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International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5155178 

73 

    



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5155178 

74 

 

Art of Medicine International Medical Scientific journal 

 

Founder and Publisher Pascual Izquierdo-Egea 

Published science may 2021 year. Issued Quarterly. 

Internet address: http://artofmedicineimsj.us 

E-mail: info@artofmedicineimsj.us 

11931 Barlow Pl Philadelphia, PA 19116, USA +1 (929) 266-0862 

 

 

  



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5155178 

75 

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE BIRTH 

RATE OF UNDERWEIGHT CHILDREN IN THE BUKHARA REGION 

 

Yuldasheva Gulnoz Giyasovna – assistant of the Pediatrics department of 

Bukhara state medical institute 

Bakhranova Nasiba Ramazanovna - Director of the Bukhara regional perinatal 

center 

Baratov Sunnat Samiyevich – PhD student of the Pediatrics department of 

Bukhara state medical institute 

 

 

Abstract: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of the frequency and 

structure of the birth rate of underweight children in the Bukhara region for 2018-

2020, studied the medical and social aspects and perinatal features of preterm birth. 

The possibility of predicting perinatal outcomes and optimizing preventive measures 

for pregnant women at risk has been established.  

Keywords: small children, premature birth, pregnancy, fetus, gestation. 

 

Relevance 

The situation of premature birth and the birth of a small child is the most acute 

crisis situation in a woman's life and requires timely psychological assistance to a 

woman in labor in the dyad "mother-small child" [1].  

One of the most urgent problems of obstetrics and neonatology is the 

miscarriage of pregnancy and the birth of children with a low body weight (less than 

2500 g) as a result of premature birth or intrauterine fetal development delay.  

According to WHO, the proportion of such children among newborns ranges 

from 5 to 16 %. In developed Western countries, the birth of small children is 

registered in 4-12% of all births, and 20,000 small children are born annually in 

Kazakhstan. Perinatal mortality of underweight children is 6-10 times higher than 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5155178 

76 

that of newborns with normal body weight, and perinatal morbidity is from 70 to 80% 

and is an important social and economic problem for the state due to the high costs of 

nursing, rehabilitation and social adaptation of such children [2].   

The study of this problem has become especially relevant in connection with the 

improvement of nursing methods and the transition to new criteria for live birth, 

when the chance of survival appeared in newborns with a gestational age of 22 weeks 

[3].  

Despite the well-known successes achieved in perinatology, the frequency of 

preterm births does not have a steady downward trend and is 5-9% in developed 

countries, from 4 to 15% in the regions of Russia. The highest rate of premature 

births is registered in Malawi (18.1 per 100 births; 2010), Pakistan (15.8), Indonesia 

(15.5), Mongolia (13.5). In the Central Asian region, the preterm birth rates are 

slightly reduced and amount to 100 cases of childbirth: in Tajikistan (10.7), 

Kyrgyzstan (10.4), Kazakhstan (8.8), Uzbekistan (8.7). The lowest indicator is in 

Latvia (5.3), Belarus (4.0) [4.5]. 

The main criterion for prematurity is the period of pregnancy at the time of 

delivery and the child's body weight at birth. Children born before 38 weeks of 

pregnancy are considered premature. With a weight of 500 g to 1000 g-such children 

are considered to be underweight or born with extremely low body weight (ELBW). 

With a body weight from 1001g to 1500g – low-weight or children with low body 

weight (LBW). If the child's weight is from 1501 g to 2000 g or more than 2000 g, 

then the child is premature [1].  

Deeply premature babies cause not only high neonatal morbidity and disability, 

but are also the main component of reproductive losses [6]. 

The issues of antenatal differential diagnosis of fetuses with low gestation 

weight and intrauterine growth retardation syndrome are still controversial. Various 

perinatal outcomes in fetuses that are underweight by the gestation period dictate the 

need to search for additional diagnostic criteria to identify the causes of low fetal 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5155178 

77 

body weight (placental, fetal and constitutional) and determine the tactics of 

managing such a pregnancy [7].  

The purpose of research: To study the regional structure and perinatal features 

of the birth rate of underweight children in the Bukhara region. 

Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 1,181 medical records of 

pregnant women hospitalized in the Bukhara regional Perinatal Center from 2018 to 

2020 for premature birth was carried out.  

Results and their discussion. The results of the study showed that the highest 

frequency of birth of small children was in 2018, which was 559 (47.3%), in 2019 – 

436 (36.9%) and the lowest indicator was in 2020 – 186 (15.8%), which indicates a 

tendency to reduce the frequency of premature births over 3 years (Fig.1). 

 

Figure 1. Birth rate of small children 

 

Depending on the age, women in labor were divided into 3 age categories: 17-25 

years – 582 (49.2%), 25-35 years – 496 (42.0%), 35 years and more – 104 (8.8%), 

who made up the smallest number of women in labor (Fig.2). 

2018 2019 2020

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2018

2019

2020



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
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78 

 

Figure 2. Distribution of women by age categories 

 

The analysis of data on the place of residence revealed the frequent 

hospitalization of pregnant women living in rural conditions, which amounted to 970 

(82%). Among all the hospitalized patients, 61 (5.1%) had a related marriage. The 

study of the level of education of women showed that out of all hospitalized pregnant 

women - 113(9.5%) were with higher education, 1007(85.2%) - with secondary 

education. The level of enlightenment of mothers was of significant importance in 

postpartum adaptation and maternal-fetal relationships with an underweight child.  

According to the distribution by gestation period, 34 (2.9%) newborns with 

extremely low body weight (ELBW) were born at 22-27 weeks, the highest frequency 

of premature births occurred at 28-34 weeks - 590 (49.9%) and at 35-37 weeks – 557 

(47.2%) births, respectively (Fig.3). 

17-25 y

25-35 y

more than 35 y



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
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79 

 

Figure 3. The frequency of childbirth by gestation period 

 

In the structure of extragenital diseases (EGD), the following were predominant: 

anemia-1114 (94.3%), hypertension of pregnant women – 439 (37.2%), diffuse goiter 

- 361 (30.6%), preeclampsia – 347 (29.3%), pyelonephritis – 75 (6.4%) (Fig.4). There 

were no significant differences between the other nosological forms, which is 

consistent with the results of other researchers. 

 

Figure 4. Structure of extragenital pathology of women 

 

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Gestational age

22-27 weeks

28-34 weeks

35-37 weeks

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Anemia

Hypertension

Preeclampsia

Diffuse goiter

Pyelonephritis

Anemia

Hypertension

Preeclampsia

Diffuse goiter

Pyelonephritis



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
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80 

In the structure of obstetric pathology, premature detachment of the normally 

located placenta (PDNLP) was more common - 65, prenatal rupture of the fetal 

membranes (PRFM) - 189, abnormal fetal location - 60, chorionamnionitis - 43, 

failure of the scar on the uterus - 93, polyhydramnios - 6 and fetal disorders (fetal 

development delay syndrome of the 2nd degree (FDDS)) - 27 (Fig.5). 

 

Figure 5. Structure of obstetric pathology of women 

 

Conclusion. Thus, based on the results of the study and statistical analysis of the 

birth histories of small children, it was revealed that premature births occur more 

often in women who permanently live in rural areas, aged 17 to 25 years, who have 

mainly secondary education. Deficient conditions of pregnant women, such as 

anemia and diffuse goiter, as well as arterial hypertension and preeclampsia, prevail 

among EGD, which is directly related to the risk of developing obstetric pathology. It 

is established that the control and prevention of the most common EGD depends on 

the preventive measures of the primary health care system, and the choice of further 

delivery tactics plays an important role in the formation of a healthy generation and 

support for the reproductive potential of women in the future. 

 

  

0
20
40
60
80

100
120
140
160
180
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Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5155178 

81 

References 

1. Karpenko A. A. (2015). The specifics of the relationship in the dyad "Mother-

small child". Bulletin of the Bryansk State University, (3), 61-63. 

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diagnostics of intrauterine and perinatal infections in premature infants / / Bulletin 

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3. Alyamovskaya G. A., Keshishyan E. S., Sakharova E. S. (2015). Features of 

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4. "About global actions regarding preterm birth. Born too soon" / / WHO 

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5. G. B. Altynbayeva, N. S. Bozhbanbayeva, I. M. Adilbekova, & S. S. 

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6. Stasova, Yu. V., & Tereshchenko, V. A. (2015). Health indicators of 

premature babies born with the help of assisted reproductive technologies. Bulletin of 

medical Internet conferences, 5 (5), 367-370. 

7. Fomina M. P. (2012). Cytokine status of amniotic fluid and umbilical cord 

blood at birth of small children. Medical News, (8), 77-80. 


