Contens verjin Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics 38 Metaphor through the Lens of Clinical Medicine: The Case of Specialty-Specific Signs Svetlana Margaryan Yerevan Brusov State University of Languages and Social Sciences Alina Petrosyan Mkhitar Heratsi Yerevan State Medical University Abstract The present paper aims at discussing certain metaphors which name diseases resembling specialty-specific signs manifested in different occupations. Such signs may arise from inhaling certain chemical, physical and biological agents and dusts as well as from performing certain type of activities which cause skin diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. keywords: armenian; condition; disease; fracture; health; medical; metaphor; nose; signs; skin; specialty cache: armfolangl-4460.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4460.txt item: #70 of 374 id: armfolangl-4461 author: Tovmasyan, Hranush title: On Text Coherence via Frame-Based Presuppositions date: 2016-10-17 words: 5308 flesch: 57 summary: Each reflected unit which must turn into knowledge or an idea and further a presupposition, from the first stage of its reflection process enters different frames due to its associative links. In this perspective it is relevant to quote S. Ter-Minasova (2000) who gives her account of how cultural frames influence the collocability of lexical means. keywords: armenian; consciousness; frame; individual; knowledge; language; presuppositions; semantic; structure; text; wedding; world cache: armfolangl-4461.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4461.txt item: #71 of 374 id: armfolangl-4462 author: Ghazaryan, Grigor title: The Modeling of Social Distance on the Mat: Towards a Semiotic Study of Aikido date: 2016-10-17 words: 3219 flesch: 53 summary: With the concepts of center and sphericity in mind, we can notice that social distance in Aikido corresponds to the sphere of objectivity which is literally outside the reach of the Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 77 individual’s hand (=sword). There are details of Ueshiba's training in those classical martial arts and their influence on the development of modern Aikido. keywords: aikido; center; communication; distance; language; signs; sword; use cache: armfolangl-4462.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4462.txt item: #72 of 374 id: armfolangl-4464 author: Isahakyan, Heghine title: Linguo-Cognitive Analysis of the Concept God (on the Basis of J. Fowles’ Philosophical Essay “The Aristos”) date: 2016-10-17 words: 2568 flesch: 55 summary: Key words: actualization, concept, conceptual metaphor, God, world perception. In the given article an attempt is undertaken to define means of actualization of the concept God via conceptual metaphor in J. Fowles’ philosophical essay “The Aristos”. keywords: analysis; author; concept; entity; god; text cache: armfolangl-4464.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4464.txt item: #73 of 374 id: armfolangl-4465 author: Ghaltakhchyan, Siranoush title: Dictogloss Approach to Dictation Writing Activities date: 2016-10-17 words: 3365 flesch: 52 summary: Key words: methods of EFL teaching, language learning activities, interactive learning, cooperative and collaborative learning, dictation writing activities, dictogloss approach, dictogloss prosedure, audio dictation. As different from traditional dictation writing activities, that aim at helping language learners become accustomed to processing and differentiating between different sounds of the target language, identifying words and phrases and recording them as accurately as possible, the dictogloss method of dictation writing tries to boost listening for detailed understanding, i.e. focusing on the grammatical constructions used in the texts, guessing the words and phrases suitable to the context, constructing meaning from the recorded texts and interpreting the gist of the dictated stories. keywords: dictation; dictogloss; language; learners; learning; procedure; students; writing cache: armfolangl-4465.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4465.txt item: #74 of 374 id: armfolangl-4466 author: Madoyan, Lusine title: Authenticity and Teacher’s Role in Project Based Learning date: 2016-10-17 words: 2232 flesch: 58 summary: According to Harmer (1983:146) “authentic texts (either written or spoken) are those which are designed for native speakers: they are real texts designed not for language students, but for the speakers of the language in question”. In this last stage of project work teachers also provide students with feedback on their language and content learning. keywords: authenticity; language; learning; project; students; teacher cache: armfolangl-4466.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4466.txt item: #75 of 374 id: armfolangl-4467 author: Ghonyan, Meline title: The Importance of Teaching English through Armenian Culture date: 2016-10-17 words: 2665 flesch: 60 summary: Key words: local culture, target culture, cultural materials, culture-related topics Introduction Armenian learners are rarely exposed to Armenian culture; the only topics that are related to Armenia are Armenian History, Religion and Geography. In the current paper we would like to state that it is beneficial to teach English through local culture materials as they increase the cognitive, communicative and social understanding of the learners. keywords: armenian; art; culture; language; learners; teaching cache: armfolangl-4467.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4467.txt item: #76 of 374 id: armfolangl-4468 author: Abrahamyan, Samvel title: Linguocultural Peculiarities of British Parliamentary Discourse date: 2016-10-17 words: 3509 flesch: 61 summary: Key words: political discourse, British parliamentary discourse, context models, the form and style of British parliamentary debates, linguocultural peculiarities. Though for parliamentary debates the formal communication style (as an example of formal style T.A. van Dijk brings the following sentence uttered by T. Blair’s in the House of Commons during the debates on Iraq: “I do not disrespect the views in opposition to mine” where the expression “in opposition to mine” is used instead of “opposed”) (Dijk 2008:2) is predominant, parliamentarians often shift to informal communication style as in British Parliament speeches should not be read and only notes can be referred to. keywords: commons; debates; discourse; house; parliamentary; speaker cache: armfolangl-4468.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4468.txt item: #77 of 374 id: armfolangl-4469 author: Matevosyan, Armine; Dalalyan, Manana title: Armenian Culture from the Semiotic Perspective date: 2016-10-17 words: 2163 flesch: 61 summary: Armenian National Identity through Signs Since the scope of culture is wide, in our paper we have focused on some aspects of it, namely Armenian cuisine, music, dances and visual signs. In our paper we follow Langer’s theory on the notion of symbol and sign and focus on visual signs that depict Armenian reality and culture. keywords: armenian; culture; dance; people; semiotics; signs cache: armfolangl-4469.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4469.txt item: #78 of 374 id: armfolangl-4471 author: Tonyan, Marika title: Pragmatic Aspects of Metalinguistic Utterances date: 2016-04-15 words: 3577 flesch: 59 summary: Metalinguistic Utterances in Use We are going to analyze various types of metalinguistic utterances from the point of view of their pragmatic characteristics and bring out the messages which are not explicitly transmitted by object language. With a certain type of metalinguistic utterances, we have to take into account such factors as who are the speaker and the hearer, in what circumstances communication is taking place, what are the presuppositions and inferences of the utterance, what cooperative principles are observed or violated, and what are the intentions of the interlocutors in the process of their verbal interaction. keywords: armenian; language; meaning; speaker; use; utterance; word cache: armfolangl-4471.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4471.txt item: #79 of 374 id: armfolangl-4472 author: Muradian, Gaiane title: Imagery in Action: G. Orwell’s “Animal Farm” date: 2016-04-15 words: 3408 flesch: 58 summary: When Napoleon begins to act more like a human being – walking upright, sleeping in a bed, wearing clothes, carrying whips, tying ribbons on the tails of his offsprings to distinguish them from the rest of the pigs, draping his favourite sow with Mrs. Jonses’ clothes, drinking whisky, playing cards and getting involved in other activities that are against the original Animalist principles, Squealer uses powerful propaganda (an inevitable instrument of any politics) to justify the mentioned actions to other animals, to convince them that Napoleon is a great leader, that they are cold, hungry and overworked due to the cruel schemes of external and internal enemies. Seemingly a plain story of animals, inwardly this novel is an allegory that refers to power struggle, usurpation, intimidation, exploitation, hypocrisy, corruption, political racket and terror of the ruling classes in whatever form they may appear (human or animal). keywords: animal; commandment; farm; imagery; language; legs; orwell; pigs cache: armfolangl-4472.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4472.txt item: #80 of 374 id: armfolangl-4473 author: Ghajoyan, Hasmik title: The Role of Metaphor in Technical Term-Formation date: 2016-04-15 words: 3274 flesch: 61 summary: Language metaphor is understood first of all as an element of the lexical system of language used by all native speakers as a ready-made means with a definite meaning. Language metaphor has its specific place in Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 29 terminology, especially in the sphere of electronics and information technologies. keywords: anglistika; information; language; meaning; means; metaphor; terms; transfer; word cache: armfolangl-4473.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4473.txt item: #81 of 374 id: armfolangl-4474 author: Arakelyan, Rouzanna; Muradyan, Gevorg title: Language as an Influential Tool for Persuasion date: 2016-04-15 words: 2331 flesch: 63 summary: After examining the effects of powerless and powerful speech on persuasion, researchers stated, that powerless speech is perceived as less persuasive and credible than powerful speech. In contrast to powerless speech, powerful speech is marked by the vivid absence of those features that were mentioned above. keywords: communication; persuasion; questions; rights; speech; tag cache: armfolangl-4474.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4474.txt item: #82 of 374 id: armfolangl-4475 author: Barseghyan, Gevorg title: Sports Idioms and Their Interpretation in Different Dimensions date: 2016-04-15 words: 3430 flesch: 68 summary: Key words: sports terms and idioms, expression of one’s identity, non- sporting situations, sociocultural nature of sports idioms, linguocultural realia, hidden codes, code breaker, popular consciousness, international communication. The goal of the paper (the study of sports idioms used in non-sporting dimensions), accounts for our interest in various researches on idiomatic expressions at large, the investigation and critical analysis of which disposes us to think that sports terms and expressions may well fit for non-sporting spheres and situations. keywords: cricket; english; expressions; game; idioms; language; sports; team; terms cache: armfolangl-4475.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4475.txt item: #83 of 374 id: armfolangl-4476 author: Girunyan, Gayane title: Reflection in Class: Experimenting with Text date: 2016-04-15 words: 3720 flesch: 52 summary: Exposed to interpretation and as unique forms of artistic reflection, such compositions are human texts, and the way we understand them, citing Dennis Schmidt again, “is not necessarily wedded to the intelligibility defined by conceptuality. I would also add that my personal experience of creative reflection is that there are states starting from and returning to which I prefer to produce images, thinking about which helps me understand my search for meaning better. keywords: knowledge; learning; process; reflection; text; thinking cache: armfolangl-4476.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4476.txt item: #84 of 374 id: armfolangl-4477 author: Manukyan, Ani title: Reconstructing Learners’ Understanding of Education date: 2016-04-15 words: 2255 flesch: 54 summary: Non-formal education which has to compensate for the shortcomings and contradictions of the traditional school system often meets urgent educational needs, and gives solutions even better than formal education. The desire of development lifelong learning is to implement it in practice which exacerbated the problem of adult education in society. keywords: armenian; development; education; learners; learning; methodology; teaching cache: armfolangl-4477.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4477.txt item: #85 of 374 id: armfolangl-4478 author: Bekaryan, Lilit title: Developing Learners’ Top-Down Processing Skills in Listening date: 2016-04-15 words: 3036 flesch: 60 summary: Microsoft Word - 2. Methodology 55 - 128 (1) Armenian Folia Anglistika Methodology 74 Developing Learners’ Top-Down Processing Skills in Listening Lilit Bekaryan Yerevan State University Abstract Listening is the first receptive skill that we develop as human beings, and it helps us improve other skills and gain confidence as language learners. When listening to a message in the target language, language learners tend to have unrealistic expectations, anticipating to understand every single word comprised in the message instead of aiming for general comprehension made available by the context. keywords: knowledge; language; learners; listening; processing; text cache: armfolangl-4478.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4478.txt item: #86 of 374 id: armfolangl-4479 author: Karapetyan, Marina title: On Some Features of Logical Thought in Writing date: 2016-04-15 words: 4452 flesch: 59 summary: The essay writer seeks to appeal to reason by using logical arguments to communicate to the reader the way s/he understands an issue. At the same time, all types of logical arguments are prone to fallacies. keywords: arguments; armenian; conclusion; essay; people; reasoning; students; writer cache: armfolangl-4479.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4479.txt item: #87 of 374 id: armfolangl-4480 author: Chubaryan, Siranush title: Muslim Immigrant Students in European Higher Educational Institutions date: 2016-04-15 words: 8046 flesch: 54 summary: Microsoft Word - 2. Methodology 55 - 128 (1) Armenian Folia Anglistika Methodology 96 Muslim Immigrant Students in European Higher Educational Institutions Siranush Chubaryan University of South Carolina, US Abstract This study investigates the influence of higher education on the integration of Muslim students from migrant background into French, German and Armenian societies. Key words: Muslim immigrant students; Europe; Bologna Process; higher education policy; integration․ Introductory Remarks My interest in the experiences of Muslim students from migrant background in European higher educational institutions under the Bologna Process grew after I heard the stories told by student participants during an international civic education conference held in Armenia in 2008. keywords: armenian; data; education; european; immigrant; institutions; integration; methodology; muslim; process; professors; research; students cache: armfolangl-4480.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4480.txt item: #88 of 374 id: armfolangl-4481 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: Making a Difficult Language Skill Easy date: 2016-04-15 words: 3643 flesch: 69 summary: There are 2 type of organization for compare and contrast writing type: a) point by point organization or b) block organization, e.g. Compare and contrast country life with city life. H – Cause and effect writing type: Where the the results of an event are given, e.g. What is the effect of pollution on the Ozone Layer? keywords: language; organization; paragraph; sentences; words; write; writing cache: armfolangl-4481.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4481.txt item: #89 of 374 id: armfolangl-4482 author: Simović, Saša; Mijušković, Marija title: The Nineteenth Century American Fiction: Hawthorne, “The House of the Seven Gables” and Its Reception: A Brief Overview date: 2016-04-15 words: 5489 flesch: 68 summary: This paper discusses Nathaniel Hawthorne’s famous romance The House of the Seven Gables and its reception from the time of its publication, 1851, to the present day. Introduction Inspired by the great success of his master-piece The Scarlet Letter in 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne began to work on another book in the late spring of the same year. keywords: american; anglistika; armenian; book; folia; gables; hawthorne; house; literature; maule; pyncheon; romance cache: armfolangl-4482.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4482.txt item: #90 of 374 id: armfolangl-4483 author: Gasparyan, Naira title: The Extralinguistic Reality of the Armenian Question or Why Armenians Should Be Killed off (with special reference to E.T. Lawrence’s standpoint) date: 2016-04-15 words: 3068 flesch: 60 summary: He also managed to notice that Christianity was not the main reason for the ruling Young Turkish government to declare Armenians state prisoners, otherwise said – enemies of Turkey. Key words: Armenians, Turks, linguo-cultural analysis, extralinguistic reality, Armenian question. keywords: anglistika; armenians; folia; lawrence; steffens; studies; turks; work cache: armfolangl-4483.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4483.txt item: #91 of 374 id: armfolangl-4485 author: Sargsyan, Mariana; Madoyan, Gohar title: Representation of the Concept “Loneliness” in Katherine Mansfield’s Authorial World Picture date: 2015-10-15 words: 3770 flesch: 74 summary: 4. Mansfield, K. (2012) The Best Short Stories of K. Mansfield. Mansfield, K. (1984-86) The Collected Letters of Katherine Mansfield. keywords: author; concept; loneliness; mansfield; stories; text; wind cache: armfolangl-4485.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4485.txt item: #92 of 374 id: armfolangl-4486 author: Knyazyan, Anna title: Gender and Disparaging Humour date: 2015-10-15 words: 3204 flesch: 65 summary: you,” the blonde says, and hangs up.7 A “dumb blonde joke” can be found humorous, even if the listener may not actually hold the belief that blonde women are dumb. While males typically socialize in groups, females are more likely to have closer, one-on-one relationships with other women (Benenson, Maiese, Dolenszky, Dolenszky, Sinclair, & Simpson 2002). keywords: blonde; gender; group; humor; jokes; language; sexist; stereotypes; women cache: armfolangl-4486.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4486.txt item: #93 of 374 id: armfolangl-4488 author: Khamesian, Minoo title: On Nominalization, A Rhetorical Device in Academic Writing: (with special attention to Electronic Engineering research articles) date: 2015-10-15 words: 2542 flesch: 49 summary: Since academic writing is often characterized by high frequency of nominalization, in the hope of providing a new insight into the development of writing for engineering, the present article aims to reveal the importance of the salutary effects of this systemic resource that will put the students and academics on the path of academic excellence. Key words: nominalization, academic writing, rhetorical impact, competence. keywords: academic; engineering; information; language; nominalization; science; verbs; writing cache: armfolangl-4488.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4488.txt item: #94 of 374 id: armfolangl-4491 author: Arustamyan, Ruzanna title: Male Features in the Political Discourse of Female Politicians date: 2015-10-15 words: 3655 flesch: 63 summary: The pronoun “I” is inherent to male politicians, because of their competitive nature, whereas women tend to use the pronoun “we” to show their compassionate and collaborative nature. Although they were in office in different periods of time, we will try to find similar features, which distinguish them from other women politicians. keywords: condoleezza; discourse; folia; male; politicians; rice; speech; thatcher; war; women cache: armfolangl-4491.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4491.txt item: #95 of 374 id: armfolangl-4492 author: Khachikyan, Shushan title: Diminutives as Intimacy Expressions in English and Armenian date: 2015-10-15 words: 2072 flesch: 55 summary: Like English diminutives, Armenian diminutives also convey affection, familiarity and intimacy. English diminutives are not as unique in their extent and variety as Armenian diminutives. keywords: armenian; diminutives; english; language; little; names; suffix cache: armfolangl-4492.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4492.txt item: #96 of 374 id: armfolangl-4493 author: Vanyan, Lusine title: Rhythmic Arrangement of English Academic Discourse: (in comparison with Armenian) date: 2015-10-15 words: 6041 flesch: 55 summary: Compactness and non-linearity of English RS is shaped by compression in the unstressed syllable and final lengthening. Contrastive temporal relations between accented and non-accented syllables, lengthening of mono- and bisyllabic structures, compression of polysyllabic English structures and absence of 6-syllabic structures determine the tendency to isochrony of English RS (Antipova 1984; Cummins 2008). keywords: academic; armenian; english; final; intonation; range; rhythm; structures; syl; syllable; unit cache: armfolangl-4493.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4493.txt item: #97 of 374 id: armfolangl-4494 author: Poghosyan, Ofelya; Ghumashyan, Varduhi title: Promoting Independent Learning date: 2015-10-15 words: 2510 flesch: 56 summary: The students, mostly unaware of the tricks of successful language learning, simply do whatever the teacher tells them to do, having no means to question the wisdom thereof. Thus, in case of independent learning students are required to take responsibility for their learning, they have to understand that a lot of effort and time should be spent in order to achieve a certain goal. keywords: language; learners; learning; process; responsibility; students; teaching cache: armfolangl-4494.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4494.txt item: #98 of 374 id: armfolangl-4495 author: Arakelyan, Tsovinar title: Interference Error Analysis in EFL Class date: 2015-10-15 words: 2709 flesch: 52 summary: Native language is the learners’ prior linguistic system upon which they organize the new linguistic data. Similarly, second language learning involves the process of trial-and-error, typical of first language acquisition. keywords: armenian; errors; interference; language; learner; learning; system cache: armfolangl-4495.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4495.txt item: #99 of 374 id: armfolangl-4496 author: Barseghyan, Zori title: The Development of the Basic Approaches to Teaching Writing date: 2015-10-15 words: 2131 flesch: 66 summary: In short, process approaches are identical to task-based learning where learners are given freedom within the task, concentrating on the “ways” the task is accomplished rather than on the product (the finished text). The Development of the Basic Approaches to Teaching Writing Zori Barseghyan Yerevan Bryusov State University of Languages and Social Sciences Abstract The variety of methodological approaches can contribute to developing the optimal model of teaching writing in higher linguistic universities since implementing only one approach in writing process is unfruitful. keywords: approach; genre; process; product; teaching; writing cache: armfolangl-4496.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4496.txt item: #100 of 374 id: armfolangl-4497 author: Stotesbury, John A. title: Detecting a Literary Future in the Historical Past: The Gibraltar Case date: 2015-10-15 words: 5190 flesch: 56 summary: In addition, as the authors themselves have indicated in interview, Benady’s primary interest has been in “Gibraltar history and forensic and medical detail,” while Chiappe’s has been in the “social history of the period”9, aims that find their focus in and through Bresciano’s role as an increasingly observant, investigative Gibraltarian citizen. A telling moment in my recent email interview with the authors is contained in another chance observation of Sam Benady’s when he suggests that a secondary aim of their writing, from his perspective, has been “to bring Gibraltar history to our reading public,” modestly adding in parentheses “(mostly Gibraltarian!)”. keywords: benady; bresciano; chiappe; community; crime; fiction; gibraltar; gibraltarian; history; literary; literature; writing cache: armfolangl-4497.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4497.txt item: #101 of 374 id: armfolangl-4500 author: Gasparyan, Seda title: A Valuable Publication date: 2015-10-15 words: 1385 flesch: 35 summary: Accepting the traditionally established idea of tropes as based on transferred meaning and actualized not only in words, but also phrases, sentences and texts, the author studies metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony as models of excellence among tropes, defines them as master tropes (in K. Burke’s terms) and makes a successful attempt to bring out their metatextual potential in discourse. Moreover, the power of the author’s investigative mind and her insight into poetic language stimulate her conviction of going beyond the Vichian tetrad and adding other tropes to it. keywords: author; language; metaphor; tropes cache: armfolangl-4500.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4500.txt item: #102 of 374 id: armfolangl-4501 author: Gotti, Maurizio title: Conversation and Argumentation in Boyle’s Scientific Dialogue date: 2014-10-15 words: 6919 flesch: 57 summary: Key words: scientific dialogue, Robert Boyle, The Sceptical Chymist, 17th-century England, conversational features, argumentative strategies, treatise. A confirmation of the mainly critical attitude taken throughout this work is provided by Boyle himself, when he makes his main character assert that “’tis not so much [his] present Talk to make assertions as to suggest doubts” (p.356).2 Boyle is fully aware that his suppositions and intuitions cannot yet aspire to the consistency and reliability of sound theoretical principles. keywords: argumentative; author; boyle; carneades; characters; choice; chymist; dialogue; eleutherius; english; fact; features; folia; form; way; work cache: armfolangl-4501.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4501.txt item: #103 of 374 id: armfolangl-4502 author: Sahakyan, Lilit title: The Multifaceted Nature of Legal English date: 2014-10-15 words: 4204 flesch: 59 summary: 1.qxd The Multifaceted Nature of Legal English Lilit Sahakyan Yerevan Gladzor University Abstract It is beyond suspicion that legal English stands as a sublanguage of paramount inter- national importance. The extralinguistic basis of legal English has nowadays been extended embracing conflict of overall international-social, political (both foreign and home) interests. keywords: english; features; french; language; lat; law; lawyers; nature; phrases; terms; use; words; ï³ý cache: armfolangl-4502.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4502.txt item: #104 of 374 id: armfolangl-4503 author: Khachatryan, Robert title: Linguistic and Semantic Aspects of Causation in Legal Reasoning in Modern English date: 2014-10-15 words: 6930 flesch: 59 summary: Often, legal cause is the factual or direct cause of harm. Introduction The notion of legal language is a key feature of the broader intersection between lan- guage and legal studies. keywords: action; causal; causation; causative; cause; change; e.g.; effect; event; instigator; language; linguistic; nexus; result; verb cache: armfolangl-4503.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4503.txt item: #105 of 374 id: armfolangl-4504 author: Tonyan, Marika title: Author’s “Ego” in “The Ballad of the Reading Gaol” date: 2014-10-15 words: 3765 flesch: 68 summary: 1.qxd Author’s “Ego” in “The Ballad of the Reading Gaol” Marika Tonyan Yerevan State University Abstract Oscar Wilde’s poem “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” contains various narrative per- spectives which convey the author’s and the protagonist’s points of view. About the Poem “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” was written by Oscar Wilde in exile in France, after his release from Reading Gaol in 1897. keywords: author; man; narrator; poem; point; reading; subject; text; view; wilde cache: armfolangl-4504.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4504.txt item: #106 of 374 id: armfolangl-4506 author: Mkhitaryan, Yelena; Vardanyan, Mary title: Constructions with Reflexive and Reciprocal Verbs in English and Armenian date: 2014-10-15 words: 2827 flesch: 72 summary: The linguist argues that construc- tions with reflexive verbs preserve the meaning of reflexivity even when they occur without reflexive pronouns (Lyons 1978:383). Reflexive verbs show actions occurring within the same entity; reciprocal verbs indicate actions that are reciprocated by two or more entities (participants). keywords: armenian; english; pronouns; reflexive; reflexivity; sentence; verbs cache: armfolangl-4506.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4506.txt item: #107 of 374 id: armfolangl-4507 author: Matevosyan, Armine; Alimyan, Marine title: Homophonic Pun in “Alice in Wonderland” in English and Armenian date: 2014-10-15 words: 2411 flesch: 78 summary: Key words: pun (paronomasia), word play, humor, homophonic pun. The research reveals that L. Carroll uses a great array of homophonic pun which reveals the quintessential feature of the work, i.e. humor. keywords: alice; armenian; chapter; homophonic; pun; puns; translation; word; ²éçëá cache: armfolangl-4507.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4507.txt item: #108 of 374 id: armfolangl-4508 author: Sargsyan, Mariana title: The Role of the Key Images in the Creation and Enhancement of the Pragmatic Potential of the Text date: 2014-10-15 words: 3023 flesch: 55 summary: In line with our research goals, with the account of internal and external factors underlying the choice and application of language units, the pragmatic and pragmastylistic potential of the chosen units in the creation and enhancement of text pragmatics is revealed. As far as the catego- ry of text is concerned we can define text pragmatics as the expression of relations between the author and the reader and their attitude toward a certain piece of information that is contained in the text. keywords: author; communication; images; language; means; pragmatics; research; text; text pragmatics; ï³ý cache: armfolangl-4508.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4508.txt item: #109 of 374 id: armfolangl-4510 author: Arustamyan, Ruzanna title: The Manifestation of Gender Peculiarities in Political Discourse date: 2014-10-15 words: 3307 flesch: 62 summary: Sometimes female politicians try to cross these limits – this is conditioned by the fact that female political leaders tend to preserve and defend their positions by imi- tating masculine manners of speech. She speaks very emotionally which is typical of female speech and shares the sorrow of four American families. keywords: behaviour; clinton; gender; hillary; male; obama; speech; speeches; use; women cache: armfolangl-4510.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4510.txt item: #110 of 374 id: armfolangl-4512 author: Ohanyan, Marianna title: The Functional Value of Proper Nouns in Medical Texts date: 2014-10-15 words: 2372 flesch: 57 summary: Medical eponyms are often attached to the people who made the discovery. In fact, the ceaseless proliferation and endless semantic fusion and differentiation of medical terms have created a variety of problems. keywords: disease; eponyms; language; names; nouns; speech; syndrome; term; terminology; words cache: armfolangl-4512.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4512.txt item: #111 of 374 id: armfolangl-4513 author: Golysheva, Valentina title: Intercultural Language Competence and Business Communication date: 2014-10-15 words: 2267 flesch: 71 summary: Situational language/speech etiquette – It’s indisputable that the task of a teacher of a foreign language is to examine the extent to which language communities differ in their application of politeness principle (PP) So one of the challenging issues for Russian students within an English context is investigating disparities in language use. keywords: english; imperatives; language; politeness; russian; speech; strategy; students; ûáõý cache: armfolangl-4513.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4513.txt item: #112 of 374 id: armfolangl-4514 author: Matevosyan, Armine; Hovakimian, Nazeny title: The Semiotic Interpretation of Joan Miro’s World of Signs date: 2014-10-15 words: 3072 flesch: 71 summary: Joan Miro Abstract The following article is devoted to the semiotic interpretation of some paintings by an outstanding Catalonian artist, Joan Miro. We shall draw your attention to some paintings by an outstanding Catalonian artist Joan Miro and try to understand the nature of his art by means of not only artistic signs, i.e. the symbols used in paintings, but also which is mostly important for our research, through linguistic signs, words used in his own descriptions of his art and his pictures. keywords: art; folia; joan; language; life; miro; semiotics; signs; visual; works; world cache: armfolangl-4514.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4514.txt item: #113 of 374 id: armfolangl-4515 author: Locatelli, Angela title: Reading Literature: An Ethical Gesture in the Postmodern Context? date: 2014-10-15 words: 4793 flesch: 56 summary: This contribution wishes to investigate the issue of ethics and literature in the postmodern context, with reference to contemporary philosophy and literary theory and aims to propose that Postmodern culture still needs complex literature, and (the pro- motion of) appropriate hermeneutic skills to deal with it. Rather than settling with the mainstream reductive mar- ket view of literature as escapism and entertainment, or as a straightforward politically correct message, we should, as academics, promote the enjoyment of complex literature, to voice alter- natives to the predictable and mechanical relationships and subjectivities that are promoted by techno-corporate interests (cf. keywords: badiou; culture; ethics; language; literature; new; politics; press; reading; studies; university cache: armfolangl-4515.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4515.txt item: #114 of 374 id: armfolangl-4516 author: Kojoyan, Ani title: Damnable Lives? The Inter-Textual Relations between Marlowe’s “Doctor Faustus” and “The English Faust” Book date: 2014-10-15 words: 4385 flesch: 71 summary: The Inter-Textual Relations between Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus and the English Faust Book Ani Kojoyan Yerevan State University Abstract Christopher Marlowe’s play Doctor Faustus is a problematic work in regards to the issues of its date and authorship, but one thing can be stated with certainty: it was inspired by The History of the Damnable Life and Deserved Death of Doctor John Faustus which is commonly known as the English Faust Book. The date of translation of the EFB is also of paramount importance to determine the date of Doctor Faustus. keywords: book; doctor; doctor faustus; efb; english; faustus; hell; marlowe; play; source; text cache: armfolangl-4516.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4516.txt item: #115 of 374 id: armfolangl-4517 author: Hayroyan, Diana title: The Interpretation of Metamorphosis as a Narrative Device in George MacDonald’s Fairy Tales date: 2014-10-15 words: 2948 flesch: 74 summary: 1.qxd The Interpretation of Metamorphosis as a Narrative Device in George MacDonald’s Fairy Tales Diana Hayroyan Yerevan State University Abstract The following article is an attempt to study metamorphosis as a narrative device in Scottish fairy tale writer George MacDonald’s fairy tales. Metamorphosis in The Princess and Curdie MacDonald takes up the theme of metamorphosis in the next fairy tale The Princess and Curdie which is the sequel of the previous one. keywords: fairy; goblin; grandmother; hair; macdonald; metamorphosis; narrative; princess; tale cache: armfolangl-4517.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4517.txt item: #116 of 374 id: armfolangl-4518 author: Giorgi, Alessandra; Haroutyunian, Sona title: On the Temporal and Aspectual Value of Modern Eastern Armenian Aorist: A Comparative Perspective date: 2014-10-15 words: 8958 flesch: 68 summary: For instance, Giorgi and Pianesi (1997) argue that this is a universal characteristic of present verbal forms, and that the lexically realized morphemes, which might occasionally surface in association with the present tense, have always an aspectual value, and not a temporal one, as we briefly dis- cuss below. We do not consider here the properties and distribution of other temporal forms in MEA, such as the present and past perfect and the imperfect. keywords: aorist; armenian; aspectual; case; english; event; following; form; future; giorgi; hours; interpretation; italian; past; perfect; pianesi; present; properties; sentence; tense cache: armfolangl-4518.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4518.txt item: #117 of 374 id: armfolangl-4519 author: Gasparyan, Naira title: T.E. Lawrence’s Idea on How to Solve the Armenian Question date: 2014-10-15 words: 3176 flesch: 62 summary: Particularly, through a minute cultural and linguostylistic analysis, we have made an attempt to establish Lawrence’s perception of Young Turks, and the Armenians who were slaughtered by the Turks because of their ethnicity. Key words: cultural perceptions, linguostylistic analysis, Young Turks, Armenians, perfect massacre. keywords: armenians; author; folia; lawrence; nations; races; turks; work cache: armfolangl-4519.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4519.txt item: #118 of 374 id: armfolangl-4530 author: Georgieva, Valentina title: Synonymy in English and Bulgarian Military Terminology: (a contrastive study) date: 2013-10-15 words: 5457 flesch: 56 summary: This process is still continuing and leads to the absence of unification of military terms among native English military speakers, not to mention the whole international military community who use English as the main means for com- munication during international operations and initiatives. Some exam- ples of the symbolic representation of military terms are: minelayer: contact: escort: medical unit: Conclusions All of the above considerations and examples prove the existence of numerous syn- onyms in English and Bulgarian Military terminology (including terms related to peace- keeping) despite the attempts for their unification and standardization. keywords: bulgarian; english; examples; folia; group; meaning; military; nato; preferred; russian; synonyms; terminology; terms; words; абвр; трмо cache: armfolangl-4530.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4530.txt item: #119 of 374 id: armfolangl-4531 author: Arakelyan, Rouzanna; Sahakyan, Margarita title: Gender Differences in Perceiving Advertising Texts date: 2013-10-15 words: 4337 flesch: 65 summary: Men and women perceive the reality and respond to it differently, so gender has a sig- nificant impact on the way we communicate. It is not by chance that women require a clear product or pocket of text for their eyes to land on, while men will respond to the given images instantaneously. keywords: adjectives; ads; advertisements; advertising; beauty; gender; language; product; use; women cache: armfolangl-4531.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4531.txt item: #120 of 374 id: armfolangl-4532 author: Sargsyan, Mariana title: Utilization of Key Images toward Enhancing Text Informativeness date: 2013-10-15 words: 3073 flesch: 56 summary: As far as the interpretation of the image-symbol is concerned it is worth mentioning that symbolic images do not easily yield to interpretation; here it can even be stated that in terms of the number of interpretations symbolic images are polysemantic. As far as the interaction between the reader and the text is concerned, informative- ness of text units may rise or fall depending on the reader’s average level of background knowledge shared with that of the writer. keywords: image; information; informativeness; reader; reality; symbol; text; writer cache: armfolangl-4532.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4532.txt item: #121 of 374 id: armfolangl-4533 author: Tigranyan, Lilit title: Variability of Punctuation Marks in English date: 2013-10-15 words: 1614 flesch: 62 summary: Not only primary punctuation marks, but also punctuation marks belonging to the periphery of punctuation, typographical signs and formula are excessively employed in scientific prose, which enables the author to make the material presented more illustrative. Punctuation marks form a semiotic system, which is a means of adequate organiza- tion of a written text. keywords: brackets; drama; punctuation; text cache: armfolangl-4533.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4533.txt item: #122 of 374 id: armfolangl-4534 author: Khachatryan, Robert title: On Semantic Patterns of “Kill–Verbs” in Modern English date: 2013-10-15 words: 4640 flesch: 68 summary: Considering the variety of features of English causative verbs, there can be many potential criteria for classifications. Moreover, the same general definition of to cause to die can be denoted by different verbs, like to mur- der, to massacre, to assassinate, etc. 3. keywords: action; agent; bnc; cause; example; kill; meaning; murder; verb cache: armfolangl-4534.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4534.txt item: #123 of 374 id: armfolangl-4535 author: Khandanyan, Siranush; Mardoyan, Liza title: Functional-Communicative Study of Adversative and Causal Discourse Markers date: 2013-10-15 words: 2633 flesch: 57 summary: In order to understand the communicative nature of adversative discourse markers it becomes necessary and essential to examine the number of ways that conceptualize the inter- play between viewpoints in language use and language structure. Layout 1.qxd Functional-Communicative Study of Adversative and Causal Discourse Markers Siranush Khandanyan, Liza Mardoyan Yerevan State University W ithin the framework of the following article we will focus on the peculiarities of English adversative and causal discourse markers (DMs), mainly their func- tional and communicative study. keywords: adversative; causal; discourse; dms; markers; study cache: armfolangl-4535.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4535.txt item: #124 of 374 id: armfolangl-4536 author: Hayrapetyan, Nune title: The Role of the Article in the Semantic Interpretation of the Antecedent in Attributive Clauses date: 2013-10-15 words: 2703 flesch: 61 summary: Thus definitization ensures the conversion of constituent indefinite articles to definite sta- tus which embraces three types of definite articles: anaphoric (within a sentence), definite description with relative clause, and non-linguistically anaphoric (contextual). According to Huddleston (1971) relative clauses are characterized by the presence in their remote structure of an element that is co-referential with a preceding element, its antecedent. keywords: antecedent; article; brother; clause; non; sentence cache: armfolangl-4536.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4536.txt item: #125 of 374 id: armfolangl-4537 author: Martirosyan, Naira; Ghazaryan, Tatev title: Modal Adverbs Used as Hedges in Research Articles date: 2013-10-15 words: 2932 flesch: 59 summary: What is more, the use of hedges may have provocative influence, for on the one hand such hedges as possibly, maybe, admittedly somehow signal the writer’s perhaps limited knowledge, while on the other hand, hedges like certainly, undoubtedly emphasize the commitment over what would be indicated by a simple declarative in English. These results quite clearly indicate that modal adverbs are used slightly more fre- quently in linguistic articles than in economic articles and that physics articles had the lowest frequency of occurrence of hedges. keywords: adverbs; articles; hedges; hedging; modal; modality; palmer cache: armfolangl-4537.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4537.txt item: #126 of 374 id: armfolangl-4538 author: Arakelyan, Rouzanna; Hovakimyan, Lilit title: The Main Features of Electronically Mediated Communication date: 2013-10-15 words: 3846 flesch: 66 summary: Waseleski, C. (2006) Gender and the Use of Exclamation Points in Computer- Armenian Folia AnglistikaLinguistics 87 Mediated Communication: An Analysis of Exclamations Posted to Two Electronic Discussion Lists. Acronyms and initialisms 1 happen to be the most common and actu- al types of abbreviations EMC is flooded with. keywords: communication; emc; etc; fact; internet; language; time; use; words cache: armfolangl-4538.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4538.txt item: #127 of 374 id: armfolangl-4539 author: Madoyan, Narine title: The Language of Synchronous and Asynchronous Interactions of EMC date: 2013-10-15 words: 1351 flesch: 65 summary: Analyzing characteristic features of email language many scientists see its similarity with the language of a formal letter (Crystal 2005). The analysis of chat language testifies to the frequent usage of acronyms by repre- sentatives of numerous and different chat rooms. keywords: communication; email; language; letter cache: armfolangl-4539.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4539.txt item: #128 of 374 id: armfolangl-4540 author: Harutyunyan, Nona title: Hedging in Modern English date: 2013-10-15 words: 3008 flesch: 51 summary: Besides, an attempt will be made to find out in what fields of academic papers hedges are more pronounced as well as to illustrate whether there are any fields where the use of hedges is excluded. They illustrated Skelton’s analysis which suggests that the skillful use of hedges, which requires subtlety and sophistication even in the mother tongue is clearly part of a language user’s pragmatic com- petence, lack of which may lead in foreign language use to mistakes that are more seri- ous that, for example, grammatical errors. keywords: discourse; hedges; hedging; language; markkanen; papers; use cache: armfolangl-4540.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4540.txt item: #129 of 374 id: armfolangl-4541 author: Ghaltakhchyan, Siranoush title: Online Petition as a Type of Persuasive Discourse date: 2013-10-15 words: 5561 flesch: 53 summary: Thus, online petitions are one of the Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics 100 boldest manifestations of persuasive attempts in our Internet-driven world to control and direct public opinion, to call for change (Earl & Kimport 2011). The present article is an attempt to show that the persuasive processes of logos, pathos, and ethos are well amplified in online petitions. keywords: argument; audience; government; means; message; people; persuasion; petition; reader; way; words cache: armfolangl-4541.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4541.txt item: #130 of 374 id: armfolangl-4542 author: Kirakosyan, Tatevik title: Verbal vs Non-Verbal Means of Expressing Emotion in CMC date: 2013-10-15 words: 3783 flesch: 65 summary: Emotions are always situational and cognitive, that’s why the choice of linguistic functions always depends on a situation, taking into consideration the fact that there exist at least two functions of expressing emotions: body language and the language of words. Expressing emotions, even negative emotions, is natural. keywords: cmc; communication; emotions; f2f; information; people; person; sadness cache: armfolangl-4542.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4542.txt item: #131 of 374 id: armfolangl-4543 author: Poghosyan, Ofelya title: Utilization of Metaphor as a Method of Language Teaching date: 2013-10-15 words: 2240 flesch: 64 summary: A convenient short-hand way of capturing this view of metaphor is the following: conceptual domain (A) is conceptual domain (B), which is what is called conceptual metaphor (Kövecses 2002). In conclusion, in the present article an attempt was made not only to focus the readers’ attention on the cognitive function of metaphor, but also to show that the use of metaphors, metaphorical expressions can serve as a certain method in the language teaching process. keywords: domain; metaphor; reading; terms cache: armfolangl-4543.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4543.txt item: #132 of 374 id: armfolangl-4544 author: Harutyunyan, Gohar; Hovhannisyan, Margarit title: Gender from Sociocultural Perspective date: 2013-10-15 words: 3916 flesch: 70 summary: So, we can assume that tag questions are an inseparable part of female speech in English, while their occurrence is not common by Armenian women. It’s typical of female speech to use a great number of intensifying adverbs next to the adjectives to emphasize the meaning of the sentence and the frankness of their utterance. keywords: armenian; english; julia; lakoff; speech; use; women cache: armfolangl-4544.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4544.txt item: #133 of 374 id: armfolangl-4545 author: Harutyunyan, Narine title: Perception of the World through the Prism of Culture date: 2013-10-15 words: 1778 flesch: 63 summary: The inability to combine “jigsaw pieces” during cross-linguistic contacts, to visualize an object denoted by a word leads to incorrect reference and erroneous transla- tions of cultural realia. During cross-cultural contacts a clash of two worldviews takes place. keywords: culture; language; person; world; worldview cache: armfolangl-4545.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4545.txt item: #134 of 374 id: armfolangl-4546 author: Yeghiazaryan, Gayane title: The Concept “Modesty” in the Context of British, American and Armenian Cultural Identity date: 2013-10-15 words: 2645 flesch: 49 summary: Armenian modesty, bordering with timidity, suggests that modesty is more necessary for women than for men. In American English modesty is mainly opposed to wearing gorgeous clothes and too few clothes, and aims at prevention of desire, disgust, shame, or disapproval (Laver 1969:79-114). keywords: american; armenian; british; concept; culture; identity; modesty; self cache: armfolangl-4546.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4546.txt item: #135 of 374 id: armfolangl-4547 author: Harutyunyan, Gohar; Baldryan, Susanna title: Conflict Management in Interpersonal Communication date: 2013-10-15 words: 5055 flesch: 61 summary: The traditional five-style model of conflict management was suggested by K.W. Thomas, and This type of conflict management affects the relationship quality; as it creates a kind of emotional and psychological tension in the relationship. keywords: armenian; collectivistic; conflict; culture; gavin; management; patricia; relationship; studies; style; women cache: armfolangl-4547.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4547.txt item: #136 of 374 id: armfolangl-4548 author: Matevosyan, Armine; Mardoyan, Liza title: On the Semiotic Interpretation of the Epic Poems “David of Sassoon” and “Beowulf” date: 2013-10-15 words: 2577 flesch: 69 summary: Thus, epic poems become the ultimate achievements of the folklore, hence they are the mirror of national identity. In fact all these semiotic features find their realization in epic poems where three lines of development are noticed; the notion, the very idea of world creation (people’s precon- ceived idea about nature) and supernatural energy. keywords: beowulf; david; heroes; mher; poems; sassoon; sign cache: armfolangl-4548.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4548.txt item: #137 of 374 id: armfolangl-4549 author: Madoyan, Gohar title: In Defense of the Author* date: 2013-10-15 words: 2527 flesch: 66 summary: In fact, by denying the role of biographical evidence in the process of text interpretation we cast doubt on thousands of studies that aimed to decipher the hidden meaning of the works of various authors. His role in the process of text interpretation was often decisive. keywords: author; barthes; interpretation; literature; text; works cache: armfolangl-4549.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4549.txt item: #138 of 374 id: armfolangl-4550 author: Dalalyan, Manana; Mkrtchyan, Hasmik title: Paradoxes in O. Wilde’s “The Picture of Dorian Gray” date: 2013-10-15 words: 2157 flesch: 68 summary: Thus we can conclude that our analysis shows that paradoxes used in O. Wilde’s “The Picture of Dorian Gray” are full of charm and wit. Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray is itself a critique of the ideals put forth by Aestheticism. keywords: art; dorian; paradox; paradoxes; wilde cache: armfolangl-4550.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4550.txt item: #139 of 374 id: armfolangl-4551 author: Kojoyan, Ani title: Inter-Textual Relations between Reginald Scot’s “The Discoverie of Witchcraft” and Shakespeare’s “Macbeth” date: 2013-10-15 words: 3119 flesch: 68 summary: And finally, Scot denies definitely the existence of witches and witch stories when he writes: “But what sorts of witches so ever M. Mal. The witches have a dual nature in the play: they are old and poor, but at the same time they dance and sing happily and actively around the cauldron; they are village witches who are endowed with features of the continental witchcraft characters and not only of the English ones; they make prophecies which can be understood or interpreted in terms of failure or success, truth or lie; they “should be women” and yet their beards give a basis for hesitation. keywords: macbeth; play; scot; shakespeare; witch; witchcraft; witches cache: armfolangl-4551.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4551.txt item: #140 of 374 id: armfolangl-4552 author: Ayvazyan, Armen title: A RESPONSE To Everett L. Wheeler’s Review of “The Armenian Military in the Byzantine Empire: Conflict and Alliance under Justinian and Maurice” (Alfortville: Sigest, 2012) date: 2013-10-15 words: 6813 flesch: 48 summary: He reasons that “Avnik, without prominence in Armenian sources, is an unlikely kalak (city) in a largely un-urbanized Armenia.” There were hundreds of fortresses in ancient and medieval Armenia, and it should not be surprising that dozens of them were mentioned in Armenian sources centuries after their foundation, or that the written historical records regarding many of them have not reached us at all.17 Such lack of historical evidence is partly due to the fact that scores of Armenian classic and medieval texts have been destroyed during numerous foreign inva- sions and other national calamities that have befallen upon Armenia.18 keywords: armenian; avnik; battle; book; byzantine; empire; folia; history; military; procopius; review; roman; sources; studies; wheeler cache: armfolangl-4552.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4552.txt item: #141 of 374 id: armfolangl-4553 author: Dąbrowska, Marta title: Gender and Positive Politeness in Facebook Communication date: 2012-10-15 words: 8124 flesch: 65 summary: Another, seemingly unimportant feature, which, however, was found only in the wishes offered by women (apart from other speech acts analysed) was the use of the traditional x or xxx as a symbol of a kiss – they were found in as many as 12 posts expressing wishes written by women, but in none whatsoever among those written by men (cf. In a similar way, praising people for what they are like as people (not just their Armenian Folia AnglistikaLinguistics 13 looks) may lie more in the domain of women, hence the two additional comments offered by female Facebook users, viz. keywords: expressions; facebook; hope; language; politeness; posts; speech; thanks; wishes; women cache: armfolangl-4553.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4553.txt item: #142 of 374 id: armfolangl-4554 author: Tonyan, Marika title: I-Narration: Revealing Narrator’s Selfhood date: 2012-10-15 words: 2525 flesch: 64 summary: [Esmé]: “…I prefer stories about squalor.” “About what?” According to the narrative mode – the set of methods that the author of a literary text uses to relate the plot to the addressee – different types of texts can be distinguished, the most common being the first- and third-person modes of narration. keywords: esmé; narration; narrator; person; story cache: armfolangl-4554.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4554.txt item: #143 of 374 id: armfolangl-4556 author: Khamesian, Minoo title: The Introduction of Academic Articles on Civil Engineering and Its Linguostylistic Analysis date: 2012-10-15 words: 3672 flesch: 50 summary: In other words, general scientific words remain general only in the sense that they appear to be simple and familiar and can easily be considered as functioning in all registers of speech. On the level of word groups (Lexical-Phraseological word combinations) the use of noun compounds, such as ordinary moment resisting frame; correct join reinforcement; joint core region; brittle failure mechanism, etc. prevails. keywords: analysis; beam; column; frame; moment; plastic; research cache: armfolangl-4556.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4556.txt item: #144 of 374 id: armfolangl-4557 author: Velyan, Karen title: Syntactic Variability in Spoken English Discourse through Age Dimensions date: 2012-10-15 words: 2649 flesch: 72 summary: As far as attributive non- restrictive clauses are concerned, they display tendency to be used far oftener than they are used in the talk of young female speakers. And this is highly relevant to the correlation of syntactical variables with different age groups. keywords: age; conjunction; speakers; use; variables cache: armfolangl-4557.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4557.txt item: #145 of 374 id: armfolangl-4558 author: Chubaryan, Astghik; Karapetyan, Ruzan title: On Some Aspects of Linguistic Economy in English Academic Discourse date: 2012-10-15 words: 1738 flesch: 57 summary: Another point to be considered before getting down to the presentation of the data: linguistic compression is a very broad notion and can be realized on different levels and via various methods. This area has very little been investigated and requires a comprehensive insight, so we looked into the problem of narration effi- ciency both in terms of structural organization of posters and linguistic compression. keywords: compression; constructions; information; posters cache: armfolangl-4558.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4558.txt item: #146 of 374 id: armfolangl-4559 author: Movsisyan, Diana title: Polysemy in Context date: 2012-10-15 words: 3019 flesch: 63 summary: To illustrate the role of polysemy in context we will consider the sound complex light which is often used in speech of all functional styles and can appear to be a noun with different meanings, an adjective with a huge variety of meanings, or a polysemantic verb. It is generally known that most words represent several concepts and thus possessthe corresponding number of meanings. keywords: context; example; handle; light; meaning; polysemy; word cache: armfolangl-4559.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4559.txt item: #147 of 374 id: armfolangl-4560 author: Avakyan, Naira; Nersissyan, Naira title: On Psychological, Semantic and Structural Aspects of English Colour Terms date: 2012-10-15 words: 2545 flesch: 63 summary: The same is true for other colours, e.g. white frost means the frost with snow and rime, which isn’t exactly of white colour (and black frost means frost without snow), white meat means the meat which is easily digested, white heat means extremely great heat. Thus, though the structural pattern of the word-groups red-flower and red tape is identi- cal (A+N), the noun flower may be used in the plural (red flowers), whereas no such change is possible in the phraseological unit red tape; red tapes would then denote tapes of red colour but not bureaucratic methods. keywords: colour; green; red; white; word; yellow cache: armfolangl-4560.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4560.txt item: #148 of 374 id: armfolangl-4561 author: Badalyan, Lilit title: Lexicalization Patterns of English and Armenian Verbs of “Speech Activity” date: 2012-10-15 words: 3431 flesch: 66 summary: The examination of the data also reveals that English verbs encoding manner of speaking outnumber the corresponding Armenian verbs, especially if we take into con- sideration the fact that some Armenian verbs are included in the group with their redu- plicative variants, e.g. ·áé³É/·áé·áé³É, Íí³É/ÍíÍí³É, ×í³É/×í×í³É, Ýí³É/ÝíÝí³É. If we compile the selected verbs into subgroups based on their common semes, namely the semantic component of the type of manner, we see that in one of the groups the num- ber of English and Armenian verbs nearly coincide: these are the verbs that denote the action of “complaining in an annoying way”, such as to whine, to wail, to rant, to grum- Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics 66 ble, to mutter, to snivel in English and ·³Ý·³ïí»É, ÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ, ÙñÙÝç³É, ÙéÃÙéóÉ, ÃÝ·ÃÝ·³É, ïÝù³É in Armenian (about 20 units in both languages), while in many groups the Armenian verbs yield to the English ones in number, e.g. there are more verbs in English to denote the action of “talking about silly, unimportant things” or “speaking quickly or incoherently” (about 20 units) than in Armenian (about 8 units): to twitter, to prattle, to drivel, to prate, to gabble, to burble and μÉμɳÉ, ÍÉíɳÉ, ùã÷ã³É, ß³ï³Ëáë»É, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É, ¹³ï³ñϳμ³Ý»É, ½³é³Ýó»É. As we have already mentioned, the combination of the semantic components may determine the syntactic peculiarities of verbs. For instance, English has path verbs, such as enter, exit, ascend and descend, and verb-framed languages have manner verbs. keywords: action; activity; armenian; english; languages; manner; semantic; speech; verbs; çýã cache: armfolangl-4561.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4561.txt item: #149 of 374 id: armfolangl-4563 author: Mnatsakanyan, Lusine title: Falsehood in Speech and Some Means of Its Expression date: 2012-10-15 words: 2684 flesch: 68 summary: Such lies are required in many cul- tures where saving face is important, and not telling lies to protect others is consid- ered a bad and selfish thing. As a concept, it can not be clearly separat- ed from other lies. keywords: language; lie; lies; lying; statement; truth cache: armfolangl-4563.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4563.txt item: #150 of 374 id: armfolangl-4564 author: Minasyan, Alla title: Pragmatic Aspects of Derivatives Functioning in Fiction date: 2012-10-15 words: 2579 flesch: 50 summary: To draw attention, quite various transformations can take place in the structure of derived words, such as, decomposition, rearrangement, fusion, use of morpheme as an independent word, violation of norms of morphemic compatibility, repe- tition of morphemes of derived word. The mechanism of creation of such words is based on violation of the norms of semantic compatibility of words and derivational compatibility of morphemes. keywords: derivational; intention; linguistic; perception; repetition; text; words cache: armfolangl-4564.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4564.txt item: #151 of 374 id: armfolangl-4565 author: Khachatryan, Robert title: Lexical Causatives in Modern English: On Classification of “Kill–Verbs” date: 2012-10-15 words: 3414 flesch: 61 summary: (BNC 2007:CN3 325) Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics 96 Considering the variety of features of English causative verbs, there can be many potential criteria for classification, which may lead to further elaboration on the classifi- cation suggested in this article. As linguistic data suggest, Modern English employs structured classifications of causative verbs that are already being analyzed from the surface-syntactic and deep-semantic viewpoints. keywords: bnc; causatives; cause; classification; kill; killing; meaning; verbs cache: armfolangl-4565.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4565.txt item: #152 of 374 id: armfolangl-4566 author: Shmavonyan, Gayane; Karapetyan, Lili title: Emotions in the Teaching/Learning Process date: 2012-10-15 words: 2200 flesch: 56 summary: Emotions are undoubtedly connected with good (professional) teaching, which involves positive emotions. Positive emotions can bring about significant changes in behavior and thinking. keywords: emotions; intelligence; language; people; students; teaching cache: armfolangl-4566.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4566.txt item: #153 of 374 id: armfolangl-4567 author: Markaryan, Arus; Avakyan, Naira title: The Cooperative Learning Method in Teaching EFL to Armenian Students date: 2012-10-15 words: 2579 flesch: 60 summary: Students also benefit from CL academically in the sense that there is more of a potential for success when students work in groups. In a lecture format, individual students are called upon to answer a question in front of the entire class without having much time to think about the answer. keywords: cooperative; group; johnson; learning; method; students cache: armfolangl-4567.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4567.txt item: #154 of 374 id: armfolangl-4568 author: Arakelyan, Ruzanna title: On Foreigner Talk date: 2012-10-15 words: 2092 flesch: 55 summary: Native speakers can vary the extent of their modifications within a single conversation, reflecting their changing perception of what the non-native speakers will vary in their ability to engage in foreigner talk (FT) depending on their communicative style or skills and their prior experience of communicating with non-native speakers. Native speakers come to be able to adjust the level of their FT to suit the level of indi- vidual learners in three main ways: • Regression, when native speakers move back through the stages of development that characterized their own acquisition of language until they find an appropriate level. keywords: communication; language; speakers; ungrammatical cache: armfolangl-4568.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4568.txt item: #155 of 374 id: armfolangl-4569 author: Sargsyan, Mariana title: The Problem of Mutual Understanding across Regional Varieties of English date: 2012-10-15 words: 2538 flesch: 55 summary: Let me bring several idioms from informal Australian (Aussie) and New Zealand, which struck me as most explicit in terms of concentrating cultural and national elements: Queen street farmer, widely used in New Zealand, stands for as a pejo- rative term for an investor in rural land with no knowledge of land use; up the Puhoi, which means far from civilization, or simply a faraway point, originating from the river named “Puhoi” passing just the north of Auchland; Armenian Folia Anglistika Culture Studies 116 little Aussie battle, which stands for a person who works hard to make ends meet, someone who is doing it tough and does not whinge, originat- ing from Henry Lawson’s story, where the author categorizes people into 3 classes: the rich, the poor, the battlers); miserable as a bandicoot, stands for an extremely unhappy person, originating from the Australian long-faced marsupial bandicoot, which has been given a role in Australian English in similes that suggest unhappiness or some kind of depreciation; Buckley’s chance, equivalent to “No chance at all”, originating from the name of the convict William Buckley, who escaped from Port Phillip in 1803 and lived for 32 years among the aborigines in South Victoria; Clayton’s job, low quality imitation; not the real thing; e.g. a hasty, tempo- rary repair may be only a Clayton’s solution to the problem, originating from the brand-name of an Australian non-alcoholic whisky-flavored beverage. Somehow, walkabout has lately penetrated into British English and has obtained the status of a “stylish” word. keywords: culture; english; language; new; people; varieties; word cache: armfolangl-4569.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4569.txt item: #156 of 374 id: armfolangl-4570 author: Madoyan, Lusine title: Whimperatives across English, Armenian and Russian Cultures date: 2012-10-15 words: 3435 flesch: 66 summary: The use of the so-called whimperatives, extremely common in English culture, is almost unheard of in other European languages (Wierzbicka, Gruyter 2003). Maket 2012 1-2:Layout 1.qxd Whimperatives across English, Armenian and Russian Cultures Lusine Madoyan Yerevan State University T he main aim of the present paper is the study of “whimperatives” and their illocu-tionary forces in modern English and across different cultures. keywords: acts; armenian; culture; english; languages; russian; speech; wierzbicka; стр cache: armfolangl-4570.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4570.txt item: #157 of 374 id: armfolangl-4572 author: Asatryan, Ella title: The Peculiarities of Chronotope in Don DeLillo’s Novel “Falling Man” date: 2012-10-15 words: 3074 flesch: 72 summary: So, in his novel Falling Man Don DeLillo creates a new world, new time which correspond with the concept of terrorism. His first book, Americana, which was published in 1971, was followed by Names (1982), White Noise (1985), Mao II (1991), Cosmopolis (2003), Falling Man (2007), Point Omega (2010) and some other works. keywords: delillo; man; novel; terrorism; time; world cache: armfolangl-4572.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4572.txt item: #158 of 374 id: armfolangl-4573 author: Poghosyan, Syuzanna title: The Characteristic Features of the Academic Fiction Genre date: 2012-10-15 words: 4223 flesch: 70 summary: Therefore reading different novels of this genre one comes across problems of the XX-XXI centuries like plagiarizing, feminism, antifeminism, apartheid policy with its consequences, etc. Summing up, we come to the following important reason why Academic novel has become one of the most meaningful happenings in present day Literature. Academic novels describe life situations in which moral characteristics of the heroes are disclosed and tested. keywords: amis; campus; david; genre; jim; life; man; novel; professor; university; world cache: armfolangl-4573.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4573.txt item: #159 of 374 id: armfolangl-4574 author: Peroomian, Rubina title: The Third-Generation Armenian American Writers Echo the Quest for Self-Identity with the Genocide at Its Core date: 2012-10-15 words: 6322 flesch: 60 summary: A Self-assumed Mission In Rise the Euphrates (1994), Carol Edgarian skillfully blends the facts of the Armenian Genocide and the traumatic experience of the survivor generation with the attractions and fun and multiple opportunities that American culture can offer a third- generation Armenian teenager (Edgarian 1994). In one of her collections of poems titled History’s Twists: The Armenians (2008) she travels through the bumpy roads of Armenian history “with the stories of the desert of Der-el-Zor so long ago” taking her to the labyrinth of “the scrambling Turkish will” showing her the “diaphanous spider web” that is the survival of the nation built on Remembrance.6 One way or another, the entire nation was bearing the effects of victimization. keywords: armenian; generation; genocide; grandmother; history; literature; memory; mother; new; past; press; story; studies; world cache: armfolangl-4574.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4574.txt item: #160 of 374 id: armfolangl-4575 author: Mirzoyan, Hrachik; Gonchar, Natalia title: The Azerbaijani Version of History of National Literature: A Critical Review date: 2012-10-15 words: 11367 flesch: 55 summary: The best samples of folk arts and masters of the poetic word comprising the top of Azerbaijan literature are included in the book. As it is further mentioned, the book presents “the best samples of the folk arts and masters of poetic word, comprising the top of Azerbaijan literature”. keywords: armenian; article; asia; authors; azerbaijan; blood; book; centuries; century; collection; epic; father; folia; language; literature; oguz; people; son; studies cache: armfolangl-4575.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4575.txt item: #161 of 374 id: armfolangl-4577 author: Gasparyan, Gayane title: Why Integrity and not Coherence? date: 2011-10-17 words: 2067 flesch: 48 summary: Thus, according to U. Connor’s definition cohesion is determined by the use of explicit linguistic devices to signal relations between sentences and parts of texts. Anyhow, the terms used to denote the inside and outside relations between the facts described in the text and the reality existing around the text (the out-of-text environment) may be different and numerous in number, though they refer to the same phenomena and determine the same certain types of correlation within the course of their functioning. keywords: coherence; cohesion; integrity; text cache: armfolangl-4577.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4577.txt item: #162 of 374 id: armfolangl-4578 author: Poghosyan, Ofelia title: English as a “Shared Code” for International Scientific Communication date: 2011-10-17 words: 2930 flesch: 57 summary: The words of this text (as in any other intellective text) fall into 3 groups: 1) words of general language; 2) general scientific vocabulary; 3) terms proper. The first group of words - words of general language, comprises such examples as: life, emotion, action, wife, master, etc. Words like sentences, reading, writing, writer, means, etc. can be referred to the sec- ond group that is to say, the units of general scientific vocabulary. keywords: communication; english; function; language; style; text; words cache: armfolangl-4578.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4578.txt item: #163 of 374 id: armfolangl-4581 author: Gasparyan, Naira title: Linguostylistic Peculiarities of US Medical Leaflets date: 2011-10-17 words: 1829 flesch: 46 summary: Although medical leaflets are meant for masses and not specifically for medical peo- ple, the amount of terms is still high here, but as compared to the literature specifically oriented towards medical professionals, the number of terms in leaflets is relatively low. Being a medical official document, leaflet texts are deprived of emo- tional-evaluative overtones. keywords: drug; information; leaflets; medical; text cache: armfolangl-4581.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4581.txt item: #164 of 374 id: armfolangl-4582 author: Baghdasaryan, Susanna title: On Language Determinism and Relativity date: 2011-10-17 words: 1688 flesch: 57 summary: Language, i.e. communicative competence (our expanded definition of language), reflects and reinforces a particular view we hold of the world. And if this is so, other languages convey dif- fering visions of that same world (relativity).This theory, known as the Sapir-Whorfian hypothesis, raises intriguing issues related to cross-cultural effectiveness (Steinfatt 1989; Whorf 1956). keywords: communication; competence; culture; language; words cache: armfolangl-4582.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4582.txt item: #165 of 374 id: armfolangl-4584 author: Israyelyan, Stella title: Structural-Semantic Analysis of English Proverbs with “Smile” date: 2011-10-17 words: 2131 flesch: 74 summary: We share A.V. Koonin’s opinion and state that proverbs and sayings must be stud- ied on word level. To make the respective statement more general, it must be stated that most proverbs are based on a metaphor. keywords: language; man; proverbs; smile cache: armfolangl-4584.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4584.txt item: #166 of 374 id: armfolangl-4585 author: Vardanyan, Irina title: Metonymic Similes in Newspaper Film Reviews date: 2011-10-17 words: 1918 flesch: 65 summary: According to Legget the most character- istic trait of film review is the announcement of judgments on the acting, story and cin- ematography (Legget 2005). Film review, on the other hand is considered a powerful marketing tool, or word-of-mouth information that has a strong impact on the reader’s decision (Duan, Gu and Whinston 2008). keywords: film; genre; reader; review; reviewer; simile cache: armfolangl-4585.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4585.txt item: #167 of 374 id: armfolangl-4586 author: Karapetyan, Karo ; Nargesy, Heidar title: An Iranian View on Linguistic Competence in Using a Foreign Language: A Survey Among High School Graduates Who Have not Attended Private Language Institutes date: 2011-10-17 words: 3273 flesch: 51 summary: Hymes deems it necessary to distinguish two kinds of competence: linguistic competence that deals with producing and understanding grammatically correct sentences, and communicative competence that deals with producing and understanding sentences that are appropriate and acceptable to a particular situation. Since Hymes revised the idea of communicative competence, a lot of complementa- ry ideas have come up in this regard ; many to define, some to make derivations and a few to criticize. keywords: communication; competence; diagram; language; percentage; result; school; students; teaching cache: armfolangl-4586.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4586.txt item: #168 of 374 id: armfolangl-4587 author: Khamesian, Minoo title: ESP/EAP as a Specific Register of Scientific English date: 2011-10-17 words: 6295 flesch: 56 summary: Regarding Stage Four, Strevens notes that ESP learners who are already established in their professions are like- ly to be more motivated, mature, and demanding. He offers several assumptions regarding ESP which are: time and effort are focused exclusively on learners’ needs; mastery of the target material takes less time; ESP learners are more motivated than learners of general English; both learners and teachers are more satisfied with the results; ESP is more cost-effective. keywords: analysis; english; esp; language; learners; needs; purposes; students; teaching; use cache: armfolangl-4587.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4587.txt item: #169 of 374 id: armfolangl-4588 author: Avakyan, Naira; Markaryan, Arus title: Some Aspects of Computer-Aided Formative and Summative Assessments date: 2011-10-17 words: 1822 flesch: 58 summary: P. Black explaining SA through anal- ogy, stated, “When the cook tastes the soup, that’s formative assessment; when the cus- tomer tastes the soup, that’s summative assessment” (Black 2003). Thus, as we have mentioned above, formative assessment focuses on the process of assessing and using feedback, whereas summative assessment tends to focus on the product. keywords: assessment; computer; learning; students; tests cache: armfolangl-4588.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4588.txt item: #170 of 374 id: armfolangl-4589 author: Gabrielyan, Seda title: Game as Educational Activity: (With Special Reference to W. Saroyan’s “Papa, You’re Crazy”) date: 2011-10-17 words: 5125 flesch: 80 summary: While reading the novel we come across not only games connected with fostering certain mental or language skills, but also lots of activities organized for strengthening physical skills or both together; such as doing some kind of an outdoor activity, i.e. run- ning, walking outside, breathing fresh sea air, riding or throwing football passes - any kind of activities, along with playing new games or thinking about how things are. In fact this game not only contributes to practicing rhyming skills and building up creativity but it also helps to learn new words even by looking them up in the dictionary, which is also helpful as it teaches the kid how to use a dictionary in a correct way. keywords: child; father; game; language; son; thinking cache: armfolangl-4589.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4589.txt item: #171 of 374 id: armfolangl-4591 author: Manukyan, Ani title: Establishing and Developing Critical Thinking in the Courses of Educational Institutions date: 2011-10-17 words: 2099 flesch: 54 summary: Although critical thinking skills can be used in exposing fallacies and bad reasoning, it can also play an important role in cooperative reasoning and constructive tasks. But critical thinking skills are not restricted to a particular subject area. keywords: information; knowledge; learning; skills; thinking cache: armfolangl-4591.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4591.txt item: #172 of 374 id: armfolangl-4592 author: Karapetyan, Marina title: Logic Puzzles as Mental Gymnastics for LSAT Preparation date: 2011-10-17 words: 2282 flesch: 67 summary: The method suggested here is through logic games, with a focus on their specific type commonly referred to as logic grid puzzles. Let us now explore the structure and nature of the LSAT Analytical Reasoning sec- tion and see how logic grid puzzles are related to it and how they could help foster the skills required for this section. keywords: grid; logic; lsat; puzzles; reasoning cache: armfolangl-4592.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4592.txt item: #173 of 374 id: armfolangl-4593 author: Hovsepyan, Gohar title: Discourse Approach to Teaching Language and Communication Skills date: 2011-10-17 words: 2392 flesch: 57 summary: Maket 2011-2:Layout 1.qxd Discourse Approach to Teaching Language and Communication Skills Gohar Hovsepyan Yerevan State University A number of scholars have emphasized the importance of using findings of studieson the performance of speech acts in real-life conversations for teaching lan- guages and communicative competence. However, this complexity has not always been recognized in the teaching of speech acts or functions. keywords: acts; discourse; language; learners; speech; teaching cache: armfolangl-4593.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4593.txt item: #174 of 374 id: armfolangl-4594 author: Harutyunyan, Kristine title: Taboos: Universalities and Differences date: 2011-10-17 words: 1852 flesch: 63 summary: The list of the words written by the informants included words referring to sex, swear words, parts of body, certain diseases, death. While all the above men- tioned three types of taboo words are of wide currency, none of them is an unrestrict- ed universal, since they are governed by social and cultural factors, and arise only in certain environments. keywords: informants; language; taboos; use; words cache: armfolangl-4594.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4594.txt item: #175 of 374 id: armfolangl-4595 author: Harutyunyan, Narine title: Partial Intersection and Discrepancy of Concepts in Cross-Cultural Communication date: 2011-10-17 words: 2051 flesch: 52 summary: If there was a need to single out key American concepts, one could suggest challenge and privacy, the intranslatability of which into Armenian is obvious. That is why key American concepts such as pluralism and diversity often become a stumbling block for Armenian participants, who are not able to relate their own experience with concepts of another culture. keywords: american; armenian; concepts; culture; self; soul; words cache: armfolangl-4595.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4595.txt item: #176 of 374 id: armfolangl-4596 author: Locatelli, Angela title: “The Knowledge of Literature”: or The Special Effects of Literary Discourse date: 2011-10-17 words: 4571 flesch: 56 summary: Maket 2011-2:Layout 1.qxd “The Knowledge of Literature”: or The Special Effects of Literary Discourse Angela Locatelli University of Bergamo “The knowledge of literature” is the central topic dealt with in the eponymousConference Series held at the University of Bergamo from 2001-2011.1 My primary concern in the ensuing volumes was to investigate the question of what sort of knowledge, if any, literature provides, both qua literature, but also in relation to other forms of knowledge (such as philosophy, the hard sciences, the social sciences, psycho- analysis, medicine, religion, history, the visual arts, etc.). Volumes VI and VII in the series specifically deal with literature and science, Vol. keywords: bergamo; conoscenza; della; knowledge; language; letteratura; literature; locatelli; press; university cache: armfolangl-4596.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4596.txt item: #177 of 374 id: armfolangl-4597 author: Lyutskanov, Yordan title: Marginal in/for Literature: Topographical and Rhetorical Aspects date: 2011-10-17 words: 8649 flesch: 52 summary: A marginal note is not only added; the process of dissolution within a text may lead to an expulsion of certain fragments as marginal notes. What I miss and what I fail to conceptualise here is a kind of sociology-free (up to the possible degree) and psychology-free intention-bound, voli- tion-relevant personalist theory of literary marginality. keywords: bulgarian; centre; century; fact; folia; lecture; literature; marginal; marginality; model; page; paper; peripheral; position; school; self; text; work; writing cache: armfolangl-4597.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4597.txt item: #178 of 374 id: armfolangl-4599 author: Galstyan, Anahit; Galstyan, Hayk title: A Sociolinguistic Approach to the Problem of Anglicisms in Armenian date: 2011-10-17 words: 3009 flesch: 55 summary: According to the analyzed data 44.2 % of informants from the USA and 22.8% – from RA claim that it will be immposible to do away with Anglicisms; that the use of the latters can be partially restricted (31.7% USA/42.3% RA); 15.4% of the US resi- dents think that the number of Anglicisms in Armenian speech can be reduced, and only 1% USA residents and 1.9% RA citizens are sure that we can stop using Anglicims. Attitudes in general, and language attitudes in particular, are of consider- able interest to social psychologists, sociologists and sociolinguists. keywords: anglicisms; armenian; attitudes; language; usa; use cache: armfolangl-4599.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4599.txt item: #179 of 374 id: armfolangl-4600 author: none title: On the 20th Anniversary of the Independence of The Republic of Armenia date: 2011-04-15 words: 175 flesch: 40 summary: Many Armenians believe and say 'As we celebrate this monumental turning point in our nation’s history and acknowledge the advances made in nation-building and the preservation of our statehood, we, as a nation, must pledge to uphold the sacred principles outlined in the document and marshal the effort to ensure Armenia’s independence and freedom'. Layout 1.qxd 6 Armenian Folia Anglistika 7 The Republic of Armenia celebrates the 20th anniversary of independence in 2011 On August 23, 2010 Armenia celebrates the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in Armenia. keywords: armenia cache: armfolangl-4600.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4600.txt item: #180 of 374 id: armfolangl-4602 author: none title: Romance and Germanic Philology Faculty date: 2011-04-15 words: 3450 flesch: 44 summary: Due to the enthu- siasm and energy, devoted love for English Studies and academic persistence of the present head Armenian Folia Anglistika Romance and Germanic Philology Faculty 14 of English Philology Chair, Professor Seda Gasparyan, the Chair has become an outstanding cen- tre of English Language Teaching and English Studies, recognized all over Armenia. English Chair No 1 was established as a separate Chair in 1991 and M. Apresyan, PH. keywords: chair; english; faculty; languages; philology; romance; teaching cache: armfolangl-4602.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4602.txt item: #181 of 374 id: armfolangl-4604 author: Paronyan, Shushanik; Rostomyan, Anna title: On the Interrelation between Cognitive and Emotional Minds in Speech date: 2011-04-15 words: 3868 flesch: 56 summary: In this case the act of laughing does not denote the experience of such positive emotions as happiness, joy, delight; instead, it denotes the existence of negative emotions such as sadness, despair, disappointment. Hence, ruled by certain negative emotions, speakers use language units (words, phrases, structures, speech acts) carrying negative implications and, in doing so, they get involved in contradictory types of interaction (conflict talk, quarrel, argumentation, row, etc.) keywords: behaviour; cognition; emotions; mind; press; process; theory; wife cache: armfolangl-4604.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4604.txt item: #182 of 374 id: armfolangl-4605 author: Arakelyan, Rouzanna title: The Psycholinguistic Study of Language Acquisition and Communicative Processes date: 2011-04-15 words: 3222 flesch: 52 summary: If the two are the same, then we need look no furthur than models of first language acquisition for a complete explanation of second language acquisition. In reality second language acquisition is both the same and different from first language acquisition. keywords: acquisition; knowledge; language; language acquisition; learning; processes; use cache: armfolangl-4605.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4605.txt item: #183 of 374 id: armfolangl-4607 author: Madoyan, Narineh title: On Some Linguistic Peculiarities of Internet Slang date: 2011-04-15 words: 2308 flesch: 57 summary: As there is no unani- mously accepted term for this new discourse variety, it is most generally referred to as Internet language or Internet discourse. Being devoid of any paralinguistic features, Internet language may give rise to many misinterpretations. keywords: crystal; internet; language; slang; use cache: armfolangl-4607.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4607.txt item: #184 of 374 id: armfolangl-4608 author: Muradyan, Gayane title: Literality of Metaphor in Science Fiction date: 2011-04-15 words: 1900 flesch: 67 summary: (LeGuin 1993:30) which in an ordinary story is a quite safe sentence to create the image of an artistic nature admiring the beautiful scenery, while in SF narrative the same phrase should be used very carefully as it may be depict- ing a piece of cannibal landscape devouring its victims or a scenery eating the charac- ters. Layout 1.qxd Literality of Metaphor in Science Fiction Gayane Muradyan Yerevan State University T heoretical discussions on Science Fiction (SF) so far have articulated the urgentneed to define this broad literary genre. keywords: fairy; fiction; metaphor; science; world cache: armfolangl-4608.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4608.txt item: #185 of 374 id: armfolangl-4610 author: Khachatryan, Robert title: On Semantic and Syntactic Structures of Sentences with Deadjectival Causative Verbs in Modern English date: 2011-04-15 words: 3341 flesch: 66 summary: Causative verbs under investigation are derived from adjectives by morphological processes and retain semantic and formal correlation with the latter (Nedyalkov and Silnitsky 1969, 1973). Causative verbs expressing changes in volume: to fill - to empty. keywords: cause; meaning; object; semantic; syntactic; valencies; verb cache: armfolangl-4610.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4610.txt item: #186 of 374 id: armfolangl-4611 author: Kuprina, Tamara; Minasyan, Svetlana title: Emotionally Intelligent Leadership in Educational Context date: 2011-04-15 words: 2490 flesch: 51 summary: Armenian Folia Anglistika Methodology 72 M.L. Shankman, S.J. Allen summarize some experience in this sphere in their book (2008:1), admitting that in spite of the numerous definitions of the term “leadership” (Amazon.com - more than 178 000, Google - 269 million), not so many publications are addressed to teaching students leadership skills. As Susan R.Komives (2008: xii ), co-editor of “The Handbook of Student Leadership Program”, says, in college you have a great opportunity to study and use your knowledge and leadership skills in practice. keywords: context; followers; leadership; shankman; skills; students; teaching cache: armfolangl-4611.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4611.txt item: #187 of 374 id: armfolangl-4612 author: Avakyan, Naira title: On Some Peculiarities of Bilingual Children’s Speech Development date: 2011-04-15 words: 1920 flesch: 68 summary: Bilingual children have the advantage of knowing two cultures, of being able to communicate with a wider variety of people, and have possible economic advan- tages in their future. Families, who take the time to consider how their children will develop two languages, and how to make the necessary commitments to bilingual lan- guage development, tend to be more successful in raising bilingual children. keywords: armenian; bilingualism; children; language; parents; second cache: armfolangl-4612.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4612.txt item: #188 of 374 id: armfolangl-4614 author: Harutyunyan, Naira title: How to Avoid Discriminatory Words in Modern English date: 2011-04-15 words: 1727 flesch: 66 summary: Layout 1.qxd How to Avoid Discriminatory Words in Modern English Naira Harutyunyan Yerevan State University W ord usage changes over time, words often come to mean more or less than theyused to. 3. Avoid words that stereotype by race or nationality Nationality and heritage word usage changes with time. keywords: language; man; people; term; use; words cache: armfolangl-4614.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4614.txt item: #189 of 374 id: armfolangl-4616 author: Manukyan, Ani title: Workshop as a Relevant Means of Interactive Teaching date: 2011-04-15 words: 2141 flesch: 63 summary: Teachers as workshop leaders need to understand how people learn in order to fully appreciate and apply new interactive methods of teaching. For learning to occur, workshop leaders need to: • encourage questioning and answering questions from their own experience, • provide a supportive and challenging workshop climate, • do away with any sort of punishment and overlook mistakes, because they create dif- ferences, and differences enable learning. keywords: argument; learners; learning; need; workshop cache: armfolangl-4616.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4616.txt item: #190 of 374 id: armfolangl-4617 author: Keshtegar, Iraj Safaei title: Higher Levels of Discourse and Understanding of Language Use date: 2011-04-15 words: 1905 flesch: 62 summary: The questions had been devised so that students’ understanding through higher levels of discourse (social relationship, shared Armenian Folia Anglistika Methodology 110 knowledge, discourse type, discourse structure, discourse function) could be tested. The experimental group was asked to read the treat- ment (higher levels of discourse) which had been given in Persian. keywords: competence; discourse; language; levels; use cache: armfolangl-4617.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4617.txt item: #191 of 374 id: armfolangl-4618 author: Ghanooni, Ali Reza title: Equivalence in Translation date: 2011-04-15 words: 2656 flesch: 58 summary: Catford’s approach to translation equivalence clearly differs from that adopted by Nida: Catford had a preference for a more linguistic-based approach to translation and this approach is based on the ideas put forward by Firth and Halliday. Catford argues that there are two main types of translation shifts, namely level shifts, where the SL item at one linguistic level (e.g. grammar) has a TL equivalent at a different level (e.g. lexis), and category shifts which are divided into four types: Structure-shifts, which involve a grammatical change between the structure of the ST and that of the TT; Class-shifts, when a SL item is translated with a TL item which belongs to a different grammatical class, i.e. a verb may be translated with a noun; Unit-shifts, which involve changes in rank; Intra-system shifts, which occur when “SL and TL possess systems which approximately correspond formally as to their constitution, but when translation involves selection of a non-corresponding term in the TL system” (ibid.:80). keywords: catford; equivalence; language; text; translation cache: armfolangl-4618.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4618.txt item: #192 of 374 id: armfolangl-4620 author: Chubaryan, Astghik; Sargsyan, Lilit title: Directive Speech Acts: a Cross-Cultural Study date: 2011-04-15 words: 2458 flesch: 61 summary: Hence, every language makes available to the user the same basic set of speech acts, such as requesting, apologizing, declaring, and promising, with the exception of certain culture-specific ritualized acts such as baptizing, doubling at bridge, and excommunicating. Thus, what has been discussed within the frames of the given paper asserts the value of investigation of speech acts in illuminating social language interactions and in helping to be rational and choose the course of action which most effectively and at least cost attains the desired end, no matter what our culture-conditioned attitudes, values and purposes are. keywords: act; addressee; armenian; culture; english; speech cache: armfolangl-4620.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4620.txt item: #193 of 374 id: armfolangl-4622 author: Ayvazyan, Armen title: Byzantine Military Pragmatism vs. Imperial Prejudice: Possible Reasons for Omitting the Armenians from the List of Hostiles in Maurice’s “Strategikon” date: 2011-04-15 words: 4032 flesch: 58 summary: Accordingly, this study focuses on the geopolitical determinant in the con- struction of Armenian images in the imperial strata of Byzantine society. The same motive should have been strengthened by the fact that the Armenians already constituted part of the Byzantine military and political elite: many Byzantine dig- nitaries and field commanders were of Armenian origin. keywords: armenian; empire; history; ibid; justinian; letter; maurice; military; persian; sebeos; studies cache: armfolangl-4622.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4622.txt item: #194 of 374 id: armfolangl-4625 author: Mkhitaryan, Yelena; Sargissyan, Sona title: Alternative Questions in English: (Functional-Pragmatic Analysis) date: 2010-10-15 words: 3158 flesch: 77 summary: Alternative questions imply a choice out of two or more possibilities represented by general questions. Linguistically such alternation is expressed by means of alternative questions. keywords: alternative; example; meaning; mother; new; question; segal cache: armfolangl-4625.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4625.txt item: #195 of 374 id: armfolangl-4627 author: Khandanyan, Siranush title: Existential and Possessive Constructions in English and German date: 2010-10-15 words: 1944 flesch: 68 summary: And as a result the sentences 13.b and 14.b cannot be reformulat- ed as existential constructions es gibt. The primary meaning of existential construction es gibt is found to be that of absolute existence. keywords: constructions; english; existential; german; locative cache: armfolangl-4627.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4627.txt item: #196 of 374 id: armfolangl-4628 author: Avetisyan, Ruzanna title: Comparative Analysis of English Prepositions and Armenian Case Endings date: 2010-10-15 words: 1853 flesch: 69 summary: É» ñ» ÝÇ Ý³Ë ¹Çñ Ý» ñÁ ¨ ѳ Û» ñ» ÝÇ Ñá Éá - í³ Ï³Ý í»ñ ç³ íá ñáõà ÛáõÝ Ý» ñÁ, μ»ñ íáõÙ »Ý û ñÇ Ý³Ï Ý»ñ, á ñáÝó ÑÇ Ù³Ý íñ³ Ý»ñ ϳ - Û³ó íáõÙ ¿ ѳ Û» ñ» As for syntagmatic groupings of functional words, they are essentially analogous to separate functional words and are used as connectors and specifiers of notional elements of various status. keywords: armenian; case; english; prepositions; words cache: armfolangl-4628.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4628.txt item: #197 of 374 id: armfolangl-4630 author: Harutyunyan, Kristine title: Idioms in Colours date: 2010-10-15 words: 2507 flesch: 86 summary: (Galsworthy 92) ²½ ÝÇí Ù³ñ ¹ÇÏ ß³ï Ï³Ý Ódzñ ß³ íÇ ³ë å³ ñ» ½áõÙ, μ³Ûó ùÇã ã»Ý ݳ¨ ëñÇ Ï³ Ý» ñÁ, á ñáÝù åïïíáõÙ (Galsworthy 38) Üñ³ Ùáï ³Ý Ï³ ñ» ÉÇ ¿ñ ÙïÝ»É, ¨ ϳ٠³Û¹ å»ë ¿ÇÝ ³ ëáõÙ ·»ñ ¹³ë ï³ - ÝÇ ³ÛÝ ³Ý ¹³Ù Ý» ñÁ, á ñáÝù ÑÇÝ ëá keywords: armenian; black; blue; colour; galsworthy; idioms; salinger cache: armfolangl-4630.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4630.txt item: #198 of 374 id: armfolangl-4631 author: Ghazaryan, Hasmik title: Phraseological Units with the Component “Heart” Expressing Love and Devotion date: 2010-10-15 words: 3866 flesch: 90 summary: Ýù, áñ áõÃ ï³ ñ» Ï³Ý Ñ³ ë³ ÏáõÙ Ýñ³ ëÇñ ïÁ ë³éÝ ¿ñ (Hugo II:146). Put heart (and soul) in sth. keywords: armenian; heart; love; semantic; units; yerevan; êçñ; ëñïç; ñ»é; ñåðäöå; ý»é cache: armfolangl-4631.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4631.txt item: #199 of 374 id: armfolangl-4633 author: Matevosyan, Armine; Melkonyan, Anna title: Repetition in Walt Whitman’s “A Passage to India” date: 2010-10-15 words: 2543 flesch: 70 summary: Whitman, W. (1982) Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of Walt Whitman. 7 Maket 2010 nor_N:Layout 1.qxd Repetition in Walt Whitman’s ‘‘A Passage to India’’ Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty in words. keywords: fables; lines; poem; poetry; repetition; walt; whitman cache: armfolangl-4633.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4633.txt item: #200 of 374 id: armfolangl-4634 author: Vardanyan, Irina title: Foreign Words and Phrases in Newspaper Film Reviews date: 2010-10-15 words: 2311 flesch: 63 summary: Depending on the degree of adaptation of an originally “alien” word to its new lin- guistic surroundings, linguists distinguish between foreign words and loanwords. The use of foreign words and word combinations in film reviews has direct connec- tion with the peculiarity of the newspaper style. keywords: english; film; newspapers; reader; reviewer; text; words cache: armfolangl-4634.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4634.txt item: #201 of 374 id: armfolangl-4635 author: Kojoyan, Ani title: Stylistic Peculiarities of Contextual Hyperbole in Sherwood Anderson’s “The Book of the Grotesque” and “Godliness” date: 2010-10-15 words: 3618 flesch: 67 summary: Observing instances, when hyperbole is combined with other stylistic devices in the context of Anderson’s short stories, the following types have been distinguished: mixed hyperbole (hyperbole combined with other stylistic means, shaped as instances of simi- le, pun, antonomasia, irony, personification, etc.), non-mixed hyperbole (hyperbole which is not combined with any other stylistic device) and biblical allusive hyperbole. The study of hyperbole in Sherwood Anderson’s shortstories is of great importance as hyperbole is a very powerful stylistic means which favors the formation of the writer’s individual style at the same time emphasizing its peculiarities. keywords: anderson; god; hyperbole; jesse; stories; truth; word cache: armfolangl-4635.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4635.txt item: #202 of 374 id: armfolangl-4636 author: Rostomyan, Anna title: Emotions in Linguistic Behavior date: 2010-10-15 words: 3233 flesch: 60 summary: All living beings have this mechanism of emotion which guides them all the time, acting as a compass, to find favourable situations to survive (those which produce positive emotions) and to move away from those which are thought to be unfavourable for survival (which produce negative emotions). In everyday language we express our emotions with a positive/negative scale and in variable magnitudes with the help of different means of emotive emphasis, such as I feel quite well, I feel well, I feel very well (showing degrees for positive emotions) or I feel quite bad, I feel bad, I feel very bad (showing degrees for negative emotions). keywords: emotions; intensifiers; meaning; means; negative; new; speech; words cache: armfolangl-4636.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4636.txt item: #203 of 374 id: armfolangl-4638 author: Hovhannissyan, Syuzi; Karapetyan, Lili title: Benefits of Implementing Group Work into the EFL Classroom date: 2010-10-15 words: 2302 flesch: 63 summary: Group work (also called cooperative learning, collabo- rative learning, collective learning, group study, etc.) covers a variety of techniques in which two or more students are assigned to do a single task together (Brown 2001). A characteristic proper to group work is that communica- tion is established at two levels: the vertical level (communi- cation between the teacher and the learners), and the horizon- tal level (communication between the learners themselves). keywords: classroom; group; learners; learning; students; work cache: armfolangl-4638.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4638.txt item: #204 of 374 id: armfolangl-4639 author: Markaryan, Arus title: Self-assessment in Foreign Language Teaching date: 2010-10-15 words: 1528 flesch: 66 summary: Self-assessment encourages students to focus on their achievements, rather than com- parisons to other students. Self-assessment involves students making judgments about their own work. keywords: assessment; self; students; teachers; work cache: armfolangl-4639.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4639.txt item: #205 of 374 id: armfolangl-4641 author: Mkhitaryan, Karine title: The Use of Advertisements and Adbusters in the Course of Business English date: 2010-10-15 words: 2342 flesch: 54 summary: The knowledge of the content and functional characteristics of ads helps students not only to read and understand English advertisements but also create them. Advertisement texts can play an important role in teaching Business English, as they are directly related to the business sphere and reflect on the main characteristics of Business English. keywords: advertisements; business; english; language; students cache: armfolangl-4641.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4641.txt item: #206 of 374 id: armfolangl-4642 author: Shmavonyan, Gayane title: Limitations of Machine Translation date: 2010-10-15 words: 2366 flesch: 65 summary: It would not be necessary to know both languages and, consequently, computer translation in such a case would be easy. Even in the 1940th prominent linguist L. Bloomfield acknowledged that “there must be some way around all the difficulties connected with computer translation. keywords: computer; language; machine; text; translation cache: armfolangl-4642.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4642.txt item: #207 of 374 id: armfolangl-4644 author: Gasparyan, Seda title: The Word “Yeghern” and the Semantic Field of Its Equivalence in English date: 2010-10-15 words: 5134 flesch: 51 summary: In other words, the first step is to achieve semantic equivalence. It is through words that one gets to know and to explore the sur- rounding world, that one learns to think, to express one’s thoughts and concerns, emotions and experiences. keywords: armenian; crime; dictionary; english; genocide; language; meaning; semantic; speech; unit; word; yeghern; õ»éý cache: armfolangl-4644.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4644.txt item: #208 of 374 id: armfolangl-4646 author: Mkhitarian, Sargis title: Grigor Narekatsi in the Scope of Levon Shant’s Scientific Interests date: 2010-10-15 words: 2913 flesch: 65 summary: For example Grigor Narekatsi is a classical example of “exactly that kind” of religious fathers who “lived and created in a small monastery situated in front of Lake Van under the protection of his cleric rel- ative Anania Narekatsi” (112). 7 Maket 2010 nor_N:Layout 1.qxd Grigor Narekatsi in the Scope of Levon Shant’s Scientific Interests Great is the service of Nikol Aghbalian and LevonShant in the noble cause of investigating and sys- tematizing old and medieval Armenian literature. keywords: armenian; book; christian; god; human; narekatsi; poet; sha; soul cache: armfolangl-4646.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4646.txt item: #209 of 374 id: armfolangl-4647 author: Asatryan, Karina title: Metrical Relations Between Siamanto’s Poetry and Medieval Armenian Verse date: 2010-10-15 words: 2731 flesch: 61 summary: Siamanto ºë »ÕÏ»ÉÇ Ù³Ñϳݳóáõ, »ë ¹Å·áõÛÝ ïÝï»ë…. The latter poems belong to blank verse and present metrical canons of Armenian syllabic verse. keywords: armenian; feet; form; poems; poetry; siamanto; syllabic; verse cache: armfolangl-4647.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4647.txt item: #210 of 374 id: armfolangl-4648 author: Galstyan, Hayk title: Visualization of Death in Armenian Culture date: 2010-10-15 words: 3296 flesch: 61 summary: Here we trace connections between the crises of death and the formation of memory, the interplay of loss and recovery, the ways Armenian Folia Anglistika Armenological Studies 176 Hayk Galstyan in which memories operate to render present that which is absent, we find concepts of death and memory interwoven intimately. Thus we can agree with the statement that ‘‘if memory and memories are grasped through sets of associations with material structures and objects, this is suggestive of broader social and cultural processes that link persons or subjects with material domains. keywords: armenian; body; death; living; material; memories; memory cache: armfolangl-4648.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4648.txt item: #211 of 374 id: armfolangl-4661 author: Yaghubyan, Marine title: Linguistic Deviation in Business Advertisements date: 2020-10-15 words: 2999 flesch: 59 summary: This article attempts to give a description of language deviations in English advertising, including phonological, graphological, lexical, and grammatical deviation. Thus, we can conclude that among all the linguistic attention-attracting strategies employed in advertisements, language deviation needs special attention because it is regarded as the use of language that violates normal rules. keywords: advertisement; advertising; attention; deviation; issue; language; vol; word cache: armfolangl-4661.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4661.txt item: #212 of 374 id: armfolangl-4662 author: Kochunts, Karine title: Emotions, Thoughts, Words date: 2020-10-15 words: 2958 flesch: 72 summary: In fact emotions and thoughts often overlap: emotions trigger thoughts, thoughts trigger emotions. Microsoft Word - Maket 2020-2(22) (3)-1 (1).doc Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 16, Issue 2 (22), 2020 Linguistics 20 Emotions, Thoughts, Words Karine Kochunts Yerevan State University Abstract The subject of the present research is the subtle and intricate interconnection of human emotions, thoughts and words. keywords: desire; emotion; issue; thoughts; vol; want; words cache: armfolangl-4662.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4662.txt item: #213 of 374 id: armfolangl-4663 author: Hayrapetyan, Zara title: Jeremy Corbyn’s Manipulative Tactics in His Manifesto Launch Speech date: 2020-10-15 words: 5299 flesch: 63 summary: According to ONS, we can see the increase of the economy to its peak in January 2020, which states the unreasonable and misguiding criticism by Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn (). Jeremy Corbyn tends to target the rich in society, because Labour Party represents the working class in the society. keywords: corbyn; jeremy; labour; manifesto; party; people; speech; vol cache: armfolangl-4663.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4663.txt item: #214 of 374 id: armfolangl-4664 author: Barseghyan, Gevorg title: Semantic Groups of Vocabulary in Sports Reports date: 2020-10-15 words: 3236 flesch: 58 summary: The aim of our research is to reveal the characteristic features of sports reports with reference to the vocabulary used, namely – the semantic groups most frequently occurring in sports speech. Thus the study of the forms and the style of sports reports as well as their linguostylistic peculiarities has become an imperative. keywords: issue; language; reports; semantic; sports; vol; words cache: armfolangl-4664.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4664.txt item: #215 of 374 id: armfolangl-4666 author: Gasparyan, Seda title: The Historical Background of the King James Bible date: 2020-10-15 words: 5154 flesch: 55 summary: King James Bible, however, was only the third translation of the Bible into English that gained the approval of the English Church. However, this was not the case three hundred years ago, when the only English Bible accessible to public at large was the King James Version (KIV), otherwise known as the Authorized Version. keywords: bible; church; england; english; geneva bible; james; james bible; king; king james; translation; version cache: armfolangl-4666.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4666.txt item: #216 of 374 id: armfolangl-4667 author: Jadlovský, Tomáš title: Translation of Non-Equivalent Idioms (using English and Russian examples) date: 2020-10-15 words: 4533 flesch: 64 summary: In some extreme cases, even the whole text unit may play a role in translating idioms, if they represent the title of the literary work or the headline of the newspaper article. Introduction The theory and practice of idiom translation is one of the newest areas of linguistic research. keywords: anglistika; article; folia; idiom; issue; meaning; place; russian; studies; target; text; translation; vol cache: armfolangl-4667.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4667.txt item: #217 of 374 id: armfolangl-4668 author: Macciocca, Gabriella title: The History of the Language and the History of the Nation date: 2020-10-15 words: 3809 flesch: 54 summary: Key words: history of language, history of language and history of the nation, history of Italian language, the University Chair of History of Italian language. In order to delineate the scientific physiognomy of the history of the language, we need to examine certain earlier observations made by Migliorini in his Storia della lingua e storia della cultura (History of language and history of culture, 1932), later included in the collection Lingua e cultura (Language and culture, 1948), as well as in numerous radio broadcasts, later included in the collection Conversazioni sulla lingua italiana (Conversations on the Italian language, 1949): Culture Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 16, Issue 2 (22), 2020 109 Language is the main instrument on which civil life is founded, and to know well the national language is, I would say, the primary civic duty (Migliorini 1956: Premise). keywords: anglistika; century; culture; history; issue; italian; language; lingua; migliorini; vol cache: armfolangl-4668.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4668.txt item: #218 of 374 id: armfolangl-4669 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: Hypocricy of the Rich vs Honesty of the Poor in the English Society of the 18$^\text{th}$ Century date: 2020-10-15 words: 4180 flesch: 64 summary: Although she knows she belongs to a social class, different from that of poor Joseph, yet she has her reason and her passion at odds. (p. 25) Not even a week after her husband’s death she invites poor Joseph into her room and talks with him about women, meanwhile trying to seduce the poor young man and make him discover the fact that she is naked under the covers of her bed. keywords: 18th; adams; century; fanny; fielding; joseph; novel; parson; virtue; vol cache: armfolangl-4669.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4669.txt item: #219 of 374 id: armfolangl-4670 author: Muradian, Gaiane title: Falsification of Historical Figures (The Armenian Population in Turkey before and after the Genocide) date: 2020-10-15 words: 3470 flesch: 45 summary: The argument and objective of the present case study is to prove, through the scientific method of analysis, that the online news medium Azerbaijani Vision (en.azvision.az), applying history falsification (negationism and revisionism) referring to the 1915 Armenian Genocide in general, and to the historic figures on the number of Ottoman Armenian population before and after the Genocide in particular, leverages technology to produce and disseminate false and fabricated figures about the mentioned data of Armenian population within the frames of its anti-Armenian propaganda. Thus, the present case study will focus on history falsification (negationism and revisionism) referring to the 1915 Armenian Genocide in general, and on the falsification of historic figures on the number of Ottoman Armenian population before and after the Genocide in particular. keywords: armenians; falsification; genocide; historical; history; negationism; ottoman; studies cache: armfolangl-4670.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4670.txt item: #220 of 374 id: armfolangl-4672 author: Stotesbury, John A. title: The Armenian Genocide: A review of Eve Makis’s novel, $The$ $Spice$ $Box$ $Letters$ (Dingwall, Scotland: Sandstone Press, 2015, 260 pp., ISBN 978-1-910124-06-6) date: 2020-10-15 words: 1619 flesch: 49 summary: This part of the story of Armenian diaspora is told through the modern translation (into English) of the Armenian-language diaries and letters, stored in an old Armenian spice box, of Mariam Arakelian, in essence a re-sounding of a life lived some seventy years prior to the present time of the novel itself. Microsoft Word - Maket 2020-2(22) (3)-1 (1).doc Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 16, Issue 2 (22), 2020 Book Reviews 162 The Armenian Genocide: A review of Eve Makis’s novel, The Spice Box Letters (Dingwall, Scotland: Sandstone Press, 2015, 260 pp., ISBN 978-1-910124-06-6) John A Stotesbury University of Eastern Finland Looking recently at the popular Goodreads.com page on the Internet, I discovered that the web-site includes a section headed “Armenian Genocide Books”. keywords: armenian; english; letters; mariam cache: armfolangl-4672.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4672.txt item: #221 of 374 id: armfolangl-4673 author: none title: Front Matter date: 2020-10-15 words: 924 flesch: 28 summary: Astghik Chubaryan – PhD in Philology, Professor of English Philology Department, Yerevan State University (Armenia). Հիմնադիր և գլխավոր խմբագիր` ՍԵԴԱ ԳԱՍՊԱՐՅԱՆ Համարի թողարկման պատասխանատու` ԼԻԼԻ ԿԱՐԱՊԵՏՅԱՆ Լրատվական գործունեություն իրականացնող «ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ՈՒՍՈՒՄՆԱՍԻՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՅԿԱԿԱՆ ԱՍՈՑԻԱՑԻԱ» ՀԿ http:www.aase.ysu.am Վկայական` 03Ա 065183 Տրված` 28.06.2004 թ. Yerevan State University Press Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics 2 Editor-in-Chief Seda Gasparyan – Dr. of Sciences (Philology), Professor, Corresponding Member of RA NAS, Honoured Scientist of RA, holder of “Best Scientific Work” award of RA NAS (2010), holder of “Prolific Researcher” award of RA State Committee of Science (2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020), Head of Yerevan State University English Philology Department, President of Armenian Association for the Study of English. keywords: english; philology; professor; state; university cache: armfolangl-4673.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4673.txt item: #222 of 374 id: armfolangl-4674 author: none title: Contents date: 2020-10-15 words: 213 flesch: 46 summary: 131 Shushanik Paronyan The Use of Manipulative Tactics in Hate Speech ............................................... 74 Tomáš Jadlovský Translation of Non-Equivalent Idioms (using English and Russian examples) ................................................................... keywords: english; studies cache: armfolangl-4674.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4674.txt item: #223 of 374 id: armfolangl-4676 author: none title: Author Guidelines date: 2020-10-15 words: 1412 flesch: 57 summary: Withdrawal of Manuscripts: The author can request withdrawal of manuscript after submission within the time span when the manuscript is still in the peer-reviewing process. High quality manuscripts are peer-reviewed by minimum two peers of the same field. keywords: editor; manuscript; paper; publication cache: armfolangl-4676.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4676.txt item: #224 of 374 id: armfolangl-4679 author: none title: Front Matter date: 2009-10-15 words: 350 flesch: 50 summary: ØáÝï»Ý»·ñáÛÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ ºðºì²Ü - 2009 2 Armenian Association for the Study of English (Member Association of the European Society for the Study of English) ARMENIAN FOLIA ANGLISTIKA Reviewed International Journal in cooperation with: Yerevan State University, Armenia Yerevan State Linguistic University, Armenia Moscow State Lomonosov University, Russia Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland University of Zaragoza, Spain University of Montenegro YEREVAN- 2009 3 Articles of interest to university-level teachers and scholars in English Studies are warmly welcomed by the multi-national Editorial Board of the Journal. keywords: armenia; prof cache: armfolangl-4679.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4679.txt item: #225 of 374 id: armfolangl-4680 author: none title: Contents date: 2009-10-15 words: 534 flesch: 51 summary: 148 Armine Suvaryan (Armenia) Structural-Semantic Patters with Suffixes Expressing Resemblance in Modern English and Modern Armenian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Ashot Abrahamyan (Armenia) Stereotypical Statements as Social-Psycholinguistic Phenomenon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . keywords: armenia; state; yerevan cache: armfolangl-4680.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4680.txt item: #226 of 374 id: armfolangl-4682 author: none title: On Preconditions of Medieval Armenian Schools date: 2009-10-15 words: 2689 flesch: 56 summary: Armenian schools opened throughout the country. The establishment of Armenian schools was far from being an easy task. keywords: armenian; gladzor; school; universities; university cache: armfolangl-4682.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4682.txt item: #227 of 374 id: armfolangl-4683 author: none title: The State of Armenian Education in Brief date: 2009-10-15 words: 763 flesch: 57 summary: Two systems of school education 19 Yerevan State University is 90 Years Old Armenian Folia Anglistika were developed in the country – elementary single-form, two-form schools and state secondary schools where the teaching was conducted in Russian. Besides the schools in Moscow, Astrakhan, Teodossia, New Nakhijevan, schools were also set up in the cities of Transcaucasia. keywords: armenian; schools cache: armfolangl-4683.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4683.txt item: #228 of 374 id: armfolangl-4684 author: none title: Armenian Higher Education in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries date: 2009-10-15 words: 585 flesch: 43 summary: He added: “The university that may become an endless source of enlightment for our nation should teach Armenian, Latin, Greek, French, German and Russian, general history, general geography, Armenian history, the history of Russia, law, commerce, the history of commerce, mathematics, physics, chemistry, agriculture, religious studies, painting etc. At one of the meetings in his own house Toumanian said: “We must unite Armenian scientists, set up science in Armenia, a home of science – the Armenian Academy”. keywords: armenian; university cache: armfolangl-4684.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4684.txt item: #229 of 374 id: armfolangl-4685 author: none title: Founding People’s University of Yerevan date: 2009-10-15 words: 1052 flesch: 54 summary: 25 Yerevan State University is 90 Years Old Armenian Folia Anglistika The steam-engine in which the first specialists - Armenian by nationality and educated in different universities of Europe - arrived in Yerevan to start their occupation of Yerevan State University lecturer. All that we have now, has been possible through the blood shed by many generations 24 Armenian Folia Anglistika Yerevan State University is 90 Years Old The University Building in Alexandrapol A. Khatisian N. Aghbalian who gave their lives to make this day close, so let us honor their memory. keywords: nation; university; yerevan cache: armfolangl-4685.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4685.txt item: #230 of 374 id: armfolangl-4687 author: none title: The Rectors of Yerevan State University date: 2009-10-15 words: 2327 flesch: 54 summary: maket_N_verjin.qxp The Rectors of Yerevan State University As already stated above, due to the tense politicalsituation in the country, the University was reopened only in December,1920 after having been moved to Yerevan. 37 Yerevan State University is 90 Years Old Armenian Folia Anglistika Hakob Hovhannisian Tigran Musheghian Vram Kostanian Michael Yengibarian keywords: armenian; rector; state; university; years; yerevan cache: armfolangl-4687.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4687.txt item: #231 of 374 id: armfolangl-4688 author: none title: Renowned Graduates of Yerevan State University date: 2009-10-15 words: 1522 flesch: 45 summary: The decision to establish a university in Armenia was successfully realized andnow Yerevan State University, having always played an exceptional role in higher educational system of the Republic of Armenia, stands at the peak of its 90th anniversary. maket_N_verjin.qxp Renowned Graduates of Yerevan State University keywords: armenian; sciences; university cache: armfolangl-4688.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4688.txt item: #232 of 374 id: armfolangl-4689 author: Abrahamyan, Ashot title: Essence and Phenomenon in Linguistic Content and Expression date: 2009-10-15 words: 1313 flesch: 46 summary: It may seem that the essence of language in general and the phenomenon of individual’s language, being polar edges of essence and phenomenon, must have been 48 Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics LANGUAGE IN GENERAL A CERTAIN LANGUAGE INDIVIDUAL’S LANGUAGE ESSENCE OF CONTENT (CONTENT OF ESSENCE) Extralinguistic reality Reflection of extralinguistic reality in human reason Semantic system of a certain language PHENOMENON OF CONTENT (CONTENT OF PHENOMENON) Semantic systems of languages Semantic systems of individual’s languages Situative reference of speech ESSENCE OF EXPRESSION (EXPRESSION OF ESSENCE) Existence of voice as property of matter Articulated sounds as possibility of expression of content Phonetic system of a certain language PHENOMENON OF EXPRESSION (EXPRESSION OF PHENOMENON) The world itself is split up into essence and phenomenon; the division of language into content and expression genetically is connected with this division and is the former’s reflection and echo. keywords: essence; expression; language; phenomenon cache: armfolangl-4689.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4689.txt item: #233 of 374 id: armfolangl-4690 author: Matevosyan, Lianna title: Stereotypical Statements as Social-Psycholinguistic Phenomenon date: 2009-10-15 words: 3263 flesch: 56 summary: The similarity of such models is not commissioned only by reasoning and deduction, but with the specific material of different languages. Despite the specific nature of certain languages, linguistics defines them using principally the same model. keywords: armenian; behavior; human; izd; language; linguistics; moskva; situations; speech; sphere; statements; stereotype; univ cache: armfolangl-4690.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4690.txt item: #234 of 374 id: armfolangl-4691 author: Arakelyan, Rouzanna title: Meaning and Association date: 2009-10-15 words: 1787 flesch: 57 summary: The history of psychology is abundant in theories which have attempted to account for “the mind” by appealing to doctrines of association: Locke spoke of associations between ideas, Titchener - of associations between sensations, Thorndike and Hull - of associations between stimuli and responses. It is also clear that verbal associations do not represent the totality of what we would call the meaning of a word. keywords: associations; subject; word cache: armfolangl-4691.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4691.txt item: #235 of 374 id: armfolangl-4692 author: Israyelyan, Stela title: The Problem of Thinking and Language: Concept date: 2009-10-15 words: 1481 flesch: 65 summary: The invention of new concepts is much more difficult. The main components of concepts are, on the one hand, the meaning, and on the other hand, the values which can be different among various nations. keywords: concepts; language; thinking cache: armfolangl-4692.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4692.txt item: #236 of 374 id: armfolangl-4693 author: Simonyan, Armine title: Strategies and Tactics in Gaining Public Opinion date: 2009-10-15 words: 2632 flesch: 57 summary: This question is to Senator Hillary Clinton. During the presidential debate in Utah Hillary Clinton was asked: “Hello, my name is John McAlpin. keywords: audience; clinton; hillary; obama; party; presentation; strategy cache: armfolangl-4693.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4693.txt item: #237 of 374 id: armfolangl-4694 author: Arakelyan, Anna title: Metaphor in Political Discourse date: 2009-10-15 words: 2966 flesch: 55 summary: Metaphors in political discourse are to some extent deprived of the strong emotional charge that is typical of metaphor in fiction and it is fully acknowledged that the primary and basic purpose of metaphor in political discourse is effectively and fully realized through cognitive and persuasive functions. The experiential basis of political metaphor is the fact that most of what we know comes through vision, and that in the overwhelming majority of cases, if we see something, then we know from our general life experience it is true. keywords: discourse; metaphor; politics; public; real; war cache: armfolangl-4694.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4694.txt item: #238 of 374 id: armfolangl-4695 author: Chubaryan, Astghik; Arakelyan, Stella title: Stylistic Devices in Marriage Vows date: 2009-10-15 words: 3162 flesch: 62 summary: Marriage vows as a type of formulaic discourse are not an exception in this respect. Marriage vows are a piece of formulaic discourse where creative images are inserted, inasmuch as there is an accepted point of view that vowers are fond of going in- depth and are creative in their wedding speech. keywords: love; marriage; speaker; speech; vows cache: armfolangl-4695.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4695.txt item: #239 of 374 id: armfolangl-4697 author: Ghaltkhchyan, Siranoush title: On Ways of Expressing Persuasion in Discourse date: 2009-10-15 words: 4333 flesch: 59 summary: What is important here is that how E.P. Bettinghaus notes “success in persuasive communication must be based on a series of decisions, each having its roots in the central question of what is best for mankind” (Bettinghaus 1980:7). Our task is to attempt to discover first of all the basic features of persuasive communication, the necessary conditions of its effectiveness. keywords: communication; message; new; persuasion; sir; source; speech; thomas cache: armfolangl-4697.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4697.txt item: #240 of 374 id: armfolangl-4698 author: Karapetyan, Sirarpi title: On Refusal Strategies in Modern English date: 2009-10-15 words: 2863 flesch: 76 summary: Thus, the analysis carried out shows that refusal strategies are various, that there are both direct and indirect strategies, the latter being used in order to try to avoid the task of offending one’s interlocutors, i.e. one’s partners in dialogue. It is also important to note that the choice of various refusal strategies depends greatly on different social-cultural factors, which include culture, age, gender, social distance, social status, etc. keywords: addressee; refusal; request; speaker; strategy cache: armfolangl-4698.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4698.txt item: #241 of 374 id: armfolangl-4699 author: Gasparyan, Seda title: Verbal Art: From the Polyphony of the Word to Non-Verbality date: 2009-10-15 words: 2853 flesch: 61 summary: In other words, in works of verbal art words display the tendency of widening their semantic potential, acquiring additional depth and capacity and stimulating the creation of the global “image” of the word in which it is often impossible to pick out separate meanings. weakened, exhausted; faint representation of sth. or smb.; etc) presented in different dictionaries and the shades of meanings 110 Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics realized in different combinations of the noun shadow with other words (the shadow of death; the shadow of night; the shadow of misfortune; etc) are all condensed here to interpret the enormous power in which the personage – Paul Lensky, held his wife. keywords: art; content; form; polyphony; verbal; word; work cache: armfolangl-4699.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4699.txt item: #242 of 374 id: armfolangl-4700 author: Matevosyan, Armine; Nikoghosyan, Narine title: Metaphor: an Element of Imagery in Gerald Durrell’s “My Family and Other Animals” date: 2009-10-15 words: 2083 flesch: 63 summary: The plot gains new shades of meaning and is developed with the active help of metaphoric images (… tiny garden with an air of pink-faced determination; In the darkness of the fuchsia-hedge a thousand ballerina-like blooms quivered expectantly etc). The plot always gains new shades of meaning and is developed with the active help of metaphoric images. keywords: imagery; images; language; means; metaphor cache: armfolangl-4700.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4700.txt item: #243 of 374 id: armfolangl-4701 author: Matevosyan, Armine; Melkonyan, Anna title: Similes in D.H. Lawrence’s “Sons and Lovers” date: 2009-10-15 words: 2058 flesch: 72 summary: The picture is completely different in the case of metaphoric similes where the linguistic elements are never used at random, their choice and arrangement is always pragmatically conditioned. In verbal art simile is one of the most powerful means, which reveals the author’s understanding of the surrounding world, his thoughts and ideas. keywords: author; clara; foam; paul; simile cache: armfolangl-4701.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4701.txt item: #244 of 374 id: armfolangl-4703 author: Martirossyan, Naira title: Cohesive Properties of Modal Adverbs date: 2009-10-15 words: 2348 flesch: 66 summary: The many researches related to the study of modal adverbs are done on the sentence level, the text level being in the shade. The purpose of the present paper is to view modal adverbs as text-creating elements. keywords: adverb; cohesion; modal; modality; sentence; text cache: armfolangl-4703.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4703.txt item: #245 of 374 id: armfolangl-4704 author: Kostanyan, Zara title: Reported Speech as a Supraphrasal Unity date: 2009-10-15 words: 2948 flesch: 72 summary: This can be true of reported speech as well since it constitutes a transformed version of direct speech. However, in almost all studies on the subject the analysis of reported speech, particularly its transposition from direct speech, has mainly been carried out on the basis of an isolated sentence. keywords: sentence; speaker; speech; supraphrasal; text; words cache: armfolangl-4704.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4704.txt item: #246 of 374 id: armfolangl-4706 author: Karapetyan, Lili; Yakhnyan, Armine title: Structural-Semantic Patters with Suffixes Expressing Resemblance in Modern English and Modern Armenian date: 2009-10-15 words: 2504 flesch: 59 summary: It is also noteworthy that in Modern English adjectives formed after these patterns are chiefly relative which is not characteristic of the Armenian language where derivative adjectives are mostly qualitative. To describe the system of suffixation of adjectives in Modern English and Armenian we have found the following productive word-building patterns: English Armenian N+S=A N+S=A V+S=A V+S=A Adj+S=A Adj+S=A Num+S=A Num+S=A Adv+S=A In these patterns N stands for noun stems, V - for verb stems, Adj - for adjective stems, Num - for numeral stems, Adv - for adverb stems, S - for suffixes and A - for derived adjectives. keywords: adjectives; armenian; english; resemblance; suffix cache: armfolangl-4706.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4706.txt item: #247 of 374 id: armfolangl-4707 author: Ghazaryan, Hasmik title: The Semantic Field of Phraseological Units Expressing Kindness and Malice in Armenian, Russian and English date: 2009-10-15 words: 3396 flesch: 76 summary: In this case, people make mental abstractions and achieve a moral and psychological perception of the phenomena and form phraseological units such as black heart; evil eye; live from hand to mouth; one’s heart goes into one’s boots, etc. Like words, phraseological units can belong to different semantic fields. keywords: armenian; english; evil; eye; heart; kind; look; subfield; units; yerevan; ³ãùáí; ëçñïá; ñåðäöå cache: armfolangl-4707.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4707.txt item: #248 of 374 id: armfolangl-4708 author: Baghdasaryan, Susanna title: Etymology and Word Decoding date: 2009-10-15 words: 1709 flesch: 59 summary: However, it’s impossible to escape the 167 Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika Susanna Baghdasaryan necessity of recognizing the latter since we often come across texts pertaining to different scientific domains.1 As it was mentioned above, the contact of English with various foreign languages has led to the adoption of countless foreign words and word parts. This kind of semantic parallelism has also occurred in Latin, which has absorbed many words from Greek, creating such pairs as Latin compassio and Greek sympathia. keywords: english; language; latin; meaning; parts; word cache: armfolangl-4708.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4708.txt item: #249 of 374 id: armfolangl-4709 author: Yerznkyan, Yelena title: Deixis as a Significant Element of Human Communication date: 2009-10-15 words: 2489 flesch: 55 summary: In this pioneering work K.Bühler maintains that deictic expressions refer to what he calls the indexical field of language (Zeigfeld der Sprache), whose zero point - the 'origo' in his terminology - is fixed by the person who speaks, by the place of utterance, and by the time of utterance. What deictic expressions refer to is determined by the presently relevant 'origo'. keywords: deixis; language; linguistic; speaker; utterance cache: armfolangl-4709.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4709.txt item: #250 of 374 id: armfolangl-4710 author: Sivasubramaniam, Sivakumar title: Democratizing and Dehegamonizing Literature*: Endeavours of Empowerment date: 2009-10-15 words: 7466 flesch: 51 summary: The problem-posing model of literature education demands a curricular shift in order to maximize its beneficial outcomes. The rampant prevalence of a technological-rationalist stance in our educational settings has done more harm than good to the use of literature in language teaching. keywords: educational; experience; language; learning; literature; reading; response; social; students; teacher; teaching; texts; writing cache: armfolangl-4710.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4710.txt item: #251 of 374 id: armfolangl-4713 author: Ter-Minasova, Svetlana title: The War and Peace of Languages and Cultures. The Teacher and the Student. 21st century Russia. date: 2009-10-15 words: 2135 flesch: 70 summary: The problem in Russia is not just a “fathers and sons” conflict, it is not a generation – time – gap, it is a war of different and opposing (!) cultures because Russian teachers and Russian students were born and have grown up in completely different countries with different ideologies, regimes, cultures, and different variants of the Russian language. barriers separating peoples but as 203 Culture Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika Svetlana Ter-Minasova shields, or dragons guarding their kingdom from all intruders (including language learners and teachers, interpreters, translators, spies, etc.). keywords: conflict; culture; language; russian; students; teachers cache: armfolangl-4713.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4713.txt item: #252 of 374 id: armfolangl-4716 author: Nikèeviæ-Batriæeviæ, Aleksandra; Kneževiæ, Marija title: The Woman Artist in Edna St. Vincent Millay’s Poetry date: 2009-10-15 words: 2703 flesch: 54 summary: Do not consider our paper as hermetic or self-referential, because in it we were relying (by both quoting and paraphrasing) on the certain segments of study about Julia Kristeva and literary criticism, by Megan Becker-Leckrone, as well as Kristeva’s study. Later in her career, especially in a collection of poems titled A Few Figs from Thisles, “she showed that though the disillusion of the postwar years 220 Armenian Folia Anglistika Literature Aleksandra Nikèeviæ-Batriæeviæ Marija Kneževiæ was crowding in upon her, she was attempting to maintain gaiety with a consciously cynical flippancy” (432). keywords: kristeva; literature; millay; poem; poetry; subject; woman cache: armfolangl-4716.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4716.txt item: #253 of 374 id: armfolangl-4717 author: Andrijaseviæ, Janko title: Literature and Medicine: Asperger Syndrome in Mark Haddon’s Novel “The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time” date: 2009-10-15 words: 3564 flesch: 70 summary: However, it is probably not that all of us who identified with Christopher tend to have anything similar to AS, it is just that all of us have been in situations of great tension like Christopher, and because, apparently, “there is something more wrong with the people around Christopher than with him” (Weich 2003).4 And had we met Christopher face to face, or read the detailed medical accounts of AS, we certainly would not have got such an emphatic understanding of a person suffering from this disability as we do reading Haddon’s book. In this novel written in a very simple, “clipped” (Weich 2003) style, Mark Haddon has managed to make the reader “slip inside his [Christopher’s] head, and it seems like the most natural thing in the world” (Weich 2003).2 keywords: asperger; christopher; haddon; literature; people; syndrome; truth cache: armfolangl-4717.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4717.txt item: #254 of 374 id: armfolangl-4718 author: McCarthy, Terence title: Rehabilitating Martius: Audience Response to the Hero of “Coriolanus” date: 2009-10-15 words: 5608 flesch: 69 summary: Are we meant to like Martius or not? Just ask Lydia and Kitty Bennet, who were moths around a flame when there were officers billeted in town But even though we acknowledge Martius’s military exploits – and Shakespeare, unusually, spends most of a long first act presenting them before our eyes (not merely in reported narrative) – we never accord more than our token admiration. keywords: act; coriolanus; hero; lewis; literature; man; martius; people; play; scene; shakespeare cache: armfolangl-4718.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4718.txt item: #255 of 374 id: armfolangl-4720 author: Vardanyan, Sergey title: An Important Source of Information about Islamized Armenians date: 2009-10-15 words: 5500 flesch: 73 summary: In his “Usumnasirutiwn...” (A Study of Messalian-Pavlikian Tondrakiys’ Sect and the Letter of G. Narekatsy), retelling about the sectarian Armenians Meherean had met on his way from Aleppo to Karin in 1773 (the Tonraketsi4, the Keskes5 or the Arevordi6”) and the stories of false Bishop Hovhannes from Burchimasur, he writes that Meherean “recalled the 200 Islamized Armenian families in Khevak” and adds in the footnote: “This unpublished work, that is now in our matenadaran is a very relevant material about the contemporary history and state of the Armenian people of the given period”. Though Ghukas Inchichean published the first volume of his “The Geography of the Four Parts of the World” in 1806, i.e. before Meherean wrote his memoirs, while comparing his articles about the village of Khevak, Hamshen with those given by Inchichean, one may assume that the source of information (maybe oral) is Poghos Meherean. keywords: armenian; century; hamshen; khevak; meherean; people; poghos; tashean; ter; venice; village cache: armfolangl-4720.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4720.txt item: #256 of 374 id: armfolangl-4722 author: Chalyan, Marina title: Some Glimpses of the American-Armenian Press Published in English in the 1990s date: 2009-10-15 words: 1711 flesch: 53 summary: However, all these publications have one distinct advantage: they are in a better state as compared with other Armenian publications in the USA, due to the fact that they are published in the eastern States of the USA and they have their publishing houses in both the East and the West coasts. These weeklies differ from other Diasporan publications of the West in one aspect - they come up with analytical publications more often, and the Armenian leit-motif is always presented in a deeper political coverage without overlooking the values of the mankind. keywords: american; armenian; newspapers; publications cache: armfolangl-4722.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4722.txt item: #257 of 374 id: armfolangl-4746 author: none title: Towards the 90th Anniversary of Yerevan State University date: 2008-10-15 words: 151 flesch: -31 summary: angl10002 angl10003 angl10004 angl10005 angl10006 angl10007 angl10008 angl10009 angl10010 angl10011 angl10012 angl10013 angl10014 angl10015 angl10016 angl10017 angl10018 angl10019 angl10020 angl10021 angl10022 angl10023 angl10024 angl10025 angl10026 angl10027 angl10028 angl10029 angl10030 angl10031 angl10032 angl10033 angl10034 angl10035 angl10036 angl10037 angl10038 angl10039 angl10040 angl10041 angl10042 angl10043 angl10044 angl10045 angl10046 angl10047 angl10048 angl10049 angl10050 angl10051 angl10052 angl10053 angl10054 angl10055 angl10056 angl10057 angl10058 angl10059 angl10060 angl10061 angl10062 angl10063 angl10064 angl10065 angl10066 angl10067 angl10068 angl10069 angl10070 angl10071 angl10072 angl10073 angl10074 angl10075 angl10076 angl10077 angl10078 angl10079 angl10080 angl10081 angl10082 angl10083 angl10084 angl10085 angl10086 angl10087 angl10088 angl10089 angl10090 angl10091 angl10092 angl10093 angl10094 angl10095 angl10096 angl10097 angl10098 angl10099 angl10100 angl10101 angl10102 angl10103 angl10104 angl10105 angl10106 angl10107 angl10108 angl10109 angl10110 angl10111 angl10112 angl10113 angl10114 angl10115 angl10116 angl10117 angl10118 angl10119 angl10120 angl10121 angl10122 angl10124 angl10125 angl10126 angl10127 angl10128 angl10129 angl10130 angl10131 angl10132 angl10133 angl10134 angl10135 angl10136 angl10137 angl10138 angl10139 angl10140 angl10141 angl10142 angl10143 angl10144 angl10145 angl10146 angl10147 angl10148 angl10149 angl10150 angl10151 angl10152 angl10153 keywords: angl10033; angl10070; angl10139 cache: armfolangl-4746.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4746.txt item: #258 of 374 id: armfolangl-4747 author: none title: Front Matter date: 2007-04-16 words: 347 flesch: 49 summary: ØáëÏí³ÛÇ Ø.ÈáÙáÝáëáíÇ ³Ýí. å»ï³Ï³Ý ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ (èáõë³ëï³Ý) Îñ³ÏáíÇ Ú³·Ç»ÉáÝÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ (Ȼѳëï³Ý) ê³ñ³·áë³ÛÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ (Æëå³Ýdz) Ø»ÙýÇëÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ (²ØÜ) ºðºì²Ü - 2007 2 AArrmmeenniiaann AAssssoocciiaattiioonn ffoorr tthhee SSttuuddyy ooff EEnngglliisshh ((MMeemmbbeerr AAssssoocciiaattiioonn ooff tthhee EEuurrooppeeaann SSoocciieettyy ffoorr tthhee SSttuuddyy ooff EEnngglliisshh)) AARRMMEENNIIAANN FFOOLLIIAA AANNGGLLIISSTTIIKKAA Reviewed International Journal in cooperation with: Yerevan State University, Armenia Yerevan State Linguistic University, Armenia Moscow State Lomonosov University, Russia Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland University of Zaragoza, Spain University of Memphis, USA YYeerreevvaann- 22000077 3 Yerevan State University Alex Manoogian 1 Yerevan 375049 Armenia Tel: (3741) keywords: armenia; prof; university cache: armfolangl-4747.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4747.txt item: #259 of 374 id: armfolangl-4748 author: none title: Contents date: 2007-04-16 words: 277 flesch: 33 summary: 57 Gayane Muradyan “Politicized” Syntagms in Action ............................................................................... 61 Mara Baghdasaryan Emphatic Constructions in English Scientific Prose ................................................ 68 Siranush Vardanyan The Place of Academic English in Scientific Discourse ............................................ 77 Valentina Golysheva 4 Methodology The Ratio of L1 Influence in Pronunciation Errors of Business English Students .......................................................................... 84 Amalia Babayan Enriching Learners’ Vocabulary by Means of Derivative Word-Building Patterns ...................................................... 92 Lili Karapetyan Translation Stadies General Tendencies in Semiotic Research ................................................................. keywords: english; novels cache: armfolangl-4748.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4748.txt item: #260 of 374 id: armfolangl-4749 author: Decheva, Svetlana title: English Syllabics as Part of the British-American Voiceworks date: 2007-04-16 words: 5785 flesch: 53 summary: Otherwise stated, in British English, consonants are the ‘fulcra’ of pronunciation - they are intensified and relied upon in the process of speech production, whereas in American English it is the vowel component, that acquires additional weight and is more important for syllable dynamics. The whole effect of closed or checked syllables, which is typical of British English is not at all relevant in American English. keywords: american; american english; author; british; english; language; speech; syllable; voice cache: armfolangl-4749.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4749.txt item: #261 of 374 id: armfolangl-4750 author: Mańczak-Wohlfeld, Elżbieta title: Some remarks on “A Usage Dictionary of Anglicisms in Sixteen European Languages” date: 2007-04-16 words: 3935 flesch: 70 summary: The assimilation on the morphological plane is different in different languages. As far as the description of anglicisms found in individual languages is concerned, it is worth pointing to the organization of the entry: 1. keywords: beg2oc; english; european; languages; word cache: armfolangl-4750.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4750.txt item: #262 of 374 id: armfolangl-4751 author: Fljyan, Lusine title: The Virtual Discourse in On-line Newspapers date: 2007-04-16 words: 3230 flesch: 58 summary: The advertisements in on- line newspapers are also interactive, as they can link the readers to the advertised companies for buying various advertised products. What are the basic features and characteristics of virtual newspapers that are common with printed ones? keywords: capital; communication; discourse; line; newspapers; rates; readers; tax cache: armfolangl-4751.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4751.txt item: #263 of 374 id: armfolangl-4752 author: Nazaryan, Ani title: Net English: The Language of On-line Communication date: 2007-04-16 words: 2104 flesch: 44 summary: This priority also supports the position of English as a primary language for international communication: a lot of words which were introduced into the English language with the elaboration of computer systems, are borrowed now by other languages (burble, compunications, cyberstyle,5 emoticons, egosurfing, geek, go Cyrillic, intranet, list Nazi, mouse potato MUD, nerd, Net Police, nooksurfer, on-line, off-line, outernet, homepage, nomepage, nymrod, 36 Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics Ani Nazaryan ROM-brain, shovelware, smileys, snail mail, sysop, tetwrist, treeware, user eye-D, webmaster, Zen mail, etc.). However, the language used on-line is that of real people of great diversity, who 37 Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika employ different language varieties for purely practical reasons and whose output is largely unedited by proofreaders or publishers. keywords: communication; english; internet; language; line; people cache: armfolangl-4752.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4752.txt item: #264 of 374 id: armfolangl-4753 author: Galstyan, Svetlana; Ghaltakhchyan, Siranoush title: Acts of Persuasion in Jane Austen’s Novels date: 2007-04-16 words: 3173 flesch: 62 summary: Their speeches abound in persuasive attempts, and it is hardly possible to find any dialogue in which they do not have the intention of influencing their interlocutors. This is the reason why Mrs. Bennet in the novel “Pride and Prejudice” almost always fails in persuasive attempts. keywords: austen; communication; jane; message; novel; people; persuasion cache: armfolangl-4753.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4753.txt item: #265 of 374 id: armfolangl-4754 author: Haroutunian, Gohar title: On the Problem of Implicitness in Metaphoric Similes date: 2007-04-16 words: 2082 flesch: 66 summary: According to Grice’s theory of conversational implicature, implicit utterances are cases of maxim exploitation (Grice, 1968:64). Thus, the gap between what is on the surface and what is conveyed is so substantial that a semantic 48 Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics Gohar Haroutunian theory cannot go beyond interpretation of literal meaning. keywords: intention; listener; meaning; mind; speaker; utterance cache: armfolangl-4754.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4754.txt item: #266 of 374 id: armfolangl-4756 author: Muradyan, Gayane title: The Syntagmatics of Noun Collocations in English date: 2007-04-16 words: 1717 flesch: 50 summary: Studying the nature of the target noun nature, we have observed that most significant collocates in syntagmatic units with it are in a standard syntactic relation with the target word, e.g. course, return, dog, gases, study, human, worship, cure, good are statistically significant collocates of nature, and usually occur in the phrases course of nature, return to nature, dog nature, nature of gases, nature study, human nature, nature worship, nature cure, good nature. The man can be deceitful, kind, fierce, savage, sympathetic, unselfish, willing, thoughtful, cruel, strong, proud, ambitious, furious, unflinching by nature. keywords: nature; noun; target; word cache: armfolangl-4756.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4756.txt item: #267 of 374 id: armfolangl-4759 author: Baghdasaryan, Mara title: “Politicized” Syntagms in Action date: 2007-04-16 words: 3066 flesch: 46 summary: Political discourse, or, speaking more accurately, political speeches have a definite functional orientation – persuasion and impact on the audience, that is logical argumentation and emotional influence, promoting the hearers to certain activity “encoded” in the speeches. Lexical syntagms are those words, which, being clearly divisible in terms of derivation, may be coined, brought to life, regularly reproduced, or regenerated by the speaker at will. keywords: action; discourse; european; indivisible; reliable; syntagms cache: armfolangl-4759.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4759.txt item: #268 of 374 id: armfolangl-4760 author: Vardanyan, Siranush title: Emphatic Constructions in English Scientific Prose date: 2007-04-16 words: 1678 flesch: 61 summary: The use of emphatic constructions with “do”, not infrequently expresses the author’s personal attitude towards the utterance. assert that different stylistic devices are available in the language of science. keywords: author; constructions; devices; language; use cache: armfolangl-4760.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4760.txt item: #269 of 374 id: armfolangl-4761 author: Poghosyan, Ofelya title: The Place of Academic English in Scientific Discourse date: 2007-04-16 words: 1406 flesch: 53 summary: Thus, on the basis of these two factors a special register, that of Academic English, can be formed which will serve as a universal or international scientific language – a means of communication for educated people. In this respect some linguists state that such register of Academic English becomes something like a ‘shared code’ between the members of both written and oral communication, in other words a ‘shared code’ between the writer and the reader or the speaker and the listener.8 Finally, it can be concluded from what has been said above that, as a kind of LSP, Academic English can serve as a special type of scientific language or as a means of communication among the scientists of the 21st century. keywords: communication; discourse; english; language cache: armfolangl-4761.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4761.txt item: #270 of 374 id: armfolangl-4762 author: Golysheva, Valentina title: The Role of English in the Acquisition of Intercultural Competence by Russian Students date: 2007-04-16 words: 3046 flesch: 66 summary: One of the striking features of English social behaviour in terms of verbal politeness is the ability to avoid direct imposition either in conditional requests or in public imperatives. Teaching Russian students an elementary, stereotyped form of social behaviour typical of people in English-speaking communities requires that academic priority be given to teaching patterns of speech and ways of manipulating language for specific purposes. keywords: english; language; people; politeness; russian; speech; use; words cache: armfolangl-4762.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4762.txt item: #271 of 374 id: armfolangl-4764 author: Karapetyan, Lili title: Enriching Learners’ Vocabulary by Means of Derivative Word-Building Patterns date: 2007-04-16 words: 1651 flesch: 61 summary: The clearer the word-building pattern, the freer the formation of new words analogous to it will be. Isolating a small group of highly productive word-building patterns, we might observe, for example, whether they can encourage learners to create new words. keywords: building; english; language; learners; word cache: armfolangl-4764.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4764.txt item: #272 of 374 id: armfolangl-4765 author: Hambardzumyan, Diana title: General Tendencies in Semiotic Research date: 2007-04-16 words: 1972 flesch: 56 summary: Alongside with literary semiotics linguistic semiotics has also introduced its concepts of analyzing literary works paying great attention to the meaning of linguistic units, which, in our conscious are the reflection of various phenomena, activities and relationships existing in reality. Linguistic sign is known to be a language and speech phenomenon. keywords: literature; nida; reader; semiotics; sign; translation cache: armfolangl-4765.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4765.txt item: #273 of 374 id: armfolangl-4766 author: Chrzanowska-Kluczewska, Elżbieta title: Metafiguration date: 2007-04-16 words: 2846 flesch: 50 summary: * I do not draw here a traditional distinction between figures and tropes but use the terms metafigure and metatrope interchangeably (in fact, the concept of figure is more encompassing than that of trope, since stylistic figures can be subdivided into 105 Literature Armenian Folia Anglistika phonetic, morphological, syntactic, graphic and semantic ones, with only the last group qualifying as genuine tropes). The idea of applying stylistic figures to the holistic analysis of discourse is traceable, in contemporary poetics, to Jakobson’s influential article “Two aspects of language and two types of linguistic disturbances” (1956). keywords: discourse; figures; language; level; literature; metatropes; white cache: armfolangl-4766.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4766.txt item: #274 of 374 id: armfolangl-4767 author: Jivanyan, Alvard title: The Neutralization of Tropes in Fairy Tale Narratives date: 2007-04-16 words: 4399 flesch: 71 summary: Apart from its defensive function an animal skin has a very distinct signification in a great number of fairy tales. It was recorded by Margarit Grigorian in 1949 and included into her collection of Artsakh (Nagorno Karabakh) folk tales. keywords: armenian; child; fairy; girl; river; snow; tale; tears; white cache: armfolangl-4767.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4767.txt item: #275 of 374 id: armfolangl-4769 author: Sargsyan, Mariana title: The Correlation of Myth and Symbol in D.H. Lawrence’s Novels date: 2007-04-16 words: 2346 flesch: 61 summary: So, the sun is “wild” with people, and with the introduction of the image of the “wild” sun (he’s wild), the writer imparts to the reader his own attitude towards people who have alienated themselves from nature. D.H. Lawrence, an exclusive representative of the psychological novel, introduces a special system of symbolic images and conveys the idea that the era of industrialization spreads but malice and vice upon the world, depriving human life of vital contact with nature. keywords: d.h.lawrence; image; man; nature; sun cache: armfolangl-4769.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4769.txt item: #276 of 374 id: armfolangl-4770 author: Charchoghlyan, Lala title: Shakespeare’s Bawdy Language date: 2007-04-16 words: 1953 flesch: 75 summary: 2. Harrison G. B. Introducing Shakespeare. kazm.cdr Shakespeare’s Bawdy Language Shakespeare is renowned around the world as the greatdramatic poet and playwright whose thirty-six plays are now deservedly translated into more than forty languages. keywords: bawdy; blood; english; hare; juliet; language; shakespeare cache: armfolangl-4770.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4770.txt item: #277 of 374 id: armfolangl-4771 author: Kedzierska, Aleksandra title: Women’s Writing of The First World War date: 2007-04-16 words: 4962 flesch: 68 summary: there still, as Michele Fry claims, “remains a great deal to be done if women war poets are to be accorded the place that many critics feel they deserve in the canon of English poetry of the First World War”.4 130 Armenian Folia Anglistika Literature Aleksandra Kedzierska “For working class women”, Smith continues, “the common course of action was to take over from their husbands when they enlisted. keywords: anglistika; folia; girls; home; literature; munitions; poetry; smh; war; women; work; world; world war cache: armfolangl-4771.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4771.txt item: #278 of 374 id: armfolangl-4772 author: Nahapetyan, Milena title: Joseph Brodsky And His Self-Translations date: 2007-04-16 words: 1934 flesch: 74 summary: kazm.cdr Joseph Brodsky And His Self-TTranslations Joseph Brodsky is known to be both a Russian and anAmerican poet. Joseph Brodsky was born in Leningrad in 1940. keywords: brodsky; english; life; poems; russian; self cache: armfolangl-4772.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4772.txt item: #279 of 374 id: armfolangl-4773 author: Jivanyan, Alvard title: Christianization of Fairies in Armenia date: 2007-04-16 words: 2051 flesch: 65 summary: In fairy tales fairy princes and princesses frequently appear to humans in the shape of beautiful snakes. Rather explicitly the Christianization of fairies can be seen in Armenian fairy tales. keywords: armenian; fairies; fairy; folk; hratarakchutyun; legend; religion cache: armfolangl-4773.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4773.txt item: #280 of 374 id: armfolangl-4774 author: Sahakyan, Paruyr title: Frederic Conybeare’s Translation of Hovhannes Yerets Khnusetsi’s “The Key of Truth” date: 2007-04-16 words: 5886 flesch: 49 summary: Because, as I at the first told thee, they are the heritors of their father’s deceit; and through the spirit of that same evil one they ever and always ordain false laws and false precepts. Even Our Lord, speaking about them, warned in his preaching: “Take care not to be misled by false prophets who will approach you in sheep’s hide, but are wolves inside. keywords: /qfactor; /quality; /tileheight; /tilewidth; adobe; armenian; christ; key; truth cache: armfolangl-4774.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4774.txt item: #281 of 374 id: armfolangl-4801 author: Safrastyan, Ruben title: “Kuleli Incident”: Armenian Sources date: 2007-10-15 words: 178 flesch: -58 summary: angl20002 angl20003 angl20004 angl20011 angl20012 angl20013 angl20014 angl20015 angl20016 angl20017 angl20018 angl20019 angl20020 angl20021 angl20022 angl20023 angl20024 angl20025 angl20026 angl20027 angl20028 angl20029 angl20030 angl20031 angl20032 angl20033 angl20034 angl20035 angl20036 angl20037 angl20038 angl20039 angl20040 angl20041 angl20042 angl20043 angl20044 angl20045 angl20046 angl20047 angl20048 angl20049 angl20050 angl20051 angl20052 angl20053 angl20054 angl20055 angl20056 angl20057 angl20058 angl20059 angl20060 angl20061 angl20062 angl20063 angl20064 angl20065 angl20066 angl20067 angl20068 angl20069 angl20070 angl20071 angl20072 angl20073 angl20074 angl20075 angl20076 angl20077 angl20078 angl20079 angl20080 angl20081 angl20082 angl20083 angl20084 angl20085 angl20086 angl20087 angl20088 angl20089 angl20090 angl20091 angl20092 angl20093 angl20094 angl20095 angl20096 angl20097 angl20098 angl20099 angl20100 angl20101 angl20102 angl20103 angl20104 angl20105 angl20106 angl20107 angl20108 angl20109 angl20110 angl20111 angl20112 angl20113 angl20114 angl20115 angl20116 angl20117 angl20118 angl20119 angl20120 angl20121 angl20122 angl20123 angl20124 angl20125 angl20126 angl20127 angl20128 angl20129 angl20130 angl20131 angl20132 angl20133 angl20134 angl20135 angl20136 angl20137 angl20138 angl20139 angl20140 angl20141 angl20142 angl20143 angl20144 angl20145 angl20146 angl20147 angl20148 angl20149 angl20150 angl20151 angl20152 angl20153 angl20154 angl20155 angl20156 angl20157 angl20158 angl20159 angl20160 angl20161 angl20162 angl20163 angl20164 angl20165 angl20166 angl20167 angl20168 angl20169 angl20170 angl20171 angl20172 angl20173 angl20174 angl20175 angl20176 angl20177 angl20178 angl20179 angl20180 angl20181 angl20182 angl20183 angl20184 angl20185 keywords: angl20002; angl20023; angl20031; angl20184 cache: armfolangl-4801.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4801.txt item: #282 of 374 id: armfolangl-4802 author: none title: Front Matter date: 2006-10-16 words: 197 flesch: 54 summary: Armenian Folia Anglistika is free for the members of the Association and is intended to be published twice a year. (Armenia) CALL FOR PAPERS for the forthcoming issues of Armenian Folia Anglistika keywords: prof cache: armfolangl-4802.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4802.txt item: #283 of 374 id: armfolangl-4804 author: Mkhitaryan, Yelena; Sarkissyan, Sophie title: Analytic Causative Constructions in English: (Viewed in the Light of Cognitive Semantics) date: 2006-10-16 words: 348 flesch: 47 summary: Transferring this theory into the sphere of analytic causative constructions, we will view the subject of primary predication as the Antagonist (Ant), i.e. the inducer of the action expressed by the causative verb (Vc), while the Agonist (Ag) is the subject of secondary predication, i.e. the agent of the action expressed by the resultative verb (Vr). The subject of our analysis is causative constructionsof John made Jack run type, in which the relation between the nominative part (John) and the verb (made) is considered to be primary predication, while the relation between Jack and run secondary predication. keywords: predication cache: armfolangl-4804.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4804.txt item: #284 of 374 id: armfolangl-4805 author: Hovhannisian, Anahit title: Semantic and Structural Characteristics of Impersonal Sentences with Introductory “it” date: 2006-10-16 words: 368 flesch: 40 summary: The increasing interest in extending semantic analyses from isolated sentences to larger units of discourse has forced the intensive study of speech patterns. Therefore, one of the goals of second language teaching is to expose learners to different discourse patterns in different texts and interactions. keywords: patterns cache: armfolangl-4805.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4805.txt item: #285 of 374 id: armfolangl-4806 author: Girunyan, Gayane title: On the Ludic Character of Literary Allusion date: 2006-10-16 words: 435 flesch: 36 summary: 1(2)2016+.pdf On the Ludic Character of Literary Allusion The view that literary allusion is closely associated withthe notions of game and playing has long been established, the ludic aspect of alluding being acknowledged by a number of scholars1. To start with, central to literary allusion as a textual phenomenon is the so-called hermeneutical dialogue between text and reader, in which the potential of game is realized due to an interaction between the horizons of text and reader, which Gadamer calls ‘fusion of horizons’2, and in which the role of reader’s interpretive effort is essential. keywords: allusion cache: armfolangl-4806.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4806.txt item: #286 of 374 id: armfolangl-4807 author: Matevosyan, Armine title: Metaphor in the Author's Comments date: 2006-10-16 words: 405 flesch: 56 summary: Human language is profoundly metaphorical, and language as a whole has been figuratively defined as “a dictionary of faded metaphors”.1 The present article touches upon the use of metaphor, its effect and realization in the author’s comments in D.H. Lawrence’s short stories. It goes without saying that in the language of fiction there is a constant interplay of language units which offers a whole range of interpretations and makes an aesthetic impact on the reader. keywords: lawrence cache: armfolangl-4807.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4807.txt item: #287 of 374 id: armfolangl-4808 author: Gevorgyan, Gourgen title: Metaphor in the Bible date: 2006-10-16 words: 443 flesch: 71 summary: In Matthew 26:26-28 Jesus takes a loaf and says “this is my body” and he takes up a cup and says “this is my blood of the covenant”: these are metaphors. In Luke 13:31-32, Jesus says of Herod: “Go and say to that fox.” keywords: jesus cache: armfolangl-4808.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4808.txt item: #288 of 374 id: armfolangl-4809 author: Yerznkyan, Yelena title: Deixis in Polite Interaction date: 2006-10-16 words: 391 flesch: 33 summary: Linguistic politeness as a field of study has always attracted attention among researchers of different schools, perhaps because of its almost universal relevance to the activities of everyday life. Every culture has developed various linguistic means to mark the politeness intentions of the speaker. keywords: politeness cache: armfolangl-4809.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4809.txt item: #289 of 374 id: armfolangl-4815 author: Simonyan, Armine title: The Maxim of Truth in Political Interviews date: 2006-10-16 words: 401 flesch: 47 summary: This approach deals with the political institutions of the state canonized in the Constitution, civil and legal codes, state institutions and parties, the speeches of professional politicians, interest groups, etc. 1(2)2016+.pdf The Maxim of Truth in Political Interviews For centuries language and politics have beenpermanently interwoven. keywords: language cache: armfolangl-4815.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4815.txt item: #290 of 374 id: armfolangl-4816 author: Maguidova, Irina; Decheva, Natalia title: Reading Artistic Prose through Colour Terms: (“The Great Gatsby” by F.Scott Fitzgerald) date: 2006-10-16 words: 383 flesch: 54 summary: 1(2)2016+.pdf Reading Artistic Prose through Colour Terms (“The Great Gatsby” by F.Scott Fitzgerald) The question of colour terms and their functioning inEnglish literature has long been the center of scholarly attention, and especially in the last few decades colour terms have been studied in terms of their lexical, phraseological and linguocultural values. The present article focuses on the significance of colour terms as all-important ‘elements’ of philological reading, something the study of which might make the process of reading an enjoyable and rewarding one. keywords: colour cache: armfolangl-4816.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4816.txt item: #291 of 374 id: armfolangl-4817 author: Yeghiazarian, Gayane title: On the Emotive-Evaluative Meaning of Phraseological Units date: 2006-10-16 words: 381 flesch: 46 summary: “Referential meaning is defined as merely denoting, or referring to something, either by naming it or by pointing it out, whereas attitudinal meaning is defined as the expression of an attitude of the speaker towards the facts of the objective reality” (William de Groot, 1975:69). “Emotive meaning also materializes a concept in the word, but, unlike logical meaning, emotive meaning has reference not directly to things or phenomena of the objective reality, but to the feelings and emotions of the speaker towards these things or to the emotions as such” (Galperin, 1977: 66). keywords: meaning cache: armfolangl-4817.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4817.txt item: #292 of 374 id: armfolangl-4818 author: Sutton, Peter title: The Place of English in an Expanding Europe date: 2006-10-16 words: 375 flesch: 34 summary: 1(2)2016+.pdf The Place of English in an Expanding Europe The boundaries of Europe are generally regarded asbeing the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Ural Mountains and Ural River in the east, the Caspian Sea, Caucasus mountains and Black Sea in the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. In 2004, the EU grew to 25 Member States, and additional states within the geographical boundaries of Europe have made formal applications to join. keywords: europe cache: armfolangl-4818.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4818.txt item: #293 of 374 id: armfolangl-4819 author: Harutiunian, Narine title: Contrastive Linguo-Cultural Analysis of the Concept “Faith/Belief” date: 2006-10-16 words: 459 flesch: 60 summary: Cultural concept, which is the main unit of this science, is a multi-graded semantic formation having its expressive, valuable and notional characteristics. Among all the concepts mentioned, faith is the most valuable. keywords: faith cache: armfolangl-4819.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4819.txt item: #294 of 374 id: armfolangl-4820 author: Zatikian, Anahit title: On Some Issues Promoting Successful Second Language Learning and Teaching date: 2006-10-16 words: 285 flesch: 37 summary: The role of motivation is very important in facilitating successful second language learning. The learner’s psychological state in second language learning is crucial. keywords: learning cache: armfolangl-4820.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4820.txt item: #295 of 374 id: armfolangl-4821 author: Karapetyan, Mariana title: Creating Contexts for Adult Motivation for Foreign Language Learning and Acquisition date: 2006-10-16 words: 386 flesch: 54 summary: Third, they have formed native language skills, which allow them to produce a foreign language using the conscious grammar to adjust to target language structures. Fourth, adults are better communicators (Scarcella and Higa in press as cited in Krashen, 1981), which considerably expands learning opportunities. keywords: language cache: armfolangl-4821.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4821.txt item: #296 of 374 id: armfolangl-4822 author: Gasparyan, Seda title: “Metaphoric Displacement” – a Reliable Guide in Literary Translation date: 2006-10-16 words: 430 flesch: 43 summary: Moreover, it is through translation that people try to find their way in the enormous sphere of world literature and use it as a key to studying the nature of human experience, familiarizing themselves with other cultures and other world-views, thus identifying the specific features of their own mentality and psychology. The question of reading and understanding literature can never be divorced from the all- important problem of literary translation since a translator is first and foremost a reader. keywords: translation cache: armfolangl-4822.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4822.txt item: #297 of 374 id: armfolangl-4824 author: Toumanian, Svetlana title: The Novel “Ararat”: the Way to Salvation date: 2006-10-16 words: 459 flesch: 65 summary: The main concern of Elgin Groseclose in the novel “Ararat” is to try to find the answer to one basic question: “Upon what does survival depend?” 1(2)2016+.pdf The Novel “Ararat”: the Way to Salvation The novel “Ararat” was written by the American writerElgin Groseclose who was born on November 25, 1899 in Waukomis, OK, and died after a stroke, April 4, 1983. keywords: ararat cache: armfolangl-4824.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4824.txt item: #298 of 374 id: armfolangl-4826 author: none title: Front Matter date: 2005-10-17 words: 319 flesch: 58 summary: ARMENIAN FOLIA ANGLISTIKA Sponsored by British Council Armenia International Journal with the participation of: Yerevan State University, Armenia Yerevan State Linguistic University, Armenia Moscow State Lomonosov University, Russia Moscow State Linguistic University, Russia University of Zaragoza, Spain University of Memphis, USA Yerevan- 2005 3 (Armenia) CALL FOR PAPERS for the forthcoming issue of Armenian Folia Anglistika to be published in spring 2006 ²Ý·É»ñ»ÝÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÛÏ³Ï³Ý ³ëáódzódz (²Ý·É»ñ»ÝÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý »íñáå³Ï³Ý ý»¹»ñ³ódzÛÇ ³Ý¹³Ù) ²Ü¶ÈƲ¶Æî²Î²Ü кàîàôÂÚàôÜܺðÆ Ð²ÚÎ²Î²Ü Ð²Ü¸ºê Ðáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ` г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ ´ keywords: armenia; prof cache: armfolangl-4826.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4826.txt item: #299 of 374 id: armfolangl-4828 author: none title: Congratulations upon the Launch of AASE date: 2005-10-17 words: 717 flesch: 49 summary: Reading this journal, you will have the opportunity to explore a wide range of issues both related to English language teaching and learning in Armenia and produced by practitioners from the Armenian ELT community itself. Andy Keedwell English Language Support Manager, Acting Director, British Council Armenia 9 The great mission of AASE to propagate the study of English can’t be overestimated, for the latter is no longer a mere means of communication within a nation but also plays an important role in developing intercultural relations. keywords: armenia; english cache: armfolangl-4828.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4828.txt item: #300 of 374 id: armfolangl-4829 author: none title: Contents date: 2005-10-17 words: 256 flesch: 48 summary: 27 Detached Participles in English Discourse Astghik Chubaryan (Armenia) ..................................................................................................... 87 Global English and New Sociocultural Concepts in Armenia Nvard Yernjakyan (Armenia) ....................................................................................................... keywords: armenia; english cache: armfolangl-4829.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4829.txt item: #301 of 374 id: armfolangl-4831 author: Alexandrova, Olga title: New Tendencies in the Development of Modern English date: 2005-10-17 words: 2501 flesch: 62 summary: Sometimes Internet language is compared to artificial languages, like Volapuk or Esperanto. Internet language is based on this living language – English – or to be more exact, American English. keywords: communication; discourse; english; internet; language; linguistics; speech cache: armfolangl-4831.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4831.txt item: #302 of 374 id: armfolangl-4832 author: Mkhitarian, Yelena title: On the Concept of Emphatic Rheme date: 2005-10-17 words: 1432 flesch: 58 summary: According to their theory, parts of the sentence, representing the given information, i.e. the theme, have a much lower degree of communicative dynamism (informative charge) than parts representing new information, i.e. the rheme.1 M.A.K. Halliday notes that all languages are characterized by FSP, but the means of its actualization are different for different languages.2 Halliday M.A.K. The Place of “Functional Sentence Perspective” in the System of Linguistic Description. keywords: rheme; sentence; utterance cache: armfolangl-4832.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4832.txt item: #303 of 374 id: armfolangl-4835 author: Chubaryan, Astghik title: Detached Participles in English Discourse date: 2005-10-17 words: 2238 flesch: 52 summary: What are the characteristics of non-depictive writing, where detached participles are rare? As suggested earlier in non-depictive writing there is simply less opportunity for the luxury of detached participles, whose relationship with the main clause is so unspecified. keywords: background; clause; discourse; english; participles; writing cache: armfolangl-4835.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4835.txt item: #304 of 374 id: armfolangl-4836 author: Paronian, Shoushan title: Aspects of Salience in Phatic Tokens date: 2005-10-17 words: 3018 flesch: 55 summary: As we see, the first approach focuses on the conversational-regulating aspect of phatic communication: phatic tokens are treated as conventional linguistic signs, fixed for certain procedural needs of communication. Stressing the social facet of phatic communication, A.Capone proposes a classification of phatic tokens which is based on the social factor. keywords: communication; discourse; knowledge; language; phatic; speech; tokens cache: armfolangl-4836.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4836.txt item: #305 of 374 id: armfolangl-4837 author: Bekaryan, Lilit title: Verbal and Non-verbal Representations of Conflict in Speech date: 2005-10-17 words: 3095 flesch: 60 summary: In support of the same theory, it is worth mentioning that there exists some disagreement among writers concerning the true meaning of non-verbal communication. Thus, the use of non-verbal cues is supposed to communicate relevant information on speakers’ emotions, speech, individual differences and interpersonal relationship. keywords: communication; conflict; cues; level; participants; speech cache: armfolangl-4837.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4837.txt item: #306 of 374 id: armfolangl-4838 author: Tonyan, Marika title: Egocentricity in the English Generic Pronouns: Semantics and Pragmatics date: 2005-10-17 words: 2802 flesch: 58 summary: Ö.Dahl, for instance, unites the generic and personal pronouns and calls them “egocentric”: “… generic pronouns are semantically quite close to first and second person pronouns. Even when generic pronouns are not just a way of talking about oneself without sounding too pretentious they are used to describe the world the way it looks from the participants’ point of view” (Dahl Ö., 1997:10). keywords: context; person; pronouns; situation; speaker cache: armfolangl-4838.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4838.txt item: #307 of 374 id: armfolangl-4839 author: Arakelyan, Rouzanna title: Child or Grown-up: Language Universals and Language Particula date: 2005-10-17 words: 2158 flesch: 49 summary: For the most part, research confirms that the linguistic and cognitive processes of second language learning in children are generally similar to first language processes. Some of the best investigations in language acquisition after puberty, more precisely after the maturational stage associated with the development of a first language, have concluded that adults, as a rule, fail to achieve native-speaker competence in a new language, whereas children seem to be generally able to develop full command of either a first or a second language as a product of maturation. keywords: acquisition; child; children; language; period cache: armfolangl-4839.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4839.txt item: #308 of 374 id: armfolangl-4840 author: Muradyan, Gayane title: Lexical Syntagms in Publicistic Prose date: 2005-10-17 words: 1557 flesch: 45 summary: At first sight, this quality seems to contradict the informative bias of publicistic style but, in fact, the selection of categorial forms is carried out so carefully that in any publicistic context the juxtaposition of fact and fiction becomes quite obvious in all these forms. 64 Armenian Folia Anglistika Linguistics It should be noted that the functionally and stylistically meaningful or style-forming characteristics of the adjectives functioning in the category of possibility of an action are acceptable in contemporary English publicistic style not only due to their dynamic nature and semantic capacity but also to their condensed form. keywords: category; forms; speech; style cache: armfolangl-4840.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4840.txt item: #309 of 374 id: armfolangl-4841 author: Gasparyan, Naira title: The Functional Value of the Participle in a Patent Text date: 2005-10-17 words: 2348 flesch: 46 summary: In the text of a patent some parts of successive sentences or clauses are repeated in a parallel arrangement, as in the following articles of the Patent Formula (patent 4.486,765) (from 11 to 17): 11. The present study of patent specifications has revealed a completely new and unique field of linguistic research that explores the complex correlation and intertwining of the stylistic elements, functionally characteristic of scientific discourse and official documents. keywords: invention; participle; patent; patent text; text cache: armfolangl-4841.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4841.txt item: #310 of 374 id: armfolangl-4842 author: Inchaurralde, Carlos title: A Contrastive Study of Lexical Semantics in English date: 2005-10-17 words: 2862 flesch: 58 summary: To keep things simple, we also assumed that the processes by means of which different meanings are connected are of four kinds: - Generalization: From a more specific meaning to a more general meaning. Lexical meaning. keywords: anglistika; barsalou; folia; linguistics; meaning; mouth; structure; work cache: armfolangl-4842.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4842.txt item: #311 of 374 id: armfolangl-4843 author: Ter-Minasova, Svetlana title: Linguistic Aspects of Intercultural Communication date: 2005-10-17 words: 3060 flesch: 56 summary: The forms of words of different languages are obviously different but their meanings must be same. However, words of different languages denoting the same things may be different in many ways. 81 Culture Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika 1. keywords: book; culture; french; language; russian; words; world cache: armfolangl-4843.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4843.txt item: #312 of 374 id: armfolangl-4844 author: Gasparyan, Gayane title: Culture Studies: A Bridge from Native Cultural Content to Learners’ Intercultural Competence date: 2005-10-17 words: 1133 flesch: 49 summary: The process of teaching foreign languages is not a process of making students familiar with new ways of expressing a different language code. In the 19th and 20th centuries the prevailing method of foreign language teaching was the grammar-translation method, concentrating on the presentation and analysis of the correct linguistic form, accurate translation and the reading of literature. keywords: language; studies; teaching; world cache: armfolangl-4844.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4844.txt item: #313 of 374 id: armfolangl-4845 author: Yernjakyan, Nvard title: Global English and New Sociocultural Concepts in Armenia date: 2005-10-17 words: 2206 flesch: 42 summary: In many respects our approach to analysis can be termed discourse-historical, focusing on the centrality of the language, because meaning relies on representation through language, and representation is different across cultures and historical periods. In the first stages of his presidency L.Ter-Petrossian’s knoweledge of languages was estimated positively but in a later period, when people’s 93 Culture Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika frustration culminated as a result of his destructive policies, a folk joke went round as if Levon, being an expert in dead languages (not understandable to people), was driving the country to death. keywords: armenian; culture; discourse; english; language; soviet cache: armfolangl-4845.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4845.txt item: #314 of 374 id: armfolangl-4846 author: Karapetyan, Karo title: Communicative Approach to Foreign Language Teaching date: 2005-10-17 words: 1808 flesch: 47 summary: In the language materials it is very important to trace and to analyze the influence of sociolinguistic factors and then discuss in greater detail some of the more recent developments in the theory of communicative language teaching. A thorough study of principal propositions and the necessity to survey, synthesize, as well as to examine the relevance of various areas of inquiry will help to define the communicative method as one of the most productive and reliable approaches to language teaching. keywords: communicative; language; learning; oxford; teaching cache: armfolangl-4846.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4846.txt item: #315 of 374 id: armfolangl-4847 author: Hall, Charles title: From Legalized to Legal English: The Challenge of ESP date: 2005-10-17 words: 2332 flesch: 61 summary: As an example of the process, we may wish to discuss search warrants in the American legal system. “Into” - Schema Activation If we continue using the example of search warrants, we could begin with an activity that encourages our students to do a social analysis of search warrants. keywords: case; english; house; legal; search; students cache: armfolangl-4847.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4847.txt item: #316 of 374 id: armfolangl-4848 author: Keedwell, Andy title: An Approach to Report Writing in the World of Work date: 2005-10-17 words: 2868 flesch: 57 summary: Both lawyer and report writer have to: • organise language to present ideas; • give information clearly; • include all-important information while excluding information which is not important; 105 Methodology Armenian Folia Anglistika • make recommendations with clear reasons, and persuade; • show why opposing recommendations should not be followed. It might also include an institution such as British Council itself where, in an Armenian context, report writing is a major activity for each of the project managers, working here, each in a different sphere. keywords: analysis; cambridge; language; needs; reader; report; writing cache: armfolangl-4848.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4848.txt item: #317 of 374 id: armfolangl-4850 author: Hambardzumyan, Diana title: Literary Translation as Semiotic Interpretation in the Light of Philological Hermeneutics date: 2005-10-17 words: 1103 flesch: 52 summary: Thus, linguosemiotics is not only closely connected with philology, but is particularly essential to literary translation, which being quite a separate branch of investigation, combines the two aspects of philology: literary studies and linguistics. Language units are considered to belong to both language and speech spheres. keywords: language; semiotics; speech; translation cache: armfolangl-4850.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4850.txt item: #318 of 374 id: armfolangl-4851 author: Nuralova, Stella title: “What a Soul in Those Soaring Shapes”: Transcaucasia in XIX century British Writing date: 2005-10-17 words: 1987 flesch: 63 summary: Bryce J. Transcaucasia and Ararat, London: Macmillan, 1896, p.43 2. Lynch H.F.B. Armenia. keywords: ararat; armenian; author; bryce; lynch; transcaucasia; watson cache: armfolangl-4851.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4851.txt item: #319 of 374 id: armfolangl-4852 author: none title: Communicating Across Cultures date: 2005-10-17 words: 5 flesch: 32 summary: None keywords: cultures cache: armfolangl-4852.pdf plain text: armfolangl-4852.txt item: #320 of 374 id: armfolangl-5233 author: Shevchenko, Iryna title: CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS Of 'ECONOMIC CRISIS' IN ENGLISH: A HISTORICAL COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE date: 2021-05-31 words: 3172 flesch: 43 summary: Among other historically stable metaphors, which are typical for the 20 th and 21 st mass-media discourse, the most frequent ones include source domains CONTAINER, EMERGENCY (STORM, EARTHQUAKE, DROUGHT, SHIPWRECK), MEDICINE, WAR, LIVING BEING (PERSON, ANIMAL):  ECONOMIC CRISIS IS A CONTAINER (to be mires in economic crisis);  ECONOMIC CRISIS IS AN EMERGENCY (financial postwar blizzard, key market dried up, recession of some magnitude, the good ship euro struck a reef);  ECONOMIC CRISIS IS AN ILLNESS / MENTAL DISORDER (speculative fever, the global imbalances plagued the world, financial panic);  ECONOMIC CRISIS IS A BATTLE / AN EXPLOSION (economic hostilities, the bubble burst, the firm was the victim, financial bomb);  ECONOMIC CRISIS IS A PERSON / keywords: anglistika; armenian; concept; crisis; english; folia; linguistics; metaphors; structure; vol cache: armfolangl-5233.pdf plain text: armfolangl-5233.txt item: #321 of 374 id: armfolangl-5384 author: Petrosyan, Alina title: FROM ‘LION FACE’ TO ‘BUTTERFLY ERUPTION’: ZOOMORPHIC METAPHORS AS MESSENGERS OF FACIAL ANOMALIES date: 2021-05-31 words: 4760 flesch: 46 summary: Clinical diagnosis through zoomorphic metaphors For the present, the above list of zoomorphic metaphors is not conclusive and there always exists room for further exploration in search of metaphoric units, which are at play in everyday clinical practice. keywords: anglistika; armenian; care; disease; eye; face; fish; folia; issue; leontiasis; linguistics; medical; medicine; metaphors; ossea; syndrome; vol cache: armfolangl-5384.pdf plain text: armfolangl-5384.txt item: #322 of 374 id: armfolangl-5427 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: Words Left Unspoken in the Lives of the Black date: 2016-10-17 words: 3786 flesch: 65 summary: Through her novels, Toni Morrison shows several ways in which slavery, which was the most oppressive period in the black history, has affected the identity of African Americans (Chaningkhombee 2012). Chaningkhombee, S. (2012) Reconstruction of Black Identity and Community in Toni Morrison’s Beloved and the Bluest Eye. keywords: beloved; black; language; morrison; mother; sethe; story; wyatt cache: armfolangl-5427.pdf plain text: armfolangl-5427.txt item: #323 of 374 id: armfolangl-5580 author: Locatelli, Angela title: LITERARY TRANSLATION AS PERFORMANCE. THEORETICAL QUESTIONS AND A LITERARY ANALOGY date: 2021-05-31 words: 4476 flesch: 56 summary: The aim of this essay is to propose a view of literary translation as “performance”, i.e., as both an art and an activity endowed with specific affinities with those of the actor or the musician. While technical and scientific texts should prioritize information and provide a univocal and unequivocal meaning (for example, I need clear details in order to understand how to run machinery or sail a boat), literary translations should remain open to the polysemy of the original and to its semantic complexity (Locatelli, 2009), intertextual allusions, and poetical suggestiveness. keywords: anglistika; folia; issue; literature; performance; rendering; studies; text; translation; vol cache: armfolangl-5580.pdf plain text: armfolangl-5580.txt item: #324 of 374 id: armfolangl-5612 author: Ravizza, Eleonora Natalia title: A GUEST + A HOST = A GHOST. DRAMAS OF HOSPITALITY IN REBECCA WEST’S THE RETURN OF THE SOLDIER date: 2021-05-31 words: 6340 flesch: 55 summary: The story of the shell-shocked soldier Chris Baldry, who suddenly finds himself in a world which has aged 15 years beyond his memory, may be read as the unfolding of a multi-layered drama of hospitality: Chris’s memory erasure does not only turn him into a foreigner who does not recognize his wife or remember his dead son, but also forces his family members to question the role they have been playing in his life. In the following sections, I argue that West’s adoption of early modernist techniques, such as the limited focalization of the first-person intradiegetic narrator Jenny (Chris Baldry’s cousin) and non-linear event reconstruction allow the conflicts and clashes within coexisting narratives of hospitality, in which characters may simultaneously be foreign and familiar, hosts and guests, to take shape. keywords: anglistika; chris; folia; guest; hospitality; issue; jenny; kitty; literature; margaret; novel; studies; vol; west cache: armfolangl-5612.pdf plain text: armfolangl-5612.txt item: #325 of 374 id: armfolangl-5621 author: Tchaparian, Vicky title: THE EASTERN PHILOSOPHER AND THE WESTERNIZED PROPHET date: 2021-12-08 words: 4364 flesch: 72 summary: Microsoft Word - Maket 2021-2(24) 2.11.doc Literature Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 17, Issue 2 (24), 2021 129 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/AFA/2021.17.2.129 THE EASTERN PHILOSOPHER AND THE WESTERNIZED PROPHET Vicky Tchaparian Lebanese University Gibran Khalil Gibran is one of the few Lebanese authors who has bridged the East and the West and is justifiably considered a citizen of the world. Introduction Gibran Khalil Gibran, a pioneer in the world of literature and philosophy, born in Bsharri, North Lebanon towards the end of the 19th century, was of poor parentage, and suffered chaos and struggles throughout his life. keywords: almustafa; christian; east; gibran; god; life; literature; prophet; studies; west cache: armfolangl-5621.pdf plain text: armfolangl-5621.txt item: #326 of 374 id: armfolangl-5784 author: Ayvazyan, Lilith title: “BURNT TO THE BONE” WITH LOVE, DAMNATION AND SIN: PHÆDRA AS THE SWINBURNIAN “FEMME DAMNÉE” date: 2021-05-31 words: 8841 flesch: 70 summary: In the 1860s, when young Swinburne published some of his most controversial verse, he was greatly influenced by Charles Baudelaire. However, a close reading of Swinburne’s short poem reveals Phædra’s innermost anxieties and places her in the narrative of the Swinburnian femme damnée inspired by Les Fleurs du Mal of the French poet Charles Baudelaire (1821-1867). keywords: anglistika; baudelaire; death; folia; hippolytus; issue; literature; love; phædra; poem; poet; racine; seneca; studies; swinburne; vol; woman cache: armfolangl-5784.pdf plain text: armfolangl-5784.txt item: #327 of 374 id: armfolangl-5848 author: Yerznkyan, Yelena ; Gasparyan, Grisha title: GRAFFITI AS A FORM OF RHETORIC date: 2021-05-31 words: 4560 flesch: 56 summary: The performance of the strategies of persuasion in graffiti texts A very important point to be made is that the three strategies of persuasion in graffiti discourse are firstly performed with pure linguistic means, but as graffiti is a multimodal discourse, they can also be performed with a combination of textual-pictorial or textual-contextual resources. Interesting to note that in graffiti discourse metaphors are not only used to imply the communicative aim of the utterance, but also play an essential role in creating oppositions with the transference of meaning. keywords: anglistika; armenian; discourse; graffiti; graffiti discourse; n.d; speech; strategy; utterance cache: armfolangl-5848.pdf plain text: armfolangl-5848.txt item: #328 of 374 id: armfolangl-6002 author: Poghosyan, Ofelya; Ghumashyan, Varduhi title: ON THE FUNCTIONS OF ANTONOMASIA IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE date: 2021-05-31 words: 3090 flesch: 52 summary: In this respect the issue of a proper utilization of language means in political discourse gains particular significance. Keywords: political discourse, extra-linguistic means, antonomasia, stylistic devices, persuasive function, manipulative function, cognitive function. keywords: anglistika; antonomasia; armenian; discourse; folia; function; issue; speech; vol cache: armfolangl-6002.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6002.txt item: #329 of 374 id: armfolangl-6015 author: Muradian, Gaiane title: TEACHING COMMUNICATION THEORY AND PRACTICE IN HIGHER EDUCATION date: 2021-05-31 words: 2664 flesch: 34 summary: Keywords: communication theory and practice, higher education, teaching communication skills and techniques, visuals, videos, PowerPoint presentation. Thus, the course of communication theory focuses on human communication, on communication that realizes its functions in human society. keywords: anglistika; armenian; communication; course; folia; issue; students; theory; vol cache: armfolangl-6015.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6015.txt item: #330 of 374 id: armfolangl-6024 author: Arakelyan, Hamlet title: THE PUN-GROUP OF LINGUISTIC DEVICES IN ADVERTISING MEDIA DISCOURSE date: 2021-05-31 words: 3454 flesch: 65 summary: Keywords: advertising media discourse, linguistic devices, speech impact, wordplay, punnical devices. The pun-group of linguistic devices in advertisements The pun-group of linguistic devices used in advertising media discourse is regarded as very effective in the light of the impact achieved in speech. keywords: advertising; anglistika; armenian; devices; discourse; folia; issue; media; pun; vol cache: armfolangl-6024.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6024.txt item: #331 of 374 id: armfolangl-6031 author: Danielyan, Hayk title: SARCASM AS A BREACH OF LINGUISTIC POLITENESS: SOME THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS date: 2021-12-08 words: 3562 flesch: 45 summary: The novelty of the research is determined by the fact that sarcasm is viewed as a breach of politeness principles as it is debatable whether sarcasm is a category of politeness conveying impolite implicature as an overstatement of truth, or a category of linguistic impoliteness as an understatement or attitude clash. The further study of politeness principles shows that the concept of politeness should not be oversimplified, as in practice, politeness is a matter of degree and can be conditioned by different factors. keywords: irony; leech; politeness; principle; sarcasm; speaker; utterances cache: armfolangl-6031.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6031.txt item: #332 of 374 id: armfolangl-6142 author: Harutyunyan, Kristine title: AWARD ACCEPTANCE SPEECHES: LINGUOSTYLISTIC FEATURES: date: 2022-06-01 words: 5128 flesch: 72 summary: The results of the analyses carried out on the basis of linguostylistic and case study methodology show that emotional colouring and expressiveness are the most typical characteristics of award acceptance speeches. Key words: public discourse, award acceptance speeches of celebrities, literary- stylistic devices, emotional impact. keywords: anglistika; award; devices; film; folia; issue; speech; speeches; thank; vol cache: armfolangl-6142.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6142.txt item: #333 of 374 id: armfolangl-6151 author: none title: Front Matter date: 2021-05-31 words: 1210 flesch: 12 summary: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 Phone: (+374 99) 255 060 Editorial Team Lili H. Karapetyan Managing Editor Assistant Professor at English Philology Department, Yerevan State University, Armenia. E-mail: ovaleksandrova@gmail.com URL: https://www.philol.msu.ru/~engdep/.../aleksandrova-olga/ Gevorg R. Barseghyan PhD in Philology, Associate Professor at English Philology Department, Dean of Faculty of European Languages and Communication, Yerevan State University, Armenia. keywords: department; english; mail; philology; professor; state; university cache: armfolangl-6151.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6151.txt item: #334 of 374 id: armfolangl-6153 author: none title: Contents date: 2021-05-31 words: 201 flesch: 23 summary: 52 Ofelya Poghosyan, Varduhi Ghumashyan On the Functions of Antonomasia in Political Discourse ........................................ 63 Hamlet Arakelyan The Pun-Group of Linguistic Devices in Advertising Media Discourse ................ 73 Methodology Gaiane Muradian Teaching Communication Theory and Practice in Higher Education ................................................................................................. 85 Translation Studies Angela Locatelli Literary Translation as Performance. Armenian Folia Anglistika – the official peer-reviewed academic journal of the Armenian Association for the Study of English (since 2005) and Yerevan State University (since 2015) aims at fostering research of the English Language, Literature and Culture Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 17, Issue 1 (23), 2021, Yerevan Linguistics 8 CONTENTS Linguistics Yelena Yerznkyan, Grisha Gasparyan Graffiti as a Form of Rhetoric ................................................................................... 9 Iryna Shevchenko Conceptual Metaphors of ‘ECONOMIC CRISIS’ in English: A Historical Cognitive Perspective ......................................................................... 24 Alina Petrosyan From ‘Lion Face’ to ‘Butterfly Eruption’: Zoomorphic Metaphors as Messengers of Facial Anomalies .................................. 35 Rafayel Harutyunyan Approaches and Theories to the Study of Political Speech ................................................................................................... keywords: english; folia cache: armfolangl-6153.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6153.txt item: #335 of 374 id: armfolangl-6158 author: Harutyunyan, Narine title: THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE AND CULTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF CORONAVIRUS date: 2022-06-01 words: 4729 flesch: 49 summary: in order to reduce the risk of spreading or catching an infectious disease.”; social isolation, n.: “The state of having little or no contact with other people; (b) (now) esp. It also highlights the cultural characteristics of the perception of certain peoples of the new reality, notes the differences in response to changes and prohibitions during the ongoing pandemic. keywords: anglistika; coronavirus; countries; covid-19; culture; folia; issue; language; new; pandemic; people; studies; uncertainty; vol; world cache: armfolangl-6158.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6158.txt item: #336 of 374 id: armfolangl-6172 author: Ohanyan, Marianna title: MYENGLISHLAB AS ONE OF THE GROUNDBREAKING BLENDED LEARNING TOOLS date: 2021-12-08 words: 2479 flesch: 39 summary: Keywords: online teaching and learning, language learning, blended learning, social interaction, the English language, interactive platform, MyEnglishLab.  The article touches upon the importance of MyEnglishLab as one of the newest tools for blended English language learning. keywords: language; learning; myenglishlab; platform; skills; students; tasks cache: armfolangl-6172.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6172.txt item: #337 of 374 id: armfolangl-6222 author: Madoyan, Arpineh title: ON SEVERAL RECURRENT THEMES AND CONCEPTS IN SCOTTISH BALLADS date: 2021-12-08 words: 5296 flesch: 60 summary: Within the frames of the article an attempt is made to elucidate these concepts in Scottish ballads and media. The linguo-cultural analysis of factual data taken from folk texts (Scottish ballads) and media discourse (articles) sheds light upon not only the lexical actualization but also modern perception of the given concepts. keywords: ballads; concepts; douglas; freedom; homeland; identity; issue; love; scotland; scots; scottish; vol cache: armfolangl-6222.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6222.txt item: #338 of 374 id: armfolangl-6236 author: Antonyan, Zaruhi title: IRONY IN FAN FICTION: date: 2021-12-08 words: 5118 flesch: 74 summary: To show what typical fan fiction is, I will represent a small sample – a piece of fanfic based on George Orwell’s 1984 (2003) called An Alternet Ending, written by James Masters (2012), a member of Fanfiction net, one of the biggest on-line communities dedicated to fan fiction. The language we perceive when reading fan fiction influences our language and our own production of speech. keywords: daughter; fan; fan fiction; fiction; innkeeper; irony; issue; mufasa; original; simba cache: armfolangl-6236.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6236.txt item: #339 of 374 id: armfolangl-6276 author: Hovsepyan, Gohar title: A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF REFUSAL STRATEGIES OF AMERICAN AND ARMENIAN ENGLISH SPEAKERS date: 2021-12-08 words: 5799 flesch: 58 summary: Microsoft Word - Maket 2021-2(24) 2.11.doc Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 17, Issue 2 (24), 2021 Culture Studies 100 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/AFA/2021.17.2.100 A CROSS-CULTURAL STUDY OF REFUSAL STRATEGIES OF AMERICAN AND ARMENIAN ENGLISH SPEAKERS Gohar Hovsepyan Yerevan State University Several studies have been carried out on refusal strategies that native and non- native English speakers employ to mitigate potential threat to listener’s face when forming refusals to various speech acts, such as requests, offers, invitations, etc. The most influential and best known study on refusal strategies, though, is Beebe, Takashaki and Uliss-Weltz’s Pragmatic Transfer in ESL Refusals (1990) with its famous taxonomy of these strategies. keywords: acts; annes; culture; english; politeness; refusals; status; strategies; strategy; studies; use cache: armfolangl-6276.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6276.txt item: #340 of 374 id: armfolangl-6289 author: Gasparyan, Gayane; Karapetyan, Hasmik title: ORWELLIAN IDENTITY IN STYLE : (pragma-stylistic approach to the translations of G. Orwell’s “Animal Farm”) date: 2021-12-08 words: 4681 flesch: 57 summary: Emotive text translation requires proper initial stylistic analysis. Operative text translation should achieve the same psychological effect on target readers’ behavior as the source text has on its readers (Reiss, 2014, p. 24- 47). keywords: animal; armenian; language; orwell; orwellian; russian; source; style; target; text; translation; word cache: armfolangl-6289.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6289.txt item: #341 of 374 id: armfolangl-6709 author: Yaghubyan, Marina title: INTERPRETATION OF OMITTED WORDS OR THE UNSAID INFORMATION IN EMILY DICKINSON’S POETRY: date: 2021-12-08 words: 2565 flesch: 65 summary: Emily Dickinson: Obscure revelation seems to hold deep meaning (Miller, 1988, p. 24) Much of the compression of Dickinson’s poetry can be recovered under the rules of ordinary language use. keywords: dashes; dickinson; emily; poem; poetry; use; words cache: armfolangl-6709.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6709.txt item: #342 of 374 id: armfolangl-6847 author: Salkiewicz-Munnerlyn, Ewa title: R. LEMKIN'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL LAW AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW date: 2021-12-08 words: 6604 flesch: 46 summary: The issue of cultural genocide Documents from the preparatory work for the Convention testify to Lemkin's long struggle in upholding the concept of cultural genocide, and Lemkin himself wrote in the Memorandum of the Convention: “Cultural Genocide is the most important part of the Convention.” This means that the statutory definition does not refer to cultural groups as protected groups and cultural genocide is not sanctioned by the statutes of those Tribunals. keywords: anglistika; article; convention; crime; criminal; folia; genocide; international; issue; law; lemkin; prevention; rights; studies; vol cache: armfolangl-6847.pdf plain text: armfolangl-6847.txt item: #343 of 374 id: armfolangl-7068 author: Gasparyan, Seda ; Harutyunyan, Rafayel title: MANIPULATIVE SPEECH: A THEORETICAL OVERVIEW date: 2021-12-08 words: 6171 flesch: 45 summary: When the intended target of manipulation has a well-developed conscience founded on empathy for others, shaming and blaming as manipulation tactics can be practiced rather successfully through pressing their guilt and shame buttons, and this can take the manipulator very far (Simon, 2020, pp. 126-128). In their attempt to understand the peculiar features of manipulation Ruth Faden and Tom Beauchamp (1986, p. 354-368) have come to the conclusion that of particular interest is psychological manipulation which is done through “any purposeful act that successfully affects a person to believe or action by inducing changes in mental processes other than those involved in understanding”. keywords: anglistika; armenian; folia; issue; linguistics; manipulation; manipulators; people; tactic; target; vol cache: armfolangl-7068.pdf plain text: armfolangl-7068.txt item: #344 of 374 id: armfolangl-7077 author: Paronyan, Shushanik title: REALIZATION OF IMPLICIT WARNING IN POLITICAL INTERVIEW date: 2022-06-01 words: 5495 flesch: 43 summary: The genre of political interview has been selected as the object of the analysis. Political interview as a form of influencing the audience Political interview is the dialogic sequence of question-answer on a political, geopolitical topic, or a socio-economic topic that comes from a deep geopolitical background. keywords: anglistika; armenian; azerbaijan; communication; conflict; folia; interview; issue; speech; turkey; vol; warning cache: armfolangl-7077.pdf plain text: armfolangl-7077.txt item: #345 of 374 id: armfolangl-7354 author: none title: Contents date: 2021-12-08 words: 215 flesch: 29 summary: Gohar Hovsepyan A Cross-Cultural Study of Refusal Strategies of American and Armenian English Speakers ................................................................................. 100 Translation Studies Gayane Gasparyan, Hasmik Karapetyan Orwellian Identity in Style (a pragma-stylistic approach to the translations of G. Orwell’s Animal Farm) ..................................................................................... 129 Armenological Studies Ewa Sałkiewicz-Munnerlyn R. Lemkin's Contribution to the Development of Modern International Law and International Criminal Law ............................................................................. keywords: issue; linguistics cache: armfolangl-7354.pdf plain text: armfolangl-7354.txt item: #346 of 374 id: armfolangl-7805 author: Mkhitaryan, Yelena; Madatyan, Lusine title: SPACE AND TIME TRANSFERENCE OF MAIN CHARACTERS IN BRITISH AND ARMENIAN FAIRY TALES date: 2022-06-01 words: 6886 flesch: 66 summary: Differences are as follows: when the space objects are enumerated - forests, valleys, gorges, mountains, hills - the latter is not mentioned in Armenian fairy tales as the space narrative in them does not contain the hill as a characteristic relief of the country of Armenian which is geographically true in view of its high- mountainous character. Besides, when the space objects are enumerated - forests, valleys, gorges, mountains, hills - the latter is not mentioned in Armenian fairy tales as the space narrative does not contain the hill as a characteristic relief of the Armenian country, which is geographically true in view of its high-mountainous character. keywords: anglistika; armenian; british; characters; deeds; fairy; fairy tales; folia; issue; linguistics; place; space; tales; time; transference; vol cache: armfolangl-7805.pdf plain text: armfolangl-7805.txt item: #347 of 374 id: armfolangl-7990 author: Hambardzumyan, Naira title: LINGUISTIC CONSCIOUSNESS AND HISTORICITY. GHEVOND ALISHAN՚S COMPOSITION “UNDER THE FIR TREE: REFLECTIONS IN THE BOSOM OF DESERTED NATURE” date: 2022-06-01 words: 6989 flesch: 45 summary: His insight into the aforementioned spheres allowed Father Ghevond Alishan to find a place next to Pythagoras, Plato, Cicero, Yeznik Koghbatsi (Yeznik of Kolb), Anania Shirakatsi, Hovhannes Sarkavag, David the Invincible, Nerses Shnorhali (The Gracious), and others. by Father Ghevond Alishan into Modern Armenian and published it under the title “Under the Fir Tree”. keywords: alishan; anglistika; armenian; author; composition; consciousness; domain; fir; historicity; issue; language; studies; text; tree; vol; world cache: armfolangl-7990.pdf plain text: armfolangl-7990.txt item: #348 of 374 id: armfolangl-7992 author: Gasparyan, Gayane title: TRANSLATION AS A MODE OF INTERPRETATION AND MISINTERPRETATION OF LITERARY DISCOURSE date: 2022-06-01 words: 4924 flesch: 50 summary: In this version a definite scope of language use is created by the translator similar to the ST and its adequacy is achieved by transmitting the majority of Russian origin words in Latin letters, and if A. Burgess configurated them with English endings and affixes, V. Boshnjak did the same with Russian auxiliary elements peculiar to the TL. Translation Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 1 (25), 2022 125 The translator does not use any Latin- lettered transformations of Russian origin elements as E. Sinelshchikov does. keywords: anglistika; argot; armenian; author; boshnjak; burgess; elements; issue; nadsat; russian; sinelshchikov; studies; translation; vol cache: armfolangl-7992.pdf plain text: armfolangl-7992.txt item: #349 of 374 id: armfolangl-8122 author: Galstyan, Anahit title: THE LANGUAGE OF POWER IN POLITICAL CONFLICTS: date: 2022-10-24 words: 5021 flesch: 51 summary: Sik Hung Ng and Fei Dng in their article “Language and Power” have grouped the five language–power relationships into five boxes. Ukraine Conflict: keywords: aliyev; armenian; azerbaijan; conflict; issue; karabakh; language; power; president; retrieved; russia; ukraine; war cache: armfolangl-8122.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8122.txt item: #350 of 374 id: armfolangl-8211 author: Chastagner, Claude title: POSTMODERN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: BEYOND NATIONAL AND ETHNIC IDENTITIES date: 2022-06-01 words: 3569 flesch: 40 summary: Intercultural communication seeks to understand how people from different countries and cultures interact, and communicate on equal terms, respecting the identities of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. Intercultural communication promotes the development of cultural competency and empathic understanding across different cultures. keywords: anglistika; approach; communication; culture; folia; interculturality; issue; multiculturalism; new; studies; vol cache: armfolangl-8211.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8211.txt item: #351 of 374 id: armfolangl-8220 author: Knyazyan, Anna ; Marabyan, Liza title: GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VERBAL AND NONVERBAL AGGRESSION date: 2023-05-29 words: 4213 flesch: 57 summary: Verbal aggression agrees with aggressive language and it is important to note that aggressiveness in the language is a type of communication in which leaders express their needs and feelings with little or no regard to the feelings and needs of other people. Nonphysical aggression includes verbal aggression (yelling, screaming, swearing, and name calling) and relational or social aggression, which is defined as “intentionally harming another person’s social relationships”, such as gossiping, excluding others from our friendship, or giving others the “silent treatment” (Crick & Grotpeter, 1995). keywords: aggression; anglistika; armenian; communication; debate; gender; issue; male; paul; politicians cache: armfolangl-8220.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8220.txt item: #352 of 374 id: armfolangl-8226 author: Gasparyan, Seda; Harutyunyan, Rafayel title: The MANIPULATIVE NATURE OF MEDIA-POLITICAL DISCOURSE date: 2022-06-01 words: 4941 flesch: 40 summary: In perusing news articles, placing a particular emphasis on their manipulative nature, we can plunge deeply into such language layers as that of the lexical, grammatical, stylistic, etc. A functional-communicative view of the lexical material of the discourse of news articles reveals the effect of a journalist's choice and arrangement of words on the reported news and how the manipulative potential of language unfolds. keywords: armenian; article; headline; information; issue; language; manipulation; media; news; trump; vol; words cache: armfolangl-8226.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8226.txt item: #353 of 374 id: armfolangl-8239 author: Gasparyan, Naira; Ohanyan, Marianna title: METAPHORIC COVID NEOLOGISMS AND THEIR TRANSLATION PECULIARITIES date: 2022-10-24 words: 4955 flesch: 44 summary: Translators have to find out the meaning of new neologisms mainly based on the context. The core problem of the research is to examine and establish the translatability of COVID neologisms with the account of the extra-linguistic reality within global and Armenian contexts. keywords: anglistika; armenian; covid; discourse; english; folia; issue; language; neologisms; new; studies; terms; translation; vol cache: armfolangl-8239.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8239.txt item: #354 of 374 id: armfolangl-8325 author: none title: Front Matter date: 2022-06-02 words: 1230 flesch: 1 summary: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 Phone: (+374 99) 255 060 Editorial Team Lili H. Karapetyan Managing Editor Assistant Professor at English Philology Department, Yerevan State University, Armenia. E-mail: ovaleksandrova@gmail.com URL: https://www.philol.msu.ru/~engdep/.../aleksandrova-olga/ ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8281-9164 Gevorg R. Barseghyan PhD in Philology, Associate Professor at English Philology Department; Dean of Faculty of European Languages and Communication, Yerevan State University, Armenia. E-mail: barseghyan.gevorg@ysu.am URL: http://www.ysu.am/science/en/Gevorg-Barseghyan Isabella R. Buniyatova Dr. of Philology, Professor, Head of the Department of Germanic and Romance Philology, Boris Grinchenko Kyiv University, Ukraine. E-mail: i.buniiatova@kubg.edu.ua URL: https://if.kubg.edu.ua/struktura/.../615-.html ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4286-6705 mailto:sedagasparyan@yandex.ru mailto:sedagasparyan@ysu.am http://ysu.am/science/en/Seda-Gasparyan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 mailto:starlet@ysu.am http://ysu.am/science/en/Lili-Karapetan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 mailto:ovaleksandrova@gmail.com https://www.philol.msu.ru/~engdep/department/staff/aleksandrova-olga/ https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 mailto:barseghyan.gevorg@ysu.am http://www.ysu.am/science/en/Gevorg-Barseghyan mailto:i.buniiatova@kubg.edu.ua https://if.kubg.edu.ua/struktura/2011-06-23-12-44-46/kafedra-hermanskoi-ta-romanskoi-filolohii/sklad-kafedry-308/615-.html https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika 3 Elżbieta Chrzanowska-Kluczewska Dr hab., Professor, linguist, member of the Department of English Linguistics at the Institute for English Studies, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland. keywords: english; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989; mail; philology; professor; state; university; url cache: armfolangl-8325.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8325.txt item: #355 of 374 id: armfolangl-8356 author: Harutyunyan, Narine title: “NEW NORMAL” OF POST-COVID AND POST-MODERN WORLD IN THE MIRROR OF THE LANGUAGE date: 2022-10-24 words: 3729 flesch: 47 summary: In 2019, the Oxford Dictionary awarded the title of Word of the Year to climate emergency - a situation in which urgent action is required to reduce or halt climate change and avoid potentially irreversible environmental damage resulting from it (“climate emergency” is the Oxford Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 2 (26), 2022 Culture Studies 126 English Dictionary’s Word of the Year, 2019), and in 2020 the Oxford Dictionary published new words in the list of which included net zero - zero greenhouse gas emissions (Only 2020 could bring us words like these, 2020). The appearance of new words almost always falls at the peak of the development of modern technologies, as well as a period of acute political situations, natural phenomena, the emergence of new diseases, and the development of social networks. keywords: change; climate; era; gender; language; march; order; post; reality; revolution; words; world cache: armfolangl-8356.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8356.txt item: #356 of 374 id: armfolangl-8357 author: Haroutyunian, Sona ; Haroutyunian, Amalia title: THE LINGUOPOETICS OF EPITHET IN O. HENRY’S SHORT STORIES date: 2022-10-24 words: 4118 flesch: 59 summary: O. Henry shows considerable talent in his short stories when he speaks about the truth of life. The linguopoetic value of epithets in O. Henry’s short stories The above-mentioned sad overtones are evidently displayed in O. Henry’s The Last Leaf where the psychological state of the heroes, their feelings and desires to struggle for life are revealed. keywords: anglistika; folia; henry; life; stories; text; use; work cache: armfolangl-8357.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8357.txt item: #357 of 374 id: armfolangl-8453 author: Yaghubyan, Marine title: EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LANGUAGE OF FAST FOOD ADVERTISEMENTS THROUGH J. BAUDRILLARD'S POSTMODERNISM date: 2022-10-24 words: 4003 flesch: 54 summary: Keywords: postmodernism, fast food advertisement, language levels, lexicon, phonology, stylistics, grammar. The use of a wide range of adjectives can be noticed in fast food advertisements. keywords: advertisements; advertising; devices; food; july; new; people; use; words cache: armfolangl-8453.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8453.txt item: #358 of 374 id: armfolangl-8458 author: Harutyunyan, Rafayel title: MEDIA-POLITICAL DISCOURSE FROM A TEXTOLOGICAL VIEWPOINT date: 2022-10-24 words: 6251 flesch: 48 summary: In this environment, the problem consists in the difficulty of reading, understanding and analyzing media articles, which requires essential skills and knowledge. And for being so, he has gained a lot more hatred and rumors around his personality, that is why, appearing in the center of media articles, brings more public reaches and click-baits to the journalists, who, most often use this opportunity for propaganda. keywords: analysis; anglistika; armenian; article; author; folia; headline; issue; linguistics; manipulation; media; sentence; vol cache: armfolangl-8458.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8458.txt item: #359 of 374 id: armfolangl-8461 author: Gasparyan, Seda; Yernjakyan, Nvard title: BRITISH IDENTITY MANIFESTATIONS IN THE POSTMODERN LITERARY FRAME date: 2022-10-24 words: 5394 flesch: 41 summary: Keywords: postmodernism, British national identity, A. Byatt, Jane Gardam, Debora Moggach. Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 2 (26), 2022 Culture Studies 110 British identity in a postmodern context In the present research British identity is substantially viewed in the context of the story genre, as evidenced by the works of British postmodernist authors, whose stories explicitly reflect identity, especially marked with its both social and cultural characteristics. keywords: anglistika; british; byatt; culture; folia; identity; issue; life; london; national; stories; story; studies; vol cache: armfolangl-8461.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8461.txt item: #360 of 374 id: armfolangl-8471 author: Hambardzumyan, Naira; Parsadanyan, Siranush title: TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE CHARACTERS IN THE NOVELS OF WESTERN ARMENIAN FEMALE AUTHORS date: 2022-10-24 words: 5095 flesch: 47 summary: Conclusion The analyzed material and the graph-based semantic representation models for depicting female characters lead us to the conclusion that the mentioned authors express important female character traits through character-specific semantic domains such as actions, portrait components, reflections of emotions and feelings, relationship with others which constitute the semantic space of female characters in the works of Western Armenian female authors. Armenological Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 2 (26), 2022 163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.46991/AFA/2022.18.2.163 TYPOLOGY OF FEMALE CHARACTERS IN THE NOVELS OF WESTERN ARMENIAN FEMALE AUTHORS Naira Hambardzumyan Siranush Parsadanyan** Institute of Literature after Manuk Abeghian, NAS RA keywords: armenian; bubul; characteristics; characters; mayta; novel; sipil; siranush; studies; tyusab; women; yesayan cache: armfolangl-8471.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8471.txt item: #361 of 374 id: armfolangl-8475 author: Makaryan, Anahit; Harutyunyan, Shogher title: ON MODELLING OF THE CONCEPT “CRIME” VIA AUTOINTERTEXTUALITY (based on R.Dahl's writing style): date: 2023-05-29 words: 4406 flesch: 51 summary: It is worth mentioning that Dahl resorts to Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 19, Issue 1 (27), 2023 Linguistics 46 autointertextual techniques through utilizing the same literary devices in depicting the characters as well as applying the mechanisms of transformation in the plot development. Thus, R. Dahl is known for his feminist approach, raising the problem of women’s oppression in the society because of their lack of rights, freedom and power. keywords: author; dahl; foster; heaven; issue; lamb; linguistics; slaughter; way cache: armfolangl-8475.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8475.txt item: #362 of 374 id: armfolangl-8476 author: Harutyunyan, Rafayel title: A QUALITATAIVE-QUANTITATIVE STUDY OF MEDIA POLITICAL DISCOURSE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF MANIPULATION date: 2022-10-24 words: 3938 flesch: 48 summary: Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 2 (26), 2022 Linguistics 50 80528492 Donald T is concerned, thinking of a way-out rapid solution, knows he failed… 80507091 A non-professional media outlet, 80501542 Donald Trump seems to be concerned 80467820 Donald is worried 80460475 Figure 8 Response ID Response 80798248 Donald Trump is scared 80683198 keywords: anglistika; armenian; figure; issue; manipulation; response; trump; vol cache: armfolangl-8476.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8476.txt item: #363 of 374 id: armfolangl-8530 author: Danielyan, Hayk title: SARCASM IN SOCIAL AND COMMERCIAL ADVERTISING: A PRAGMALINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE date: 2022-10-24 words: 3768 flesch: 42 summary: Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 2 (26), 2022 Linguistics 74 Figure 1 Ironic advertising impact model Sarcasm as a means to deliver messages in social advertising So, Lagerwerf’s (2007) statements about the probability of ironic and sarcastic advertising being incorrectly interpreted can be challenged by the above-mentioned example where a creative usage of sarcasm in social advertising proves its effectiveness in delivering the message to the target audience and makes a bigger impact of a result. keywords: advertisement; advertising; anglistika; issue; language; meaning; message; sarcasm; vol cache: armfolangl-8530.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8530.txt item: #364 of 374 id: armfolangl-8553 author: Arakelyan, Ara title: MANIFESTATIONS OF POSTMODERNISM IN HERMANN HESSE'S NOVEL “THE GLASS BEAD GAME” date: 2023-05-29 words: 4323 flesch: 56 summary: Based on a number of fundamental principles of the aesthetics of postmodernism and data on the work of Hermann Hesse, the specific relations that connect Hesse’s work with postmodernism, are considered. Moreover, without underestimating the contribution of the listed writers to establishing postmodernism, we find that through his prose and poetry Hesse makes it possible to speak more thoroughly about relationships. keywords: armenian; bead; culture; game; glass; hesse; idea; issue; literature; novel; postmodernism cache: armfolangl-8553.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8553.txt item: #365 of 374 id: armfolangl-8564 author: Soghomonyan, Amalya title: LOSS OF THE SELF IN POSTMODERN DISCOURSE. DECONSTRUCTING AND RECONSTRUCTING IDENTITY: date: 2023-05-29 words: 2447 flesch: 54 summary: Alienation, this cliché of cultural criticism, a result of personal identity issues and simultaneous search for a principle to reconcile the self with the world and individual existence with society, starts to make room for acceptation and adaptation, that state of the spirit emerging when the revolt is exhausted, when, all of a sudden, the manner in which the individual – intellectual, writer, or any other person – confronted society is no longer certain, when there are no conventionalisms meant to limit freedom, when all theories seem to disappear. Writers turn to ethno-biography, while others continuously tell the history of their family, lineage, so that the consciousness of preserving identity is not erased from the ethnic memory of the next generations. keywords: american; identity; literature; loss; self; society; studies cache: armfolangl-8564.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8564.txt item: #366 of 374 id: armfolangl-8583 author: A Stotesbury, John title: THE OTHERNESS OF TREES: FACTNESS AND FICTION IN RECENT NARRATIVES OF ARBOREAL SURVIVAL date: 2022-10-24 words: 6678 flesch: 51 summary: Another (anonymous) review entitled “Pitfalls of Anthropomorphism: The Hidden Life of Trees”, published online in 2019 on The Odd Website, expresses similar reservations at greater length, while in a 2021 review of Wohlleben’s most recent writing Robert Moor (2021) suggests that “The purpose of this verbal sleight of hand is to humanize trees and thereby impel the reader to extend greater care to them”, going on to illustrate yet another of the numerous moments of narrative anthropomorphism at which (in Moor’s opinion) Wohlleben “overreaches”. The sickly, dying fig tree is eventually rediscovered and rescued from arboreal death by Kostas, in the meantime Literature Studies Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 2 (26), 2022 157 having rather propitiously become a recognised professional tree botanist, who returns in the early 2000s from exile in London to the location where more than a quarter-century earlier his first – highly dangerous – wooing of a Turkish Cypriot girl, Defne, has been witnessed in remarkable detail by the tree. keywords: anglistika; folia; forest; human; island; issue; life; literature; narrative; novel; shafak; studies; tree; vol; wohlleben cache: armfolangl-8583.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8583.txt item: #367 of 374 id: armfolangl-8645 author: Chubaryan, Astghik; Danielyan, Hayk title: A MULTIMODAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF SARCASM IN ENGLISH MEDIA AND NEWS ARTICLES date: 2022-10-24 words: 3969 flesch: 51 summary: Multimodal discourse markers in constructing sarcastic text interpretation are highly observable in regular news articles as well. The combination of multimodal discourse markers assists in the construction of conveying a holistic sarcastic meaning; • Multimodal discourse markers deliver more comprehensive sarcastic messages due to the multimodal interaction for information processing; • Sarcastic text interpretation through multimodal communication is a highly effective strategy for assembling more public interaction around challenging topics, • keywords: communication; discourse; issue; linguistic; media; multimodal; news; text; visual cache: armfolangl-8645.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8645.txt item: #368 of 374 id: armfolangl-8696 author: Sargsyan, Mariana title: “ALL TRUTH IS RELATIVE” OR HOW TO NOT BE FOOLED IN THE POST-TRUTH AGE? date: 2023-05-29 words: 4962 flesch: 50 summary: The discovery of fake news becomes an important task for professionals working with news content, and for an average reader, too. This has changed the way fake news is created and distributed. keywords: anglistika; armenian; content; fake; folia; information; issue; linguistics; news; october; trump; truth; vol cache: armfolangl-8696.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8696.txt item: #369 of 374 id: armfolangl-8756 author: none title: FRONT MATTER date: 2022-10-24 words: 1100 flesch: 4 summary: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989 Phone: (+374 99) 255 060 Editorial Team Lili H. Karapetyan Managing Editor Assistant Professor at English Philology Department, Yerevan State University, Armenia. Հիմնադիր և գլխավոր խմբագիր` ՍԵԴԱ ԳԱՍՊԱՐՅԱՆ Համարի թողարկման պատասխանատու` ԼԻԼԻ ԿԱՐԱՊԵՏՅԱՆ Լրատվական գործունեություն իրականացնող «ԱՆԳԼԵՐԵՆԻ ՈՒՍՈՒՄՆԱՍԻՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՅԿԱԿԱՆ ԱՍՈՑԻԱՑԻԱ» ՀԿ http:www.aase.ysu.am Վկայական` 03Ա 065183 Տրված` 28.06.2004 թ. Yerevan State University Press Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 2 (26), 2022 Linguistics 2 Editor-in-Chief Seda K. Gasparyan Dr. of Sciences (Philology), Professor, Corresponding Member of RA NAS, Honoured Scientist of RA; holder of “Best Scientific Work” award of RA NAS (2010); holder of “Prolific Researcher” award of RA State Committee of Science (2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020); Head of Yerevan State University English Philology Department; President of Armenian Association for the Study of English. E-mail: sedagasparyan@yandex.ru;sedagasparyan@ysu.am URL: http://ysu.am/science/en/Seda-Gasparyan ORCID: keywords: english; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1170-4989; mail; philology; professor; university; url cache: armfolangl-8756.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8756.txt item: #370 of 374 id: armfolangl-8757 author: none title: CONTENTS date: 2022-10-24 words: 199 flesch: 7 summary: 25 Rafayel Harutyunyan A Qualitative-Quantitative Study of Media Political Discourse from the Perspective of Manipulation ........................................................................ 42 Astghik Chubaryan, Hayk Danielyan A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Sarcasm in English Media and News Articles ................................................................ 59 Hayk Danielyan Sarcasm in Social and Commercial Advertising: A Pragmalinguistic Perspective ................................................................................................... 72 Marine Yaghubyan Effectiveness of the Language of Fast Food Advertisements ...................... 85 Sona Haroutyunian, Amalia Haroutyunian The Linguopoetics of Epithet in O. Henry’s Short Stories .......................... 97 Culture Studies Seda Gasparyan, Nvard Yernjakyan British Identity Manifestations in the Postmodern Literary Frame ........... 108 Narine Harutyunyan “New Normal” of Post-Covid and Post-Modern World in the Mirror of Language .................................................................................... 122 Translation Studies Naira Gasparyan, Marianna Ohanyan Metaphoric Covid Neologisms and Their Translation Peculiarities .......... 132 Linguistics Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 18, Issue 2 (26), 2022 9 Literature Studies John A Stotesbury The Otherness of Trees: Factness and Fiction in Recent Narratives of Arboreal Survival ....................................................................................... keywords: studies cache: armfolangl-8757.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8757.txt item: #371 of 374 id: armfolangl-8999 author: Sargsyan, Nelli title: THE ESSENCE OF METAPHOR AND ITS INTERLINGUAL TRANSLATION date: 2023-05-29 words: 4538 flesch: 41 summary: The objective of the present article consists in revealing the cognitive aspect of metaphor translation and the optimal methodology of accomplishing an accurate translation of metaphors from a source to a target language. The idea that metaphorisation is typical of human conceptual system leads to the assumption that the issue of metaphor translation, in its turn, may not be confined within the area of essentially translatological investigation but expand beyond its limits, encompassing not only basic language structure but also the sphere of conceptualisation mechanism operating in mind. keywords: anglistika; armenian; cognitive; issue; language; metaphor; source; studies; target; text; translation cache: armfolangl-8999.pdf plain text: armfolangl-8999.txt item: #372 of 374 id: armfolangl-9125 author: Hambardzumyan, Naira; Parsadanyan, Siranush title: LINGUO-STYLISTIC STRATIFICATION AS IDENTIFICATION OF FEMININITY IN THE NOVELS “SIRANUSH” BY SRBUHI TYUSAB AND “A GIRL’S HEART” BY SIPIL date: 2023-05-29 words: 5844 flesch: 58 summary: From the perspectives of linguistic manifestations of the dialogue between men and women, the prose of Western Armenian female authors Srbuhi Tyusab and Sipil (Zapel Khanjian) requires serious study. In this respect, literature is a certain cultural Armenian Folia Anglistika, Vol. 19, Issue 1 (27), 2023 Armenological Studies 180 domain, in which Western Armenian female authors also get the opportunity to discover women’s inner world, thereby expressing their own attitude to life. keywords: anglistika; armenian; authors; female; folia; heart; issue; language; linguistic; novels; prose; sipil; siranush; studies; study; tyusab; vol; women cache: armfolangl-9125.pdf plain text: armfolangl-9125.txt item: #373 of 374 id: armfolangl-9136 author: Melkonyan, Ashot title: THE SCIENTIFIC AND POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TEXTBOOKS ON HISTORY (objective history vs falsification) date: 2023-05-29 words: 4256 flesch: 56 summary: In Armenia too, the prominent historians embarked on creating school textbooks on Armenian history at the start of the 1990s. Prior to that, Armenian history was taught once a week in classes 8 to 10 with the implementation of textbooks compiled back in the 1950s which, in fact, were rather modest in scope. keywords: armenian; history; national; republic; russian; soviet; state; textbooks; vol cache: armfolangl-9136.pdf plain text: armfolangl-9136.txt item: #374 of 374 id: armfolangl-9179 author: Chubaryan, Astghik; Vardanyan, Mariam title: LEXICAL ERRORS IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACADEMIC WRITING date: 2023-05-29 words: 3241 flesch: 52 summary: The present study is based on quantitative and qualitative analysis as well as corpus-aided analysis of lexical errors in academic vocabulary. Keywords: lexical error, error analysis, Academic Word List, academic vocabulary. keywords: academic; analysis; armenian; awl; corpus; errors; students; vocabulary; word cache: armfolangl-9179.pdf plain text: armfolangl-9179.txt