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Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 
Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 

Copyright  © 2022 The  Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 
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A Comprehensive Review on Tailoring an Herbal Approach for Treatment 
of Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome 

Arpana Purohit1*, Sameeksha Jain1, Prakhar Nema1, Deepak Kumar Jain2, Harshna Vishwakarma1, Prateek 
Kumar Jain1 

1 Adina College of Pharmacy, ADINA Campus Rd, Lahdara, Sagar, MP, 470001 

2 Sun Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (SIPER), Bhatpura Road, Lahar, Bhind, MP, 477445 

Article Info: 
_________________________________________ 
Article History: 

Received 13 Jan 2022      
Reviewed 26 Feb 2022 
Accepted 07 March 2022 
Published 15 March 2022 

_________________________________________ 
Cite this article as:  

Purohit A, Jain S, Nema P, Jain DK, Vishwakarma H, 
Jain PK, A Comprehensive Review on Tailoring an 
Herbal Approach for Treatment of Poly Cystic 
Ovarian Syndrome, Asian Journal of Dental and 
Health Sciences. 2022; 2(1):27-32 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i1.13                                 

_________________________________________ 

*Address for Correspondence:   

Arpana Purohit, Adina College of Pharmacy, 
ADINA Campus Rd, Lahdara, Sagar, MP, 470001 

Abstract 
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

The review gives a brief about poly cystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and the symptoms related to the 
disease. Around 2.2 to 26% of cases of PCOS are present globally. The disorder generally occurs in the 
reproductive age group of women. The review has a mention of few herbs which can be used to 
correct the diseased condition. The various herbs have a positive effect on the diseased condition and 
can be used to cure symptoms like hypothyroidism, hyperplasia, obesity, diabetes, Menorrhagia, sleep 
disturbances, cardiovascular problems, hyperlipidemia, hirsutism, infertility, irregular menstrual 
cycle, etc. The herbs included in the review include Bauhinia variegata useful in hormone imbalance, 
Phyllanthus emblica, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, and Commiphora wightii are used to 
regulate the hormones, Cinnamon cassia acts as an anti-oxidant, Tribulus terrestris improves 
reproductive dysfunction, Hypericum perforatum regulates depression, Commiphora myrrha 
prevents menorrhagia, Nigella sativa controls cholesterol, Saraca asoca has estrogenic action, 
Asparagus racemosus promotes folliculogenesis, Tinospora cordifolia regulates menstrual flow, 
Ocimum sanctum as an anti-oxidant. The plants taken had a positive effect on women with PCOS 
without causing any side effects. The natural herbs used for the treatment of PCOS did not have any 
side effects and treated the diseased condition naturally. This review aims to understand the natural 
plants available for the treatment of the disease naturally. The herbs can be used individually or can 
be used in combination.  

Keywords: Poly cystic ovarian syndrome, Herbal medicine, Herbs, Natural plants 

Email: tanuprht@gmail.com 

Introduction  

One of the most prevalent disorders that affect both the 
metabolic and reproductive systems is polycystic ovary 
syndrome (PCOS). The main symptoms of PCOS are 
hyperandrogenism, persistent an ovulation and irregular 
menstrual periods 1, 2. There is no one effective treatment for 
this illness since its pathophysiology is still unclear, despite 
the fact that it likely has epigenetic roots3, 4. For PCOS, various 
pharmaceutical therapies have been suggested. Although they 
have drawbacks including side effects, low patient compliance 
with long-term pharmaceutical therapies, low efficacy, and 
occasionally contraindications, complementary treatments can 
be a good substitute1-5. A complex but frequent condition 
known as polycystic ovarian syndrome typically affects 
females in the reproductive age group. Nearly 70% of women 
who struggle with ovulation due to this condition develop sub 
fertility. The polycystic ovarian syndrome hinders the ovaries 
from functioning normally because the ovaries have cysts on 
them. Obesity or increased weight, high blood pressure, 
diabetes, dysfunctional lipid profiles, dandruff on the scalp or 
oily skin, dark patches on the neck and underarms, chronic 
pelvic pain, acne, increased levels of male hormones causing 
hair thinning and baldness in the male pattern, excessive hair 
growth on the body and face, and, in the case of women, 
menstruation are some of the underlying symptoms of this 
disorder9. Improper metabolism of estrogen, androgen, and 

the generation of regulated amounts of androgen are the main 
underlying causes of PCOS in females 10. Women have been 
reported to have low-grade inflammation and insulin 
resistance. PCOS is negatively impacted by some 
circumstances, including dietary modifications, lifestyle 
adjustments, and exposure to some environmental 
contaminants. It may cause major health concerns if left 
untreated. Additionally, it directly affects fertility11. The most 
popular PCOS treatment options available today are oral 
contraceptives. They work by lowering blood levels of free 
androgens and preventing the release of gonadotropins12. 
Letrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, and clomiphene citrate, a 
non-steroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), 
are frequently used to induce ovulation. Although there is 
accumulating evidence that Letrozole has superior efficacy 
and safety for the mother and fetus13, 14, clomiphene citrate is 
still the first-line medication. Insulin resistance, a crucial 
component of the Rotterdam criteria, is treated with 
metformin in PCOS patients. Overall, treating insulin 
resistance and hyperandrogenism enhances metabolic, 
reproductive, and hormonal processes14. In recent years, the 
usage of complementary therapies has grown, and currently, 
40% of individuals benefit from them15, 16. A neuroendocrine 
characteristic of PCOS includes increased luteinizing hormone 
secretion frequency, luteinizing hormone serum concentration 
rise, luteinizing hormone amplitude increase, and ratio of 
LH/FSH increase17. The development of PCOS is also brought 

                       Open Access                                                                                                                                                                                                           Review Article                                                                          

http://jddtonline.info/
http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i1.13


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on by the interaction of numerous environmental and genetic 
variables. It is typically found in obese, less active or exercise-
challenged women with a family history of PCOS. Ovarian cysts 
are among the symptoms that are employed in the therapy of 
the disorder, along with the absence of ovulation and 
excessive testosterone levels. The presence of any cysts can be 
determined using ultrasound techniques. The diagnosis of the 
illness can also be made using a number of additional factors, 
such as hypothyroidism, hyperplasia, and increased blood 
prolactin levels18.  According to recent studies, there is 
currently little to no cure for PCOS. The only way to address 
the condition is to slightly alter your lifestyle, such as through 
exercise and weight loss. The regularity of the menstrual cycle 
can be maintained with the use of birth control pills, as can 
skin issues like acne and excessive hair growth. Additionally, a 
variety of methods can be employed to cure acne and remove 
body hair19. Lifestyle modification is the current treatment for 
PCOS corresponding to pharmacological interventions. To 
overcome this condition, modifications are to be made in the 
lifestyle such as proper exercise, diet, and also loss of weight. 
Agents that lower insulin, certain anti-androgens, and 
progestin- estrogen in combination comes under the category 
of pharmacological intervention. This category of treatment 
causes various problems and side-effects as they are 
expensive. The side effects can be gain of weight, irregular 
menstrual cycle, gastrointestinal problems, and also insulin 
resistance20.Therefore, at present, lifestyle modification and 
diet alterations are the major concern for the above-
mentioned gynecological diseases. Also, more and more 
patients are opting for herbal treatment. This review defines 
the few natural herbs used for the treatment and their role in 
the treatment of complications related to PCOS as described in 
Table 1. 

Table 1 Herbs used in the treatment of associated PCOS 
complications 

Herb used for 
Treatment 

Symptom/Complication 
associated with PCOS 

 Tribulus terrestris Reproductive dysfunction 

 Cinnamon cassia 

 Ocimum sanctum 

Anti-oxidant 

 Bauhinia variegata Hormonal imbalance 

 Phyllanthus emblica, 

 Terminalia bellirica, 

 Terminalia chebula, and 

 Commiphora wightii 

Regulation of hormones 

 Hypericum perforatum Depression & Mood swings 

 Commiphora myrrha Menorrhagia 

 Nigella sativa Cholesterol 

 Saraca asoca Estrogenic action 

 Tinospora cordifolia Regulation of menstrual flow 

 Asparagus racemosus Folliculogenesis 

 

Herbs in the treatment of PCOS 

Hypericum Perforatum  

The plant known as St. John's wort, Hypericum perforatum, is 
a member of the Hypericaceae family. Many nations employ St. 
John's wort as a medicinal plant. Tipton weed, Goat weed, and 

Enola weed are some of the other names for St. John's wort. 
The herb was advised by Greek physicians to cure 
menstruation disturbances21. There are various situations in 
which the patient's psychological discomfort or psychology 
could influence the course of treatment or reduce the 
likelihood of successful outcomes22. Any factor that 
contributes to negative stress or sadness has no beneficial 
effects on ovarian function or treatment. Patients today have 
more faith in and desire in using natural herbs for therapy and 
the safe, effective, and natural method of healing. In order to 
achieve a synergistic impact or to assist the treatment for 
better results, patients with ovarian dysfunctions and PCOS 
are now utilizing alternative medicine23. In general, women 
who are of reproductive age utilize St. John's wort extracts, 
which are widely recognized as synthetic medications that 
modulate serotonin24, 25. Mild depression and mood 
fluctuations are frequent side effects of PCOS; such mild to 
moderate depression is treated with St. John's wort26.  

Commiphora Wightii  

A therapeutic flowering plant known by many common names, 
including Guggulu, Guggul, and Gugal, Commiphora wightii is a 
member of the Burseraceae family. Although it can also be 
found in Central Asia, guggul is most frequently found in 
Northern India. Guggul extract, also known as guggulipid, is a 
frequent ingredient in Ayurvedic and herbal remedies. Guggul 
contains a variety of therapeutic essential oils, gum extracts, 
and resinous compounds27. The study demonstrated that 
Guggul reduces the DHEA-induced PCOS in the ovarian 
follicles, which is a key factor in minimizing morphological 
abnormalities. As a result, the hormonal fluctuations return to 
normal. The study also shown that the DHEA-induced PCOS 
profile, which includes the hormones FSH, LH, progesterone, 
estrogen and testosterone, experienced a sharp rise in 
hormone levels. Elevated glucose levels were also observed28. 
For the purpose of raising awareness, promoting the use of 
guggul as a nutritional/dietary supplement, and determining 
the safety of use in humans, the National Institute of Health 
Environmental Sciences nominated the Gum Guggul to extract 
for examination of the Toxicological parameters and 
characterization. Gum Guggul has been shown to provide 
advantages for female reproductive organs and hormonal 
balance29. 

Tribulus Terrestris  

The medicinal plant is a member of the Zygophyllaceae family 
and belongs to the genus Tribulus; there are about 20 species 
in this family. Tribulus terrestris, Tribulus cistoides, and 
Tribulus alatus are the three principal species found in India30. 
The medicinal herb utilized in both Ayurveda and Western 
medicine is gokhru, one of the three species31. Gokhru is 
utilized industrially for the creation of feed-based additives 
and medicinal formulations due to its saponin concentration32. 

The herb contains a variety of compounds, including 
glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, etc.; these compounds are 
rich in biological significance when taken as a dry extract of 
the therapeutic plant. According to recent study 
investigations, the medicinal herb is thought to have an impact 
and enhance female sexual dysfunction and reproduction. 
Gokhru is seen as a potential alternative therapy for polycystic 
ovarian disease. Using a strong Gokhru extract, ovarian 
activity can be restarted after cysts in the ovaries have been 
eliminated. It is thought that the medicinal extract affects 
PCOS-affected women's folliculogenesis. The mechanism, 
however, is still not understood33. Herbal medicines are used 
more frequently than synthetic ones since they have fewer 
side effects, are more affordable, and are beneficial to the 
health. They can also be taken for a longer period of time. 
Gokhru is thought to be an ovarian stimulant and a fertility 



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tonic with an impact on women with PCOS. As a result, it is a 
preferred herb for PCOS34. 

Asparagus Racemosus  

In conventional Ayurvedic medicine, shatavari is a herb used 
for medicinal purposes that is a member of the Asparagaceae 
family. Women utilize the remedy plant for infertility, 
menstrual cycle control, ovarian follicle formation, and healthy 
functioning. The plant is thought to contain phytoestrogen, a 
type of natural plant-based estrogen that helps women's 
reproductive systems recover. In cases of hyperinsulinemia, it 
also aids in the body's regulation of insulin35. There was a 
shatavari effect in young women with PCOS. According to a 
study, the plant is thought to boost the hormone that 
stimulates the formation of new follicles, increasing 
folliculogenesis. According to numerous studies36, the weight 
of the ovaries may also grow. It is also regarded as the herb of 
choice for issues related to menstruation. Shatavari has a 
number of ingredients that aid in the treatment of issues 
associated to menstruation, such as menorrhagia, or painful 
menstrual bleeding, irregular flow, etc. The principal 
component of shatavari, saponin, aids in maintaining uterine 
mobility and is hence helpful in reducing unpleasant 
premenopausal bleeding37. Infertility is one of the issues that 
women deal with. Because it promotes folliculogenesis, the 
herb is useful in the treatment of infertility issues. It gets the 
womb ready and lowers the likelihood of miscarriages. The 
roots of shatavari are frequently utilized during abortions to 
assist the uterine muscles grow stronger38. 

Nigella Sativa  

A plant of significant therapeutic value that can be found all 
throughout the nation is Nigella sativa, also known as Kalaunji 
or black cumin and belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. All 
traditional medical systems, such as Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, 
etc., use herbs. The Kalaunji plant plays a significant part in 
the oil and seed portion and is utilized in practically all types 
of medicine. Many illnesses and medical disorders are treated 
with kalaunji. According to Islamic Literature39, it is well 
known to be a curative drug. According to numerous 
researches, black cumin is thought to be actively employed in 
the treatment and management of polycystic ovarian 
syndrome in female patients. Women with PCOS are thought 
to have a higher risk of developing cholesterol. Kalaunji was 
therefore seen to have impacted nearly all the metrics, 
according to the investigations. However, high-density 
lipoprotein and cholesterol were the main effects. While 
raising the body's LDL levels, black cumin modulates 
cholesterol and HDL levels. It has a favorable impact on the 
lipid profile because of choleretic activity, as was seen in the 
case of Kalaunji. Additionally, it's thought that Kalaunji's 
decrease of appetite results in a hypolipidemic profile40. 

Cinnamon Cassia  

The bark of the Dalchini tree has been used all over the world 
as both traditional and modern medicine with a variety of uses 
in addition to as a spice for cooking. Cinnamon trees may be 
found all over the world, and the Dalchini has at least 250 
species that have been documented to date41,42.  Insulin 
resistance and signs of hyperinsulinemia have been identified 
in women with PCOS. Women were shown to have greater 
levels of insulin resistance than controls. Hyperandrogenism 
and insulin resistance are the main causes of irregular 
menstruation and anovulation in women. Synthetic 
medications like metformin have helped to address the 
problem to some extent. They do, however, have 
gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, pre-clinical and clinical 
studies on the natural herb Dalchini revealed a sensitizing 
effect. The herb's polyphenols have the ability to increase 
insulin-dependent glucose metabolism, which changes how 

glucose is transported. According to the study, Dalchini can be 
used to treat PCOS in women since it reduces irregularities in 
the menstrual cycle and offers efficient treatment without side 
effects. When compared to a placebo group, the study also 
reveals that the herb's extract can be utilized to treat irregular 
menstrual cycles and ovulation43. According to the study, 
cinnamon extract acts as an antioxidant and enhances lipid 
profile. As a result, PCOS-affected women experience fewer 
side effects and risk factors44. 

Bauhinia Variegata  

In the tropical and temperate areas of India, there is a tree 
known as Bauhinia Variegata or Kanchanar, which has been 
used for many centuries in the Ayurveda. Kanchanar Guggul is 
the form of kanchanar that is used to treat PCOS. It works well 
to cure a variety of ailments, including PCOS, uterine cysts, 
various joint issues, and hormone imbalances. Guggul is 
known as "Guggulu" in Sanskrit, and it signifies "to protect 
from diseases." The purpose of guggul is to boost the 
lymphatic system's performance as well as the body's ability 
to rid itself of pollutants. Varuna, black pepper, long pepper, a 
kwath of Triphala, pure Guggul resin, cardamom, and 
cinnamon are among the herbs included in Kanchanar 
guggul45.  

Triphala: Emblica officinalis, Terminalia beletica, 
Terminalia chebula 

The term "triphala" refers to a combination or mixture of the 
three fruits Amla, Haritaki, and Baheda. Triphala is used to 
treat PCOS because it has anti-inflammatory properties in 
addition to being an antioxidant and a natural source of 
vitamin C. Triphala also has cleansing and purifying properties 
that aid in the treatment of PCOS. The radicals that Triphala 
scavenges are superoxide and diphenylpicrylhydrazyl. As a 
result, it has anti-inflammatory properties. Free radical 
scavenging is a characteristic of phenolic compounds, which 
are found in Triphala extracts. By affecting hormone 
regulation, these chemicals primarily serve to alleviate the 
issue of menstrual irregularities46. According to Ayurveda, 
"Tridoshic Rasayana" is a therapeutic agent that affects the 
three constitutional energies of vata, pitta, and kapha. It has 
balancing and rejuvenating effects on these energies. Triphala 
is thought to be a combination of Vatta, Pitta, and Kapha 
according to Ayurveda, making it well-balanced and 
detoxifying. In an old Ayurvedic source, triphala is referred to 
as a Tridoshic Rasayana, a medicinal substance with 
rejuvenating and balancing effects on the three humors, or 
constitutional elements, of Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Amla is 
chilly in nature, but Harad, Baheda, and Ama have warm 
energies. Because it combines all three, triphala is balanced 
and effective as a remedy for internal cleaning and 
detoxification47. 

Saraca Asoka  

Leguminosae is the family that the Ashoka tree belongs to. The 
tree's dry bark contains tannins, catechol, and other 
substances that contain calcium. The Asoka tree includes a 
number of important ions, such as phosphate, sodium, 
calcium, and magnesium. Treatment for PCOS, irregular 
menstruation patterns, uncontrolled profuse bleeding, uterine 
spasms, mild to severe discomfort, and dysmenorrhea are the 
main uses of Ashoka bark. Asoka is regarded as one of the best 
uterine tonics because it combats irregular menstrual cycles 
and miscarriage situations. Antimenorrhagia or excessive 
bleeding is treated with the herb. Women with PCOS and other 
uterine disorders use both the flower and the bark parts of the 
plant. Uterine hemorrhage can also be treated using Asoka's 
stem. Additionally, the oxytocin activity of the herb is said to 
have thickened the endometrium, the innermost layer of the 
uterus, helping to prevent uterine diseases. The Ashoka is 



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thought to behave similarly to estrogen, promoting healthy 
uterine function and reducing excessive bleeding. In cases of 
severe menstrual bleeding, it functions as an astringent. 
Additionally, it induces the uterine muscles to contract. 
Additionally, uterine fibroid and menorrhagia in PCOS cases 
are mentioned in the studies48. 

Ocimum Sanctum  

The main medical applications of the sacred herbal plant Tulsi 
are the management of obesity and hypoglycemia49. 

Because of its anti-androgenic qualities, it is used to treat 
polycystic ovarian syndrome. It controls obesity and reduces 
testosterone production50. The body does not use the 
androgens since the appropriate ovulation process does not 
occur. Unused androgens are the cause of hirsutism and the 
acne issue. Tulsi's function is to maintain and utilize androgen 
levels appropriately. Additionally, it has antioxidant 
properties51. 

Tinospora Cordifolia  

The scientific name for the family member Guduchi is 
Tinospora cordifolia. A medicinal herb known as 
Menispermaceae has a variety of therapeutic benefits, 
including hypoglycemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-stress, and 
ovarian balance. The pant uses the stem portion. Guduchi's 
primary use is in the management of PCOS. The primary 
contributors to tissue inflammation are insulin disturbances 
and ovarian cysts. Guduchi is thought to have anti-
inflammatory properties. It serves to naturally strengthen 
immunity. Women who have PCOS develop insulin resistance, 
which aids in overcoming that resistance. This plant also 
regulates menstruation flow46. All body tissues are 
regenerated by guduchi, and it also aids in increasing 
immunity and metabolism52. 

Commiphora Molmol  

Commiphora molmol, also known as Commiphora myrrha, is a 
member of the genus Commiphora, which is regarded as 
having the most species diversity among all the genera of 
flowering plants and is descended from the family 
Burseraceae. Myrrha is known as "murr" in Arabic, which 
means "bitter"; according to the Unani school of medicine, 
"murr" refers to an oleo gum resin that is extracted from the 
tree's bark. Alkaloids, glycosides, volatile oil, saponins, 
terpenoids, steroids, bitter principle, and others are some of 
the main phytochemical components of Commiphora 
myrrha53.Myrrha is mostly responsible for amenorrhea, or the 
absence of menstruation. To help the menstrual cycle, myrrh 
is coupled with iron-rich foods. Menorrhagia, which is 
characterized as a medical disease with copious and 
protracted bleeding throughout the menstrual period, is 
another function of myrrh in PCOS. Myrrh stops excessive 
blood loss during irregular and protracted bleeding. The resin 
may also act as an emmenagogue to increase blood flow when 
there is a uterine irregularity. Several uterine infections are 
treated with oleo-gum resin54. Any obstruction in the path of 
the uterus is one of the herb's most crucial functions, and it 
also plays a part in brief and irregular periods. It encourages 
controlling menstrual bleeding55.  

Future aspects of PCOS using herbal treatment  

The disorder known as polycystic ovarian syndrome has a 
number of long-term, chronic health issues. On the long-term 
impact of PCOS on a woman's health, little research has been 
done to date. According to numerous studies, PCOS can cause 
women to have a variety of side effects, including mood 
fluctuations, weight gain, diabetes, heart disease, and 
miscarriage. Choosing the best treatments for women going 
through the postmenopausal stage is still a challenge. 

Numerous studies indicate that women with PCOS had higher 
bone mineral densities. To understand the health hazards 
associated with women's aging, more research is needed. 
Identifying the relevant risk factors and genetic alterations 
both play a crucial role56. A few herbs that can be used to cure 
polycystic ovarian syndrome naturally and without any 
negative side effects are listed in the review. The long-term 
use of synthetic medications is linked to a number of negative 
side effects; as a result, the symptoms of PCOS gradually start 
to disappear. It is advised to use natural products over the 
long term57. 

Conclusion  

According to the review, continuous usage of synthetic 
medications may result in negative effects. On the other hand, 
herbal medications are secure and offer therapeutic activity 
without any negative side effects when used for a long period 
of time. A number of herbs can be taken singly or in 
combination to reduce PCOS risk factors. Additionally, it was 
shown that combining a few herbs results in a synergistic 
impact. It is more common to see the pharmacological action 
in combination than as a single component. A number of 
market concoctions combine a number of plants, and each 
herb enhances the pharmacological effects of the others. 
Consequently, choosing the right herbs and their interactions 
is equally crucial. There are several herbal products offered 
for PCOS, including well-known manufacturers like Himalaya, 
Patanjali, Dabur, Baidyanath, etc. All these marketed 
preparations have herbal drugs or a combination of herbal 
drugs. 

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