ajoaa: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ajoaa.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Farmers; Agriculture; Production; Food; Rice; Nigeria; Farming; Income; Area; Level; Soil; Respondents; Land; Yield; Growth; Use; Model; Crop; State; Agricultural; Farm; Plant; Water; Extension; Value; Efficiency; Table; Sector; Factors; Households; Rural; Change; Market; Total; Price; Management; Women; Participation; Project; View; Products; Control; Vietnam; Supply; Weight; Plants; Milk; Year; Fertilizer; Education; Poultry; Capital; Variety; Business; Wheat; Malaysia; Cassava; Days; Rate; Oil; Root; Temperature; Leaf; Stress; Age; Biomass; Concentration; Intention; Waste; Day; Ga3; Length; Cold; Dose; Skin; Acreage

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Agricultural Income Determinants among Smallholder Farmers: Case of Northern Part of Burundi by Nzabakenga, Alfred ; Feng, Luo Xiao ; Yaqin, He (2013) - To fully facilitate and improve the income diversification for rural farm household, take positive steps to develop rural infrastructure by such as supplying electricity and establishing good quality access to markets (Fausat, 2012). Some suggestions were also mentioned to sustain the agricultural returns, the well-being of farm households and to improve the rural infrastructure. Keywords: agricultural; burundi; development; farm; farmers; food; households; income; journal; size
• Impact of Agricultural Extension Services on Technology Adoption and Crops Yield: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan by Ali, Akhter ; Rahut, Dil Bahadur (2013) - The propensity score matching approach for impact evaluation was employed in the current study to correct for potential sample selection biasedness that may arise due to systematic differences between the farmers having benefited from agricultural extension services and not benefited from agricultural extension services. The empirical results indicate that agricultural extension services play a significant role in adoption of improved agricultural technologies like laser leveling, rice and wheat varieties. Keywords: agricultural; extension; extension services; farmers; matching; percent; rice; services; wheat; yield
• Analyzingthe Micro Economic Environment of Agricultural Product: Applying The “Diamond” Model to a Non – Profit Organization by Khuntonthong , Puttawan; Chakpitak, Nopasit ; Neubert, Gilles (2013) - Related and supporting industries There were 16 government and non- government organizations involved in Bresse chicken cluster and they supported finance, knowledge and management. Conclusions In this study the Diamond model analysis was employed in order to explore impacts of environment that caused innovations for Bresse chicken cluster to be implemented which resulted in the increase in competitive advantage of the Royal Project Foundation and farmers under the project. Keywords: bresse; chicken; cluster; factors; farmers; government; market; porter; product; project
• Consultation Based Inductive Study of Vegetables Growing Women Farmers of Punjab, Pakistan by Butt, Tahir Munir ; jie, Gao Qi; Zhenguo , Han ; Khan, Muhammad Ammad (2013) - In Pakistan Agriculture extension plays a significant responsibility in the development of agriculture but with minute focus on women farmers. Remaining percentage (21.4) of women farmer was doing cultivation for their home based requirements. Keywords: agriculture; cultivation; development; extension; farmers; farming; market; production; respondents; vegetables; women
• Investigating Social Capital Levels Among Small Holder Maize Farmers in the Kwahu North District, Ghana by Tham-Agyekum, Enoch Kwame ; Nimoh, Fred (2013) - Using a household-level survey data, this study investigates social capital levels among small-holder maize farmers in the Kwahu North district of the Eastern region of Ghana. -0.219 Access to Resources 0.652 0.104 0.303 1.000 -0.119 Attendance to Community Activities 0.108 -0.091 -0.219 -0.119 1.000 Source: Field data, 2012 Conclusion and recommendations This study investigates social capital levels among small-holder maize farmers in the Kwahu North district of the Eastern Region of Ghana. Keywords: access; activities; capital; community; contacts; farmers; frequency; information; level; resources; social
• Improving Rural Livelihood through NERICA Farming: An Inquiry into Najja Sub-county in Central Uganda by Makosa , Dan ; Takayanagi, Nagatada (2014) - Results and discussion Production environment of NERICA rice in Najja sub-county Rain-fed rice farming: a fragile business The farming pattern in Uganda is entirely dependent on rainfall. Although not considered a priority crop for Buikwe district in the national agricultural zoning, NERICA rice should be promoted in Najja sub-county given its high productivity in comparison to national rice figures and to other crops within the sub-county. Keywords: agriculture; development; farmers; farming; high; income; livelihood; marketing; milling; najja; nerica; production; rice; study; sub; uganda; yield
• Competency Capacity Building Needs of Crop Farmers in Soil Erosion Management in ENUGU State, Nigeria by R. U, Omeh; V. C, Asogwa; M. N, Omeje (2014) - It was found out that crop farmers in Enugu State needed capacity building in 15 competency items in tillage, 11competency items in mulching, 10 competency items in cover cropping and 10 competency items in strip cropping for soil erosion management. It shows Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(1)2014: 74-81 76 that crop farmers have low level knowledge and skills in the methods of soil erosion management while they have the potential and most tendencies to expand into large scale production of crops if their training needs in erosion control management are substantially satisfied and their interests well motivated in the occupation. Keywords: building; capacity; cbn; competency; crop; erosion; farmers; management; soil
• Opportunities and Challenges in Cultivating Underutilized Field Crops in Moneragala District of Sri Lanka by S. H. P, Malkanthi; A. S, Karunaratne; S. D, Amuwala; P, Silva (2014) - Underutilized crops cultivation in Sri Lanka Sri Lanka is an agricultural country which has been identified as one of the countries in Asia with a very high degree of biodiversity. Abstract Cultivation and use of underutilized crops is gradually popularizing in many countries since they create several benefits for the man and the environment. Keywords: challenges; crops; cultivation; farmers; knowledge; lanka; level; respondents; species; sri
• Analysis of Communication Sources Used by Farmers in Handling Poultry Diseases in Ughelli North Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria by J. U, Agbamu (2014) - Associated with Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5005 mailto:joeagbamu@yahoo.com Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(2)2014: 106- 112 107 disease prevalence is the challenge of how to handle poultry diseases and taking disease prevention measures by poultry farmers. No formal education Primary education Secondary education Tertiary education 2 9 38 31 2.5 11.2 47.5 38.8 Farming experience (years) 1 – 5 6 – 10 11 – 15 16 – 20 21 – 25 23 33 13 6 5 28.8 41.2 16.2 7.5 6.3 9.1 years Type of Birds Reared Broilers Layers Layers and broilers 20 50 10 25.0 62.5 12.5 Number of birds reared 200 – 1999 2000 – 3999 4000 – 5999 44 24 12 55.0 30.0 15.0 2,254 birds/farmer Income per month (N) N21,000 - N60,999 61,000 - 100,999 101,000 - 140,999 141,000 - 180,999 6 12 13 49 7.5 15.0 16.2 61.3 N133,418.33/month Contact with extension agents Zero contact/year (No contact) 1 – 6 contacts/yr (Rarely) 7 – 12 contacts/yr (Often) 13 – 24 contacts/yr (Very often) 27 42 6 5 33.7 52.5 7.5 6.3 Table 2: Distribution of respondents according to common poultry diseases identified Common Diseases Frequency* n = 80 Percentage Gumboro disease 32 40.0 Newcastle disease 62 77.5 Fowl typhoid 41 51.3 Fowl pox 38 47.5 Bird flu - 0.0 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(2)2014: 106- 112 110 Chronic respiratory disease 34 42.5 * Multiple responses Table 3: Type of poultry information desired Common Diseases Frequency* n = 80 Percentage Disease prevention methods 42 52.5 How to obtain veterinary services 47 58.8 Modern poultry equipment 36 45.0 Administration of drugs 67 83.8 Market information 34 42.5 * Multiple responses Extent of use of communication sources by poultry farmers The results in Table 4 show that veterinary officers ( = 2.46), friends ( = 1.86) and contact farmers ( = 1.63) constitute the communication sources mostly used by farmers in handling poultry diseases. Keywords: communication; disease; farmers; poultry; prevention; sources; use
• Comparison of Technical Efficiency and Socio-economic Status in Animal-crop Mixed Farming Systems in Dry Lowland Sri Lanka by Vithanage, Upul Yasantha Nanayakkara ; Gunaratne, Lokugam H. P; M. B. P, Kumara Mahipala ; Cyril, Hewa Waduge (2014) - Approximate numbers of dairy farmers were found from the different 10 administrative divisions. The status of the dairy farmer was well recognized in both farming systems; however a considerable number of farmers stated that there was no satisfactory recognition (‘bad’) for dairy farmers in the society. Keywords: agriculture; dairy; development; efficiency; efs; farmers; farming; frontier; labor; lanka; milk; production; sifs; sri; systems
• Economic Valuation of Fortified Cassava Peels for Goat Feeding in South-western, Nigeria by L. O, Okojie ; Adewuyi , S. A; K, Adebayo; A. M, Adetoye (2014) - The study indicates the mean Willingness to Pay (WTP) for a 25kg of fortified goat feed as N1, 019: = in the study area. Farming system practiced by respondents had the likelihood of positively and significantly (p<0.01) affecting the WTP for fortified goat feed from cassava peels. Keywords: cassava; farmers; feed; fortified; goat; peels; study; wtp
• Diffusion and Adoption of Oat NARC Variety in Rainfed Area, Pakistan by Naheed , Sobia; Habib, Nusrat ; Anwer, M Zubair; Siddiqui, Sabeen (2014) - The present study was planned to estimate the extent of diffusion (spread) and adoption of fodder variety Oat NARC developed by Fodder Programe NARC. Constraining factors Table 7 shows that technical factors constraining adoption of oat varieties, fodder legumes have an important role, in animal health and fulfilling the nutritional requirements of the animal. Keywords: adoption; area; factors; farmers; fodder; narc; oat; soil; variety
• Social Impact Assessment of Crude Oil Pollution on Small Scale Farmers in Oil Producing Communities of the Central Agricultural Zone of Delta State, Nigeria by A. O. U., Ofuoku; F. N, Emuh; O, Ezeonu (2014) - Table 2: Distribution of respondents in oil producing communities of central agro-ecological zone of Delta State according to types environmental problems faced (n =120) Environmental problems Frequency % Rank Land degradation/pollution 105 87.5 4 Soil erosion 116 96.6 1 Water pollution 100 80.3 5 Air pollution 75 62.5 6 Bush burning 112 93.3 3 Massive deforestation 75 62.5 6 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(3)2014: 233-241 238 Acid rain 63 52.5 8 Noise 118 98.3 2 Source: Field survey, 2011 Factors responsible for diversification into other generating activities in oil producing communities Table 3 reveals that 83.3%, 85.8% and 98.3% of the respondents opined that oil pollution had a great negative impact on their income, land availability and agricultural production respectively. Keywords: Agricultural activities, crude oil pollution, farmers, socio-economic activities Introduction 1 The significance of the agricultural sector as a source of food in Nigeria took a downward trend soon after the discovery of crude oil and Corresponding author’s Name: Emuh, F. N. Email address: fnemuh@yahoo.com subsequent exploration and exploitation of crude oil in the 1970s as a major foreign exchange earner (Adesina, 2012; Babatunde, 2012). Keywords: activities; delta; environmental; farmers; impact; journal; nigeria; oil; pollution; state; study
• Effect of Small-scale Irrigation on the Farm Households’ Income of Rural Farmers: The Case of Girawa District, East Hararghe, Oromia, Ethiopia by A, Beyan ; H, Jema ; K, Adem (2014) - They show that farm income of irrigation users were Birr 87290.45 and the average for the non-users were Birr 67983.62. The average Crop income of irrigation users were Birr 19718 and the average for the non-users were Birr 12899. Keywords: agriculture; ethiopia; farm; farmers; households; income; irrigation; level; non; participation; probability; users
• Crop Residue Management in Conservation Agriculture Systems in Zimbabwe Smallholder Farming Sector: Importance, Management Challenges and Possible Solutions by Mhlanga , Blessing ; Muoni, Tarirai (2014) - Picture 1: shows thatch grass used by farmers as supplementary soil surface cover in maize systems in Zimuto village of Masvingo in Zimbabwe Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(5)2014: 333-340 336 However, CA cropping system seems to favour the green route where crop residues are retained in the field as post-mortem green manure cover crops or as crop residue harvested at the end of the season (Saini, 2009). There is competition on crop residue uses causing challenges in retaining adequate crop residues for full benefits of using residues to be realised. Keywords: agriculture; conservation; cover; crop; farmers; management; residues; smallholder; soil
• Analysis of the Profitability and Marketing Channels of Rice: A Case Study of by M. J, Bime; T. M, Fouda; J. K, Mai Bong (2014) - There exist 9 main channels of rice marketing in the area but when we con- sider urban and rural wholesaler, millers, and retailers as separate entities we obtain 18 market lines of rice within and without the production zone. Specifically, the study was aimed at; analyzing the different marketing channels; determining the profit of actors at different levels as well as the role of each set of actors and identifying the major risk asso- ciated in rice production and marketing. Keywords: average; cost; farmers; marketing; millers; production; profit; rice; study
• Acceptance of Climate Change by Rural Farming Communities in Delta State, Nigeria: Effect of Science and Government Credibility by Ofuoku , Albert Ukaro ; Uzokwe, Uche N (2014) - A preparatory assessment of Delta State rural communities’ understanding of climate change and insights into potential barriers to communication were given by influences on their attitudes. Average of 60.46% of the farmers reported that climate change was occurring and asserted that climate change was the consequence of human activities. Keywords: change; climate; credibility; delta; farmers; government; science; state
• Farmers’ Perceptions Regarding the use of Botswana’s Tsa Temo Thuo Television Programme by K, Gababolokwe; K, Hulela (2014) - Currently, there is no research that has been conducted to evaluate the impact of television programmes in disseminating knowledge information to Botswana farmers; hence this study is significant. The information provided by the programme was perceived to be inadequate and the local language used was found to be appropriate to educate Botswana farmers. Keywords: agriculture; farmers; farming; information; programme; study; television; thuo; tsa
• Determinants of Farmers' Agricultural Diversification: The Case of Cambodia by Seng, Kimty (2014) - Land dispute, one of the main institutional matters in Cambodia, is found to have significantly negative marginal-effect on farmers’ decision on crop diversification. It is hypothesized that price factors and secured land rights determine the farmers’ decision on crop diversification, and consequently affecting the level of diversified-farming. Keywords: agriculture; cambodia; crop; crop diversification; decision; diversification; dummy; farmers; household; intensity; land; price; production
• Smallholder Cocoa Farmers Access to On/Off-Farm Support Services and its Contribution to Output in the Eastern Region of Ghana by Onumah, Justina A; Williams, Portia Adade ; Quaye , Wilhelmina; Akuffobea, Mavis ; Akuffobea, Mavis (2014) - Additionally, Fesenberg (2012) observed that the low income and productivity of cocoa farmers is as a result of inefficiencies in the value chain, including poor access to quality inputs and technology, lack of knowledge of best practices, insufficient organizational capacity, and poor access to buyers and market information. According to Fesenberg (2012) majority of cocoa farmers are not organized in cooperatives, infrastructure and input finance are inadequate, there is lack of understanding of quality requirements with limited knowledge of improved production techniques, farm management skills are inadequate, little access to market information and high transport costs. Keywords: access; cocoa; development; extension; farmers; ghana; labour; output; production; services; smallholder; study; support
• Factors Influencing Rural Dwellers Participation in Millennium Village Project (MVP) in Pampaida, Kaduna State, Nigeria by M, Barnabas Tena ; G, Akpoko Joseph; O, Akinola Michael ; A, Nandi James (2014) - Abstract This study examines the factors influencing rural dwellers participation in Millennium Village Project (MVP) in Pampaida of Kaduna State, Nigeria. The study set out to identify factors influencing rural dwellers participation in Millennium Village Project (MVP) in Pampaida Community of Kaduna State. Keywords: agriculture; development; farmers; journal; millennium; mvp; nigeria; participation; poverty; project
• Economic Analysis of Paddy Rice Production in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria by F. A, Kadiri; C. C, Eze; J. S, Orebiyi; A, Henri–Ukoha (2014) - The data for the study was collected from 300 rice farmers in three out of nine states in the region based on their intensity in rice production in the study area using multistage and simple random sampling technique. Rice production was found to be profitable as farmers realized ₦300,071.84 as Net farm Income. Keywords: area; cost; delta; development; farmers; nigeria; paddy; production; rice; study
• Factors Impacting Adoption of Organic Farming in Chitwan District of Nepal by Singh, Mrinila ; Maharjan , Keshav Lall ; Maskey, Bijan (2015) - Compared to inorganic farming, there is less probability of practicing partial organic farming, significant at 5% in Shivanagar VDC and organic farming, significant at 1% in Mangalpur VDC. The objective of this study is to assess factors identifying the underlying issues leading farmers to adopt organic farming. Keywords: agriculture; development; farmers; farming; group; inorganic; journal; nepal; study; system; variables; vdc
• Adaptation Strategies to Climate Variability and Change and its Limitations to Smallholder Farmers. A Literature Search by Phillipo, Frank ; Bushesha, Magreth ; Mvena, Zebedayo S. K (2015) - This paper found that smallholder farmers use a variety of practices to adapt to climate variability and change. Availability of extension services, climate change information and membership to social networks were among the factors identified dictating smallholder farmers adaptation to climate variability and change. Keywords: adaptation; africa; agriculture; change; climate; crop; development; farmers; management; smallholder; smallholder farmers; strategies
• Analysing the Robustness of Spice Chains in Nepal from a Smallholder Perspective by Bhattarai, Salil; Lyne, Michael C; Martin, Sandra K (2015) - The conceptual employed in this study extends the traditional vertical coordination continuum to incorporate missing transactions and informal market transactions (Bhattarai et al., 2013) Ginger Modes of engagement in the ginger chain switched from informal market transactions to relational contracts and back to informal market transactions. Keywords: buyers; cardamom; chain; cooperative; engagement; farmers; ginger; information; journal; market; marketing; modes; transactions; value
• Analysis of Crop Enterprise Combination among Small Holder Farmers in Delta North Agricultural Zone, Delta State, Nigeria by A. I. N, Kaine (2015) - It is equally less than 52 years reported by Ajani and Olayemi (2002) as the average age of food crop farmers in Oyo North of Oyo State Nigeria. It differs from the mean age of thirty eight years observed by Agbamu (2014) on his study on communication sources used by farmers in handling poultry diseases in Ughelli North Local Government Area, Delta State Nigeria. Keywords: crop; farm; farmers; income; nigeria; percent; respondents; state; total
• Impact of Certification System on Smallhold Coffee Farms’ Income Distribution in Vietnam by Nguyen , Thi Minh Chi ; Chien , Li-Hsien ; Chen , Shwu-En (2015) - Keywords: Certification program, coffee farmer, decision analysis, Vietnam agriculture 1. INTRODUCTION1 Vietnam's coffee industry has made a long stride to become the world's first place on Robusta coffee export and second position on export in the last decade. Statistical models A two stage procedure for decision estimation is adopted to describe the participation consideration for coffee farmers. Keywords: certification; coffee; development; effect; farmers; household; income; journal; production; program; study; treatment; vietnam
• Farmers’ Attitudes toward Risks in Paddy Production of North- West Selangor Integrated Agricultural Development Area (IADA), Malaysia by Abdullah , Amin Mahir; Gindi, Abdullahi Auwal ; Darham, Suryani ; Radam, Alias (2015) - Several approaches have been used by different researchers in measuring attitude toward risk as cited by Dadzie and Acquah (2012) whose ranges from direct and indirect approaches, economic anthropology, farmer risk programming, expected utility and safety- first theory approach, an interview method eliciting certainty equivalents and experimental gambling approach among others. An instrument consisting of 47 statements or items referring to four different categories of risks designed for the study are as follows: Production Risk (PR) with 15 items, Financial Risk (FR) with 16 items, Social Risk (SR) with 10 items and Environmental Risk (ENR) with 6 items. Keywords: attitudes; difference; farmers; groups; income; level; paddy; production; risk
• Status and Constraints of Jute Cultivation in Bangladesh: An Experience from Selected Upazilas under Chandpur District by Islam , Mohammad Muzahidul ; Xiaoying, Jian; Uddin, Md Ektear ; Bhuiyan, Faruk (2015) - Finally, it is expected that the results of this study will be useful for jute farmers, policy makers and researchers to address the contemporary obstacles of jute cultivation in effectively. It is noted that researchers in not much aware any academic research how these factors are contributing in jute cultivation decisions by jute farmers. Keywords: agriculture; area; bangladesh; constraints; cultivation; development; farmers; government; journal; jute; knowledge; lack; obstacles; production; study
• Comparing the Costs and Benefits of Floating Rice-Based and Intensive Rice-Based Farming Systems in the Mekong Delta by Nguyen, Van Kien ; Vo , Oc Van; Huynh, Duc Ngoc (2015) - Table 2: Cost-benefit analysis for floating rice crop in My An, Tan Long and Vinh Phuoc communes Indicators Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 5(9)2015: 202-217 215 Appendixes 1: Cost-benefit analysis of floating rice crop in my an commune of Cho Moi district Indicators Unit Quantity Price Total costs land preparation VND/1000 m2 1 180,000 180,000 Seeds kg/1000 m2 10 10,000 100,000 Weeding VND/1000 m2 1 40,000 40,000 Harvesting (sickle) VND/1000 m2 1 200,000 200,000 Fertilizer VND/1000 m2 5 1,000 5,000 Keywords: benefit; commune; corn; cost; crops; district; farmers; net; phu; rice; total; vnd
• Diversification and a Multidisciplinary Approach for Raising Agriculture Production and Attaining Food Security in Smallholder Farming Systems of Sub-Saharan Africa by Munyua, Catherine N; Wagara, Isabel N (2015) - A multidisciplinary approach based on the theory of embededdness whereby farmers, researchers, extension institutions, and political institutions work together can further raise agriculture production and improve food security. Agriculture production can be considered as an action with economic implications whereby the farmer in deciding to engage in farming hopes to gain directly or indirectly. Keywords: africa; agriculture; change; climate; farmers; food; production; systems
• Determinants of Crop Diversification amongst Agricultural Co-Operators in Dundwa Agricultural Camp, Choma District, Zambia by Dube, Lighton ; Numbwa, Revaux; Guveya, Emmanuel (2016) - Crop diversification, drivers of crop diversification and constraints to crop diversification Crop diversification refers to the addition of new crops or cropping systems to agricultural production on a particular farm taking into account the different returns from value-added crops with complementary marketing opportunities (http://www.climatetechwiki.org/content/crop- diversification-and-new-varieties, accessed 6/11/2015). Crop diversification was then measured using the Entropy index of crop diversification given as;   ii n i ppEI log1 Where, Pi is the area share or proportion of crop i out of the total area cultivated. Keywords: access; agriculture; crop; crop diversification; development; diversification; farm; farmers; female; headed; households; journal; percent; total
• Communication and Adoption Behavour of Information Technology by Rural Farmers in Ebonyi State by Williams, Egwu Emeka (2016) - Extension involves the conscious use of communication information to help farmer form sound opinion and make good decisions (Brin et al., 2001). Communication channels The communication process consists of four essential elements. Keywords: channel; communication; development; extension; farmers; information; process; receiver
• Empowerment among Small Farmers of Sindh Province, Pakistan by Khushk, Ghulam Mujtaba ; Samah, Asnarulkhadi Abu; Hamsan , Hanina ; Ahmad, Nobaya (2016) - Level of capacity building Table 2 showed the item analysis measuring capacity building which revealed that the respondents’ capacity was developed as a result of their participation in crop maximization projects. Community development, community empowerment, small farmers, capacity building, self-esteem, self-efficacy 1. INTRODUCTION Empowerment of communities has remained the main target for local governments of the developing countries. Keywords: capacity; crop; development; empowerment; farmers; level; maximization; participation; project; self
• Comprehending Smallholder Maize Enterprises’ Profitability with the Current Maize Marketing System in Zimbabwe: A Case of Mazowe District by Basera, John ; Makate, Clifton ; Tozooneyi, Takesure (2016) - In this study we analyze profitability of smallholder maize farmers in Mazowe District of Zimbabwe. In terms of other physical costs, results show that on average, smallholder maize farmers spent much on fertilizer costs (US$ 265.7), followed by seed costs (US$79.4), then chemical costs (US$51.6), labor costs (US$28.6) and spent the least on transportation costs (US$7.2). Keywords: agriculture; costs; development; farmers; farming; maize; maize profitability; marketing; production; productivity; profitability; results; smallholder; study; tobacco; zimbabwe
• Effect of the Performance of Primary Health Care Service Providers on the Wellbeing of Cassava Farmers in Abia State, Nigeria by S. C, Nwafor ; K. N, Ogbonna ; N. A, Kanu ; J. A, Adegbola (2016) - The study described the socio-economic characteristics of cassava farmers, ascertained cassava farmers’ awareness level of the existence of primary health care service centres, determined the level of utilization of primary health care service centres, ascertained the perceived performance of the primary health care service providers, and determined the effect of the primary health care service delivery on the wellbeing of cassava farmers in Abia state, Nigeria. Primary health care centre is a core institution in the primary health care program. Keywords: care; farmers; health; level; performance; phc; providers; respondents; service
• The Status of the Adoption of Mangrove Swamp Rice Varieties in Sierra Leone by Gborie, Moses; Mahmood, Nazir A; Kanu, Adam S; Jenkins, Finda B; Kargbo, Henry M.S (2016) - These results reveal that a large number of mangrove farmers did not adopt RARC mangrove rice varieties because of the lack of skilled labour, training, extension visits and awareness of the varieties. The average mangrove rice farmers’ annual yield is 2 t/ha of paddy compared to 1 t/ha for most other rice ecologies in the region (Agyen-Sampong, 1984). Keywords: adoption; chiefdom; count; farmers; mangrove; rarc; rice; rok; varieties
• The Determinants of Adoption of Improved Varieties of Sesame in Northern Burkina Faso by Barry, Silamana (2016) - It is demonstrated that the grown area of a crop is negatively correlated to the probability of improved varieties adoption. In order to integrate the structures of agricultural researches, the objectives were to assess for farmers preferences on improved sesame seeds, to breed for improved varieties adapted to the soil and the climate; to evaluate and select the most ideal sesame variety of Yatenga. Keywords: adoption; cattle; doorstep; farmers; household; journal; number; sesame; variable; varieties; workforce
• Gender and Social Economic Factors Affecting IPM Knowledge Acquisition and Application: A Case Study of Coffee Farmer Group Members in Bugisu, Uganda by Ochago, R. ; Mangheni , M. N; Miiro , R. F (2016) - Much as the level of men’s knowledge of CSB IPM was higher than women, the score of all the seven parameters was less than 50%, the study concludes that their position in the society enables them to acquire coffee IPM knowledge and skills of the IPM use than women in Coffee IPM groups. The chi-square comparisons revealed a significant association between gender and the knowledge of CSB IPM practices (table 10).Taking an Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 6(9)2016: 175-187 184 example of women, they more they attended group meeting, visited water points and other villages the more they acquired knowledge of CSB IPM knowledge. Keywords: agriculture; coffee; control; csb; csb ipm; development; farmers; gender; ipm; journal; knowledge; level; pest; practices; women
• Empirical Evidence on Contract Farming in Northern Nigeria: Case Study of Tomato Production by Kutawa, Iro Ibrahim (2021) - This implies that differences between the groups (contract farmers and non-contract farmers) in observed factors that could explain both selection into tomato contract farming as well as biased estimates for the outcome variables (productivity, tomato income, total household income and poverty) are properly controlled before the treatment effect valuation. This result is in consonance with Tatlidil and Aktur (2004) who revealed that the transaction cost (proxied by transportation cost) of tomato contract farmers ($25.90) was lower than the non-contract farmers ($47.20) in the Bida district of Canakhale province, Turkey. Keywords: contract; contract farming; development; effect; farmers; farming; income; journal; level; matching; model; participation; tomato; tomato contract
• Producers’ perceptions of public good agricultural practices and their pesticide use: The case of MyGAP for durian farming in Pahang, Malaysia by Amekawa, Yuichiro ; Chuan, Ng Chuck ; Lumayag, Linda A. ; Tan, Guan Huat; Wong, Chee Seng ; Abdulra’uf, Lukman B; Tan, Hui Bing ; Tai, Wen Xi ; Tan, She Mei ; Liu, Chai Hong ; Chee, Jing Lim (2017) - The performance of record keeping of MyGAP certified farms appears much better than the case of Q-GAP certified pomelo farms in Amekawa (2013b), where most of the interviewed 64 certified pomelo farmers ceased to keep records after receiving certification. Discussion With the results unfolded above, a question arises as to whether the conceived superiority of MyGAP certified durian farms over uncertified ones in pesticide management is due to improved practices of the former through MyGAP training or due to other causes. Keywords: agriculture; certification; development; doa; durian; farmers; farms; food; journal; malaysia; managers; mygap; number; pesticide; practices; use; view
• Knowledge and attitude of poultry farmers towards biosecurity against zoonotic avian influenza H5N1 in Kaduna state, Nigeria by Ezeh, C.C; Ezeh, O.H; Afolayan, S. B (2017) - INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 56 Knowledge and attitude of poultry farmers towards biosecurity against zoonotic avian influenza H5N1 in Kaduna state, Nigeria C. C. Ezeha, O. H. Ezehb and S. B. Afolayana a College of Agriculture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. The study sought to appraise the knowledge and attitude of poultry farmers in Kaduna State, Nigeria, regarding biosecurity against Avian Influenza. Keywords: biosecurity; disease; farmers; influenza; knowledge; measures; nigeria; poultry; state; table
• Pre-scaling up of improved faba bean technologies in the highland districts of Guji Zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia by Kebede, Basha ; Korji, Dembi (2018) - Yield performance faba bean varieties From the pre scaling up of faba bean varieties in Guji zone the higher yield (33.76qt/ha) was obtained from Gebelcho variety while Walki variety only gave 27qt/ha. To scale up improved faba bean varieties in the community  Keywords: bean; districts; faba; farmers; production; varieties; yield
• Demonstration of improved teff varieties at selected midland districts of Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia by Kebede, Basha ; Korji , Dembi (2018) - Higher yield than locally available teff variety increases farmer’s motivation to grow recommended and improved teff varieties. Not only high yield but also early maturity among teff varieties is another important characteristics in teff variety promotion. Keywords: district; farmers; production; research; teff; varieties; variety; yield
• Cost and benefit analysis of adoption of climate change adaptation options among rural rice farmers in Nepal by Devkota, Niranjan ; Phuyal, Ram Kumar; Shrestha, Durga Lal (2018) - Pant (2011) divided adaptation cost of agriculture into cost of behavioral adaptation, changes in farming management practices, technological adaptation and subset of adaptation costs that encompass compliance to policy options. Bahinipati (2011) has separated adaptation costs as first generation study - who shared a common methodology for calculating the adaptation cost, first developed by the World Bank and second generation study - adaptation cost by sectors. Keywords: adaptation; adaptation options; agriculture; change; climate; cost; farmers; google; nrs; options; rice; scholar; strategies; study; view
• Comparing technical efficiency of maize smallholder farmers in Tabora and Ruvuma regions of Tanzania: a frontier production approach by Miho , Asela (2018) - Technical efficiency with stochastic and deterministic frontier functions Both stochastic and deterministic frontier can be used to estimate technical efficiency but stochastic frontier is more accepted because it takes to account symmetric error which is neglected in deterministic frontier. The results as presented in Table 4 suggests that; Age of the head of household is positive in both regions and statistically significantly at 5% caused inefficiency in Ruvuma region maize farmers, this is possible as heads of farming households becomes older they lose energy hence response to improved agricultural facilities decreases and the supervision over their farms decreases hence inefficiency increase. Keywords: agriculture; development; efficiency; farmers; frontier; function; google; journal; maize; output; production; regions; ruvuma; scholar; smallholder; tabora; tanzania; view
• Rice farmers’ technical efficiency under abiotic stresses in Bangladesh by Siddique, Md. Abu Bakr ; Sarkar, Md. Abdur Rouf ; Rahman, Mohammad Chhiddikur ; Chowdhury, Afroza ; Rahman , Md Shajedur ; Deb , Limon (2018) - The study also identified the impact of adopting stress tolerant rice varieties in the respective stress prone areas. From each of the stress environments 100 respondents who cultivated stress tolerant rice varieties were randomly selected and interviewed with pretested structured questionnaires. Keywords: areas; bangladesh; brri; cost; days; drought; efficiency; farmers; rice; saline; stress; submergence; tolerant; yield
• Use of Soil Conservation Practices for Climate Change Adaptation among Arable Crop Farmers in Cross River State, Nigeria by Igwe, Agube Ejeje ; Ironbar , Ogbonna Kalu (2018) - Adaptation, Change climate, Crop farmers, Practices, Soil conservation, Strategies ABSTRACT The study examined farmers’ use of soil conservation practices as strategies for climate change adaptation in Cross River State, Nigeria. Population pressure on land ranked highest (mean = 2.64) as the most serious constraint to the use of soil conservation practices followed by effect of urbanization (mean = 2.53). Keywords: adaptation; change; climate; conservation; conservation practices; crop; farmers; journal; practices; respondents; soil; soil conservation; study; use; view
• An Exploratory Study in to the Benefits and Challenges Facing Small-Scale Farmers in the Taung Irrigation Scheme, North West Province, South Africa by Ekobi , Gabriel; Mboh, Lovelyne (2018) - From this study, it is evident that small scale farmers are struggling to market their produce. Small holder irrigation schemes in South Africa: A review of knowledge generated by water research committee. Keywords: africa; agriculture; development; farmers; food; income; irrigation; irrigation scheme; scale; scale farmers; scheme; south; study; taung; water
• Evaluating Constraints to Animal Traction Development and Sustainability in the Upper Noun Valley, North West Region Cameroon by Mboungho, Nuipokoh Oscar ; Ibrahim, Manu ; Solefack, Dongmo (2018) - Received: 21-Aug-2018 Accepted: 29-Sep-2018 Online Available: 15-Oct- 2018 Keywords: Animal traction, Small-scale Farmer, Constraint ABSTRACT The principal aim of this study was to find out the reasons for the low adoption of animal traction in the Upper Noun Valley community. Animal traction became a major extension program of the Wum Area Development Authority (Njei, 1987). Keywords: agriculture; animal; animal traction; asian; development; farmers; journal; noun; oxen; technology; traction; training; use; valley
• Microcredit Repayment among Smallholder Farmers: What Microfinance Institutions Need to Know by Jumpah, Emmanuel Tetteh; Tetteh, Emmanuel Kojo ; Adams, Abdulai (2018) - An empirical evidence to establish microcredit loan repayment in order to find answers to the sustainability of the microcredit programme in the Ada East District and Ada West District cannot be overestimated. However, membership of farmer based organization, experience, interest rate, and duration of loan repayment negatively influences loan repayment. Keywords: activities; asian; borrowers; business; development; farmers; google; google scholar; income; interest; journal; loan; microcredit; microfinance; publisher; rate; repayment; rural; scholar; study; view
• Technical and Resource Use Efficiency of Urban Vegetable Farming in the Kumasi Metropolis: A Stochastic Frontier Approach by Abdulai, Adams ; Fialor, Simon Cudjoe ; Bakang, John Eudes Andivi ; Jumpah, Emmanuel Tetteh (2018) - This study contributes to the efficiency literature by examining the current level of production efficiency of urban vegetable farmers and their resource use efficiency in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana. Empirical studies that focused on analysing vegetable production efficiency largely point to the existence of inefficiency with various determinants (Haji and Andersson, 2008; Shettima et al., 2015). Keywords: agriculture; development; efficiency; farmers; frontier; google; journal; level; production; publisher; scholar; study; use; vegetable; view
• The Role of Government in Agricultural and Rural Development: Review of Agricultural Policies in Ukraine after Independence with a Look at the EU and South Korea Experience by Rieznik , Stanislav ; Beom , Lee Hwan (2018) - Agricultural development policy: concepts and experiences. Agricultural development in Ukraine: institutional changes and socio-economical results. Keywords: agricultural; areas; development; farmers; food; government; land; policy; production; products; role; sector; support; ukraine
• Assessment of Produce Standardization Adopted by the Rice Farmers in the Marketing of their Rice Produce in Ebonyi State, Nigeria by Mgbanya, J.C; Eze, A. V; Obiora, C. C (2019) - Therefore, since the prospect for marketing rice produce in Ebonyi state is enormous, there is need to assess the following specific objectives; identify the produce standardization adopted by the rice farmers in the marketing of their rice produce; ascertain the social and economic effects of standards adopted in the marketing of rice, and ascertain the constraints to the standardization of rice produce marketing in the study area. The inadequacy in political and social institution had led to: lack of participation of Ebonyi State rice farmers in standard setting forums both at national and international level (Xi = 2.89), lack of policy framework that contain the uniform standards and grading practice for rice produce marketing in Ebonyi state (Xi = 2.90), poor implementation of trading policies that ban importation of foreign rice (Xi = 3.11), no restriction to the use of non- uniform standards and grading practices during marketing of rice produce (Xi = 3.01),lack of infrastructural facilities that supports development of standards and grading practices for rice produce (Xi = 2.87), While the meagerness in financial and economic institutions has resulted to: absence of bank funding and participation in developing produce standards (Xi = 3.32), lack of adoption of uniform standardization and grading practices. Keywords: farmers; marketing; nigeria; produce; rice; standardization; standards; state
• Credit Demand among Small Farmers: A District Level Approach, Pakistan by Raza , Ali (2019) - The intuition could be that, at a lower level of agricultural production, income credit is needed to enhance production activities; for instance, by renting more land or buying agricultural inputs such as improved seed and fertilizer. Agei and Edui represents head of the households’ age and education, while T_Memi, Total_Yi and T_Assets_valuei represents the household size, total income, and the total value of household’s assets. Keywords: agriculture; credit; demand; farmers; households; income; journal; loans; pakistan; rural; total
• Establishment of Inclusive Business on Coffee Production in Bali Province: Lesson from the Coffee Development Project in Nusa Tenggara Timur Province, Indonesia by Sedana, Gede ; Astawa, Nengah Dasi (2019) - Contribution/ Originality This research is very important to develop coffee inclusive business which involves the entire stakeholders as market actors, especially to improve the welfare of coffee farmers. In this project, coffee farmers, through their organization (cooperative) could have good partnership with the market actors under the mutualism concept, in order to gain proportional profit within the supply chain of coffee. Keywords: actors; agriculture; bali; business; coffee; development; farmers; indonesia; journal; market; production; research
• Analysis of Banana Production Practices and Constraints in Embu County, Kenya by Muthee, Arphaxard Ireri ; Gichimu, Bernard Mukiri ; Nthakanio , Paul Njiruh (2019) - A Similar observation of low adoption of recommended practices among banana farmers was made by Woniala and Nyombi (2014) in Uganda. A survey was conducted in the four sub-counties in Embu County namely, Runyenjes, Manyatta, Mbeere North and Mbeere South, to assess the production constraints limiting banana production. Keywords: agriculture; banana; county; disease; embu; farmers; journal; kenya; management; production; soil; study
• The Level of Job Satisfaction of Young Farmers Subsidized by European Rural Measures: Evidence from Northern Greece by Papadopoulou, Dimitra G; Papadaki-Klavdianou , Afroditi ; Michailidis , Anastasios ; Partalidou, Maria (2019) - Factors affecting overall job satisfaction In order to identify the factors affecting job satisfaction, one non-parametric (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U) and one parametric test (ANOVA and t-test) was performed on each independent variable. Residing in peri-urban rural areas, the intention to continue exercising the farming profession, the sense of achievement, training opportunities, and optimism have positive effects on job satisfaction. Keywords: agriculture; areas; asian; development; farmers; job; job satisfaction; journal; level; mean; satisfaction
• Determinants of Farmers’ Intention of Applying New Technology in Production: The Case of Vietgap Standard Adoption in Vietnam by Tinh, Luong ; Hung, Phan Tran Minh ; Dzung, Doan Gia; Trinh, Vo Hoang Diem (2019) - The determinants of the intention of VietGAP adoption stem from motivational, psychological, and perceptive factors. To the best of our knowledge we are the first to comprehensively examine the determinants of the intention of VietGAP adoption in Vietnam in general and in Quangnam and Danang in particular. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; application; awareness; determinants; factors; farmers; innovation; intention; journal; production; standard; vegetable; vietgap; vietnam
• Implication of Technology on Economic Progress of Farmers: A Case of India by Pabalkar , Vanishree ; Moray, Rashmy (2019) - Recent advances in impact analysis methods for ex-post impact assessments of agricultural technology: Options for the CGIAR. The use of 3D Printing and 4D Printing, Robotics, Sensor technology, Smart farming, Information technology & IT Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 9(2)2019: 179-192 182 infrastructures, Big Data, Bioinformatics, Renewable energy, Protein transition, Food design and Vertical agriculture will change the face of farming. Keywords: agriculture; asian; data; development; economic; factor; farmers; farming; food; information; journal; model; progress; rural; sector; study; technology
• Determinants of Burden of Disease among Rice Farming Households in Ogun State, Nigeria by K. O, Aboaba; T. O, Oyekale, ; S. A, Adewuyi; S. O, Adigbo (2019) - Therefore, this study seeks to fill the existing gap in the body of knowledge with regards to the factors that determine the burden of disease among rice farming households, specifically inclined to describe their personal characteristics, or ascertain various episodes and locate the prevalence of self-reported illness among them, besides identifying the sources of health care services available to the households along with the determination of those factors, which prevents rice farmers from using public health care services. The results of the study further disclosed that age, sex, household size, off-farm income, cooperative membership, labor used, distance to health care services, health condition and dirt floor at home significantly influenced the burden of disease among rice farming households. Keywords: care; cost; farmers; farming; health; households; illness; nigeria; rice; rice farming
• The Usefulness of Cell Phones for Crop Farmers in Selected Regions of Bangladesh by Mamun-ur-Rashid , Md; Karim , Md Masud ; Islam , Md Muzahidul; Mobarak , Md Soad Bin (2019) - It is therefore necessary to launch widespread awareness campaigns for their training for keen interest and to connect them with mobile phone based information sources. As stated by McNamara (2009), the list of benefits of mobile phone use in extension and agricultural development are numerous, which encompasses - increasing small-holder productivity and incomes; turning agricultural markets more efficient and transparent; connecting poor farmers to urban, regional, and global market; improving services and governance for the rural poor; promoting and engaging smallholder in agricultural innovation; assisting farmers in managing a range of risks; efficient management of land, natural resources, and environmental pressure; enhancing participation of poor farmers in high-value agriculture; supporting the emergence of a more diverse rural economy and assisting rural families decisions about their integration of productive activities.. Keywords: agriculture; bangladesh; cell; cell phone; development; extension; farmers; information; journal; mobile; phone; research; respondents; sources; study; use; usefulness
• Cohesiveness of Farmers’ Groups in Delta State Nigeria: Its Implication for Agricultural Development by Ofuoku , Albert Ukaro (2020) - Self-help groups such as farmers groups are socio-economic groups (Ofuoku and Chukwuji, 2012; Ebi, 2014). Influence of farmers group cohesion on adoption of climate change adaption strategies in delta state, Nigeria. Keywords: agricultural; association; delta; development; farmers; groups; members; satisfaction; state
• Transaction Cost, Price Risk Perspective and Marketing Channel Decision of Small-Scale Chili Farmers in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam by Hung, Pham Quoc ; Khai, Huynh Viet (2020) - The results showed that the marketing choice decision of chili farmers was affected by transaction costs, price risk attitude and farmers’ characteristics. The results of this study could provide policymakers useful information to master chili farmers’ distribution channels. Keywords: channel; chili; choice; cooperative; costs; farmers; information; journal; marketing; price; risk; selling; transaction
• Structure and Performance of Advisory Services in Agricultural Development around Protected Area: The Case of Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam by Nhung , Nguyen Thi Trang; Cuong, Tran Huu ; Lebailly , Philippe (2020) - INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 95 STRUCTURE AND PERFORMANCE OF ADVISORY SERVICES IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AROUND PROTECTED AREA: THE CASE OF XUAN THUY NATIONAL PARK, VIETNAM Nguyen Thi Trang Nhung a b, Tran Huu Cuong b, Philippe Lebailly a aEconomics & Rural Development, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Belgium b Faculty of Accounting and Business Management, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam  thuytrangnhung@gmail.com (Corresponding author) Corresponding author ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 18-Dec-2019 Accepted: 28-Feb-2020 Online Available: 20-Mar- 2020 Keywords: Agricultural advisory services, Buffer zone, Xuan Thuy national park, Vietnam ABSTRACT The study was conducted in the buffer zone of Xuan Thuy National Park (XTNP), the largest wetland ecosystem in Northern Vietnam, to assess the governance structure and performance of agricultural advisory services (AAS) in agricultural production under the context of environmental protection. Contribution/ Originality This article contributes to overcome the shortage of information on agricultural advisory services for buffer zone management of Vietnam and other countries. Keywords: aas; advisory; agricultural; buffer; cab; cac; development; extension; farmers; input; irrigation; journal; production; services; thuy; xtnp
• An Assessment of the Use of Agricultural Marketing Extension among Extension Methods: Insight from Jordan by Altarawneh, Radi; Al-Sharafat , Ali ; Altarawneh , Mohammad (2020) - Agricultural marketing extension The results of the study revealed that all of the respondents were aware of the concepts related to agricultural marketing extension. The study provided empirical evidence about the lack of agricultural marketing extension among extension methods used by public extension agents in Jordan. Keywords: activities; agents; agriculture; development; extension; farmers; jordan; marketing; marketing extension; rural; services
• Appraisal of Backyard Farming Among Households: Implications for Rural Development and Food Security in Nigeria by Joseph, Ovharhe Oghenero; Odemero, Achoja Felix ; Folunsho, Okwuokenye Goddey ; Oghenefejiro, Joe-James Uduak (2020) - The following recommendations are necessary to add values to household backyard farming: Since married females dominate household backyard farming, there should be attempts to convince the household occupants who are youth to partake in backyard farming. Improved varieties and type of backyard farm Result in Table 2 showed a profile of backyard farming enterprises such that improved varieties, stocks, and types of backyard farming ranked hierarchically as follows: vegetable growing Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10(1)2020: 160-170 165 (88.75%), cassava cropping (76.25%), yam cropping (67.50%), maize cropping (52.50%), plantain cropping (46.25%), poultry farming (41.25%), okra cropping (27.50%), potato farming (22.50%), aquaculture (17.50%), piggery (13.75%), goat keeping (10.00%), snail farming (5.00%) and rabbitry (2.50%). Keywords: backyard; cropping; development; extension; farmers; farming; food; household; journal; nigeria; study
• Analysis of Policy Interventions in Agriculture and ICT Based Mechanistic Approach towards Sustainability: An Indian Perspective by Balkrishna , Acharya ; Mittal , Rashmi ; Kumar, Ashwani ; Singh , Deepti ; Arya , Vedpriya (2020) - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10(1)2020: 194-213 197 3. GOVERNMENT SCHEMES AND POLICIES FOR THE WELFARE OF FARMERS Farmers are enormously smashed due to norms and regulations imposed by the domestic market and export trade restrictions, which collectively lead to forceful imposition of producer prices that are below the market value of their products. Conclusively it can be said that the collapse of public institutions and the failure of agriculture policies that are running from several decades in accomplishing the needs of farmers have caught Indian farmers in crisis. Keywords: agriculture; asian; development; farmers; food; government; https://agricoop.nic.in/; https://agricoop.nic.in/ https://agricoop.nic.in/; india; journal; ministry; national; production; schemes; usd; welfare
• Hunger Project Credit Facility and Maize Productivity in Ghana by Asante, Isaac Tweneboah ; Dziwornu, Raymond K; Awunyo-Vitor, Dadson (2020) - Thus, the productivity of maize farmers in Ghana is therefore low. A preliminary study before the introduction of the credit programme indicated that maize farmers were producing far below the optimum yield of 2.0 t/ha due to lack of credit facilities, access to fertilizer and other agro-inputs as well as frequent access to information on improved farming methods (THPG, 2013). Keywords: access; agriculture; credit; credit programme; development; farmers; ghana; hunger; income; increase; journal; maize; non; participants; participation; productivity; programme; project; project credit; variable
• Exploring Heterogeneity in Shrimp Farmers’ Preferences for the Contracts of Producing Certified Organic Shrimp by Tran, Duyen Thi Thu ; Takahashi , Yoshifumi; Nomura, Hisako; Yabe, Mitsuyasu (2020) - In Ca Mau, certified organic shrimp farmers received premium after selling their shrimp from three to four months because of the delay in exporting shrimp to Europe and late payment of downstream actors in the chain (Ha et al., 2012). Being certified as organic shrimp farmers, they can receive a premium price for their products. Keywords: company; contract; delay; et al; farmers; preferences; premium; provision; quality; seed; shrimp; wta
• The Causal Impact of Government Support on the Small Strategic Crop Industry: Malaysia’s Experience by Othman, Kamarudin ; Omar, Hapiza ; Fuad, Hanani Ahmad ; Laidin, Jamilah ; Ramli, Irlisuhayu Mohd (2020) - The outcome of this study demonstrates the presence of long-run causality between paddy production with fertiliser subsidy and paddy price with respect to paddy yield. Although fertiliser subsidy and paddy prices are significant with paddy yield, the relationship between paddy price and paddy yield is negative. Keywords: causality; farmers; fertilisers; paddy; paddy yield; price; production; run; subsidy; variables; yield; 𝑖−1
• Purchasing Power of Farmers - Challenges and Opportunities in Indian Agriculture by Pabalkar, Vanishree ; Morey, Rashmy ; Rai, Shivanand (2020) - The study indicates that there is abundant scope to improve the agriculture and financial condition of farmers in the entire country. The primary input for the study has been collected by an informal interview with focus groups of various populations of farmers, retailers, distributors, opinion leaders, and government officials to find out the status of agriculture and financial conditions of farmers. Keywords: agriculture; asian; development; farmers; food; government; india; irrigation; journal; nourishment; percent; procurement; state
• Contractual Agriculture: Better Partnerships between Small Farmers and the Business Sector in the Sultanate of Oman by Al Ruqishi, Badria Hamed ; Gibreel , Tarig ; Akaichi, Faical ; Zaibet, Lokman ; Zekri , Slim (2020) - Contract farming models depend on four main components which are the type of contractor, the type of product, the intensity of vertical integration, and the involved stakeholder’s number (Bijman, 2008). To accomplish this, a discrete choice experiment was adopted to elicit farmers' preferences towards different contract models. Keywords: agriculture; choice; class; contract; development; farmers; farming; firm; journal; land; market; model; preferences; price; quality; variable
• Trends in Profitability amidst Production Constraints Encountered by Smallholder Mango Growers - A Case of India by Mehjabeen; Durai, A Saravana (2020) - Yeldur block in the sub-district holds the second position with an average depth of the bore-well as 1013.91 feet among the respondents and 23 i.e.38.33% of respondents out of 60 are in irrigated conditions and 37 i.e. 61.67% are in rain-fed conditions. Increasing the use of chemical fertilizer and less irrigation could be the reason behind it.53.43% of respondents agreed that they lack knowledge about pests and diseases (Table 1). Keywords: agriculture; bore; chemical; district; farmers; fertilizer; india; mango; respondents; sub; use
• Economic Analysis of High-Density Apple Plantation Scheme in Jammu and Kashmir by Hassan, Bakhtaver ; Bhattacharjee, Mahua ; Wani, Shabir A (2020) - Although higher densities are capital-intensive upfront the benefit-cost ratio in the long-term is very high (Cahn and Goedegebure, 1992). High density Keywords: cost; density; farmers; hectare; jammu; kashmir; net; orchards; trees; year; yield
• Farmers’ Attitude and Behavior toward Savings in Ika South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria by Isiorhovoja , Rodney Akpoviri ; Ebewore , Solomon Okeoghene; Nwachi, Salome (2020) - Contribution/ Originality The paper identified the causes of low savings among rural farmers in Delta State, Nigeria. Also, that the banking sector should be more customers oriented with particular attention to the needs of rural farmers. Keywords: agriculture; attitude; bank; development; education; factors; farmers; farming; income; journal; nigeria; save; saving; state
• Econometric Analysis of Acceptance of Soil and Water Conservation Techniques in the Semiarid Region of Zaghouan (North-East Tunisia) by Gara, Anissa ; Hammami, Mohamed ; Hammami, Sofiene ; Aounallah, Mohamed Karim; Elmouaddab, Rabeb ; Nahdi, Mariem ; Laajili-Ghezal, Lamia (2020) - Figure 1: The geographical location of the Oued Sbaihia watershed at the governorate of Zaghouen, Tunisia A visit of the whole Oued Sbaihya watershed was necessary to identify the two groups of farmers: 1) farmers who accept to adopt soil conservation techniques and maintain them 2) farmers who are reluctant towards these techniques. Tenure insecurity and investment in soil conservation. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; conservation; cts; farmers; land; soil; techniques; tunisia; variables; water
• Does Digital Marketing Enhance Rural Agricultural Transformation in Nigeria? An Empirical Investigation by Ogbeide-Osaretin , Evelyn Nwamaka ; Ebhote, Oseremen (2020) - Does digital marketing enhance rural agricultural transformation in Nigeria? Therefore, a gap exists in the research in this area of rural agricultural transformation through online marketing strategies in Nigeria. Keywords: agriculture; areas; development; farmers; information; internet; journal; marketing; mobile; nigeria; production; sector; study; technology; transformation; use
• Management of Cocoa Black Pod Disease by Farmers in Edo State, Nigeria: The Role of Farmer Field School by Okeoghene , Ebewore Solomon (2020) - The study showed that FFS extension approach had led to the improved knowledge of cocoa farmers in managing black pod disease. Thus FFS training was recommended to be extended to other farmers besides cocoa farmers. Keywords: cocoa; control; disease; farmers; ffs; field; journal; knowledge; management; pod; pod disease; state; training
• Socio-Economic Status and Level of Biosecurity Practice of Catfish Farmers in Delta North Agricultural Zone, Delta State, Nigeria by Nwabueze, Agatha Arimiche ; Ofuoku, Albert Ukaro (2020) - Interview and visits to fish farms Primary data for the study was obtained from fish farmers using a structured questionnaire. The farmers' expression on biosecurity variables were dichotomous because fish farmers were to answer whether or not they practiced biosecurity measures in their fish farms. Keywords: area; biosecurity; catfish; delta; farmers; fish; journal; level; nigeria; practice; study; variables
• Land Management for Agricultural Entrepreneurship Development: Farmers’ Perspective from Udayapur, Nepal by Rai , Ashish; Devkota , Niranjan; Bhandari, Udbodh; Paudel, Udaya Raj (2020) - Furthermore, one of every three people in the world, in some way or others, being affected by degradation of land irreversibly (FAO, 2010) and various factors like drought and population growth are responsible for the change in agricultural land (Long et al., 2007; Seto et al., 2002; Wood et al., 2004) which have made the importance of natural resources and agriculture management in the hope of significant return (Wolka, 2014). Due to the lack of state policy, in many places of Nepal, lands are found being left barren and development works along with growing urbanization have caused to affect agricultural lands to a greater extent (Dhakal and Khanal, 2018). Keywords: agriculture; asian; change; development; entrepreneurship; farmers; journal; land; land management; management; nepal; policy; respondents; study; use
• Characterization of Bank Lending Requirements for Farmers in Zimbabwe by Ropafadzo, Chigunhah Blessing ; Ezekia, Svotwa ; Gerald, Munyoro ; Joseph, Mabvure Tendai; Ignatius, Govere (2020) - The effect of credit assessment process on repayment of bank loans in commercial banks in Kenya. Characterization of bank lending requirements for farmers in Zimbabwe. Keywords: access; agriculture; banks; business; collateral; credit; development; farmers; journal; lending; loan; repayment; requirement; rii; study; table; zimbabwe
• The Effects of Climate Change on Rural Livestock Farming: Evidence from Limpopo Province, South Africa by Maluleke, Witness ; Tshabalala , Ntwanano Patrick; Barkhuizen , Jaco (2020) - Corresponding author ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 17-Mar-2020 Accepted: 29-Jul-2020 Online Available: 01-Sep- 2020 Keywords: Climate change, Effects, Limpopo Province, Rural livestock farming, South Africa ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to identify the perceptions of the conspicuous rural livestock farmers as well as the officials from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) on the effects of climate change on rural livestock farming practices. Correspondingly, heavy rainfalls and floods, forest fires and the spread of new diseases are widely documented worldwide as climate change effects. Keywords: africa; agriculture; areas; climate change; development; effects; farmers; farming; food; journal; limpopo; livestock; practices; production; province; south; study; water
• Technical Efficiency among Pepper Farmers in Sarawak, Malaysia: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis by Rosli, Anita ; Radam, Alias ; Rahim, Khalid Abdul ; Abdullah, Amin Mahir (2020) - The mean technical efficiency was 0.518 indicating that, on average, pepper farmers are able to produce only 52% of pepper production using available inputs and current technology. The mean score for technical efficiency was 0.518, indicating that pepper farmers were not efficient. Keywords: agricultural; cobb; douglas; efficiency; farmers; farming; farms; frontier; function; level; model; pepper; pepper farmers; production; sarawak; translog
• Transitioning to Organic Rice Farming in Thailand: Drivers and Factors by Seerasarn, Nareerut; Miller, Servel A; Wanaset, Apinya (2020) - Whilst organic rice farmers appear to be influenced by friends and concern for the environment, it is the visit and support provided by extension officers that gives them the confidence to share good practices and encourages them to contribute most to starting and continuing organic rice farming. This research focuses on determining the drivers and factors that influence conversion to organic rice farming to better inform local and national policies. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; development; extension; factors; farmers; farming; government; organic; research; rice; rice farming; thailand
• Economic Analysis of Potato Seed in West Java, Indonesia by Ginandjar, Salamet ; Rahmadi, Agung ; Abdulhakim, Muhammad Tsani ; Subandi, M (2020) - Margaret, Maliro, Demo, and Njoloma (2012) show that the production of potato seeds under conventional systems has not been effective in avoiding or reducing pathogen build-up and has consequently led to reduction in the quality of potato seed and low crop yields. This study examines the economics of potato seed at the level of breeder farmers, seed institutions, and farmers using potato seeds, and it was expected that this research would identify the factors that influence the demand and supply of potato seed so that eventually it is expected that a demand model and the availability of potato seed in West Java can be established. Keywords: capital; demand; development; factor; farmers; java; level; potato; potato seed; production; quality; research; seed; supply; west
• Analysis of the Problems and Minimization Initiatives Addressed by Bangladeshi Farmers During the Covid-19 Pandemic by Md Sekender Ali; Siddik, Md. Saeed; Nur-E-Alam, Sk Md; Khanam, Tayeba; Khatun, Most Moriom (2020) - Twenty-six initiatives were introduced and adopted by different organizations in Bangladesh to minimize agricultural problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, it also proposes potential ways forward to minimize agricultural problems arising from the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Keywords: agricultural; bangladesh; covid-19; development; farmers; journal; pandemic; problems; respondents
• Challenges of Arabica Coffee Marketing: A Case Study in Kerinci Regency, Indonesia by Kaido, Boris ; Takashino, Nina; Fuyuki, Katsuhito (2021) - 72 3 Kerinci Regency is the largest producer of Arabica coffee in Jambi Province, accounting for approximately 67% of Arabica coffee production. Further, other Indonesian regions could adopt Arabica coffee for rural development. Keywords: arabica; arabica coffee; challenges; coffee; cooperative; development; export; farmers; journal; kerinci; marketing; quality; regency
• Farmers Markets: An Analysis of the Determinants of Consumers Attitudes and Behavior by Solanki, Sandip; Inumula, Krishna Murthy (2021) - An evaluation of the economic impacts of Oklahoma farmers markets. An analysis of consumers' views and preferences regarding farmer to consumer direct markets in delaware. Keywords: analysis; cluster; consumers; factors; farmers; food; journal; markets; produce; respondents; rural; study
• Nematode Attacks and their Influence on Farming Economics by M.Z, Rosmiza ; Samion, Muhammad Zaim; Zainal, Milah ; Rosmi, Mohd Nor Mohd (2021) - Most respondents knew that there are four types of nematode that often attack rice crops: leaf nematode, root knot nematode, lesion nematode, and rice root nematode. The majority of farmers had knowledge of the symptoms resulting from attack by rice root nematodes. Keywords: agriculture; attacks; crops; farmers; nematode; plant; quality; rice; root; study; symptoms; yield
• The Practice of Imidazolinone-Resistant Rice Production in the Irrigated Rice Fields of Kg Sungai Leman by A.K, Engku; M, Norida; D, Omar; N, Asib ; S, Yusof ; A. B, Halimatunsadiah (2021) - The study consisted of personal interviews with rice farmers who planted imidazolinone-resistant rice in Kampung Sungai Leman, Sekinchan, Selangor. A total of 89.57% of the farmers were primarily rice farmers while the remainder were farmers with jobs in the private (7.82%) or government sector (1.74%), as well as one pensioner (0.87%). Keywords: agriculture; control; farmers; herbicide; imidazolinone; irps; rice; system; weeds
• Enhancing Market Orientation of Cocoa Farmers through Farmer Business Schools: The Ghana Cocobod Experience by Tham-Agyekum, Enoch Kwame ; Okorley, Ernest Laryea ; Kwarteng, Joseph; Bakang, John-Eudes Andivi ; Nimoh, Fred (2021) - Contribution/Originality: This novel study investigated how the market orientation of cocoa farmers in Ghana can be enhanced through the Farmer Business School. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Volume 11, Issue 1 (2021): 129-138. http://www.aessweb.com/journals/5005 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1657-1409 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-7446 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6576-5678 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4980-075X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9684-8393 mailto:ektagyekum@knust.edu.gh http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.111.129.138 http://www.aessweb.com/journals/5005 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 11(1)2021: 129-138 130 The Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana (CRIG) had reported that only 3% of cocoa farmers in Ghana had adopted the full range of CRIG-recommended production technologies, leading to yield and production levels below potential (CRIG, 2010). Keywords: business; cocoa; cocoa farmers; farmers; fbs; ghana; intelligence; lbcs; market; mean; non; orientation; participants
• Factors Influencing Smallholder Farmers Mechanization Decisions in Nigeria: The Case of Tractor Use in the Fourth Industrial Revolution ERA by Onomu, Achoja Roland ; Aliber, Michael (2021) - Tractor use by smallholder farmers in Nigeria and other African countries is low compared to that in Asia (Takeshima., 2017). Specifically, it determined the current level of mechanization (tractor use) in the farming system, estimated the contributions of tractor use among smallholder farmers, and determined the factors influencing smallholder farmers’ tractor use decisions in the study area. Keywords: agriculture; area; farmers; farming; household; labor; nigeria; smallholder; study; tractor; tractor use; use
• The Role of Agricultural Extension in Diffusion and Adoption of Biological Control Methods for Tomato Growers in Villages of Matrouh Governorate by Mohamed, Abdu Omran; Kamel, Fekry Kamal ; Allam, Yousria Ahmed; Mohamed, Ismail Abdel-Malik (2021) - Dependent Variables The degree to which agricultural extension activities act in diffusionand adoption of biological control methods among tomato growers was measured using a scale that defines the role of agricultural extension in five dimensions using the following activities: 1a. Determine the degree to which agricultural extension provides knowledge to farmers about biological control methods and how to use them properly The results in Table 3 show a decrease in the degree of providing knowledge about the methods of biological control from agricultural extension' activities to tomato growers, where the average of all biological control methods is 1.64 and the percentage41%. Keywords: average; control methods; downloads; egy; extension; farmers; file:///c:/users; level; role; tomato; tomato growers
• Technical Efficiency and the Factors that Affect it in Rice Production in Indonesia by Muhardi; Effendy (2021) - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 11(3)2021: 230-235 233 Figure 1 shows that the level of technical efficiency of organic lowland rice farmers was higher than that of inorganic lowland rice farmers. The level of technical efficiency of organic lowland rice farmers ranged from 0.6 to 0.99, and for inorganic lowland rice farmers from 0.3 to 0.99. Keywords: cultivation; efficiency; farmers; increase; level; lowland; lowland rice; organic; production; rice
• Organic Agriculture: Farmers Perception and Adaptation in Northern Thailand by Jiumpanyarach, Waripas (2021) - Farmers’ decision making toward organic agriculture adaption were focused on: (1) attitudes toward organic farming behavior refer to positive attitudes towards organic agriculture behavior and intend to perform organic agriculture showed that the attitudes of farmers had a mean score of 2.2864 for conventional products, 2.1337 for satisfaction with organic standards, 2.421 for cost of organic storage, 2.1863 for additional costs of delivery of organic and conventional products, and 2.2793 for organic products. The attitudes of organic farmers and consumers were studied: in particular, the factors influencing farmers to adopt organic farming, use of an ordered probit regression, and factors influencing attitudes toward organic farming – knowledge, experience, education, informational occupational effects, and individual aspects (Wheeler, 2008). Keywords: agriculture; attitudes; behavior; costs; decision; farmers; farming; knowledge; markets; practices; production; products
• Factors Affecting Farm Performance among Small-Scale Farmers in the Volcanic Highlands of Rwanda: What is the Role of Institutions? by Maniriho, Aristide ; Musabanganji, Edouard ; Lebailly, Philippe (2021) - The inverse effect of farmer’s gender on farm income entails simply the significant difference of net farm income between male and female farmers. In Section 2, different research works explain how institutions (extension schemes, rural organizations, farm output markets, financial markets, and land tenure) impact on the rural and agricultural sectors. Keywords: access; credit; crop; development; effect; farm; farm income; farmers; income; institutions; land; output; rwanda
• The Effects of Improved Cassava Variety Adoption on Farmers’ Technical Efficiency in Indonesia by Syafrial; Toiba, Hery ; Rahman, Moh Shadiqur; Retnoningsih, Dwi (2021) - Second, it comprehensively estimates the technical efficiency of cassava farmers in Indonesia, the world’s third-largest cassava exporter. The respondents of this study were cassava farmers who had adopted NICV and those who had not. Keywords: access; adopter; adoption; cassava; efficiency; farmers; fertilizers; food; labor; nicv; production; score; study; varieties
• A Pragmatic Study for Enhancing Agricultural Efficiency through Labor Freedom by Kapoor, Rajni ; Das, Nimai (2021) - This enables landlords to engage farm labor during the peak season for attaining optimal employment at an efficient wage rate. Likewise, the study of Eswaran and Kotwal (1985) mentioned that labor wage contracts were required to confirm the supply of farm labor for completing agricultural works. Keywords: agricultural; allocative; development; efficiency; employment; farm; farmers; freedom; journal; labor; labor freedom; land; medium; migration; reform; study; wage
• Effects of Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption on Performance of Rice Farmers in Northeast Vietnam by Ha, Tuan M; Bac, Ho Van (2021) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 291 EFFECTS OF CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE ADOPTION ON PERFORMANCE OF RICE FARMERS IN NORTHEAST VIETNAM Tuan M. Haa Ho Van Bacb aDoctor in Business (Management), Hi-tech Agriculture & Forestry R&D Center (HACEN), Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Group 10, Quyet Thang Commune, Thai Nguyen city, Vietnam. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the impacts of CSA adoption on major economic indicators for rice farmers. Keywords: adopters; adoption; agriculture; change; climate; csa; economic; farmers; impacts; journal; matching; practices; production; rice; study; vietnam
• Farmers’ Use of Social Media and its Implications for Agricultural Extension: Evidence from Thailand by Kanjina, Sukit (2021) - To fully harness the potentials of social media for agricultural extension, more farmers need to be encouraged to use them, while relevant agencies also are required to provide support for this effort, such as staff training in social media use, and enabling a social media policy. Social media are viewed as having potential for agricultural extension. Keywords: agricultural; applications; development; education; extension; facebook; farmers; information; journal; media; respondents; thailand; use
• Farmers’ Capacity and Rice Productivity in Climate Change Adaptation in Central Lampung Regency, Indonesia by Listiana, Indah ; Nurmayasari, Indah ; Bursan, Rinaldi; Sukmayanto, Muher ; Yanfika, Helvi; Widyastuti, R A D (2021) - Climate change is an extreme natural change condition due to global warming that cannot be avoided, and will have a broad impact on various aspects of life, including the agricultural sector. The impact of climate change that occurs in the agricultural sector, namely flood and drought that cause plants to crop failure , is becoming greater, causing significant reduction in agricultural production, especially rice, requiring that farmers have the ability to adapt to climate change. Keywords: adaptation; attitude; capacity; climate change; extension; farmers; knowledge; level; low; productivity; rice
• Identification of Adaptive Capacity Assessments to Improve Collective Adaptation of Farmers to Climate Change by Wulansari, Ica; Abdoellah, Oekan S; Gunawan, Budhi ; Parikesit (2021) - Formal institutions that preserve collective adaptive mechanisms can build farmer adaptation based on the findings of this study. Although farmers' access to knowledge was limited, two forms of knowledge enrichment, from Farmer Field Schools and Science Field Shops, had succeeded in building the planning capacity of farmer communities in facing climate change (Van Den Berg et al., 2020). Keywords: access; adaptation; capacity; capital; change; climate; climate change; farmers; information; knowledge; planting; study; village
• What are the Consequences of Livelihood Diversification, and what Solutions are Suggested? Findings from Tamil Nadu, India by E, Sathyapriya; Vengateswari, M; Priya, R Raja ; Jacob, Reeba ; M, Asokhan (2022) - This might be due to the fact that the majority of nonirrigated respondents were in the old age group compared to irrigated respondents and, among irrigated respondents, an almost equal percentage belonged to the old and middle-aged groups. On the whole it will be noted that a greater number of irrigated respondents had a favorable attitude towards farm diversification than nonirrigated respondents, due to availability of irrigation and the high land value of wetland. Keywords: agricultural; development; diversification; farm; farmers; farming; income; level; livelihood; respondents; study; table
• Assessment of Turkey Farming Management Practices by Small-Scale Rural Farmers in Eastern Nigeria by Ethelbert, Oyeagu Chika ; Chinasa, Iwuchukwu Juliana; Bamidele, Falowo Andrew; Amaka, Akuru Eunice ; Tomiwa, Adetunji Adewole ; Bayo, Lewu Francis ; Hosu, Yiseyon Sunday ; Monday, Idamokoro Emrobowansan (2022) - Owing to these obvious advantages of turkey production, large number of farmers, both men and women, have ventured into turkey production mostly for income generation, besides meeting the protein needs of their households. Conversely, the potential of turkey production in the area if properly harnessed will increase farmer’s income and improve household food and nutrition security, thereby improving their livelihood. Keywords: area; development; extension; farmers; information; journal; management; nigeria; poultry; practices; production; respondents; state; study; turkey; turkey farmers; turkey production
• Vertical and Horizontal Coordination in Developing Countries’ Agriculture: Evidence from Vietnam and Implications by Khong, Tien Dung (2022) - Analysis of rice value chain in Can Tho city. Rice value chain analysis in the Mekong Delta. Keywords: analysis; chain; channel; companies; cooperatives; coordination; farmers; food; food companies; horizontal; production; rice; traders; value; value chain; vertical
• Understanding Market Behavior on Corn Commodity: Phenomenon at Year End by Darma, Surya ; Hakim, Yundi Permadi ; A, Erwin Kurniawan; Darma, Dio Caisar ; Suparjo, Suparjo (2022) - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 12(2), 53-64. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 12(2)2022: 53-64 56 Figure 3. Keywords: agriculture; corn; darma; demand; development; economics; factors; farmers; food; journal; market; price; production; samarinda; supply; theory; year
• Factors Driving the Adoption of Coping Strategies to Market Risks of Shrimp Farmers: A Case Study in a Coastal Province of Vietnam by Phan, Nguyen Thai ; Pabuayon, Isabelita M; Kien, Nguyen Duc ; Dung, Truong Quang; An, Le Thanh ; Dinh, Nguyen Cong (2022) - Risk management is critical for minimizing the consequences of shrimp production risks, particularly for shrimp farmers in coastal provinces (Girdžiūtė, 2012). Shrimp farmers in Vietnam respond passively to market risks, such as input and output price shocks. Keywords: farmers; journal; management; management strategies; market; output; price; production; risk; risk management; shrimp; shrimp farmers; strategies
• Trust and Communication Influence on Farm Performance for Paddy Farmers: A Study in Bangladesh by F, Iris; NM, Nawi; N, Man; NN, Ramli; MT, Uddin (2022) - Farmers’ Demographic Profiles Table 2 exhibits the demographic profiles and farmers’ exchange relationships with their preferred buyers. Sampling and Data Analysis Techniques The Mymensingh district in Bangladesh was purposively selected for data collection as this district is famous for its vast paddy production area and abundance of paddy farmers. Keywords: agriculture; bangladesh; business; communication; farmers; journal; marketing; paddy; performance; relationship; study; trust; years
• Adoption of a Leucaena-based Cattle Fattening System in the Dompu District of Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia by A, Muktasam ; Dahlanuddin; Putra, Ryan A ; Sriasih, Made ; Fauzi, M Taufik ; Tanaya, IGL Parta ; Back, Penny J ; Hickson, Rebecca ; Pomroy, William E ; Reid, Janet I; Anderson, Christopher W N ; Morris, Stephen T (2022) - Cattle fattening using Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as the source or the main component of the cattle’s diets is one of the proven innovations that can provide financial benefit to cattle farmers. Through the IFSCA project, farmers and farmer groups received support, such as Leucaena seeds, pen construction, three-wheel vehicles and technical assistance. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; cattle; diffusion; farmer groups; farmers; fattening; groups; indonesia; land; leucaena; production; project; region
• Multifunctionality of Integrated Plantation Polyculture Farming in Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java, Indonesia by Nuryati, Rina ; Sulistyowati, Lies ; Setiawan, Iwan ; Noor, Trisna Insan ; Faqihuddin; Bunda, Cici Aulia Permata (2022) - This shows that IPPF dryland farmers in Tasikmalaya Regency are more prosperous than dry land farmers in Tanggamus Regency even though both are categorized as prosperous. Model of participation of dry land farmers in land conservation. Keywords: activities; agriculture; development; dryland; erosion; farmers; farming; fhier; food; function; income; ippf; journal; land; livestock; plants; production; research; soil; use; water
• Economic Sustainability of Geographical Indication Indigenous Rice: The Case of Khao Sangyod Muang Phatthalung, Thailand by Petruang, Natjaree; Napasintuwong, Orachos (2022) - This suggests that the registration of GI Sangyod rice is beneficial to all farmers in the geographical indicated area. The results show that, on average, Sangyod rice farmers have a profit efficiency score of 68, implying that they can still improve their profit by 32%. Keywords: agricultural; area; economic; efficiency; farmers; phatthalung; production; profit; rice; sangyod; thailand; usd; variable
• Functionality of Extension Activities among Rice Farmers’ Cooperatives in Delta State, Nigeria by O, Okpara; CN, Atoma; AU, Doroh; OJ, Ovharhe (2022) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 113 FUNCTIONALITY OF EXTENSION ACTIVITIES AMONG RICE FARMERS’ Only 1.8 million hectares (37%) of the 4.9 million hectares of Nigeria's total land mass of 120 million hectares is cropped by rice farmers. Keywords: activities; constraints; cooperative; delta; development; extension; farmers; journal; management; nigeria; rice; state
• Characterization of Small-Scale Farming as an Engine of Agricultural Development in Mountainous South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo by Munyakazi, Fidele Mulumeoderhwa ; Maniriho, Aristide ; Ciza, Angelique Neema ; Iyoto, Erick Banza; Lukeba, Fabrice Nfuamba ; Ngerizabona, Stany Vwima ; Mirindi, Germaine Furaha ; Namegabe, Jean-Luc Mastaki ; Lebailly, Philippe (2022) - It is important to note that the types of farmers’ associations mostly formed in the region of mountainous Kivu South are mainly Village Savings and Credit Associations (VSCAs), Mutual Solidarity Organisations (MUSOs) initiated mostly by local NGOs, or other rural Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 12(2)2022: 123-129 126 organisations created by farmers themselves to help each other. Table 4 shows the combination of crop farming and livestock, as well as the modes of land tenure across production systems in mountainous Kivu South. Keywords: agriculture; development; family; farmers; farming; food; kivu; land; production; scale; size; south; south kivu; system
• Agricultural Land Conversion and Human Trafficking in Northern Java Island, Indonesia by Rochadi, Af Sigit ; Sadiyatunnimah, Siti ; Salim, Kamaruddin (2022) - In contrast with the families of labor trafficking victims, families of sex trafficking victims do not know the nature of their children's work. The experiences of all 27 informants were consistent with the definition; 16 were victims of labor trafficking, and 11 were victims of sex trafficking. Keywords: agriculture; brokers; conversion; countries; farmers; indonesia; journal; labor; land; migrant; sector; sex; studies; study; trafficking; victims; workers
• Factors Affecting the Acceptance of Dairy Farming Standards by Modernized Farmers for Agricultural Extension in Thailand by Rapankum, Narawut ; Hanmontree, Rueangrit ; Srilapat, Chanoknan ; Niljinda, Kanjanaporn ; Chaisombut, Phornphat (2022) - In addition, the government encourages dairy farmers to become “Smart Farmers” to increase the efficiency of raw milk production, targeting an increase in small dairy farmers’ incomes to at least 180,000 baht per person per year. The government also motivates dairy farmers to adhere to the standards by increasing the price of raw milk based on its quality. Keywords: agriculture; dairy; dairy farmers; dairy farming; dfs; factors; farmers; farming; farms; journal; labor; milk; production; standards
• Do Livelihood Capitals Improve Food Security among Smallholder Farmers? Evidence from Horticulture Farmers in East Java, Indonesia by Syafrial, Syafrial ; Toiba, Hery ; Retnoningsih, Dwi ; Purwanti, Tina Sri ; Rahman, Moh Shadiqur (2022) - To enhance smallholder farmers’ food security, international studies have investigated factors associated with household food security. To estimate household food security, this study used two indicators: household food expenditure and food consumption score (FCS). Keywords: access; capital; expenditure; farmers; financial; food; food expenditure; food security; household; household food; livelihood; market; social; study
• Mango Growers’ Compliance with Public Good Agricultural Practices Standard: A Comparative Study in Northern Thailand by Amekawa, Yuichiro ; Tiyayon, Chantalak ; Treewannakul, Panamas ; Sawarng, Nootchakarn (2022) - The proportion of mango farmers with experience was as high as nearly 90% in both sites. A majority of uncertified mango farmers are not GAP-certified because they either do not have sufficient experience in mango cultivation (i.e., three years or less) or adequate produce quality to be purchased by exporters. Keywords: agriculture; chiang; chiang mai; farmers; gap; mai; mango; pesticide; phitsanulok; safety; use; yes
• Analysis of Garlic Farmers' Welfare in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia by Heryanda, Komang Krisna ; Utama, Made Suyana ; Yuliarmi, Ni Nyoman ; Purbadhamaja, Ida Bagus Putu (2022) - Farmer institutions Farming performance Government role Information technology adoption. This study investigated the roles of the government, farmer institutions, and farmer competencies in garlic farmers' ability to adopt IT, their farming performance, and overall welfare in Buleleng Regency. Keywords: ability; agriculture; buleleng; development; farmers; farming; garlic; government; institutions; performance; production; role; technology; welfare
• Determinants of Farmers’ Willingness to Cultivate Moringa Oleifera: The Case of Dipaculao, Aurora, Philippines by Velasco, Charles R; Canada, Maria Cristina B (2022) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 279 DETERMINANTS OF FARMERS’ WILLINGNESS TO CULTIVATE MORINGA OLEIFERA: THE CASE OF DIPACULAO, AURORA, PHILIPPINES Charles R. Velascoa Maria Cristina B. Canadab a,bAurora State College of Technology Zabali, Baler, Aurora, Philippines. Data were gathered from farmers in Dipaculao, Aurora, using a self-made questionnaire and were processed and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 23. Keywords: agriculture; crops; cultivation; farmers; moringa; oleifera; philippines; study; table; willingness
• Rice: Seed Systems, Production Characteristics, and Fungal Infections of Stored Grains in Major Production Zones of Liberia by Dorley, Ousman Sarlia ; Ochuodho, Julius Onyango ; Auma, Elmada Odeny ; Were, Javan Omondi ; Mutio, James Mumo (2022) - What is their average land put under rice seed production? Mixed structured questions were developed to assess farmers' seed quality status, seed fungal contamination, source of rice seeds, storage conditions, and utilization of fungus-infected grains. Keywords: agriculture; counties; county; development; farmers; fgds; grains; journal; liberia; production; rice; seed; systems; yield
• Determinants of System of Rice Intensification Adoption and its Impacts on Rice Yield in the Upland Region of Central Vietnam by Nguyen, Hang Thi Thuy ; Hung, Pham Xuan (2022) - Our study employed the logit model to identify the determinants of SRI adoption and found that the age of respondents had a significant and negative effect on the adoption of SRI. Our study makes a significant contribution to the literature by analyzing the factors influencing SRI adoption in rice production. Keywords: adopters; adoption; district; factors; farmers; household; journal; nam; production; rice; sri; technology
• Technology gap ratio decomposition in sugarcane farming in Indonesia by AR, Nuhfil Hanani ; Asmara, Rosihan ; Fahriyah, Fahriyah (2023) - Extensive research has been conducted on sugarcane farming efficiency, covering different developing countries; however, these studies have only measured the technical efficiency of sugarcane farming (Carrer et al., 2022; Francis et al., 2020), compared efficiency levels based on cultivation techniques (Widyawati, 2020), and identified the factors affecting technical efficiency levels (Ali & Jan, 2017; Ambetsa et al., 2020). 𝑋, 𝑦) 𝜖 𝑇𝐾} (9) 𝐷𝐾(𝑋, 𝑦) = 𝑖𝑛𝑓𝜃 {𝜃 > 0; (𝑋) 𝜖 𝑃𝐾(𝑋)} (10) Suppose group technical efficiency (GTE) and technical meta efficiency (TME) denote the technical efficiency of the meta frontier, and (meta-TE) denotes technical efficiency in each region (group frontier) or region-TE (Figure 1). Keywords: average; efficiency; farmers; frontier; meta; production; regency; sugarcane; technical; value
• Determinants of smartphone adoption and its benefits to the financial performance of agricultural households: Evidence from Hoa Binh province, Vietnam by Do, Quan Duc ; Nguyen, The Kien ; Tran, Tung Thanh ; Truong, Thanh Bao ; Do, Nga Thi ; Hoang, Lam Khanh (2023) - Using the PLS-SEM method, the results showed that gender had no impact on household smartphone adoption in agricultural production, while education, farm size, farm diversification, and farm location each had a positive effect on smartphone adoption. 8 Determinants of smartphone adoption and its benefits to the financial performance of agricultural households: Evidence from Hoa Binh province, Vietnam Quan Duc Doa The Kien Nguyenb Tung Thanh Tranc Thanh Bao Truongd Keywords: adoption; agriculture; education; farm; farmers; information; journal; mobile; production; smartphone; smartphone adoption; technology; use; vietnam
• The influence of farmers' business behavior in achieving success with integrated paddy and beef cattle agricultural systems in Indonesia by Rahayu, Dewi Ning ; Purnomo, Sutrisno Hadi ; Sutrisno, Joko (2023) - Composition of factors affecting farmer business behavior and business performance. The indicators of business behavior factors are presented in Table 3. Keywords: beef; behavior; business; business behavior; business performance; cattle; effect; factors; farmers; farming; fit; individual; journal; performance; system
• A Need for Paradigm Shift to Improve Supply Chain Management of Fruits & Vegetables in India by Halder, Piali ; Pati , Simayan (2011) - Indian food supply chain is full of challenges and throws open several questions which has drawn attention of contemporary researchers. This study delineates the effect of emerging technologies on Indian food supply chain and describes the benefits of information technology to the supply chain partners (ITC and farmers). Keywords: agriculture; business; chain; development; farmers; food; hub; india; information; management; market; marketing; need; products; retail; retailers; sector; stores; supply; supply chain; transport; vegetables
• Agricultural Use of Untreated Urban Wastewater in Pakistan by Khalil, Samina ; Kakar, Mehmood Khan (2011) - The impact of wastewater irrigation on household income was considerable as wastewater farmers earned approximately US$300/annum more than farmers using freshwater. Both case studies showed the importance of wastewater irrigation on local livelihoods. Keywords: farmers; irrigation; pakistan; peri; quetta; soil; use; wastewater
• Agricultural financing and economic performance in the Obudu local government area of cross River State, Nigeria by Ndem, Bassey Enya ; Walter, Mboto Helen ; Ovat, Okey Oyama ; Henry, James Tumba ; Peter, Lebo Monica (2023) - Simple percentages analysis of the relationship between agricultural credit schemes and agricultural sector growth. Bar graph showing responses on the relationship between agricultural credit schemes and agricultural sector growth. Keywords: agriculture; credit; development; farmers; finance; financing; growth; nigeria; obudu; performance; respondents; sector; study
• The plight of the onion industry in the onion capital of the Philippines: Basis for intervention strategies by Domingo, Arjhel (2023) - Significant problems faced by onion farmers included the rising cost of farm inputs because they are imported, which could greatly affect net returns. Aside from describing the problems encountered by onion farmers in the locality, this study offers intervention strategies that various concerned agencies and institutions could employ to improve the status of the onion industry in the province and the country in general. Keywords: agriculture; department; development; ecija; farmers; government; industry; intervention; journal; onion; onion farmers; production; strategies
• The effect of field agricultural extension roles on the capacity level of rice farmers in Pesawaran Regency, Lampung, Indonesia by Listiana, Indah ; Rangga, Kordiyana K; Agustina, Ayu ; Nurmayasari, Indah ; Jimad, Habibullah ; Ariyanto, Dafit (2023) - The results showed that the effect of field agricultural extension on farmers’ capacity levels could be categorized as moderate, and the overall level of farmer capacity could be classified in the medium category. The factors that influence the level of farmer capacity are age, level of formal education, length of farming experience, land size, number of dependents, and the role of AEAs. Keywords: capacity; district; extension; farmers; farming; katon; level; negeri; number; rice; role
• Factors influencing the practice of commercial rice production for food security in Vientiane capital, Laos by Saokhamkeo, Phoukeo ; Dokmaithes, Rapee ; Chompoo, Jamnian ; Kheerajitt, Cherdpong (2023) - The analysis of the multiple linear regression shown in Table 2 found that land size, labor costs, and machinery costs had significant positive relationships with the practice of commercial rice production at a statistical significance level of 0.01, while household size, media perception, and annual income had a significant negative relationship with the practice of commercial rice production at a statistical significance level of 0.01 and 0.05; therefore, the findings can be presented as follows: Commercial rice production (Y) = –0.028 – 0.362(Household size) – 0.725(Media perception) – 0.172(Income) + 1.091(Land size) + 0.458(Labor cost) + 0.462(Machinery cost) (2) Contribution/Originality: This is the first study to discover factors influencing the practice of rice production in irrigated areas. Keywords: agriculture; factors; farmers; food; household; land; paddy; practice; production; rice; rice production; security; size
• Mung bean production as a source of livelihood among farmers in a municipality in the Philippines: Challenges and opportunities by Domingo, Arjhel (2023) - Farmers who have seen opportunities in mung bean production over the past years are expected to continue to include mung bean in their crop rotation. However, mung bean farmers were challenged by the high cost of farm inputs, the low farmgate price of their mung bean harvest, farm destruction caused by stray farm animals, the threat of widespread pest infestation, and the low volume of production. Keywords: agriculture; bean; bean production; farmers; mung; mung bean; production; respondents; source; table
• The Relevance of a Rules-based Fresh Milk Price Structure Policy in East Java: An Evidence Based Assessment by Nugroho , Bambang Ali (2011) - Dairy cooperatives would to expand their business activities, they stand up between government, private sectors and dairy farmers. Alternative possible solutions to improve freshmilk price structure rules determination in east java should focus on improvement of an integrated approach in which government, dairy industry, dairy cooperatives and dairy farmers take part is required. Keywords: cooperatives; dairy; east; farmers; freshmilk; industry; java; milk; price; structure
• Improved rice varieties adoption and welfare implications among small-holder farmers in south-west Nigeria: An empirical analysis and prospects for food security by John, Aladejebi Oluwafemi ; Ajayi, Omolehin Raphael ; Bamidele, Fakayode Segun ; Oladipupo, Abiola Matthew ; Olushola, Oyewole Samuel (2023) - Consequently, the goals of this research are as follows: to determine the level of improved rice variety adoption among rice farmers, to determine the factors that influence the adoption of improved rice varieties among rice farmers, and to determine the extent to which rice farmers in the study area are affected by poverty. Contribution/Originality: This study examines how the socioeconomic profile of rice farmers can affect their ability to embrace improved rice varieties to increase their farming performance and perceived well-being. Keywords: adoption; area; farmers; farming; households; poverty; rice; rice varieties; study; varieties
• Developing the coconut value chain in central Luzon, Philippines: A case study of coco geonets in aurora by Vitug, Edgelly Galvez (2023) - Salt is the only fertilizer used by coconut farmers in Aurora, although some farmers refuse to use salt and therefore do not apply fertilizer to their farms. Coconut farmers can use shared-service facilities provided by the Department of Trade and Industry. Keywords: agriculture; aurora; chain; coconut; coir; development; farmers; geonet; industry; journal; market; materials; philippines; processors; production; value
• Farmers Inaccessibility to Agricultural Credit in Nyandarua District, Kenya by Vincent, Ng’eno ; Muiruri, Erick Jotham ; Nyangweso, Philiph Mulama ; Langat, B. K. ; Kipsat, Mary Jepkemboi (2011) - The relationship between farm income and credit access among smallholder farmers in Nyandarua District was found to be positive and significant at 5 percent. Keywords: Credit access, small-holder farmers, socio-economic constraints, Kenya Introduction The smallholder farm sector plays a critical role in Kenya’s economic development. Keywords: access; credit; district; farmers; land; nyandarua; smallholder
• Technical efficiency of traditional agriculture based on local knowledge of smallholder farmers by Pattiasina, Trees Augustine ; Nurmalina, Rita ; Harianto; Fariyanti, Anna (2023) - Factors affecting smallholder farmers potato production in Kofele District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Socio-economic factors influencing technical efficiency among smallholder potato farmers in Kenya. Keywords: agricultural; arfak; development; efficiency; farmers; farming; frontier; journal; knowledge; mountains; potato; production; smallholder; stochastic; study
• The livelihood of farmers cultivating fire-prone peatlands: Keeping the ecology and economy sustainable by Arisanty, Deasy ; Hastuti, Karunia Puji ; Alviawati, Eva ; Aristin, Nevy Farista ; Angriani, Parida ; Abbas, Ersis Warmansyah ; Syahril; Muhaimin, Muhammad (2023) - The variables measured in this study were livelihood assets, including human assets, social assets, natural assets, physical assets, and financial assets. Strategies for sustainable livelihood refer to the process of developing certain activities or skills supported by various social aspects and assets to survive or improve living standards, such as processing various resources or livelihood assets, using possessed capabilities, and taking advantage of opportunities (Carney, 1998; Masri & Prasodjo, 2021). Keywords: activities; agriculture; assets; farmers; fire; human; indonesia; journal; livelihood; peatlands; physical
• Farmers’ prioritization of dairy development strategies in Vavuniya district, Sri Lanka by Raveenthiran, Kamshajini ; Krishnapillai, Sooriyakumar ; Sivakumar, Sivashankar (2023) - Contribution/Originality: This paper investigates dairy farmers’ willingness to pay for dairy development strategies, their prioritization of strategies and the influence of their socioeconomic demographic characteristics on their willingness to pay. It shows how dairy farmers prioritize the various attributes of dairy development strategies. Keywords: collection; dairy; development; farmers; lanka; making; milk; silage; sri; strategies; training
• Adoption of Improved Agroforestry Technologies among Contact Farmers in Imo State, Nigeria by Lambert , Orisakwe ; Ozioma, Agomuo Florence (2012) - The mean adoption rate of agroforestry technologies was 33.81%. Apart from age of the farmers which was negatively related to adoption of agroforestry technologies all other variables mentioned affected the adoption rate of agroforestry technologies positively. Keywords: adoption; agroforestry; agroforestry technologies; extension; farmers; level; respondents; state; technologies; value
• Farmer perspectives on understanding rural household behaviour in agricultural decision-making by Fronda, Jennifer G (2023) - The SLA provides a comprehensive exploration of rural agricultural households, focusing on their resilience and adaptation to various challenges influenced by human, natural, physical, social, and financial capitals. Contribution/Originality: This study examined the impact of socioeconomic factors, risk attitudes, and perceptions of the climate on agricultural decisions in Nueva Ecija, Philippines. Keywords: agriculture; change; climate; decision; development; farmers; farming; households; making; perceptions; practices; risk; study
• Impact of agricultural infrastructure development on inequality and optimization equality of farmers’ income in Indonesia-Timor Leste Border Area by Taena, Werenfridus; Sipayung, Boanerges Putra ; Blegur, Fried Markus Allung ; Klau, Anggelina Delviana (2023) - This is in line with research (Molebila, Latuan, & Lutang, 2022; Zega, Mursalin, & Yudhistira, 2022), which states that the level of inequality in farmer income is low. An increase in farmer income with an unbalanced percentage can cause inequality. Keywords: analysis; area; border; development; factors; farmers; farming; income; income inequality; indonesia; inequality; journal; land; production
• Commercial Agriculture and Rural Development: Evidence from the Zimbabwe Farm Project in Tsonga, Nigeria by Olawepo, R. A. (2012) - This is characteristically of the poverty nature among rural farmers and the general vicious circle among local farmers throughout the country. Whatever method used, the essential components of rural development should include:  a fundamental restructuring of rural space and settlement, so as to improve the physical and social access of produces to vital resources;  the creation of new rural structure that would facilitate substantial re-investment of financial resources in the rural areas;  mobilization of rural farmers through effective organization framework that would promote mass involvement in development; Keywords: agriculture; commercial; development; farmers; farming; government; income; people; production; project; rural; state; tsonga; zimbabwe
• Analysis of producer behavior towards organic vegetables in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR by Keochansy, Monthong ; Chang, Jae Bong ; Lee, Yoonsuk (2024) - The results from the ordered logit model show that age, higher education level, organic vegetable area, and selling frequencies are positive and statistically significant. In the study, gender, age, education, type of training, farm area (organic vegetable area, non-organic vegetable, normal rice, organic rice, cash crop, and livestock area), organic farm experience, and selling frequency are used as the independent variables, and organic vegetable households’ incomes are used as the dependent variables. Keywords: agriculture; area; development; farmers; farming; households; income; level; likelihood; respondents; study; vegetables
• Resource Use Efficiency for Cowpea Production in Akatsi District of Ghana by F, Nimoh, ; S, Asuming-Brempong (2012) - Resource use efficiency for cowpea production in Akatsi district of Ghana. The main objective of the study was to evaluate resource use efficiency for cowpeas production in the Akatsi district in the Volta Region of Ghana. Keywords: cowpea; efficiency; farmers; inputs; output; production; resource; study; use
• Estimating cost efficiency and sources of inefficiency in paddy farming: A study in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta by Ho, Phuc Trong ; Hung, Pham Xuan ; Hoang, Lieu Thi ; Phuong, Nguyen TM (2024) - The estimation of cost efficiency reveals that although rice farmers exhibit a high cost efficiency (0.92) on average, cost efficiency scores among rice farmers have a wide range of variation (0.26 – 0.99). This study suggests that supportive policies should focus on improving rice farmers’ skills to manage production inputs and deal with rice diseases and natural disasters to minimize rice production costs. Keywords: cost; efficiency; farm; farmers; frontier; journal; model; paddy; production; quantity; rice; variable
• Assessment of the Impact of Extension Services on Fish Farming in Ekiti State, Nigeria by F. O, Agbebi (2012) - Specifically, the study investigated the socio – economic characteristics of fish farmers, information disseminated to fish farmers, attributes of extension agents, and farmers’ access to extension services and farmers profitability. Information needed by fish farmers include information on pond construction, stocking, pond management, fish breeding, credit, fish harvesting, feed formulation, group formation and marketing outlets etc. Keywords: access; extension; extension services; farmers; farming; fish; government; information; services
• Indian Agricultural Marketing- A Review by Rehman, Shakeel-Ul-; Selvaraj, M; Ibrahim , M Syed (2012) - mailto:srehman275@gmail.com Indian agricultural marketing….. 70 Review of literature A considerable amount of research has been done on the working and performance of agricultural marketing in India, by the academicians and researchers. The present study brings out past and present scenario of agricultural marketing prevailing in India, its challenges and future recommendations. Keywords: agriculture; cooperatives; development; farmers; india; information; marketing; markets; price; produce; production; system
• Promoting Community-based Extension Agents as an Alternative Approach to Formal Agricultural Extension Service Delivery in Northern Ghana by Bonye, Samuel Z; Alfred , Kpieta B; Jasaw, Godfred Seidu (2012) - The respondents indicated that the members of the CBEAs are mainly local community farmers who are perceived to have some expert knowledge in livestock and crop production. The idea was to increase the effectiveness of agricultural extension services through comprehensively structured training, delivery and administrative systems. Keywords: agents; agricultural; approach; cbeas; community; delivery; development; district; extension; extension services; farmers; farming; ghana; information; knowledge; management; production; rural; services; study; system; technology
• Mitigating the impact of mercury on rural people by providing scenarios on alternative income through corn farming improvement by Sirajuddin, Zulham; Pateda, Sri Manovita; Baruwadi, Mahludin ; Tahir, Nur Safitri (2024) - Contribution/Originality: This study introduces an economic strategy for reducing mercury pollution from ASGM, suggesting corn farming scenarios as an alternative income for rural ASGM communities. Research Methods The research specifically focused on the local people of West Tulabolo Village who were d irectly or indirectly involved in artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activ ities, but were also corn farmers. Keywords: activities; asgm; corn; farmers; farming; idr; income; land; mining; tulabolo; village; west
• Affordances in crop diversification: Three cases from the Philippines by Leon, Teresa Joi P. de ; IV, Jaime A. Manalo (2024) - Summary of the characteristics of crop diversified farmers and rice monocrop farmers. Using the Affordances Theory with additional insights from the Capabilities Theory and Intuitive Decision-Making Theory, the findings show that rice farmers in Nueva Ecija, Ilocos Norte, and Tarlac shared one cognitive process and one set of variables in deciding on diversifying crops. Keywords: affordances; agriculture; asian; crop; crop diversification; decision; development; diversification; economic; farmers; farming; food; income; journal; land; making; market; philippines; production; research; rice; study; value
• Marketing channel choice and its determinants among small-scale oil palm fruit farmers in Akwa Ibom State, the southern region of Nigeria by Edet, Glory Emmanul ; Akpan, Sunday Brownson ; Patrick, Ini-mfon Vincent (2024) - The study identified preferred marketing channel choices and determinants among oil palm fruit farmers in the southern region of Nigeria. This group of oil palm fruit farmers occupied about 74.00% of the region's production area (Market Development in the Niger Delta (MADE), 2020). Keywords: channel; choice; determinants; farmers; fruit farmers; income; increase; journal; marketing; marketing channel; nigeria; oil palm; palm farmers; palm fruit; production; size; study
• Determinants Of Export-Led Cassava Production Intensification Among Small-Holder Farmers in Delta State, Nigeria by F. O, Achoja; D. E, Idoge; S. I, Ukwuaba; A. E, Esowhode (2012) - Specifically, the study described the demographic characteristics of the cassava producers in the study area; describe the cassava production system adopted by the farmers, examine cassava production intensification trend in the study area; identify the socio-economic determinants of cassava production among the small holder farmers, identify the major problems facing cassava production intensification among the small holder farmers. There is therefore the need for cassava production intensification in Nigeria. Keywords: cassava; delta; farmers; intensification; nigeria; output; production; state; study
• Exploring the awareness and value chain of Moringa oleifera for sustainable livelihoods: A case study of Sauyemwa West and Kaisosi East Areas in Rundu, Kavango East Region, Namibia by Kwaambwa, Esther Lombe Chitoshi ; Amwele, Hilma Rantilla ; Kwaambwa, Habauka Majority ; Letsoalo, Simon Sebatana (2024) - The results also revealed that Moringa products are highly acceptable to the respondents. The results also revealed that Moringa products are highly acceptable to the respondents. Keywords: development; east; education; farmers; food; moringa; moringa oleifera; namibia; oleifera; respondents; status; study
• Factors affecting the level of commercialization of smallholder pig farmers in the west rand district municipality of gauteng, South Africa by G, Pule; DL, Mthombeni; MJ, Mamashila (2024) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 95 Factors affecting the level of commercialization of smallholder pig farmers in the west rand district municipality of gauteng, South Africa Pule, G.a Mthombeni, D.L.b Mamashila, M.J.c a,b,cUniversity of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Florida campus, Johannesburg, 1710, South Africa. Hence, the study aims to probe factors affecting commercialization of smallholder pig farmers in the study area. Keywords: access; commercialization; farmers; level; markets; pig; pig farmers; smallholder; smallholder pig; value
• Efficiency of Resource Use by Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State, South East Nigeria: A Data Envelopment Analysis by D, Ogisi O’raye; O, Chukwuji Christopher; C, Okeke Daniel (2012) - DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS APPROACH TO RESOURCE – USE EFFICIENCY AMONG RICE FARMERS IN ANAMBRA STATE – NIGERIA Publisher: Asian Economic and Social Society ISSN: 2224-4433 Volume 2 No. 2 June 2012 Efficiency of Resource Use by Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State, South East Nigeria: A Data Envelopment Analysis Ogisi O’raye D. (Department Of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria) Chukwuji, Christopher, O. (Department Of Agricultural Economics and Extension, Delta State University, Asaba Campus, Nigeria) olisdon@yahoo.com Efficiency of Resource Use by Rice Farmers in Ebonyi State, South East Nigeria: A Data Envelopment Analysis Abstract This study investigated the technical and scale efficiencies in rice production by rice farmers in Ebonyi State Nigeria using the data envelopment analysis (DEA). Keywords: data; efficiency; farmers; resource; returns; rice; scale; state
• Adopted Engineering and Agronomic Conservation Measures of Agricultural Land Use in Lafia L. G. A. Nasarawa State of Nigeria by Yohanna, Jonathan Kuje ; Ode, Simeon; Ali, Habiba K; Fulani, Usman A; Dominic, Azagaku E (2012) - The study examined agricultural land use and adopted conservation measures in Lafia local government Area of Nasarawa state. It is therefore recommended among other things that agricultural land use should be studied and conservation methods should be adopted to increase agricultural production in the study area. Keywords: agriculture; area; farmers; field; lafia; land; nigeria; soil; survey; table; use
• Factors influencing managerial challenges for smallholder and emerging sheep and goat farmers in the Thabo Mofutsanyana District, Free State Province, South Africa by Neriath, Kgomongwe ; Leonah, Mthombeni, Danisile,; Akwasi, Antwi, Michael (2024) - Determinants of profit efficiency among smallholder sheep farmers in South Africa. A study by Nyam, Ojo, Belle, Ogundeji, and Adetoro (2022) reported that with sheep livestock farmers, profit efficiency is influenced by level of education and household size, while gender and sheep loss increase that profit inefficiency. Keywords: access; africa; agriculture; challenges; farmers; goat; livestock; sheep; smallholder; south; study
• Economic impact of linkage in rice production and consumption in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam: A farm level study by Nhan, Tran Quoc ; Nay, Nguyen Van (2024) - This study focused on two cases of linking contract systems operated by private and public-owned firms and rice farmers in order to provide overall view on the impact of linkages in rice production and consumption in the Mekong Delta. Recently, Hoang (2021) reported that contract farming mechanism had no impact on farmers’ income in Vietnam using a pooled sample of rice farmers, Daxanh pomelo fruit farmers, coconut farmers, and vegetable farmers. Keywords: contract; development; farmers; farming; firms; impact; income; journal; linkage; matching; model; participation; production; rice; study
• Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model to understand farmer's readiness: Implementation of precision agriculture based on digital IoT monitoring apps in West Java, Indonesia by Larasati, Niken; Putri, Adelia Anissa; Soemodinoto, Annisa S; Alyssa, Nadya ; Shoofiyani, Okke Siti (2024) - 176 Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model to understand farmer's readiness: Implementation of precision agriculture based on digital IoT monitoring apps in West Java, Indonesia Niken Larasatia Adelia Anissa Putrib Annisa S. Soemodinotoc Nadya Alyssad Okke Siti Shoofiyanie a,b,c,d,eTelkom Corporate University Center, Gegerkalong no 47, Bandung, Indonesia. Unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model to understand farmer’s readiness: Implementation of precision agriculture based on digital IoT monitoring apps in West Java, Indonesia. Keywords: agriculture; digital; farmers; iot; model; monitoring; research; study; technology; use; west
• Analysis of the welfare gap among smallholder palm oil farmers in two scheme farming management: A case study in Lampung province, Indonesia by Lestari, Dyah Aring Hepiana ; Fitriani, Fitriani ; Prasmatiwi, Fembriarti Erry ; Sayekti, Wuryaningsih Dwi ; Lestari, Fitri Yuni (2025) - Factors that influence the welfare of palm oil farmer households in Lampung Province were analyzed using a logistic regression model (Rosadi, 2011). Furthermore, based on Sajogyo (1997) criteria, the level of welfare of palm oil farmer households in Lampung Province is presented in Figure 3. Keywords: family; farmers; farming; household; income; lampung; level; oil; oil farmers; palm; palm oil; percent; province; welfare
• Determinants of adoption of sustainable agricultural practices by small-scale coffee farmers in amazonas, Peru by Guevara-Fernandez, Francisco ; Oliva-Cruz, Manuel (2025) - The results showed that coffee farmers adopted different SAPs according to several factors that determine their adoption; those factors can be farm(er)-related, sustainable practices’ attributes, and communication and extension. Coffee farmers under certification schemes. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; asian; coffee; coffee farmers; data; development; extension; factors; farmers; information; journal; participants; peru; practices; project; research; saps; study; use; yes
• Challenges in the development of cooperative-based closed-loop refined palm oil agribusiness in Indonesia by Sihombing, Luhut ; Purwoko, Agus (2025) - Some of the strategies that could be used to support the success of the program include building and granting oil palm processing (OPP) plants to cooperate for independence; certification of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) on all independent palm oil plantations; and application of more efficient processing technology technically and economically so that the product could compete with other commercial palm oil products. 3-MCPDE in palm oil processing: Formation factors, transference to food and mitigation approaches in sustainable technologies for the oil palm industry: Latest advances and case studies. Keywords: cooking; cooperative; cpo; development; farmers; ffb; indonesia; journal; materials; model; oil; palm; palm oil; plant; processing; production; rpo
• Measurement of riskiness of agricultural income - evidence from India's agrarian economy by Guptaa, Deepa ; Ghosh, Bidyut ; Neogi, Suvayan (2025) - While it was designed to assist farmers by providing a safety net for crop prices, many farmers have reported that it has not substantially benefited them. This research applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to investigate how fluctuations in market prices influence agricultural supply, with an emphasis on both short- and long-term effects. Keywords: agriculture; changes; crop; demand; development; farmers; income; india; insurance; journal; market; onions; potatoes; price; quantity; study; supply; term
• Motivations of Cajanus Cajan producers in Benin: A versatile crop facing abandonment despite its multiple uses by Akpo, Ibidon Firmin ; Tassou, Filikibirou Zakari ; Issaka, Kassimou; Houessingbe, Zachee ; Dededji, Nanyegbe Aimee (2025) - This study examined the motivations of Cajanus cajan producers by assessing various incentive factors, categorized into pull and push factors. The findings reveal that the selling price, nutritional value, high market demand, high household food needs, declining soil fertility, and the predominance of weeds and pests are the factors with a strong contribution to the decision and action to produce Cajanus cajan. Keywords: agriculture; benin; cajan; cajanus; cajanus cajan; crop; development; factors; farmers; food; journal; motivation; producers; production; pull; push; study
• Company or collector: Farmers’ choice of sales partners in the VietGAP vegetable supply chain? A case study of Southern Central Highlands, Vietnam by Linh, Le Viet ; Onaka, Katsutoshi (2025) - In summary, this difference shows that each group of farmers has its advantages in accessing the market and organizing VietGAP vegetable production. Farmers with lower educational levels (primary education), higher family labor participation in VietGAP vegetable production, higher incomes from VietGAP farming, extensive experience, and limited adoption of advanced technologies prefer collectors as their primary distribution partners. Keywords: agriculture; chain; collectors; companies; company; development; factors; farmers; journal; model; partners; production; sales; supply; vegetable; vietgap; vietnam
• Factors Associated with Performance of Farmer Field School as Extension Approach to Cocoa Production in Osun State, Nigeria by Adisa , B. O; K. A, Adeloye (2012) - Results of the study show that the mean age of cocoa farmers participating in FFS in the study area was 53.3 years with standard deviation of 9.0; majority (79.4%) of them were males, they spent an average of 10.9 years in formal school, the mean of years of experience in cocoa production was 7.5 with standard deviation of 4.8 and they had progressive increase in cocoa output from 2007 to 2009. Objective of the study The main objective of the study was to assess factors associated with performance of FFS as an extension approach to cocoa production in Osun State, while the specific objectives were to i. determine the socio-economic characteristics of cocoa farmers participating in FFS in Osun State; ii. Keywords: agriculture; approach; cocoa; extension; farmers; ffs; field; improvement; management; practices; production
• Identifying constraints and strategies for palm oil production in Indonesia: An interpretive structure model approach by Rosada, Ida; Nurliani; Amiruddin, Achmad ; Novanda, Ridha Rizki (2025) - Oil palm farmers institution as a forum for the development and modernization of people's oil palm. The training processes involving agricultural institutions, such as counseling for oil palm farmers, are often viewed merely as formalities. Keywords: agriculture; development; elements; extension; farmers; institutions; journal; level; oil; oil palm; palm; palm production; production; program; role; sub
• Performance evaluation of high-quality farmer training-survey data of farmers' training in Jiangxi province, China by Sendi, Cheng ; Kiong, Wong Swee ; Zanudin, Khalid (2025) - The weight of quality farmer training performance evaluation index shows that training performance should pay more attention to social benefits, that is, the delayed benefits of training. Farmer training is a series of formal or informal, short-term or long-term educational activities that are prepared for farmers to achieve established goals as individuals or groups. Keywords: agriculture; benefit; development; evaluation; farmer training; farmers; index; journal; level; performance; performance evaluation; quality; quality farmers; research; study; system; training; training performance
• Impact of agricultural extension training on economic performance of rice farms: An investigation in Vietnam’s Mekong river delta by Nhan, Tran Quoc ; Nay, Nguyen Van (2025) - Farmer training in off-season vegetables: Effects on income and pesticide use in Bangladesh. EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 166 Impact of agricultural extension training on economic performance of rice farms: An investigation in Vietnam’s Mekong river delta Tran Quoc Keywords: development; extension; extension training; farmers; impact; matching; non; productivity; propensity; rice; study; trainees; training; vietnam
• Determinants of good agricultural practices intention adoption by small and micro community enterprises in thailand: crop production category by Srilapat, Chanoknan ; Rapankum, Narawut ; Patcharabudsarakumkul, Kowit ; Kanthupat, Sujin; Konkan, Thanada (2025) - 23 December 2024 Revised: 24 April 2025 Accepted: 12 May 2025 Published: 13 June 2025 Keywords Agricultural production standards Crop production Farmers’ adoption Good agricultural practices Small and micro community enterprises Thailand. The finding provides insightful information for policymakers and government extension agents in developing agricultural production standards for SMCEs. Keywords: adoption; agricultural; development; farmers; gap; gap standards; intention; journal; leaders; practices; production; smce; standards; thailand
• The viability of hydroponic agriculture in tropical developing regions: A case study of Nueva Ecija, Philippines by Edrian P, Macaso Mark (2025) - As claimed by Katsiroubas (2021) hydroponics farming offers numerous benefits that empower farmers to grow crops more efficiently and effectively. Thus, the benefits of hydroponics farming are manifold and offer a more sustainable and efficient approach to agriculture. Keywords: agriculture; ecija; farmers; farming; food; hydroponics; hydroponics farming; market; need; nueva; potential; practices; study; systems; water
• Tax incentives, soft credit programs, and economic welfare: Qualitative study of rural farmers in Kyrgyzstan by Moldokmatov, Ulanbek ; uulu, Talant Asan; Sultakeev, Kadyrbek ; Ryskulov, Urmat (2025) - Themes Codes Supporting excerpts Explanation Themes Enhanced agricultural productivity Improved access to machinery State soft loans...helped agricultural farmers to improve their technical equipment: acquiring and renewing agricultural equipment and machinery such as tractors, combines, balers, mowers. Agricultural tax policy in Kyrgyzstan: Opportunities and challenges. Keywords: agriculture; credit; development; economic; farmers; food; incentives; kyrgyzstan; land; loans; programs; tax; welfare
• The model of organic fertilizer adoption in urban farming to support environmentally friendly agriculture in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, Indonesia by Marliati; Vaulina, Sisca ; Dewi, Ilma Satriana ; Dewi, Dian Chintya (2025) - Variables, sub-variables, and indicators of research parameter model estimates significantly influence the level of adoption decisions for organic fertilizer innovation farmers. EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 223 The model of organic fertilizer adoption in urban farming to support environmentally friendly agriculture in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, Indonesia Marliatia  Sisca Vaulinab Ilma Satriana Dewic Dian Chintya Dewid a ,dGraduate School, Universitas Islam Riau, Riau, Indonesia. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; city; development; extension; farmers; farming; fertilizers; good; innovation; journal; land; manure; pekanbaru; performance; soil; table; use
• Why Indonesia's garlic self-sufficiency program failed? by Zaini, Anas ; Danasari, Idiatul Fitri (2025) - Moreover, more effective import quota management is essential to stabilize prices and ensure fair profits for garlic farmers. Voice - the active response of farmers by conveying opinions or constructive protests to stakeholders about the difficulties experienced by garlic farmers. Keywords: development; et al; exit; farmers; garlic; indonesia; loyalty; model; production; program; responses; self; voice
• Assessing the adoption of specialized rice production technology in selected towns of Nueva Ecija by Mercado, Thomas Jahson S; Buenavista, Mari Joy M; Pascual, Marife DT; Badua, Aldrin E (2025) - The adoption of special rice production technology is influenced by multiple factors, including socio-demographic characteristics of the farmers, their educational background, access to resources, and support from agricultural extension services. This study aimed to assess the adoption levels of special rice production technology among farmers in selected towns of Nueva Ecija. Keywords: adoption; bags; days; farmers; level; organic; production; respondents; rice; rice production; technology; water
• Estimation of the Determinants of Credit Demand by Farmers and Supply by Rural Banks in Ghana’s Upper East Region by Akudugu, M. A (2012) - Due to the savings before credit policy by most Rural Banks, people who saved with them mostly demanded credit from them (Rural Banks) since the principal motive for saving with the banks is to get credit in return. This finding of negative influence of long and complicated application procedures on the demand for credit from Rural Banks by farmers is consistent with the findings of Akudugu et al. (2009), Nathan et al. (2004) and Johnson (2004) that cumbersome application procedures deter people, especially illiterates, from demanding credit from formal sources. Keywords: banks; credit; credit demand; credit supply; demand; determinants; development; farmers; ghana; model; region; savings; supply
• Indirect Solar Drier for drying of Hill products by Aggarwal, R. K (2012) - After the installation of solar driers in the villages users’ camps were organized for the farmers to apprise them about the functioning of solar drier. Various hill agricultural crops have been dried in solar drier by the farmers and collected. Keywords: drier; drying; farmers; ginger; india; products; survey
• Comparative analysis of the profitability of small-scale monoculture and diversified yellow corn farms in Cabagan, Isabela, Philippines by Bauita, Angelyn A; Bugas, Jayrald D; Saguibo, Vanessa C; Yago, Airish Lou B; Calubaquib, Michelle Ann M (2025) - 𝜇2 = Population of diversified corn farmers. 𝑛2 = Population of diversified corn farmers. Keywords: cabagan; corn; corn farmers; costs; farmers; farming; isabela; labor; monoculture; monoculture farmers; percentage; respondents; scale; systems; table; total; use
• Climate change-induced conflicts in rural Nigeria: Experience from herder-arable crop farmers in selected rural communities of Ekiti State by Oluwatayo, Isaac Busayo ; Ojo, Olaniyi Oluwatosin (2025) - Similarly, Umale (2023) used autoregressive distributed lag methodology to examine the influence of climate change (proxied by the carbon dioxide equivalent) and herder– farmer conflict (dummy variable) on food security, proxied by crop and livestock production. He reported that climate change does not cause herder–farmer conflict in Nigeria. Keywords: change; climate; conflict; crop; development; farmers; herder; journal; nigeria; rural; state; study
• Comparison of added value received by actors in the rice agro-industry supply chain system in lampung province: Is it fair enough for smallholder farmers? by Noer, Irmayani ; Handayani, Sri ; Kurniawan, Henry (2025) - Performance of rice supply chains in Karawang District. Rice value chain system. Keywords: actors; chain; chain system; farmers; journal; rice; rice supply; supply; supply chain; system; traders; value; value chain
• Assessment of the challenges encountered by aquaculture business in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines by M. Bautista, Alvin Gino (2025) - The study aimed to identify and assess the challenges encountered by aquaculture farmers in Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, across the three critical phases of production: pre-operation, operation, and post-harvest, including marketing and sales. The results revealed that aquaculture farmers face moderate challenges, particularly in accessing capital, preparing aquaculture facilities, obtaining technical knowledge, and dealing with unreliable suppliers. Keywords: agriculture; aquaculture; cabanatuan; challenges; city; development; farmers; farming; fish; journal; management; operation; pond; study
• Alternative crops for climate adaptation in low-lying regions: The case of lotus farming in Thua Thien Hue Province, Central Vietnam by Duong, Tuyen Thi; Lebailly, Philippe; Truong, Quan Tan ; Ho, Hop Thi Minh; Burny, Philippe (2025) - Change in acreage and yield of lotus crop. The main fieldwork took place from August to October 2024 through face-to-face interviews with local authorities, experts, lotus farmers, and traders. Keywords: agriculture; alternative; areas; costs; crop; cultivation; development; farmers; farming; hue; labor; lotus; lotus cultivation; lotus farming; production; rice; scale; thien; thua; vietnam
• The analysis of entrepreneurial smallholder farmers: Evidence from Thailand by Jiumpanyarach, Waripas (2025) - The analysis of entrepreneurial smallholder farmers: Evidence from Thailand Waripas Jiumpanyarach School of Agricultural Resources, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. The analysis of entrepreneurial smallholder farmers: Evidence from Thailand. Keywords: access; agriculture; business; capital; community; development; entrepreneurship; factors; farmers; journal; knowledge; market; smallholder; success
• Assessing vegetable farming practices in a floodplain village of Kamrup District, Assam, India by Bhattarai, Saraswati ; Bhagabati, Abani Kumar Bhagabati (2025) - Finally, direct field observations were made to assess the farm conditions, irrigation methods, and visible adaptation techniques employed by vegetable farmers, including raised beds and drainage channeling. Demographic Profile of the Vegetable Farmers Evaluating the demographic characteristics of vegetable farmers is crucial for understanding their agricultural decision-making, resilience strategies, and adaptability to recurring environmental challenges, such as seasonal floods (Joshi & Piya, 2021; Rai et al., 2019). Keywords: agriculture; area; crop; development; farmers; farming; flood; gourd; india; journal; monsoon; practices; study; vegetable; village
• Assessment of Poverty among Arable Crop Farmers: A Case Study of Farmers Empowerment Programme (FEP) in Osun State, Nigeria by A. B, Ayanwale; Adisa , O. D (2012) - The result of poverty incidence, depth, and severity among respondents indicated that poverty incidence was lower among the FEP beneficiaries (0.42) than the non beneficiaries (0.58). 366-372 370 Analysis of arable crop farmers’ poverty incidence, depth and severity The result of poverty incidence (Po), depth (P1), and severity (P2) among arable crop farmers in Osun State indicated that there was lower poverty incidence (0.42) among the beneficiaries than the non beneficiaries (0.58), the poverty gap index was considerably lower among the beneficiaries of FEP (0.19) than with the non-beneficiaries (0.46) while the severity of poverty was lower among the beneficiaries (0.13) than the non-beneficiaries (0.43), respectively (Table 2). Keywords: beneficiaries; farmers; fep; nigeria; non; poverty
• Determinants of climate change awareness among emerging commercial maize farmers in Limpopo province, South Africa by Tshilowa, Phathutshedzo Fancy ; Antwi, Michael Akwasi (2025) - Ansari, Joshi, and Raghuvanshi (2018) noted that climate change awareness shapes farmers' perceptions regarding climate change. Mulenga, Wineman, and Sitko (2017) and Mengistu (2011) noted that climate change awareness and accessibility to information are prerequisites for adapting to the adverse impact of climate change. Keywords: africa; agriculture; awareness; change awareness; climate change; education; farmers; farming; level; maize; participants; study
• The cost of access: Examining asset-based barriers to formal agricultural markets in rural Jozini, South Africa by Ngubane, Andile ; Masuku, Mfundo Mandla (2025) - This diversity enabled a holistic understanding of technical, infrastructural, and policy barriers to formal market access. The study further found that the type of agricultural produce produced had a significant impact on the extent of formal market access. Keywords: access; africa; agriculture; barriers; development; farmers; infrastructure; market access; markets; rural; scale; scale farmers; south; study; support
• Comparing conventional practices and good agricultural practices: socio-economic impacts on smallholder vegetable farmers in Cambodia by Thangrak, Veu ; Lyhour, Hin ; Pisidh, Voe ; Socheat, Ngy ; Socheat, Hill (2025) - Province GAP farmers Non-GAP farmers Total Banteay Meanchey 10 10 20 Battambang 15 10 25 Pailin 15 10 25 Siem Reap 15 10 25 Kandal 15 10 25 Takeo 15 10 25 Total 85 60 145 2.2. The average income was 346.7 USD per 0.1 hectare for GAP farmers and 170.7 USD per 0.1 hectare for non-GAP farmers. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; cambodia; costs; farmers; farming; gap; gap adoption; group; income; non; practices; production; total; training; vegetable
• Green fields, safe meals: Applying the fuzzy delphi method to align experts agreement on sustainable agriculture practices in Malaysia by Omar, Mohd Shahir ; Yusuf, Muhammad Fakhrul ; Cheng, Jack Kie ; Rahamaddulla, Syed Radzi ; Sorooshian, Shahryar (2025) - This study contributes to the existing literature by being one of the very few studies investigating food safety certification adoption among Malaysian farmers. The focus of this study is food safety certification adoption among farmers in Malaysia. Keywords: adoption; agriculture; certification; delphi; development; expert; farmers; food; food safety; journal; malaysia; market; method; practices; production; safety certification; scale; study; threshold; value
• The Effect of Agricultural Development Project (ADP) on the Rural Farmers in Adamawa State, Nigeria by Madu , Umar Adamu ; Wakili , Abba Mohammed (2012) - It was based on this that the state wide Agricultural Development Project (ADP) was established to raise productivity, income and standard of living of rural farmers in Nigeria. There is strong and urgent need to transfer and extend new practices, knowledge and skills of production to rural farmers to improve efficiency and thus improve the living standard mailto:umaradamu24@yahoo.com Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2(3), pp. Keywords: adp; development; farmers; nigeria; project; rural; state
• Climate Change and Variability: Farmers’ Perception, Experience and Adaptation Strategies in Makueni County, Kenya by Kitinya , Kirina T; Onwonga , Richard N. ; Onyango , Cecilia ; Mbuvi , Joseph P; Kironchi , Geoffrey (2012) - Climate Change and Variability: Farmers’ Perception, Experience and Adaptation Strategies in Makueni County, Kenya Kirina T. Kitinya (Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053 – 00625 Nairobi) Cecilia Onyango Department of Plant Science and Crop protection, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053 – 00625 Nairobi Joseph P. Mbuvi Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053 – 00625 Nairobi Geoffrey Kironchi Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053 – 00625 Nairobi Climate Change and Variability: Farmers’ Perception, Experience and Adaptation Strategies in Makueni County, Kenya Keywords: agriculture; ccv; change; climate; farmers; figure; information; kenya; nairobi; university; variability; weather
• Assessment of Veterinary Extension Services Rendered to Poultry Farmers by the Agricultural Development Project, Kwara State, Nigeria by B. M, Matanmi ; K. F. , Omotesho; K. S, Obaniyi ; R. S, Adisa ; J. D, Ogunsola (2012) - The role that agricultural extension can play in enhancing overall productivity and livelihood of poultry farmers cannot be overemphasized. Specific objectives of the study were to:  describe the socio-economic characteristics of poultry farmers in Kwara State;  investigate the level of awareness and contact of the poultry farmers with the KWADP veterinary extension services; and  examine farmers perception of the veterinary extension services rendered by the KWADP Hypotheses for the Study Ho1: There is no significant difference between farmers’ yield in egg production before and after their contact with veterinary extension services. Keywords: contact; extension; extension services; farmers; poultry; services; veterinary
• Resource Accessibility and Productivity among Women Crop Farmers in Borno State, Nigeria by Ojo, Catherine O; Bila , Yakubu; Iheanacho , Andrew C (2012) - This underscores the fact that low access to technical efficiency resources contributes immensely to productivity losses among women farmers It was recommended that access to technical efficiency factors including credit, education, extension contact and membership of cooperatives need to be enhanced among women farmers to empower women to effectively access and utilize resources of agricultural productivity. Likert scale was used to describe women’s accessibility to agricultural production resources. Keywords: access; farm; farmers; productivity; resources; respondents; study; women
• Stochastic Profit Efficiency of Homestead based Cassava Farmers in Southern Nigeria by Akpan, Sunday Brownson ; Patrick , Inimfon Vincent ; Udoka , Samuel James (2012) - Economic or profit efficiency shows success of a given farm enterprise, as it indicates the ability of a farm to obtain a maximum profit given a level of input and output prices including the level of fixed factors of production in the farm. Ogunniyi, (2008) used translog stochastic profit function to examine profit efficiency of cocoyam production in Osun State, western Nigeria. Keywords: cassava; efficiency; farmers; homestead; level; nigeria; production; profit; size; state; stochastic; vol
• Effect of Poultry Production on the Poverty Status of Small Scale Farmers in Oyo State, Nigeria by Olanrewaju , Babatunde Raphael ; Olufemi , Adekunle Adedayo ; Iyabo , Olagunju Funke (2012) - Therefore it is reasonable to conclude as the results show that, to engage in small scale poultry production reduces the probability of household poverty. The specific objectives are to examine the profitability of small-scale poultry production; and analyze the effect of poultry income on the poverty status of rural farming households. Keywords: development; education; farmers; farming; household; income; level; nigeria; poultry; poverty; production; scale; state; status; total
• Farmers’ Evaluation of Upland Rice Varieties in Fogera District, South Gondar, Ethiopia by Asmelash, Yemane (2012) - The small holders’ rice farmers have not dehulling facilities; rather they bring to processors which are commonly located in production areas. The result of the preference ranking shows that market demand, grain yield, taste, drought resistance, and early maturity are the five most important traits required to adopt improved upland rice variety in the study area. Keywords: area; evaluation; farmers; rice; study; upland; varieties; yield
• The Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production amongst the Resource-Poor Farmers of Third World Countries: A Review by Musemwa , L; Muchenje , V; Mushunje , A; Zhou , L (2012) - Due to the erratic rainfall and high incidence of droughts which make crop production not feasible, the majority of the rural population in Third World Countries depends on livestock production for their livelihoods. This therefore makes the study of impact of climate change on livestock production a vital concern in the world, particularly in developing countries where many rural households depend on livestock production for their livelihoods. Keywords: cattle; change; climate; climate change; countries; drought; et al; farmers; impact; livestock; livestock production; production; temperature; vol
• Spatial Effects of Cocoa Production on Rural Economy in Idanre-Ifedore Area, Ondo State of Nigeria by Adefila , J. O (2013) - This is corroborated by (Ajao, 2006) who identified factors limiting cocoa production to include rarity of chemicals, shortage of farm labour, climate change and poor access roads to cocoa producing areas. Table 2: Challenges of Cocoa Production Constraints Frequency % Shortage of farm labour 18 22.5 Rarity and high cost of agro-chemicals 12 15.0 Low producers’ price 40 50.0 Poor access to cocoa producing areas 2 2.5 Government policies 8 10.0 A glance at Table 2, it becomes obvious that major constraints to cocoa production in the study area is the low producers’ price which accounts for about (50.0%) of the sampled population. Keywords: agriculture; area; cocoa; cocoa farmers; cocoa production; development; economic; farmers; nigeria; production; rural; study; study area
• Capacity Building on Food-Crop Farming to Improve Food Production and Food Security in Central Java, Indonesia by Waridin (2013) - These are not only producing economic-commodities, but also important to the basic functioning for the human life by providing food productions. Table 2 indicated food production in Indonesia for the year 2007. Keywords: agriculture; central; development; extension; farmers; food; indonesia; java; production; security
• Socio-Economic Determinants of Seed Yam Production in Oyi Local Government Area of Anambra State by C, Okeke Daniel; C, Okeke Charity; N, Udeora Samuel (2013) - This study will examine the socio-economic determinants of seed yam production in Oyi Local Government Area of Anambra State, influence of the socio economic factors on productivity and, the farmers’ level of technical efficiency. The adjusted R2 value of 0.697 obtained indicated that 69.7 percent variation in seed yam production could be attributed to the combined influence of the socio-economic variables. Keywords: education; farmers; nigeria; production; seed; socio; yam
• The Impact of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development on Collective Marketing among Smallholder Farmers of Southern Africa by Nyikahadzoi, Kefasi; Siziba, Shepherd; Mango, Nelson ; Zamasiya, Byron ; Adekunhle, Adenkule Adewale (2013) - Figure 1 below suggests that smallholder farmers do not have a direct control over factors driving market changes (such as globalisation, urbanisation – see Figure 1). Collective marketing can also improve the share of the consumer price received by smallholder farmers through improved bargaining power (Giuliani, 2006; Komarudin et al., 2006). Keywords: action; agriculture; collective; development; farmers; iar4d; journal; market; marketing; outcomes; research; smallholder; treatment
• Cocoa Farmers Performance at Highland Area in South Sulawesi, Indonesia by Fahmid, Imam Mujahidin (2013) - Production / ha (Kg) 1,200 Rata-rata/Kg Selling Price (USD) 15,500 Total selling price (USD) 18,600,000 Net income of farmers / yr 15.65 5,000 Source: Field Study Table 2: Performance of Cocoa Farmers with Large Land and Young Plant Typology Performance analysis of cocoa farmers LLYP typology per hectare per year Labor Land preparation Planting Maintenance Harvest Post-Harvest Production costs/Ha (Rp.) 125,000 166 667 254,000 100. 000 109. 333 Total Labor Costs 755 000 Means of Production Seed Pesticide / herbicide Fertilizer Seed Cost / ha (Rp.) Abstract This study aims to: (1) discover the performance of cocoa farmers in highland areas in South Sulawesi province of Indonesia, using a approach of four typologies: (2) determine the factors causing the level of cocoa production per hectare per year on each typology. Keywords: cocoa; farmers; hectare; land; llop; llyp; production; slyp; table; typology; usd; year
• Increasing Crop Output through Improved Technology Adoption: The Fadama III Approach in Delta State, Nigeria by Okeleke, CHUKWUJI Christopher (2013) - The variables that significantly affected rate of adoption were, Farming experience, Farm size Non-farm incomes, access to advisory services and cost of technology adoption, all of which except the last positively influenced rate of adoption. Keywords: Technology adoption, Fadama III, Crop output, Delta State, Nigeria Introduction 1 Nigeria is predominantly still an agricultural economy. Keywords: adoption; development; fadama; farm; farmers; iii; non; project; respondents; rural; technologies; technology; users
• Impact of Credit Access on Charcoal Productivity: Implication for Sustainable Development, Oyo- State by F. I, Olagunju; I. K, Ojedokun; F, Ogunwole–Olapade (2013) - 3. determine the factors affecting access to credit charcoal producers; 4. The coefficient of these variables, years of experience in charcoal production, level of education, sources of credit, sources of log and their quantities were positively significant at 5% level. Keywords: access; charcoal; credit; development; farmers; level; logx; producers; production; productivity; study
• Case Studies of Rural Development and Clean Agriculture in Lao PDR by Hirokawa, Sachika (2013) - To compare the support system for farmers engaged in organic agriculture, the author also consider cases from NW village, Phon district in Khon Kaen province in Northeast Thailand, which is one of the research sites. Case Analysis PROFIL Activities For the implementation of the clean agriculture policy, each institution had a clear role assignment: PROFIL took on the roles of Nonte Village Map of Xaithani District Vientiane Capital Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(7) 2013: 457-468 462 networking and marketing for farmers who engaged in organic agriculture. Keywords: actors; agriculture; development; farmers; farming; government; group; lao; nonte; pdr; profil; village
• Does Access to Microfinance Improve Farm Production? Evidence from Rice Farmers in San Francisco, Agusan del Sur, Philippines by Sarmiento, Jon Marx P; Ellson, Adela G; Traje, Adonis M; Manzano, Gianne Francis Alfred E; Comidoy, Sherleen M (2013) - Data revealed that microfinance client farmers were producing 27% more than non-client farmers. Based on the results, farmers who availed microfinance services had higher rice production (Table 1) compared to those who did not avail. Keywords: agriculture; client; development; farmers; microfinance; non; production; rice
• Prospects and Challenges of Privatization of Agricultural Extension Service in Bangladesh by Uddin, Md Ektear ; Qijie, Gao (2013) - Abstract Globally there has been a growing interest towards the privatization of agricultural extension services. Despite the challenges, it is hoped that Bangladesh still has some prospects to adopt privatization of agricultural extension service if the recommended policy guidelines out lined in this paper are followed accordingly. Keywords: agricultural; bangladesh; delivery; development; extension; extension services; farmers; government; journal; private; privatization; sector; services; world
• Entrepreneurial Traits and the Distribution of Poultry Farm Entrepreneurs in Delta State, Nigeria by Isiorhovoja, R. A; Inoni, O. E; Ogisi , O. D (2013) - N 177 59 39 - N 177 59 39 - N 39 59 177 - N 177 59 39 - 1 3.5254 3.6983 - 0.523 1 3.0938 3.1017 - 0.997 1 3.0051 3.0915 - 0.568 1 3.35 3.39 - 0.7 2 - - 4.2872 1.00 2 - - 3.4051 1.00 2 - 3.0915 3.2508 0.148 2 - 3.39 3.48 0.2 Means for groups in homogeneous subsets are displayed Source: Field survey 2010 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(7) 2013: 488-496 495 Table 6: Distribution of Poultry Farm Entrepreneurs by Entrepreneurial Potential Category by Agricultural Zone Agricultural zones Entrepreneurial Potential category Delta North Delta Central Delta South Total Low Average High Total 0(0.00) 18(46.15) 21(53.85) 39(100.00) 0(0.00) 114(64.41) 63(35.59) 177(100.00) 0(0.00) 37(62.71) 22(37.29 59(100.00) 0(0.00) 169(61.45) 106(38.55) 275(100.00) It should, however, be noted that while score in EPOT of Delta North agricultural zone (3.48) is significantly above average (3.4), the mean score in entrepreneurial potential of the remaining two zones were less than average. Keywords: agricultural; average; delta; farmers; need; potential; poultry; state; traits; zones
• Herbicides Use by Smallholder Farmers in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria by Jackqeline, Mutambara (2013) - Livestock Source: Survey, 2008 Weed Control Practices by Farmers Most farmers used manual weed control in all crops than chemical weed control except in rice production where a higher percentage (62.5%) of farmers used herbicides for weed control and 47.5 percent used traditional weed control (Table 3). The fourth factor was most correlated with household size (r = 0.751) and was designated household size factor. Keywords: agriculture; control; development; factor; farmers; herbicides; household; nigeria; use; weed
• Factors Affecting the Decision and Extent of Rice-milling before Sale among Ugandan Farmers by Nakazi , Florence ; Sserunkuuma , Dick (2013) - However, although milling households incurred higher costs, they also had higher gross margins, implying that selling milled rice is more profitable than selling paddy. The price of milled rice, volume of harvested rice, household size and group membership have significant and positive relationships with the proportion of rice sold as grain; while distance to the nearest rice mill is negatively and significantly associated with the proportion of rice sold as grain. Keywords: farmers; grain; households; milling; paddy; production; proportion; rice; uganda
• Gender Resource Accessibility and Profitability among Groundnut Producers in Hong Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria by C. O, Ojo; A. A, Ghide; E, Phanuel (2013) - The analysis on access to land showed that 64.8% of respondents opined that male farmers had more access to sufficient land for groundnut production than women while only 16.7% of respondents thought that female farmers had more access to land for production of groundnut. The analysis on access to credit indicated that 27.8% of the respondents felt that male farmers had more access to credit than the female while 33.3% felt that female farmers had more access to credit than the male. Keywords: access; farmers; female; groundnut; male; production; respondents; women
• Assessment of the Adoption Rate of Technologies among Fadama III Farmers in Adamawa State, Nigeria by AdamuMadu, Umar (2013) - Overview of Fadama III project The establishment of Fadama III is based on the success and benefits of the implementation of Fadama II, which was also a follow-up to the First National Fadama Development Project (NFDP-I). Greater proportion of the beneficiaries of Fadama III project has adopted new technologies from inception of the project to date. Keywords: adoption; beneficiaries; fadama; farmers; iii; increase; non; project; rate; technologies
• Factors Affecting Agricultural Sustainability–A Case Study of Hail Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by Asiry, Khalid A; Hassan, Sami Saeed M; AlRashidi, Monif M (2013) - Marketing of agricultural products The main market for selling farmer products (77.3%) is Hail area (local marketing). As a result, crop production in drylands seems to be low resulting in the reduction of the food security, although it depends on other factors such as socio-economics and political factors (Stroosnijder et al., 2012). Keywords: agriculture; area; crops; development; farmers; farms; hail; production; saudi; soil; use; water
• Economics of Garlic Production in Baran District of Rajasthan; Break Even Analysis by Meena, Lokesh Kumar ; Sen , Chandra ; Bairwa, Shoji lal ; jhajharia, Arun ; Raghuwanshi, N. K (2013) - About 86 per cent of the 52 respondents gave High price of seed was reported as a main constraint in garlic production irrespective of the size of holdings. The study focuses on economic analysis of garlic production in the Baran District of Rajasthan. Keywords: break; farmers; garlic; price; production; yield
• Factors Affecting the Adoption and use of NERICA Varieties among Rice Producing Households in Ghana by Owusu, Asante Bright; Nimo, Wiredu Alexander ; Wilson, Dogbe ; Alfred, Asuming-Boakye ; Nsiah , Frimpong Benedicta; Joyce, Haleegoah; John, Nortey ; Aliou, Diagne (2013) - Alexander Nimo CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, Ghana, and Rural Development Theory and Policy, Institute of Agricultural Economics and Social Sciences in Tropics and Subtropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany Dogbe Wilson CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Nyankpala, Ghana Asuming-Boakye Alfred Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana Frimpong Benedicta Nsiah and Haleegoah Joyce CSIR-Crops Research Institute, Kumasi, Ghana Nortey John Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Statistics Information and Research Directorate, Accra, Ghana Diagne Aliou Africa Rice Center, Cotonou, Benin Abstract 1 This paper uses cross sectional data which were collected from 200 smallholder rice producers in Ghana, to examine the factors influencing the adoption and extent of use of NERICA rice varieties in Ghana. Implemented since 2005, the MNRDP involved a number of rice development and improvement activities including, the distribution of improved seeds of NERICA rice varieties among selected small scale rice producing households in Ghana. Keywords: adoption; agricultural; development; factors; farmers; ghana; journal; land; nerica; proportion; rice; seeds; use; varieties
• Strategy Formulation of Empowering Farmers Capability at Integrated Farming of Beef Cattle and Paddy Base on Zero Waste: Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach by Abdullah, Agustina ; Ali , Hikmah M; Syamsu , Jasmal A (2013) - To achieve the goal of improved performance extension officers in mentoring farmers for adoption of technology waste treatment required the simultaneous application of the three strategies, namely applying sewage treatment technology optimally by the farmers, the provision of facilities and infrastructure supporting the application of waste treatment technologies, as well as an increase in knowledge and skills of extension officers in waste treatment technology. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(10) 2013: 746-752 752 Conclusions To achieve the goal of improved performance extension officers in mentoring farmers for adoption of technology waste treatment required the simultaneous application of the three strategies, namely applying sewage treatment technology optimally by the farmers, the provision of facilities and infrastructure supporting the application of waste treatment technologies, as well as an increase in knowledge and skills of extension officers in waste treatment technology. Keywords: capacity; development; farmers; technology; treatment

• Processing and Utilization of Sorghum and Maize in Botswana: Current Status and Opportunities by Nthoiwa , G. P; Gombalume, T; Nthoiwa, K. K Mokwena (2013) - Grain milling products The main product from grain milling is flour (i.e., sorghum meal and maize meal). Bokomo also distributes other food products manufactured by its sister companies in South Africa or elsewhere, such as breakfast cereal products, dried fruits and vegetables, poultry products, etc. Value-added products Apart from use in local staple porridge dishes, sorghum and maize flours can be further processed in a variety of ways and combined with many other ingredients to produce a vast range of value-added products. Keywords: agriculture; botswana; cereal; crop; development; food; grain; journal; maize; meal; milling; processing; production; products; sorghum; use
• Contributions of ICTs towards Agricultural Development Among Agricultural Researchers in Ibadan North West Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria by Oyewole, Oyetoro John; Ige , Adetunbi Saheed ; Oyetunde, Oladipo Solomon (2013) - Table 5: Correlation analysis showing significant relationship between contributions index of ICT facilities to agricultural development and access to selected agricultural websites Selected websites correlation coefficient (r) P-value Remark World-agriculture.com **0.044 0.002 Significant moa.gov.jm *0.364 0.010 Significant iita.org *0.358 0.012 Significant agweb.com **0.435 0.002 Significant **Significant at 1% *Significant at 5% Source: Field Survey, 2012 Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that agricultural researchers in study area accessed and utilized selected agricultural websites of which they obtained relevant and useful agricultural information which contributes to agricultural development. The study therefore recommends that internet facilities should be made available and affordable to agricultural researchers to enhance their accessibility, usage and contributions to agricultural development. Keywords: agriculture; development; facilities; ict; information; researchers; respondents
• Does Local Development Exist? Sustainability of Artisanal Agri-Industry of Jatropha Seeds in Yucatan by García, Armando Rucoba ; Gil, Alfonso Munguía; López, María Isabel Cano (2013) - In order to analyze the possible development of local artisanal agri-industry in the context of policies related to biofuels in Mexico, interviews with key informants were made to identify the agricultural potential of Jatropha c. in monoculture and associated crops. Production of Jatropha c. on small areas could be a productive choice if public policies are established to promote biodiesel production and its use in national industry. Keywords: agriculture; bioenergy; biofuels; development; jatropha; journal; mexico; policies; production
• Attraction of Investment in Agriculture of Kazakhstan by Abdrakhmanova, Dinar (2013) - Keywords: Investment, agriculture, planning, enterprises Introduction 1 Process of attraction of investments by the enterprises is characterized by a weak level of scrutiny non-financial, influencing investment appeal and efficiency of the organizations-borrowers, thereby reducing probability of reception of credit resources and worsening their conditions. In this connection pressing questions in research of process of attraction are a problem of an economic justification of efficiency of investment investments in the enterprises, and also development of Corresponding author’s Email address: rk_bin@mail.ru methodical recommendations about increase of their investment appeal. Keywords: agriculture; attraction; development; investment; investment appeal; investment attraction
• Organic farming support is an effective and cost-efficient measure to reach sustainability objectives in agriculture policies. Organic farming having environmental and social concerns therefore it has a better market demand. The paper discuss the costs an by Rani, Saima ; Khan, Muhammad Azeem ; Shah, Hassnain; Anjum, Abdul Sattar (2013) - The paper concludes that organic vegetables are profitable but less than the conventional vegetables. But it is hard to measure the profitability of organic vegetables due to the value of unseen indirect benefits. Keywords: agriculture; cost; days; revenue; turnip; vegetables
• Participatory Rural Appraisal of Basic Needs Deprivation among Rural Dwellers of Borno State, Nigeria by Yusuf, R. O (2014) - In rural areas, fire disasters (locally called Gombara) occur on two phases: farmland areas and domestic areas. In rural areas of Borno State, adaptation to mitigating basic need deprivation can be examined under two major aspects; livelihood adaptive strategies and societal adaptive strategies. Keywords: agriculture; areas; borno; deprivation; development; dwellers; fishing; food; journal; livestock; needs; people; pra; settlements; state; strategies; water
• Analyzing Spatio-temporal Pattern of Crop Diversification in Jalandhar District of Punjab, India by Sajjad , Haroon; Prasad, Sandip (2014) - http://www.scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=ajar.2011.28.44&org=12#t2 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(3)2014: 242-256 248 Table 2: Block-wise area under various crops and crop diversification index in Jalandhar district, Punjab (1990) Blocks Rice Wheat Maize Gram Mash Arhar Moong Massar Groundnut Rapeseed Sesamum Linseed Sugarcane Fruits Vegetables GMI Nakodar 18.13 28.70 3.63 0.03 0.10 0.17 0.03 0.00 0.27 0.50 0.03 0.03 2.10 0.10 1.43 0.62 Shah Kot 24.57 32.13 2.47 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.83 0.43 0.23 0.00 1.07 0.13 0.93 0.59 Phillaur 13.27 17.23 2.33 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.03 0.03 2.33 0.13 0.30 0.63 Nur Mahal 15.67 20.80 2.33 0.00 0.03 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.03 0.03 1.70 0.07 0.30 0.60 Rurka Kalan 10.97 14.00 1.87 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.03 2.23 0.03 0.20 0.63 Jalandhar East 8.83 12.80 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.73 0.17 1.70 0.61 Jalandhar West 13.3 19.43 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.77 0.27 2.83 0.60 Bhogpur 8.43 13.10 1.73 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.10 0.00 0.00 2.63 0.40 0.53 0.65 Adampur 6.53 11.20 2.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.87 0.10 0.80 0.64 Jalandhar district 119.7 169.4 18.5 0.07 0.27 0.60 0.13 0.07 1.17 2.30 0.33 0.13 14.43 1.40 9.03 0.62 Source: Statistical abstract of Punjab Table 3: Block-wise area under various crops and crop diversification index in Jalandhar district, Punjab (2000) Districts Rice Wheat Maize Gram Arhar Moong Massar Groundnut Rapeseed Sesamum Linseed Sugarcane Fruits Vegetables GMI Nakodar 20.53 27.20 3.10 0.03 0.20 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.67 0.00 2.07 0.00 1.27 0.62 Shah Kot 28.80 32.13 1.90 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.03 0.43 0.60 0.00 1.57 0.00 1.20 0.58 Phillaur 17.20 20.13 1.23 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.47 0.00 0.03 2.57 0.03 0.37 0.60 Nur Mahal 15.07 19.10 1.50 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37 0.17 0.03 2.03 0.00 0.37 0.60 Rurka Kalan 10.57 12.13 1.40 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00 2.17 0.00 0.13 0.63 Jalandhar East 9.30 12.53 1.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.07 0.50 0.58 Jalandhar West 14.23 18.20 1.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.17 0.83 0.59 Bhogpur 9.93 12.50 1.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 8.80 0.13 0.20 0.69 Adampur 7.93 11.70 2.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.03 0.30 0.61 Jalandhar district 133.5 165.63 15.80 0.03 0.73 0.13 0.03 0.03 2.30 1.43 0.07 15.03 0.43 5.17 0.60 Source: Statistical abstract of Punjab Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(3)2014: 242-256 249 Table 4: Block-wise area under various crops and crop diversification index in Jalandhar district, Punjab (2010) Districts Rice Wheat Maize Arhar Moong Rapeseed Sesamum Linseed Sugarcane Fruits Vegetables GMI Nakodar 28.83 28.80 1.43 0.20 0.10 0.17 0.20 0.03 0.77 1.03 2.47 0.59 Shah Kot 33.73 29.50 0.60 0.07 0.00 0.27 0.10 0.00 0.23 0.33 0.90 0.53 Phillaur 20.00 21.53 0.67 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.20 0.43 0.55 Nur Mahal 18.30 20.43 0.73 0.17 0.00 0.10 0.07 0.00 0.83 0.17 0.43 0.55 Rurka Kalan 12.80 14.13 0.53 0.13 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 1.17 0.17 0.13 0.57 Jalandhar East 10.87 12.63 0.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.27 0.50 0.57 Jalandhar West 18.70 17.27 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.27 0.73 0.56 Bhogpur 11.87 13.23 1.07 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 2.30 0.17 0.23 0.61 Adampur 8.47 11.87 2.27 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.07 0.13 0.61 Jalandhar district 163.57 169.40 9.07 0.67 0.10 1.03 0.37 0.03 8.40 2.63 5.97 0.57 Source: Statistical abstract of Punjab Figure 2: Spatio-temporal variation of crop diversification in Jalandhar district (1990-2010) Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(3)2014: 242-256 250 Spatio-temporal analysis of crop diversification from 1990 to 2010 shows that Shahkot, Jalandhar East, Jalandhar West, Nur Mahal, Rurka Kalan and Phillaur were found to be low diversified blocks (Figure 3). India Abstract This paper analyzed dynamics of crop diversification in one of the agriculturally prosperous districts of Indian Punjab using Gibbs Martin Index. Keywords: agriculture; area; concentration; crop; development; district; diversification; index; jalandhar; punjab; rice; wheat
• Weed Management in Zimbabwean Smallholder Conservation Agriculture Farming Sector by Muoni , Tarirai ; Mhlanga, Blessing (2014) - The presence of crop residues has been reported to improve macro- and microbial activity in the soil and so this also improves the predation of weed seeds by some microorganisms that are found in the soil leading to reduced number of weeds seed and in turn reduced number of weeds (Kremer, 2000). Weed seeds accumulate at the surface, when allowed to set seed, increasing their exposure to predation resulting in reduction of weed density over time. Keywords: agriculture; conservation; crop; et al; herbicide; journal; soil; systems; weed
• Technical Efficiency of Maize Production in Nigeria: Parametric and Non-Parametric Approach by Hassan, Yusha’u ; Abdullah, Amin Mahir bin; Ismail , Mohd Mansor ; Mohamed, Zainalabidin (2014) - Table 4: Percentage frequency distribution of maize production technical efficiency under constant and variable return to scale and technical efficiency under stochastic frontier analysis in Nigeria from 1971-2010 Efficiency scores (%) Frequency TE CRS % TE CRS Frequency TE VRS % TE VRS Frequency TE SFA % TE SFA 21.0-30.0 - - - - 1 2.5 31.0-40.0 1 2.5 - - 9 22.5 41.0-50.0 2 5 - - 2 5 51.0-60.0 4 10 2 5 1 2.5 61.0-70.0 6 15 3 7.5 8 20 71.0-80.0 10 25 8 20 12 30 81.0-90.0 5 12.5 5 12.5 4 10 91.0-99.0 6 15 7 17.5 3 7.5 100.0 6 15 15 37.5 - - Total 40 100 40 100 40 100 Mean 77.8 87.7 64.1 Minimum 40.4 52.5 29.3 Maximum 100.0 100.0 99.9 Table 4 shows the percentage frequency of maize production technical efficiency scores by DEA under constant return to scale and variable return to scale; and technical efficiency under stochastic frontier analysis(SFA) in Nigeria from 1971-2010. Table 5: Average 5 years of maize production technical efficiency under constant and variable return to scale and technical efficiency under stochastic frontier analysis in Nigeria from 1971-2010 Year % TE crs TE crs (% OIQ) Keywords: agriculture; analysis; country; dea; efficiency; frontier; maize; nigeria; output; production; return; scale; variable
• Social-cultural Functions of Rice Farming Systems by Prihtanti, Tinjung Mary ; Hardyastuti, Suhatmini ; Hartono , Slamet ; Irham (2014) - Organic rice farming systems tend to gave higher economic value as labor absorber, but this study found that organic rice farming system did not guarantee farming tradition maintenance and increasing of farmer women participation. Application of organic rice farming system is no different from conventional rice farming systems in encouraging the participation of women farmers, also in the maintenance farming tradition. Keywords: agriculture; capital; development; farmer; farming; labor; organic; rice; rural; systems; women
• Impact Assessment of Water Crisis on Socio Economic Life of Agrarian Community by Sabir, Raja Irfan ; Irfan , Muhammad; Akhtar, Naeem; Nawaz, Farooq ; Shahnawaz, Muhammad (2014) - A well structured questionnaire was designed on five point licker scale covering various dimensions of water crises and their impact on socio economic dimension of farmer’s lives. Keywords: Water crises, socio economic problems, irrigation, productivity Introduction/ back ground of research problem 1 Agriculture plays a pivotal role in the national economy of Pakistan. Keywords: agriculture; canal; crises; irrigation; pakistan; saving; socio; techniques; tube; water
• The Innovative Directions in Agriculture of Kazakhstan by Abdrakhmanova , Dinar ; Byamba, Purev ; Maulet, Kadrinov (2014) - Its main components have to become: the large companies, capable to make considerable investments in development in researches and development, to bring their results to a mass production, to modernize the equipment and so on; small innovative business with specific forms of its financing (the risk capital), the service organizations; the state with its legislative base, the scientific and technical policy directed on regulation and stimulation of innovative process with use of legal, economic, organizational means; the market of new technologies providing to innovative system feedback and demand for innovative production. In relation to agriculture innovative process represents a constant and continuous stream of transformation concrete technical, technolo- gical, organizational and administrative, social and others idea on the basis of scientific development in new technologies or its separate components and other actions, finishing them before use directly in production for the purpose of receiving qualitatively new production. Keywords: agriculture; development; innovations; process; production; system
• Public Expenditures and Agricultural Growth in Burkina Faso by Ouedraogo , Souleymane ; Bako , Daman (2014) - The economical analysis shows that the public funding has a significant impact on agricultural production growth. The study was actually intended mainly to highlight the issue of agricultural sector funding, while assessing its impact on agricultural production. Keywords: agriculture; burkina; development; faso; funding; growth; increase; journal; model; production; results; sector; spending; test
• Effect of Forest Ecotourism on Socioeconmic Conditions of Local Community by Kausar , Rukhsana ; Mirza, Sarwat N; Akhtar, Saira (2015) - INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS Published by: Asian Economic and Social Society ISSN (P): 2304-1455, ISSN (E): 2224-4433 Volume 5(1)2015, www.aessweb.com 21 EFFECT OF FOREST ECOTOURISM ON SOCIOECONMIC CONDITIONS OF LOCAL COMMUNITY Rukhsana Kausar Assistant Professor; Department of Environmental Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan Sarwat N. Mirza Chairman; Department of Forestry and Range Management, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan Saira Akhtar Associate Professor; Department of Rural Sociology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan All the important aspects of social and economic impacts analysis amassing to forest ecotourism was covered in the questionnaires. Keywords: agriculture; area; asian; community; conservation; development; ecotourism; forest; income; journal; people
• Entitlement to Food Security Approach Explaining Food Security in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania More than Other Theories by Mende, Dorah H; Mwatawala, Maulid W; Kayunze, Kim A (2015) - Impact of some of independent variables on food security The dependent variable, food security, was regressed on eight independent variables which were thought to account for more of variation in household food security (Table 6). However, some previous researches elsewhere have shown positive impact of household size on household food security. Keywords: adult; agriculture; development; energy; entitlement; equivalent; food; food security; households; mbeya; people; security; technologies
• The Total Factor Productivity in Strategic Food Crops Industry of Malaysia by Othman, Kamarudin ; Baharuddin, Amir Hussin (2015) - In 2009 to 2010, paddy production growth was only about 1.48 per cent, while the growth of the domestic demand rose by an average 5.2 percent in the same year. Therefore, the increase of TFP paddy production is very important, especially to enhance the paddy self-sufficiency level (SSL). Keywords: agriculture; development; growth; increase; malaysia; output; paddy; production; productivity; sector; study; tfp; 𝜕𝑌𝑡
• Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Gleyic Luvisols and Gleyic Listosols Production Areas of Garden Produce in Nieki Valley, South-East of Côte D'ivoire by Nantarie , Toure ; Patrice, Kouadio Koffi ; Eric, Kwadjo Koffi ; Albert, Yao-Kouame (2015) - The highest Cu contents recorded in soil horizons reached respectively 3.34 mg.kg -1 in agricultural plots at Azaguié and 3.89 mg.kg -1 in the control soils at Dabou, especially in the surface horizons. Soil samples analyzed come from control plots (in natural vegetation) and cultivated plots, in different soil horizons, on the three study sites that are Azaguié, Attinguié and Dabou. Keywords: agriculture; attinguié; azaguié; control; dabou; elements; field; horizons; matter; organic; sites; soil; table; values
• The Role of the Agriculture Sector in Regional Development Disparity in Pegunungan Arfak Regency by Asyerem, Fenny Salomina Jensanura (2016) - Therefore, the increasing of the development of agricultural leading sector in PEGAF regency should be supported through the following points that are the focus of attention of the local government of PEGAF regency: (1) extension and advisory intense for farmers in each district area in intensifying the production of agriculture sub- sector, (2) provision of special transport to serve the mobilization of agricultural products to the market, this is because during this day, the farmers are very difficult to transporting and marketing the harvest of their agricultural products to the market, (3) provision of information from a service provider (local government) about the prices of agricultural products prevailing in the market, this is due to the fluctuations in product prices of agricultural sub-sector due to high inflow of imported products of agriculture sub sector from outside the region, other than that, the marketing of agricultural product by the people in the market tend to oligopsony (Supriadi, 2008) Agricultural leading sector is not an absolute factor that can overcome the problems in regional development (Baransano et al., 2016), but it was one of the factors to solve the problems of regional development in PEGAF regency. Keywords: agriculture; development; disparity; pegaf; pegaf regency; regency; region; sector; sub; sub sector
• Contribution of Urban Agriculture at Household Level in Northern Vietnam: Case Study in Trau Quy Town, Gia Lam District, Hanoi City by Phuong , Mai Lan ; Le, Nguyen Phuong ; Lebailly, Philippe (2017) - Household food production covering a diversified range of food commodities (essentially fruits and vegetable crops, small livestock, dairy products, eggs, etc.), will enrich the families food intake and provide a healthier diet according to own culture and food preferences (FAO, 2008). The rapid urbanization makes agricultural land become limited, expansion of urban land but the indirect impetus to expand the area of urban agriculture and the emergence of new urban agricultural areas. Keywords: agriculture; development; food; group; households; income; land; people; production; town; trau; urban; urbanization
• The Moroccan wheat sector: What if there is no more tariff protection? by Juárez, Roberto Telleria; Dhehibi, Boubaker (2017) - The future of wheat production in Morocco will depend on the tradeoffs between the potential cost savings from the substitution of domestic production of wheat with imports, and the contribution of wheat to GDP and employment opportunities generated in the cereal sector. INTRODUCTION Overtime the government of Morocco has provided significant support to the agricultural sector, and in particular to wheat production (ADB, 2016). Keywords: agriculture; capital; changes; countries; development; gtap; imports; increase; journal; labor; model; moroccan; morocco; prices; production; productivity; results; sector; tariffs; trade; water; wheat; wheat production
• Comparative financial analysis of open-field and greenhouse crop rotation and green manure applications in organic strawberry production by Sayğı, Hülya ; Türemiş, Nurgül (2017) - Comparative financial analysis of open-field and greenhouse crop rotation and green manure applications in organic strawberry production. 684 684 684 684 TOTAL COSTS(TL/da) 5.939 6.164 6.209 6.089 NET PROFIT (TL/da) 4.537 6.958 7.921 4.747 The most marketable product in organic strawberry production carried out in the greenhouse was obtained from the parcel where cowpea was used as the previous crop in green fertilization and farmland manure was applied. Keywords: agriculture; crop; farmland; manure; production; strawberry; total; yield
• Deteriorating agriculture: it's reasons and impacts on socio-economic profile of J&K state by Malik, Ishfaq Ahmad; Rather, Ajaz Ahmad (2018) - The findings of this paper asserts that agricultural sector growth is substantially more important than non-agricultural sector growth for the household in the lower declines of the expenditure distribution that is poor segment of the population. Similarly, Ravallion and Datt (1996 and 2002) found that the elasticity of rural headcount poverty with respect to agricultural growth in India is less than half that for non-agricultural sector growth. Keywords: agriculture; development; economic; google; growth; income; india; percent; poverty; reduction; sector; state; view
• Impact of Gomal Zam Dam irrigation project on agriculture and welfare of farming community in southern districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan by Khan, Saad Ali ; Shah, Syed Attaullah ; Ullah, Irfan ; Ibrahim, Muhammad ; Khan, Salman (2018) - Thus a sample of 100 farmers was selected having equal number of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of GZD irrigation project. Analytical framework To evaluate the impact of GZD irrigation project on on-farm area allocation to major crops (wheat and gram) and their yields per acre, independent sample t-tests were conducted. Keywords: agriculture; area; beneficiaries; crops; farm; gzd; irrigation; project; water
• The future of organıc fısh productıon in the world by SAYĞI, Hülya ; SAYĞI, Ayhan ; GÖKÇE, Mahmut Ali (2018) - Within European countries, private organizations such as Naturland (Germany), KRAV (Sweden), Debio (Norway) and SoilAssociation (England) have developed their own standards for organic aquaculture production. Principles of organic aquaculture products The basic criteria for organic aquaculture production have been derived and produced from organic farming principles (Bergleiter, 2001). Keywords: agriculture; aquaculture; farming; fish; production; products; standards; turkey; world
• Nutrition Promotion and Collective Vegetable Gardening by Adolescent Girls: Feasibility Assessment from a Pilot in Afghanistan by Alim, Md. Abdul ; Hossain, M Anowar (2018) - Received: 26-Jul-2018 Accepted: 19-Sep-2018 Online Available: 04-Oct- 2018 Keywords: Adolescent girls, Feasibility, Vegetable gardening, Afghanistan, South Asia ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the feasibility of collective vegetable gardening into an existing development programme for adolescent girls as a means of improving awareness about health and nutrition and increasing vegetable consumption in Afghanistan. INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 40 NUTRITION PROMOTION AND COLLECTIVE VEGETABLE GARDENING BY ADOLESCENT GIRLS: Keywords: afghanistan; agriculture; arcs; consumption; cultivation; development; girls; intervention; knowledge; nutrition; project; vegetables
• Factors that Affect Farmland Conversion in China and Indonesia by Adam, Lukman ; Xuefeng, Li ; Jin, Jia (2018) - China and Indonesia have a considerable population, have the same major food crops, and have been facing a problem with farmland conversion. The problem will be focused on the following issue whether factors are affecting farmland conversion in China and Indonesia. Keywords: -2.960; agriculture; china; conversion; development; farmland; farmland conversion; google; government; indonesia; journal; population; scholar; test; variables; view
• Effect of Understumps Age on the Growth of Budding of Orange Plant (Citrus Sp.) by Ginandjar, Salamet ; Subandi, M; Alamsyah; Dikayani (2019) - Leaf amount The data of observation and analysis of the variation of age influence of rootstock and budding method on orange shoot diameter parameter can be seen at (Appendix 14, 15, 16 and 17) the influence of rootstock age and orange budding method (Citrus Sp.). The results showed that the treatment of budding method and the age of rootstock did not interact in all observation variables. Keywords: age; agriculture; budding; citrus; dab; development; effect; growth; journal; method; rootstock; stem; treatment; view
• Development of Soybean Cultivation as Leading Commodity in Regional Agribusiness Area by Harisman, Kundang ; Birnadi, Suryaman ; Subandi, Muhammad (2019) - 6) Soybean output is the sum of soybean production multiplied by soybean price (Rp). The development of soybean commodity as a pre-eminent commodity is the performance achieved by the development of soybean commodities is: a) Keywords: agribusiness; agriculture; contribution; development; district; journal; percent; price; production; soybean; subsystem; sumedang
• A Review of Egyptian Afforestation Program and its Effect on Agriculture by Subandi , M; Mahmoud, Abdelwahab M; T, Cecep (2019) - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 9(1)2019: 1-18 4 2. METHODOLOGY Literature review and on site survey on re-greening of Egyptian desert lands have been conducted. People maintains the Nile river well, Nile water flows in Cairo is better maintained, in view of people hesitates to throw something to the river, and most people build their houses face to the Nile. Keywords: afforestation; agriculture; area; asian; desert; development; egypt; egyptian; forest; journal; land; nile; people; plants; soil; vegetation; water
• Analysis of Household Food Security Policy: Case of Food Security Village Programme, Indonesia by Rusliyadi, Muhamad; Jamil , Azaharaini Bin Hj Mohd; Kumalasari , Ratna Tri (2019) - Analysis of household food security policy: case of food security village programme, Indonesia. Policy programs such as DMP Programme need to be effectively developed in collaboration and cooperation with other sectors so that the rural development targets focused on poverty reduction and maintenance of food security at village level can be met (Darwis, 2012). Keywords: agriculture; development; dmp; food; implementation; level; people; poverty; programme; regency; security; village
• Exploring Optimal Cereal Crop Sequence Using Cultivated Land Utilization Index and Yield in Katihar District, India: A Sub Division Level Analysis by Mandal, Vinay Prasad ; Ahmad, Raihan ; Rehman, Sufia ; Masroor, Md ; Sajjad , Haroon (2019) - Table 6: Correlation between crop sequence yield and supporting land resources Crop Sequence Coefficient of correlation (R2) Received: 08-Feb-2019 Accepted: 16-Apr-2019 Online Available: 03- May-2019 Keywords: Crop sequence, cultivation land utilization index, yield, NPK, Katihar ABSTRACT The present study attempts to identify the suitable crop sequences in an agriculturally productive district of Bihar, India. Keywords: agriculture; clui; crop; cropping; development; district; farming; journal; land; maize; rice; sequence; yield
• Diversification of Economy - An Insight into Inclusive Growth & Food Security with Special Reference to Pakistan’s Agriculture Economy by Dixit, Pankaj ; Ahmed, Ramyar Rzgar ; Yadav , Arvind Kumar ; Lal, R.C (2019) - This paper tries to find the problem and solution of Pakistan agriculture through the crops diversification with reforms in the agriculture sector. The assumptions of this paper are the agricultural Diversification can change the picture of Pakistan agriculture through seasonal crops diversification from existing mono-cropping to multi-cropping methods and securing traditional variety of crops for maintaining genetic diversification of crops that is indigenous. Keywords: agriculture; corporate; crops; development; diversification; economy; food; growth; land; pakistan; production; reforms; sector; security
• The Impact of Savings Groups on Female Agency: Insights from Village Savings and Loans Associations in Northern Ghana by Theophilus , Kwarteng Amaning ; Paul, Sarfo-Mensah (2019) - Decision-making input into productive activities Table 6 presents results on women decision making input into productive activities in the household. It is noteworthy, however, that some recent studies including that of Karlan et al. (2017) did not find any evidence of average impacts on household income, consumption, food security, or asset ownership but rather observed results related to non-farm business operations and women empowerment. Keywords: agency; agriculture; decision; development; empowerment; group; household; making; members; savings; study; vsla; women
• Stability and Adaptability Genotype of Hybrid Rice in the West Java Province of Indonesia by Amalia , Lia ; Komariah, Ai ; Hilmayanti, Ilma (2019) - This information is very important as a reference for determining the direction of breeding programs and as a useful source of information for related agencies in an effort to increase rice production through utilization of hybrid rice genotypes. Each replication consisted of 9 treatment of hybrid rice genotypes placed randomly on experimental patches measuring 5.0 m x 3.0 m = (15 m2). Keywords: agriculture; environment; genotype; grain; green; hybrid; interaction; number; panicle; plant; rice; stability; varieties; yield
• The Impact of Traditional Homestead Vegetable Cultivation on the Improvement of Livelihood of Rural Women in Bangladesh by Akter , Aysha ; Ahmad, Nobaya ; Bagum, Thahamina ; Islam, Md Monirul ; Rahma, Mohammad Mizanur ; Hossain , Mohammad Imtiaz (2019) - ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to determine the level of acceptability of traditional homestead vegetable cultivation practices by rural women in the northeastern parts of Bangladesh and its impact on their livelihood. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 9(2)2019: 242-254 250 Table 4: Computed co-efficient of correlation (r) among dependent variables and selected characteristics (N=100) Women's characteristics Values of ‘r’ with df.. 98 for adoption of traditional homestead vegetable practices Values of ‘r’ with df. 98 for attitude regarding changes in livelihood in homesteads Age - 0.082 NS 0.008 NS Family size 0.051NS 0.071 NS Education 0.382** 0.318** Homestead area 0.224* 0.227* Credit availability 0.222* 0.228 * Knowledge of Homestead vegetable cultivation 0.037** 0.406** Family income 0.201* 0.201* Communication exposure 0.212* 0.223* Aspiration - 0.072NS - 0.008 NS Fatalism - 0.052 NS - 0.082 NS Problem confrontation - 0.295** - 0.178NS Education of rural women indicates a significant positive correlation with their attitude as well as adoption of homestead vegetable cultivation for livelihood improvement. Keywords: agriculture; bangladesh; cultivation; development; homestead; homestead vegetable; journal; livelihood; practices; production; vegetable; women
• Analysis of Parboiled Rice Processing in Northern Region of Ghana: Determinants, Constraints and Opportunities by Adams, Abdulai ; Jumpah , Emmanuel Tetteh ; Ilesanmi , Kehinde Damilola; Bennin, Hajei Douri (2019) - Opportunities exist locally for exploitation to help upgrade the quality of local rice for an improved standard of living. In northern Ghana for instance, the market share for imported rice stood at 76% compared to 24% for local rice (Tanko, 2016). Keywords: agriculture; asian; constraints; development; et al; ghana; journal; parboiling; processing; processors; production; quality; rice; sector; value
• Application of Combined SWOT and AHP for Strategy Development: Evidence from Pottery Industry of Bangladesh by Islam , Mohammad Muzahidul; Akter, Laizu ; Pervez, A.K.M Kanak ; Nabi , Md. Nur ; Uddin, Md Momin ; Arifin , Zakaria (2020) - In order to determine the relative importance of SWOT factors, then the AHP performs pair-wise comparisons among factors (Chang and Huang, 2006). At the last stage, the overall priority vector is calculated by multiplying the factor’s local weights by the specific group weight to find out the priority ranking of SWOT factors. Keywords: agriculture; ahp; analysis; bangladesh; decision; development; factors; hierarchy; industry; journal; pottery; process; strategy; swot
• An Assessment of Economic Sustainability in Broiler Enterprises: Evidence from Jordan by Al-Sharafat, Ali ; Al-Deseit, Bassam ; Al-Masad, Motasem (2020) - Farm economic sustainability among a large number of indicators has been developed (Werf and Petit, 2002). Farm economic sustainability is generally viewed as farm economic viability. Keywords: agriculture; broiler; farms; indicators; jordan; production; productivity; profitability; study; sustainability
• Spatio-Temporal Changes in the Patterns of Male and Female Agricultural Labour in Punjab: A Geographical Analysis by Singh, Sucha (2021) - Received: 16-Jan-2020 Accepted: 30-Mar-2020 Online Available: 27-Apr- 2020 Keywords: Agricultural labour, Farm operations, Farm mechanization, Non-farm sector, Scheduled castes population, The data on agricultural labour for census years of 1991 and 2011 collected from Primary Census Abstracts. Keywords: agriculture; decrease; farm; india; labour; male; punjab; rural; singh; state
• Assessing the Comparative Advantage of Integrated Farming and Feedlot Production System of the Ruminant Sector in Malaysia: A Policy Analysis Matrix Approach by Yusoff, Hebat Hisham Mohd; Ismail , Normaz Wana; Kamarulzaman , Nitty Hirawaty (2020) - Amongst the issues covered by the survey include the quantity of farm production inputs and outputs, cost of the operation, size of the farm, prices paid and received by the farmers, production method, revenue, profits, and ruminant inventory information. Grain needed in feed production is also demanded as an important input in food production triggering the worldwide dilemma of ‘food versus feed’ (Mottet et al., 2017). Keywords: advantage; agriculture; analysis; cost; farms; feed; feedlot; input; malaysia; percent; prices; production; ruminant; value
• The Failure of a Rural Development Project: South Korean Official Development Assistance in the Democratic Republic of the Congo by Lim, Hyung Baek ; Kim , Chulwoo (2020) - The flood of cheap, imported agricultural products threatens the DRC’s farmers and agricultural development. South Korea faces great challenges in the DRC because the latter is different in many ways, making it the toughest to deal with in terms of South Korea’s development experience. Keywords: agriculture; asian; congo; countries; development; drc; journal; kitshini; korea; market; products; project; south; value
• Demand Analysis of Rice in Nigeria: Application of Quadratic almost Ideal Demand System Model by Onyeneke, Robert Ugochukwu; Emenekwe , Chukwuemeka Chinonso ; Amadi, Mark Umunna; Munonye, Jane Onuabuchi ; Njoku, Chukwudi Loveday ; Izuogu, Chibuzo Uzoma (2020) - Local rice expenditure elasticity for rural and urban areas is 0.740 and 0.515, respectively. The results also show food rice demand for poorer households has higher expenditure and own-price elasticities than richer households. Keywords: agriculture; cereals; demand; development; elasticities; elasticity; expenditure; food; household; income; journal; model; nigeria; rice; rural
• Examine the Role of Agriculture to Mitigate the Co2 Emission in Bangladesh by Rahman, Md Hasanur; Majumder , Shapan Chandra; Debbarman, Shantanu (2020) - The econometric result finds that agricultural production reduces carbon emission in selected models. Electricity accelerates carbon emission found by (Shahbaz et al., 2016). Keywords: agriculture; bangladesh; carbon; co2; co2 emission; consumption; emission; energy; forest; growth; journal; production; study; test
• Evaluation of the Potential of Jack Bean [Canavalia Ensiformis (L.) Dc.] and Velvet Bean [Mucuna Pruriens (L.) Dc.] Aqueous Extracts as Post-Emergence Bio-Herbicides for Weed Control in Maize (Zea Mays L.) by J. T , Rugare; P. J , Pieterse; S, Mabasa (2020) - These results concur with findings by Silva and Rezende (2016) who reported that foliar application of jack bean extracts caused chlorosis with some brown spots on soybean (Glycine max L.) plants within 24 hours after application of the bio- herbicide. Velvet bean also exhibited similar effects as where jack bean extracts were used. Keywords: agriculture; atrazine; bean; bean extracts; blackjack; chlorophyll; control; extracts; goosegrass; jack bean; journal; maize; treatments; velvet bean; weed
• Estimating the Criteria Affected to Agricultural Production: Case of Chau Thanh a District, Vietnam by Vu, Pham Thanh ; Minh, Vo Quang ; Nguyen, Phan Chi ; Dung, Tran Van; Cuong, Nguyen The ; Lan, Nguyen Thi Phong (2020) - Corresponding author ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 13-Mar-2020 Accepted: 18-May-2020 Online Available: 23-Jun- 2020 Keywords: Agricultural production, Analytical hierarchy process (AHP), Criteria affecting, Sustainable development, PRA ABSTRACT The study aimed to assess the current agricultural production and to identify the criteria affecting the agricultural cultivation and overcome the limitations in agricultural production of Chau Thanh, A district of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Contribution/ Originality This study identified the important factors affected agricultural production. Keywords: agriculture; criteria; development; district; factors; journal; land; production; sub; thanh; use
• Vocational Training for Rural Workers in the Context of Economic Restructuring in Ha Tinh Province, Vietnam by Tho, Bui Thi Quynh; Nhung, Nguyen Thi Kim ; Ngoc , Tran Hai ; Khanh, Tran Thi (2020) - The study goes further by assessing some results on vocational training for rural laborers in Ha Tinh and giving some recommendations for developing vocational training policies for rural workers in Ha Tin Province, Vietnam. Therefore, vocational training policies should focus on Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10(1)2020: 473-484 479 youths who are more likely to pursue vocational training. Keywords: agriculture; development; labor; laborers; needs; people; restructuring; tinh; training; workers
• Adverse Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture: An Evaluation of Fruit and Honey Bee Farming by Sayğı , Hülya (2020) - In a study on the effects of global climate change on apple cultivation in the Hesse region, it has been reported that between 2031 and 2060, the trees will start blooming 6-8 days early and there will be a significant increase in the risk of late spring frost during the flowering period (Braun and Müller, 2012). Considering the data of the Central Hungarian, the grape-growing regions, extreme weather events such as floods, frost, drought, heat waves that have started to occur more frequently have been observed under global climate change. Keywords: agriculture; bees; change; climate; climate change; development; effects; fruit; journal; pollination; production; temperature; warming
• Social Determinants of Rural Secondary School Students’ Choice of Agricultural Career and its Implication for Counseling Services: A Case of Delta State, Nigeria by Osita , Egbule Elizabeta (2020) - The interpretation given to the significant variables shows that for a unit (years) increase in the age of secondary school students, the odds in favour of deciding to take up agriculture career or course of study in agriculture is estimated to increase by 96%. Some of the reasons given are against the principles of counseling and it is suspected that the choices made by the students outside agriculture career may not be the best for them. Keywords: agriculture; career; choice; course; development; influence; journal; parents; reasons; school; students; study
• Impact of Urban Agriculture on Household Income in Zambia: An Economic Analysis by Mupeta, Mavis ; Kuntashula, Elias ; Kalinda, Thomson (2020) - Among the unmarried respondents, urban agriculture households tended to have a higher proportion of widowed heads (14.6%) than non-agriculture households (11.4%). Similarly, urban agriculture household heads were more learned (29.4% had reached tertiary education) than non-agriculture household heads (24.6% had reached tertiary education). Keywords: agriculture; development; farming; food; household; impact; income; matching; propensity; results; urban; zambia
• Agricultural Intensification, Diversification and Migration as Livelihood Strategies Among Rural Scheduled Tribe Population of Palasbari Revenue Circle: A Case of India by Das, Meghna; Gogoi , Barnali (2020) - Perceived impact of land use changes and livelihood diversification strategies of communities in the lake victoria basin of Kenya. Agricultural intensification, diversification and migration as livelihood strategies among rural scheduled tribe population of Palasbari revenue circle: a case of India. Keywords: agriculture; area; development; diversification; education; households; india; journal; livelihood; population; strategies; study; total; villages
• Challenges Facing Community Participation in Participatory Forest Management in Southwestern Ethiopia by Danano , Kero Alemu (2020) - The negative Beta value shows that there is an inverse relationship of household distance in minutes from PFM forest and participation in PFM. The distance of PFM forest has the odds ratio [OR=0.334, 95% C.I: (0.166, 0.673)]. Keywords: agriculture; development; distance; ethiopia; forest; forest management; households; income; journal; level; management; participation; participatory; pfm; relationship; study; woreda
• Changing Pattern of Farm and Non-Farm Livelihood among the Bodos: A Study in Bodoland Territorial Areas of Assam, India by Swargiary , Prithwiraj ; Mahanta, Amarjyoti (2020) - Though livelihood changes have taken place between the generations, the sectoral selection of livelihood by the present generation is closely associated with the livelihood of the preceding generation. Livelihood changes have been looked from the generational perspectives examining both inter-generational and intra-generational livelihood changes. Keywords: agriculture; change; development; farm; generation; livelihood; non; occupation; sector
• Multinomial Regression Analysis if Yam (Dioscorea Spp.) Consumers’ Preferences and Varietal Diversification Pattern in Nigeria by Achoja, Felix Odemero ; Enujeke, Emmanuel Chukudinife; Ogisi, Oraye Dicta; Overehirha, Rebecca Tega (2020) - The p-value for household size (HOUSEHOLD) is (0.000<0.05)5%, which revealed that there is a significant difference between households consumption because the p-value is less than (0.05)5% significant level thus, the alternate hypothesis is accepted that there is a significant difference between yam consumption yam supply during peak season. Also, more research works on yam varieties should be conducted by researchers to expand the value chain / industrial uses of other yam varieties to prevent their extinction. Keywords: agriculture; consumption; demand; nigeria; preference; supply; value; varietal; varieties; variety; yam
• Analysis of Soil Texture, Furrow Geometry, and Infiltration Rate for Improving Water Application Efficiency by Dero, Duba Chena ; Kolhe, Kishor Purushottam (2021) - Due to water scarcity and drought, efficient application of irrigation water is expected in the context of increasing competition for water resources. Reliable and suitable use of irrigation water with appropriate system management can result in improvements in irrigation performance and ensure economic development (Mancosu, Snyder, Kyriakakis, & Spano, 2015). Keywords: agriculture; application; efficiency; furrow; infiltration; irrigation; loam; rate; soil; water
• Influence of Short-term Maize–Green Manure Cover Crop Rotations on Germinable Weed Seed Bank under Conservation Agriculture by Tatenda, Rugare Joyful ; Jacobus, Pieterse Petrus; Stanford, Mabasa (2021) - Effects of (A) cover crop and season on weed density seasons and (B) cover crop and sampling depth on weed seed density in 2014–15 and 2016–17. The results indicated that weed seed density was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by cover crop mulch type across the seasons. Keywords: agriculture; bank; cover; cover crop; crop; density; depth; field; maize; rotations; season; seed; soil; species; weed; weed density; weed seed
• Groundwater Assessment and its Implication for Irrigation in Selected Coastal Areas of South-Western Nigeria by J.A, Adeyeye ; O.D, Akinyemi ; F.O, Akinluyi ; M.O, Abiola ; G. O, Badmus (2021) - Potassium concentration >10 mg/l in irrigation water are detrimental to good plant growth (SAI (Spectrum Analytic Inc.), 2010). Managing irrigation water for crop production in the Pacific Northwest (pp. 1-29). Keywords: agriculture; analysis; area; groundwater; irrigation; journal; quality; samples; season; values; wet
• Effect of Drip Irrigation Frequency, N-Fertilization, and Mulching on Yield, Nitrogen, and Water Use Efficiencies of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Ikole-Ekiti, Nigeria by Fasina, Abayomi Sunday; Shittu, Olubunmi Samuel; Ogunleye, Kayode Samuel ; Ilori, Augustus Oludotun Akinmayowa; Babalola, Temitope Seun (2021) - Irrigation Water Applied Before planting, 25 mm of irrigation water was applied to all treatments to bring the soil water content up to field capacity within 0–60 cm soil depth. Relationship between irrigation water (mm) applied and yield (t/ha) of cucumber for (a) 2018 and (b) 2019. Keywords: agriculture; cucumber; drip; fertilizer; irrigation; mulch; soil; use; water; wue; yield
• Nexus Between FDI, Agriculture, and Rural Development: Evidence from Asian Countries by Paul, Sujan Chandra; Jahan, Nusrat ; Nandi, Ashim Kumar ; Rahman, Md Asiqur (2021) - Using the two-step system generalized moment method (GMM), the influence of agricultural FDI on the rise of agricultural GTFP and other sub-items was also revealed. Although agricultural FDI has a considerable enhancing influence on agricultural GTFP and sub-items, in the long run it has an inverted U-shaped pattern. Keywords: agriculture; development; economic; employment; fdi; growth; income; investment; land; model; population; relationship; study; variables
• Integration of Agro-Ecological and Groundwater Resources for the Assessment of Crop Suitability Potential Modeling: The Case of Limpopo Province, South Africa by Khudzadzo, Ndwambi; Nesamvuni, Azwihangwisi Edward ; Tshikolomo, Khathutshelo Alfred ; Mpandeli, Sylvester ; Niekerk, Johan Van ; Petja, Brilliant M (2021) - Nevertheless, a review of crop suitability potential through integration of groundwater resources significantly improved the potential, with an additional 4.03 million ha under optimal potential and suitable potential of 8.73 million ha. Crop suitability potential provides the government with an implementable tool to ensure that smallholder farmers join mainstream agricultural production. Keywords: africa; agriculture; crop; development; groundwater; limpopo; model; potential; province; resources; soil; south; suitability
• Evaluation of Barley Cultivated Areas’ Actual Status in Egyptian Newly Reclaimed Lands by El-Khalifa, Zainab Shawky; El-Gamal, Eman H; Zahran, Hoda Farouk (2022) - Results show that barley cultivated areas in newly reclaimed lands represented about 76.9% of total cultivated areas during (2004/2005–2018/2019). Therefore, this research aims to evaluate the actual status of barley cultivated areas in Egypt, especially in newly reclaimed lands, during the period (2004/2005–2018/2019). Keywords: agriculture; areas; barley; economic; egypt; journal; lands; period; production; study; variables
• Investigating Farm Machinery Breakdowns and Service Support System Conditions in Rainfed Rice Areas in Riau Province, Indonesia by Paman, Ujang ; Khairizal; Sutriana, Selvia (2022) - Besides inadequate service support facilities, farm machine breakdowns are more likely to occur under rough field conditions (Paman, Uchida, Inaba, & Kojima, 2007), such as those found in the rainfed paddy field areas of Riau Province. Farm machinery breakdowns are the most common problems farmers face in field operations. Keywords: agriculture; breakdowns; farm; machinery; machines; number; percent; power; province; riau; riau province
• Climate Change Factors' Impact on the Egyptian Agricultural Sector by El-Khalifa, Zainab Shawky ; Zahran, Hoda Farouk; Ayoub, Ahmed (2022) - Climate change impacts on cereal crops production in Pakistan: Evidence from cointegration analysis. CO2 emissions account for more than half of GHG emissions, which may be linked to significant climate change impacts such as global warming, storms, floods, and rising sea levels (Yang, Ali, Nazir, Ullah, & Qayyum, 2020). Keywords: agriculture; ardl; change; climate; climate change; co2; egypt; impact; journal; model; run; variables
• Does Women’s Empowerment Improve Yields and Income? Evidence from Rice Farmers in Rwanda by Ngango, Jules (2022) - Empowering women through access to production decisions, asset ownership, income decisions, group membership, and credit decisions is believed to be the best path to reducing household vulnerability to poverty and food insecurity by increasing agricultural incomes and food availability (Sharaunga, Mudhara, & Bogale, 2015). 1. INTRODUCTION An extensive body of literature contends that women play a significant role in the agricultural production sector of most Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries (Sell & Minot, 2018). Keywords: agriculture; decisions; development; empowerment; income; production; rice; rwanda; study; women; yield
• Automatic Monitoring System for Hydroponic Farming: IoT-Based Design and Development by Nguyen, Huu Cuong ; Thi, Bich Thuy Vo ; Ngo, Quang Hieu (2022) - Comparison of system data with a portable measurement device. In recent years, environment monitoring systems that use new communication and information technologies have become available in the agriculture sector. Keywords: agriculture; data; farming; figure; hydroponic; iot; nutrient; sensor; solution; system; temperature
• Nueva Ecija’s Philippine Lime (Citrofortunella microcarpa) Agribusiness Industry: Marketing Disputes and Economic Outlooks by Quijano, Ma Florisa ; Quijano, Gerald ; Diaz, Rowell (2022) - As experienced by growers, Nueva Ecija calamansi fruits could not directly compete with Oriental Mindoro and Davao regions' harvest in terms of fruit size and quality. 1. INTRODUCTION Nueva Ecija had the largest share of calamansi production in Central Luzon. Keywords: agriculture; calamansi; development; ecija; fruit; growers; industry; marketing; nueva; price; production; season
• Using a Structural Equation Model to Evaluate the Roles of Traditional Institutions in Rural Agriculture Success and Sustainability by Ndlovu, Wiseman ; Mwale, Marizvikuru ; Zuwarimwe, Jethro (2022) - A structural equation model was used to evaluate the moderating effect of barriers to institutional effectiveness on the relationship between TLI roles and agriculture success and sustainability. Barriers to institutional effectiveness influence the strength and impact of the relationship between TLI roles and the success and sustainability of agriculture projects. Keywords: agriculture; agriculture projects; barriers; development; effectiveness; factors; journal; leadership; model; projects; roles; success; sustainability; tli
• Pitfalls and potential pathways to commercialization of indigenous food crops, fruits, and vegetables in Africa by Onomu, Achoja Roland (2023) - The relationship between tourism and indigenous food is mutual; for instance, indigenous foods are known to play a supporting role, irrespective of a direct association between local food and tourism (Henderson, 2009; Santafe- Troncoso & Loring, 2021). Indigenous food stimulates economic activities through tourism, with most tourists willingly purchasing indigenous food even when unfamiliar with it Keywords: africa; agriculture; birrea; commercialization; crops; development; domestication; et al; food; food commercialization; food crops; journal; lack; maize; market; nutritional; production; research; south; value; vegetables
• Comparative advantages and factors affecting agriculture production and income in the food estate area on the Indonesia–Timor-Leste border by Taena, Werenfridus ; Sipayung, Boanerges Putra ; Blegur, Fried Allung ; Klau, Anggelina Delviana (2023) - The previous studies on comparative advantage by Semin and Namyatova (2019) and Kurmanova, Sukhanberdina, Kim, and Urazova (2021) focused on analyzing physical characteristics, such as land area, which have a relationship with increased agricultural production. This specialization has an impact on the community’s behaviors, socio-economic characteristics, and ability to adapt technologies so as to support increased agricultural production and income, which in turn increases regional income (Alhader, 2020; Gracheva & Sheludkov, 2021). Keywords: advantage; agriculture; area; border; development; estate; estate area; food; food estate; income; increase; journal; production; value; variables
• Farm households’ vulnerability to climate change in Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam: An advanced livelihood vulnerability indexing approach by Minh, Dao Duy ; Oo, Aung Tun ; Sovanndara, Ky (2023) - An empirical assessment of households livelihood vulnerability: The case of rural Ghana. Assessing household livelihood vulnerability to climate change: The case of Northwest Vietnam. Keywords: agriculture; cambodia; change; climate; climate change; components; countries; development; farm; food; household; journal; livelihood; lvi; major; myanmar; study; vietnam; vulnerability; water
• An empirical examination of barriers to acceptance of integrated paddy and beef cattle farming in Indonesia by Purnomo, Sutrisno Hadi ; Sari, Ayu Intan ; Emawati, Shanti ; Rahayu, Endang Tri (2023) - Integrated farming systems are more environmentally friendly than other agricultural production methods (Mäder et al., 2002) and their implementation is gaining significant acceptance in many parts of the world. Integrated farming systems that combine plantation crops and food crops with livestock are an alternative that can overcome the problems of plantation farming, food crop farming, and animal husbandry (Boonyanuwat & Wongsri, 2016). Keywords: acceptance; agriculture; barriers; cattle; crop; farming; government; journal; livestock; production; research; systems
• Mitigating food insecurity through mallard duck egg production: The case of a rural community in the Philippines by Lagasca, Armando Dela Cruz ; Duria, Jerski Jarzen Cajuigan ; Baltazar, Eugenia Gaspar ; Saturno, Janet Orden (2023) - However, although duck raising can potentially engage rural people in duck egg production, it is vital to point out that they must be adequately trained (Jha & Chakrabarti, 2017). Issues and problems encountered by beneficiaries in duck egg production and actions taken. Keywords: agriculture; development; duck; egg; egg production; eggs; food; income; journal; mallard; philippine; production; respondents; study
• Application of trichoderma and aspergillus as biofertilizers in eco-friendly ratoon rice cultivation by Sutarman; Prihatiningrum, Andriani Eko ; Miftahurrohmat, Agus (2023) - Contribution/Originality: This research demonstrates the potential of a biologically active fungus, which has relatively never been used as a biofertiliser, to increase plant growth and production while maintaining the health of ratoon rice plants, particularly in areas where leaf necrosis pathogens are endemic. This research integrates the function of nutritional support for rice plants through ratoon shoots and crowns and provides protection against various potential disturbances of indigenous d iseases in lowland rice crops such as blast (Pyricularia oryzae), striped spot (Cercospora spp.), spot (Helmintosporium), and stem base rot (Rhizoctonia sp. and Fusarium sp.). Keywords: agriculture; application; aspergillus; biofertilizer; growth; increase; journal; plant; ratoon; rice; trichoderma; weight
• Perspective on Beneficiaries’ Experiences of Participation in Community-based Agriculture and Rural Development Program in Guba, Northern Nigeria by Ahmadu, Sule ; Ahmad , Nobaya ; Hamsan , Hanina H. (2012) - Keywords: Experiences, beneficiaries‟ participation, motivations, community-based agriculture, rural development Introduction Beneficiaries‟ participation in the development process had in recent years became increasingly popular especially within development programs that are geared towards poverty reduction. Factors motivating beneficiaries’ participation in development programs As participation continues to remain a context- specific concept, so also the factors that motivate beneficiaries‟ participation varied from individuals, contexts and programs. Keywords: agriculture; beneficiaries; community; development; experiences; ifad; informants; nigeria; participation; poverty; program; study
• An analysis of environmental and economic impacts of the system of rice intensification : A case study in Thai Binh Province, Vietnam by Huy, Do Quang ; Keeni, Minakshi ; Fuyuki, Katsuhito (2024) - The study indicates that SRI cultivation releases 32,144.35 kgCO2eq/ha, considerably less than the 35,144.18 kgCO2eq/ha, emitted through conventional rice cultivation (Dao et al., 2019). In essence, our findings strongly advocate for the adoption of SRI over conventional rice cultivation, as it not only mitigates environmental harm but also enhances farmers' profitability and well-being, aligning with sustainable agriculture practices and climate change mitigation efforts. Keywords: agriculture; binh; cost; cultivation; development; emissions; farming; intensification; rice; sri; study; system; vietnam
• Risk management towards performance of agropreneur firm: The case of sustainable environmental in Malaysia by Rashid, Intan Maizura Abd ; Razak, Noraznira Abd ; Shafiai, Syahiru ; Zaini, Mohd Rasdi ; Esquivias, Miguel Angel (2024) - Basically, various conceptualizations of green enterprise risk management have led to the unclear articulation of the definition of enterprise risk management itself. The development of enterprise risk management was a response to the perceived shortcomings of conventional risk management. Keywords: agriculture; enterprise; enterprise risk; journal; malaysia; management; performance; research; resources; risk; risk management; study
• Exploring the relationship between land characteristics and the sustainable growth of coconut cultivation in Indonesia by Vaulina, Sisca ; Titisari, Prima Wahyu ; Elinur; Zahrah, Siti ; Dewi, Ilma Satriana (2024) - Coconut farming sustainability in peatlands and coastal lands of Indragiri Hilir regency, Riau Province, 2022. Sustainability 44.3 53.58 Table 4 presents a comparative analysis of coconut farming sustainability in peatland and coastal land areas within Indragiri Hilir Regency, Riau Province. Keywords: agriculture; analysis; coastal; coconut; coconut farming; development; dimension; economic; farming; figure; hilir; indonesia; indragiri; journal; land; peatland; province; regency; riau; sustainability
• Developing community-based enterprises from the selected agrarian reform communities in Quezon Province by Miano, Leomar C; Cabrera, Gino A; Yaoc, Claire Ann M; Cayabat, Chona V; Laguador, Aurita A (2025) - Clustered modules/ Activities Participant’s evaluation Participants’ attendance Mean rating Interpretation No. of participants Attrition rate (%) No Very high High Moderate Low f % f % f % f % f % f % Agricultural production 39 58.21 28 41.79 7 17.95 14 35.90 15 38.46 3 7.69 Food processing 13 19.40 54 80.60 2 15.38 3 23.08 7 53.85 1 7.69 Good manufacturing practices 11 16.42 56 83.58 1 9.09 4 36.36 6 54.55 - - Food hygiene 14 20.90 53 79.10 2 14.28 3 21.43 9 64.29 - - Philippine mandatory labelling and packaging 17 25.37 50 74.63 1 5.88 3 17.65 10 58.82 3 17.65 Application for license to operate business 9 13.43 58 86.57 - - 2 22.22 4 44.45 3 33.33 Marketing 27 40.30 40 59.70 4 14.81 5 18.53 14 51.85 4 14.81 Cost and benefit analysis 23 34.33 44 65.67 2 8.69 9 39.13 11 47.83 1 4.35 Basic accounting 25 37.31 42 62.69 3 12.00 7 28.00 13 52.00 2 8.00 Financial literacy 24 35.82 43 64.18 2 8.33 7 29.17 13 54.17 2 8.33 Business planning 24 35.82 43 64.18 4 16.67 11 45.83 9 37.50 - - Note: n=67 *from respondents who said “yes.” Keywords: activities; agriculture; business; community; development; enterprise; food; processing; products; province; quezon; research; respondents; skills; training
• Market orientation and distribution strategies in poultry agribusiness: Evidence from chicken layer farms in Nueva Ecija by Juan, Jayson Garcia (2025) -  mmfijgj@gmail.com Article History ABSTRACT Received: 30 April 2025 Revised: 28 July 2025 Accepted: 11 August 2025 Published: 8 September 2025 Keywords Agricultural marketing strategies Chicken layer farms Market orientation and distribution strategies in poultry agribusiness: Evidence from chicken layer farms in Nueva Ecija. Keywords: agriculture; chicken; demand; ecija; egg; eggs; farms; layer; market; marketing; nueva; nueva ecija; orientation; production; study; supply
• Regional Differences and Dynamic Changes in Rural China: the study of 1996 and 2006 National Agricultural Census by Bin , Peng ; Fanfani , Roberto ; Brasili, Cristina (2012) - The study of 1996 and 2006 national agricultural census in rural China not only demonstrate the improvements of rural China in the last ten years, but also reflect the necessities of targeted policies and projects to develop rural areas, hence to narrow down the social-economic inequalities existing within the rural and especially between rural and urban areas. Q01, Q1 Introduction: Recent changes in rural China The agriculture-based reforms greatly promote socioeconomic conditions in China. Keywords: agriculture; area; census; china; cluster; income; national; urban
• Sustainable use of eco-enzyme as biostimulants for enhancing yield and curcumin content in turmeric by Purwaningsih, Okti ; Wahid, Rahmat A Hi ; Karimatulhajj, Hanifah ; Hasanah, Nur Azizah Uswatun (2025) - Modulating rhizosphere colonisation, plant growth, soil nutrient availability and plant defense enzyme activity through Trichoderma viride-Azotobacter chroococcum biofilm inoculation in chickpea. Additionally, the agronomic characteristics of turmeric plants cultivated in an environmentally friendly manner were examined. Keywords: agriculture; content; curcumin; eco; enzyme; growth; journal; plants; soil; study; turmeric; weight
• Econometric analysis of factors affecting sugar supply in Indonesia a simultaneous equations approach by Rizal (2025) - These persistent issues limit the capacity of domestic sugar production to meet national demand. Based on data from the Directorate General of Plantations and the World Bank Pink Sheet, domestic sugar prices in Indonesia are nearly 200 percent higher than international prices (Figure 2). Keywords: agriculture; analysis; elasticity; equation; factors; indonesia; journal; model; percent; prices; production; sugar; sugar supply; supply; test; variable; year
• The impact of digitalization on food security in G20 countries: An empirical assessment by Singh, Ajay Kumar ; Mishra, Vikash Kumar ; C, Dhanya (2025) - Increasing food prices are reducing food security (FS) (Gouvea et al., 2022). The impact of digitalization on food security in G20 countries: An empirical assessment Ajay Kumar Singha Vikash Kumar Mishrab Dhanya C.c aDepartment of Humanities and Social Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. bDepartment of Humanities and Liberal Arts, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India. Keywords: agriculture; asian; countries; ddi; development; digital; digitalization; dts; et al; food; food security; fsi; g20; impact; increase; index; indicators; journal; people; production; table; technologies
• Towards a resilient mango (Mangifera indica) industry in Central Luzon, Philippines: A case study of Nueva Ecija's development needs by Natividad, Nestor Dela Cruz ; Alvarez, Sarah Calma (2025) - The current farm practices of mango growers in Nueva Ecija regarding planting materials, cultural management, harvesting, postharvest, marketing, and financing were the focus of a descriptive quantitative research design. In this research, 10 members per association were chosen to represent mango growers from the municipalities/cities of Zaragoza, Rizal, Caranglan, Laur, Palayan City, General Mamerto Natividad, Gapan City, Peñaranda, General Tinio, Cabiao, and San Antonio. Keywords: agriculture; development; ecija; farm; fruit; growers; industry; journal; management; mango; mango growers; mango industry; materials; nueva; nueva ecija; philippines; postharvest; practices; production; quality
• Motivations for Women Involvement in Urban Agriculture in Nigeria by Adebisi , Adedayo ; Monisola , Tunde Afolabi (2012) - Urban women went into farming so as to maintain livelihoods and contribute to household incomes through subsistence production and they even sell surplus for cash (Hovorka, 2003). The implication of this is that large proportions of urban women farmers are public officers in the middle and low income levels who do not have enough education. Keywords: agriculture; areas; food; income; involvement; nigeria; study; towns; women
• Effect of climate change on agricultural productivity: A case study of Nigeria by Sikwela, Misery Mpuzu ; Aderemi, Timothy Ayomitunde (2025) - They highlight the importance of considering various climate change variables and technological factors when developing strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change on agriculture. The study reveals that climate change variables have a positive impact on agricultural productivity in the country. Keywords: access; agriculture; analysis; climate change; development; effect; food; impact; journal; nigeria; production; productivity; rainfall; sector; study; value; variables
• Assessing climate change impacts on cereal production: The role of fertilizer use and GMM-based estimation by Anam, Sayedul ; Rahman, Md. Azizur ; Hassan, Md. Arif ; Hossan, Md. Alamgir ; Kobra, Mst Khadijatul (2025) - Climate change impacts on cereal crops production in Pakistan: Evidence from cointegration analysis. Modelling the impacts of climate change on cereal crop production in East Africa: Evidence from heterogeneous panel cointegration analysis. Keywords: agriculture; cereal; cereal production; climate; climate change; countries; crop; emissions; fertilizer; food; impact; journal; production; productivity; rainfall; use; variables
• Households’ livelihood diversification and its influencing factors in the Vietnam’s smallholder mixed farming systems by Nam, Le Van ; Dung, Nguyen Tien ; Hung, Hoang Gia (2025) - The findings indicated that about 57.5% of smallholder households had a moderate level of livelihood diversification, indicating that the potential for household livelihood diversification exists but they still face barriers in accessing knowledge, techniques, and capital. Household livelihood diversification in rural Africa. Keywords: activities; agriculture; development; diversity; farm; households; income; journal; level; livelihood; livelihood diversification; sid; smallholders; study; vietnam
• Actor dynamics in farmland protection: A MACTOR analysis in Tasikmalaya, Indonesia by Faqihuddin, Faqihuddin; Soedarto, Teguh ; Hendrarini, Hamidah ; Mubarokah, Mubarokah (2025) - The study provides a novel approach to uncover alliances, conflicts, and power asymmetries among policy actors. In the final stage, convergence and divergence analyses are conducted to map alliances, conflicts, and power asymmetries among policy actors. Keywords: actors; agriculture; bapeda; development; farmer; farmland; influence; land; policy; protection; study
• Rural Development Practice in Nigeria: How Participatory and What Challenges? by Akpan , Nseabasi S (2012) - However, its relevance as a people- centered development approach was rediscovered in the 1970s in response to the rising awareness that previous approaches and practices of rural development did less to incorporate and empower local voices as well as placing them at the centre of local development initiatives. The world conference on agrarian reform and rural development (WCARRD-Rome, 1979) fundamentally contributed in pushing participatory rural development to the frontline of development practice in the 1980s and 1990s when it declared participation by rural people in the institutions that govern their lives as a basic human right: „if rural development was to realize its potential, disadvantaged rural people had to be organized and actively involved in designing policies and programmes and in controlling social and economic institutions. Keywords: agriculture; areas; colonial; development; development plan; development practice; government; national; nigeria; participation; participatory; plan; practice; programmes
• Transforming serayu sediment into compost-amended medium for soybean cultivation by Suyadi, Aman ; Suratman, Didit Agustinus ; Pribadi, Teguh (2025) - In turn, this study addresses the research gap through an integrated evaluation: (1) physicochemical characterization of Serayu sediment from three locations, and (2) comparative testing of 12 media formulations (sediment ± compost, zeolite, biochar) on soybean growth and yield. The weight of 100 soybean seeds in various planting media treatments. Keywords: abc; agriculture; biochar; compost; development; growth; journal; media; medium; nutrient; planting; river; root; sediment; soil; treatments
• Rural Development in Bangladesh since Independence: A Study on Progress and Performance by Hossain , Mohammad Ismail ; Begum , Mst Esmat Ara Begum ; Papadopoulou , Eleni ; Semos, Anastasios (2012) - A study by Ahmad and Hossain (1983) estimated that the number of poor households in rural Bangladesh remained almost stagnant at 75 percent during 1963-64 to 1973-74, but increased to 84 percent in 1976- 77, after the famine in 1974-75. Keywords: Rural development, progress, performance, poverty reduction, Bangladesh Introduction One of the major thrusts of the economic development of Bangladesh since her Independence in 1971 has been and continues to be the rural development programs and policies. Keywords: agriculture; bangladesh; development; economic; government; growth; income; percent; plan; planning; poverty; rice; sector; year
• Econometric Analysis of Food Crops’ Response to Climate Variability and Macroeconomic Policies’ Reforms in Nigeria (1978-2009) by O, Onoja Anthony; E. N, Ajie (2012) - Abstract This study investigated the extent to which climate variability (proxied by rainfall variability) and macroeconomic policies influenced food crop output in Nigeria. Conclusion Against the backdrop of continuous announcements of budgetary allocations to agriculture and launching of several agricultural programmes, some sponsored by World Bank and international development agencies others in collaboration with Nigerian Federal and State governments, and all, in a bid to address the problem of food scarcity, food insecurity or food importation in Nigeria, this study was designed to find out to what extent such funds and various eras of government reform programmes (deregulation in the shades of SAP and economic reforms of both military and civilian regimes) fared in changing the level of food crop output in Nigeria. Keywords: agriculture; crop; food; model; nigeria; output; percent; policies; research; sector; test
• Restoring the Health of Paddy Soil by Using Straw Compost and Biofertilizers to Increase Fertilizer Efficiency and Rice Production with Sobari (System of Organic Based Aerobic Rice Intensification) Technology by Turmuktini , Tien ; Kantikowati , Endang ; Natalie, Betty ; Setiawati, Mieke ; Yuwariah, Yuyun; Joy , Benny ; Simarmata , Tualar (2012) - Improved results show that with the contribution of organic fertilizer bio fertilizer and straw compost could substitute inorganic Restoring the Health of Paddy Soil by Using.... 525 fertilizer 20% to 40%. Sub plots consisted of 5 standard: organic fertilizer N, P and K (100%, 90%, 80%, 70% and 60% of recommended dosage). Keywords: agriculture; bio; compost; fertilizer; number; rice; soil; straw
• Management of Water Saving and Organic based Fertilizers Technology for Remediation and Maintaining the Health of Paddy Soils and To Increase the Sustainability of Rice Productivity in Indonesia by Turmuktini , Tien ; Simarmata , Tualar ; Joy , Benny; Resmini , Ania Citra (2012) - The widely used of fertilization methods in SOBARI to produce about 8 – 12 ton rice grain yield (targeted production) are as follow; (1) the incorporation of rice straw or straw compost is done during the land preparation, (2) one day or before transplanting about 50 kg of urea, 25 kg KCL and 50 kg SP- 36 (as alternative is 50 kg urea and 100 kg NPK) were applied into soil, (3) application of about 50 - 100 kg urea is done at 18 – 21 days after transplanting or after the first weeding (leaf colour chart can be used as indicator to determine the nitrogen rate), (4) 50 - 100 kg urea and 25 - 50 kg KCl or 50 kg urea and 100 – 150 kg NPK (16:16:16) is applied 35 – 38 days after transplanting. Rice straw is derived from plant residues and it contains all essential plant nutrients (macro and micronutrients) and chemical energy resulted from photosynthesis. Keywords: agriculture; application; compost; fertilizers; health; indonesia; management; nutrients; paddy; plant; rice; simarmata; sobari; soil; straw; system; water
• The Impact of Agriculture Credit on Growth in Pakistan by Akmal , Nadeem ; Rehman , Bushra ; Ali , Akhtar; Shah , Hassnain (2012) - The coefficient for agricultural credit is positive and significant at 1 percent level and suggests that institutional credit affect agricultural production positively. This study is designed to analyze the impact of agriculture credit on growth. Keywords: agriculture; credit; growth; impact; pakistan; percent
• Rural Women in Livestock and Fisheries Production Activities: an Empirical Study on Some Selected Coastal Villages in Bangladesh by Rashid , Md. Mamun-ur; Gao , Qijie (2012) - Women participation in agriculture has increased from 58 percent in 2000 to 66 percent in 2008. This study strongly believes that to become successful with such interventions women participation in both of these sectors need to be underpinned properly. Keywords: activities; agriculture; bangladesh; development; family; fisheries; livestock; participation; production; women; women‟s
• Response of Grain Weight of Maize to Variety, Organic Manure and Inorganic Fertilizer in Asaba Area of Delta State by E. C, Enujeke (2013) - The report further argued that poultry dropping and cattle dung increases root growth of maize and the crop extracts soil water more efficiently for increased grain yield. Municipal wastes were reported to have reduced soil temperature, increased soil water, nutrient status and the yield of maize in temperate soils (Movahedi et al., 2000). Keywords: agriculture; development; fertilizer; grain; journal; maize; manure; nigeria; poultry; soil; variety; weight; yield
• How well do NEEDS and NPIRD Hang together? – An Essay on Policy Coherence by Noel, Ihebuzor A ; Rex, Ukaejiofo U (2013) - Such a study into policy coherence is important since finding from it could lead to a better understanding of why and how policies align and the contributory factors to such a felicitous condition. Noticeable by its relative neglect is the issue of policy coherence, an issue that one would have expected to engage the attention policy scholars given the need for different policies within and across sectors to cohere in the interest of policy effectiveness and efficiency. Keywords: agriculture; areas; coherence; development; implementation; national; needs; npird; objectives; policies; policy; policy coherence; rural; sector
• Factors Associated with Dynamic Changes in Japanese Agriculture: Farm Discontinuation and Entry Using the Individual 2005 and 2010 Census of Agriculture by Kurihara, Shinichi ; Shimoura , Shimpei ; Maruyama , Atsushi ; Luloff , A. E (2013) - As for the analysis of entrant farm households, 23,815 unknown farm households and 2 households lacking information on the household members were omitted from the 1,631,206 commercial farm households in the 2010 census, resulting in 1,607,389 households (of which entrant farm households were 86,599 households and continuing farm households amounted 1,520,790 households). However, there was a relatively large difference in the procurement of successors living in the household, with the portion of entrant farm households with successors (32.6%) roughly 10% lower than of continuing farm households (42.1%). Keywords: agriculture; c o; e n; farm; households; m e; o r; r e; u m
• Accounting for Training Effectiveness: The Case of MIDA Training in Enterprise and Commercial Agriculture on Behaviour and Practices of Rice Farmer-Based Organisations by C. K, Osei; J. A, Bakang; F, Nimoh (2013) - The results reinforces the view that focus on Organisational Capacity Building modules, Technical Capacity and Business Development modules, are important in FBO training programmes in Ghana. Given the increasing importance of OCB practices in strengthening FBOs in Ghana, this result reinforces the view that continued focus on OCB activities will be important in FBO training programmes. Keywords: agriculture; behaviour; development; farmer; fbo; fetca; knowledge; members; programme; training
• Characterization and Dynamics of Agrarian Structures in Bouna, Northeast of Côte d'Ivoire by Coulibaly, Seïdou ; Patrice, Kouadio Koffi ; Eric, Kwadjo Koffi ; Jean, Biemi ; Albert, Yao-Kouame (2013) - It is about the transformations of bare soil areas (habitats and areas of crops) and fallows constituting agrarian structures. 2. crossing agrarian structures map and the soil types. Keywords: agrarian; agriculture; area; côte; data; development; land; map; population; rural; soil; structures; study
• Effects of Agricultural Input Assistance on Households Affected by HIV/AIDS: A Case of Chirumanzu Communal Area by Jackqeline, Mutambara ; Mwakiwa, Emmanuel ; Mumaniki, Charity (2013) - This study was designed to ascertain the effect of humanitarian and developmental aid programmes on vulnerable households affected by HIV/AIDS. Some cases of improper inputs that were distributed to vulnerable households have been reported, although there is no data to dispute such claims. Keywords: agriculture; aids; development; donations; hiv; households; inputs; maize; production; season; zimbabwe
• Effects of Variety and Spacing on Percentage (%) Emergence and Grain Weight of Maize in Asaba Area of Delta State by E. C, Enujeke (2013) - This is similar to the findings of Sukanya et al. (1998); Iken and Anusa (2004) who reported that because of the differences in yield potential of ecological zones, high yielding maize varieties can only express their full genetic potentials when offered optimum management resources, which starts with the right choice of site through timely and appropriate establishment, nutrition, disease and pest control to proper harvesting procedure, and produce disposal and/or storage. Abstract This study was carried out in the Teaching and Research Farm of Delta State University, Asaba Campus from March 2008 to December 2009 to evaluate the response of maize varieties to three different plant spacings. Keywords: agriculture; asaba; emergence; grain; journal; maize; soil; spacing; varieties; variety; weight
• Screening Green Manure Cover Crops for their Allelopathic Effects on Some Important Weeds Found in Zimbabwe by M, Runzika; J. T, Rugare; S, Mabasa (2013) - A delay in weed emergence may give enough time to the crop to grow before it is harmed by the weeds (Hartzler, 2003). Green Manure Cover Crops (GMCCs), which improve soil fertility and reduce weeds through allelopathy, are likely to reduce the cost of weed control in these areas. Keywords: agriculture; bean; control; effect; emergence; germination; gmccs; indica; pilosa; weed
• The Climate Change Dynamics and its Impact on the Wheat Productivity in Pakistan: A VAR Approach by Mehmood, Naveed ; Khalil, Samina (2013) - Rao and Sinha (1994), study the impact of climate change on wheat productivity and show that wheat productivity could decrease between 28 percent to 68 percent excluding the CO2 fertilization effect and would range between +4.0 percent to -34 percent if the CO2 fertilization effect is included. The model is stated as follows: Yield kg/hectare = β• +β1 lntemperature hike + β2 lnhumidity+ β2 lnCO2+ β3 lnprecipitation+ β4 lnfertilizer off-take+ β5 lnwheat land+ εt Table 5: Impact of climate change on wheat productivity Variable Coefficient Std. Keywords: agriculture; climate; climate change; co2; impact; lnwhtpro; pakistan; percent; productivity; temperature; variables; wheat; wheat productivity
• Effects of Continuous Cultivation of Soil on Termites (Isoptera) Diversity and Abundance in Savannas of Northern of Côte d’Ivoire by Ténon, Coulibaly; Jean-Pierre, Boga; Ahoua , YAPI ; Philippe, Kouassi Kouassi (2013) - Termites sampling Termites were sampled using a standardized method designed for rapid assessment of termite diversity by Jones and Eggleton (2000). Sea sonality of soil termites in a humid tropical forest, Mbalmayo, southern Cameroon. Keywords: abundance; agriculture; cultivation; côte; development; diversity; feeders; group; journal; pcr; plots; r s; rural; savanna; soil; species; termites
• Time Series Analysis of Wheat flour Price Shocks in Pakistan: A Case Analysis by Abdi, Asad Raza ; Halepoto, Ali Hassan; Shah, Aisha Bashir ; Shaikh, Faiz M (2013) - Wheat in Pakistan Pakistan has been divided into ten production zones because of great agro ecological areas where wheat is grown. The current research explores the wheat prices shocks and wheat flour prices in Pakistan. Keywords: agriculture; food; journal; pakistan; price; wheat
• Analysis of Cassava Product (Garri) Marketing in Ekiti Local Government Area, Kwara State, Nigeria by Amos, Olasore Abiodun ; Imam, Rauf Saliu; Idowu , Alao Bashir ; Mubarak, Abdulraheem Ayinla (2013) - Table 2: Marketing performance of cassava trader Variable Frequency Percentage Market Entry and Exit Free entry Restricted Total 135 15 150 90.0 10.0 100 Cassava Processed Products Garri Cassava flour (Lafun) Both Total 114 22 14 150 76.0 14.7 9.3 100 Source of Information Fellow traders Extension agents Trade unions Internet/Journal Total 88 22 35 5 150 58.7 14.7 23.3 3.3 100 Source: Field survey, 2012 Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve analysis results Gini Coefficient for cassava product traders in the study area was estimated to be 0.624 or 62.4%. Keywords: agriculture; cassava; development; journal; nigeria; sales; state; total; traders

• An Analysis of Competitiveness and Government Policies Impact on Development of Cocoa Farming in Indonesia by Emelda, Andi; Asrul , Laode; Mappigau, Palmarudi (2014) - In 2011, total of cacao production was 173.555 ton in 270.060 acre. However, fact shows that many policies is not followed by cacao production and quality in world trade. Keywords: cacao; government; input; means; policy; price; production; value
• Determining the Role of Inefficiency on Elasticity of Output Supply and Input Demand: A Case Study of Irrigated Wheat in 27 provinces of Iran by Garshasbi, Alireza ; Khosropour, Hossein ; Rahimian, Narges; Behrooz, Aref; Sedighi, Somaye (2014) - Where: W is the vector of inputs price, X is the vector of inputs observed at point P, X̂ is the vector of a technically efficient input (point Q) and *X is demonstrator of input vector with the minimal cost ( Q point). As before, inputs includes under cultivating level of wheat (X1), seed ( X2), labor force (X3), poisons (X4), animal fertilizer (X5), chemical fertilizer (X6) and inputs price also includes renting price of land (W1), seed price (W2), labor force wage (W3), poisons price (W4), animal fertilizer price (W5) and chemical fertilizer price (W6). Keywords: efficiency; inputs; lnp; price; production; supply; wheat;  ;  
• A Study on Regional Specialization of China’s Agricultural Production: Recent Trends and Drivers by Ma, Meilin ; Steinbach, Sandro ; Wu, Junqian (2014) - In the next section, we discuss the literature re- levant to agricultural specialization and comparative advantages of China’s regions. There are a number of key factors that negatively affect agricultural specialization in China. Keywords: advantages; agricultural; china; data; development; index; journal; national; percent; production; regions; rural; specialization; statistics
• Growth and Trend in Area, Production and Yield of Major Crops of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan by Abid, Saleem ; Shah, Nisar Ali; Hassan , Abdul ; Farooq, Arshad ; Masood, M Asif (2014) - Varietal adoption effect on wheat crop production in irrigated areas of NWFP. Growth rates are commonly used as summaries of trends in time series data. Keywords: area; crop; growth; production; yield
• Estimation of Cost and Return of Plantain Production in Orhionwon Local Government Area, Edo State, Nigeria by A. I. N, Kaine; Okoje, L. J. D (2014) - Since plantain production is affected by farm size and since majority of the farmers are small-holder farmers, it is recommended that plantain farmers should form co- operative groups and pull their resources together to maximize their production possibility frontier. Abstract The study examined the cost and return of plantain production in Orhionmwon Local Government Area, Edo State. Keywords: area; cost; farm; plantain; production; size; study
• Determination of Efficacy of Metalaxyl Seed Treatment Fungicide on Incidence of Sorghum Diseases and Its Cost-Benefit in Borno State of Nigeria by B. I. , Richard,; G. O. S, Ojo; T. Y, Maina (2014) - Sorghum diseases like anthracnose, downy mildew, sooty stripe, leaf blight, charcoal rot, smuts and oval leaf spot are biotic factors that limit sorghum production in the Semi-arid areas of the World. In 2001 and 2002 cropping seasons, field experiments were conducted in a split-pot using randomized complete block design to determine the efficacy of Metalaxyl fungicide and it cost- benefit on incidence of sorghum diseases in Borno State at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Department of crop protection, University of Maiduguri. Keywords: cost; crop; genotypes; incidence; production; sorghum; untreated; yield
• Economics of Labour Use in Selected Food Crop Farming in Ogun State, Nigeria by Adewuyi , S. A; Fapojuwo , O. E; Sowemimo , S. H (2014) - In view of the Federal Government policy on food production that this research was conducted to determine the cost magnitude of food crop production in Ogun State. Abstract The study evaluates economic analysis of labour use in food crops production in Ogun state, Nigeria. Keywords: cost; crop; farm; food; labour; nigeria; production; size; total
• Effects of Paddy Price Support Withdrawal on Malaysian Rice Sector: Time Series Econometric Approach by Suleiman , Umar Haruna ; Abdullah, Amin Mahir ; Shamsudin , Mad Nasir ; Mohamed, Zainal Abidin (2014) - The global instability in rice prices experienced in early 1970 and middle of 1980 reinforced the necessity for the state intervention. Hence, the objective of this study is to simulate the effects of alternative rice sector policy (that is paddy price support withdrawal policy) on the nation rice output, consumption level, paddy farm price and rice import quantity in the country. Keywords: equation; level; paddy; policy; price; production; run; sector; subsidy; support; table; variables
• Technical and Economic Efficiency of Rice Production in the Kou Valley (Burkina Faso): Stochastic Frontier Approach by Ouedraogo, Souleymane (2015) - INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS Published by: Asian Economic and Social Society ISSN (P): 2304-1455, ISSN (E): 2224-4433 Volume 5(2)2015, www.aessweb.com 53 TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF RICE PRODUCTION IN THE KOU VALLEY (BURKINA FASO): STOCHASTIC FRONTIER APPROACH Souleymane Ouedraogo Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA), 01 BP 476 03 Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso Results show that farm size, fertilizer used, years of experience and literacy are the explicative factors of rice production in the Kou valley. Keywords: allocative; cost; efficiency; frontier; function; journal; level; producers; production; rice
• Technical Efficiency of Irrigated Rice Production in Burkina Faso Water Control Infrastructures: A Stochastic Frontier Approach by Kabore, Daniel P (2016) - This indicates a direct relationship between these factors and the quantity of irrigated rice production: an increase in the quantity of chemical fertilizers of 1% results in an increase of 9% in rice production. Ouédraogo (2015) studied rice production efficiency in Burkina Faso but for the single site of Kou dam while Kaboré (2011) used the National Agriculture Census data, collected not only on governmental water scheme sites but also on any wetland where rice is produced, to analyze rice production efficiency in Burkina Faso. Keywords: burkina; efficiency; faso; household; irrigation; kou; production; rice; rice production; system
• Estimating compound growth rate, instability index and annual fluctuation of cotton in Pakistan by Rani, Saima ; Habib, Nusrat ; Raza , Irum; Zahra , Naheed (2017) - There is a significant increase in cotton production during the last decade but still potential yield has not yet been exploited. Contribution/ Originality This paper has attempted to assess the growth rates of cotton yield, area and production over the year and calculate the instability index over the year in the case of Pakistan. Keywords: area; cotton; pakistan; production; year; yield
• The Economic Impact of Stall Feeding on Cow Milk Production and Calf Death: Empirical Evidence from Northern Ethiopia by Hadush, Muuz ; Hagos, Berhe Gebregewergs (2018) - The economic impact of stall feeding on cow milk production and calf death: empirical evidence from Northern Ethiopia. Factors such as climate variability, low-quality feed, lower management, low genetic potential for milk production, and high incidence of disease resulted lower milk yields and shorter lactations in developing countries including Ethiopia (FAO, 2018; Ngeno, 2018; Ojango et al., 2016; Adane et al., 2015; Tegegne et al., 2013). Keywords: calf; cow; dairy; death; et al; ethiopia; feeding; grazing; impact; milk; participation; production; stall; view
• Trends and Variability of Wheat Crop in Pakistan by Abid, Saleem ; Masood, M Asif ; Anwar, M Zubair ; Zahid, Saleem ; Raza, Irum (2019) - Mostly the variation in wheat production was due to the fluctuations in wheat area and their yield. It was also exposed from the results that the compound growth rate of wheat production for Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, Sindh and Baluchistan were 0.76, 2.87, 1.98 and 2.00 percent respectively, which explain that the production of wheat crop in the four provinces were increased at the rate of 0.76, 2.87, 1.98 and 2.00 percent per annum. Keywords: area; crop; pakistan; production; variability; wheat; yield
• Forecasting Wheat Production Using Time Series Models in Pakistan by Masood, M Asif; Raza, Irum ; Abid, Saleem (2019) - The estimates of wheat production were 25.750 million tonnes in 2016 which was 0.5 percent higher than previous year wheat production that is 25.633 million tonnes. Forecasting wheat production using time series models in Pakistan. Keywords: arima; forecasting; journal; pakistan; production; wheat
• Macroeconomic Variables Affecting Fish Production in Nigeria by Udoh, Edet Joshua ; Akpan , Sunday Brownson (2019) - Hence any policy that increases the per capita GDP will have a direct impact on captured fish production in Nigeria in both short and long runs. Macroeconomic variables affecting fish production in Nigeria. Keywords: aquaculture; development; fish; fish production; fishery; growth; journal; nigeria; output; production; rate; run; sector; sub; test; variables
• Growth Optima and Supply-Chain of the Walnut Crop in India by Hassan, Bakhtaver; Bhattacharjee, Mahua; Wani, Shabir A (2020) - Marketing channels and efficiency model To identify the channels involved in the marketing efficiency of the supply-chain of walnut in Jammu and Kashmir, mapping was done. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10(2)2020: 708-720 717 Channel III Table 5: Marketing cost, marketing margin and price spread of the three channels in USD1 Channel I Channel II Channel III Net price received by producer per tonne in INR 2520(75.6) 2246(67.4) 1982.6(59.48) Marketing cost incurred by a producer 126.67(3.8) 120.67(3.62) 122(3.66) Keywords: channel; cost; crop; growth; jammu; kashmir; marketing; percent; production; variability; walnut
• Maize Output Supply Response to Climatic and other Input Variables in Ethiopia by Tirfi, Abera Gayesa ; Oyekale, Abayomi Samuel (2021) - The adjusted R2 value of 0.955 in maize output model implies that 95.5% of the variation in maize output is explained by the climatic and non-climatic variables included in the model. The presence of long-run equilibrium was found between maize output and temperature, rainfall, and other included variables. Keywords: area; ethiopia; log; maize; maize output; model; output; production; rainfall; run; variables
• Effects of varieties and seasons on cost efficiency in rice farming: A stochastic metafrontier approach by Ho, Phuc Trong ; Hung, Pham Xuan ; Tien, Nguyen Duc (2023) - Rice production costs vary substantially across rice varieties and cropping seasons; however, the effects of rice varieties and cropping seasons on the cost efficiency of rice farming have not been given much attention by researchers. This paper makes the following contributions to the literature: (1) it is the first paper employing the stochastic metafrontier approach, which allows the researcher to control for the technology gap due to the differences in rice variety groups and seasons and thus assess the impacts of varieties and seasons on rice farming CE in Vietnam. Keywords: adopter; autumn; cost; efficiency; frontier; group; mean; production; rice; seasons; variety; winter; 𝑊𝑗𝑖
• Assessing the determinants of agricultural productivity in Somalia: An application of an ARDL model by Samatar, Elmi Hassan (2023) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 154 Assessing the determinants of agricultural productivity in Somalia: An application of an ARDL model Elmi Hassan Samatar Independent Scholar, Mogadishu, Somalia. This study delves into the factors that boost agricultural productivity while taking five macroeconomic variables into account. Keywords: agricultural; ardl; development; employment; land; model; percent; production; productivity; run; sector; somalia; variables; world
• Food Security in Nigeria: Government’s Intervention and the Place of Effective Storage by J. A. , Adegbola; E. I., Bamishaiye; A. M. , Daura (2011) - Food security in Nigeria: government’s intervention….. 59 As part of effort to make Nigeria food secured the government established various agricultural research institutes. Year Food production Food demand Food deficit Food import Wastage 1995 89.23 89.53 0.30 0.57 0.27 1996 93.05 96.27 3.20 3.25 3.25 1997 93.05 99.06 3.53 3.59 3.59 1998 97.64 100.77 3.13 3.27 3.27 1999 100.40 104.60 4.20 4.43 4.43 2000 101.11 106.40 5.35 5.51 5.51 Source: Edokpa and Okafor (2009) Keywords: agricultural; crops; development; food; food security; institute; nigeria; production; products; research; security; storage
• Revolutionizing the circular economy: Exploring the viability of used coffee grounds in the design and development of eco-friendly products by Armas, Kenneth Lucto (2023) - Dimension Description of test conducted Plantable pencil Traditional pencil 1. This study sets forth the practical considerations required for the successful commercialization and acceptance of plantable coffee pencils, further promoting a circular economy. Keywords: coffee; coffee grounds; coffee pencils; commercialization; cost; grounds; pencils; potential; production
• Effects of agricultural grade nutrient modulation on the biomass production and carbon fixation rate of Isochrysis sp. microalgae by Rashid, Nurfilza Zaheera Muhammad Nor ; Radzun, Khairul Adzfa ; Saharuddin, Aimi Nadia; Rusmidi, Muhamad Helmi Husaini ; Ismail, Asmida; Razak, Wan Razarinah Wan Abdul ; Pardi, Faezah ; Ismail, Khudzir ; Jawad, Ali H; Yahya, Liyana (2023) - To conclude, cultivation media and other environmental factors are imperative to achieve higher microalga growth and biomass production. It is also important to note that the TNBR - OM produced higher biomass with a significant amount of protein composition compared to the AG F/2 medium. Keywords: biomass; carbon; co2; concentration; growth; isochrysis; medium; microalgae; production; rate; screen; tnbr
• The Analysis of Productivity Growth of Tuber Crops in Nigeria (1995-2006) by L. T, Ogunniyi; A. O, Ajao (2012) - Similarly, we can measure Malmquist productivity index with period t+1 as reference as follows: It was observed that the technological change been positive was responsible for the only TFP growth that we have in Kaduna State, other states like Kaduna with increased efficiency change such as Adamawa, Bayelsa, Ekiti, Ermgu, Lagos, Ondo, Oyo and Rivers tend to still have a negative TFP growth , This shows how Important is it to have the efficiency and technological change in increased form to be able to have a high TFP as clearly demonstrated in Kaduna . Keywords: change; efficiency; growth; index; malmquist; nigeria; production; productivity; tfp
• Growth, Instability and Price Flexibility of Major Pulses in Pakistan by Rani, Saima; Shah , Hassnain ; Ali , Akhter ; Rehman , Bushra (2012) - Coefficient Gram Masoor Mung Mash R2 Gram 0.58 0.98 (1.95)* -1.38 (-2.90)*** - - 29.60% Masoor 1.91 1.03 (2.22)** -1.77 (-4.04)*** - - 42.10% Mung -1.91 - - 1.24 (11.78)*** -0.26 (-1.54)* 90.20% Mash -1.00 - - 1.22 (11.56)*** -0.49 (2.85)*** 91.20% Note: ***, ** and * indicate significant at 1%, 5% and 10% level The price flexibility analysis reveals that the relation of price ad production of gram and mung was positive it may be because these are that major pulses of their respective season also having the high demand. The results show that Production of mung also having positive relationship with the price of mash because whenever the production of mung increase than it means that mash price also increases. Keywords: area; gram; masoor; price; production; pulses; year; yield
• A Comparative Study of Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency in Dominant Black Strain, Fulani Ecotype Chicken and Progeny from their Reciprocal Crosses by F. E, Sola-Ojo; K. L, Ayorinde; A. A, Toye (2012) - At the 7th week of age there were no significant differences in Body weight of DBXDB and DBXFE, and also, no significant differences existed in body weight between DBXDB and FEXDB at 19 weeks of age. The following model was used: Yij = µi + ai+ eij Where Yij = body weight measurements µ= overall mean ai = effect of i th genotype eij= random residual error Results and Discussions The means of body weight of FE, DB, and their reciprocal crosses (DBXFE and FEXDB) from week 1 to weeks are presented in Table 1. Keywords: body; chicken; ecotype; fexdb; fulani; production; weeks; weight
• Exploring the relation between farmer organization and welfare using propensity score matching approach: Evidence from madurese traditional salt farmers in indonesia by Prihantini, Campina Illa; AR, Nuhfil Hanani ; Syafrial; Asmara, Rosihan (2024) - Empirical findings confirm a positive relation between participation in salt farmer groups and prosperity of salt farmers on Madura Island. This research focuses on examining the significance of Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 14(3) 2024: 108-118 116 involvement in salt farmer groups in shaping salt farming practices and the well-being of farmers in the Indonesian salt sector. Keywords: development; education; farming; groups; kugar; land; members; model; participation; production; salt; salt farmers; value; variable
• Palm sugar business development model through mold-making by Purbaningsih, Yuli ; Helviani; Sinaini, La ; Nursalam; Kasmin, Muh Obi (2025) - Optimizing the expertise and skills of processors to innovate palm sugar products, along with maximizing government support in introducing palm sugar products and product development through local or national events and exhibitions (Agus, Saleh, & Harjito, 2020). This has an impact on increasing the amount of palm sugar production in one production process. Keywords: business; development; industry; model; mold; palm; palm sugar; process; production; research; sugar; sugar business
• Management of GI-certified agricultural products and their contribution to household income in rural thailand by Kamthonkiat, Daroonwan (2025) - The relationship between GI products and incomes was first investigated in the European Union (EU) for wine, cheese, and olives (Crescenzi, De Filippis, Giua, & Vaquero-Piñeiro, 2022; Poetschki, Peerlings, & Dries, 2021) and then expanded to other regions and certified crops such as fruit crops, rice, coffee, beans, and so on (Dogan, 2024; Ingole, Kumar, Jadhav, & Kulkarni, 2023; Petruang & Napasintuwong, 2022). One certified producer per GI product was targeted, aiming to cover at least 50% of the registered products across all Thai regions. Keywords: dependency; development; gi products; household; income; levels; management; medium; pfv; producers; production; products; rice
• Estimation of a Mechanization Index and Its Impact on Energy and Economic Factors in Apple Orchard in Iran by Fadavi, Raheleh ; Keyhani , Alireza ; Mohtasebi, Seyyed Saied (2012) - Thus, efficient use of energy inputs is of prompt importance in terms of sustainable farming. In order to calculate inputs energy needed for irrigation (required energy for pumping water), Eq. Keywords: apple; economic; energy; inputs; journal; level; mechanization; orchards; production; productivity; total; use
• Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Adoption of Soya Bean Production Technologies in Takum Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria by S. B, Mustapha; A. A, Makinta; B. A, Zongoma; A. S., Iwan, (2012) - The study showed that the educational level, farming experience and sources of information had significantly and positively influenced the adoption of improved soya bean production technologies by respondents. 271-276 276 Table 3: Multiple regression results of the effect of socio-economic characteristics on adoption of soya bean farm technologies by respondents Variable Co-efficient Std Error t-value Significance Age (x1) - 0.0047 1.137 2.037** 0.045 Sex (x2) 0.0990 0.021 4.309NS 0.000 Household size (x3) 0.023 0.068 0.965NS 0.337 Sources of information (x4) 0.0-132 0.057 2.024** 0.023 Farm size (x5) - 0.083 0.047 -3.543*** 0.001 Farming experience (x6) 0.046 0.214 0.036** 0.051 Educational level (x7) 0.40 0.010 1.758* 0.082 R2 0.846 Adjusted R2 0.819 F – value 5.720** Source: Field survey, 2010 *** significant at 1% level ** significant at 5% level * significant at 10% level NS Statistically insignificant Table 4: Constraints against adoption of improved soya bean production technologies by respondents (N=180) Agreed Disagreed Constraints Frequency (No.) Keywords: adoption; bean; nigeria; production; respondents; soya; study; technologies
• An Analysis of Improving Energy use with Data Envelopment Analysis in Apple Orchard by Fadavi, Raheleh; Naiemeh Samavatean, Naiemeh Samavatean; Keyhani, Alireza ; Mohtasebi, Seyyed Saied (2012) - Nassiri and Singh (2009), analyzed energy use efficiency, In this paper (DEA) technique was subjected to data of paddy producers in Punjab state (India), Technical, pure technical and scale efficiencies were calculated (by using CCR and BCC models) for farmers category-wise and zone-wise. Energy ratio (energy use efficiency) and energy productivity were calculated as Eq. Keywords: analysis; apple; data; dea; dmus; efficiency; energy; inputs; output; production; scale; technical; total; use
• Navigating climate change with bt corn: A study of efficiency in Philippine corn production by Jayme, Aphril Easter Sunday Jaemi Manuel ; Lee, Yoonsuk (2025) - By comparing production trends prior to and following the adoption of Bt corn, this method isolates the impact of the policy from other time-related factors that may influence corn production. The ITSA model is specified as follows: 𝑌𝑡 =  0 +  1 𝑋𝑡 +  2 𝐵𝑡𝑡 +  3 (𝑋𝑡 ∙ 𝐵𝑡𝑡) + 𝑡 (2) Where 𝑌𝑡 is the volume of corn production in the Philippines at time t, 𝑋𝑡 represents inputs at time t,𝐵𝑡𝑡 is a dummy variable that takes the value 0 (before Bt corn) and 1 (After Bt corn). Keywords: bt corn; change; climate; corn; efficiency; index; philippines; production; region; study; table; use
• Influence of led supplemental lighting on aeroponic potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) minitubers production by Dulay, Alvin C; Somera-Almerol, Carolyn Grace G; Badua, Sylvester A; Fabula, Jonathan V; Mateo, Wendy C (2025) - Furthermore, our study is in contrast with the report that potato plants yield the most when they were transplanted and grow in the early stage under short days, which is believed to have begun with a significant number of tubers early in their growth, and then changed to a sustained illumination, in experiments where they were transferred between environments to a 12 hours photoperiod and continuous lighting (Ishartati et al., 2017). Morphogenesis of potato plants in vitro. Keywords: greenhouse; growth; hours; journal; light; lighting; minitubers; number; plant; plantlets; potato; production; supplemental
• Economic Analysis of Floricultural Plants Production in Kwara State, North Central Nigeria by A, Muhammad-Lawal; A. H, Adenuga; K. B, Olatinwo; T. A, Saadu (2012) - This study therefore carried out an assessment of the economics of floricultural plants production in Kwara State, Nigeria. It also assessed the determinants of returns to floricultural plant production in the state. Keywords: farm; floricultural; labour; nigeria; plants; production; returns; state; study; total
• Rural Dwellers’ Perception of Human Trafficking and its Implication for Agricultural Production in Edo State, Nigeria by A. U, Ofuoku; U. N, Uzokwe (2012) - Table 5: Human trafficking effect on agriculture Variables Score Mean (x) Shortage of farm labor 418 3.48 Decrease in farm size 3.5 2.92 Decrease in farm income 378 3.15 Farm output 370 3.08 Extra expenditure on hired labor 382 3.18 Shortage of food supply by the community 341 2.84 Cut-off score = 2.50 (> 2.50 an effect, >2.50 not an effect) Test of Hypothesis Ho1: Human trafficking has no significant effect on agriculture in the study area. It is observed from the data collected that majority (55%) of the household heads had less than 3 of their household members trafficked, while 30% of them had household trafficked between 4 – 6 persons, 8.3% of them had trafficked household ranging from 7 – 9 persons and 6.7% of them had trafficked household ranging from 10 – 12 persons in the study area. Keywords: edo; farm; food; household; human; nigeria; production; trafficked; trafficking; women
• Economics of Tea Production in Pakistan by Rehman , Bushra ; Akmal , Nadeem ; Khan , Muhammad Azeem; Rani , Saima (2012) - The long-term viability of tea production in Pakistan will inevitably depend on its security situation; both Baluchistan and the North-West Frontier Province in which Mansehra falls have experienced ongoing instability as a side effect of the conflict in Afghanistan. One of the main problem is there is no record of tea production in Pakistan. Keywords: acre; cost; cultivation; pakistan; processing; production; research; tea; year
• Comparative Studies of Two Nigerian Ecotypes Chicken Kept in Battery Cages for Laying Performance and Egg Quality Traits by F. E, Sola-Ojo; K. L, Ayorinde; A. A, Toye; O. M, Jatto (2013) - Conclusively, these groups of indigenous chicken are better adapted and are resistant to some prevailing environmental condition, thus there is need to utilize these indigenous chicken ecotype in development of egg line chicken for better production in the harsh tropical environment. Nigeria indigenous chicken are lacking in uniformity, they possess a measure of within group uniformity that are peculiar. Keywords: chicken; egg; eggs; ilorin; nigeria; poultry; production; quality; traits; weight
• Evaluation of Income and Employment Generation from Cassava Value Chain in the Nigerian Agricultural Sector by Olukunle , Oni Timothy (2013) - Therefore the paper analyzed the capacity of cassava value chain to create new jobs and generate increased income and employment in the economy. Governance mechanisms in cassava value chain were still underdeveloped. Keywords: cassava; cassava value; cent; cost; development; employment; income; industrial; nigeria; production; scale; stage; total; value chain
• Socioeconomic and Ecological Dimension of Certified and Conventional Arabica Coffee Production in North Sumatra, Indonesia by Saragih , Jef Rudiantho (2013) - Coffee is a national leading commodity (Ministry of Agriculture/MoA, 2009) and Indonesia has comparative and competitive advantages in coffee production which means had the potential to improve estate, production, and coffee export (Susila, 1999). Arabica coffee from Simalungun district contributed significantly for coffee production in North Sumatra as the main specialty Arabica coffee producing region in Indonesia. Keywords: arabica; arabica coffee; coffee; coffee farm; coffee production; development; farm; farmer; indonesia; labor; land; model; north; price; production; productivity; sumatra; ton
• Current Situation and Future Outlook of Sorghum Area and Production in Pakistan by Habib, Nusrat ; Tahir, Ayesha; Ain, Qurat ul (2013) - Table 1: Best Fitted Model Selection Criteria for Sorghum Area Measures of Accuracy Criteria MAPE MAD MSD Linear Trend Model 6.560 22.130 805.722 Quadratic Trend Model 4.395 15.304 519.488 Exponential Trend Model 7.63 26.06 1019.04 S-Curve Model 5.048 16.944 540.050 Table 2 revealed that all the values of accuracy measures for sorghum Production in Pakistan are smaller in Quadratic Model. So this Model is best fitted to forecast the future values for sorghum production in Pakistan for next Six years. Keywords: area; model; pakistan; production; sorghum; trend
• Principal-Agent Governance Mechanism in an Emerging Biofuels Supply Chain in USA by Pandey, Vivek; Shanoyan, Aleksan ; Peterson, H Christopher; Ross, R. Brent (2013) - The theoretical results indicate that specification contract under the principal-agent framework is of limited utility due to’ metering’ problem when the principal contracts with multiple agents for the supply of feedstock.. However in case of multiple agents, the principal can only observe the group output due to the lumpy nature of the production process. Keywords: agent; contract; effort; ethanol; information; logging; principal; problem; producer; production; supply; type; wood
• Analysis of Rice Production Instability in Southeast Asian Countries by Sawaneh, Mamma; Latif , Ismail Abd ; Abdullah, Amin Mahir (2013) - Malaysia Abstract This study measures the extent of rice production instability and the sources of instability in selected rice producing countries of Southeast Asia. The two authors attributed the increase in production instability to the adoption of new technology. Keywords: area; instability; mean; production; rice; yield

• Spices and Condiments in Ghana: Their Utilization in Comminuted Meat Products by Sarah, Darkwa (2013) - Fortunately, Ghana is endowed with a lot of spices with the potential of being used in developing good seasoning mixes for meat products but in the light of that, much work has not been done to exploit these local spices to make the mixes. In earlier food applications, Madsen and Bertelsen (1995) used spices as antioxidants and Lee et al. (1989) highlighted the importance of using ginger as an antioxidant in meat products. Keywords: acceptability; aroma; colour; dawadawa; food; journal; level; meat; pork; prekese; products; spices; taste
• Effects of Socio-economic and Demographic Variables on Meat Consumption in Vietnam by Phuong, Nguyen Van; Cuong, Tran Huu ; Mergenthaler, Marcus (2014) - Keywords: Vietnam, meat consumption, household consumption, Tobit model, VHLSS Introduction 1 Worldwide, meat consumption has attracted much attention of study for nutritionists but also agricultural and food Corresponding author’s Name: Nguyen Van Phuong Email address: phuonglangvan@gmail.com economists in recent years (Schroeter et al., 2013; Ishdorj et al., 2013; Mergenthaler et al., 2009; Rae, 1999). While these studies analyzed food consumption in general based on previous rounds of the VLSS, no specific attention was given to the growing importance of meat consumption. Keywords: capita; consumption; demand; food; household; income; journal; meat; pork; poultry; rural; urban; vietnam; vietnamese
• Effect of Substitution of Wheat with Maize on Technological and Organoleptic Properties of Chapatties by Raza, Saeeda ; Kanwal, Saima ; Naseem, Khalid ; Bibi , Naseem ; Bibi , Amina (2014) - As shown in Table 1 the addition of maize flour to wheat flour resulted in a significant reduction in gluten values. Functional properties of maize flour and its blends with wheat flour: optimization of preparation conditions by response surface methodology. Keywords: bread; chapatti; flour; food; grindstone; maize; mill; wheat
• Intervention of One Rupee Rice in PDS: Utilisation and Impact in Andhra Pradesh and Odisha States in India by Mahendran, A (2014) - No effective action was taken yet to prevent the supply of poor quality rice. District wise satisfaction of rice Before concluding, the important findings in districts level satisfaction in rice for poor household with six parameters: fewer prices, essential of rice, depended of PDS rice, support the scheme, quality and quality. Keywords: andhra; families; food; odisha; pds; people; poor; pradesh; quality; rice; study
• Assessment of Farm Household Food Security and Consumption Indices in Nigeria by O. A, Ojeleye; O. A, Adebisi; T. O, Fadiji (2014) - Hence many development agencies considered household food security a guiding principle for designing interventions in rural areas. Choosing outcome indicators of household food security in food security in practice. Keywords: calorie; consumption; development; farm; food; households; insecure; security; study
• Mid-Day Meals Scheme in Hilly Areas: Tamil Nadu, India by Mahendran, A; Indrakant, S (2014) - In this case study Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(12)2014: 525-531 527 find out the utilisation of mid-day meals programme in school level children as per filed visit and what are problems are face by school children in hilly, rural and urban areas. Aim of this case study to find out the utilisation of mid-day meals programme among school children based on filed visit in children, teacher, organiser, cook, parents and public and also what are problems are faced by school children in hilly, rural and urban areas. Keywords: children; day; food; meals; nadu; primary; scheme; schools; tamil
• Assessment of Chemical Contaminants in Corn Dough from Selected Corn Wet Milling Plants in Mankessim by Hins, Marvel; Darkwa, Sarah (2016) - Interviews and corn dough samples were all collected from the beginning of January to the end of February, 2016. Table 5: Chemical parameters mean concentration levels for corn dough samples obtained from selected wet milling plants. Keywords: aflatoxin; contaminants; corn; corn dough; data; dough; food; grease; health; milling; plants; samples; water; wet; zinc
• Endogenous knowledge and importance of "conoro", fermented condiment from seeds of Baobab (Adansonia digitata), Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) and Okra (Abelmoschus sp) by Bondoukou department populations (North-Eastern Cote d'Ivoire) by Adaye, Yao Kouakou; Betty, Faulet Meuwiah ; Ghislaine, Dan Chepo ; Bedel, Fagbohoun Jean ; Kouadio, Yao ; Patrice , Kouame Lucien (2018) - It is made from fermented seeds of baobab (Adansonia digitata), kapok tree (Ceiba pentandra) and okra (Abelmoschus sp) used as single or in combination. Biochemical and microbiological characteristics of African mustards produced from fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa and Glycine max, sold in Côte d'Ivoire. Keywords: asian; conôro; development; et al; food; google; journal; knowledge; level; localities; respondents; scholar; seeds; view
• Is Imported Cabbage a Better Choice than Local Egg Fruit for Salad Preparation: An Economic Analysis of Ekiti State, Nigeria by Oladipupo , Abiola Matthew ; Adedayo , Ibidapo Clement (2019) - Garden egg fruit salad could be compared favorably with foreign cabbage salad in terms of colour, taste and general acceptability among consumers, across various age groups in the study areas. The orthodox budget analysis indicated that garden egg salad was more profitable than imported cabbage salad. Keywords: cabbage; egg; evaluation; food; garden; journal; nigeria; salad; state; study; value
• Personal Factors Affecting Intentions of Safe Vegetable Purchases in Danang City, Vietnam by Tinh, Luong ; Dung, Doan Gia ; Binh, Bui Quang ; Truc, Bui Thi Mai (2020) - Corresponding author ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 22-Nov-2019 Accepted: 11-Feb-2020 Online Available: 25-Feb- 2020 Keywords: Safe vegetables, consumer, intentions, Danang, Vietnam ABSTRACT This study determined the relationships between personal factors and intentions of safe vegetable purchases in Danang City, Vietnam. The findings suggested some implications for policy makers, authorities, and consumers in promoting behaviors of purchasing safe vegetables. Keywords: awareness; city; consumers; factors; food; information; intention; journal; nang; purchases; quality; study; vegetables
• Household Food Insecurity and Nutrition Status: Implications for Child’s Survival in South-Western Nigeria by Akindola, Rufus B (2020) - The specific objective was to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with household food security and examine the impact of household food insecurity on nutrition status. Contribution/ Originality This study is important in that information on the effects of household food insecurity will benefit policy makers who are currently interested in strategies for improving household food availability, accessibility and safety. Keywords: age; approx; child; development; food; food security; household; household food; journal; majority; nigeria; nutrition; respondents; security; status; survival
• Evaluating Forces Associated with Sentient Drivers over the Purchase Intention of Organic Food Products by Kiran, Prabha ; Srivastava , Abhishek; Tiwari, Satish Chandra ; Ramaiah, T Sita (2020) - In this paper, the research provided sufficient shreds of evidence against consumer awareness and purchase intention of organic food that will certainly help the organic food industries to promote their products according to the attribute of customers where nutritional values, awareness drivers & demographic variables played a significant role on the purchase intent of organic food products. There is, therefore, a significant disparity between the desire for organic shopping and the plan to purchase organic food and behavior, buying organic food products. Keywords: chi; consumer; food; intention; journal; mean; organic; products; purchase; square; standards; table; value
• Estimating the Demand Elasticity of Rice in Bangladesh: An Application of the AIDS Model by Siddique, Md Abu Bakr; Salam, Md Abdus ; Rahman, Mohammad Chhiddikur (2020) - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development Volume 10, Issue 3 (2020): 721-728 http://www.aessweb.com/journals/5005 mailto:siddiquer07@gmail.com http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.18488/journal.ajard.2020.103.721.728 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-998X http://www.aessweb.com/journals/5005 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10(3)2020: 721-728 722 Agricultural prices are notoriously unstable: rice prices influence both farmers' and traders' decisions simultaneously (Eldukhery, Elamin, Kherallah, & Abur, 2010). Own-price elasticity for major food items The uncompensated own-price elasticity of rice assessed at the national (pooled) level showed that a 10% fall in rice price would stimulate an increase of 8.21% in demand. Keywords: bangladesh; demand; elasticity; food; income; items; milk; model; rice
• Bioactive Compounds and Biochemical and Antioxidant Properties of Selected Minor Indigenous Fruits in Bangladesh by M.M, Molla; A.A, Sabuz; M.G.F, Chowdhury; M.H.H, Khan; M, Alam; T.A.A, Nasrin; A, Khatun; M.M, Islam (2021) - Therefore, the present study was undertaken to acquire documentation for a database of the composition of selected minor fruits. The total phenolic (TPH), vitamin C, total carotene, and ß-carotene contents and antioxidant activity of selected minor fruits were determined by 1,1- diphenyl-2picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and reducing power assays (RPA). Keywords: acid; activity; antioxidant; bangladesh; content; day; food; fruits; journal; mg/100; mg/100 g; phenolic; study; table; total
• Does Social Capital Improve Food Security? Evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Survey by Nugroho, Tri Wahyu ; Hanani, Nuhfil ; Toiba, Hery ; Sujarwo, Sujarwo (2022) - Previous studies have found a relationship between social capital and improving community food security. The GoI has created a community garden program to boost community food security, namely the Sustainable House Food Area. Keywords: access; areas; bridging; capital; communities; community; development; food; food security; household; indonesia; participation; people; social; urban
• Traditional Food Plants Cultivated and Managed in Home Gardens in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. by Maroyi, Alfred (2022) - The findings highlight the significance of edible plant species to the well- being of local communities in the Eastern Cape province within the context of food provisioning. Previous research conducted in South Africa by Welcome and Van Wyk (2019), focusing on edible plant species, categorized 55.2% of the plant families recorded in this study as important sources of food, that is, Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae, Apiaceae, Apocynaceae, Asphodelaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Ebenaceae, Fabaceae sensu lato, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Moraceae, Poaceae, and Solanaceae. Keywords: africa; cape; eastern; food; fruits; herb; journal; leafy; markets; plants; province; south; south africa; species; tubers
• Determinants of South Africa’s agri-food export performance: Gravity model approach by Mamashila, Mokgoshi John (2024) - Perception of agri-food companies on export factor conditions. EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 51 Determinants of South Africa’s agri-food export performance: Gravity model approach Mokgoshi John Mamashila University of South Africa, Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, Johannesburg, Florida, South Africa. Keywords: africa; agri; exports; factors; food; performance; south; south africa; study; table; trade
• Effects of Family Size on Household Food Security in Osun State, Nigeria by Olayemi, Adebayo Oyefunke (2012) - Abstract The study investigated effects of family size on household food security in Osun state, Nigeria. However household food security depends not only on the available of an adequate and sustainable supply of food but also on the coping strategies employed by households for its acquisition. Keywords: family; food; household; respondents; security; size; study
• Evaluating the challenges of food access and the factors influencing it among residents of peri-urban areas in Ray Nkonyeni Municipality, Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa by Mbombo-Dweba, Tulisiwe Pilisiwe ; Lembete, Simiso ; Sambo, Themba Andries (2024) - Binary logistic regression was applied to identify the determinants of household food insecurity in the study area. Prevalence of household food insecurity. Keywords: africa; areas; food; food insecurity; households; income; insecure; insecurity; respondents; south; study; urban
• Study of income and food consumption expenditure households of wet-rice farmers in West Sumatra, Indonesia by Sentosa, Sri Ulfa ; Satrianto, Alpon ; Akbar, Urmatul Uska ; Ariusni; Yeni, Intan Putri (2025) - This study provides comprehensive insights into the economic behavior of paddy field farming households by examining both the determinants of household income and food consumption expenditure. The originality of this study is to use the estimated household food consumption expenditure variable as one of the determinants of household income. Keywords: access; agricultural; capita; consumption expenditure; credit; effect; expenditure; farm; farming; food; food consumption; food expenditure; household food; household income; households; income; increase; journal; percent; rural; study
• Consumers’ Use and Understanding of Food Label Information and Effect on their Purchasing Decision in Ghana; a Case Study of Kumasi Metropolis by J, Osei Mensah; D. R, Lawer ; R, Aidoo (2012) - These proportions are similar to the findings from Mintel (2006) which suggest that approximately half of food consumers from UK read the labels on initial purchases, always‟ (32%) or usually (20%). Highly-educated, male consumers 2( 17.602, , 0.007,df p    ) were those more likely to use various types of food label information than others. Keywords: 0.000; consumers; decision; food; food label; information; journal; label; label information; product; purchasing; understanding; use; vol
• Local food innovation for food security in west timor during social restrictions by Taena, Werenfridus ; Nino, Jefrianus ; Yustiningsih, Maria ; Sila, Vinsensia Ulia Rita ; Binsasi, Yeremias (2025) - The Procedures of Transfer Technology Based on the AHP results, the transfer procedure for local food processing technology is a top priority for realizing local food security. The study aims to (i) analyze the influence of food processing technology innovation, local food management, and the quality of local food on food security in West Timor during social restrictions, and (ii) identify strategic priorities for achieving food security in West Timor. Keywords: analysis; community; development; food; food management; food processing; food security; innovation; journal; management; processing; quality; research; technology; timor
• The Concept of Withholding Period and Pesticide Residue in Grain Storage by J. A, Adegbola; U. D, Anugwom; F, Awagu; E. A, Adu (2012) - This review focuses on pesticides, their unquantifiable benefits to agriculture, pesticide residue, maximum pesticide residue limit, and withholding period in grain storage. Again, in 2010 it was reported that 20 fast food outlets were closed in Nigeria because of fatalities traced to pesticide residue in their products (Chikwe, 2010). Keywords: control; food; nigeria; period; pesticide; products; residue; storage; withholding
• A Case on Problems in Quality and Reasons in Rice -Under the Scheme of UPDS in Tamil Nadu by A, Mahendran (2013) - According to public assessment, the quality of PDS rice was not satisfactory, but it was fair quality rice, as per the Food Corporation of India‟s standard (The Hindu Chennai 2011). Rice is being distributed to the family card holders who have exercised option for rice and to the Anthyodaya Anna Yojana Card holders. Keywords: drying; food; india; nadu; paddy; pds; quality; rice; state; system; tamil; time
• Food Security Index and Socio-Economic Effects of Climate Change on Rural Farming Households in Delta State, Nigeria by P. O, Emaziye (2013) - Choosing Outcome Indicators of Household food security, in J. Hoddinott (2002) ed. Hoddinott (2001) outlined four ways of measuring household food security status; among them is dietary diversity which involves determining the frequency and the number of different foods consumed by an individual over a period of time. Keywords: climate; farming; food; households; security; state
• Gender Analysis of Rural Dwellers Accessibility to Free Natural Resources in Ussa Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria by Ojo, Catherine O; Nuhu , Hadiza S; Igbankwe, Thomas A (2013) - Abstract The study analyzed gender accessibility of rural dwellers to free natural resources in Ussa Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. Based on the results of the study, it was recommended that increased gender based capacity building and responsibility for management of free natural resources should be encouraged among rural dwellers in order to ensure sustainability of the resources in contributing to food security and poverty alleviation among free natural resource gatherers in the study area. Keywords: area; food; forest; resources; respondents; study; women

• Rice- Coconut Yoghurt: Preparation, Nutritional and Sensory Qualities by Adewale , Belewu Moshood; O, Abdulsalam Khadijat ; Kafayat , Belewu; Nosimot , Belewu (2013) - The efficacy of using rice milk and coconut milk in the preparation of yoghurt was evaluated in a completely randomized design model. Keywords: Rice milk, coconut milk, chemical analysis, sensory value, yoghurt Introduction 1 There are about 925 million hungry people in the world in 2010 with 239 million from sub- Sahara Africa. Keywords: belewu; coconut; content; milk; rice; yoghurt
• The Structure and Competitiveness of Pakistan’s Basmati Rice Exports by Akmal, Nadeem ; Akhtar, Waqar; Shah, Hassnain; Niazi, Muhammad Azam ; Saleem, Tariq (2014) - It identified the export concentration and major international markets for Pakistan basmati exports. This calls for science based strategies to maintain comparative advantage and market participation in basmati rice exports from Pakistan. Keywords: advantage; analysis; basmati; comparative; competitiveness; country; export; pakistan; rice; world
• Investigation of rice quality milling in abrasive and blade whiteners in terms of breakage percentage and degree of milling by Heidarisoltanabadi, Mohsen ; Salemi, Hamidreza ; Tahani, Behshad ; Fathi, Sasan (2018) - Experiments showed that the breakage rate of rice cultivar, Sazandegi, was 23% at wet basis moisture of 13% in the conventional blade whitener, and 20.5% in the optimized whitener. Figure 8 shows that, in total, the DOM of rice cultivars has increased as moisture content increased from 8 to 10%, and decreased as moisture content increased from 10 to 12 and 14%. Keywords: abrasive; blade; breakage; content; cultivar; milling; moisture; moisture content; paddy; percentage; rice; whitener
• Growth and Yield of Cauliflower (Brassica Oleracea. L.) as an Effect of Water Supply and the Dosages of Rice Straw Mulch by Noertjahyani; Komariah, Ai; Nurlenawati , Netti (2019) - Corresponding author ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 09-May-2019 Accepted: 13-Sep-2019 Online Available: 10-Oct- 2019 Keywords: Cauliflower, Rice straw mulch, Water supply, Yield ABSTRACT Limited available water, especially in dry land, causes decreasing production of vegetable plants. L.) as an effect of water supply and the dosages of rice straw mulch. Keywords: cauliflower; ha-1; mulch; plant; rice; straw; supply; water; water supply
• An Evaluation of Mortality of Sitophilus Oryzae Treated with Selected Insecticides via Filter Paper and Food Impregnated Method by M. B, Ismeazilla; Z, Mohd Rasdi; O, Dzolkhifli; A, Norhayu; I, Izaitul Aida; K, Mohd Faizol; Z, Muhammad Shakir; A, Nur Fakriyah; S. M, Noor Shuhaina (2020) - 0.378a 0.062 0.75 ± 0.31ab 4.75 ± 0.45b 8.50 ± 0.38ab 9.38 ± 0.26a 0.125 1.75 ± 0.62a 6.38 ± 0.50a 9.13 ± 0.30a 9.38 ± 0.26a Malathion 0.000 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.00 ± 0.00c 0.00 ± 0.00d 0.00 ± 0.00e 0.00015 0.13 ± 0.13b 0.25 ± 0.16bc 0.63 ± 0.18cd 1.25 ± 0.37de 0.0003 0.38 ± 0.18b 0.63 ± 0.26bc 1.13 ± 0.23cd 2.63 ± 0.57cd 0.0006 0.50 ± 0.19b 0.88 ± 0.30bc 1.50 ± 0.50c 4.00 ± 0.42bc 0.0012 0.75 ± 0.25b 1.88 ± 0.40b 4.25 ± 0.49b 5.00 ± 0.54b 0.012 5.75 ± 0.88a 6.25 ± 0.81a 9.38 ± 0.40a 10.00 ± 0.00a Prevathon 0.000 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.00 ± 0.00c 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.010 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.13 ± 0.13bc 0.38 ± 0.120 4.38 ± 1.25a 7.13 ± 0.69a 9.75 ± 0.16a 10.00 ± 0.00a Prevathon 0.000 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.00 ± 0.00c 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.010 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.13 ± 0.13bc 3.13 ± 0.40a 8.38 ± 0.50a 0.020 0.13 ± 0.13ab 0.38 ± 0.18abc 3.25 ± 0.41a 8.50 ± 0.42a 0.040 0.25 ± 0.13b 0.63 ± 0.26abc 3.50 ± 0.42a 8.63 ± 0.60a 0.060 0.38 ± 0.18ab 0.88 ± 0.23ab 3.88 ± 0.44a 9.25 ± 0.31a 0.120 0.75 ± 0.16a 1.38 ± 0.26a 4.00 ± 0.38a 9.63 ± 0.18a Rotenone 0.000 0.00 ± 0.00a 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.00 ± 0.00b 0.0006 0.13 ± 0.13a 1.00 ± 0.42ab 7.63 ± 0.42a 9.63 ± 0.18a 0.001 0.00 ± 0.00a 1.38 ± 0.26ab 7.88 ± 0.48a 9.75 ± 0.16a 0.002 0.13 ± 0.13a 1.63 ± 0.42a 8.38 ± 0.32a 10.00 ± 0.00a 0.005 0.13 ± 0.13a 1.88 ± 0.40a 8.50 ± 0.38a 10.00 ± 0.00a 0.010 0.00 ± 0.00a 2.25 ± 0.31a 8.75 ± 0.37a 10.00 ± 0.00a Spinosad 0.000 0.00 ± 0.00c 0.00 ± 0.00c 0.00 ± 0.00d 0.00 ± 0.00c 0.031 0.38 ± 0.26c 2.63 ± 0.26b 7.00 ± 0.46c 7.88 ± 0.44b 0.062 0.88 ± 0.30bc 3.75 ± 0.37b 8.50 ± 0.33b 9.25 ± 0.25a 0.125 1.88 ± 0.40ab 5.25 ± 0.37a 9.00 ± 0.27ab 9.88 ± 0.13a 0.250 2.50 ± 0.50a 5.63 ± 0.46a 9.25 ± 0.25ab 10.00 ± 0.00a 0.500 3.25 ± 0.37a 6.63 ± 0.32a 9.88 ± 0.13a 10.00 ± 0.00a Control 0 0 0 0 0 Values with the same letters in a column are not significantly different (P˂0.05) Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10(1)2020: xxx 28 3.1.2. Keywords: adult; concentration; days; exposure; insecticides; journal; lc50; malathion; method; mortality; oryzae; prevathon; rice; rotenone; spinosad; toxicity
• Use of Abattoir Wastewater Compost as Organic Fertilizer for Rice Production on a Ultisol in Delta State, Nigeria by Ojobor, Smart Augustine; Egbuchua, Collins N (2020) - Rice plants were taller in the second year due to increased nutrient released, and this gave room for higher rice yields. If the wastewater with low C:N ratio (6:2) is used to compost rice dust (C:N ratio 83:1), it will enhance the quality of the rice dust, which can be used for soil amendment (Thiyageshwari et al., 2018). Keywords: abattoir; compost; ha-1; rice; soil; wastewater; year; yield
• Establishment of a Rice Tiller Number Prediction Model Using Soil Compaction and Days after Transplanting by Bui, Van Huu ; Ngo, Quang Hieu ; Ho, The Anh (2022) - The research results show that soil compaction 0-20 cm from the soil surface has a positive correlation with rice tiller number, while the effect on plant height is non-significant. Therefore, a prediction model for rice tiller numbers is constructed using the Curve Fitting application in Matlab software. Keywords: compaction; crop; growth; number; rice; rice tiller; soil; tiller; tiller number
• Identifying and Addressing Institutional Problems Constraining the Financial Performance of Rice Cooperatives in the Philippines by Dimas, Brenda ; Lyne, Michael ; Bailey, Alison (2022) - Factors influencing the performance of rice farmer cooperatives in Davao del Norte, Philippines. This study contributes new information about property rights and governance practices observed in Philippine rice cooperatives. Keywords: case; cluster; cooperatives; directors; governance; indicators; members; performance; property; rice; rights; shares; yes
• Restoration of Fertility of Gleyic Fluvisols to Increase Rice Yields Using Shellfish Products in Toumbokro, Côte d'Ivoire by Patrice, Kouadio Koffi ; Albert, Yao-Kouame ; Alphonse, Alui Konan ; Eric, Kwadjo Koffi (2011) - Mineralization of nitrogen and phosphorus in organic soils cultivated southwestern Quebec. The work has been focused on soil amendment by three types of shells (Achatina spp Donax spp and Ostrea spp). Keywords: fluvisols; gleyic; kg.ha-1; matter; products; rice; shells; soil
• Productivity of inbred rice applied with biochar under different planting distances by Cacal, Darwin M; Santos, Angelo R; Hipolito, Marilene C; Morales, Sheila Rose F (2023) - This result aligns with the findings of Jeffery, Abalos, Spokas, and Verheijen (2015), who studied biochar effects on crop yield and reported that significantly higher grain yield was attained by crops with biochar application when compared to no biochar. Plant height (cm) at 30 DAT as affected by biochar application. Keywords: application; biochar; cm planting; distances; effect; grains; hectare; planting; rice; table; yield
• Adoption of mechanical seeder among rice farmers in Cagayan Valley Region, Philippines by Badua, Aldrin E; Vargas, Danilo S; Baltazar, Eugenia G; Aveno, Jocelyn L; Orden, Maria Excelsis M. (2024) - Attending promotional activities like lecture discussions, demonstrations, field days, seminars, and exhibitions by the farmer- users facilitated the acceptance of mechanical seeder technology. The farmer-users' attendance at promotional activities like lecture discussions, demonstrations, field days, seminars, and exhibitions facilitated the acceptance of mechanical seeder technology. Keywords: acceptance; activities; farmer; level; rice; seeder; technology; users; utilization
• Regional and grade-based variations in rice price spreads: An analysis of wholesale and retail pricing dynamics in the Philippines by Diaz, Rowell Agliones (2025) - The regional price variations in wholesale rice prices detected underscore the segmented character of the Philippine rice market and the impact of localized forces on price formation. Understanding the determinants of rice prices can also reduce consumer vulnerability to Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 15(2) 2025: 260-269 267 disinformation and price exploitation. Keywords: grades; market; milled; premium; price spreads; prices; quality; region; retail; rice; rice grades; special; spreads; wholesale
• Soil EC index – based prediction of rice growing and yield in the Mekong Delta by Ho, The Anh; Nguyen, Van Khanh ; Bui, Van Huu ; Nguyen, Chi Ngon (2025) - Spearman correlation analysis revealed strong relationships between early soil EC and NDVI at days 39 and 49 (r = 0.82, 0.71), and between soil EC at day 49 (EC 49) and NDRE at later stages (r = 0.594, 0.565). The findings suggest that soil EC is a valuable indicator for monitoring crop growth and managing rice production, particularly in areas affected by salinity due to climate change. Keywords: das; data; lstm; ndre; ndvi; rice; soil; soil ec; yield
• Trends and Variability of Rice, Maize, and Wheat Yields in South Asian Countries: A Challenge for Food Security by Poudel, Mahadeb Prasad; Chen , Shwu-En (2012) - This study considered the two possible reasons for slowing wheat yield growth in India. In addition, a negative impact of climate change was observed on wheat yield growth in India. Keywords: bangladesh; countries; growth; india; maize; nepal; pakistan; results; rice; variability; wheat; yield
• Economic Threshold Density of Multi Species Weed for Direct Seeded Rice by Mamun , Md. Abdullah Al ; Shultana, Rakiba ; Rana, Md. Masud ; Mridha, Abdul Jalil (2013) - The relationship between yield loss and weed density for each year was described using the rectangular hyperbolic model proposed by Cousens (1985). During both years, RWH more or less increased with the increases of weed densities and advances of crop growing period (from 30 to 60 DAS). Keywords: control; crop; das; density; grain; rice; species; weed; year; yield
• The Policy Strategy of Rice Straw Utilization of as Feed for Ruminants by Syamsu , Jasmal A; Karim, Hasmida (2013) -  Procurement of facilities inside stables Conclusion and recommendation There is a conclusion based on the results and discussion to create rice straw utilization strategy as ruminant feed, it is that the strategies require the provision of rice straw storage in groups on large livestock production centers, increased use of rice straw as a staple food of cattle, provision of quality rice straw in the dry or drought season, supply and use of straw as animal feed with various methods of delivery and utilization. The result of research were the strategies require the provision of rice straw storage in groups on large livestock production centers, increased use of rice straw as a staple feed of cattle, provision of quality rice straw in the dry or drought season, supply and use of straw as animal feed with various methods of delivery and utilization. Keywords: 0,15; animal; feed; livestock; matrix; quality; rice; strategy; straw

• Impact of the Mobile Telecommunication Network’s Milk Flow Project on the Livelihoods of Pastoralists in Ladugga Grazing Reserve, Kaduna State, Nigeria by Laah, John Gambo (2013) - A total of four (4) FGD sand four (4) IDIs were held with Fulani pastoralists and stakeholders in Ladugga Grazing Reserve. Keywords: Fulani pastoralists, grazing reserve, livelihoods Introduction The Guinea and Sahel Savannas ecosystems that are home to over 90% of the Fulani herdsmen in Nigeria have become very vulnerable (Folami, 2010).Rapid population growth has led to the expansion of people into the ecology of the pastoralists in Africa leading to scarcity of grazing areas (Reckers, 1997). Keywords: cows; flow; flow project; fulani; grazing; ladugga; milk; mtn; nigeria; pastoralists; percent; project; reserve
• Economic Analysis of Cattle Marketing in Gombe, Nigeria by Mohammed , Suleiman ; Mohammed, Isiaka ; Danjuma , Zahraddeen; Adamu, Ishaku (2013) - The study was conducted in 2010 to assess the profitability or otherwise of cattle marketing in Gombe, Gombe state, Nigeria. Thus, cattle marketing in the area were profitable and therefore recommended as an economic venture. Keywords: cattle; costs; income; marketing; medium; nigeria; size
• Hydraulic Conductivity Functions in Relation to Some Chemical Properties in a Cultivated Oxisols of a Humid Region, Delta State, Nigeria by C. N, Egbuchua (2014) - Keywords: Hydraulic conductivity, soil chemical properties, oxisols, humid region, Nigeria Introduction 1 The oxisols of the Sub-Saharan Africa are among the potential arable lands that are exhaustively exploited for crop production activities (Agboola et al., 1997). Because of the depleted chemical nature of most oxisols, and the intensity of cultivation on these soils, the objective of this study therefore is to evaluate the relationship between water transmissivity and soil chemical properties. Keywords: chemical; conductivity; nigeria; properties; soil; study; water
• Knowledge, Attitude and Participation of Fadama Users Group towards Fadama III Project Activities in Ebonyi State, Nigeria by Williams, Egwu Emeka (2015) - Formation of group owned productive assets such as cereals mills, rice mills, cassava processing plants, mini – tractors etc. 2.6 Accepted Iii Input support for production, processing and marketing through Fadama III project 2.7 Accepted iv. SUMMARY Based on the findings, it was concluded that members of Fadama user groups were highly knowledgeable and have positive attitude towards Fadama III project. Keywords: activities; development; fadama; iii; nigeria; participation; project; state
• Children Involvement in Artisanal Fishing: A Case Study of Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria by O. S, Fakayode; O. A, Adeogun; L. R, Unah; D. A, Bolaji (2016) - Table 1: Children involved in artisanal fishing Months Number of boats counted Total number of people in all the boats Number of boat with children Total number of children in the boat Crew size of the people sitting in a boat Crew size of the children sitting in a boat September,2013 60 144 56 74 3 2 October, 2013 113 270 97 152 3 2 November, 2013 46 120 41 70 3 2 December,2013 60 152 50 84 3 2 January,2014 74 172 69 88 3 2 February,2014 65 154 55 86 3 2 Average size 70 169 61 92 3 2 During the study, we recorded a female which accounted for 0.2% while male was 99.8%. A CASE STUDY OF LAGOS LAGOON, NIGERIA Fakayode, O. S., Adeogun, O. A., Unah, L. R., and Bolaji, D. A. Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria Abstract 1 Children involvement in artisanal fishing was investigated between 2013 and 2014 to assess the percentage number of children involved in fishing on Lagos Lagoon, their roles, contribution and the effects of the activities on their livelihood. Keywords: age; boats; children; fishing; nigeria; number; study
• Accelerating Agricultural Productivity and Marketing for Rural Transformation in Nigeria by Ogbeide-Osaretin , Evelyn Nwamaka ; Ozougwu , Ben ; Ebhote , Oseremen (2019) - Received: 13-Sep-2019 Accepted: 16-Dec-2019 Online Available: 31-Dec- 2019 Keywords: Agriculture, Gender, Rural, Transformation, Total factor productivity ABSTRACT This study examined the essential factors required to drive agricultural productivity and marketing towards enhancing rural transformation. Contribution/ Originality This study contributes to the present literature as it relates to agricultural productivity and marketing as a tool for economic development by specifically analyzing the important role of gender towards enhancing the development of agricultural sector and economic development at large. Keywords: agricultural; asian; credit; development; factor; growth; journal; labour; nigeria; productivity; result; sector; study; tfp; total; transformation; variables
• Upgrading Rural Youths’ Capacity for Driving Shrimp-Based Agribusiness Value Chain in Nigeria by Odemero , Achoja Felix ; Miebi , Gbigbi Theophilus ; Aramide, Ikpoza Eguono ; Ebidenere , Denghan Janet (2020) - The consequential shortfall of human capital and the dearth of skilled manpower in shrimp value chain can only be addressed through youth inclusion and organization of shrimp culture -oriented training workshops. Against this back drop, a critical analysis of the profit performance of youth participants in shrimp value chain is warranted. Keywords: agribusiness; capital; chain; development; nigeria; performance; shrimp; study; value; value chain; youth
• Evaluation of Fadama III Project in the Niger Delta Area of Nigeria: Constraints and Strategies Perceptions by Ovharhe , Oghenero Joseph (2020) - High values were placed on proposed strategies to overcome Fadama III constraints such as the conduct of regular farmers training sessions (mean=3.36) and improved FUG management team (mean = 3.30). Hence, this study aimed to assess the causal factors to Fadama III project constraints and propose strategies to overcome Fadama III constraints in the Niger Delta area. Keywords: agricultural; constraints; delta; development; fadama; iii; nigeria; project; state; study
• Growth Analysis and the Determinants of Entrepreneurial Orientation in the Small-Scale Poultry Subsector in Delta State, Nigeria by Egbe, Roli Juliet ; Onomu, Achoja Roland ; Ike, Pius Chinwuba; Akpoviri, Isiorhovoja Rodney (2020) - It also ascertained the drivers of poultry entrepreneurial orientation in the study area. Gross margin was used to determine poultry enterprise growth over the period 2013– 2017. Keywords: entrepreneurs; farming; growth; margin; model; nigeria; orientation; poultry; scale; size; stock; study
• Performance of Agricultural Export Products on Economic Growth in Nigeria by Amao, Oyetoun Dunmola ; Antwi, Michael Akwasi ; Oduniyi, Oluwaseun Samuel; Oni, Timothy Olukunle ; Rubhara, Theresa Tendai (2021) - Based on this information, the present research investigated the accomplishments of agricultural export products in the economic development of Nigeria. Analysis was conducted on the effects of agricultural export products, and subsectors thereof, on total output, and of agricultural export products and subsectors on agricultural output. Keywords: agricultural; development; economic; export; growth; nigeria; products; sector; 𝑌𝑖𝑡
• Pattern of Alcohol Consumption and its Effects on Livelihood in Selected Rural Communities of Enugu State, Nigeria by M. U., Ng’en Dimelu, ; C. , Agbo, ; E. M. , Igbokwe, (2011) - To elicit information on influence of alcohol consumption on livelihood, data on livelihood activities, social and health life of alcohol consumers were compared with that of non alcohol consumers. Goat production was more popular among non alcohol consumers than alcohol consumer. Keywords: alcohol; beverage; consumers; consumption; drinking; nigeria; non; number; palm; respondents; wine
• Gender Participation in Economic Activities and Decision Making in Keffi Area of Nigeria by Ibrahim, Hassan Ishaq ; Saingbe , Napoleon Danbeki ; Abdulkadir , Zubairu Ajiya (2012) - Provision of credit facilities, sensitization on the importance of women involvement in decision making and mobilization of farmers to form co-operative societies are necessary impetus for improving women participation in economic activities and decision making. Women participation in management and production decisions varies according to geographical location, culture and religion. Keywords: activities; decision; gender; making; nigeria; participation; respondents; women
• Impact Assessment of the Causes and Prevention of Farm Accidents on Mechanized Farms of North Central Zone/States of Nigeria by Yohanna, J. K; Fulani, U. A; Ode , S; Ali , H. K (2012) - They further stated that farm accident can be referred to as all incidental occurrence related to agricultural activities such as snake bite, bee invasion, fire outbreak, chemical explosion on the farm or workshop, drowning in a farm dam, falls, recreational, immunological disease etc. land communal crises resulting to agricultural land resource damage could be referred also to as farm accidents (Yohanna 2006). An investigation into the causes and prevention of farm accidents on mechanized farm was carried out in Benue, Federal Capital Territory, Kwara, Nasarawa, Niger and Plateau states that constitute the north central zone/states of Nigeria. Keywords: accidents; equipment; farm; nasarawa; nigeria; operators; total; tractor
• Factors influencing rural migrant households’ participation in livelihood activities and income diversification strategies in Southwestern Nigeria by Adeniyi, Omolehin, Ajayi Raphael; John, Ajiboye Akinyele (2025) - The level of literacy within rural farm households is vital for improving productivity, enhancing production efficiency, and ultimately increasing income, leading to a more diverse range of income sources for improved well-being. A value closer to one indicates greater diversity in household income, with a diversification index of one signifying extreme diversification. Keywords: activities; activity; diversification; farm; farm activities; household; income; journal; livelihood; migrants; nigeria; non; respondents; study
• Effects of Liquid Organic Fertilizer on Time of Tasselling, Time of Silking and Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays) by E. C, Enujeke; I. M, Ojeifo; G. U, Nnaji (2013) - The main plot treatment and subplot treatments are: Method of application of liquid organic fertilizer (1) Foliar application (2) Top soil application (3) Foliar + Top soil application, while sub plot — Rate of Liquid organic fertilizer application (1 ha-1) Liquid organic fertilizer was diluted at the rate of 60 ml of the product to 15 litres of water and applied to maize foliage, topsoil, foliage and topsoil at the rates of 5l/ha, 10l/ha, 151/ha, l8l/ha, 201/ha and 251/ha. Keywords: application; fertilizer; grain; maize; nigeria; plants; silking; soil; time; topsoil; yield
• Effects of Variety and Fertilizers on Number of Grains/Cob of Maize in Asaba Area of Delta State by E. C, Enujeke (2013) - Municipal wastes were reported to have reduced soil temperature, increased soil water, nutrient status and the yield of maize in temperate soils (Movahedi et al., 2000). Soil use and Management, 16(3), 215-221. Keywords: asaba; cob; fertilizer; grains; inorganic; maize; manure; nigeria; number; poultry; soil; variety; yield
• The Perceptions to Climate Change among Rural Farming Households in the Niger Delta Area, Nigeria by P. O, Emaziye (2013) - Awareness campaign on climate change is recommended in the rural areas for climate change information. The study also reveals 76% had no extension contact during the farming season and 78.6% of respondents are not aware of the phenomenon of climate change. Keywords: area; change; climate; climate change; delta; farming; households; increase; niger; niger delta; nigeria; respondents
• Analysis of Child Labour among Rural Household of Oyo State, Nigeria by Idowu, Alao Bashir ; Amos, Olasore Abiodun ; Olabisi , Aremu Adeola (2013) - This implies that as these variables increase child labour will reduce. Keywords: Analysis, Child labour, Rural, Household, Oyo State 1 Corresponding author‟s details: Olasore Abiodun Amos Email: aaolasore@yahoo.com Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5005 mailto:aaolasore@yahoo.com Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(5) 2013: 337- 345 338 Introduction Child labour is a widespread phenomenon in developing countries. Keywords: children; farm; head; household; labour; nigeria; size
• Aquaculture, a Component of the Farming Systems among the Fishing Communities in Oil Producing Areas of Delta, Nigeria by Okeleke, CHUKWUJI, Christopher (2013) - Economics of aquaculture production. This could be achieved through expanded effort at credit extension to the farmers targeted at aquaculture enterprises. Keywords: aquaculture; delta; farming; fish; fishing; households; income; nigeria; state

• The Perceptions of a Farming Community in the Limpopo Province on HIV/AIDS by Klaas , Ntombifikile Elizabeth; Peu, Mmapheko Doriccah; Netangaheni, Thinavhuyo Robert (2014) - Counseling and testing for HIV combined with disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners can enable people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) to seek appropriate care and treatment. Keywords: AIDS, HIV, farms, farm employees, farming community, perceptions Introduction 1 In the mid-1980s, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) were virtually unheard of in Southern Africa, now the worst affected region in the world. Keywords: africa; aids; community; development; farming; healthcare; hiv; participants; people; south; study; workers
• Assessment of the Perception of Benefits of Organic Gardening in Maiduguri Metropolis, Nigeria by S. B, Mustapha; U. C, Undiandeye; Y. L, Idrisa (2012) - 238-242 240 Results and Discussion Socio-economic benefits of Organic Gardening by Respondents Table 1 shows the average sample score for perceived socio-economic benefits of organic gardening by respondents. 238-242 241 Conversion to Organic Gardening by Respondents The level of conversion to organic gardening by respondents was presented in Table 5. Keywords: benefits; farming; gardening; mean; respondents
• The impact of youth development program on rural livelihoods: A case of Fortune 40 young farmer incubation program in Bushbuckridge Municipality, South Africa by Khoza, Agreement; Mayekiso, Anele ; Ledwaba, Lesetja Jacob ; Belete, Abenet (2025) - The study findings revealed that the Fortune 40 program addressed the issue of gender inequality by having a noticeably balanced gender of program beneficiaries, to integrate women farmers into farming decision-making processes and asset acquisition. Agricultural programs play a significant role in reducing poverty, improving livelihoods, and increasing productivity. Keywords: access; africa; agricultural; beneficiaries; development; farm; farming; fortune; impact; journal; livelihoods; program; size; study; youth
• Income inequality in phezukomkhono mlimi farming households: A case study of Nkomazi Local Municipality, South Africa by Sambo, Themba Andries ; Oguttu, James W ; Mbombo-Dweba, Tulisiwe P (2025) - This study examined income inequality and its determinants. Age, education, household size, and farm size were identified as determinants of income inequality in the study area. Keywords: africa; education; farming; gini; households; income; income inequality; inequality; journal; quantile; regression; size; south; study
• Farming Mothers’ Perceptions on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ori-Ade Area, Osun State by R, Ashimolowo Olubunmi ; K, Aromolaran Adetayo ; G, Akinmoyede Omolola (2013) - † Corresponding author Farming Mothers’ Perceptions on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ori-Ade Area, Osun State Ashimolowo Olubunmi R., Aromolaran Adetayo K. † and Akinmoyede, Omolola G. (Department of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria) Citation: Ashimolowo Olubunmi R., Aromolaran Adetayo K. and Akinmoyede, Omolola G. (2013) “Farming Mothers’ Perceptions on Exclusive Breastfeeding in Ori-Ade Area, Osun State”, Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. Keywords: Exclusive Breastfeeding, Farming mothers, Methods of Breast feeding, Perception Introduction Breastfeeding is the feeding of an infant or young child (baby) with breast milk directly from female human breast (i.e. through lactation) rather than from a feeding bottle or other container. Keywords: breastfeeding; child; farming; health; mothers; perception; respondents; study; table

• Physioeconomic Poverty Analysis of Grade 1 Employees of Rawalpindi City, Pakistan by Siddiqui, Sabeen ; Anwar, Zubair; Batool, Saira ; Habib, Nusrat ; Naheed , Sobia ; Zahra, Naheed (2014) - The analysis of urban poverty is as necessary as the overall level of poverty in the country. The large proportion of work on poverty in Pakistan has been targeted towards determining absolute levels and extent of poverty in rural / agrigarian economies in the attempt to identify the effects, if any, of the 1960\s “Green revolution” on poverty levels and income disparities in those areas. Keywords: city; development; household; income; pakistan; poverty; rawalpindi; size
• Role of Participatory Videos in Economic Empowerment of Rural Women: A Case Study from Bangladesh by T, Khatun; M.A, Sarker; M.H, Rahman (2018) - Table 1: Allocation of the population and sample of study Name of the upazilas Name of the villages Number of rural women Population Sample Size Shajahanpur Kamarpara 174 25 Fulkut 125 20 Sherpur Bangra 121 20 Total 420 65 Due to involvement in participatory video programme rural women of the study areas took part in some income generating activities (IGAs) for instance safe vegetable cultivation, preparation of Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 8(1)2018: 1-15 7 vermi-compost, preparation of botanical pesticide, filming of local events, safe food processing, handicraft preparation and homestead gardening etc.  masarker@bau.edu.bd (Corresponding Author) ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 25-Apr-2018 Accepted: 01-Aug-2018 Online Available: 22-Aug- 2018 Keywords: Economic empowerment, participatory video, rural women ABSTRACT The present study was intended to assess function of participatory videos in improving economic empowerment of the rural women. Keywords: bangladesh; decision; development; education; empowerment; family; income; participation; participatory; study; video; view; women
• The Relationship between Socioeconomic Status and Consumption Pattern of Fishermen Household in Indonesia by Rusdiana , A; Sanuri; Subandi , Muhammad ; Mulyawan, Setia (2020) - Cindy (2016) concluded that level of household income, the number of family members, age, and the amount of expenditure per day has a significant effect on the pattern of household food consumption, while partially the variable number of family members, age and number expenditure per day has a significant effect on household food consumption patterns. With the answer to the problem, this study is among the few studies that have been investigated to analyze the effect of income and family members on fishermen household consumption patterns. Keywords: consumption; family; fishermen; household; income; members; number; patterns; variable
• Determinants of Farmer’s Participation in Off-farm Employment: A Case Study in Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia by Abdul-Hakim, Roslan ; Che-Mat, Siti Hadijah (2011) - The importance of examining these questions cannot be over emphasized since off-farm employment has been recognised to have the potential in raising agricultural household income, and therefore reducing rural poverty (FAO, 1998). Yes =1; No = 0 + TIME (Working hours) (Continuous) Time allocated to agriculture activities per week - RFTHHI (Ratio of farm income to total income of the farmer) (Continuous) Ratio of Farm Income to Total Income of the Head of Household - Local area (economic) characteristics (LAC) C1(agriculture and industrial area) Keywords: activities; area; characteristics; farm; farm employment; farmer; household; income
• Heterogeneous impacts of land quality on household income in Vietnam’s north central region by Nguyen, Yen Hai Thi ; Tran, Tuyen Quang (2025) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 270 Heterogeneous impacts of land quality on household income in Vietnam’s north central region Yen This paper examines the heterogeneous effects of land quality on household income in Vietnam’s North Central region. Keywords: crop; development; household; household income; income; journal; land; land quality; nguyen; quality; quantile; study; vietnam
• Alleviating Rural Farmers Poverty through Effective Micro credit: Evaluation of UNDP Intervention in Delta State by Ike , P. C; Uzokwe, U. N (2012) - As claimed by the respondents nearly 97% of the loans got from micro credit scheme were invested in business enterprises and this generated 167 days of employment on the average during the year for each of the beneficiary and another 72 days on the average for other members of the household, generating averagely a yearly gross income of N148,540.00 (N12,378.33 per month). Although governments realize that resource- poor rural households need affordable credit to enhance household incomes, the formal financial institutions failed to reach the poor because they adhere to stringent collateral requirements, and the credit disbursement and recovery procedures are not suitable for their economic environment (Ike, 2010). Keywords: credit; delta; income; labour; loan; micro; poverty; rate; return
• Analysis of Impact of Microfinance Services on Business Performance of Small Scale Women Entrepreneurs in Enugu State, Nigeria by Ike , P. C. (2013) - The difference between increase Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(6) 2013: 424-429 429 in income of microfinance service beneficiaries and that of non beneficiaries was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The Double-Difference (DD) Estimator is used to estimate changes in income from before to after benefiting from services between microfinance beneficiaries and non beneficiaries. Keywords: beneficiaries; entrepreneurs; income; microfinance; non; services; study

• Sea Cucumber Fishery and Trade in Sta. Cruz, Davao Del Sur, Philippines: Supply Chains and Cost-Benefit Analyses by Shuck, Vlademir A; Mondoyo, Rod Norbert D; Acuňa , Thaddeus R; Gamboa, Ruth U (2013) - Philippines Abstract In the country, sea cucumbers are exploited almost exclusively for export. In this study, sea ranching, a new culture system for sea cucumber was analyzed in terms of its economic and commercial viability. Keywords: analysis; area; cost; cucumber; development; ranching; sandfish; sea; sea cucumber; sea ranching; total; trepang; wet
• Trend Analysis of Mungbean Area and Yield in Pakistan by Habib, Nusrat ; Anwer, Muhammad Zubair; Siddiqui, Sabeen ; Batool, Saira ; Naheed, Sobia (2013) - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(12)2013: 909-913 911 Table 2: Diagnostic of model selection for mungbean area in Pakistan Measures of Accuracy Criteria MAPE MAD MSD Linear Trend Model 18.08 28.66 1380.41 Quadratic Trend Model 12.58 19.30 537.27 Exponential Trend Model 19.09 31.38 1630.90 Selection of forecasting model for mungbean yield All the values of accuracy measures for mungbean yield in Pakistan are smaller in quadratic trend model comparative to linear trend model and exponential trend model. The present study was planned to analyze mungbean area and yield trends in Pakistan. Keywords: area; mungbean; pakistan; trend; yield
• Status of Fruit Farming in Central Valley of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by Shah, Nisar Ali ; Farooq , Arshad ; Hassan, Abdul ; Khan , Abdul Samad ; Niazi, Muhammad Azam ; Farooq, Umar (2014) - Apricot Present 2.00 0.00 0.00 1.59 1.73 10 years back 6.50 0.23 0.00 0.00 3.36 Percent change in area -69.23 _ 0.00 + -48.64 Persimmon Present 4.27 0.00 10.91 0.00 5.60 10 years back 8.61 0.00 6.70 0.00 7.66 Percent change in area -50.40 0.00 +62.83 0.00 -26.88 Source: Survey results, 2013 Table 5: Fruit orchards area of sample respondents by farm size in target area (AC) Source: Survey results, 2013 Percent change in fruit orchards area The data regarding the area under different fruits by sample respondents 10 years back and present were presented in Table 6 & Figure 1. Keywords: acres; answer; area; change; fruit; number; orchards; percent
• Development of Agropolitan Area in Papua (Case Study: Agropolitan Area in the City of Jayapura) by Sitorus, Yannice Luma Marnala ; Yanthy , Normalia Ode; Nurmaningtyas, Anggia Riani (2015) - Learning and understanding the characteristics of Muara Tami agricultural area 2. Basic infrastructure of agricultural area is irrigation and local roads. Keywords: agropolitan; area; barat; city; development; district; infrastructure; jayapura; koya; muara; papua; sector; tami
• Spatio-Temporal Land Use/Land Cover Analysis of Murree using Remote Sensing and GIS by Kausar, Rukhsana ; Baig , Siddique ; Riaz, Iqra (2016) - A review of large area monitoring of land cover change using Landsat data. In 2010 there is a vivid gain in the area occupied by settlements and decreasing trend is observed in the coverage of forest land cover class. Keywords: area; change; cover; forest; journal; land; murree; remote; use
• Effects of Moringa Leaf Extract and Poultry Manure on the Growth Parameters of Sweet Maize by D.O, Alubiagba; O.J, Ovharhe; S.O, Akparobi (2021) - This is also consistent with the findings of Zaki and Rady (2015), who observed that MLE application increased the number of leaves, shoot length, leaf area per plant, and old dry leaf weight of Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). Use of 9% MLE as a sole application, which performed significantly better than both control and the other rates of MLE application. Keywords: area; cm2; control; growth; ha–1 pm; leaf; leaves; mle; plants; season; sweetcorn; wap
• Diversity of Aquatic Insects in Keniam River, National Park, Pahang, Malaysia by Z, Mohd Rasdi; I, Fauziah; R, Ismail; S, Mohd Hafezan; K, Fairuz ; A. D, Hazmi ; M. R, Che Salmah (2012) - The abundance and distribution of aquatic insects species varies and not constant from one to another month during the study period. Throughout the study period, there is range from total of 140 to 604 individuals of aquatic insect trapped monthly and collected in Keniam River from September 2009 to December 2010. Keywords: area; diptera; diversity; habitat; index; insects; keniam; keniam river; kuala; middle; quality; river; sampling; species; strata; stratum; water
• Assessment of Irrigation Land Suitability and Development of Map for the Fogera Catchment Using GIS, South Gondar by Sultan , Dagnenet (2013) - Keywords: parameters, GIS, land suitability, soil mapping unit. On the basis of stoniness, soil salinity, soil alkalinity, soil depth and groundwater quality it was concluded that 72 percent of the study area is potentially suitable for irrigation and 28 percent was classified as unsuitable (N) due to drainage limitation, flood hazard, texture and slope factors. Keywords: area; clay; depth; irrigation; land; mapping; percent; soil; study; suitability; water
• Effects of Variety and Spacing on Growth Characters of Hybrid Maize by E. C. , Enujeke (2013) - Tolera et al., (1999) suggested that breeders should select maize varieties that combine high grain yield and desirable stover characteristics because of large differences that exist between cultivars. Odeleye and Odeleye (2001) reported that maize varieties differ in their growth characters, yield and its components, and therefore suggested that breeders must select most promising combiners in their breeding programmes. Keywords: area; girth; hybrid; maize; plants; soil; spacing; stem; variety; week
• Spatial Management to Enhance Tourism Industrial Ecology and Natural Resources Conservation: A Case Study of Kakas Sub-district, Lake Tondano, North Sulawesi by Wowiling, Steiva A. S; Bisri, Mohammad ; Husain, Jailani ; Hakim, Luchman (2013) - Tourism industrial area, which is managed in sustainable principles, will allow lake conservation as well as local economic development. The aims of the research are, therefore, to identify spatial composition of a particular area in Kakas as basic information to design and develop sustainable tourism industrial area. Keywords: area; destination; development; ecology; journal; kakas; lake; management; north; rural; sulawesi; tondano; tourism
• Paclobutrazol Application and Shading Levels Effect to the Growth and Quality of Begonia (Begonia rex-cultorum) Cultivar Marmaduke by Suradinata, Yayat Rochayat ; Rahman, Ramadhani ; Hamdani, Jajang S (2013) - Paclobutrazol PGR application on ornamental plants will give growth responses in compact, robust, increasing green leaf plants, therefore the Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5005 mailto:dryayat_effendi@yahoo.com Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(8) 2013: 566-575 567 ornamental plants performance becomes more attractive, strengthen the flower stalk, and increases the leaves resistance to environmental stress (Mansuroglu et al., 2009). Abstract Belonging to one of begonia leaf plants is Begonia rex cultorum, this group belong to the class of rex begonians. Keywords: application; area; average; begonia; growth; leaf; levels; light; paclobutrazol; petiole; plants; ppm; shading; treatment
• Agro-morphological, Physiological and Yield related Performances of Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (l.) Gaertn.] Accessions Evaluated for Drought Resistance under Field Condition by Assefa , Awol ; Fetene, Masresha; Tesfaye, Kassahun (2013) - Data were collected for plant height (PH), green leaf number (GLN), green leaf area (GLA), ear number (EN), ear length (EL) and relative water content (RWC). Data collection Agronomic and morphological measurements Agro-morphological parameters such as plant height (PH), total tiller number (TN) and productive tillers (PT), green leaves number (GLN), total green leaves area (TGLA), finger number (FN) and finger length (FL) were taken following International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR, 1985) plant descriptor for finger millet. Keywords: accessions; area; content; finger; grain; leaf; millet; number; plant; u f; water; yield

• Supply of Rubber Wood Log in Malaysia by Noraida , A. W; Abdul-Rahim , A. S (2014) - This implies that 99 percent of the variation in rubber wood supply can be explained by the explanatory variables in the model. INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 361 Supply of Rubber Wood Log in Malaysia A. W. Noraida and A. S. Abdul-Rahim Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Management, University Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Abstract Issue on shortage of raw material for wood processing solved by discovery of rubber wood log as one of the substitutes the natural log. Keywords: level; log; malaysia; model; rubber; rubber wood; run; supply; test; total; wood; wood log
• Building Social Capital in the Fishery Communities of the South-West Region of Cameroon: The Case of Limbe Municipality by Sama, Molem Christopher ; Chiatii , Elizabeth Ankiambom ; Aquilas, Nkwetta Ajong ; Abit, Ofeh Moses (2016) - Recently, the role played by social capital in stimulating the level of economic activities in a country is being increasingly recognized. Production has often employed land, labour, capital and technology as key the resource inputs, social capital being largely ignored. Keywords: activities; activity; cameroon; capital; communities; development; fish; household; journal; level; study; women
• Effect of different electrical conductivity value and chamfer slope on the growth and results of kailan (brassica oleracea) acephala variety in hydroponic nutrient film technique by Birnadi, Suryaman ; Hendrian, Aldy (2017) - As a result of respiration is the only plant produces less energy, less roots can absorb nutrients and plant growth became stagnant Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(2)2017: 28-39 30 With the use of hydroponics system Nutrient Film Technique in cultivation is expected to increase growth and yield Kailan. Photosynthate was used for plant growth and development, among others, increase size of plant, the establishment of branches and leaves. Keywords: average; development; growth; gutter; level; nutrients; plant; slope; table; treatment; value; weight
• Adapting New Technologies of Exposure and Promotion for Agro-Tourism Enterprises with Comparative Evaluations by Dimitriadou , Eleni ; Lamprouli , Ioanna; Iakovidou, Olga (2019) - Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 9(2)2019: 274-283 281 Table 8: Comparison of websites evaluation in levels from 2010-2018 Evaluation criteria Level (%) 2010 2018 Low Medium High Low Medium High Content 48,1 The criterion of content which was related to the enterprise itself (%) 2010 2018 History of foundation 9,5 16,8 Information about facilities 67,7 86,3 Description of enterprise 38,6 88,5 Information about products and services 43,0 90,8 Number of rooms 77,2 66,4 Room facilities 85,4 87,8 Period of operation 28,5 18,3 Prizes 0,6 10,7 Prices of services 17,7 22,9 Distance from surroundings 74,7 72,5 Note: The total number of agrotourism websites in 2010 was 158 and in 2018 was 131 Source: Authors’ own compilations Keywords: agrotourism; content; criterion; enterprises; evaluation; journal; level; tourism; users; websites
• The interplay and correlates of agricultural (Farm) and non-agricultural activities to food diversity – linkages to health expenditure by Ramalebo, Katiso ; Chifurira, Retius ; Zewotir, Temesgen; Chinhamud, Knowledge (2025) - By examining this connection, we may uncover evidence that supports a more sustainable approach to healthcare financing, one that leverages household food diversity as a cost-effective strategy to reduce healthcare expenditure. The paper then connects the related consumption expenditure to household food diversity and household expenditure on health to assess the differentials in their movements. Keywords: consumption expenditure; economic; education; expenditure; figure; food consumption; food diversity; health; health expenditure; household; household consumption; household food; journal; lesotho; level; participation; relationship; spending; status
• A Study on Relationship between Demographic Variable and Branded Milk by John, S Franklin; Senith, S. (2012) - The second section variables chosen for this study in order to measure the influence of branded milk in Indian Retail Markets are taken from branding milk dimension contains of 60 items and characterized into six sub scales : (a) Salience (items 1 to 7), (b) Performance(items 8 to 13), (c) Imagery (items 14 to 18) ,(d) Judgment (items 19 to 36), (e) Feelings (items 37 to 42), (f) Resonance (items 43 to 60).The milk branding dimension 60 items are evaluated on a five-point Likert scale ranging from 1 to 5 ,using the anchors “5=stronglyagree,4=agree, 3=Neutral, 2=Disagree,1= Strongly disagree”. The study was designed to investigate the influence of age level of respondents by different dimensions of milk brand. Keywords: age; age level; analysis; brand; differences; level; milk; respondents; study; vol; yrs
• The Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur Addition on Bioethanol Solid Waste Fermented by the Consortium of Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae towards Dry Materials, Organic Materials, Crude Protein and Non Nitrogen Protein by Suryani, Yani ; Hernaman, Iman ; Rochana, Ana ; Setiawati , Ayu ; Paramarta, Gilang Dayinta ; Andayaningsih , Poniah (2013) - The optimal nitrogen non-protein content of Bioethanol solid waste fermentation by Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is about 0.16%. The average value of the measurement result of Bioethanol organic solid waste materials are presented in Table 4. Keywords: addition; bioethanol; content; level; matter; nitrogen; protein; sulfur; supplementation; waste

• Morphological and Physical Characteristics of Soils Developed on a Topose-quence Derived from Coarse-grained Pegmatites in a Tropical Region, Delta State, Nigeria by C. N, Egbuchua (2014) - In times of rainfall, the crest and upper slope positions receive atmospheric precipitation only, while the lower and valley bottom slopes re- ceive both precipitation and run off from the crest and upper slope positions. The implication is that land use will therefore vary between the lower/valley bottom and upper slope positions. Keywords: 7.5yr; bti c; crest; positions; slope; soil
• Restoration of the potentialities of a degraded ferralsol using cocoa bean teguments in Ahoue (South East, Côte d’ivoire) by Patrice, Kouadio Koffi ; Jeanne, Bongoua-Devisme Affi; Emile, Yoboué Kouadio ; Nantarie, Touré ; Moise, Beugré Christian ; Félix, Aka Kacou ; Albert , Yao-Kouamé (2018) - Its exclusive use leads to an increase in acidity, a deterioration of physical status and a decrease in soil organic matter (Boli and Roose, 2000). Under the influence of organic fertilizer, soil organic matter levels varied from 26.49 to 38.08 g.kg-1, with manure quantities (Table 4). Keywords: bean; bean teguments; cassava; chemical; cmol.kg-1; cocoa; cocoa bean; development; journal; soil; table; teguments
• Effects of chitin nanofiber application on plant growth and its differences by soil type by Endo, Tsuneyoshi ; Inoue, Yuzuki; Kato, Shun ; Kaminaka, Hironori ; Ifuku, Shinsuke (2023) - Root lengths in the 0.01% and 0.05% CNF treatments were almost identical to those in the RO water treatment. The CNF might be decomposed at an early stage, and nitrate nitrogen levels might have once increased but been absorbed by the plants under CNF treatment with fertilizer in Entisols (Figure 4). Keywords: application; caco3; chitin; cnf; growth; plant; protein; soil; treatment
• Effects of Irrigation Water Quality on the Recovery of 15N-Fertilizer by Sorghum in Field Study by Khelil, Mohamed Naceur ; Destain , Jean Pierre ; Rejeb , Saloua ; Henchi, Belgacem (2011) - Although fertilizer recovery by the crop can be determined by the use of both unlabeled and labeled N fertilizer (Westerman and Kurtz, 1974; The greater losses of waste water N compared with fertilizer N were attributed to enhanced denitrification due oxidizable C in the waste water. Keywords: fertilizer; irrigation; nitrogen; recovery; soil; total; tww; water
• A survey of soil fertility in turfgrass soil of Japanese golf courses by using SOFIX technique by Tran, Quoc Thinh ; Islam, Zakirul ; Kubo, Motoki (2025) - Generally, soil bacterial biomass depends on the total amount of organic matter in the soil. Evaluation of soil bacterial biomass using environmental DNA extracted by slow-stirring method. Keywords: biomass; courses; fields; golf; soil; turfgrass; values
• Effects of Long Term Cropping Systems on Soil Chemical Properties by Mazarura , U; Chisango , C (2012) - Available soil P was extracted using an anion-exchange resin method which utilizes Dowex 21K in the chloride form and involves leaching of phosphate with NaOH followed by HCl. After 9 years, tobacco-grass rotations showed higher soil C than monocropping, regardless of variety. Keywords: grass; km10; rk8; rotation; soil; vol
• Improvement Tests on the Germination in Lippia Multiflora: Influence of Some Factors Related to Soil on Germination and Seedling Development by Alphonse, Alui Konan ; Célestin , Ballo Koffi ; Ahoua , Yapi ; Hypolite , Kouadio Konan-Kan ; Patrice, Kouadio Koffi ; Nantarie , Touré ; Antoine, N’Guessan Kouamé ; Eric , Kwadjo Koffi ; Albert , Yao-Kouamé (2013) - Lippia multiflora seeds are small and dry. Results Rate and Speed of Germination Considering the criteria and germination parameters defined above, we find that 10 days after the sowing, germination rate (% G) of Lippia multiflora seeds differs statistical analysis, according to the type of treatment (FCAL = 25.72; ** PC = 0.00). Keywords: development; germination; lippia; multiflora; rate; root; seeds; soil; substrates
• The Effect of Two Formulations of Sulfentrazone on Soil and Leaf Residues and Phytotoxicity in Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) by Mashayamombe , Bertha K; Mazarura, Upenyu ; Chiteka , Albert (2013) - The leaf residues levels were within the acceptable range of the standard for sulfentrazone residues set by CORESTA which is 1 ppm (Brinson, 2008). Tobacco phytotoxicity at 27 days after transplanting (DAT) and soil residues at 12 WAT was measured. Keywords: formulation; p<0.05; phytotoxicity; residues; soil; sulfentrazone

• Assessment of Benefits Derived from SACDP/IFAD through Community based Participatory Projects in Bodinga Zone by M, Attahiru; Abubakar , B. Z; Barau, A. A (2014) - This is in line with Olawoye, (1989) and Abdullahi, (1996) as cited by Yahuza, (2000) who observed that female respondents do not participate actively in community development project, despite the significant role they need to play in community development projects. This indicates that most of the people that benefitted from community development project in the zone are farmers and traders, even though others engaged in other worthwhile activities. Keywords: community; development; percent; project; respondents; rural; table
• Attitude and Perception of Rural Women towards the Formation and Membership of Self-Help Groups in Kaduna State, Nigeria by Ezeh, C. C; Ezeh, O. H (2016) - Abstract 1 This study was carried out to elicit the attitude and perception of rural women in Kaduna State, Nigeria, towards the formation and membership of self-help groups (SHGs). Keyword: Attitude, perception, self-help groups, rural women 1. INTRODUCTION Keywords: formation; membership; respondents; rural; shgs; study; women
• Gender Participation in Forestry and Agro-Forestry Practices in Sapele Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria by Isiorhovoja , R. A. (2013) - No other means of survival Rising cost of living 11(23.40%) 22 (46.80%) 4 (8.50%) 7 (14.90%) 3 (6.40%) 0 (0.00%) 5 (11.40%) 13 (29.50%) 12 (27.30%) 5 (11.40%) 6 (13.60%) 3 (6.80%) 16 (17.60%) 35 (38.90%) 16 (17.80%) 12 (13.30%) 9 (10.00%) 3.30%) The findings, among others, were that: though there was significant difference in gender distribution by occupation within the subsector, there was no significant gender disparity in gender involvement in terms of number; there was no significant gender difference in the educational qualifications of the operators. Keywords: development; female; forestry; gender; respondents; subsector; table; total; women

• Land Reform: An Analysis of Definitions, Types and Approaches by Tarisayi, Kudzayi Savious (2014) - Most scholars and development agencies are concentrating on the success or lack thereof, of land reforms without interrogating the concept of land reform. An analysis of what constitutes land reform facilitates further analysis of the success of examples of land reforms around the world. Keywords: approach; countries; development; land; reform; world
• GIS and Remote Sensing Techniques for Measuring Agriculture Land Loss in Balik Pulau Region of Penang State, Malaysia by Mohammed , Khalid Sabbar ; Elhadary, Yasin ; Samat , Narimah ; Omar, Najat Qader (2015) - Keywords: Agriculture, urbanization, land use changes, GIS, remote sensing, Malaysia 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Currently, urbanization and its impact on agriculture have received considerable attention by planners, researchers, and policymakers (Elhadary et al., 2013) due to it is negative impact on livelihood and food security. Data availability is an important issue in monitoring land use changes since data input and database creation is time consuming and costly (Samat, 2006). Keywords: agricultural; areas; development; expansion; island; land; malaysia; penang; study; urban; urbanization; use
• A Hedonic Analysis of Agricultural Land Prices in Pakistan’s Peshawar District by Khan, Salman ; Ali, Ghaffar ; Shah, Syed Attaullah; Jan, Abbas Ullah; Jan , Dawood; Fayaz, M (2016) - Findings from hedonic analysis of agricultural land prices show that agricultural land located closer to city, highway or houses has significantly higher price compared to a more distant land. Pakistan Abstract This study investigates determinants for agricultural land prices in Peshawar district of Pakistan. Keywords: agricultural; characteristics; distance; land; meters; model; peshawar; prices; value
• Chinese Experiences and Lessons Learnt in Agricultural Development Since 1949 by M. A, Bin Jiang; Herman , Joost; Zhao, Yongjun (2017) - In the past six decades, especially in the recent forty years, Chinese agricultural development has made remarkable achievements, however, behind these achievements; the reality of Chinese agricultural development had been through different phases and went through ups and downs. Since the founder of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, the history of Chinese agricultural development can be divided into three phases and different phase has different characteristics. Keywords: agricultural; areas; china; chinese; development; economy; issues; land; people; period; system
• Cucurbits Cultivation under Diara-Land by Singh , Pradeep Kumar (2012) - Anthesis duration Tender green fruit Optimum length 20-25 cm 3 Pointed gourd 80-90 days after transplanting Anthesis duration Green fruits having tender seeds Optimum length 20-25 cm 4 Ivy gourd Tender immature fruits Anthesis duration Green fruits having tender seeds Optimum length 20-25 cm 5 Ash gourd 75-125 days after sowing Anthesis duration Full mature stage White wax deposition on skin 6 Bottle gourd 60-100 days after sowing 12-15 days after fruit setting Pressing the skin and little pubescence persisting on the skin Nail test Light green colour Seed should be soft, if examined in transverse section 7 Luffa species 55-60 days after sowing, 6-7 days after anthesis Anthesis duration Fruit should not turn fibrous and picking should be done earlier Picking at 4-5 days interval Diseases and Pests The mixed cropping has some advantages in that it gives river-bed farmer continuous income from March to June, and cushions the losses or failure of any crop. An early cultivar matures in 85 days with round fruits, moderately sweet A hybrid between kutana and resistant no. 6 of the U.S.A. Released by I.A.R.I. New Delhi. Keywords: cucurbits; days; diara; fruits; gourd; green; land; melon

• Identification, selection and observation of Nuansa Sanggabuana soybean, its yield and resistancy to diseases by Komariah, Ai; Noertjahyani; Hardedi; Buhturi, Salman (2017) - Corresponding author ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 12-Mar-2017 Accepted: 10-Apr-2017 Online available: 25-Apr- 2017 Keywords: Description, Glycine max, Identification, Resistance, Selection, Yield ABSTRACT Study to get Nuansa Sanggabuana (NS) of Karawang soybean variety to be released to become superior variety was conducted district of Karawang, West Java province, from 2010 to 2014. a 16.75 b 21.45 b 2.68 b Anjasmoro 14.87 bc 12.70 c 16.52 c 2.07 c Argomulyo 15.39 b 11.69 d 15.25 d 1.91 d Orba 13.33 c 8.81 e 11.18 e 1.40 e Grobogan 19.22 a 18.03 a 23.40 a 2.93 a Rajabasa 14.92 bc 12.24 cd 15.28 d 1.91 d Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(1)2017: 17-27 23 Explanation: Mean which are followed by the same letter in the same coloumn are not significant difference based on Significant different range test p> 5% Based on Table 5 could be known that component of production character performance of NS Karawang variety, generally, almost equal the performance from National Superior Variety which already distributed to people, even weight of 100 grains of NS Karawang variety was the same as Grobogan variety and more superior from Anjasmoro, Argomulyo, Orba and Rajabasa varieties. Keywords: dap; development; disease; karawang; number; plant; resistance; rust; seed; soybean; test; variety; view; yield
• Participatory evaluation and selection of improved haricot bean varieties at liben district, lowland agro ecology of Guji zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia by Kebede, Basha ; Korji , Dembi ; Amare, Girma (2018) - Thus participatory evaluation and selection of haricot bean varieties was initiated (i) to evaluate the yield performance of improved haricot bean varieties (ii) to build pastoral and agro pastoral knowledge and skills on production and management of haricot bean (iii) to assess pastoral and agro pastoral Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(8)2017: 160-166 162 haricot bean variety preference and (iv) to enhance linkage with participating stakeholders through Pastoral and Agro Pastoral Research Group approach. The relative weight criteria (4= very important, 3 = important, 2= somewhat important, 1= not important) Figure 1: Participatory variety selection at Liben, Measa Kebele, 2016 4. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Participatory demonstration of haricot bean varieties was conducted in pastoral and agro pastoral. Keywords: agro; bean; haricot; pastoral; research; varieties; variety; view; yield
• Morpho-physiology, yield and quality assessment on five local landrace Chilli Germplasms by Chowdhury, Md Shah Newaz ; Sarkar, Shahnaz ; Uddin, AFM Jamal ; Sultana, Tania; Roni, MZK ; Islam, Rabiul (2018) - Data randomly selected on different parameter, for example, plant height (cm), branches plant -1 , leaf plant -1 , days to flower bud initiation after transplanting, flowers plant -1 (counting up to 60 days after first flowering), fruits plant -1 , single fruit fresh weight (g), fruit Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 7(11)2017: 233-243 235 diameter (mm), fruit length (mm), 1000 seed weight (g), vitamin-C content in green chilli fruits (mg per 100 g fruit), vitamin-C content in dry chilli fruits (mg per 100 g fruit), protein contain in chilli fruits (% per 100 g fruit), yield plant -1 (g) and fresh fruit yield (t ha -1 ). Purseglove (1968) found that chilli fruits contain 3 percent protein. Keywords: chilli; dongfou; fruit; germplasm; kajoli; morich; plant; variation; view; yield
• Stability of Maize Hybrids across Environments Using Gge Biplot and Ammi Analysis by Abid, Saleem ; Zahid, Saleem (2019) - The environments explained about 78 percent of the total yield variation followed by genotype by environment interaction. The first two interaction principal component axes (IPCA1 and IPCA2) explained about 63 percent of the grain yield variation due to genotype and genotype by environment interaction (GGE). Keywords: ammi; analysis; environments; genotype; hybrids; interaction; maize; view; yield
• GGE Biplot Analysis of Multi-Location Yield Trial of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Genotypes in South-Eastern, Nigeria by Njei, Abua Mary; Akpan, Iwo, Godfery ; Asim, Ittah, Macauley ; Edet, Obok Ekemini ; Emu, Edugbo Richmond (2020) - Key: G1 = UG1; G2 = UG1-11-07; G3 = UG1-13-02; G4 = UG1-2-35; G5 = UG1-5-04; G6 = UG1-5-18; G7 = UG1-5-22; G8 = UG1-5-31; G9 = UG1-5-35; G10 = UG1-5-38; G11 = UG1-5-48; G12 = UG1-5-49; G13 = UG1-5-52; G14 = UG1-7-24; G15 = UG2; G16 = UG2-11-03; G17 = UG2-9-01; E1 = Calabar 2016; E2 = Calabar 2017; E3 = Ikom 2016; E4 = Ikom 2017; E5 = Ogoja 2016; E6 = Ogoja 2017 Figure 11: Relationship among the test environments and their discriminating ability for rhizome yield (t/ha) Key: G1 = UG1; G2 = UG1-11-07; G3 = UG1-13-02; G4 = UG1-2-35; G5 = UG1-5-04; G6 = UG1-5-18; G7 = UG1-5-22; G8 = UG1-5-31; G9 = UG1-5-35; G10 = UG1-5-38; G11 = UG1-5-48; G12 = UG1-5-49; G13 = UG1-5-52; G14 = UG1-7-24; G15 = UG2; G16 = UG2-11-03; G17 = UG2-9-01; E1 = Calabar 2016; E2 = Calabar 2017; E3 = Ikom 2016; E4 = Ikom 2017; E5 = Ogoja 2016; E6 = Ogoja 2017 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10(1)2020: 485-503 496 Figure 12 displays the GGE biplot environment ranking view for rhizome yield (t/ha). Figure 2: Representativeness and ranking of the environments for a number of rhizome fingers per plant Key: G1 = UG1; G2 = UG1-11-07; G3 = UG1-13-02; G4 = UG1-2-35; Keywords: = ogoja; biplot; calabar; e5 =; environment; genotype; gge; ikom; ug1; ug2; yield
• The Effect of Fertilizers on the Growth and the Yield of Ramie (Boehmeria nivea L. Gaud) by Subandi , M (2012) - Ramie plant neeed more nutrients to maintain the capasity of the plant to grow well and to produce satisfactory yield, and ramie plant is a rabust plant. Ramie plant requires much nutrition to support the rapid growth and the big volumeous biomass removed from soil. Keywords: fibre; growth; kg n; plant; ramie; sheep dung; stalk; ton; ton sheep; treatment; weight; yield
• Changing agrometeorological conditions for maize (Zea mays L.) under the subtropical climate of northern Vietnam by Tran, Anh Thi Mai; Eitzinger, Josef (2025) - Assessment of future seasonal maize growing conditions and risks in northern Vietnam (WM, SM, FM periods). Furthermore, we expect to contribute to the development of adaptation options, such as new crop management and cropping strategies under future climate change conditions for Vietnamese stakeholders. Keywords: climate; conditions; crop; days; future; growing; journal; maize; nguyen; number; period; precipitation; rcp8.5; scenarios; season; stress; vietnam; yield
• Assessment of Feed Supplementation to Dairy Goat: Results of Research and Technology Dissemination Trials by Anwar, Muhammad Zubair; Ali, Akhter; Khan, M. Azeem ; Shah, Nisar Ali ; Saeed, Ikram (2012) - While with feed supplementation average milk yield increased across the breeds but relatively increase was higher in Desi breed (620ml). While with feed supplementation average milk yield increased across the breeds but relatively increase was higher in Desi breed (620ml). Keywords: dairy; feed; feed supplementation; goat; milk; percent; supplementation; table; women; yield

• Comparing the Local Climate Change and its Effects on Physiological Aspects and Yield of Ramie Cultivated in Different Biophysical Environments by Subandi , M (2014) - However, these percentages were still lower than the good humidity for ramie plant growth. The experiment were conducted to evaluate the environments, seasons, manure, nitrogen and potassium effect on the physiological aspects and yield of ramie plant (Boehmerianivea L. Gaud).The locations diverse at different elevation, rainfall type and soil type and atmospheric regimes. Keywords: bandung; change; chlorophyll; climate; effect; experiment; fiber; figure; growth; plant; rainfall; ramie; water
• Effects of Moisture Stress Levels at Different Growth Stages on Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Genotype by Ndimbo, M. A; Nchimbi-Msolla, S; Semu, E (2015) - Plant heights were higher when moisture stress was imposed at later plant growth stages. Effect of moisture stress levels at different growing stages on nodulation In the greenhouse, there was a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in number of nodules per plant with advancing plant growth stages while nodulation was significantly (P = 0.05) reduced in the 25% moisture regime (Table 7). Keywords: biomass; effect; growth; growth stages; moisture; moisture regime; moisture stress; nodules; plant; regime; root; stages; table
• Effects of Several Cultivars', Mulch and Fertilizer Applications on Plant Growth and Development Criteria and Plant's Nutrition Elements Uptake in Organic Strawberry Plantation in Nevşehir City by Şener , Sevinç; Türemiş, Nurgül F (2017) - Black plastic mulch 25.96 48.15 78.03 a 16.91 a Tekstil 25.49 48.37 78.47 a 16.73 a Talaş 24.37 46.59 74.31 b 15.71 b Mean separation rows by Duncan’s multiple test at 0.05 level Growth responses of strawberry plants in different fertilizer types are shown in Table 5. In some studies conducted by Gülbağ (2010) and Aras (2009), strawberry cultivars showed similar results; 25.07-26.87 cm average plant height ranges (Gülbağ, 2010), 26.7-29.64 cm plant height values ranges for ‘Camarosa’ cultivar (Aras, 2009). Keywords: camarosa; cultivars; development; effects; fertilizer; growth; mulch; plant; plastic; strawberry
• Agriculture Development Programs for Poverty Reduction Evidences from Indonesia and China - Comparative Study Case by Rusliyadi, Muhamad ; Libin, Wang (2018) - Table 1: Comparison some critical point of policies and development of agriculture in China and Indonesia by period Period Critical Point Indonesia China 1950-1970 Physic Program vs. Land social reform Infrastructure program and intensification Land Reform Policy 1970-1980 Base on agriculture Vs. Agriculture annual growth (%) Agricultural GDP (Million $ constant 2000 prices) China Indonesia China Indonesia China Indonesia China Indonesia 1978 250,00 47,20 30,70 33,30 4.1 5.2 * * 1980 * 42,30 * 28,60 -1.5 6.92 * * 1981 * 40,60 * 26,90 7 4.80 * * 1984 128 35,00 15.1 21,60 12.9 4.62 * * 1987 125,00 30,00 14,8 17,40 4.7 2.1 * * 1990 85,00 27,20 9,40 15,10 7.3 2.8 * * 1993 70,00 25,90 7,70 13,70 4.7 2.1 * * 1996 65,00 39,30 7,10 17,75 5.1 3.1 152,494 23,981 1997 49,62 34,01 5,40 17,47 3.5 1.0 * * 1998 42,10 49,50 4,60 24,23 3.5 -1.3 * * 1999 34,12 47,97 3,70 23,43 2.8 2.2 180,881 25,867 2000 32,09 38,70 3,50 19,14 2.4 1.9 * * 2001 29,27 37,90 3,20 18,41 2.8 3.3 * * 2002 28,20 38,40 3,00 18,20 2.9 3.4 207,680 29,346 2003 29,00 Keywords: agricultural; china; countries; development; economic; gdp; growth; imports; indonesia; policy; poverty; reduction; rural; sector; year
• Growth Induction of Cavendish Buds (Musa Acuminata L.) on Difference Concentration of IBA and BA in Vitro by M, Subandi; Jannata, Arkhan ; Hasani, Sofiya (2019) - The result showed an interaction between IBA and BA on the parameters of shoot growth and the number of leaves at 6 WAC. Cytokinin is a hormone that plays a role in shoot growth (Triningsih et al., 2013). Keywords: buds; cavendish; culture; development; growth; iba; l-1; number; shoots; treatment; wac
• Response Kailan Plants (Brassica oleraceae L.) to the Immersion Plant Growth Regulator (GA3) with Various Types Growing Media by Ginandjar, Salamet ; Dikayani; Nurhakim, Fajri Syahid (2019) - The success of plant growth is determined by the development of its roots. The amount of nutrient uptake for plants is very much determined by the balance of water and air in the planting media, if the air and water are balanced in the planting media, the plant roots will absorb nutrients in sufficient quantities so that plant growth will increase (Harjadi, 1988). Keywords: dap; ga3; growth; leaves; media; number; plant; planting; types; weight; zpt
• The Effect of Stem Segment Cuttings of Robusta Coffee (Coffea canephora) on Growth of Root and Leaf Sprout by Simanjuntak, Bistok Hasiholan ; Wardani, Devi Kusuma (2021) - Effects of stem segment cuttings on Robusta coffee (C. canephora) root length, leaf sprout height, and leaf sprout number. Upper stem cuttings have higher rates of auxin synthesis, less tissue differentiation, and are more sensitive to dehydration. Keywords: coffee; cuttings; growth; leaf; plant; robusta; root; segment; shoot; sprout; stem; stem cuttings; stem segment
• Organogenesis of corn plants (Zea mays L.) at various concentrations of auxin and cytokinin plant growth regulators in vitro by Hairuddin, Rahman ; Idris, Muh Yusuf ; Nur, Kamil (2023) - The results revealed that the administration of auxin and cytokinin plant growth regulators had a significant effect on the parameters of germination age and plantlet weight, but it had no significant effect on the parameters of plant height, number of roots, root length, and number of leaves. This study aimed to determine the effect of auxin and cytokinin concentrations as plant growth regulators (PGR) on the organogenesis of corn plants in vitro. Keywords: auxin; average; bap; corn; cytokinin; growth; ml naa; number; plant; regulators; root
• Physiological responses of aloe vera to salt stress in coastal sandy soil: Morpho-physiological evaluation for sustainable cultivation by Aprilia, Rennanti Lunnadiyah ; Purwanto, Edi ; Suryanti, Venty ; Rahayu, Muji (2025) - 3. FINDINGS The inquiry discoveries show that seed beginning and saltiness levels impact the abdicate of Aloe vera plants. Example of Aloe vera leaf color grown on coastal sandy soil. Keywords: aloe; biomass; color; development; growth; journal; leaf; leaf weight; levels; nacl; plant; root; salinity; salt; saltiness; stress; vera; water; weight
• Production of Biodiesel and Growth of Staurastrum sp. in Response to CO2 Induction by Salim , Mohamad Agus; Yuniarti , Yeni; Taufikurohman , Opik (2013) - The highest fresh weight and dry weight was occurred in Staurastrum sp culture with treatment CO2 induction followed by air induction and control. The highest biodiesel production was occurred in Staurastrum sp culture with treatment CO2 induction at 31.95%-weight followed by air induction at 19.65%-weight and control at 16.52%-weight. Keywords: biodiesel; co2; control; growth; induction; staurastrum; treatment
• Physiological Pattern of Leaf Growth at Various Plucking Cycles Applied to Newly Released Clones of Tea Plant (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) by Subandi, M; Dikayani; Nurjanah , Diani (2013) - Other effort to increase the production is by applying new agronomical practices among other is the plucking cycle of tea leaves. Tea plant grows in physiological condition to have the harvesting applied by plucking its sprout. Keywords: clones; days; gambung; growth; leaves; number; pecco; plant; plucking; tea

• Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Olive Trees in Kairouan, Tunisia by Kamiyama, Hajime; Kefi, Mohamed ; Kashiwagi, Kenichi (2021) - Also, it was found that there are large differences in irrigation water use efficiency between the CRS and VRS specifications. Contribution/Originality: This study is one of very few to have evaluated irrigation water use efficiency in olive trees using Data Envelopment Analysis. Keywords: efficiency; farms; irrigation; olive; study; use; vrs; water; water use
• Farmer Cards: Model, Database, Accuracy, and Improvement in Goverment Quality Service by Harun, Dani Ramdani; Priyanto, Sony Heru ; Suharti, Liely (2021) - The application of farmer card information technology still has many weaknesses. Given the description above, the objective of this study is to explain the independent variables, such as individual aspects, the dynamics of farmer groups, social support, infrastructure conditions, and the role of the government, and also the effect of mediation variables on farmers’ perceptions towards farmer card technology on the adoption of farmer cards. Keywords: adoption; cards; development; farmer; government; information; information technology; innovation; journal; leadership; model; research; technology; use

• Forecasting Import Demand of Table Grapes: Empirical Evidence from Thailand by Jatuporn , Chalermpon; Sukprasert, Patana ; Tongchure, Siros ; Suvanvihok, Vasu ; Thongkaew, Supat (2020) - Factors affecting table grape production: Introductory analysis. For the variable (QGRAPE), the number of table grape imports is used with the harmonize code of 08061000. Keywords: demand; forecasting; grapes; import; journal; model; series; table; thailand; time
• The Future of Saudi Arabia’s Date Exports Using a Cointegration Model by Alnafissa, Mohamad; Alderiny, Mahmoud ; Alamri, Yosef ; Alhashim, Jawad (2021) - The study assumes that the future quantity of Saudi date exports, 𝑌𝑡 , is determined by a set of economic factors such as the domestic production of dates, denoted by 𝑋1𝑡 , the amount of domestic consumption of dates, denoted by 𝑋2𝑡 , the average export price 𝑋3𝑡 , and the comparative advantage of date exports with respect other agricultural export products (𝑋4𝑡). Trend 1 Table 1 shows that the forecast for Saudi date exports (Y), the domestic production of dates (𝑋1), and the comparative advantage of date exports with respect to other agricultural export products (𝑋4) are stationary at the first difference, then integrated at the level 𝑌, 𝑋1, 𝑋4~𝐼(1). Keywords: arabia; cointegration; date; exports; model; relationship; saudi; test; variables
• Structural change in Thailand’s tobacco leaf exports: Implications of tobacco control in ASEAN countries by Jaroensathapornkul, Jirawat (2023) - Yanikkaya et al., 2013) and price (Bangara & Dunne, 2018; Rahmawati, 2013), but also tobacco control policies affect tobacco leaf exports. Aside from the Burley export issue, the Information Technology and Communication Center of the Ministry of Commerce reports that, over two decades, the value of tobacco exports decreased from 67.59 Million USD in 2000 to 30.48 Million USD in 2020. Keywords: control; countries; exports; leaf; model; policies; test; thailand; tobacco; tobacco control
• Market Power of the Japanese Non-GM Soybean Import Market: The U.S. Exporters vs. Japanese Importers by Yamaura , Koichi (2011) - The U.S.-Japan partial equilibrium trade model incorporated the U.S. residual Non-GM soybean supply for Japan, the Japanese residual demand for U.S. Non-GM soybeans, and the equilibrium condition, where the U.S. residual Non-GM soybean supply equals the Japanese residual Non-GM soybean demand. In 1997, U.S. Non-GM soybeans were planted on over 95% of the total U.S. soybean acres. Keywords: china; imports; japanese; market; model; non; power; soybean; u.s; yjpn
• Agronomic structural transformation in Africa: The role of external finance by Dinga, Gildas Dohba ; Mah, Gisele (2025) - Secondly, it makes a general comparison of how different sources of external finance impact agronomic transformation within African economies. Section 2 presents an overview of the literature on how different sources of external finance influence agronomic structural transformation. Keywords: africa; agricultural; debt; development; economic; economies; effect; fdi; finance; investment; journal; model; oda; remittances; sector; study; transformation

• Nutritional composition of cocoyam (Colocasia Esculenta), grown in manicaland province in Zimbabwe by A, Matikiti ; J, Allemann ; G, Kujeke ; E, Gasura ; T, Masekesa ; I, Chabata (2017) - Recent studies in other crops have revealed that use of intergrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizer influences yield and nutritional composition of the crops (Hota et al., 2016). The main nutrient provided by cocoyam, as with many other root and tuber crops, is the dietary energy supplied by carbohydrates (O’Hair, 1990). Keywords: cocoyam; composition; content; crop; development; google; journal; scholar; variety; view; zimbabwe

• Characterization of Rural Organizations in a Forest-Based Economy: A Socio-Institutional Approach by Brahim, Marwa Ben ; Nasr, Jamel Ben; Zaibet, Lokman (2021) - 4. CONCLUSION Using PRA techniques, we characterized local development organizations based on communities’ perception of socio-institutional attributes. This system focuses mainly on modernizing the existing processes and mechanisms of natural capital management (enhancing profits, redistributing wealth, integrating excluded categories, etc.) collectively without effective state intervention. Keywords: capital; communities; development; journal; management; organizations; resources; state; system; trust
• A Critical Analysis of Climate Change Factors and its Projected Future Values in Delta State, Nigeria by P. O, Emaziye; Okoh , R. N; Ike , P. C (2012) - “Outline Geography of Urhoboland”, Retrieved from http://www.waado.org/Geography/UrhoboGeography- Aweto.htm Delta state government (N. D) About Delta State, Retrieved from www.deltastate.gov.ng FAO (2007) “National Programmes for Food Security: FAO’s vision of a World without hunger. At inception, Delta state was made up of twelve political divisions called Local Government areas (LGA’s), later increased to 19 in 1996. Keywords: change; climate; delta; rainfall; state; temperature; trend
• Relative Efficiency of Small and Medium Scale Agribusiness Enterprises in Imo State, Nigeria. by Emeka , Emesowum Charles ; A, Mbanasor Jude (2013) - The result depicted that both enterprises were not efficient but small scale enterprise was more efficient than medium scale enterprise. Conclusion The study observed that economic efficiency of small and medium scale enterprises varied due to the presence of economic inefficiency effects in production with small scale enterprise been more efficient than medium scale enterprise in the area. Keywords: agribusiness; efficiency; enterprises; medium; price; rate; scale; state

• The dynamic impact of government agricultural expenditure on the agricultural value added in ASEAN-5 countries by Jaroensathapornkul, Jirawat (2025) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 39 The dynamic impact of government agricultural expenditure on the agricultural value added in ASEAN-5 countries Jirawat Jaroensathapornkul Faculty of Economics, Srinakharinwirot University, Thailand. This study aims to investigate the long-run and short-run impacts of government agricultural expenditure on agricultural value added in ASEAN-5 countries. Keywords: agricultural; countries; development; expenditure; government; impact; indonesia; intercept; spending; test; thailand; trend; value
• Technological Innovation Capacity: Impact Factors in National Agricultural Research Organisations in Nigeria by Ukaejiofo, Rex Uzonna (2013) - Factors which existing literature show as influencing agricultural technological innovations were identified and selected. The understanding of the fact that concept development should come first in all of these should be a pre-condition for agricultural technological innovation. Keywords: agricultural; development; factors; innovation; linkages; organisations; research; systems

• Seasonal Distribution, Antimicrobial Activity, and Risk Factors Associated with the Incidence of Staphylococcus Species in Bovine Milk from a Dairy Farm in Eastern Cape, South Africa by Monday, Idamokoro Emrobowansan; Hosu, Yiseyon Sunday (2022) - The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence and seasonal distribution of Staphylococcus species on a medium-scale dairy farm and investigate their antimicrobial sensitivity with selected standard antibiotics. Contribution/Originality: The paper's primary contribution is finding that there was high incident rate and multiple drug resistance of Staphylococcus species against selected antibiotics such as penicillin that is used in dairy farms. Keywords: cows; dairy; farm; isolates; journal; mastitis; milk; resistance; staphylococcus; staphylococcus species; study

• Assessment of the Effect of Fungicide and Seed Rate on the Incidence of Leaf Blast (Magnaphorthe Grisea), On the Growth of Foxtail Millet (Setaria Italica (L.) P. BEAUV) in North-eastern Nigeria by Turaki , Z. G. S; Richard , B. I; Degri, M. M. (2014) - The highest plant height and panicle length were recorded from plants grown at fungicide seed treatment ranging from 80-100% at seed rate of 5.0kg/ha. Results and discussions Results in (Table 1) showed that in 2007 cropping season, the effect of fungicide seed treatment levels and seed rates on diseases incidence and grain yield were significant in both Maiduguri and Gashua agro ecological locations. Keywords: fungicide; gashua; incidence; maiduguri; millet; plant; rate; seed
• Ecological Interaction between Insect Pests, Climatic Factors and Plant Traits on Abundance of Beneficial Insects in Paddy Field by R, Norazliza; Z, Mohd Rasdi; I, Fauziah; R, Ismail; M. N, Mohd Hanysyam (2016) - This study was aimed to study on ecological interaction between environmental factors such as insect pests, plant height, rainfall, temperature and humidity with abundance of beneficial insects in paddy field of Sungai Burong, Tanjung Karang, Selangor for two seasons of paddy planting. Therefore, consideration on several stated factors by maintaining or conserving ecology and controlling practices in good manner in paddy field has high potential and more reliable to control insect pests effectively using beneficial insects. Keywords: abundance; factors; field; insects; interaction; paddy; pests; plant
• In Vivo Propagation of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Cultivars by Khan , Farhat Ali; Irum, Shabana; Erum , Shazia; Muhammad , Aish ; Nouroz , Faisal ; Kanwal , Saima (2017) - In order to evaluate the morphological and qualitative characteristics of potato tubers total 35 genotypes were selected for propagation and trait screening. Consequential differences and diverse characteristics were found in all the genotypes after cultivation, wherein, among all the traits zina red, CIP 07, CIP 12, CIP 22, gave the highest results regarding yield and quality of potato tubers except CIP 03 which has low germination percentage and significant quality characters. Keywords: c ip; cip; genotypes; number; plant; potato; size; tuber
• Influence of salinity levels on vegetative development of landrace dwarf common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes by Ulukapi, Kamile; Aydinsakir, Köksal (2018) - % Difference 6.64 HI 0.0 6.76 HI 1,8 4.63 TV -30,3 2.42 c -63,5 5.12 ghı BKARA1A % Difference 6.36 IM 0.0 9.59 B 50,7 4.01 VX -37 1.53 d -76 5.37 fg BKARA2 % Difference 4.46 UV 0.0 4.38 UW -1,7 4.40 UW -1,3 3.69 XZ -17,1 4.23 k BY4 % Difference 6.46 IK 0.0 6.50 HK 0,7 5.20 NR -13 3.19 Yb -50,6 5.44 f BY24 % Difference 5.29 PS 0.0 7.59 FG 43,4 3.63 Xa -31,5 3.07 ab -42,1 4.90 ıj ISGA1 % Difference 9.51 BC 0.0 11.81 Salinity average 4.50 a 4.16 c 4.45 b 4.16 c LSD%5genotype: 0.0553 LSD%5genotypex salinity: 0.1106 LSD%5salinity: 0.0277 Genotype (G): * Salt concentration (S): * GXS: * Means with different letters in the same lines are significantly different at P≤ 0.05 by LSD test *Statistically significant at 5% level The stem diameter measurements obtained in salinity levels of different common bean genotypes used in the study are given in Table 8. Keywords: .0001; bean; development; difference; genotypes; leaf; length; levels; plant; salinity; salt; stress; view; weight
• Susceptibility and Resistant of Different Host Varieties of Oil Palm and Coconut Palm towards Pest, Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes Rhinoceros) by I, Izaitul Aida; Z, Mohd Rasdi; R, Ismail; M. B, Ismeazilla; K, Mohd Faizol; Z, Muhammad Shakir; A, Nur Fakriyah; S. M, Noor Shuhaina (2020) - Therefore, oil palm plant varieties could influence the population of the Oryctes rhinoceros because probably they are attracted to the v Zolatile c ompounds that presence in the oil palm itself. Again, population of female Oryctes rhinoceros was found to be significantly difference (t = 2.976, P < 0.05) in mean number due to oil palm varieties. Keywords: coconut; female; oil; oryctes; oryctes rhinoceros; palm; plant; population; rhinoceros; varieties; week
• Recombinant Protein Foliar Application Activates Systemic Acquired Resistance and Increases Tolerance against Papaya Dieback Disease by Abu-Bakar, Norliza; Juri, Nor Mustaiqazah; Abu-Bakar, Ros Azrinawati Hana; Sohaime, Mohd Zulfadli ; Badrun, Rafidah; Sarip, Johari ; Hassan, Mohd Azhar ; Ahmad, Khairulmazmi (2021) - The activation of SAR markers suggested that HRPX recombinant protein had induced papaya plant resistance via a SAR mechanism. Inoculation of E. mallotivora in papaya plants was conducted 1 week after the final formulation treatment. Keywords: analysis; dieback; disease; domain; expression; hrpx; journal; mallotivora; papaya; pcr; plant; protein; resistance; sar
• Effect of Planting Time on Growth and Corm Yield of Chinese Water Chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam by Quoc, Dao Phu ; Nga, Nguyen Phi ; Thach, Le Buu (2021) - Corm yield was higher with a planting in May (525 g/plant), November (440 g/plant), and March (325 g/plant), intermediate with a planting in July (196 g/plant), and lower with a planting in January (116 g/plant) and September (55 g/plant). The ratio of stem biomass/total biomass in E1 was the highest with up to 50% of the total biomass, leading to lower corm biomass, compared to E3 and E6. Keywords: biomass; corm; plant; stem; water
• Indigenous Plant-Based Alternatives for Treating Cattle Skin Ailments: A Case Study from the Mnisi Tribal Authority of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa by Maluleke, G; Masoko, P; Chitura, T (2022) - The results of the present study showed that plant extracts of C. quandrangularis had moderate antioxidant activity against all the pathogens tested. Plant species used by the informants from the study area to treat common cattle skin ailments. Keywords: africa; ailments; cattle; cupulare; extracts; journal; mic; plant; skin; south; study
• Productivity of corn (Zea mays) under varying drought duration and nitrogen application at La, Trinidad, Benguet by Pablo, J P; Awidan, G M; Cacal, D M (2025) - Plant drought stress: Effects, mechanisms and management. In terms of drought stress effects, significant differences were observed in ear length and root weight. Keywords: application; corn; differences; drought; ear; mean; nitrogen; plant; stress
• Characterization of Plant-Parasitic-Nematode Communities Associated with three Species used in Hedges in Western Niger and their Susceptibility to Meloidogyne Javanica by Adamou, Haougui ; Etienne, Sarr ; Hamidou, Balde ; Ali, Doumma; Toudou, Adam (2013) - Migration of plant parasitic nematodes toward plant roots. Conclusion Safe agricultural practice recommend that prior to using plant species in a hedge, they may be thoroughly assessed relative to parasitic phytonematodes, especially of the genus Meloidogyne. Keywords: figure; hedges; juliflora; meloidogyne; nematodes; niger; plant; root; rufescens; senegal; species; trees
• Manufacturing Process and Various uses of Savannah Herbal Tea (Lippia multiflora) in Côte d’Ivoire by Christine, EKISSI Alice ; Albert, YAO-KOUAME ; Georgette, KONAN Amoin ; Alphonse, ALUI Konan ; Georges, AGBO N’Zi ; Séraphin, KATI-COULIBALY (2013) - Material and Methods Study areas and target The survey was carried out in the central, north-eastern and southern part of Côte d’Ivoire, sellers of Lippia multiflora herbal tea, Harvesters and consumers have been the main target. Agribusiness in sustainable natural African plant product: Lippia tea. Keywords: abidjan; cities; herbal; journal; leaves; lippia; multiflora; plant; savannah; savannah tea; tea

• Toxicity of Copper (11) Tetraoxo Sulphate to African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Fingerlings by F. O , Agbebi, ; O, Owoeye, (2012) - Thus, the definitive test was conducted using copper sulphate concentration of 0.10g/L 0.125g/L, Abstract This study was carried out to determine the toxicity of copper sulphate to African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Keywords: clarias; copper; fish; sulphate; test; toxicant; water
• Participation in Development: A Case Study on Local Participation in Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in Vietnam by Toan , Dang Ngoc (2012) - In particular, the questions of whether local participation in development projects should be promoted and whether it would be feasible became a major concern among development practitioners, as the debates on participation and project sustainability continued. Discussion and Conclusion Consistent with the literature review given in this article, eventual findings of the research in this article pointed out that local participation involves more than just physical contributions or the presence of intended beneficiaries in activities of development projects. Keywords: activities; approach; daklak; development; government; participation; participatory; people; project; research; scheme; social; staff; study; vietnam; villagers; water; women
• Exploring the Influence of Coal Rubble and Pine Bark Substrate Mixes on Germination, Spiral Rooting, Substrate Chemical and Physical Properties: Using Tobacco as Test Crop by Mazarura , Upenyu (2013) - The bulk density, total porosity, and aeration porosity, however, were highest with 100% coal rubble and decreased with decreasing coal rubble proportion while water holding porosity increased with decreasing coal proportion. Aeration porosity, total porosity, and bulk density were negatively correlated to germination (14 to 28 DAS) while water holding porosity was positively correlated. Keywords: aeration; bark; coal; coal rubble; holding; pine; porosity; substrate; water

• Assessing the Extension Service Needs of Credit Officers of Microfinance Banks in Anambra State: Implications for Rural Finance Intermediation by Uchenna , Onugu, Charles ; Olabisi , Taiwo Abdulahi ; E, Agbasi Obianuju; Kamaldeen, Lawal (2015) - Keywords: Micro finance banks, rural finance intermediation, credit officers, credit extension service 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Credit is a critical factor in development of agriculture in the rural areas and small business in general. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the board of directors and management of the MFBs should provide capacity building program for credit officers to improve and sustain their knowledge and skills, also they should improve their welfare especially, attractive and encouraging salary, incentives and insurance cover which are paramount to performance. Keywords: banks; clients; credit; credit officers; development; extension; finance; knowledgeable; mfbs; micro; officers; services
• Rural communities’ perception of climate change and its determinants in Dejen district, Nile basin of Ethiopia by Amare, Zerihun Yohannes ; Ayoade, Johnson O; Adelekan, Ibidun O; Zeleke, Menberu Teshome (2018) - This study can help prove the non-existence of significant gender imbalance in climate change perception between male and female-headed households of rural community in the study area. Households receive climate change information from the radio and television (49.8%), development agents (18%), friends/neighbours who have access to information (17%), educated family members (19%) and only some (1.5%) from Kebele leaders. Keywords: access; change; climate; climate change; communities; data; extension; households; increase; information; perception; rainfall; study; temperature; view; weather
• Assessment of Access to Information and Communication Technology among Agricultural Extension Officers in Kwara State, Nigeria by K. F, Omotesho; I. O, Ogunlade; Lawal , Muhammad (2012) - To identify the major constraints to ICT access among the extension officers. The larger the household size, the larger the negative financial impact on the respondents with implications for ICT access. Keywords: access; development; eas; extension; ict; information; officers

• Value Addition to Human Managerial Skills in the Livestock Sector in Nigeria by A. A, Adeyemo; M. P, Longe; A. A, Alakoso (2014) - Some strategies available for escalating human managerial skills in the livestock sector are; on-the-job methods, including understudy, job rotation, coaching, participating in special projects or serving on committees; and off-the-job methods, including special courses, distance learning and sandwich program. It enables livestock project managers to understand, communicate and work in a team with minimum of friction or conflict. Keywords: addition; human; livestock; managers; skills; value
• Assessment of Bio-Energy Potential in Tea Industries of India by Kumar , Sonu ; Pou, K.R Jolvis (2016) - Calorific value of tea waste The calorific value of processing (factory) tea waste samples were determined using bomb calorimeter and the average calorific value of factory tea waste was obtained as 5.012 kWh/kg of tea waste. Online available: 15 August 2016 Keywords: Tea industry, thermal energy, electrical energy, tea waste, processing waste, garden waste Keywords: energy; kwh; tea; value; waste
• Market-Based Strategy to Anticipate Covid-19 Pandemic in Smallholder Rubber Plantations in Riau Province, Indonesia by Khaswarina, Shorea ; Sucherly; Kaltum, Umi ; Ariawaty, R Rina Novianti (2021) - Latent variables Dimensions Manifest variables Symbol Market strategies (X1) Market formation The ability of farmer groups to increase the number of rubber customers X1.01 Rules for the number of processed rubber materials sold to customers X1.02 The study findings will be used to improve rubber marketing performance. Keywords: customer; customer value; effect; marketing; marketing mix; materials; mix; performance; rubber; strategies; strategy; value
• Measuring social return on investment of research projects on Thai functional fruits, fruit trees, and fruit products: A comprehensive study by Kongmanee, Chaiya ; Ahmed, Ferdoushi ; Prommee, Paratta ; Longpichai, Onanong (2025) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 339 Measuring social return on investment of research projects on Thai functional fruits, fruit trees, and fruit products: A comprehensive study Chaiya Kongmaneea,b Ferdoushi Ahmeda,b+ Paratta Prommeea,b Onanong Longpichaia,b aDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, Faculty of Economics, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand. Measuring social return on investment of research projects on Thai functional fruits, fruit trees, and fruit products: A comprehensive study. Keywords: baht; development; fruits; funding; investment; outcome; output; project; research; return; sroi; trf; university; value

• Determinants of Vietnam’s Potential Trade: A Case Study of Agricultural Exports to the European Union by Linh, Pham Hoang; Doanh, Nguyen Khanh ; Quynh, Nguyen Ngoc (2019) - The first equation deals with factors influencing Vietnam’s agricultural exports to the EU (trade equation), whose estimates are used to derive Vietnam’s export efficiency scores and potential agricultural exports. After the values of potential agricultural exports are estimated, the study employs another regression equation to analyze the determinants of Vietnam’s potential agricultural exports to the EU as follows: ln 𝐸𝑋_𝑃𝑂𝑖𝑗,𝑡 = 𝛼0 + 𝛼1 ln 𝐸𝑋_𝑃𝑂𝑖𝑗,𝑡−1 + 𝛼2(𝐹𝐼_𝑀𝐴𝑅𝑖,𝑡 × 𝐹𝐼_𝑀𝐴𝑅𝑗,𝑡) + 𝛼3𝑇𝑅𝐴𝐷𝐸_𝐹𝑅𝐸𝐸𝑗,𝑡 + 𝛼4𝑇𝐸𝐶𝐻𝑖,𝑡 + 𝛼5𝐿𝐴𝐵𝑂𝑅_𝐹𝑅𝐸𝐸𝑖,𝑡 + 𝜇𝑖𝑗,𝑡 ………………. Keywords: asian; country; determinants; development; economic; efficiency; exports; freedom; international; journal; market; potential; trade; vietnam
• Development of chicken manure pelleting machine for organic fertilizer production by Dichoso, Jeffrey G; Villota, Elmar M; Fabulac, Jonathan V; Malamug, Vitaliana U (2025) - Economically, the machine presents a viable solution for chicken manure pellet production, especially in the context of sustainable agriculture, where there is a growing demand for cost-effective and environmentally friendly fertilization methods. This combination appears to offer the most favorable conditions for producing durable chicken manure pellets. Keywords: capacity; chicken; chicken manure; efficiency; machine; manure; molasses; pelleting; pellets; rpm

• Assessment of the Performance of Farmers’ Cooperative Societies: A Case of Kaduna State Nigeria by Ezeh, Chuks C; Abubakar, M (2019) - The objectives of the study are: ▪ To describe the socioeconomic characteristics of the cooperators in the study area ▪ To elicit the factors motivating membership of cooperative societies ▪ To assess the performance of selected cooperative societies ▪ To identify the constraints mitigating the effectiveness of cooperative societies in the study area. Cooperative membership and motivators The study sought to ascertain the duration of membership of the co-operators and what factors motivated their membership in cooperative societies. Keywords: cooperative; development; journal; members; operators; societies; study; table; years
• Regulatory Impact Analysis Roles for Agricultural Products’ Qualities: Customers’ Perspectives for Sustainability Entrepreneurship by Abdullah, Zulhamri ; Yusoff , Wan Fauziah Wan; Anumudu, Chinedu Eugenia ; Zainol, Fakhrul Anwar (2020) - Presently, the impact of policy regulatory bodies in ensuring agricultural product qualities and sustaining agricultural smallholders are globally gaining ground even among European continents. Therefore, this research aims to empirically examine the roles of regulatory impact analysis on the Malaysian emerging agro entrepreneurs towards improving agricultural products’ qualities from the customers’ perspectives. Keywords: agro; consumers; frequency; gpl; impact; johor; malaysia; products; qualities; quality; selangor; table; total
• Assessment of Women’s Participation in Cooperative Societies and its Determinants in Yewa North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria by Olawale , Awotide Diran (2012) - Despite the availability of cooperative societies, it appears that a significant proportion of rural women are either unaware of the existence of such co- operative societies or are lacking in the basic socioeconomic characteristics that form the prerequisite for participation in such activities. Logit regression analysis revealed positive and significant relationships between variables such as education, years of business experience and forms of cooperative (producers and credit and thrift) and these variables were the major determinants of participation in cooperative society. Keywords: cooperative; participation; societies; society; study; table; women

• Economic Activities for Repatriated Migrant Workers of India: A Framework for Rural Development by Swain, Sukanta Chandra ; Padhi, Sunil Kumar (2020) - Since the inflow of returnee migrant workers to the rural sector has been a crucial point of concern for respective state governments owing to the Covid- 19 pandemic, all state governments are alert to addressing the issues of returnee migrants. The inflow of returnee migrant workers to the rural sector is a crucial concern for the respective state governments (Bhagat, Sahoo, Sahoo, Roy, & Govil, 2020). Keywords: development; economic; economy; framework; job; migrants; migration; returnee; sector; skill; workers

• Factors Affecting the Management of Pesticide Business: The Case Vietnam by Thanh, Ngo Chi ; Phuong, Le Thi ; Cuong, Le Van (2020) - The study shows that farmers knowing pesticide by training normally taking care of the brand name of the pesticide; Van et al. (2013) indicate that, an overall improvement of pesticide business management only relies on better government intervention, focusing on more stringent implementation and enforcement of regulation. Table 2: Current situation of pesticide business management in Thanh Hoa province Description 2016 2017 2018 1. Keywords: business; documents; factors; hoa; management; pesticide; pesticide business; pesticide management; province; thanh; variables
• The Impact of Financial Factors on the After-Sales Service of Agricultural Machinery: A Case Study of Chinese Agricultural Machinery in South Africa by Qin, Xiaoshun; Jiang, Dongdong; Pretorius, Leon (2021) - Although numerous researchers have focused on agri-mechanization in Africa, few have concentrated on the impact of financial resource factors on the ASS of AM. Evidence from the study suggests that the combination of financial resource factors has a large effect (F2 = 0.802), as shown in Table 5. Keywords: africa; analysis; ass; data; development; factors; journal; research; resources; south; study

• Rural Development NGOs and Service Delivery to the Very Poor: An Empirical Analysis of a Training Center in Rural Cameroon by Azibo, Balgah Roland ; Vubo, Emmanuel Yenshu ; Mbue, Innocent Ndoh; Kimengsi, Jude Ndzifon (2015) - Such indicators that should be easily observable, verifiable and objectively describe and measure poverty would form the basis of an eventual individual or household poverty index. Figure 1: Distribution of household poverty indices for sampled households Most households have negative indices, indicating that the project generally targeted poor households. Keywords: balgah; beneficiaries; beneficiary; cameroon; delivery; development; dngo; households; indices; journal; non; percent; poverty; service; targeting
• Agricultural Production Assets Transfer and Poverty Upward Mobility in Isolated Areas of Zambia: A Domestic Life Cycle Perspective by Muyunda , Martin W (2013) - In this study, post asset transfer households indicating upward mobility in at least 50% of the poverty dimensions were identified. Any external development interventions in the district are therefore likely to make tangible differences in poverty experiences among intervention beneficiaries compared to non- beneficiaries. Keywords: assets; attributes; cycle; cycle stage; development; households; life; life cycle; poverty; stage; transfer; village

• Willing, but Unable: Determinants of Participation Rates for Training Workshops in Central Vietnam by Gockel, Ryan P; Cullen, Alison C (2013) - Religious affiliation and current occupation were associated with job training program participation – consistent with our hypothesis that geographic distribution of these characteristics in the population would be predictive. This is the first study to examine training program participation rates in a rural Asian context. Keywords: cent; development; individuals; job; journal; participation; programs; risk; rural; training; willingness; workshop; year

• Climate Change Adaptation Strategies through Indigenous Knowledge System: Aspect on Agro-Crop Production in the Flood Prone Areas of Bangladesh by Mamun, Md Abdullah Al ; Pavel, Muha Abdullah Al (2014) - This paper has discussed climate change adaptation strategies for flood prone areas of Bangladesh. Although our research is gradually recognizing the importance of indigenous knowledge systems in developing climate change strategies have received little attention, Indigenous knowledge systems create a moral economy Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(1)2014: 42-58 57 (Nyong et al., 2007). Keywords: adaptation; average; bangladesh; benefit; change; climate; cost; development; pieces; stage; strategies; treatment; tukri
• Indigenous Technologies Fishing Settlement Response to Climate Change Variability’s in Southern Nigeria by C. O, Albert; B. I, Isife (2014) - Table 1: Percentage distribution of climate change experiences Experience Frequency Percentage Rise in sea level 21 38.0 High temperature 25 45.0 Flooding 20 33.3 Erosion 15 25.0 High wind with speed 20 40.0 Change in tidal pattern 30 50.0 Frequent storm 35 58.3 Source: Field survey, 2012 Multiple Responses Effects of climate change experiences in fish farming Table 2 reveals that all the listed variables were the effects of climate change experienced in fish farming. However, in recent times, fish production has been affected by climate change. Keywords: change; climate; fish; fishing; knowledge; technologies

• Does Egyptian Orange Exports Really have a Market Power in Saudi Arabia Market? by Mazrou, Yasser S. A (2015) - This article study Egyptian orange exports market power, research and analysis, the source of this power and what is its relationship with other competitors, taking into account export seasons. Table 3 shows that Egyptian orange market power due to the characteristics of the supply side than on the demand side by two methods, where the parametric of cost shifters are signified estimate at level 1%and 5%, but the parametric of demand shifter are signified at level 10% by SUR. Keywords: demand; egypt; egyptian; market; orange; power; saudi
• Price Adjustment of Oil Palm and Palm Oil in Thailand to the World Price of the Palm Oil Market by Saleerut, Sriwena ; Jatuporn, Chalermpon ; Suvanvihok, Vasu; Wanaset, Apinya (2020) - Received: 01-Apr-2020 Accepted: 03-Aug-2020 Online Available: 04-Sep- 2020 Keywords: Price response, Shock, Cointegration, ECM ABSTRACT The objectives of this study are to analyze: (1) the effects from the change of palm oil price in the world market to the prices of oil palm and palm oil in Thailand, and (2) the adjustment of oil palm and palm oil prices in Thailand to the change of the price of palm oil in the world market using monthly time series from January 2008 to September 2019. The empirical findings show that farm- gate price is the most affected by the change of palm oil price in the world market, followed by wholesale, export, and retail prices, respectively. Keywords: journal; market; oil price; palm oil; palm price; price; thailand; world; world market

• Examination of Urban Consumers’ Propensity to Consume Margarine by Applying Correspondence Analysis by Nicin, Slobodan (2014) - Correspondence analysis is used in situations where it is necessary to quantify Corresponding author’s Email address: The task of this paper would be to determine, on the basis of representative variables taken as factors in correspondence analysis, the cor- relation of margarine consumption (consum- ers’ propensity to consume margarine) and the examined variables (factors). Keywords: analysis; consumers; correspondence; correspondence analysis; examinees; inertia; margarine; means; total
• The Right-Sized Cow for Emerging and Commercial Beef Farmers in Semi-Arid South Africa: Connecting Biological and Economic Efficiency by T.M, Venter; M.A, Antwi; O.S, Oduniyi (2021) - Total animals Total animals Total animals BVD 2ml/animal R 16.37 468.82 R 15,344.97 340.64 R 11,149.65 271.33 R 8,881.11 Botulism, anthrax, blackquarter 2ml/animal R 7.42 1,069.83 R 15,874.57 777.34 R 11,534.46 619.18 R 9,187.62 Paratyphoid (inactivated) 2ml/animal R 20.34 304.16 R 12,372.08 221.00 R 8,989.55 176.04 R 7,160.50 Brucella abortus 2ml/animal R 20.19 377.84 R 15,259.23 274.54 R 11,087.36 218.68 R 8,831.49 Pasteurella 1 ml/animal R 18.39 454.59 R 8,361.75 330.30 R 6,075.65 263.10 R 4,839.48 Rift Valley fever (incativated) 2ml/animal R 6.88 469.61 R 6,465.84 341.22 R 4,698.08 271.80 R 3,742.19 Dips Price/ml Total animals Total animals Total animals BVD 2ml/animal R 16.37 436.75 R 14,295.33 347.69 R 11,380.21 271.33 R 8,881.11 Botulism, anthrax, blackquarter 2ml/animal R 7.42 1,117.98 R 16,589.02 816.63 R 12,117.54 619.18 R 9,187.62 Paratyphoid (inactivated) 2ml/animal R 20.34 344.76 R 14,023.37 237.33 R 9,653.45 176.04 R 7,160.50 Brucella abortus 2ml/animal R 20.19 420.12 R 16,966.51 334.45 R 13,506.77 218.68 R 8,831.49 Pasteurella 1 ml/animal R 18.39 421.55 R 7,754.09 335.78 R 6,176.33 263.1 R 4,839.48 Rift Valley fever (incativated) 2ml/animal R 6.88 438.22 R 6,033.66 349.05 R 4,805.82 271.8 R 3,742.19 Dips Price/ml Keywords: animals; calves; cattle; cows; death; energy; fcc; herd; medium; scc; total; weight

• Impact Factors of Days Open Cost on Dairy Profitability by Mohamed, Zainalabidin ; Latif , Ismail Abd ; Chizari, Ali (2014) - Base on the outputs of calculated 16.30% of total days open cost has been impacted by replacement cost of cows influenced by days open cows (USD 94.07 of USD 577.24 average per head). /case Made Discard Days Open Labour Drug lb/case lb/case /case hr/case USD/case Mastitis 1.1 7 275 300 0 1 15 Lameness 1 12 330 66 12 0.5 26 LDA 2 8 840 77 12 1 86 Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(4)2014: 277-280 279 Ketosis 0.5 5 506 0 10 0.67 19 RP/Metritis 1.5 6 550 248 15 0.67 20 Milk Fever 4 5 286 0 13 0.5 25 Dystocia 1 2.2 390 90 12 1 44 Results and discussions In this and previous studies, one of the most important costs after feed cost is DOC (about 24.31% of cow operating cost) (51.88, 24.31, 11.22, 6.33, 4.41, 1.84 % involved feed cost, Days open cost, replacement cost, breeding cost, lameness cost, mastitis cost respectively). Keywords: cost; dairy; days; milk; price
• Rice Production Structures in Sri Lanka: The Normalized Translog Profit Function Approach by Wijetunga, Chatura Sewwandi (2016) - Next section presents brief review of literature focusing various econometric techniques employed for the estimation of output supply and input demand functions. Furthermore, fertilizer demand elasticity to the output price is highest in Polonnaruwa (1.14). Keywords: demand; elasticity; fertilizer; function; input; output; paddy; price; profit; supply
• Export Demand of Palm Oil in Malaysia: Analysis using ARDL Approach by Ismail, Normaz Wana ; Kamal, Sarah Nursyazmin Mohamad ; Firdaus, Muhamad ; Hariri, Norazwa Mohamed (2022) - However, Abdullah (2011) argued that both income elasticity and the price elasticity of demand are inelastic for Indonesian palm oil exports (Rifin, 2010a), suggesting that there might be an availability of substituted goods for Indonesian palm oil export. Meanwhile, the impact of a percentage change in the soybean oil price has a greater effect on palm oil exports than the same percentage change in the palm oil price (Shariff, Rahman, & Amiruddin, 2006). Keywords: demand; export; export demand; malaysia; oil; palm; palm oil; price; soybean; world
• Estimation of Margins and Efficiency in the Ghanaian Yam Marketing Chain by Aidoo, Robert ; Nimoh, Fred ; Bakang, John-Eudis Andivi ; Ohene-Yankyera, Kwasi ; Fialor, Simon Cudjoe ; Mensah , James Osei ; Abaidoo , Robert Clement (2012) - However, yam marketing among producer-sellers was found to be inefficient with efficiency ratio of about 86%.The study recommended policies and strategies to be adopted by central and local government authorities to address key constraints such as poor road network, limited financial resources, poor storage facilities and high cost of transportation that serve as impediments to the efficiency of the yam marketing system in Ghana. The purpose of this study was to examine the profitability and efficiency of yam marketing in Ghana. Keywords: costs; ghana; gross; margin; marketing; price; traders; tubers; wholesalers; yam
• Vertical Price Transmission in Local Rice Markets in Côte d’Ivoire: Are Consumers Really Right? by KEHO , Yaya ; CAMARA, Aïssata SOBIA (2012) - We found that wholesale and retail prices are cointegrated and increases in wholesale prices are passed on to retail prices more quickly than decreases. The extent of increase in retail prices is sometime deemed excessive. Keywords: abidjan; adjustment; cointegration; economics; journal; markets; price; retail; run; threshold; transmission; vol; wholesale

• Response of Broilers to Two Management Systems of Housing in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria by Adokiye , Kalio, Godfrey ; Beatrice, Okafor, Belema (2012) - Therefore the objectives of this study were to investigate the response of broiler chickens via animal performance, carcass and organ characteristics under the intensive and semi- intensive systems of managing broilers. The intensive system of managing broilers is therefore, recommended for adoption by poultry farmers in Etche Local Government Area of Rivers State because it encouraged better performance of birds in terms of body weight gains as well as showed an improvement in the dressing percentage and primal cuts among broilers. Keywords: birds; broiler; chickens; management; systems; weight

• Effects of Development Interventions on the Productivity and Profitability of Women Shea Butter Processors in the West Gonja District of Northern Ghana by Abujaja , Afishata Mohammed; Adam , Hamza ; Zakaria , Hudu (2013) - Man energy or labour are required in activities of shea butter processing such as parboiling, drying, cracking of shea nut, frying, milling and kneading and scooping shea butter. From the analysis, the average productivity of those who used improved method was found to be 0.614kg of shea butter per man-hour of man labour input as against 0.655kg of shea butter per man-hour of those who still used indigenous method of shea butter processing. Keywords: beneficiaries; butter; development; interventions; non; processing; processors; productivity; shea; shea butter; women

• Implication of Rural Population in Planning Local Community Development: A Need for Policy Reform by Engwali, Fon Dorothy ; Grace , Mengue Melongo Priscille (2019) - Community development program project (2008). Cameroon: Community development program project. Keywords: community; community development; development; participation; participatory; planning; process

• Evaluation of Fadama II Road Infrastructure among Rural Communities in Adamawa State, Nigeria by Madu , Umar Adamu ; CL, John Phoa (2012) - These marked the years before and after the end of the period of Fadama II project in the State. Results and Discussions Sources of Funding for Roads Majority of the roads as reported by the respondents are supported by state government funds, local governments and Fadama II project. Keywords: activities; beneficiaries; communities; development; fadama; fadama ii; infrastructure; non; project; roads; time

• Invitro propagation of selected medicinal plants species by Irum, Shabana ; Khan, Farhat Ali ; Erum, Shazia; Nouroz, Faisal ; Kanwal, Saima ; Muhammad, Aish (2017) - Received: 17-Apr-2017 Accepted: 02-June-2017 Online available: 15-June- 2017 Keywords: Medicinal plants, Ex-plants, In vitro propagation ABSTRACT The present studies carried out on Thymus vulgaris, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum americanum which showed the effect of different growth hormones (T1: GA3 1ml, T2: BAP 1mg, T3: Agar 5gm/l, T4: INTRODUCTION For the pharmacological trade and traditional medication medicinal plants are an important foundation of complexes and in emerging countries about 80 percent of the population still use out-dated medicines derived from plants (Cunningham, 1993; De Silva, 1997). Keywords: ga3; google; media; number; ocimum; plants; thymus; view

• Consumer Preference for Processed Cowpea Products in Selected Communities of the Coastal Regions of Ghana by F, Nimoh; S, Asuming Brempong; D. B, Sarpong (2012) - This paper sought to investigate consumer preference for processed cowpea-based products, such as, boiled cowpea with cereals, fried cowpea paste, and cowpea fortified maize dough in selected communities of the coastal regions of Ghana. The main objective of the study therefore was to investigate consumer preferences for cowpea-based products in selected communities of the coastal regions of Ghana. Keywords: communities; consumer; cowpea; ghana; preference; products; study
• Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Health Protective Effects by Singh, Pradeep Kumar; Rao, K Mallikarjuna (2012) - Studies have also shown that combination of fatty foods with carotenoid rich vegetables enhanced carotenoids uptake. But, it seems fairly clear that water shortage tends to increase tomato fruit vitamin C content (as well as Brix degree and acidity). Keywords: cancer; carotenoids; cells; compounds; development; enzymes; glucosinolates; lycopene; phase; products; studies; vegetables; vitamin

• Field Evaluation of Pre-Emergence Application of Selected Herbicides for Okra Tolerance and Growth in Asaba, Nigeria by Chukuka, Obiazi Christian ; Hassan, Tijani-Eniola; Wasiu, Olaniyi Olalekan (2020) - Weed percentage distribution in okra plots There were generally more broadleaf weed species than grass weed species, and grass weed species occurred more than sedges in the plots where the study was carried out. Solanum nigrum Linn and Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq which were not present in okra plots in 2013 were found only in okra plots that were hoe-weeded and the ones that received 2kg a.i./ha of butachlor, respectively, in 2014. Keywords: a.i./ha; atrazine; control; emergence; herbicides; hoe; journal; okra; pendimethalin; plots; weed
• Field Evaluation of Some Insecticides on Whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and Predator (Macrolophus caliginosus) on Brinjal and Tomato Plants by Z, Mohd Rasdi; M. R , Che Salmah; A, Abu Hassan; D, Hamady; A, Hamaseh; Ismail , Fauziah (2012) - Smith et al. (1997) proposed that for a successful biological control, it is important that predator population must be present earlier in the field and established when the pest population is at low density. In Malaysia, suppression of whitefly population is very much dependent on chemical applications (Syed Abdul Rahman et al. 2000). Keywords: brinjal; caliginosus; control; insecticides; malaysia; population; tomato; wat; whitefly
• Effect of Two Formulations of Sufentrazone on Weed Control in Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L) by Mashayamombe , Bertha K.; Mazarura , Upenyu ; Chiteka , Albert (2013) - Grass weed control at 4WAP was different (P<0.05) from the control only for the SC formulation at 0.165, 0.185, and 0.255 kg/ha but was poor. Two main plots (weeded and weedy) and six sub- plots (weed control rates) were used. Keywords: control; formulation; grass; herbicide; nutsedge; sulfentrazone; tobacco; weed
• Effect of Sulfentrazone Application Method and Time, on Weed Control and Phytotoxicity in Flue-Cured Tobacco by Mazarura , Upenyu (2013) - The present experiments were carried out to establish the effect of various application methods and times on weed control efficacy and tobacco injury. The local plot was used for scoring for weed control. Keywords: aho; application; control; sulfentrazone; treatments; wap; weed
• The Response of the Red Morph of the Tobacco Aphid, Myzus Persicae Nicotianae, to Insecticides Applied under Laboratory and Field Conditions by Rhoda , Masukwedza ; Mazarura, Upenyu ; Peter , Chinwada ; Susan , Dimbi (2013) - These will give good aphid control and result in reduced levels of sooty-mould and virus diseases. This allowed the systemic movement of the insecticide from the roots to the leaves before aphids were introduced. Keywords: aphicides; aphid; control; morph; research; resistance; tobacco; zimbabwe
• Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Genotypes to Wicth Weed (Alectra vogelii Benth) Infection by Rugare , Joyful Tatenda; Mabasa, Stanford ; Tsekenedza, Shylet (2013) - A. vogelii seeds that were used were taken from a seed stock collected in 2012 at Weed Research Team, Henderson Research Station in Mazoe, Zimbabwe. Half of the pots were infested with A. vogelii seeds and the other half (control) were not infested because each cowpea genotype had a control. Keywords: a. vogelii; alectra; control; cowpea; emergence; genotypes; infection; striga; vogelii

• Nutritional value of edible Russula griseocarnosa in Vietnam by Anh, Chung Nhu ; Chi, Nguyen Minh ; Dell, Bernard (2024) - EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 87 Nutritional value of edible Russula griseocarnosa in Vietnam Chung Nhu Anha,b Nguyen Minh Chic Bernard Dellc,d aVietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi 11910, Vietnam. This study examines the nutritional value of edible Russula griseocarnosa in Vietnam. Keywords: et al; forest; griseocarnosa; journal; mushrooms; nutritional; russula; russula griseocarnosa; study; vietnam
• Harvest and trade of wild edible Russula griseocarnosa in North Vietnam by Anh, Chung Nhu ; Chi, Nguyen Minh ; Kiet, Trinh Tam ; Ha, Nguyen Thi Ngoc ; Dell, Bernard (2024) - A wide diversity of forest mushrooms are being harvested for food across upland Asia (Dell et al., 2000; McLellan & Brown, 2017), and this is well documented for high-value fungi such as truffles and matsutake (He, Dong, & Stark, 2014; Wang et al., 2022). Unlike in neighboring Yunnan, where there are many studies on the harvesting and use of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi, the ethnomycology, use, and trade of forest mushrooms have not been investigated in any depth in Vietnam. Keywords: collectors; development; forest; fresh; griseocarnosa; harvesting; journal; mushrooms; ninh; people; quang; russula; russula griseocarnosa; study; traders; vietnam; wild

• Milk Consumptionand Supply of Ulaanbaatar City by Bazarragchaa, Ichinkhorloo ; Luvsandorj, Nyambat ; Qian, Lu (2015) - The objective of this study is to analyze market equilibrium of liquid milk (Estimations were relied on the information regarding cow milk, which has the highest yield than milk from other species of five types of livestock) market of UB city, and determine level of milk supply. 3.1.4 To express milk supply with physical amounts and percentages. Keywords: liter; milk; mongolia; supply; 𝑄 𝐷; 𝑄 𝑆

• A Comparative Study of Distillery Spent Wash with NPK (Standard Chemical Fertilizers) at Seedling Stage of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) by Soomro, Aijaz Ahmed ; Soomro, Ayaz Ahmed (2015) - The results for spent wash (T2) were at seed germination% (95.33%), shoot length (6.62 cm), root length (5.49 cm), shoot fresh weight (0.18 mg), root fresh weight (0.019 mg), shoot dry weight (0.017 mg) and root-dry weight (0.005 mg) of sorghum. Recently, the presence of appreciable amounts of plant growth promoter viz., gibberellic acid (GA) and indole acetic acid (IAA) have also been detected from spent wash which further enhances the nutrition value of spent wash. Keywords: npk; sorghum; wash; weight
• The impact of feeding date palm by products on the reproduction of Awassi ewe in the Qatari environment by Atta, Muzzamil ; Mahgoub, Osman ; Kadim, Isam T; Al-Marri, Saleh J; Fadlalla, Imad M T (2024) - The study aimed to examine the effect of feeding date palm with a product-based ration on the productivity of Awassi ewes raised intensively in the Qatari environment. The conception percentage of the current ewes was similar to the range (66.7%–75%) reported for Awassi ewes mated at different months of the year in Turkey Keywords: awassi; ewes; lambing; lambs; ncd; number; sheep; weight; year
• The Effect of Logical Choice Weight and Corrected Scoring Methods on Multiple Choice Agricultural Science Test Scores by Ajayi , B. K (2012) - The study revealed that logical choice weight scoring method was the best method that favoured the scoring of the students’ scripts in multiple choices agricultural science test. It is also recommended for all states of the federation as well the West African countries public service could also adopt the use of logical choice weight scoring method. Keywords: choice; method; scoring; test; weight

• The Effects of Using Liquid Organic NPK Fertilizer for Rice Plant Growth and Production (Oriza sativa L.) by Made, Usman ; Idham; Amirudin (2022) - This research aims to determine the appropriate concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) in liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) and to determine the appropriate dose of NPK and LOF concentrations for the growth and yield of rice plants. One of the efforts to increase the productivity of rice plants is to provide the required nutrients. Keywords: administration; concentration; fertilizer; grain; ha-1; lof; npk; number; plants
• Molecular detection and distribution analysis of papaya ringspot virus-p in North Sumatra, Indonesia by Harahap, Lenny Hartati ; Bakti, Darma ; Lisnawita, Lisnawita; Tantawi, Ahmad Rafiqi (2025) - Figure 3. DNA amplification of papaya seed samples using RT-PCR, S1: Deli Serdang Regency; S2: Dairi Regency; S3: Pakpak Bharat Regency; C+: positive control; C-: negative control. The detection of PRSV-P in papaya seeds constitutes the initial molecular evidence of seed transmission in North Sumatra and indicates a possible method for long-distance dispersal independent of insect vectors or vegetative propagation. Keywords: dairi; deli; detection; district; north; pakpak; papaya; pcr; plants; prsv; regency; seed; serdang; village; virus
• Good agronomic practices: Varieties capsicum annuum l. And fertilizer dosages influenced and suppressed aphis gossypii population abundance by M. H., Noor Farrah Afiqah, ; Z., Mohd Rasdi, ; M. H., Ahmad Khairuman, (2025) - Contribution/Originality: This study was carried out on the effects of fertilizer dosages on several selected varieties of chili plants against pests, specifically aphids. In Malaysia, the exclusive aphid species that colonizes and causes substantial crop damage in chili plants (Capsicum annuum L.) of the Solanaceae family is Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (Rahman, Roff, & Ghani, 2010). Keywords: aphis; chili; cropping; dosages; fertilizer; gossypii; journal; kulai; mean; period; plants; population; varieties; week
• Morphological Characterization of Four Selected Spider Plant (Cleome Gynandra L.) Morphs from Zimbabwe and Kenya by Masuka , A; Goss , M. ; Mazarura , U (2012) - Earlier researchers identified that the stem colour could be used to distinguish and recognize different plant types (Chweya, 1990). There was significant variation among spider plant morphs in plant height, petiole length, length of leaflet, fruit length, fruit width, days to seedling emergence, days to flowering, number of leaflets per compound leaf and number of pods per plant. Keywords: days; green; kenya; kep; morphs; number; plants; purple; stem; type; zimbabwe

• Goats Rearing Under Islamic Teachings and its Profitable Impact on Agricultural Economics by Rahman , Abad-ur; Badshah, Syed Naeem ; Khan, Janas ; Ayaz, Muhammad (2012) - Goat 87.00 4.25 3.52 13.00 Cow 86.61 4.14 3.58 13.19 Buffalo 82.76 7.38 3.60 17.24 Table: 2 Comparison of goat meat to other meats x COOKED (roasted) CALORIES (gm) FAT (gm) SAT'D FAT (gm) PROTEIN (gm) IRON(gm) This article is written on goat rearing animal based agricultural economy, Goats rearing has been given preferences and admitted as source of to end poverty and assorted blessing as mentioned in Hadith. Keywords: animal; economy; goat; meat; milk; rearing

• Economic Rotation of Sissoo Tree Plantations (Strip) in Bangladesh by Yunus, Mohammad ; Hossain, M. A. T; Yasmin, Farzana; Milon, MD (2014) - The elimination rates varied from 10% to 72% depending on plantation year and location. The elimination rates varied from 10% to 72% depending on plantation year and location. Keywords: plantation; rotation; sissoo; wood; year

• Effect of Chicken Fertilizer Combination and Concentration Of Organic Liquid Fertilizer (LOF) on Growth and Results of Sawi Plant (Brassica Junceae L.) Shinta Variety by R, Budiasih; Hadian, Sandi ; Salim, Mohamad Agus ; Subandi, M (2019) - Chicken manure (dung) at this time has been widely used by farmers, because many large-scale chicken farms in Indonesia provide an opportunity to use chicken manure as fertilizer. At the age of 15 DAP the effect the combination of dose of chicken manure and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer treatment I had a significantly different effect on treatment A, B, C, E and G but differed not significantly in treatment D, F and H. Keywords: chicken; dap; fertilizer; ha-1; l-1; liquid; manure; ton ha-1

• Utilizing Community through Developing the Center of Community’s Learning Activity (CCLA) in the Rural Area by Rusdiana , A (2012) - Comprehensive based CCLA, it is the CCLA whose the initiative of its establishing comes from institution however the management is done together with surrounding community, and community based CCLA is whose initiative, management, and implementation are form and by the community, other element are as partners and facilitators. Utilizing community can be seen from point of view of Deficit Based and Strength Based. Keywords: ccla; community; developing; education; learning; potency; utilizing

• Growth Performance Characteristics of Goats Fed Varied Levels of Poultry Manure in whole Cassava Plant Based Concentrate Diet by M. B, Yousuf; A. A, Adeloye ; K. M, Okukpe ; K. D , Adeyemi; Badmus , A. H. A; J. O, Daramola; N. J, Ogundun (2013) - Conclusion The findings from the study demonstrate that cassava plant based-concentrate with different levels of dry poultry manure is suitable for use as supplement to low quality Panicum maximum hay in the dry season feeding of the goat. Effects of poultry manure treatments on digestibility of dry matter or crude protein, nitrogen retention and body weight gain were significant (p < 0.05). Keywords: cassava; concentrate; goats; inclusion; intake; manure; matter; nitrogen; poultry

• The Impact of Social Capital on the Immigrants’ Integration alongside the Rural-Urban Continuum: Evidence from Greece by Liltsi, Petroula; Michailidis , Anastasios ; Loizou, Efstratios ; Chatzitheodoridis, Fotios (2020) - Ιn most areas, the relation that links social capital and integration is proportional, as areas with high social capital have higher levels of integration Herreros and Criado, 2009; Martinovic et al., 2009). EVIDENCE FROM GREECE Petroula Liltsi a, Anastasios Michailidis a, Efstratios Loizou b Fotios Chatzitheodoridisb aDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece b Department of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Economics, University of Western Macedonia, Terma Kontopoulou Str., Florina, Greece  pliltsi@agro.auth.gr (Corresponding author) Corresponding author ARTICLE HISTORY: Received: 19-Sep-2019 Accepted: 31-Dec-2019 Online Available: 27-Jan- 2020 Keywords: Greek communities, Immigrants, Integration, Rural-urban continuum, Social capital ABSTRACT This paper aims to develop methodological tools which will contribute to estimate the impact of social capital on the integration of immigrants alongside the Rural-Urban Continuum of the Prefecture of Thessaloniki. Keywords: capital; development; immigrants; integration; journal; social; urban

• Evaluation of Nematode Pests and Fungal Diseases of Ceratotheca Sesamoides in Ilorin by Izuogu, N. B; Egberongbe , O. L; Oyedunmade , E. E. A (2012) - Presence of plant parasitic nematodes in the soil has contributed great loss to crops both in yield and quality. with the view that nematode virus vectors in very low populations have the potential to cause significant damage to crops. Keywords: ilorin; nematode; planting; sesamoides; spp; variety

• Tertiary Institutions and Development in Rural Communities: Role of Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria by Akindola, Rufus B; Ojo, Shina J (2020) - Finally, about 95.2% of students agree that the presence of the university has led to an overall improvement in the local economy of host communities in terms of wealth creation, 2.9% disagree and1.9% are undecided. The number of questionnaires was based on the Qualtrics calculator which calculates and determines representative sample size using the following parameters: population size (5000), the margin of error or confidence interval (+/-5%), confidence level (90%) and standard deviation (0.5). Keywords: agree; business; communities; development; establishment; host; institutions; presence; rent; students; university

• Screening of Mycotoxin Produced by Fusarium Verticillioides and F. Proliferatum in Culture Media by Matny, Oadi N (2014) - F. verticelloides IR93 and IR56 strain produced high concentration of toxin at 2.04 and 2.40 mg/kg on wheat and wheat straw culture respectively, while F. solani IR66 produced the highest concentration at 4.45 mg/kg on wheat straw (Figure 1). The concentration of toxin produced by F. verticelloides IR10 and IR46 on millet culture was 10477.0 and 10215.4 mg/kg respectively while F. verticelloides IR10 on wheat culture produced 10347.9 mg/kg toxin. Keywords: culture; fusarium; toxin; wheat

• The Effective Application Time to Spray Bacillus Thuringiensis Subspecies Kurstaki for Managing Bagworm, Metisa Plana Walker on Oil Palm by M. S, Shahir ; Z, Mohd Rasdi ; I, Fauziah ; B, Md Jamaludin; A, Fakhrorazi; R, Ismail ; M. N, Mohd Hanysyam; R, Norazliza (2013) - The insecticidal properties of B. thuringiensis have long been recognized. The Egyptians were aware of the insecticidal properties of what probably was B. thuringiensis and used it to control insect pests, while the organism was first isolated about 100 hundred years ago in Japan from silkworm larvae suffering from the disease name “flacherie.” Keywords: bagworm; dat; larvae; malaysia; mortality; oil; thuringiensis; universiti

• Effect of Temperatures, Air Velocity and Flow Rate on Quality Attributes of Dried Cassava Chips by A. S., Ajala, ; G. O, Babarinde; S. J, Olatunde (2012) - Temperature ( 0 C) 7.5 Kg/m 2 10.0 Kg/m 2 12.5 Kg/m 2 Moisture Content (%) 3.0 60 10.00±0.50 c 11.41±0.19 c 12.80±0.10 g 70 9.50±0.22 ab 11.20±0.05 c 12.60±0.30 g 80 8.90±0.20 a 8.20±0.13 a 9.60±0.47 b 3.2 60 10.80±0.13 d 11.10±0.12 c 10.91±0.11 e 70 10.00±0.45 c 10.90±0.83 c 9.20±0.20 a 80 8.80±0.13 a 9.60±0.56 b 8.81±0.08 a 3.4 60 11.60±0.46 d 11.50±0.03 c 11.3±0.16 f 70 11.10±0.06 d 9.30±0.17 b 10.50±0.48 de 80 9.00±1.3 a 9.10±1.02 b 10.10±0.88 cd Bulk Density (g/cm 3 ) 3.0 60 0.48±0.08 c 0.47±0.11 a 0.49±0.01 a 70 0.42±0.02 c 0.44±0.06 a 0.44±0.03 a 80 0.37±0.05 b 0.36±0.05 a 0.39±0.02 a 3.2 60 0.45±0.02 c 0.49±0.04 a 0.48±0.08 a 70 0.40±0.04 c 0.46±0.08 a 0.45±0.05 a 80 0.35±0.07 a 0.42±0.09 a 0.41±0.19 a 3.4 60 0.49±0.08 c 0.45±0.08 a 0.43±0.08 a 70 0.43±0.17 c 0.40±0.06 a 0.41±0.07 a 80 0.37±0.02 b 0.38±0.05 a 0.40±0.04 a (c) Water Absorption Capacity Measurement of water absorption capacity of the chips at both treatments (co-current and counter-current) is as presented in Tables 3 and 4. In this work, cassava chips were dried in a tunnel dryer at temperature 60 0 C, 70 0 C and 80 0 C using velocity 3.0m/s, 3.2m/s and 3.4m/s and load capacity of 7.5kg/m 2 , 10.0kg/m 2 and 12.50kg/m 2 as the drying variables. Keywords: capacity; cassava; chips; content; drying; moisture; temperature
• Optimization of Cassava Waste from Bioethanol Post-Production through Bioactivity Process Consortium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Trichoderma viride and Aspergillus niger by Suryani , Yani (2013) - Microorganism consortium consisted in three levels, namely: Consortium 1 (m1): Trichoderma viride and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Consortium 2 (m2): Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride Consortium 3 (m3): Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inoculum dose (D), respectively: d1 = 2g, d2 = 3g and d3 = 4g. Parameters measured were crude protein content, crude fiber content and moisture content of fermentation products through proximate analysis, also HCN content of fermentation products. If fermentation time had been completed, then did the proximate analysis which included the calculation of crude protein content, crude fiber content, water content, and HCN content. Keywords: aspergillus; bioethanol; cassava; consortium; content; crude; dose; fermentation; fiber; inoculum; niger; saccharomyces; trichoderma; waste

• The Biology of the Red and Green Morphs of the Tobacco Aphid, Myzus Persicae Nicotianae (Blackman) on Flue-Cured Tobacco by Rhoda , Masukwedza ; Upenyu , Mazarura ; Peter , Chinwada ; Susan, Dimbi (2013) - Keywords: Aphid, Red morph, Green morph, Flue-cured tobacco Introduction The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) has a world-wide distribution and is an important vector of plant viruses, spreading diseases among many crops (Blackman & Eastop 2000). This study would therefore be useful in obtaining data for later use in the development of population models of tobacco aphids and development of integrated pest management strategies. Keywords: age; aphid; days; green; morph; myzus; nicotianae; red; tobacco; tobacco aphid

• Evaluation of Nguni cattle performance from communal property associations and private ownership types across three ecological zones of Mpumalanga province, South Africa by Sambo, J M; Tada, O; Chitura, T; Mararakanye, N (2023) - Notwithstanding differences in other environmental and socio-economic factors contributing to cattle productivity, these figures are much better than the 35 months of age at first calving reported for Nguni cattle in the southern part of Mozambique (Brzáková, Čítek, Svitáková, Veselá, & Vostrý, 2020) and the 28 to 33 months observed in commercial Nguni cattle in Namibia (Agra, 2005). EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 49 Evaluation of Nguni cattle performance from communal property associations and private ownership types across three ecological zones of Mpumalanga province, South Africa J.M. Samboa,b O. Tadaa T. Chituraa N. Mararakanyec aDepartment of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Limpopo, Private Bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa. Keywords: calving; cattle; cpa; highveld; lowveld; midveld; nguni; ownership; rate; south; weaning; zone

• Mixture Experiments and their Application in Agricultural Research by Raza , Irum; Masood, M Asif ; Mahmood, Rashid (2013) - Keywords: Mixture design, mixture regression model, components, honey yield Introduction and Background 1 In mixture experiments a product is formulated by blending proportions of different components and ingredients together For instance if we wish to obtain an optimal taste of a pancake then the components of interest might be the proportions of flour, milk, eggs, oil and baking powder in a blend. Various examples of mixture experiments and their applications in agriculture can be Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development journal homepage: http://aessweb.com/journal-detail.php?id=5005 mailto:irumraza83@gmail.com Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 3(12)2013: 951-959 952 found in literature that includes yield measurement of a crop due to applications of various mixtures of fertilizers or pesticides. Keywords: centroid binary; clove; components; edge centroid; mixture; neem; oil; tobacco
• Population’s preference of rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) between oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera l.): Contributing to pest’s controlling strategy by Ismail, Izaitul Aida ; Zaini, Mohd Rasdi ; Mazran, Noor Shuhaina Shaikh ; Hasin, Ahmad Khairuman Mohd (2023) - Oil palm plants have a longer and wider rachis compared to coconut palm. EFFECT OF SELECTED INSECTICIDE ON WHITEFLY (Bemisia tabaci) INFESTING BRINJAL PLANTS 257 Population’s preference of rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) between oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and coconut palm (Cocos nucifera l.): Contributing to pest’s controlling strategy Izaitul Aida Ismaila Mohd Rasdi Zainib Noor Shuhaina Shaikh Mazranc Ahmad Khairuman Mohd Hasind a,cFaculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Melaka, Jasin, Melaka, Malaysia. Keywords: beetle; coconut; coconut palm; female; oil; oil palm; oryctes; palm; population; rainfall; rhinoceros; temperature; week

• Management of the Root Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne Javanica. Treub) and Sore Shin (Rhizoctonia Solani. Kuhn) Using A Nematicide and Poor Host Crops in Rotations by Mazarura , U; Chisango , C; Goss, M (2012) - „RK8‟ grown continuously (ContRK8), grass-grass-grass-KM10 (G-G-G-KM10), grass-grass-grass- RK8 (G-G-G-RK8), KM10-Crotalaria juncea (KM10-Cr) and RK8-Crotalaria juncea (RK8-Cr), on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica and sore shin, Rhizoctonia solani infection were studied. Root knot and sore shin rating At the end of each tobacco season, the tobacco was assessed for root knot nematode galling by using a scale of 0 to 8 (Daulton and Nusbaum, 1961). Keywords: grass; km10; knot; rk8; root; rotations; tobacco

• Identification of Fungus Flora Associated with Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl in Côte d’Ivoire by Marie-Hélène, Koffi Ahébé ; Hortense , Atta Diallo ; Arsène, Zoro Bi Irié (2013) - Of all these species, Lagenaria siceraria is the most strong and has a higher capacity of seeds production (Achigan et al., 2006; Zoro Bi et al., 2006). Therefore, these were the factors explaining variability in the distribution of fungus genera (Table 3). Keywords: aspergillus; axe; cochliobolus; colletotrichum; fungal; fungus; fusarium; genera; isolation; lasiodiplodia; leaves; localities; phoma; siceraria; temperature

• Reviewing Morphologic Specifications of Acorn Leaves and Fruits in Lorestan Province by Nazar , Naser ; Delfan, Saeedeh ; Zand, Farhad (2015) - On Ghalai zone, due to the rain fall rate and more humidity in comparison to other zones, suitable conditions are available for the growth of Quercus infectoria. On Ghalai zone, due to the rain fall rate and more humidity in comparison to other zones, suitable conditions are available for the growth of Quercus infectoria. Keywords: acorn; forests; fruit; infectoria; leaf; length; zones

• Effects of Spiruline (Spirulina platensis) Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Markers, Biochemical Characteristics, and Hematological Parameters in Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Does by Momo, Chongsi Margaret Mary; Adam, Mahamat Tahir Markhous ; Herve, Tchoffo; Narcisse, Vemo Bertin; Ferdinand, Ngoula ; Joseph, Tchoumboue (2021) - The present study was carried out in order to evaluate the effects of feed supplementation with spiruline powder on the oxidative stress markers, biochemical characteristics, and hematological parameters in rabbit doe. During the trial, does of group 1 (control group) were fed ad libitum with a feed free from spiruline (control feed), while those of groups 2 and 3 received the control feed supplemented with spiruline powder at 0.6 and 1.2%, respectively. Keywords: animal; blood; effects; extract; feed; journal; parameters; powder; rabbit; serum; spiruline; stress; study
• Screening Drought Tolerance Criteria in Maize by Kiani, Masoud (2013) - Stress tolerance index was corrected using a correction coefficient (Ki) and thus a modified stress tolerance index (MSTI) was introduced as the optimal selection criterion for drought-tolerant genotypes. Chromosome localization of the genes controlling drought tolerance indices. Keywords: drought; genotypes; sti; stress; tolerance

• An Assessment of the Nutritional Status of under Five Children in Four Districts in the Central Region of Ghana by Eunice , Ayensu ; Sarah, Darkwa (2013) - Wald statistics and confidence intervals after adjusting for mother’s age, education, occupation, father’s occupation and feeding practices showed mothers nutrition knowledge, feeding practices and mothers’ education as predictors of children nutrition status. Explaining child malnutrition in developing countries: A cross– country analysis. Keywords: age; children; malnutrition; mothers; nutrition; occupation; status; study; years

• Allelopathic Effects of Lantana (Lantana camara) on Blackjack (Bidens pilosa) and Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) by A, Kwembeya; J. T, Rugare; S, Mabasa (2013) - Then lantana leaf biomass was added to the soil in pots at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g per pot. Identification of alternative uses of lantana biomass could motivate farmers to control this weed. Keywords: biomass; camara; emergence; lantana; millet; pearl; pearl millet; pilosa

• Toxicity of Selected Insecticides (Spinosad, Indoxacarb and Abamectin) Against the Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) On Cabbage by Ismail, Fauziah; M. T. , Mohd Norazam, ; Rasdi Z. , Mohd (2012) - Keywords: Plutella xylostella, diamondback moth, insecticide, toxicity, and cabbage Introduction The Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) is a most serious of insect pest for crucifers or brassica crops throughout the world. Toxicity of selected insecticides (spinosad, indoxacarb and abamectin) against the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) on cabbage. Keywords: abamectin; concentration; indoxacarb; insecticides; mortality; plutella; spinosad; xylostella; µl/5000

• Some Rural Attractions which Attract Tourists by Chi, Shu-Yi ; Huang, Biing-Wen ; Luo, Han Xing (2019) - Experiential marketing has also been applied by many researchers to measure tourist experiences by influencing tourist satisfaction (Cai and Combrink, 2000; Shen et al., 2005). Experience, emotion, and eudaimonia: a consideration of tourist experiences and well-being. Keywords: development; experience; intention; journal; life; research; revisit; satisfaction; tourism; tourists; values

• Effort of Increasing Production of Livestock Feed out of Cassava Waste by Identifying the more Suitable Cellulotic Degrading Fungi by Suryani , Yani ; Andayaningsih, Poniah ; Hernaman, Iman ; Muharromi, Ulfanuri Fajri (2012) - Isolate 2 Isolate 2 is identified from genus Aspergillus sp 2. Isolate 3 Isolate 3 is identified from genus Aspergillus sp 3. Keywords: aspergillus; bioethanol; cellulose; colony; color; isolate; waste

• Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Performance Characteristics of Goats Challenged with Trypanosoma brucei by M. B, Yousuf; A. A, Adeloye; M. A, Belewu; A. O, Olatunde; Lawal, Muhammad ; Azeez, Abdul ; J. O., Daramola (2014) - Dry matter intake (g/head/day) of 211.77 ± 2.66, 215.14 ± 7.25, 253.28 ± 5.23, and 275.96 ± 3.65 obtained for goats fed supplement at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/head/day respectively were different. Nutritional constraints and prospects of goats production in east Africa, Institute of Goat research Langston University; Langston UK. Keywords: concentrate; day; goats; head; intake; trypanosomiasis

• In-Vitro Conservation of Sugarcane Germplasm by Ikram, Rabia; Erum, Shazia ; Javed, Hina ; Zaman, Shah; Shahid Khan; Muhammad , Aish ; Kanwal, Saima (2014) - In the present study, 6 genotypes of sugarcane (SC 06, SC 04, SC 25, SC 11, SC 13 and SC 30) was acquired & excised for apical and sub apical parts (eyes/ lateral buds). Highest No. of roots recorded for SC 30 at with 6% Sucrose. Keywords: 0.1mg; ga3; kinetin

• Rhizobacteria Selection to Enhance Spore Germination and Hyphal Length of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Vitro by Hidayat , Cecep ; Arief, Dedeh H. ; Nurbaity, Ane ; Sauman , Jajang (2013) - Parameters evaluated were spore germination percentage and hyphal length of Glomus sp at 7, 14, 21, and 28 day after planting. Xavier and Germida (2003) obtained several bacteria which stimulate spore germination. Keywords: diminuta; germination; length; rhizobacteria; spore

• The Shedding and Growth Dynamics of Yak Down Wool and Links to Habitat Ecological Conditions by Danzan, Baigalmaa ; Tsedev, Khishigjargal; Luvsandorj, Nyambat (2014) - Studies on the growth principles and dynamics of yak hair fibres are significant for technological optimization for the preparation and processing of yak hair and the advancement of yak husbandry technology. ÷ ÷ ÷ □ □ + Wool molting Stable phase of new wool base Intensive growth of the wool Stable phase of new wool base Av era ge te mp era tur es, C0 Loosening wool Dy na mi c re pla ce me nt, by mo nth Figure 4: Dynamics of the replacement of yak hair fibres Keywords: aimags; cold; fibres; hair; mongolian; yak; yaks
• Hot Bed & Cold Frame Construction and Use by Singh , Pradeep Kumar (2012) - Hot beds are used for starting the plants and cold frames for tempering or hardening plants to outdoor conditions before transplanting. This is the only costly item required in the hot bed however; instead of costly timber straight popular of willow twigs of 1.6 to 2.5 inch in the diameter can also be used conveniently in the construction of hot bed frame and lid to reduce the cost component. Keywords: bed; beds; cold; construction; frame; heat

• Screening of Five Lamiaceae Essential Oils as Repellents for Sweet Potato Weevil, Cylas Formicarius (F.) (Coleoptera: Brentidae) by Mai, Pham Thi ; Ha, Hoang Thi Thanh; Suu, Bui Thi ; Thao, Le Thi ; Quyen, Nguyen Thi ; Toan, Tran Dinh ; Lien, Vu Thi; Rei, Yamakawa (2021) - The repellent activities of P. ovatus essential oil and E. penduliflora were higher than the others, and the repellent effects of E. ciliata essential oil and DEET were more dose-dependent than others, indicating that at low dose, P. ovatus and E. penduliflora essential oils have stronger repellent efficacy, but at higher dose DEET and E. ciliata have greater effects. The repellent activities of P. ovatus essential oil and E. penduliflora were higher than the others tested, and the repellent effects of E. ciliata essential oil and DEET were more dose-dependent than the others. Keywords: ciliata; deet; dose; oils; ovatus; penduliflora; repellent; spw

• Brazil Nut (Bertholettia excelsa H.B.K.) Selenium Distribution and Physical Chemical Characteristics of Shell, Brown Skin and Edible Part from Two Amazon Regions by Manfio, Daniel ; Rodrigues, Manuel N. F; Savi, Geovana D; Scussel , Vildes M. (2012) - Figure 2: Brazil nut (Bertholettia excelsa H.B.K.) samples utilized for the Se distribution study: [a] whole, [b) shell, [c] edible nut and [c] brown skin Brazil nuts are Se rich, mainly the edible part however; the brown skin holds a quite high portion of that element, apart from being rich in fiber. Keywords: amazon; brazil; brown; nut; nuts; selenium; shell; skin

• An Examination of the Crop Acreage Allocation Decision Process under Uncertainty by Lee , Young-Jae ; Kennedy, P Lynn (2013) - Since the coefficients of expected price   and yield   elasticity are weighted by expected yield  iy and price  ip , respectively, symmetry conditions do not hold even when Propositions 1 and 2 hold because the expected yield of crop i could be different from the expected yield of crop j ( ji yy  ) and the expected price of crop i could be different from the expected price of crop j( ji pp  ). Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2(3): 46-55 52 For example, the cross-effect of expected price of crop j on acreage of crop i would be equal to the cross-effect of expected price of crop i on the acreage of crop j only when the expected yield of crop i is equal to the expected yield of crop j and the cross effects of expected yields of crops i and j on the acreage allocations of Keywords: acreage;  ;  ;  ;  

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-25