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International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 

10.5281/zenodo.5537045  

139 

    



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 

10.5281/zenodo.5537045  

140 

 

Art of Medicine International Medical Scientific journal 

 

Founder and Publisher Pascual Izquierdo-Egea 

Published science may 2021 year. Issued Quarterly. 

Internet address: http://artofmedicineimsj.us 
E-mail: info@artofmedicineimsj.us 

11931 Barlow Pl Philadelphia, PA 19116, USA +1 (929) 266-0862 

 

 
  



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 

10.5281/zenodo.5537045  

141 

Hygienic assessment of leading harmful factors in pharmaceutical enterprises 

 

Iskandarova G.T. professor, Tashpulatova M.N. assistant, Samigova N.R. 

Associate Professor, Kurbanova Sh.I. Associate Professor, Sherkuzieva G.F. 

Associate Professor, Yusupkhujaeva A.M. senior teacher 

 

Guzal  Iskandarova, Munisa Tashpulatova, Nargiz Samigova, Shakhnoza 

Kurbanova, Guzal Sherkuzieva, Aziza Yusupkhujaeva 

 Tashkent Medical Academy Tashkent, Uzbekistan 

  

Abstract. The article discusses the development of science-based preventive 

measures to identify leading dangerous variables in the main workplaces of 

pharmaceutical companies' injectable medications production shops, as well as how 

to mitigate the bad effects of noise and chemical factors on workers' bodies. 

Keywords: pharmaceutical companies, injectable medications, technological 

process, harmful factors, noise, chemical factor, permissible norms, preventive 

measures. 

 

The relevance of the topic. Scientific and technological advancements, as well 

as socioeconomic shifts, have resulted in significant changes in workers' working 

circumstances in a variety of industries, including the pharmaceutical business. 

Reorganization and the introduction of new technologies and equipment have been 

carried out and continue to be carried out, taking into consideration recent scientific 

discoveries and achievements [1, 4]. In addition to the positive aspects, high-

efficiency equipment and conveyor lines lead to changes in the working conditions of 

workers, the formation of various factors that negatively affect their health [2, 5].  

On the one hand, the introduction of new techniques and technologies, 

machines and equipment into the modern production enterprises studied leads to an 

increase in labor productivity and its facilitation, while on the other hand, it leads to 

the formation of previously little-studied or unexplored factors of production. 

However, it persists, even aggravates, and adverse working conditions adversely 

affect the body of the worker [3, 6, 9]. 



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It is well known that production conveyors are employed in the manufacture of 

modern medications, as a result of which workers are exposed to a variety of 

elements, the most prominent of which are noise and chemical factors in the 

manufacturing environment [7, 12]. However, the complex effects of these factors 

have not been sufficiently studied, and only data on operations and processes 

performed in separate hot climates are available [10]. All of the above once again 

confirms the relevance of this study. 

Aim. Identification of the leading harmful factors in the production of 

injectable medications of pharmaceutical companies and the development of 

preventive measures. 

Tasks. To achieve this goal, the following should be addressed: Hygienic 

assessment of noise and chemical factors leading to harmful factors in production and 

development of health measures to prevent their impact. 

Object and method of research. 

Research was held in the injection shop of UZKIMYOFARM JSC named after 

S.K.Islombekov. Commonly used, tested sanitary-hygienic, laboratory-instrumental 

and statistical methods were used. 

The injection molding plant's principal workplaces had their noise levels 

measured. Sanitary rules and norms No0325-16 “Permissible sanitary norm of noise 

level in workplaces” [8] analyzed the acquired data [8]. Air dust is determined by the 

method of gravity, the concentration of dust in the air of the workplace was assessed 

in accordance with state standard  12.1.005-88 “General sanitary and hygienic 

requirements for air in the workplace”. The level of gassing was measured and 

determined by sanitary rules and norms №0294-11 “Permissible Standards of 

Harmful Substances (Permissible Standard) in Workplace Air”. 

The summation coefficient was calculated and the class of working conditions 

was determined according to sanitary rules and norms No0141-03 "Hygienic 

classification of the severity and severity of the work process, harmful and hazardous 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 

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143 

working conditions in the production environment," taking into account the formation 

of several types of chemicals in the production process. 

One-way exposure to several harmful substances in the air of workplaces at the 

same time, the actual amount (K1, K2, ...,), the permissible standard (PS1, PS 2, ... 

PS n) of each substance in the air should not exceed one. 

Calculation of the summation coefficient 

  

   
 

  

   
 

  

   
 

  

   
≤1 

  The results obtained. After tablets, the preparation of injectable medications 

in ampoules is the second most popular product [11].   

The injection shop of UZKIMYOFARM JSC named after S.K. Islambekov 

employs 132 people, 97 of whom are women. Ampoules are used to produce liquid 

and powder pharmaceuticals in this business. Dissolving the beginning components, 

filtering the solutions, preparing the ampoules, preparing them for collection 

(washing and other procedures), filling, sealing, sterilization, and labeling are all part 

of the technological process. 

Workers from 17 different professional groups operate at the injection plant. 

The chemical factor is one of the most harmful things here. The chemical component 

outperformed permissible standard in the workplaces of four different groups (shop 

technologist, master, ampoule filler, and ampoule welder) (Table 1).  

Table 1 

Assessment of chemical factors in the air of the 

 workplace of the injection molding shop of a pharmaceutical company 

 

№ 
Occupatio

nal groups 

The average amount of chemical factors Class 

of 

workin

g 

conditi

ons 

Benzene  

(class 2) 

Nitrogen dioxide  

(class 3) 

Carbon monoxide  

(class 4) 

Ammonia (class 

4) 

Obtain

ed 

result 

REM 

мg/м
3
 

Obtain

ed 

result 

REM 

мg/м
3
 

Obtaine

d result 

REM 

мg/м
3
 

Obtain

ed 

result 

REM 

мg/м
3
 

1. 
Production 

engineer 
5,2 5,0 2,0 2,0  - - 19,6 20,0 2 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

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144 

2. Master 5,2 5,0 2,2 2,0 - - 21,3 20,0 3.1 

3. 
Ampule 

filler 
- - 4,8 5,0 19,8 20,0 - - 2 

4. 
Ampoule 

welder 
- - 1,89 2,0 17,2 20,0 - - 2 

 

The results showed that in the workplace of production engineer benzene was 

0.2 times higher than permissible standard, in the workplace of master benzene and 

nitrogen dioxide was 0.2 times higher than permissible standard and ammonia was 

found to be 1.3 times higher than permissible standard. Although the chemicals in the 

ampoule filling and ampoule welding workplaces did not exceed permissible 

standard, the study found that the summation coefficient of the chemical factors was 

higher than ≤1. 

Noise is another harmful component that is one of the physical aspects. 

Mechanical origin, high frequency in terms of frequency composition, broad 

spectrum in terms of spectral features, and steady in terms of noise time - stable and 

constant noise levels measured per unit of time - are all characteristics of noise in 

many workplaces, according to studies. 

The following results were obtained when measured the noise level in the 

workplaces of workers of the main professional group operating in the injectable 

medications production shop (Table 2).  

Table 2 

Results of noise assessment in the workplace  

of the injection shop of a pharmaceutical company 

 

№ 
Occupational 

groups 

Noise volume, 

average equivalent level of sound, 

dBA 

Class of 

working 

conditions  
Obtained results RED 

1. Production engineer  84 80 3.1 

2. Master 81 80 3.1 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

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145 

3. Ampoule filler  82 80 3.1 

4. Ampoule welder 81 80 3.1 

5. Plumber-repairman  81 80 3.1 

6. 
Sterile solution 

maker  
84 80 3.1 

7. 
Chemical water 

purifier 
82 80 3.1 

8. 
Ampoule and dish 

washer 
83 80 3.1 

9. 
Production room 

cleaner 
82 80 3.1 

 

The acceptable level of noise during work for 17 groups of workers in the main 

occupational group was assumed to be 80 dBA based on the preceding data. During 

the inspection, it was found that the noise level in the workplaces did not exceed 80 

dBA in the workplaces of sterilizers of materials and medications, packers, cutters of 

tubes and ampoules, repair and commissioning of gas appliances, medical product 

inspector, auxiliary worker, ampoule controller with injection solution and shop 

manager. Therefore, it was determined that the working conditions of the workers in 

this group corresponded to the permitted 2nd class. The noise level in the workplace 

of production engineer, master, ampoule filler, ampoule welder, plumber-repairman, 

sterile solution maker, dry cleaner, ampoule and dish washer, production room 

cleaner increased by 80 dBA. Therefore, the working conditions was classified as 3rd 

harmful 1st class (Table 2). 

Conclusions. 

Based on the results of a study conducted in the Injection Molding Shop of JSC 

“UZKIMYOFARM” named after S.K.Islombekov, the following conclusions were 

developed: 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

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1. It was found that in the production engineer and master workplaces of the 

Shop the chemical factor is higher than permissible standard. 

2. It was found that the summation coefficient of chemical factors is higher 

than <1.0 in all workplaces and this leads to an early manifestation of production 

fatigue. 

3. It was found in the Shop that noise levels are higher than Permissible Degree 

in the workplaces of production engineer, master, ampoule filler and ampoule welder, 

plumber - repairman, sterile solution maker, dry cleaner, ampoule and dish washer, 

and production rooms cleaner. 

4. The study of leading harmful factors allowed to determine the class of 

harmfulness and hazard according to sanitary rules and norms 0141-03. It was found 

that the Shop production engineer, which fills ampoules and seals ampoules, belongs 

to the 2nd permissible class, and the master workplace to the 3rd harmful 1st class. 

The results from the noise measurement showed that the main workplaces above 

Permissible Degree were classified as 3rd harmful 1st class.  

Proposals. 

1. In improving the working conditions in the injection shop of the 

pharmaceutical company the main focus should be the improvement of technology 

and equipment. 

2. To reduce dust and gassing of workplace air, it is necessary to ensure 

continuous operation and control of the efficiency of the existing ventilation system 

in production rooms, if necessary, once a year prophylactic inspection and 

maintenance is required. 

3. In order to reduce the noise intensity of noise-generating devices, noise 

protection enclosures and noise-absorbing devices should be installed. In addition, it 

is advisable to acoustically treat the walls and ceilings of rooms where such a source 

is located. 

4. It is necessary to rationalize work and rest to prevent fatigue. 



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5. Workers should be fully equipped with modern personal protective 

equipment. 

6. According to the Order No. 200 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of 

Uzbekistan (dated 29.08.2012), before commencement with the work, initial medical 

examinations and periodic medical examinations should be carried out in full. 

  



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