id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
abrj-588	1	1	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	1	2	©	©	ADP
abrj-588	1	3	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	1	4	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	1	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	1	6	author	author	NOUN
abrj-588	1	7	;	;	PUNCT
abrj-588	1	8	licensee	licensee	NOUN
abrj-588	1	9	eastern	eastern	ADJ
abrj-588	1	10	centre	centre	NOUN
abrj-588	1	11	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	1	12	science	science	NOUN
abrj-588	1	13	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	1	14	education	education	NOUN
abrj-588	1	15	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	1	16	usa	usa	PROPN
abrj-588	1	17	asian	asian	PROPN
abrj-588	1	18	business	business	PROPN
abrj-588	1	19	research	research	PROPN
abrj-588	1	20	journal	journal	PROPN
abrj-588	1	21	vol	vol	NOUN
abrj-588	1	22	.	.	PROPN
abrj-588	2	1	10	10	NUM
abrj-588	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	3	no	no	INTJ
abrj-588	2	4	.	.	NOUN
abrj-588	2	5	10	10	NUM
abrj-588	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	7	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	2	8	-	-	SYM
abrj-588	2	9	4	4	NUM
abrj-588	2	10	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	11	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	2	12	issn	issn	NOUN
abrj-588	2	13	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	14	2576	2576	NUM
abrj-588	2	15	-	-	SYM
abrj-588	2	16	6759	6759	NUM
abrj-588	2	17	doi	doi	NOUN
abrj-588	2	18	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	19	10.55220/2576	10.55220/2576	NUM
abrj-588	2	20	-	-	SYM
abrj-588	2	21	6759.588	6759.588	NUM
abrj-588	2	22	©	©	ADP
abrj-588	2	23	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	2	24	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	2	25	the	the	DET
abrj-588	2	26	author	author	NOUN
abrj-588	2	27	;	;	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	28	licensee	licensee	NOUN
abrj-588	2	29	eastern	eastern	ADJ
abrj-588	2	30	centre	centre	NOUN
abrj-588	2	31	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	2	32	science	science	NOUN
abrj-588	2	33	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	2	34	education	education	NOUN
abrj-588	2	35	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	36	usa	usa	PROPN
abrj-588	2	37	using	use	VERB
abrj-588	2	38	the	the	DET
abrj-588	2	39	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	2	40	econometric	econometric	ADJ
abrj-588	2	41	approach	approach	NOUN
abrj-588	2	42	to	to	PART
abrj-588	2	43	study	study	VERB
abrj-588	2	44	impacts	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	2	45	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	2	46	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	2	47	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	2	48	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	2	49	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	2	50	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
abrj-588	2	51	nguyễn	nguyễn	PROPN
abrj-588	2	52	việt	việt	PROPN
abrj-588	2	53	hưng	hưng	PROPN
abrj-588	2	54	faculaty	faculaty	NOUN
abrj-588	2	55	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	2	56	economics	economic	NOUN
abrj-588	2	57	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	58	national	national	ADJ
abrj-588	2	59	economics	economic	NOUN
abrj-588	2	60	university	university	PROPN
abrj-588	2	61	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	62	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
abrj-588	2	63	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	2	64	email	email	NOUN
abrj-588	2	65	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	3	1	hungnv0711@neu.edu.vn	hungnv0711@neu.edu.vn	PROPN
abrj-588	3	2	abstract	abstract	NOUN
abrj-588	3	3	this	this	DET
abrj-588	3	4	paper	paper	NOUN
abrj-588	3	5	examines	examine	VERB
abrj-588	3	6	the	the	DET
abrj-588	3	7	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	3	8	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	3	9	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	3	10	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	3	11	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	3	12	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	3	13	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	3	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	3	15	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	3	16	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
abrj-588	3	17	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	4	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	4	2	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	4	3	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	4	4	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	4	5	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	4	6	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	4	7	calculated	calculate	VERB
abrj-588	4	8	based	base	VERB
abrj-588	4	9	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	4	10	data	datum	NOUN
abrj-588	4	11	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	4	12	the	the	DET
abrj-588	4	13	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
abrj-588	4	14	household	household	NOUN
abrj-588	4	15	living	living	NOUN
abrj-588	4	16	standards	standard	NOUN
abrj-588	4	17	survey	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	4	18	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	4	19	2022	2022	NUM
abrj-588	4	20	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	5	1	firm	firm	ADJ
abrj-588	5	2	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	5	3	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	5	4	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	5	5	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	5	6	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	5	7	measures	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	5	8	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	5	9	aggregated	aggregate	VERB
abrj-588	5	10	based	base	VERB
abrj-588	5	11	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	5	12	data	datum	NOUN
abrj-588	5	13	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	5	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	5	15	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	5	16	survey	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	5	17	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	5	18	the	the	DET
abrj-588	5	19	same	same	ADJ
abrj-588	5	20	year	year	NOUN
abrj-588	5	21	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	6	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	6	2	moran	moran	PROPN
abrj-588	6	3	’s	’s	PROPN
abrj-588	6	4	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	6	5	statistic	statistic	VERB
abrj-588	6	6	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	6	7	lagrange	lagrange	PROPN
abrj-588	6	8	multiplier	multipli	ADJ
abrj-588	6	9	test	test	NOUN
abrj-588	6	10	have	have	AUX
abrj-588	6	11	shown	show	VERB
abrj-588	6	12	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	6	13	there	there	PRON
abrj-588	6	14	exists	exist	VERB
abrj-588	6	15	a	a	DET
abrj-588	6	16	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	6	17	correlation	correlation	NOUN
abrj-588	6	18	effect	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	6	19	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	6	20	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	6	21	therefore	therefore	ADV
abrj-588	6	22	this	this	DET
abrj-588	6	23	study	study	NOUN
abrj-588	6	24	employs	employ	VERB
abrj-588	6	25	the	the	DET
abrj-588	6	26	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	6	27	econometric	econometric	ADJ
abrj-588	6	28	approach	approach	NOUN
abrj-588	6	29	to	to	PART
abrj-588	6	30	examine	examine	VERB
abrj-588	6	31	the	the	DET
abrj-588	6	32	impacts	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	6	33	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	6	34	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	6	35	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	6	36	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	6	37	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	6	38	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	6	39	to	to	PART
abrj-588	6	40	obtain	obtain	VERB
abrj-588	6	41	reliable	reliable	ADJ
abrj-588	6	42	results	result	NOUN
abrj-588	6	43	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	7	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	7	2	study	study	NOUN
abrj-588	7	3	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	7	4	shown	show	VERB
abrj-588	7	5	a	a	DET
abrj-588	7	6	positive	positive	ADJ
abrj-588	7	7	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	7	8	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	7	9	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	7	10	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	7	11	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	7	12	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	7	13	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	7	14	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	7	15	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	7	16	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
abrj-588	7	17	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	7	18	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	7	19	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	7	20	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	7	21	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	7	22	a	a	DET
abrj-588	7	23	higher	high	ADJ
abrj-588	7	24	share	share	NOUN
abrj-588	7	25	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	7	26	foreignowned	foreignowned	ADJ
abrj-588	7	27	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	7	28	’	'	PUNCT
abrj-588	7	29	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	7	30	relative	relative	ADJ
abrj-588	7	31	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	7	32	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	7	33	output	output	NOUN
abrj-588	7	34	tend	tend	VERB
abrj-588	7	35	to	to	PART
abrj-588	7	36	have	have	VERB
abrj-588	7	37	lower	low	ADJ
abrj-588	7	38	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	7	39	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	7	40	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	7	41	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	7	42	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	7	43	vice	vice	ADV
abrj-588	7	44	versa	versa	ADV
abrj-588	7	45	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	8	1	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	8	2	addition	addition	NOUN
abrj-588	8	3	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	8	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	8	5	estimation	estimation	NOUN
abrj-588	8	6	results	result	NOUN
abrj-588	8	7	also	also	ADV
abrj-588	8	8	show	show	VERB
abrj-588	8	9	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	8	10	better	well	ADJ
abrj-588	8	11	governance	governance	NOUN
abrj-588	8	12	quality	quality	NOUN
abrj-588	8	13	at	at	ADP
abrj-588	8	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	8	15	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	8	16	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	8	17	has	have	VERB
abrj-588	8	18	positive	positive	ADJ
abrj-588	8	19	effects	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	8	20	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	8	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	8	22	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	8	23	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	9	1	another	another	DET
abrj-588	9	2	interesting	interesting	ADJ
abrj-588	9	3	finding	finding	NOUN
abrj-588	9	4	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	9	5	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	9	6	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	9	7	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	9	8	higher	high	ADJ
abrj-588	9	9	levels	level	NOUN
abrj-588	9	10	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	9	11	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	9	12	tend	tend	VERB
abrj-588	9	13	to	to	PART
abrj-588	9	14	experience	experience	VERB
abrj-588	9	15	more	more	ADV
abrj-588	9	16	severe	severe	ADJ
abrj-588	9	17	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	9	18	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	10	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
abrj-588	10	2	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	10	3	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	10	4	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	10	5	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	10	6	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	10	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	10	8	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	10	9	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	10	10	spatial	spatial	PROPN
abrj-588	10	11	econometric	econometric	NOUN
abrj-588	10	12	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	10	13	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
abrj-588	10	14	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	11	1	1	1	X
abrj-588	11	2	.	.	X
abrj-588	11	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
abrj-588	11	4	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	11	5	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	11	6	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	11	7	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	11	8	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	11	9	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	11	10	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	11	11	frequently	frequently	ADV
abrj-588	11	12	identified	identify	VERB
abrj-588	11	13	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	11	14	exerting	exert	VERB
abrj-588	11	15	a	a	DET
abrj-588	11	16	positive	positive	ADJ
abrj-588	11	17	influence	influence	NOUN
abrj-588	11	18	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	11	19	economic	economic	ADJ
abrj-588	11	20	growth	growth	NOUN
abrj-588	11	21	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	11	22	contributing	contribute	VERB
abrj-588	11	23	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	11	24	productivity	productivity	NOUN
abrj-588	11	25	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
abrj-588	11	26	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	11	27	host	host	NOUN
abrj-588	11	28	countries	country	NOUN
abrj-588	11	29	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	12	1	however	however	ADV
abrj-588	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	12	3	its	its	PRON
abrj-588	12	4	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	12	5	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	12	6	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	12	7	the	the	DET
abrj-588	12	8	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	12	9	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	12	10	lowincome	lowincome	NOUN
abrj-588	12	11	labor	labor	NOUN
abrj-588	12	12	groups	group	NOUN
abrj-588	12	13	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	12	14	particularly	particularly	ADV
abrj-588	12	15	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	12	16	reflected	reflect	VERB
abrj-588	12	17	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	12	18	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	12	19	indicators	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	12	20	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	12	21	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	12	22	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	12	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	12	24	degree	degree	NOUN
abrj-588	12	25	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	12	26	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	12	27	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	12	28	within	within	ADP
abrj-588	12	29	society	society	NOUN
abrj-588	12	30	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	12	31	received	receive	VERB
abrj-588	12	32	comparatively	comparatively	ADV
abrj-588	12	33	less	less	ADJ
abrj-588	12	34	attention	attention	NOUN
abrj-588	12	35	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	13	1	at	at	ADP
abrj-588	13	2	the	the	DET
abrj-588	13	3	cross	cross	ADJ
abrj-588	13	4	-	-	ADJ
abrj-588	13	5	country	country	ADJ
abrj-588	13	6	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	13	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	13	8	many	many	ADJ
abrj-588	13	9	contend	contend	VERB
abrj-588	13	10	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	13	11	globalization	globalization	NOUN
abrj-588	13	12	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	13	13	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	13	14	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	13	15	the	the	DET
abrj-588	13	16	increase	increase	NOUN
abrj-588	13	17	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	13	18	bilateral	bilateral	ADJ
abrj-588	13	19	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	13	20	flows	flow	NOUN
abrj-588	13	21	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	13	22	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	13	23	more	more	ADV
abrj-588	13	24	importantly	importantly	ADV
abrj-588	13	25	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	13	26	capital	capital	NOUN
abrj-588	13	27	inflows	inflow	NOUN
abrj-588	13	28	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	13	29	developed	develop	VERB
abrj-588	13	30	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	13	31	developing	develop	VERB
abrj-588	13	32	economies	economy	NOUN
abrj-588	13	33	constitutes	constitute	VERB
abrj-588	13	34	a	a	DET
abrj-588	13	35	central	central	ADJ
abrj-588	13	36	element	element	NOUN
abrj-588	13	37	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	13	38	tends	tend	VERB
abrj-588	13	39	to	to	PART
abrj-588	13	40	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
abrj-588	13	41	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	13	42	disparities	disparity	NOUN
abrj-588	13	43	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	1	this	this	DET
abrj-588	14	2	issue	issue	NOUN
abrj-588	14	3	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	14	4	been	be	AUX
abrj-588	14	5	a	a	DET
abrj-588	14	6	persistent	persistent	ADJ
abrj-588	14	7	source	source	NOUN
abrj-588	14	8	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	14	9	contention	contention	NOUN
abrj-588	14	10	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	14	11	numerous	numerous	ADJ
abrj-588	14	12	economic	economic	ADJ
abrj-588	14	13	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	14	14	political	political	ADJ
abrj-588	14	15	debates	debate	NOUN
abrj-588	14	16	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	17	especially	especially	ADV
abrj-588	14	18	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	14	19	the	the	DET
abrj-588	14	20	context	context	NOUN
abrj-588	14	21	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	14	22	negotiations	negotiation	NOUN
abrj-588	14	23	concerning	concern	VERB
abrj-588	14	24	trade	trade	NOUN
abrj-588	14	25	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	14	26	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	14	27	liberalization	liberalization	NOUN
abrj-588	14	28	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	29	tulus	tulus	X
abrj-588	14	30	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	31	2011	2011	NUM
abrj-588	14	32	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	33	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	34	ndagijimana	ndagijimana	PROPN
abrj-588	14	35	&	&	CCONJ
abrj-588	14	36	wahyu	wahyu	PROPN
abrj-588	14	37	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	38	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	14	39	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	40	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	14	41	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	15	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	15	2	effects	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	15	3	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	15	4	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	15	5	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	15	6	the	the	DET
abrj-588	15	7	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	15	8	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	15	9	disadvantaged	disadvantaged	ADJ
abrj-588	15	10	labor	labor	NOUN
abrj-588	15	11	groups	group	NOUN
abrj-588	15	12	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	15	13	observable	observable	ADJ
abrj-588	15	14	not	not	PART
abrj-588	15	15	only	only	ADV
abrj-588	15	16	across	across	ADP
abrj-588	15	17	countries	country	NOUN
abrj-588	15	18	but	but	CCONJ
abrj-588	15	19	also	also	ADV
abrj-588	15	20	across	across	ADP
abrj-588	15	21	regions	region	NOUN
abrj-588	15	22	within	within	ADP
abrj-588	15	23	a	a	DET
abrj-588	15	24	given	give	VERB
abrj-588	15	25	country	country	NOUN
abrj-588	15	26	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	15	27	deaton	deaton	PROPN
abrj-588	15	28	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	15	29	1997	1997	NUM
abrj-588	15	30	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	15	31	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	16	1	when	when	SCONJ
abrj-588	16	2	examining	examine	VERB
abrj-588	16	3	regional	regional	ADJ
abrj-588	16	4	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	16	5	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	16	6	impacts	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	16	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	16	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	16	9	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	16	10	proximity	proximity	NOUN
abrj-588	16	11	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	16	12	regions	region	NOUN
abrj-588	16	13	raises	raise	VERB
abrj-588	16	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	16	15	possibility	possibility	NOUN
abrj-588	16	16	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	16	17	interdependent	interdependent	ADJ
abrj-588	16	18	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	16	19	spillover	spillover	VERB
abrj-588	16	20	effects	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	16	21	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	16	22	respect	respect	NOUN
abrj-588	16	23	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	16	24	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	16	25	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	16	26	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	16	27	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	16	28	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	16	29	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	16	30	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	16	31	phenomena	phenomenon	NOUN
abrj-588	16	32	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	16	33	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	16	34	less	less	ADV
abrj-588	16	35	likely	likely	ADJ
abrj-588	16	36	to	to	PART
abrj-588	16	37	arise	arise	VERB
abrj-588	16	38	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	16	39	cross	cross	ADJ
abrj-588	16	40	-	-	ADJ
abrj-588	16	41	national	national	ADJ
abrj-588	16	42	analyses	analysis	NOUN
abrj-588	16	43	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	17	1	should	should	AUX
abrj-588	17	2	such	such	ADJ
abrj-588	17	3	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	17	4	correlations	correlation	NOUN
abrj-588	17	5	among	among	ADP
abrj-588	17	6	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	17	7	observations	observation	NOUN
abrj-588	17	8	exist	exist	VERB
abrj-588	17	9	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	17	10	the	the	DET
abrj-588	17	11	classical	classical	ADJ
abrj-588	17	12	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	17	13	traditional	traditional	ADJ
abrj-588	17	14	regression	regression	NOUN
abrj-588	17	15	framework	framework	NOUN
abrj-588	17	16	would	would	AUX
abrj-588	17	17	prove	prove	VERB
abrj-588	17	18	inappropriate	inappropriate	ADJ
abrj-588	17	19	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	17	20	given	give	VERB
abrj-588	17	21	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	17	22	the	the	DET
abrj-588	17	23	assumption	assumption	NOUN
abrj-588	17	24	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	17	25	observational	observational	ADJ
abrj-588	17	26	independence	independence	NOUN
abrj-588	17	27	would	would	AUX
abrj-588	17	28	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	17	29	violated	violate	VERB
abrj-588	17	30	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	18	1	under	under	ADP
abrj-588	18	2	such	such	ADJ
abrj-588	18	3	circumstances	circumstance	NOUN
abrj-588	18	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	18	5	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	18	6	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	18	7	widely	widely	ADV
abrj-588	18	8	argued	argue	VERB
abrj-588	18	9	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	18	10	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	18	11	econometric	econometric	ADJ
abrj-588	18	12	techniques	technique	NOUN
abrj-588	18	13	should	should	AUX
abrj-588	18	14	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	18	15	employed	employ	VERB
abrj-588	18	16	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	18	17	an	an	DET
abrj-588	18	18	alternative	alternative	NOUN
abrj-588	18	19	to	to	PART
abrj-588	18	20	ensure	ensure	VERB
abrj-588	18	21	the	the	DET
abrj-588	18	22	robustness	robustness	NOUN
abrj-588	18	23	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	18	24	reliability	reliability	NOUN
abrj-588	18	25	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	18	26	estimated	estimate	VERB
abrj-588	18	27	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
abrj-588	18	28	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	18	29	arogundade	arogundade	NOUN
abrj-588	18	30	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	18	31	2021	2021	NUM
abrj-588	18	32	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	18	33	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	19	1	this	this	DET
abrj-588	19	2	paper	paper	NOUN
abrj-588	19	3	examines	examine	VERB
abrj-588	19	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	19	5	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	19	6	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	19	7	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	19	8	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	19	9	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	19	10	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	19	11	the	the	DET
abrj-588	19	12	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	19	13	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	19	14	low	low	ADJ
abrj-588	19	15	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	19	16	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	19	17	labor	labor	NOUN
abrj-588	19	18	groups	group	NOUN
abrj-588	19	19	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	19	20	measured	measure	VERB
abrj-588	19	21	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	19	22	the	the	DET
abrj-588	19	23	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	19	24	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	19	25	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	19	26	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	19	27	using	use	VERB
abrj-588	19	28	the	the	DET
abrj-588	19	29	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	19	30	econometric	econometric	ADJ
abrj-588	19	31	approach	approach	NOUN
abrj-588	19	32	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	20	1	2	2	X
abrj-588	20	2	.	.	X
abrj-588	20	3	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
abrj-588	20	4	framework	framework	NOUN
abrj-588	20	5	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	20	6	this	this	DET
abrj-588	20	7	section	section	NOUN
abrj-588	20	8	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	20	9	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	20	10	will	will	AUX
abrj-588	20	11	examine	examine	VERB
abrj-588	20	12	issues	issue	NOUN
abrj-588	20	13	related	relate	VERB
abrj-588	20	14	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	20	15	the	the	DET
abrj-588	20	16	measurement	measurement	NOUN
abrj-588	20	17	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	20	18	variables	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	20	19	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	20	20	the	the	DET
abrj-588	20	21	selection	selection	NOUN
abrj-588	20	22	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	20	23	representative	representative	ADJ
abrj-588	20	24	variables	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	20	25	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	20	26	reflect	reflect	VERB
abrj-588	20	27	the	the	DET
abrj-588	20	28	target	target	NOUN
abrj-588	20	29	group	group	NOUN
abrj-588	20	30	under	under	ADP
abrj-588	20	31	study	study	NOUN
abrj-588	20	32	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	20	33	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	20	34	the	the	DET
abrj-588	20	35	explanation	explanation	NOUN
abrj-588	20	36	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	20	37	the	the	DET
abrj-588	20	38	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
abrj-588	20	39	through	through	ADP
abrj-588	20	40	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	20	41	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	20	42	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	20	43	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	20	44	affects	affect	VERB
abrj-588	20	45	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	20	46	indicators	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	20	47	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	21	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
abrj-588	21	2	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	21	3	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	21	4	measures	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	21	5	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	21	6	order	order	NOUN
abrj-588	21	7	to	to	PART
abrj-588	21	8	assess	assess	VERB
abrj-588	21	9	living	living	NOUN
abrj-588	21	10	standards	standard	NOUN
abrj-588	21	11	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	21	12	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	21	13	thereby	thereby	ADV
abrj-588	21	14	determine	determine	VERB
abrj-588	21	15	who	who	PRON
abrj-588	21	16	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	21	17	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	21	18	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	21	19	who	who	PRON
abrj-588	21	20	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	21	21	not	not	PART
abrj-588	21	22	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	21	23	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	21	24	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	21	25	necessary	necessary	ADJ
abrj-588	21	26	to	to	PART
abrj-588	21	27	employ	employ	VERB
abrj-588	21	28	a	a	DET
abrj-588	21	29	welfare	welfare	NOUN
abrj-588	21	30	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	21	31	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	21	32	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	21	33	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	22	1	welfare	welfare	NOUN
abrj-588	22	2	economics	economics	PROPN
abrj-588	22	3	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	22	4	introduced	introduce	VERB
abrj-588	22	5	various	various	ADJ
abrj-588	22	6	forms	form	NOUN
abrj-588	22	7	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	22	8	welfare	welfare	NOUN
abrj-588	22	9	functions	function	NOUN
abrj-588	22	10	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	22	11	both	both	DET
abrj-588	22	12	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	22	13	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	22	14	society	society	NOUN
abrj-588	22	15	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	22	16	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	22	17	naturally	naturally	ADV
abrj-588	22	18	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	22	19	the	the	DET
abrj-588	22	20	classification	classification	NOUN
abrj-588	22	21	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	22	22	an	an	DET
abrj-588	22	23	individual	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	22	24	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	22	25	household	household	NOUN
abrj-588	22	26	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	22	27	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	22	28	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	22	29	non	non	ADJ
abrj-588	22	30	-	-	ADJ
abrj-588	22	31	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	22	32	will	will	AUX
abrj-588	22	33	vary	vary	VERB
abrj-588	22	34	depending	depend	VERB
abrj-588	22	35	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	22	36	the	the	DET
abrj-588	22	37	specific	specific	ADJ
abrj-588	22	38	welfare	welfare	NOUN
abrj-588	22	39	function	function	NOUN
abrj-588	22	40	applied	apply	VERB
abrj-588	22	41	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	23	1	among	among	ADP
abrj-588	23	2	the	the	DET
abrj-588	23	3	numerous	numerous	ADJ
abrj-588	23	4	welfare	welfare	NOUN
abrj-588	23	5	measures	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	23	6	available	available	ADJ
abrj-588	23	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	23	8	researchers	researcher	NOUN
abrj-588	23	9	commonly	commonly	ADV
abrj-588	23	10	rely	rely	VERB
abrj-588	23	11	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	23	12	indicators	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	23	13	such	such	ADJ
abrj-588	23	14	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	23	15	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	23	16	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	23	17	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	23	18	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	23	19	wealth	wealth	NOUN
abrj-588	23	20	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	23	21	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	23	22	other	other	ADJ
abrj-588	23	23	observable	observable	ADJ
abrj-588	23	24	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	23	25	measurable	measurable	ADJ
abrj-588	23	26	indicators	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	23	27	to	to	PART
abrj-588	23	28	reflect	reflect	VERB
abrj-588	23	29	the	the	DET
abrj-588	23	30	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	23	31	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	23	32	welfare	welfare	NOUN
abrj-588	23	33	attained	attain	VERB
abrj-588	23	34	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	23	35	each	each	DET
abrj-588	23	36	individual	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	23	37	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	24	1	once	once	ADV
abrj-588	24	2	an	an	DET
abrj-588	24	3	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
abrj-588	24	4	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	24	5	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	24	6	been	be	AUX
abrj-588	24	7	selected	select	VERB
abrj-588	24	8	to	to	PART
abrj-588	24	9	represent	represent	VERB
abrj-588	24	10	the	the	DET
abrj-588	24	11	welfare	welfare	NOUN
abrj-588	24	12	status	status	NOUN
abrj-588	24	13	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	24	14	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	24	15	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	24	16	households	household	NOUN
abrj-588	24	17	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	24	18	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	24	19	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	24	20	essential	essential	ADJ
abrj-588	24	21	to	to	PART
abrj-588	24	22	establish	establish	VERB
abrj-588	24	23	a	a	DET
abrj-588	24	24	threshold	threshold	NOUN
abrj-588	24	25	to	to	PART
abrj-588	24	26	distinguish	distinguish	VERB
abrj-588	24	27	between	between	ADP
abrj-588	24	28	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	24	29	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	24	30	non	non	ADJ
abrj-588	24	31	-	-	NOUN
abrj-588	24	32	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	24	33	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	1	alternatively	alternatively	ADV
abrj-588	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	3	multiple	multiple	ADJ
abrj-588	25	4	mailto:hungnv0711@neu.edu.vn	mailto:hungnv0711@neu.edu.vn	PROPN
abrj-588	25	5	https://doi.org/10.55220/2576-6759.588	https://doi.org/10.55220/2576-6759.588	PROPN
abrj-588	25	6	asian	asian	PROPN
abrj-588	25	7	business	business	PROPN
abrj-588	25	8	research	research	PROPN
abrj-588	25	9	journal	journal	NOUN
abrj-588	25	10	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	11	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	25	12	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	13	10(10	10(10	NUM
abrj-588	25	14	):	):	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	15	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	25	16	-	-	SYM
abrj-588	25	17	4	4	NUM
abrj-588	25	18	2	2	NUM
abrj-588	25	19	©	©	PROPN
abrj-588	25	20	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	25	21	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	25	22	the	the	DET
abrj-588	25	23	author	author	NOUN
abrj-588	25	24	;	;	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	25	licensee	licensee	NOUN
abrj-588	25	26	eastern	eastern	ADJ
abrj-588	25	27	centre	centre	NOUN
abrj-588	25	28	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	25	29	science	science	NOUN
abrj-588	25	30	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	25	31	education	education	NOUN
abrj-588	25	32	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	33	usa	usa	PROPN
abrj-588	25	34	thresholds	threshold	NOUN
abrj-588	25	35	may	may	AUX
abrj-588	25	36	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	25	37	set	set	VERB
abrj-588	25	38	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	25	39	the	the	DET
abrj-588	25	40	objective	objective	NOUN
abrj-588	25	41	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	25	42	to	to	PART
abrj-588	25	43	categorize	categorize	VERB
abrj-588	25	44	the	the	DET
abrj-588	25	45	population	population	NOUN
abrj-588	25	46	into	into	ADP
abrj-588	25	47	more	more	ADV
abrj-588	25	48	detailed	detailed	ADJ
abrj-588	25	49	groups	group	NOUN
abrj-588	25	50	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	51	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	25	52	instance	instance	NOUN
abrj-588	25	53	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	54	the	the	DET
abrj-588	25	55	extremely	extremely	ADV
abrj-588	25	56	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	25	57	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	58	the	the	DET
abrj-588	25	59	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	25	60	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	61	the	the	DET
abrj-588	25	62	near	near	ADV
abrj-588	25	63	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	64	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	25	65	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	66	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	25	67	those	those	PRON
abrj-588	25	68	above	above	ADP
abrj-588	25	69	the	the	DET
abrj-588	25	70	near	near	ADJ
abrj-588	25	71	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	25	72	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	25	73	threshold	threshold	NOUN
abrj-588	25	74	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	26	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	26	2	choice	choice	NOUN
abrj-588	26	3	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	26	4	such	such	ADJ
abrj-588	26	5	thresholds	threshold	NOUN
abrj-588	26	6	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	26	7	long	long	ADV
abrj-588	26	8	been	be	AUX
abrj-588	26	9	a	a	DET
abrj-588	26	10	matter	matter	NOUN
abrj-588	26	11	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	26	12	considerable	considerable	ADJ
abrj-588	26	13	debate	debate	NOUN
abrj-588	26	14	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	1	once	once	ADV
abrj-588	27	2	a	a	DET
abrj-588	27	3	welfare	welfare	NOUN
abrj-588	27	4	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	27	5	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	6	most	most	ADV
abrj-588	27	7	commonly	commonly	ADV
abrj-588	27	8	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	27	9	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	27	10	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	27	11	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	12	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	27	13	been	be	AUX
abrj-588	27	14	identified	identify	VERB
abrj-588	27	15	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	16	along	along	ADP
abrj-588	27	17	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	27	18	one	one	NUM
abrj-588	27	19	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	20	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	27	21	several	several	ADJ
abrj-588	27	22	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	23	thresholds	threshold	VERB
abrj-588	27	24	to	to	PART
abrj-588	27	25	define	define	VERB
abrj-588	27	26	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	27	27	status	status	NOUN
abrj-588	27	28	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	29	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	27	30	different	different	ADJ
abrj-588	27	31	levels	level	NOUN
abrj-588	27	32	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	27	33	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	27	34	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	35	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	27	36	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	27	37	becomes	become	VERB
abrj-588	27	38	possible	possible	ADJ
abrj-588	27	39	to	to	PART
abrj-588	27	40	determine	determine	VERB
abrj-588	27	41	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	27	42	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	27	43	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	27	44	households	household	NOUN
abrj-588	27	45	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	27	46	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	27	47	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	28	1	however	however	ADV
abrj-588	28	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	28	3	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	28	4	order	order	NOUN
abrj-588	28	5	to	to	PART
abrj-588	28	6	assess	assess	VERB
abrj-588	28	7	the	the	DET
abrj-588	28	8	overall	overall	ADJ
abrj-588	28	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	28	10	situation	situation	NOUN
abrj-588	28	11	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	28	12	a	a	DET
abrj-588	28	13	community	community	NOUN
abrj-588	28	14	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	28	15	one	one	PRON
abrj-588	28	16	may	may	AUX
abrj-588	28	17	approach	approach	VERB
abrj-588	28	18	the	the	DET
abrj-588	28	19	issue	issue	NOUN
abrj-588	28	20	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	28	21	multiple	multiple	ADJ
abrj-588	28	22	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
abrj-588	28	23	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	28	24	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	28	25	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	28	26	consequently	consequently	ADV
abrj-588	28	27	led	lead	VERB
abrj-588	28	28	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	28	29	the	the	DET
abrj-588	28	30	development	development	NOUN
abrj-588	28	31	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	28	32	various	various	ADJ
abrj-588	28	33	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	28	34	measures	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	28	35	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	28	36	world	world	PROPN
abrj-588	28	37	bank	bank	NOUN
abrj-588	28	38	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	28	39	2005	2005	NUM
abrj-588	28	40	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	29	1	[	[	X
abrj-588	29	2	1	1	X
abrj-588	29	3	]	]	PUNCT
abrj-588	29	4	headcount	headcount	VERB
abrj-588	29	5	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	29	6	the	the	DET
abrj-588	29	7	most	most	ADV
abrj-588	29	8	commonly	commonly	ADV
abrj-588	29	9	used	use	VERB
abrj-588	29	10	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	29	11	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	29	12	the	the	DET
abrj-588	29	13	headcount	headcount	NOUN
abrj-588	29	14	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	29	15	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	29	16	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	29	17	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	29	18	simply	simply	ADV
abrj-588	29	19	calculated	calculate	VERB
abrj-588	29	20	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	29	21	the	the	DET
abrj-588	29	22	proportion	proportion	NOUN
abrj-588	29	23	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	29	24	the	the	DET
abrj-588	29	25	population	population	NOUN
abrj-588	29	26	classified	classify	VERB
abrj-588	29	27	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	29	28	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	29	29	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	30	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	30	2	formula	formula	NOUN
abrj-588	30	3	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	30	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	30	5	headcount	headcount	NOUN
abrj-588	30	6	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	30	7	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	30	8	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	30	9	follows	follow	VERB
abrj-588	30	10	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	30	11	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	31	1	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	31	2	0	0	SYM
abrj-588	31	3	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	31	4	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	31	5	n	n	NOUN
abrj-588	32	1	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	33	1	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	33	2	p	p	VERB
abrj-588	34	1	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	34	2	y	y	PROPN
abrj-588	34	3	z	z	NOUN
abrj-588	34	4	n	n	NOUN
abrj-588	34	5	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	34	6	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	34	7			PROPN
abrj-588	34	8	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	34	9	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	34	10	p0	p0	NOUN
abrj-588	34	11	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	34	12	the	the	DET
abrj-588	34	13	headcount	headcount	NOUN
abrj-588	34	14	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	34	15	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	34	16	n	n	PRON
abrj-588	34	17	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	34	18	total	total	ADJ
abrj-588	34	19	population	population	NOUN
abrj-588	34	20	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	35	1	here	here	ADV
abrj-588	35	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	35	3	i(⋅	i(⋅	ADV
abrj-588	35	4	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	35	5	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	35	6	an	an	DET
abrj-588	35	7	indicator	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	35	8	function	function	NOUN
abrj-588	35	9	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	35	10	takes	take	VERB
abrj-588	35	11	the	the	DET
abrj-588	35	12	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	35	13	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	35	14	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	35	15	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	35	16	the	the	DET
abrj-588	35	17	condition	condition	NOUN
abrj-588	35	18	inside	inside	ADP
abrj-588	35	19	the	the	DET
abrj-588	35	20	parentheses	parenthesis	NOUN
abrj-588	35	21	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	35	22	satisfied	satisfied	ADJ
abrj-588	35	23	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	35	24	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	35	25	0	0	NUM
abrj-588	35	26	otherwise	otherwise	ADV
abrj-588	35	27	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	36	1	this	this	PRON
abrj-588	36	2	implies	imply	VERB
abrj-588	36	3	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	36	4	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	36	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	36	6	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	36	7	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	36	8	yi	yi	PROPN
abrj-588	36	9	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	36	10	lower	low	ADJ
abrj-588	36	11	than	than	SCONJ
abrj-588	36	12	the	the	DET
abrj-588	36	13	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	36	14	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	36	15	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	36	16	z	z	NOUN
abrj-588	36	17	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	36	18	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	36	19	then	then	ADV
abrj-588	36	20	i(⋅	i(⋅	NOUN
abrj-588	36	21	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	36	22	takes	take	VERB
abrj-588	36	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	36	24	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	36	25	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	36	26	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	36	27	the	the	DET
abrj-588	36	28	household	household	NOUN
abrj-588	36	29	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	36	30	classified	classify	VERB
abrj-588	36	31	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	36	32	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	36	33	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	37	1	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	37	2	instance	instance	NOUN
abrj-588	37	3	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	37	4	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	37	5	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	37	6	a	a	DET
abrj-588	37	7	sample	sample	NOUN
abrj-588	37	8	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	37	9	300	300	NUM
abrj-588	37	10	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	37	11	there	there	PRON
abrj-588	37	12	are	be	VERB
abrj-588	37	13	60	60	NUM
abrj-588	37	14	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	37	15	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	37	16	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	37	17	then	then	ADV
abrj-588	37	18	the	the	DET
abrj-588	37	19	indicator	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	37	20	function	function	NOUN
abrj-588	37	21	i(⋅	i(⋅	ADV
abrj-588	37	22	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	37	23	will	will	AUX
abrj-588	37	24	take	take	VERB
abrj-588	37	25	the	the	DET
abrj-588	37	26	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	37	27	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	37	28	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	37	29	60	60	NUM
abrj-588	37	30	cases	case	NOUN
abrj-588	37	31	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	37	32	0	0	NUM
abrj-588	37	33	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	37	34	the	the	DET
abrj-588	37	35	remaining	remain	VERB
abrj-588	37	36	ones	one	NOUN
abrj-588	37	37	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	38	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
abrj-588	38	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	38	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	38	4	total	total	ADJ
abrj-588	38	5	number	number	NOUN
abrj-588	38	6	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	38	7	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	38	8	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	38	9	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	38	10	60	60	NUM
abrj-588	38	11	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	38	12	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	38	13	the	the	DET
abrj-588	38	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	38	15	rate	rate	NOUN
abrj-588	38	16	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	38	17	therefore	therefore	ADV
abrj-588	38	18	20	20	NUM
abrj-588	38	19	%	%	NOUN
abrj-588	38	20	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	39	1	[	[	X
abrj-588	39	2	2	2	NUM
abrj-588	39	3	]	]	PUNCT
abrj-588	39	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	39	5	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	39	6	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	39	7	another	another	DET
abrj-588	39	8	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	39	9	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	39	10	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	39	11	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	39	12	also	also	ADV
abrj-588	39	13	widely	widely	ADV
abrj-588	39	14	used	use	VERB
abrj-588	39	15	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	39	16	the	the	DET
abrj-588	39	17	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	39	18	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	39	19	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	39	20	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	39	21	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	39	22	aggregates	aggregate	VERB
abrj-588	39	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	39	24	shortfall	shortfall	NOUN
abrj-588	39	25	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	39	26	the	the	DET
abrj-588	39	27	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	39	28	relative	relative	NOUN
abrj-588	39	29	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	39	30	the	the	DET
abrj-588	39	31	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	39	32	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	39	33	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	39	34	computes	compute	VERB
abrj-588	39	35	the	the	DET
abrj-588	39	36	average	average	ADJ
abrj-588	39	37	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	39	38	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	40	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
abrj-588	40	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	40	3	let	let	VERB
abrj-588	40	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	40	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	40	6	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	40	7	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	40	8	denoted	denote	VERB
abrj-588	40	9	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	40	10	gi	gi	NOUN
abrj-588	40	11	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	40	12	the	the	DET
abrj-588	40	13	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	40	14	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	40	15	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	40	16	z	z	PROPN
abrj-588	40	17	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	40	18	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	40	19	actual	actual	ADJ
abrj-588	40	20	income	income	NOUN
abrj-588	40	21	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	40	22	yi	yi	PROPN
abrj-588	40	23	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	41	1	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	41	2	that	that	DET
abrj-588	41	3	case	case	NOUN
abrj-588	41	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	41	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	41	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	41	7	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	41	8	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	41	9	an	an	DET
abrj-588	41	10	individual	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	41	11	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	41	12	calculated	calculate	VERB
abrj-588	41	13	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	41	14	follows	follow	VERB
abrj-588	41	15	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	41	16	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	41	17	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	41	18	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	41	19	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	41	20	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	41	21	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	41	22	ig	ig	VERB
abrj-588	41	23	z	z	NOUN
abrj-588	41	24	y	y	INTJ
abrj-588	42	1	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	42	2	y	y	INTJ
abrj-588	42	3	z=	z=	VERB
abrj-588	43	1	−	−	PROPN
abrj-588	43	2			PROPN
abrj-588	43	3			PROPN
abrj-588	43	4	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	43	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	43	6	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	43	7	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	43	8	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	43	9	p1	p1	NOUN
abrj-588	43	10	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	43	11	can	can	AUX
abrj-588	43	12	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	43	13	calculated	calculate	VERB
abrj-588	43	14	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	43	15	follow	follow	NOUN
abrj-588	43	16	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	43	17	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	43	18	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	43	19	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	43	20	n	n	NUM
abrj-588	44	1	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	44	2	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	44	3	g	g	PROPN
abrj-588	44	4	p	p	NOUN
abrj-588	44	5	n	n	PROPN
abrj-588	44	6	z=	z=	PUNCT
abrj-588	44	7	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	44	8			X
abrj-588	44	9	here	here	ADV
abrj-588	44	10	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	44	11	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	44	12	who	who	PRON
abrj-588	44	13	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	44	14	not	not	PART
abrj-588	44	15	classified	classify	VERB
abrj-588	44	16	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	44	17	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	44	18	will	will	AUX
abrj-588	44	19	have	have	VERB
abrj-588	44	20	a	a	DET
abrj-588	44	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	44	22	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	44	23	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	44	24	zero	zero	NUM
abrj-588	44	25	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	45	1	this	this	DET
abrj-588	45	2	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	45	3	can	can	AUX
abrj-588	45	4	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	45	5	interpreted	interpret	VERB
abrj-588	45	6	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	45	7	reflecting	reflect	VERB
abrj-588	45	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	45	9	minimum	minimum	ADJ
abrj-588	45	10	cost	cost	NOUN
abrj-588	45	11	required	require	VERB
abrj-588	45	12	to	to	PART
abrj-588	45	13	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
abrj-588	45	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	45	15	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	45	16	relative	relative	ADJ
abrj-588	45	17	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	45	18	the	the	DET
abrj-588	45	19	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	45	20	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	45	21	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	45	22	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	46	1	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	46	2	examining	examine	VERB
abrj-588	46	3	this	this	DET
abrj-588	46	4	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	46	5	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	46	6	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	46	7	can	can	AUX
abrj-588	46	8	determine	determine	VERB
abrj-588	46	9	the	the	DET
abrj-588	46	10	amount	amount	NOUN
abrj-588	46	11	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	46	12	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	46	13	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	46	14	must	must	AUX
abrj-588	46	15	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	46	16	subsidized	subsidize	VERB
abrj-588	46	17	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	46	18	the	the	DET
abrj-588	46	19	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	46	20	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	46	21	relative	relative	ADJ
abrj-588	46	22	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	46	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	46	24	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	46	25	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	46	26	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	46	27	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	46	28	order	order	NOUN
abrj-588	46	29	to	to	PART
abrj-588	46	30	lift	lift	VERB
abrj-588	46	31	them	they	PRON
abrj-588	46	32	above	above	ADP
abrj-588	46	33	the	the	DET
abrj-588	46	34	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	46	35	threshold	threshold	NOUN
abrj-588	46	36	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	47	1	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	47	2	∑gi	∑gi	PRON
abrj-588	47	3	represents	represent	VERB
abrj-588	47	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	47	5	minimum	minimum	ADJ
abrj-588	47	6	amount	amount	NOUN
abrj-588	47	7	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	47	8	subsidy	subsidy	NOUN
abrj-588	47	9	required	require	VERB
abrj-588	47	10	to	to	PART
abrj-588	47	11	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
abrj-588	47	12	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	47	13	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	47	14	then	then	ADV
abrj-588	47	15	nz	nz	PROPN
abrj-588	47	16	denotes	denote	VERB
abrj-588	47	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	47	18	maximum	maximum	ADJ
abrj-588	47	19	amount	amount	NOUN
abrj-588	47	20	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	47	21	subsidy	subsidy	NOUN
abrj-588	47	22	necessary	necessary	ADJ
abrj-588	47	23	to	to	PART
abrj-588	47	24	guarantee	guarantee	VERB
abrj-588	47	25	the	the	DET
abrj-588	47	26	eradication	eradication	NOUN
abrj-588	47	27	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	47	28	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	47	29	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	47	30	that	that	ADV
abrj-588	47	31	is	is	ADV
abrj-588	47	32	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	47	33	the	the	DET
abrj-588	47	34	government	government	NOUN
abrj-588	47	35	would	would	AUX
abrj-588	47	36	provide	provide	VERB
abrj-588	47	37	each	each	DET
abrj-588	47	38	individual	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	47	39	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	47	40	an	an	DET
abrj-588	47	41	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	47	42	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	47	43	exactly	exactly	ADV
abrj-588	47	44	equal	equal	ADJ
abrj-588	47	45	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	47	46	the	the	DET
abrj-588	47	47	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	47	48	threshold	threshold	NOUN
abrj-588	47	49	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	48	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
abrj-588	48	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	48	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	48	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	48	5	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	48	6	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	48	7	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	48	8	defined	define	VERB
abrj-588	48	9	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	48	10	the	the	DET
abrj-588	48	11	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	48	12	between	between	ADP
abrj-588	48	13	the	the	DET
abrj-588	48	14	minimum	minimum	ADJ
abrj-588	48	15	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	48	16	required	require	VERB
abrj-588	48	17	to	to	PART
abrj-588	48	18	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
abrj-588	48	19	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	48	20	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	48	21	the	the	DET
abrj-588	48	22	maximum	maximum	ADJ
abrj-588	48	23	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	48	24	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	49	1	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	49	2	other	other	ADJ
abrj-588	49	3	words	word	NOUN
abrj-588	49	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	49	5	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	49	6	serves	serve	VERB
abrj-588	49	7	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	49	8	an	an	DET
abrj-588	49	9	indicator	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	49	10	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	49	11	the	the	DET
abrj-588	49	12	potential	potential	ADJ
abrj-588	49	13	budgetary	budgetary	ADJ
abrj-588	49	14	savings	saving	NOUN
abrj-588	49	15	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	49	16	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	49	17	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	49	18	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	49	19	can	can	AUX
abrj-588	49	20	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	49	21	achieved	achieve	VERB
abrj-588	49	22	through	through	ADP
abrj-588	49	23	accurate	accurate	ADJ
abrj-588	49	24	targeting	targeting	NOUN
abrj-588	49	25	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	49	26	subsidies	subsidy	NOUN
abrj-588	49	27	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	50	1	the	the	PRON
abrj-588	50	2	smaller	small	ADJ
abrj-588	50	3	this	this	DET
abrj-588	50	4	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	50	5	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	50	6	the	the	PRON
abrj-588	50	7	greater	great	ADJ
abrj-588	50	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	50	9	economic	economic	ADJ
abrj-588	50	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
abrj-588	50	11	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	50	12	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	50	13	alleviation	alleviation	NOUN
abrj-588	50	14	expenditures	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	50	15	through	through	ADP
abrj-588	50	16	precise	precise	ADJ
abrj-588	50	17	targeting	targeting	NOUN
abrj-588	50	18	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	51	1	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	51	2	such	such	ADJ
abrj-588	51	3	cases	case	NOUN
abrj-588	51	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	51	5	conducting	conduct	VERB
abrj-588	51	6	surveys	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	51	7	to	to	PART
abrj-588	51	8	collect	collect	VERB
abrj-588	51	9	more	more	ADV
abrj-588	51	10	detailed	detailed	ADJ
abrj-588	51	11	information	information	NOUN
abrj-588	51	12	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	51	13	order	order	NOUN
abrj-588	51	14	to	to	PART
abrj-588	51	15	better	well	ADV
abrj-588	51	16	identify	identify	VERB
abrj-588	51	17	eligible	eligible	ADJ
abrj-588	51	18	recipients	recipient	NOUN
abrj-588	51	19	becomes	become	VERB
abrj-588	51	20	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
abrj-588	51	21	meaningful	meaningful	ADJ
abrj-588	51	22	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	51	23	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	51	24	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	51	25	helps	help	VERB
abrj-588	51	26	reduce	reduce	VERB
abrj-588	51	27	the	the	DET
abrj-588	51	28	government	government	NOUN
abrj-588	51	29	’s	’s	PART
abrj-588	51	30	overall	overall	ADJ
abrj-588	51	31	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	51	32	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	51	33	budget	budget	NOUN
abrj-588	51	34	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	52	1	although	although	SCONJ
abrj-588	52	2	this	this	DET
abrj-588	52	3	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	52	4	provides	provide	VERB
abrj-588	52	5	an	an	DET
abrj-588	52	6	additional	additional	ADJ
abrj-588	52	7	source	source	NOUN
abrj-588	52	8	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	52	9	important	important	ADJ
abrj-588	52	10	information	information	NOUN
abrj-588	52	11	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	52	12	the	the	DET
abrj-588	52	13	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	52	14	at	at	ADP
abrj-588	52	15	the	the	DET
abrj-588	52	16	aggregate	aggregate	ADJ
abrj-588	52	17	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	52	18	compared	compare	VERB
abrj-588	52	19	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	52	20	the	the	DET
abrj-588	52	21	headcount	headcount	NOUN
abrj-588	52	22	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	52	23	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	52	24	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	52	25	still	still	ADV
abrj-588	52	26	has	have	VERB
abrj-588	52	27	a	a	DET
abrj-588	52	28	limitation	limitation	NOUN
abrj-588	52	29	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	52	30	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	52	31	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	52	32	does	do	AUX
abrj-588	52	33	not	not	PART
abrj-588	52	34	capture	capture	VERB
abrj-588	52	35	the	the	DET
abrj-588	52	36	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	52	37	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	52	38	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	52	39	arising	arise	VERB
abrj-588	52	40	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	52	41	differences	difference	NOUN
abrj-588	52	42	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	52	43	the	the	DET
abrj-588	52	44	distribution	distribution	NOUN
abrj-588	52	45	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	52	46	the	the	DET
abrj-588	52	47	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	52	48	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	52	49	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	53	1	[	[	X
abrj-588	53	2	3	3	NUM
abrj-588	53	3	]	]	SYM
abrj-588	53	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	53	5	severeity	severeity	NOUN
abrj-588	53	6	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	53	7	to	to	PART
abrj-588	53	8	construct	construct	VERB
abrj-588	53	9	a	a	DET
abrj-588	53	10	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	53	11	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	53	12	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	53	13	accounts	account	VERB
abrj-588	53	14	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	53	15	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	53	16	among	among	ADP
abrj-588	53	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	53	18	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	53	19	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	53	20	some	some	DET
abrj-588	53	21	researchers	researcher	NOUN
abrj-588	53	22	employ	employ	VERB
abrj-588	53	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	53	24	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	53	25	severeity	severeity	NOUN
abrj-588	53	26	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	53	27	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	54	1	this	this	DET
abrj-588	54	2	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	54	3	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	54	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	54	5	weighted	weighted	ADJ
abrj-588	54	6	average	average	NOUN
abrj-588	54	7	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	54	8	individual	individual	ADJ
abrj-588	54	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	54	10	gaps	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	54	11	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	54	12	where	where	SCONJ
abrj-588	54	13	the	the	DET
abrj-588	54	14	weight	weight	NOUN
abrj-588	54	15	assigned	assign	VERB
abrj-588	54	16	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	54	17	each	each	DET
abrj-588	54	18	observation	observation	NOUN
abrj-588	54	19	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	54	20	its	its	PRON
abrj-588	54	21	own	own	ADJ
abrj-588	54	22	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	54	23	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	54	24	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	55	1	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	55	2	instance	instance	NOUN
abrj-588	55	3	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	55	4	a	a	DET
abrj-588	55	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	55	6	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	55	7	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	55	8	10	10	NUM
abrj-588	55	9	%	%	NOUN
abrj-588	55	10	relative	relative	ADJ
abrj-588	55	11	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	55	12	the	the	DET
abrj-588	55	13	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	55	14	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	55	15	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	55	16	assigned	assign	VERB
abrj-588	55	17	a	a	DET
abrj-588	55	18	weight	weight	NOUN
abrj-588	55	19	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	55	20	10	10	NUM
abrj-588	55	21	%	%	NOUN
abrj-588	55	22	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	55	23	while	while	SCONJ
abrj-588	55	24	a	a	DET
abrj-588	55	25	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	55	26	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	55	27	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	55	28	50	50	NUM
abrj-588	55	29	%	%	NOUN
abrj-588	55	30	relative	relative	ADJ
abrj-588	55	31	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	55	32	the	the	DET
abrj-588	55	33	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	55	34	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	55	35	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	55	36	assigned	assign	VERB
abrj-588	55	37	a	a	DET
abrj-588	55	38	weight	weight	NOUN
abrj-588	55	39	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	55	40	50	50	NUM
abrj-588	55	41	%	%	NOUN
abrj-588	55	42	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	56	1	this	this	PRON
abrj-588	56	2	differs	differ	VERB
abrj-588	56	3	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	56	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	56	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	56	6	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	56	7	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	56	8	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	56	9	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	56	10	assigns	assign	VERB
abrj-588	56	11	equal	equal	ADJ
abrj-588	56	12	weights	weight	NOUN
abrj-588	56	13	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	56	14	all	all	DET
abrj-588	56	15	observations	observation	NOUN
abrj-588	56	16	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	57	1	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	57	2	squaring	square	VERB
abrj-588	57	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	57	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	57	5	gaps	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	57	6	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	57	7	this	this	DET
abrj-588	57	8	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	57	9	places	place	VERB
abrj-588	57	10	greater	great	ADJ
abrj-588	57	11	weight	weight	NOUN
abrj-588	57	12	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	57	13	individuals	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	57	14	who	who	PRON
abrj-588	57	15	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	57	16	further	far	ADV
abrj-588	57	17	below	below	ADP
abrj-588	57	18	the	the	DET
abrj-588	57	19	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	57	20	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	57	21	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	58	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	58	2	formula	formula	NOUN
abrj-588	58	3	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	58	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	58	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	58	6	severeity	severeity	NOUN
abrj-588	58	7	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	58	8	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	58	9	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	58	10	follows	follow	VERB
abrj-588	58	11	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	58	12	2	2	NUM
abrj-588	58	13	2	2	NUM
abrj-588	58	14	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	58	15	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	58	16	n	n	NUM
abrj-588	59	1	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	60	1	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	61	1	g	g	PROPN
abrj-588	61	2	p	p	PROPN
abrj-588	61	3	n	n	PROPN
abrj-588	61	4	z=	z=	NOUN
abrj-588	61	5			NOUN
abrj-588	61	6			NOUN
abrj-588	61	7	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	61	8			PROPN
abrj-588	62	1			PROPN
abrj-588	63	1			PROPN
abrj-588	63	2			PROPN
abrj-588	63	3			X
abrj-588	63	4	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	63	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	63	6	basis	basis	NOUN
abrj-588	63	7	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	63	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	63	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	63	10	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	63	11	mentioned	mention	VERB
abrj-588	63	12	above	above	ADV
abrj-588	63	13	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	63	14	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	63	15	foster	foster	PROPN
abrj-588	63	16	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	63	17	greer	greer	PROPN
abrj-588	63	18	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	63	19	thorbecke	thorbecke	NOUN
abrj-588	63	20	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	63	21	1984	1984	NUM
abrj-588	63	22	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	63	23	has	have	AUX
abrj-588	63	24	generalized	generalize	VERB
abrj-588	63	25	a	a	DET
abrj-588	63	26	family	family	NOUN
abrj-588	63	27	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	63	28	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	63	29	measures	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	63	30	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	63	31	follows	follow	VERB
abrj-588	63	32	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	64	1	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	64	2	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	64	3	n	n	NOUN
abrj-588	64	4	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	65	1	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	65	2	g	g	PROPN
abrj-588	65	3	p	p	PROPN
abrj-588	65	4	n	n	PROPN
abrj-588	65	5	z	z	NOUN
abrj-588	65	6			NOUN
abrj-588	65	7			X
abrj-588	65	8	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	65	9			NOUN
abrj-588	65	10			NOUN
abrj-588	65	11	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	65	12			PROPN
abrj-588	66	1			PROPN
abrj-588	66	2			PROPN
abrj-588	66	3			NOUN
abrj-588	66	4			X
abrj-588	66	5	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	66	6	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	66	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	66	8			NOUN
abrj-588	66	9	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	66	10	a	a	DET
abrj-588	66	11	parameter	parameter	NOUN
abrj-588	66	12	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	66	13	measures	measure	VERB
abrj-588	66	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	66	15	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN
abrj-588	66	16	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	66	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	66	18	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	66	19	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	66	20	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	66	21	status	status	NOUN
abrj-588	66	22	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	66	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	66	24	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	66	25	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	66	26	z.	z.	PROPN
abrj-588	67	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	67	2	per	per	ADP
abrj-588	67	3	capita	capita	X
abrj-588	67	4	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	67	5	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	67	6	household	household	NOUN
abrj-588	67	7	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	67	8	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	67	9	denoted	denote	VERB
abrj-588	67	10	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	67	11	zi	zi	NOUN
abrj-588	67	12	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	67	13	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	67	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	67	15	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	67	16	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	67	17	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	67	18	this	this	DET
abrj-588	67	19	individual	individual	NOUN
abrj-588	67	20	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	67	21	gi	gi	INTJ
abrj-588	67	22	=	=	PUNCT
abrj-588	67	23	z	z	PROPN
abrj-588	67	24	–	–	PUNCT
abrj-588	67	25	xi	xi	PROPN
abrj-588	67	26	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	68	1	when	when	SCONJ
abrj-588	68	2			X
abrj-588	68	3	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	68	4	0	0	NUM
abrj-588	68	5	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	68	6	the	the	DET
abrj-588	68	7	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	68	8	becomes	become	VERB
abrj-588	68	9	the	the	DET
abrj-588	68	10	headcount	headcount	ADJ
abrj-588	68	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	68	12	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	68	13	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	69	1	when	when	SCONJ
abrj-588	69	2			X
abrj-588	69	3	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	69	4	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	69	5	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	69	6	the	the	DET
abrj-588	69	7	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	69	8	turns	turn	VERB
abrj-588	69	9	into	into	ADP
abrj-588	69	10	the	the	DET
abrj-588	69	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	69	12	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	69	13	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	69	14	p1	p1	NOUN
abrj-588	69	15	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	69	16	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	69	17	when	when	SCONJ
abrj-588	69	18			NOUN
abrj-588	69	19	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	69	20	2	2	NUM
abrj-588	69	21	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	69	22	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	69	23	becomes	become	VERB
abrj-588	69	24	the	the	DET
abrj-588	69	25	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	69	26	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	69	27	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	69	28	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	70	1	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	70	2	any	any	DET
abrj-588	70	3	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	70	4	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	70	5			X
abrj-588	70	6	>	>	X
abrj-588	70	7	0	0	NUM
abrj-588	70	8	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	70	9	the	the	DET
abrj-588	70	10	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	70	11	decreases	decrease	VERB
abrj-588	70	12	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	70	13	the	the	DET
abrj-588	70	14	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	70	15	;	;	PUNCT
abrj-588	70	16	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	70	17	is	is	ADV
abrj-588	70	18	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	70	19	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	70	20	an	an	DET
abrj-588	70	21	individual	individual	ADJ
abrj-588	70	22	/	/	SYM
abrj-588	70	23	household	household	NOUN
abrj-588	70	24	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	70	25	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	70	26	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	70	27	their	their	PRON
abrj-588	70	28	expenditure	expenditure	NOUN
abrj-588	70	29	falls	fall	VERB
abrj-588	70	30	further	far	ADV
abrj-588	70	31	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	70	32	their	their	PRON
abrj-588	70	33	degree	degree	NOUN
abrj-588	70	34	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	70	35	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	70	36	increases	increase	NOUN
abrj-588	70	37	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	71	1	however	however	ADV
abrj-588	71	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	71	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	71	4	fgt	fgt	PROPN
abrj-588	71	5	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	71	6	does	do	AUX
abrj-588	71	7	not	not	PART
abrj-588	71	8	specify	specify	VERB
abrj-588	71	9	which	which	DET
abrj-588	71	10	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	71	11	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	71	12			NOUN
abrj-588	71	13	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	71	14	optimal	optimal	ADJ
abrj-588	71	15	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	72	1	according	accord	VERB
abrj-588	72	2	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	72	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	72	4	authors	author	NOUN
abrj-588	72	5	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	72	6	these	these	DET
abrj-588	72	7	measures	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	72	8	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	72	9	complementary	complementary	ADJ
abrj-588	72	10	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	72	11	one	one	NUM
abrj-588	72	12	another	another	DET
abrj-588	72	13	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	1	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	73	2	course	course	NOUN
abrj-588	73	3	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	4	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	73	5	some	some	DET
abrj-588	73	6	cases	case	NOUN
abrj-588	73	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	8	certain	certain	ADJ
abrj-588	73	9	groups	group	NOUN
abrj-588	73	10	may	may	AUX
abrj-588	73	11	have	have	VERB
abrj-588	73	12	a	a	DET
abrj-588	73	13	high	high	ADJ
abrj-588	73	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	73	15	asian	asian	ADJ
abrj-588	73	16	business	business	PROPN
abrj-588	73	17	research	research	NOUN
abrj-588	73	18	journal	journal	NOUN
abrj-588	73	19	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	20	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	73	21	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	22	10(10	10(10	NUM
abrj-588	73	23	):	):	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	24	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	73	25	-	-	SYM
abrj-588	73	26	4	4	NUM
abrj-588	73	27	3	3	NUM
abrj-588	73	28	©	©	PROPN
abrj-588	73	29	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	73	30	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	73	31	the	the	DET
abrj-588	73	32	author	author	NOUN
abrj-588	73	33	;	;	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	34	licensee	licensee	NOUN
abrj-588	73	35	eastern	eastern	ADJ
abrj-588	73	36	centre	centre	NOUN
abrj-588	73	37	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	73	38	science	science	NOUN
abrj-588	73	39	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	73	40	education	education	NOUN
abrj-588	73	41	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	42	usa	usa	PROPN
abrj-588	73	43	rate	rate	NOUN
abrj-588	73	44	but	but	CCONJ
abrj-588	73	45	a	a	DET
abrj-588	73	46	lower	low	ADJ
abrj-588	73	47	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	73	48	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	73	49	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	50	when	when	SCONJ
abrj-588	73	51	most	most	ADJ
abrj-588	73	52	people	people	NOUN
abrj-588	73	53	fall	fall	VERB
abrj-588	73	54	just	just	ADV
abrj-588	73	55	slightly	slightly	ADV
abrj-588	73	56	below	below	ADP
abrj-588	73	57	the	the	DET
abrj-588	73	58	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	73	59	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	73	60	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	61	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	73	62	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	73	63	vice	vice	ADV
abrj-588	73	64	versa	versa	ADV
abrj-588	73	65	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	74	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
abrj-588	74	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	74	3	some	some	DET
abrj-588	74	4	groups	group	NOUN
abrj-588	74	5	may	may	AUX
abrj-588	74	6	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
abrj-588	74	7	a	a	DET
abrj-588	74	8	lower	low	ADJ
abrj-588	74	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	74	10	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	74	11	but	but	CCONJ
abrj-588	74	12	a	a	DET
abrj-588	74	13	higher	high	ADJ
abrj-588	74	14	squared	squared	ADJ
abrj-588	74	15	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	74	16	gap	gap	NOUN
abrj-588	74	17	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	74	18	due	due	ADP
abrj-588	74	19	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	74	20	large	large	ADJ
abrj-588	74	21	disparities	disparity	NOUN
abrj-588	74	22	within	within	ADP
abrj-588	74	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	74	24	distribution	distribution	NOUN
abrj-588	74	25	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	74	26	those	those	PRON
abrj-588	74	27	below	below	ADP
abrj-588	74	28	the	the	DET
abrj-588	74	29	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	74	30	line	line	NOUN
abrj-588	74	31	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	74	32	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	75	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
abrj-588	75	2	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	75	3	measurement	measurement	NOUN
abrj-588	75	4	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	75	5	fdi	fdi	ADJ
abrj-588	75	6	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	75	7	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	75	8	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	75	9	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	75	10	statistics	statistic	NOUN
abrj-588	75	11	published	publish	VERB
abrj-588	75	12	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	75	13	the	the	DET
abrj-588	75	14	national	national	PROPN
abrj-588	75	15	statistics	statistics	PROPN
abrj-588	75	16	office	office	PROPN
abrj-588	75	17	only	only	ADV
abrj-588	75	18	include	include	VERB
abrj-588	75	19	registered	registered	ADJ
abrj-588	75	20	capital	capital	NOUN
abrj-588	75	21	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	75	22	the	the	DET
abrj-588	75	23	number	number	NOUN
abrj-588	75	24	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	75	25	projects	project	NOUN
abrj-588	75	26	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	75	27	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	75	28	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	75	29	not	not	PART
abrj-588	75	30	very	very	ADV
abrj-588	75	31	useful	useful	ADJ
abrj-588	75	32	when	when	SCONJ
abrj-588	75	33	assessing	assess	VERB
abrj-588	75	34	their	their	PRON
abrj-588	75	35	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	75	36	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	75	37	socio	socio	NOUN
abrj-588	75	38	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	75	39	economic	economic	ADJ
abrj-588	75	40	indicators	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	75	41	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	75	42	the	the	DET
abrj-588	75	43	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
abrj-588	75	44	year	year	NOUN
abrj-588	75	45	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	76	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
abrj-588	76	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	76	3	even	even	ADV
abrj-588	76	4	data	datum	NOUN
abrj-588	76	5	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	76	6	actual	actual	ADJ
abrj-588	76	7	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	76	8	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	76	9	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	76	10	disbursements	disbursement	NOUN
abrj-588	76	11	do	do	AUX
abrj-588	76	12	not	not	PART
abrj-588	76	13	reveal	reveal	VERB
abrj-588	76	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	76	15	multidimensional	multidimensional	ADJ
abrj-588	76	16	effects	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	76	17	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	76	18	this	this	DET
abrj-588	76	19	capital	capital	NOUN
abrj-588	76	20	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	76	21	the	the	DET
abrj-588	76	22	economy	economy	NOUN
abrj-588	76	23	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	77	1	instead	instead	ADV
abrj-588	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	77	3	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	77	4	will	will	AUX
abrj-588	77	5	compile	compile	VERB
abrj-588	77	6	data	datum	NOUN
abrj-588	77	7	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	77	8	wholly	wholly	ADV
abrj-588	77	9	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	77	10	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	77	11	owned	own	VERB
abrj-588	77	12	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	77	13	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	77	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	77	15	localities	locality	NOUN
abrj-588	77	16	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	77	17	thereby	thereby	ADV
abrj-588	77	18	identifying	identify	VERB
abrj-588	77	19	the	the	DET
abrj-588	77	20	scale	scale	NOUN
abrj-588	77	21	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	77	22	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	77	23	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	77	24	equity	equity	NOUN
abrj-588	77	25	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	77	26	employment	employment	NOUN
abrj-588	77	27	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	77	28	revenue	revenue	NOUN
abrj-588	77	29	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	77	30	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	77	31	so	so	ADV
abrj-588	77	32	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	77	33	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	77	34	these	these	DET
abrj-588	77	35	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	77	36	based	base	VERB
abrj-588	77	37	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	77	38	the	the	DET
abrj-588	77	39	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	77	40	survey	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	77	41	dataset	dataset	VERB
abrj-588	77	42	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	78	1	this	this	DET
abrj-588	78	2	approach	approach	NOUN
abrj-588	78	3	will	will	AUX
abrj-588	78	4	allow	allow	VERB
abrj-588	78	5	us	we	PRON
abrj-588	78	6	to	to	PART
abrj-588	78	7	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
abrj-588	78	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	78	9	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	78	10	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	78	11	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	78	12	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	78	13	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	78	14	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	78	15	a	a	DET
abrj-588	78	16	more	more	ADV
abrj-588	78	17	accurate	accurate	ADJ
abrj-588	78	18	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	78	19	multidimensional	multidimensional	ADJ
abrj-588	78	20	way	way	NOUN
abrj-588	78	21	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	79	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
abrj-588	79	2	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	80	1	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	80	2	econometrics	econometrics	NOUN
abrj-588	80	3	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	80	4	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	80	5	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	80	6	econometrics	econometric	NOUN
abrj-588	80	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	80	8	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	80	9	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	80	10	assumed	assume	VERB
abrj-588	80	11	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	80	12	geographically	geographically	ADV
abrj-588	80	13	proximate	proximate	NOUN
abrj-588	80	14	observations	observation	NOUN
abrj-588	80	15	may	may	AUX
abrj-588	80	16	exert	exert	VERB
abrj-588	80	17	mutual	mutual	ADJ
abrj-588	80	18	influences	influence	NOUN
abrj-588	80	19	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	80	20	one	one	NUM
abrj-588	80	21	another	another	DET
abrj-588	80	22	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	80	23	leading	lead	VERB
abrj-588	80	24	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	80	25	the	the	DET
abrj-588	80	26	phenomenon	phenomenon	NOUN
abrj-588	80	27	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	80	28	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	80	29	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
abrj-588	80	30	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	80	31	lesage	lesage	NOUN
abrj-588	80	32	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	80	33	1999	1999	NUM
abrj-588	80	34	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	80	35	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	81	1	here	here	ADV
abrj-588	81	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	81	3	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	81	4	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
abrj-588	81	5	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	81	6	categorized	categorize	VERB
abrj-588	81	7	into	into	ADP
abrj-588	81	8	two	two	NUM
abrj-588	81	9	types	type	NOUN
abrj-588	81	10	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	81	11	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	81	12	i	i	NOUN
abrj-588	81	13	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	81	14	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	81	15	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
abrj-588	81	16	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	81	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	81	18	dependent	dependent	ADJ
abrj-588	81	19	variable	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	81	20	itself	itself	PRON
abrj-588	81	21	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	81	22	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	81	23	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	81	24	ii	ii	NOUN
abrj-588	81	25	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	81	26	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	81	27	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
abrj-588	81	28	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	81	29	the	the	DET
abrj-588	81	30	error	error	NOUN
abrj-588	81	31	term	term	NOUN
abrj-588	81	32	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	82	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
abrj-588	82	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	82	3	traditional	traditional	ADJ
abrj-588	82	4	estimation	estimation	NOUN
abrj-588	82	5	methods	method	NOUN
abrj-588	82	6	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	82	7	no	no	ADV
abrj-588	82	8	longer	long	ADV
abrj-588	82	9	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
abrj-588	82	10	because	because	SCONJ
abrj-588	82	11	the	the	DET
abrj-588	82	12	assumptions	assumption	NOUN
abrj-588	82	13	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	82	14	violated	violate	VERB
abrj-588	82	15	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	83	1	two	two	NUM
abrj-588	83	2	corresponding	correspond	VERB
abrj-588	83	3	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	83	4	econometric	econometric	ADJ
abrj-588	83	5	models	model	NOUN
abrj-588	83	6	have	have	AUX
abrj-588	83	7	been	be	AUX
abrj-588	83	8	introduced	introduce	VERB
abrj-588	83	9	to	to	PART
abrj-588	83	10	address	address	VERB
abrj-588	83	11	this	this	DET
abrj-588	83	12	issue	issue	NOUN
abrj-588	83	13	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	83	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	83	15	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	83	16	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
abrj-588	83	17	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	83	18	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	83	19	sar	sar	PROPN
abrj-588	83	20	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	83	21	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	83	22	the	the	DET
abrj-588	83	23	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	83	24	error	error	NOUN
abrj-588	83	25	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	83	26	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	83	27	sem	sem	NOUN
abrj-588	83	28	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	83	29	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	84	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	84	2	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	84	3	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
abrj-588	84	4	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	84	5	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	84	6	expressed	express	VERB
abrj-588	84	7	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	84	8	follows	follow	VERB
abrj-588	84	9	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	84	10	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	84	11	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	84	12	w)y	w)y	X
abrj-588	85	1	=	=	PUNCT
abrj-588	85	2	x	x	NOUN
abrj-588	86	1	+	+	CCONJ
abrj-588	86	2	e	e	X
abrj-588	86	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	86	4	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	86	5	error	error	NOUN
abrj-588	86	6	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	86	7	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	86	8	expressed	express	VERB
abrj-588	86	9	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	86	10	follows	follow	VERB
abrj-588	86	11	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	12	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	13	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	86	14	w)y	w)y	VERB
abrj-588	86	15	=	=	SYM
abrj-588	86	16	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	17	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	86	18	w)x	w)x	VERB
abrj-588	86	19	+	+	CCONJ
abrj-588	86	20	u	u	NOUN
abrj-588	86	21	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	86	22	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	86	23	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	24	y	y	PROPN
abrj-588	86	25	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	86	26	the	the	DET
abrj-588	86	27	dependent	dependent	ADJ
abrj-588	86	28	variable	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	86	29	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	30	x	x	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	31	represents	represent	VERB
abrj-588	86	32	the	the	DET
abrj-588	86	33	independent	independent	ADJ
abrj-588	86	34	variables	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	86	35	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	36	w	w	PROPN
abrj-588	86	37	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	86	38	the	the	DET
abrj-588	86	39	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	86	40	weight	weight	NOUN
abrj-588	86	41	matrix	matrix	NOUN
abrj-588	86	42	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	43	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	86	44	the	the	DET
abrj-588	86	45	coefficients	coefficient	NOUN
abrj-588	86	46			ADJ
abrj-588	86	47	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	86	48			NOUN
abrj-588	86	49	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	86	50	the	the	DET
abrj-588	86	51	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	86	52	autoregressive	autoregressive	ADJ
abrj-588	86	53	parameters	parameter	NOUN
abrj-588	86	54	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	86	55	reflecting	reflect	VERB
abrj-588	86	56	the	the	DET
abrj-588	86	57	effects	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	86	58	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	86	59	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	86	60	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
abrj-588	86	61	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	87	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	87	2	error	error	NOUN
abrj-588	87	3	term	term	NOUN
abrj-588	87	4	ε	ε	PROPN
abrj-588	87	5	follows	follow	VERB
abrj-588	87	6	a	a	DET
abrj-588	87	7	normal	normal	ADJ
abrj-588	87	8	distribution	distribution	NOUN
abrj-588	87	9	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	87	10	constant	constant	ADJ
abrj-588	87	11	variance	variance	NOUN
abrj-588	87	12	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	87	13	no	no	DET
abrj-588	87	14	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
abrj-588	87	15	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	87	16	while	while	SCONJ
abrj-588	87	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	87	18	error	error	NOUN
abrj-588	87	19	term	term	NOUN
abrj-588	87	20	u	u	NOUN
abrj-588	87	21	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	87	22	the	the	DET
abrj-588	87	23	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	87	24	error	error	NOUN
abrj-588	87	25	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	87	26	follows	follow	VERB
abrj-588	87	27	a	a	DET
abrj-588	87	28	distribution	distribution	NOUN
abrj-588	87	29	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	87	30	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	87	31	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
abrj-588	87	32	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	87	33	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	87	34	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	87	35	u	u	NOUN
abrj-588	87	36	=	=	PUNCT
abrj-588	87	37	w	w	X
abrj-588	87	38	+	+	CCONJ
abrj-588	87	39	.	.	PROPN
abrj-588	87	40	3	3	NUM
abrj-588	87	41	.	.	NOUN
abrj-588	87	42	data	datum	NOUN
abrj-588	87	43	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	87	44	empirical	empirical	ADJ
abrj-588	87	45	results	result	NOUN
abrj-588	87	46	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	87	47	use	use	VERB
abrj-588	87	48	the	the	DET
abrj-588	87	49	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	87	50	survey	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	87	51	dataset	dataset	VERB
abrj-588	87	52	conducted	conduct	VERB
abrj-588	87	53	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	87	54	published	publish	VERB
abrj-588	87	55	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	87	56	the	the	DET
abrj-588	87	57	national	national	PROPN
abrj-588	87	58	statistics	statistics	PROPN
abrj-588	87	59	office	office	PROPN
abrj-588	87	60	to	to	PART
abrj-588	87	61	calculate	calculate	VERB
abrj-588	87	62	indicators	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	87	63	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	87	64	revenue	revenue	NOUN
abrj-588	87	65	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	87	66	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	87	67	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	87	68	equity	equity	NOUN
abrj-588	87	69	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	87	70	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	87	71	employment	employment	NOUN
abrj-588	87	72	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	87	73	wholly	wholly	ADV
abrj-588	87	74	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	87	75	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	87	76	owned	own	VERB
abrj-588	87	77	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	87	78	aggregated	aggregate	VERB
abrj-588	87	79	at	at	ADP
abrj-588	87	80	the	the	DET
abrj-588	87	81	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	87	82	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	87	83	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	88	1	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	88	2	use	use	VERB
abrj-588	88	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	88	4	industrial	industrial	ADJ
abrj-588	88	5	output	output	NOUN
abrj-588	88	6	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	88	7	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	88	8	a	a	DET
abrj-588	88	9	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	88	10	reflecting	reflect	VERB
abrj-588	88	11	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	88	12	production	production	NOUN
abrj-588	88	13	activity	activity	NOUN
abrj-588	88	14	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	89	1	to	to	PART
abrj-588	89	2	indicate	indicate	VERB
abrj-588	89	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	89	4	relative	relative	ADJ
abrj-588	89	5	scale	scale	NOUN
abrj-588	89	6	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	89	7	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	89	8	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	89	9	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	89	10	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	89	11	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	89	12	compute	compute	VERB
abrj-588	89	13	the	the	DET
abrj-588	89	14	ratios	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	89	15	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	89	16	revenue	revenue	NOUN
abrj-588	89	17	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	89	18	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	89	19	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	89	20	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	89	21	so	so	ADV
abrj-588	89	22	forth	forth	ADV
abrj-588	89	23	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	89	24	foreign	foreign	NOUN
abrj-588	89	25	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	89	26	owned	own	VERB
abrj-588	89	27	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	89	28	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	89	29	each	each	DET
abrj-588	89	30	province	province	NOUN
abrj-588	89	31	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	89	32	the	the	DET
abrj-588	89	33	scale	scale	NOUN
abrj-588	89	34	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	89	35	industrial	industrial	ADJ
abrj-588	89	36	output	output	NOUN
abrj-588	89	37	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	89	38	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	90	1	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	90	2	addition	addition	NOUN
abrj-588	90	3	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	90	4	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	90	5	may	may	AUX
abrj-588	90	6	also	also	ADV
abrj-588	90	7	compute	compute	VERB
abrj-588	90	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	90	9	ratios	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	90	10	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	90	11	these	these	DET
abrj-588	90	12	indicators	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	90	13	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	90	14	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	90	15	population	population	NOUN
abrj-588	90	16	size	size	NOUN
abrj-588	90	17	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	91	1	data	datum	NOUN
abrj-588	91	2	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	91	3	industrial	industrial	ADJ
abrj-588	91	4	output	output	NOUN
abrj-588	91	5	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	91	6	population	population	NOUN
abrj-588	91	7	size	size	NOUN
abrj-588	91	8	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	91	9	obtained	obtain	VERB
abrj-588	91	10	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	91	11	the	the	DET
abrj-588	91	12	statistical	statistical	ADJ
abrj-588	91	13	yearbook	yearbook	NOUN
abrj-588	91	14	published	publish	VERB
abrj-588	91	15	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	91	16	the	the	DET
abrj-588	91	17	national	national	PROPN
abrj-588	91	18	statistics	statistics	PROPN
abrj-588	91	19	office	office	PROPN
abrj-588	91	20	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	92	1	data	datum	NOUN
abrj-588	92	2	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	92	3	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	92	4	measures	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	92	5	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	92	6	calculated	calculate	VERB
abrj-588	92	7	based	base	VERB
abrj-588	92	8	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	92	9	the	the	DET
abrj-588	92	10	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
abrj-588	92	11	living	living	NOUN
abrj-588	92	12	standards	standard	NOUN
abrj-588	92	13	survey	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	92	14	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	92	15	vlss	vlss	ADJ
abrj-588	92	16	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	92	17	dataset	dataset	NOUN
abrj-588	92	18	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	92	19	which	which	PRON
abrj-588	92	20	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	92	21	conducted	conduct	VERB
abrj-588	92	22	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	92	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	92	24	national	national	PROPN
abrj-588	92	25	statistics	statistics	PROPN
abrj-588	92	26	office	office	NOUN
abrj-588	92	27	every	every	DET
abrj-588	92	28	two	two	NUM
abrj-588	92	29	years	year	NOUN
abrj-588	92	30	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	93	1	here	here	ADV
abrj-588	93	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	93	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	93	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	93	5	measure	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	93	6	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	93	7	use	use	VERB
abrj-588	93	8	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	93	9	the	the	DET
abrj-588	93	10	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	93	11	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	93	12	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	93	13	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	94	1	data	datum	NOUN
abrj-588	94	2	reflecting	reflect	VERB
abrj-588	94	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	94	4	capacity	capacity	NOUN
abrj-588	94	5	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	94	6	quality	quality	NOUN
abrj-588	94	7	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	94	8	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	94	9	governance	governance	NOUN
abrj-588	94	10	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	94	11	taken	take	VERB
abrj-588	94	12	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	94	13	the	the	DET
abrj-588	94	14	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	94	15	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
abrj-588	94	16	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	94	17	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	94	18	pci	pci	PROPN
abrj-588	94	19	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	94	20	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	94	21	surveyed	survey	VERB
abrj-588	94	22	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	94	23	published	publish	VERB
abrj-588	94	24	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	94	25	the	the	DET
abrj-588	94	26	vietnam	vietnam	PROPN
abrj-588	94	27	chamber	chamber	PROPN
abrj-588	94	28	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	94	29	commerce	commerce	PROPN
abrj-588	94	30	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	94	31	industry	industry	NOUN
abrj-588	94	32	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	94	33	vcci	vcci	NOUN
abrj-588	94	34	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	94	35	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	1	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	95	2	this	this	DET
abrj-588	95	3	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	95	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	95	6	independent	independent	ADJ
abrj-588	95	7	explanatory	explanatory	ADJ
abrj-588	95	8	variables	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	95	9	include	include	VERB
abrj-588	95	10	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	11	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	12	i	i	NOUN
abrj-588	95	13	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	95	15	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	95	16	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	95	17	total	total	ADJ
abrj-588	95	18	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	95	19	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	95	20	wholly	wholly	ADV
abrj-588	95	21	foreignowned	foreignowne	VERB
abrj-588	95	22	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	95	23	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	95	24	the	the	DET
abrj-588	95	25	province	province	NOUN
abrj-588	95	26	’s	’s	PART
abrj-588	95	27	industrial	industrial	ADJ
abrj-588	95	28	output	output	NOUN
abrj-588	95	29	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	30	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	31	ii	ii	NOUN
abrj-588	95	32	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	33	the	the	DET
abrj-588	95	34	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	95	35	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
abrj-588	95	36	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	95	37	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	38	pci	pci	ADJ
abrj-588	95	39	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	40	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	41	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	95	42	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	43	iii	iii	X
abrj-588	95	44	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	95	45	the	the	DET
abrj-588	95	46	atkinson	atkinson	PROPN
abrj-588	95	47	inequality	inequality	PROPN
abrj-588	95	48	index	index	PROPN
abrj-588	95	49	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	96	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	96	2	first	first	ADJ
abrj-588	96	3	variable	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	96	4	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
abrj-588	96	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	96	6	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	96	7	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	96	8	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	96	9	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	96	10	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	96	11	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	96	12	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	96	13	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	96	14	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	97	1	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	97	2	its	its	PRON
abrj-588	97	3	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
abrj-588	97	4	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	97	5	negative	negative	ADJ
abrj-588	97	6	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	97	7	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	97	8	indicates	indicate	VERB
abrj-588	97	9	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	97	10	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	97	11	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	97	12	a	a	DET
abrj-588	97	13	larger	large	ADJ
abrj-588	97	14	relative	relative	ADJ
abrj-588	97	15	scale	scale	NOUN
abrj-588	97	16	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	97	17	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	97	18	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	97	19	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	97	20	measured	measure	VERB
abrj-588	97	21	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	97	22	the	the	DET
abrj-588	97	23	size	size	NOUN
abrj-588	97	24	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	97	25	their	their	PRON
abrj-588	97	26	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	97	27	compared	compare	VERB
abrj-588	97	28	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	97	29	the	the	DET
abrj-588	97	30	province	province	NOUN
abrj-588	97	31	’s	’s	PART
abrj-588	97	32	industrial	industrial	ADJ
abrj-588	97	33	output	output	NOUN
abrj-588	97	34	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	97	35	experience	experience	VERB
abrj-588	97	36	a	a	DET
abrj-588	97	37	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	97	38	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	97	39	the	the	DET
abrj-588	97	40	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	97	41	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	97	42	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	97	43	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	97	44	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	97	45	other	other	ADJ
abrj-588	97	46	words	word	NOUN
abrj-588	97	47	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	97	48	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	97	49	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	97	50	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	97	51	has	have	VERB
abrj-588	97	52	a	a	DET
abrj-588	97	53	positive	positive	ADJ
abrj-588	97	54	effect	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	97	55	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	97	56	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	97	57	alleviation	alleviation	NOUN
abrj-588	97	58	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	98	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
abrj-588	98	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	98	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	98	4	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	98	5	competitiveness	competitiveness	NOUN
abrj-588	98	6	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	98	7	captures	capture	VERB
abrj-588	98	8	differences	difference	NOUN
abrj-588	98	9	among	among	ADP
abrj-588	98	10	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	98	11	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	98	12	terms	term	NOUN
abrj-588	98	13	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	98	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	98	15	quality	quality	NOUN
abrj-588	98	16	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	98	17	local	local	ADJ
abrj-588	98	18	governance	governance	NOUN
abrj-588	98	19	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	99	1	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	99	2	its	its	PRON
abrj-588	99	3	coefficient	coefficient	NOUN
abrj-588	99	4	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	99	5	negative	negative	ADJ
abrj-588	99	6	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	99	7	it	it	PRON
abrj-588	99	8	implies	imply	VERB
abrj-588	99	9	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	99	10	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	99	11	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	99	12	better	well	ADJ
abrj-588	99	13	governance	governance	NOUN
abrj-588	99	14	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	99	15	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	99	16	addition	addition	NOUN
abrj-588	99	17	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	99	18	the	the	DET
abrj-588	99	19	general	general	ADJ
abrj-588	99	20	effect	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	99	21	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	99	22	boosting	boost	VERB
abrj-588	99	23	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	99	24	production	production	NOUN
abrj-588	99	25	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	99	26	also	also	ADV
abrj-588	99	27	benefit	benefit	VERB
abrj-588	99	28	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	99	29	other	other	ADJ
abrj-588	99	30	policies	policy	NOUN
abrj-588	99	31	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	99	32	help	help	VERB
abrj-588	99	33	reduce	reduce	VERB
abrj-588	99	34	the	the	DET
abrj-588	99	35	incidence	incidence	NOUN
abrj-588	99	36	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	99	37	poor	poor	ADJ
abrj-588	99	38	households	household	NOUN
abrj-588	99	39	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	100	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	100	2	third	third	ADJ
abrj-588	100	3	variable	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	100	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	100	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	100	6	atkinson	atkinson	PROPN
abrj-588	100	7	inequality	inequality	PROPN
abrj-588	100	8	index	index	PROPN
abrj-588	100	9	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	100	10	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	100	11	positively	positively	ADV
abrj-588	100	12	signed	sign	VERB
abrj-588	100	13	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	100	14	suggests	suggest	VERB
abrj-588	100	15	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	100	16	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	100	17	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	100	18	higher	high	ADJ
abrj-588	100	19	levels	level	NOUN
abrj-588	100	20	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	100	21	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	100	22	face	face	VERB
abrj-588	100	23	more	more	ADV
abrj-588	100	24	severe	severe	ADJ
abrj-588	100	25	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	100	26	conditions	condition	NOUN
abrj-588	100	27	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	101	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	101	2	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
abrj-588	101	3	statistics	statistic	NOUN
abrj-588	101	4	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	101	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	101	6	variables	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	101	7	used	use	VERB
abrj-588	101	8	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	101	9	the	the	DET
abrj-588	101	10	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	101	11	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	101	12	summarized	summarize	VERB
abrj-588	101	13	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	101	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	101	15	following	follow	VERB
abrj-588	101	16	table	table	NOUN
abrj-588	101	17	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	102	1	table	table	NOUN
abrj-588	102	2	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	102	3	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	103	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	103	2	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
abrj-588	103	3	statistics	statistic	NOUN
abrj-588	103	4	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	103	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	103	6	variables	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	103	7	used	use	VERB
abrj-588	103	8	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	103	9	the	the	DET
abrj-588	103	10	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	103	11	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	104	1	variable	variable	ADJ
abrj-588	104	2	observations	observation	NOUN
abrj-588	104	3	mean	mean	VERB
abrj-588	104	4	std	std	X
abrj-588	104	5	.	.	PROPN
abrj-588	104	6	error	error	PROPN
abrj-588	104	7	min	min	PROPN
abrj-588	104	8	.	.	PROPN
abrj-588	104	9	max	max	PROPN
abrj-588	104	10	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	105	1	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	105	2	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	105	3	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	105	4	63	63	NUM
abrj-588	105	5	0.007371	0.007371	NUM
abrj-588	105	6	0.007579	0.007579	NUM
abrj-588	105	7	0	0	NUM
abrj-588	105	8	0.03881	0.03881	NUM
abrj-588	105	9	atkinson	atkinson	NOUN
abrj-588	105	10	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	105	11	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	105	12	63	63	NUM
abrj-588	105	13	0.211525	0.211525	NUM
abrj-588	105	14	0.037496	0.037496	NUM
abrj-588	105	15	0.14678	0.14678	NUM
abrj-588	105	16	0.32697	0.32697	NUM
abrj-588	105	17	pci	pci	ADJ
abrj-588	105	18	63	63	NUM
abrj-588	105	19	57.01764	57.01764	NUM
abrj-588	105	20	4.145726	4.145726	NUM
abrj-588	105	21	45.11707	45.11707	NUM
abrj-588	105	22	63.79096	63.79096	NUM
abrj-588	105	23	asset_output	asset_output	NOUN
abrj-588	105	24	63	63	NUM
abrj-588	105	25	0.203826	0.203826	NUM
abrj-588	105	26	0.225472	0.225472	NUM
abrj-588	105	27	0.000786	0.000786	NUM
abrj-588	105	28	1.366224	1.366224	NUM
abrj-588	105	29	source	source	NOUN
abrj-588	105	30	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	105	31	national	national	PROPN
abrj-588	105	32	statistics	statistics	PROPN
abrj-588	105	33	office	office	PROPN
abrj-588	105	34	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	105	35	và	và	PROPN
abrj-588	105	36	chamber	chamber	PROPN
abrj-588	105	37	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	105	38	commerce	commerce	PROPN
abrj-588	105	39	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	105	40	industry	industry	NOUN
abrj-588	105	41	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	105	42	2024	2024	NUM
abrj-588	105	43	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	105	44	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	106	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	106	2	estimation	estimation	NOUN
abrj-588	106	3	results	result	NOUN
abrj-588	106	4	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	106	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	106	6	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	106	7	using	use	VERB
abrj-588	106	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	106	9	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	106	10	econometric	econometric	ADJ
abrj-588	106	11	approach	approach	NOUN
abrj-588	106	12	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	106	13	presented	present	VERB
abrj-588	106	14	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	106	15	the	the	DET
abrj-588	106	16	table	table	NOUN
abrj-588	106	17	below	below	ADV
abrj-588	106	18	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	107	1	asian	asian	ADJ
abrj-588	107	2	business	business	PROPN
abrj-588	107	3	research	research	NOUN
abrj-588	107	4	journal	journal	NOUN
abrj-588	107	5	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	107	6	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	107	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	107	8	10(10	10(10	NUM
abrj-588	107	9	):	):	PUNCT
abrj-588	107	10	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	107	11	-	-	SYM
abrj-588	107	12	4	4	NUM
abrj-588	107	13	4	4	NUM
abrj-588	107	14	©	©	PROPN
abrj-588	107	15	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	107	16	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	107	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	107	18	author	author	NOUN
abrj-588	107	19	;	;	PUNCT
abrj-588	107	20	licensee	licensee	NOUN
abrj-588	107	21	eastern	eastern	ADJ
abrj-588	107	22	centre	centre	NOUN
abrj-588	107	23	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	107	24	science	science	NOUN
abrj-588	107	25	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	107	26	education	education	NOUN
abrj-588	107	27	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	107	28	usa	usa	PROPN
abrj-588	107	29	table	table	NOUN
abrj-588	107	30	2	2	NUM
abrj-588	107	31	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	108	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	108	2	estimation	estimation	NOUN
abrj-588	108	3	results	result	VERB
abrj-588	108	4	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	109	1	dependent	dependent	ADJ
abrj-588	109	2	variable	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	109	3	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	109	4	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	109	5	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	109	6	index	index	PROPN
abrj-588	109	7	ols	ols	PROPN
abrj-588	109	8	sar	sar	PROPN
abrj-588	109	9	sem	sem	PROPN
abrj-588	109	10	atkinson	atkinson	PROPN
abrj-588	109	11	.1311801	.1311801	PROPN
abrj-588	109	12	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	109	13	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	109	14	2.14	2.14	NUM
abrj-588	109	15	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	109	16	.1154969	.1154969	NOUN
abrj-588	109	17	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	109	18	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	109	19	.0521949	.0521949	PROPN
abrj-588	109	20	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	109	21	.1143195	.1143195	PROPN
abrj-588	110	1	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	110	2	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	110	3	.0554369	.0554369	NOUN
abrj-588	110	4	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	110	5	pci	pci	ADJ
abrj-588	110	6	-.0024411	-.0024411	PUNCT
abrj-588	110	7	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	110	8	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	110	9	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	110	10	.005615	.005615	NOUN
abrj-588	110	11	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	110	12	-.0018665	-.0018665	NOUN
abrj-588	111	1	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	2	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	3	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	4	.0004867	.0004867	NOUN
abrj-588	111	5	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	6	-.0016892	-.0016892	PROPN
abrj-588	111	7	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	8	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	9	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	10	.0005556	.0005556	PROPN
abrj-588	111	11	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	12	asset_output	asset_output	NOUN
abrj-588	111	13	-.0334829	-.0334829	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	14	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	15	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	16	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	17	0.0104459	0.0104459	NUM
abrj-588	111	18	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	19	-.0298406	-.0298406	NOUN
abrj-588	111	20	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	21	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	22	.0088948	.0088948	PROPN
abrj-588	111	23	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	111	24	-.0295825	-.0295825	PUNCT
abrj-588	112	1	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	112	2	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	112	3	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	112	4	.0096477	.0096477	NOUN
abrj-588	112	5	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	1	_	_	NOUN
abrj-588	113	2	cons	con	NOUN
abrj-588	113	3	.1219312	.1219312	PROPN
abrj-588	113	4	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	5	.0388796	.0388796	PROPN
abrj-588	113	6	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	7	.0756014	.0756014	NOUN
abrj-588	113	8	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	9	.0339375	.0339375	PROPN
abrj-588	113	10	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	11	.0888529	.0888529	NOUN
abrj-588	113	12	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	13	.0379555	.0379555	NOUN
abrj-588	113	14	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	15			X
abrj-588	113	16	0.7933359	0.7933359	NUM
abrj-588	113	17	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	18	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	19	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	20	.1750113	.1750113	PROPN
abrj-588	113	21	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	22			ADP
abrj-588	113	23	.8294253	.8294253	PROPN
abrj-588	113	24	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	25	*	*	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	26	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	27	.1397497	.1397497	PROPN
abrj-588	113	28	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	29	sem	sem	PROPN
abrj-588	113	30	moran	moran	PROPN
abrj-588	113	31	’s	’s	PROPN
abrj-588	113	32	i	i	PROPN
abrj-588	113	33	sar	sar	PROPN
abrj-588	113	34	lagrange	lagrange	PROPN
abrj-588	113	35	multiplier	multipli	ADJ
abrj-588	113	36	p	p	NOUN
abrj-588	113	37	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	38	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	113	39	0.000	0.000	NUM
abrj-588	113	40	0.000	0.000	NUM
abrj-588	113	41	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	113	42	the	the	DET
abrj-588	113	43	first	first	ADJ
abrj-588	113	44	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	113	45	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	46	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	113	47	find	find	VERB
abrj-588	113	48	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	113	49	all	all	DET
abrj-588	113	50	variables	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	113	51	included	include	VERB
abrj-588	113	52	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	113	53	statistically	statistically	ADV
abrj-588	113	54	significant	significant	ADJ
abrj-588	113	55	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	113	56	at	at	ADP
abrj-588	113	57	least	least	ADJ
abrj-588	113	58	at	at	ADP
abrj-588	113	59	the	the	DET
abrj-588	113	60	5	5	NUM
abrj-588	113	61	%	%	NOUN
abrj-588	113	62	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	113	63	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	114	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	114	2	atkinson	atkinson	PROPN
abrj-588	114	3	inequality	inequality	PROPN
abrj-588	114	4	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	114	5	carries	carry	VERB
abrj-588	114	6	a	a	DET
abrj-588	114	7	positive	positive	ADJ
abrj-588	114	8	sign	sign	NOUN
abrj-588	114	9	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	114	10	implying	imply	VERB
abrj-588	114	11	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	114	12	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	114	13	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	114	14	higher	high	ADJ
abrj-588	114	15	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	114	16	tend	tend	VERB
abrj-588	114	17	to	to	PART
abrj-588	114	18	have	have	VERB
abrj-588	114	19	a	a	DET
abrj-588	114	20	larger	large	ADJ
abrj-588	114	21	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	114	22	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	114	23	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	114	24	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	115	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	115	2	pci	pci	ADJ
abrj-588	115	3	variable	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	115	4	has	have	VERB
abrj-588	115	5	a	a	DET
abrj-588	115	6	negative	negative	ADJ
abrj-588	115	7	sign	sign	NOUN
abrj-588	115	8	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	115	9	indicating	indicate	VERB
abrj-588	115	10	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	115	11	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	115	12	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	115	13	better	well	ADJ
abrj-588	115	14	governance	governance	NOUN
abrj-588	115	15	quality	quality	NOUN
abrj-588	115	16	have	have	VERB
abrj-588	115	17	a	a	DET
abrj-588	115	18	lower	low	ADJ
abrj-588	115	19	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	115	20	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	115	21	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	115	22	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	115	23	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	115	24	vice	vice	ADV
abrj-588	115	25	versa	versa	ADV
abrj-588	115	26	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	116	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	116	2	variable	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	116	3	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	116	4	greatest	great	ADJ
abrj-588	116	5	interest	interest	NOUN
abrj-588	116	6	here	here	ADV
abrj-588	116	7	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	116	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	116	9	one	one	NUM
abrj-588	116	10	representing	represent	VERB
abrj-588	116	11	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	116	12	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	116	13	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	116	14	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	116	15	fdi)—specifically	fdi)—specifically	ADV
abrj-588	116	16	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	116	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	116	18	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	116	19	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	116	20	total	total	ADJ
abrj-588	116	21	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	116	22	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	116	23	wholly	wholly	ADV
abrj-588	116	24	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	116	25	-	-	PUNCT
abrj-588	116	26	owned	own	VERB
abrj-588	116	27	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	116	28	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	116	29	the	the	DET
abrj-588	116	30	province	province	NOUN
abrj-588	116	31	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	116	32	the	the	DET
abrj-588	116	33	value	value	NOUN
abrj-588	116	34	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	116	35	the	the	DET
abrj-588	116	36	province	province	NOUN
abrj-588	116	37	’s	’s	PART
abrj-588	116	38	industrial	industrial	ADJ
abrj-588	116	39	output	output	NOUN
abrj-588	116	40	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	117	1	this	this	DET
abrj-588	117	2	variable	variable	NOUN
abrj-588	117	3	has	have	VERB
abrj-588	117	4	a	a	DET
abrj-588	117	5	negative	negative	ADJ
abrj-588	117	6	sign	sign	NOUN
abrj-588	117	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	117	8	suggesting	suggest	VERB
abrj-588	117	9	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	117	10	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	117	11	this	this	DET
abrj-588	117	12	ratio	ratio	NOUN
abrj-588	117	13	increases	increase	NOUN
abrj-588	117	14	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	117	15	that	that	PRON
abrj-588	117	16	is	is	ADV
abrj-588	117	17	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	117	18	as	as	SCONJ
abrj-588	117	19	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	117	20	becomes	become	VERB
abrj-588	117	21	relatively	relatively	ADV
abrj-588	117	22	larger	large	ADJ
abrj-588	117	23	—	—	PUNCT
abrj-588	117	24	the	the	DET
abrj-588	117	25	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	117	26	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	117	27	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	117	28	decreases	decrease	VERB
abrj-588	117	29	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	118	1	this	this	DET
abrj-588	118	2	finding	finding	NOUN
abrj-588	118	3	indicates	indicate	VERB
abrj-588	118	4	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	118	5	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	118	6	has	have	VERB
abrj-588	118	7	a	a	DET
abrj-588	118	8	positive	positive	ADJ
abrj-588	118	9	effect	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	118	10	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	118	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	118	12	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	118	13	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	118	14	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
abrj-588	118	15	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	118	16	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	119	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
abrj-588	119	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	119	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	119	4	test	test	NOUN
abrj-588	119	5	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	119	6	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	119	7	correlation	correlation	NOUN
abrj-588	119	8	shows	show	VERB
abrj-588	119	9	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	119	10	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	119	11	dependence	dependence	NOUN
abrj-588	119	12	does	do	AUX
abrj-588	119	13	exist	exist	VERB
abrj-588	119	14	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	120	1	both	both	CCONJ
abrj-588	120	2	the	the	DET
abrj-588	120	3	moran	moran	PROPN
abrj-588	120	4	’s	’s	PROPN
abrj-588	120	5	i	i	PRON
abrj-588	120	6	statistic	statistic	VERB
abrj-588	120	7	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	120	8	the	the	DET
abrj-588	120	9	lagrange	lagrange	NOUN
abrj-588	120	10	multiplier	multipli	ADJ
abrj-588	120	11	tests	test	NOUN
abrj-588	120	12	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	120	13	the	the	DET
abrj-588	120	14	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	120	15	error	error	NOUN
abrj-588	120	16	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	120	17	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	120	18	the	the	DET
abrj-588	120	19	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	120	20	lag	lag	NOUN
abrj-588	120	21	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	120	22	are	be	AUX
abrj-588	120	23	statistically	statistically	ADV
abrj-588	120	24	significant	significant	ADJ
abrj-588	120	25	at	at	ADP
abrj-588	120	26	the	the	DET
abrj-588	120	27	1	1	NUM
abrj-588	120	28	%	%	NOUN
abrj-588	120	29	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	120	30	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	121	1	this	this	PRON
abrj-588	121	2	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
abrj-588	121	3	that	that	SCONJ
abrj-588	121	4	applying	apply	VERB
abrj-588	121	5	the	the	DET
abrj-588	121	6	ols	ol	NOUN
abrj-588	121	7	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	121	8	would	would	AUX
abrj-588	121	9	yield	yield	VERB
abrj-588	121	10	biased	biased	ADJ
abrj-588	121	11	results	result	NOUN
abrj-588	121	12	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	122	1	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	122	2	this	this	DET
abrj-588	122	3	case	case	NOUN
abrj-588	122	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	122	5	we	we	PRON
abrj-588	122	6	must	must	AUX
abrj-588	122	7	adopt	adopt	VERB
abrj-588	122	8	a	a	DET
abrj-588	122	9	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	122	10	econometric	econometric	ADJ
abrj-588	122	11	approach	approach	NOUN
abrj-588	122	12	to	to	PART
abrj-588	122	13	estimate	estimate	VERB
abrj-588	122	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	122	15	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	122	16	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	122	17	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	122	18	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	122	19	the	the	DET
abrj-588	122	20	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	122	21	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	122	22	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	122	23	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	123	1	4	4	X
abrj-588	123	2	.	.	X
abrj-588	123	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
abrj-588	123	4	this	this	DET
abrj-588	123	5	paper	paper	NOUN
abrj-588	123	6	examines	examine	VERB
abrj-588	123	7	the	the	DET
abrj-588	123	8	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	123	9	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	123	10	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	123	11	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	123	12	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	123	13	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	123	14	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	123	15	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	123	16	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	123	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	123	18	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	123	19	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	123	20	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	123	21	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	124	1	after	after	ADP
abrj-588	124	2	calculating	calculate	VERB
abrj-588	124	3	indicators	indicator	NOUN
abrj-588	124	4	such	such	ADJ
abrj-588	124	5	as	as	ADP
abrj-588	124	6	the	the	DET
abrj-588	124	7	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	124	8	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	124	9	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	124	10	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	124	11	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	124	12	across	across	ADP
abrj-588	124	13	vietnamese	vietnamese	ADJ
abrj-588	124	14	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	124	15	based	base	VERB
abrj-588	124	16	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	124	17	the	the	DET
abrj-588	124	18	household	household	NOUN
abrj-588	124	19	living	living	NOUN
abrj-588	124	20	standards	standard	NOUN
abrj-588	124	21	survey	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	124	22	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	124	23	the	the	DET
abrj-588	124	24	author	author	NOUN
abrj-588	124	25	investigates	investigate	VERB
abrj-588	124	26	the	the	DET
abrj-588	124	27	effect	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	124	28	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	124	29	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	124	30	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	124	31	the	the	DET
abrj-588	124	32	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	124	33	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	124	34	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	125	1	instead	instead	ADV
abrj-588	125	2	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	125	3	relying	rely	VERB
abrj-588	125	4	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	125	5	realized	realize	VERB
abrj-588	125	6	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	125	7	capital	capital	NOUN
abrj-588	125	8	or	or	CCONJ
abrj-588	125	9	committed	committed	ADJ
abrj-588	125	10	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	125	11	capital	capital	NOUN
abrj-588	125	12	published	publish	VERB
abrj-588	125	13	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	125	14	the	the	DET
abrj-588	125	15	national	national	PROPN
abrj-588	125	16	statistics	statistics	PROPN
abrj-588	125	17	office	office	PROPN
abrj-588	125	18	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	125	19	the	the	DET
abrj-588	125	20	author	author	NOUN
abrj-588	125	21	employs	employ	VERB
abrj-588	125	22	the	the	DET
abrj-588	125	23	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	125	24	survey	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	125	25	to	to	PART
abrj-588	125	26	measure	measure	VERB
abrj-588	125	27	the	the	DET
abrj-588	125	28	total	total	ADJ
abrj-588	125	29	scale	scale	NOUN
abrj-588	125	30	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	125	31	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	125	32	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	125	33	equity	equity	NOUN
abrj-588	125	34	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	125	35	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	125	36	employment	employment	NOUN
abrj-588	125	37	generated	generate	VERB
abrj-588	125	38	by	by	ADP
abrj-588	125	39	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	125	40	enterprises	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	125	41	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	125	42	each	each	DET
abrj-588	125	43	province	province	NOUN
abrj-588	125	44	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	126	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	126	2	estimation	estimation	NOUN
abrj-588	126	3	results	result	NOUN
abrj-588	126	4	lead	lead	VERB
abrj-588	126	5	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	126	6	the	the	DET
abrj-588	126	7	following	follow	VERB
abrj-588	126	8	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
abrj-588	126	9	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	127	1	first	first	ADV
abrj-588	127	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	127	3	fdi	fdi	NOUN
abrj-588	127	4	has	have	VERB
abrj-588	127	5	a	a	DET
abrj-588	127	6	positive	positive	ADJ
abrj-588	127	7	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	127	8	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	127	9	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	127	10	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	127	11	at	at	ADP
abrj-588	127	12	the	the	DET
abrj-588	127	13	provincial	provincial	ADJ
abrj-588	127	14	level	level	NOUN
abrj-588	127	15	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	128	1	provinces	province	NOUN
abrj-588	128	2	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	128	3	larger	large	ADJ
abrj-588	128	4	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	128	5	enterprise	enterprise	NOUN
abrj-588	128	6	assets	asset	NOUN
abrj-588	128	7	per	per	ADP
abrj-588	128	8	unit	unit	NOUN
abrj-588	128	9	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	128	10	output	output	NOUN
abrj-588	128	11	tend	tend	VERB
abrj-588	128	12	to	to	PART
abrj-588	128	13	have	have	VERB
abrj-588	128	14	lower	low	ADJ
abrj-588	128	15	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	128	16	severity	severity	NOUN
abrj-588	128	17	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	128	18	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	128	19	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	128	20	vice	vice	ADV
abrj-588	128	21	versa	versa	ADV
abrj-588	128	22	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	129	1	second	second	ADJ
abrj-588	129	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	129	3	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	129	4	the	the	DET
abrj-588	129	5	model	model	NOUN
abrj-588	129	6	assessing	assess	VERB
abrj-588	129	7	the	the	DET
abrj-588	129	8	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	129	9	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	129	10	the	the	DET
abrj-588	129	11	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	129	12	severity	severity	PROPN
abrj-588	129	13	index	index	NOUN
abrj-588	129	14	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	129	15	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	129	16	autocorrelation	autocorrelation	NOUN
abrj-588	129	17	is	be	AUX
abrj-588	129	18	present	present	ADJ
abrj-588	129	19	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	130	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
abrj-588	130	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	130	3	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	130	4	econometric	econometric	ADJ
abrj-588	130	5	estimation	estimation	NOUN
abrj-588	130	6	methods	method	NOUN
abrj-588	130	7	must	must	AUX
abrj-588	130	8	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	130	9	employed	employ	VERB
abrj-588	130	10	instead	instead	ADV
abrj-588	130	11	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	130	12	ols	ol	NOUN
abrj-588	130	13	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	130	14	order	order	NOUN
abrj-588	130	15	to	to	PART
abrj-588	130	16	obtain	obtain	VERB
abrj-588	130	17	reliable	reliable	ADJ
abrj-588	130	18	results	result	NOUN
abrj-588	130	19	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	131	1	references	reference	NOUN
abrj-588	131	2	arogundade	arogundade	PROPN
abrj-588	131	3	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	131	4	s.	s.	PROPN
abrj-588	131	5	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	131	6	2021	2021	NUM
abrj-588	131	7	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	131	8	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	132	1	be	be	AUX
abrj-588	132	2	nice	nice	ADJ
abrj-588	132	3	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	132	4	thy	thy	PRON
abrj-588	132	5	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN
abrj-588	132	6	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	132	7	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	132	8	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	132	9	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	132	10	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	132	11	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	132	12	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	132	13	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	132	14	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	132	15	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	132	16	africa	africa	PROPN
abrj-588	132	17	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	132	18	mpra	mpra	PROPN
abrj-588	132	19	paper	paper	PROPN
abrj-588	132	20	no	no	PROPN
abrj-588	132	21	.	.	PROPN
abrj-588	132	22	111789	111789	NUM
abrj-588	132	23	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	132	24	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	133	1	https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/111789	https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/111789	ADV
abrj-588	133	2	atkinson	atkinson	PROPN
abrj-588	133	3	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	133	4	a.	a.	NOUN
abrj-588	133	5	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	133	6	1970	1970	NUM
abrj-588	133	7	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	133	8	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	134	1	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	134	2	the	the	DET
abrj-588	134	3	measurement	measurement	NOUN
abrj-588	134	4	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	134	5	inequality	inequality	NOUN
abrj-588	134	6	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	135	1	journal	journal	NOUN
abrj-588	135	2	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	135	3	economic	economic	ADJ
abrj-588	135	4	theory	theory	NOUN
abrj-588	135	5	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	135	6	2(3	2(3	NUM
abrj-588	135	7	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	135	8	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	135	9	244–263	244–263	NUM
abrj-588	135	10	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	136	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/00220531(70)90039-6	https://doi.org/10.1016/00220531(70)90039-6	PROPN
abrj-588	136	2	deaton	deaton	PROPN
abrj-588	136	3	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	136	4	a.	a.	PROPN
abrj-588	136	5	s.	s.	PROPN
abrj-588	136	6	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	136	7	1997	1997	NUM
abrj-588	136	8	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	136	9	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	137	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	137	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
abrj-588	137	3	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	137	4	household	household	NOUN
abrj-588	137	5	surveys	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	137	6	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	137	7	microeconometric	microeconometric	VERB
abrj-588	137	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
abrj-588	137	9	for	for	ADP
abrj-588	137	10	development	development	NOUN
abrj-588	137	11	policy	policy	NOUN
abrj-588	137	12	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	138	1	johns	johns	PROPN
abrj-588	138	2	hopkins	hopkins	PROPN
abrj-588	138	3	university	university	PROPN
abrj-588	138	4	press	press	NOUN
abrj-588	138	5	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	139	1	foster	foster	PROPN
abrj-588	139	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	139	3	j.	j.	PROPN
abrj-588	139	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	139	5	greer	greer	PROPN
abrj-588	139	6	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	139	7	j.	j.	PROPN
abrj-588	139	8	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	139	9	&	&	CCONJ
abrj-588	139	10	thorbecke	thorbecke	PROPN
abrj-588	139	11	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	139	12	e.	e.	PROPN
abrj-588	139	13	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	139	14	1984	1984	NUM
abrj-588	139	15	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	139	16	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	140	1	a	a	DET
abrj-588	140	2	class	class	NOUN
abrj-588	140	3	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	140	4	decomposable	decomposable	ADJ
abrj-588	140	5	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	140	6	measures	measure	NOUN
abrj-588	140	7	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	141	1	econometrica	econometrica	PROPN
abrj-588	141	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	141	3	52(3	52(3	NOUN
abrj-588	141	4	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	141	5	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	141	6	761–766	761–766	NUM
abrj-588	141	7	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	142	1	https://doi.org/10.2307/1913475	https://doi.org/10.2307/1913475	X
abrj-588	143	1	lesage	lesage	NOUN
abrj-588	143	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	143	3	p.	p.	NOUN
abrj-588	143	4	g.	g.	PROPN
abrj-588	143	5	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	143	6	1999	1999	NUM
abrj-588	143	7	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	143	8	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	144	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	144	2	theory	theory	NOUN
abrj-588	144	3	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	144	4	practice	practice	NOUN
abrj-588	144	5	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	144	6	spatial	spatial	ADJ
abrj-588	144	7	econometrics	econometric	NOUN
abrj-588	144	8	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	145	1	http://www.spatial-econometrics.com	http://www.spatial-econometrics.com	X
abrj-588	146	1	ndagijimana	ndagijimana	PROPN
abrj-588	146	2	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	146	3	f.	f.	PROPN
abrj-588	146	4	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	146	5	&	&	CCONJ
abrj-588	146	6	widodo	widodo	PROPN
abrj-588	146	7	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	146	8	w.	w.	PROPN
abrj-588	146	9	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	146	10	2025	2025	NUM
abrj-588	146	11	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	146	12	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	147	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
abrj-588	147	2	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	147	3	the	the	DET
abrj-588	147	4	effect	effect	NOUN
abrj-588	147	5	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	147	6	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	147	7	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	147	8	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	147	9	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	147	10	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	147	11	rate	rate	NOUN
abrj-588	147	12	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	147	13	a	a	DET
abrj-588	147	14	rwandan	rwandan	PROPN
abrj-588	147	15	perspective	perspective	NOUN
abrj-588	147	16	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	148	1	new	new	ADJ
abrj-588	148	2	applied	apply	VERB
abrj-588	148	3	studies	study	NOUN
abrj-588	148	4	in	in	ADP
abrj-588	148	5	management	management	NOUN
abrj-588	148	6	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	148	7	economics	economics	PROPN
abrj-588	148	8	&	&	CCONJ
abrj-588	148	9	accounting	accounting	PROPN
abrj-588	148	10	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	149	1	https://doi.org/xxxxxxx	https://doi.org/xxxxxxx	PROPN
abrj-588	149	2	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	149	3	replace	replace	VERB
abrj-588	149	4	with	with	ADP
abrj-588	149	5	actual	actual	ADJ
abrj-588	149	6	doi	doi	NOUN
abrj-588	149	7	if	if	SCONJ
abrj-588	149	8	available	available	ADJ
abrj-588	149	9	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	149	10	tambunan	tambunan	NOUN
abrj-588	149	11	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	149	12	t.	t.	PROPN
abrj-588	149	13	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	149	14	2011	2011	NUM
abrj-588	149	15	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	149	16	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	150	1	the	the	DET
abrj-588	150	2	impact	impact	NOUN
abrj-588	150	3	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	150	4	foreign	foreign	ADJ
abrj-588	150	5	direct	direct	ADJ
abrj-588	150	6	investment	investment	NOUN
abrj-588	150	7	on	on	ADP
abrj-588	150	8	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	150	9	reduction	reduction	NOUN
abrj-588	150	10	:	:	PUNCT
abrj-588	150	11	a	a	DET
abrj-588	150	12	survey	survey	NOUN
abrj-588	150	13	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	150	14	literature	literature	NOUN
abrj-588	150	15	and	and	CCONJ
abrj-588	150	16	a	a	DET
abrj-588	150	17	temporary	temporary	ADJ
abrj-588	150	18	finding	finding	NOUN
abrj-588	150	19	from	from	ADP
abrj-588	150	20	indonesia	indonesia	PROPN
abrj-588	150	21	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	151	1	asian	asian	PROPN
abrj-588	151	2	journal	journal	PROPN
abrj-588	151	3	of	of	ADP
abrj-588	151	4	development	development	NOUN
abrj-588	151	5	matters	matter	NOUN
abrj-588	151	6	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	151	7	5(2	5(2	NUM
abrj-588	151	8	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	151	9	,	,	PUNCT
abrj-588	152	1	1–28	1–28	PROPN
abrj-588	152	2	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	153	1	world	world	PROPN
abrj-588	153	2	bank	bank	PROPN
abrj-588	153	3	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	154	1	(	(	PUNCT
abrj-588	154	2	2005	2005	NUM
abrj-588	154	3	)	)	PUNCT
abrj-588	154	4	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	155	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
abrj-588	155	2	to	to	ADP
abrj-588	155	3	poverty	poverty	NOUN
abrj-588	155	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
abrj-588	155	5	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	156	1	world	world	PROPN
abrj-588	156	2	bank	bank	PROPN
abrj-588	156	3	.	.	PUNCT
abrj-588	157	1	https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documentsreports/documentdetail/	https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documentsreports/documentdetail/	NOUN