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International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

63 

    



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

64 

 

Art of Medicine International Medical Scientific journal 

 

Founder and Publisher Pascual Izquierdo-Egea 

Published science may 2021 year. Issued Quarterly. 

Internet address: http://artofmedicineimsj.us 

E-mail: info@artofmedicineimsj.us 

11931 Barlow Pl Philadelphia, PA 19116, USA +1 (929) 266-0862 

 

 

  



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

65 

CORRELATION RELATIONSHIP OF IMMUNE-METABOLIC 

PARAMETERS IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION 

Navruzova Shakar Istamovna – head of the Pediatrics department of Bukhara state 

medical institute,  

Shadmanova Nargis Kurbanovna – scientific researcher at the Pediatrics department 

of Bukhara state medical institute,  

Soliev Alisher Urakovich - assistant of the Internal medicine department of Bukhara 

state medical institute 

 

Abstract. The authors conducted a study on the study of immuno-metabolic 

parameters in the regulation of blood pressure and the assessment of their diagnostic 

significance for optimizing the methods of diagnosis and prevention of complications 

of arterial hypertension. A correlation analysis of the parameters of carbohydrate, 

lipid metabolism and the immune system, an assessment of the significance of each 

parameter in the regulation of blood pressure was carried out. It was found that an 

increase in the level of IgG in the blood confirms the risk of developing 

atherosclerosis in hypertension of the 1st degree, and a decrease in the level of IgG in 

the blood shows the development of secondary immunodeficiency. Each result 

obtained determines the further tactics of management of patients with hypertension 

of the 1st degree.  

Keywords: arterial hypertension, metabolic syndrome, immune system, carbohydrate 

metabolism. 

Introduction 

Arterial hypertension (AH) is the leading risk factor for premature death. 

According to WHO experts, hypertension is the cause of 54% of cardiovascular 

deaths. The incidence of hypertension as the most important indicator of the state of 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

66 

public health is of an epidemiological nature. The prevalence of hypertension in the 

Russian Federation is 39.2 % among men, and 41.1% in women. While in the United 

States, depending on age and gender, if a person lives to 70 years, then 50% of all 

people are hypertensive [1].  

In recent years, data have been accumulating indicating the role of the immune 

system in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular risk associated 

with hypertension. The first line of defense of the immune system involves an innate 

reaction and occurs very quickly. The second line of defense, namely adaptive 

immunity, is characterized by a belated, but very purposeful reaction. From the point 

of view of the development of hypertension, the interaction between these two 

components of the immune system seems to be significant [2,3].  

T-cell cytokines play a central role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular 

diseases and hypertension and contribute to damage to end organs [4,5].  

Cytokines often have overlapping functions, which is a problem in studies 

targeting individual cytokines to assess their role in hypertension and tissue damage. 

All these circumstances are responsible for the variability in the improvement of 

hypertension due to the suppression of specific cytokines [6]. While pro-

inflammatory cytokines such as IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α have a detrimental 

effect in the pathogenesis of hypertension, the role of anti-inflammatory IL-10 is 

protective. Adaptive immune responses mediated by both T-cells and B-cells play a 

key role in the development of hypertension and mediating damage to target organs.  

Correlations are probabilistic changes that can be studied only on representative 

samples by methods of mathematical statistics. Correlations indicate that changes in 

one trait, as a rule, are accompanied by certain changes in another. 

The aim of the study is to study the correlation between the immune status and 

the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism to optimize the methods of diagnosing 

hypertension. 

Materials and methods of research. The study included 64 patients with I-

degree hypertension aged from 30 to 70 years (average age 54.0±1.0), hospitalized in 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

67 

the Bukhara Regional Cardiology Dispensary. AH was verified according to the 

requirements of the World Health Organization( WHO), classified according to the 

international classification of Diseases (ICD-10). The exclusion criteria from the 

study were grade 2 hypertension, isolated systolic arterial hypertension, myocardial 

infarction, type 1 diabetes mellitus, unstable angina, pheochromocytoma, atrial 

fibrillation, chronic heart failure, acute cerebral circulatory disorder, dyscirculatory 

encephalopathy, urolithiasis, cholelithiasis, bronchial asthma. At the same time, 

adhered to the ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines classification (2017).  

All patients underwent clinical and immunological, biochemical, laboratory, 

functional (DOECHOCG, ECG) and anthropometric (measurement of weight and 

height)  researches.   

Results and their discussion. The connection of the complement system with 

the components of blood pressure is established. The complement components 

involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response, in particular C3, have a 

noticeable positive relationship with systolic blood pressure (Systolic BP) -r=0.42 

and diastolic blood pressure (Diastolic BP)- r=0,55. Consequently, the established 

correlation noticeable positive relationships in the study confirm the participation of 

serum proteins in the regulation of blood BP. 

The study of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypertension showed a 

high positive relationship of blood glucose with insulin-r=0.68, with the Homa-IR 

index (Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance) - r=0.78, with C-peptide - 

r=0.72, HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) - r=0.68 and a noticeable positive relationship 

with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) r=0.45.  At the same time, insulin in the blood has 

a high positive relationship with the Homa-IR - r=0.98 and HbA1c - r=0.73 index, the 

relationship between insulin and C-peptide was average positive-r=0.57. The 

relationship between insulin and LDH was weakly positive-r=0.26, as well as 

between insulin and high-density lipoproteins (HDL)- r=0.24.At the same time, 

insulin had a negative weak association with Diastolic BP - r= -0.28. The Homa-IR 

index also has a high positive relationship with HbA1c - r=0.78 and an average 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

68 

positive relationship with C-peptide - r=0.63, and with LDH it has a noticeable 

positive relationship-r=0.35. The correlation relationship between the Homa-IR index 

and HDL was weak and positive-r=0.24, while the relationship with LDL was 

negative and weak - r= -0.23 (Fig. 1). 

 

Fig1. Correlation dependence of indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in 

hypertension of the 1st degree 

C-peptide, in turn, has an average positive relationship with HbA1c - r=0.63, 

LDH - r=0.43 and a weak positive relationship with HDL - r=0.29. There is no 

relationship between the indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and the studied 

immunological parameters of blood (CIC, C3, CRP, IL-2, TNF-a) in grade 1 

hypertension. The established positive correlations of blood glucose with the studied 

indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in hypertension of the 1st degree allows 

predicting the development of prediabetes, or rather the formation of type 2 diabetes 

mellitus in hypertension. The obtained data dictate the need for preventive measures 

to prevent the formation of hypertension by regularly studying the indicators of 

carbohydrate metabolism in people starting from the age of 30. 

By studying the relationship between the parameters of the lipid spectrum, a high 

negative relationship between HDL and low-density lipoproteins (LDL)was 

0,68 
0,78 0,72 0,68 0,45 

0,98 

0,63 

0,78 

0,35 0,24 

-0,23 

0,57 

0,63 

0,43 
0,29 

0,73 

0,24 

-0,4

-0,2

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

1

1,2

glucose Homa-IR C-peptide Gli-Hb

LDH HDL Diastolic BP



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

69 

established- r= -0.92 and between HDL and the atherogenicity index (IA) - r=-0.83. 

At the same time, IA has a high positive association with LDL - r=0.81. At the same 

time, a noticeable negative relationship was also established between HDL and IL-2 

(r=-0.46), between HDL and IgG (r=-0.43). Total cholesterol in grade 1 hypertension 

has an average positive relationship with IL-2-r=0.49 (Fig.2). 

 

Fig. 2. Correlation relationship between the parameters of the lipid spectrum 

and the immunological parameters of blood in hypertension of the 1st degree 

Thus, the established relationships between the parameters of the lipid spectrum 

and cytokines serve as indicators of the prevention of atherosclerosis in patients with 

hypertension. At the same time, an increase in the level of HDL in the blood confirms 

a decrease in IA and, in order to avoid financial costs, it is possible to limit ourselves 

only to determining the level of HDL or LDL in the blood in patients with established 

risk factors for the formation of hypertension. It is necessary to indicate the fact that 

in the study of grade 1 hypertension, significant correlations were established 

between the indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and the studied 

indicators of immunity. Thus, the study revealed a high positive relationship of LDL 

0,2 
0,27 

-0,43 

0,45 0,37 

-0,16 

0,19 
0,27 

-0,23 

0,61 

0,49 

-0,46 

0,38 0,35 

0,1 

0,21 

-0,23 -0,2 

-0,22 

-0,6

-0,4

-0,2

0

0,2

0,4

0,6

0,8

IgM IgG CIC IL-2 TNFa



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

70 

with IA - r=0.81, an average positive relationship with IL-2-r=0.38, with IgG-r=0.45. 

At the same time, LDL has a negative weak relationship with TNF-α - r=-0.23, and 

IA has a noticeable positive relationship with IgG - r=0.37.  

This leads to the conclusion that, taking into account the established 

relationships between the studied blood parameters, it is necessary to study the level 

of blood IgG, which allows early diagnosis of both secondary immunodeficiency in 

hypertension and early diagnosis of atherosclerosis due to its established connection 

with IA - r=0.37. This means that an increase in the level of IgG in the blood 

confirms the risk of developing atherosclerosis in hypertension, and a decrease-the 

development of secondary immunodeficiency. Each result obtained determines the 

further tactics of management of patients with hypertension of the 1st degree. 

Therefore, everything established confirms the dependence of immunological 

parameters on the degree of hypertension and the severity of the metabolic syndrome 

(MS). 

By studying the relationship between the indicators of circulating immune 

complexes (CIC) and complement C3 in the study in patients with grade 1 

hypertension, a high positive relationship was established - r=0.61. The obtained 

result allows predicting the CIC level by the C3 complement level and vice versa and 

indicates the participation of the CIC in the regulation of blood pressure components.  

This conclusion confirms the still established high positive associations of 

complement C3 with Systolic BP and Diastolic BP (Fig. 3.). 



Art of Medicine           Volume-1 

International Medical Scientific Journal       Issue-2 
10.5281/zenodo.5140491 

71 

 

Fig. 3. Correlation relationship of complement C3 with the components of blood 

pressure and BMI in 1st degree hypertension 

Cytokines in hypertension showed an average positive relationship-r = 0.39 

between IL-2 and TNFa in the blood. Therefore, the Il-2 level can predict the process 

of cell apoptosis and the formation of coronary heart disease (CHD) in patients with 

grade 1 hypertension. 

Conclusion: The established correlations between carbohydrate, lipid and 

immunological parameters of blood allow predicting the development of coronary 

heart disease and other organ changes in patients with grade 1 hypertension and 

dictate the need to organize and conduct early preventive measures to prevent the 

development of complications of hypertension, starting from the age of 30. 

 

  

0,42 

0,55 

0,28 

0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6

Systolic BP

Diastolic BP

BMI



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