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Available online at ajdhs.com 

Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 
Open Access to Dental and Medical Research 

Copyright  © 2025 The  Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 
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original author and source are credited  

 

 

Herbal Medicine for Pain Management in Dentistry 

Sunil Kumar Prajapati 1 , Divya Jain 2, Krishan Kumar Verma 3, Rajeshwar Kamal Kant Arya 4 , Ram C 
Dhakar 5* , Omji Porwal 6 , Vijay Kumar Tilak 7, Sheo Datta Maurya 8 

1 Professor, Institute of Pharmacy, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, India 

2 Dental Surgeon, SRG Hospital & Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India 

3 Professor, Metro Institute of Health Sciences and Research, Uttar Pradesh, India 

4 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sir JC Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, India 

5 Hospital Pharmacy, SRG Hospital & Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India-326001 

6 Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq 

7 Professor, Apex Professional University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh-791102, India 

8 Pharmacist, Health Unit, Sitarampur, Eastern Railway, Asansol-713359, India 

Article Info: 
_____________________________________________ 
Article History: 

Received   03 Sep 2025     
Reviewed  24 Oct 2025 
Accepted   19 Nov 2025 
Published 15 Dec 2025 

_____________________________________________ 
Cite this article as:  

Prajapati SK, Jain D, Verma KK, Arya RKK, 
Dhakar RC, Porwal O, Tilak VK, Maurya SD, 
Herbal Medicine for Pain Management in 
Dentistry, Asian Journal of Dental and Health 
Sciences. 2025; 5(4):1-6 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v5i4.146              

Abstract 
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Dental Pain is one of the most prevalent conditions across the globe that is managed through 
various methods. Allopathic medicines, i.e. Analgesics, Opioids, Steroids, and Local anaesthetics, 
are used for the treatment or management of chronic/acute Pain. But due to the adverse effects 
associated with these allopathic medicines, Herbal Medicine should be considered as an 
alternative therapy for Pain Management in Dentistry. Various Medicinal plants, such as Garlic, 
Cloves, Turmeric, Neem, Peppermint, and babul, possess significant analgesic activity; therefore, 
well-designed clinical studies are required to establish and improve the efficacy of herbal 
medicine for dental pain. Thus, the use and implementation of natural treatments will be highly 
beneficial to the field of dentistry. The present review highlights Herbal Medicine, which plays a 
crucial role in treating pain, particularly in post-maintenance periodontal therapies, without side 
effects. 

Keywords: Dental Pain, Herbal Medicine, Clove, Turmeric, Neem, Ginger 

*Address for Correspondence:   

Ram C Dhakar, Hospital Pharmacy, SRG Hospital & Medical College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India-326001 

 

Introduction  

Oral health is an integral component of general health. 
Oral health problems such as dental caries, periodontal 
diseases, and oral cancers are global concerns 
restricting and confining the day-to-day errands and 
chores. 1. Oral diseases remain a significant global health 
issue, with dental caries and periodontal diseases being 
among the most critical challenges in oral health. 2 
Dental Pain is one of the most prevalent conditions 
across the globe that is managed through various 
methods. Allopathic medicines like NSAIDs and opioids 
are used for the treatment or management of 
chronic/acute Pain. But due to the adverse effects 
associated with these allopathic medicines, Herbs have 
long been a popular self-medication option due to their 
accessibility, trusted efficacy, and safety in relieving 
oral/dental problems. Therefore, herbal Medicine 

should be considered as an alternative therapy for Pain 
Management in Dentistry 1.  

Natural products contain a wide range of bioactive 
compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, 
and phenolic compounds, which have demonstrated 
antimicrobial, wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and 
antioxidant activities. 2 Herbal medicines like clove oil, 
Turmeric, Ginger, Peppermint, Moringa and garlic have 
shown significant promise for pain management in 
dentistry, offering anti-inflammatory and analgesic 
properties with fewer side effects than some 
conventional drugs. Clinical studies suggest that, in 
some cases, certain herbal extracts can be as effective as 
standard over-the-counter pain medications for specific 
types of dental pain. Herbal medicine has long been 
used as an alternative treatment because it is less likely 
to cause allergic reactions or other adverse effects, as it 
comes from natural sources. Therefore, it is essential to 

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Prajapati et al.                                                                                                                                  Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2025; 5(4):1-6 

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analyse and test the efficacy of herbal medicine to 
establish and promote its use as an alternative therapy 
for Pain Management in Dentistry. New medical 
professionals must be able to assimilate popular 
knowledge, update it, and place it in the arsenal of 
modern medicine for the general benefit of society. 3 
Thus, the use and implementation of natural medicines 
like neem, cloves, ginger, Turmeric etc will be highly 
beneficial to the field of dentistry. 4 This review provides 
insights into some medicinal plants, elucidating their 
medicinal attributes and applications in dentistry.  

Herbal Medicine for Pain Management in 
Dentistry 

Herbal medicines like Clove Oil 5-13, Turmeric, 
Peppermint, Moringa 14, Neem 15-23, Ginger 11, 24-30, Garlic 
31-35, Cacao Beans 3, 36-42, Green Tea 43-46 etc. have shown 
significant promise for pain management in dentistry, 
offering anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties 
with fewer side effects than some conventional drugs. In 
this review, we highlight some herbal medicine that 
plays a crucial role in treating pain, particularly in post-
maintenance periodontal therapies. 

Syzygium aromaticum (Clove oil) 

Contains eugenol, which has pain-relieving and 
antibacterial properties. It can be diluted with a carrier 
oil and applied to the affected area with a cotton ball, or 
used as a mouthwash. 

Clove offers the following advantages; 

1. Immediate Pain Relief: The numbing effects of 
eugenol can provide quick relief from sharp, 
throbbing toothaches, making it ideal for temporary 
relief until you can see a dentist. 

2. Anti-inflammatory Effects: Cloves reduce swelling 
and inflammation around the gums and affected 
teeth, which can help speed up the healing process 
and reduce discomfort.5,6 

3. Antiseptic Properties: By fighting harmful bacteria, 
cloves can help prevent infections, particularly after 
dental procedures like extractions or fillings. 7 

4. Natural and Chemical-Free: Unlike pharmaceutical 
pain relievers, cloves are a natural option, making 
them an excellent choice for those seeking a holistic 
solution to dental pain. 

5. Affordable and Accessible: Cloves are easy to find in 
most kitchens or health stores, and they’re cost-
effective compared to many other dental pain 
treatments. 

Clove, particularly its active compound eugenol, has 
been traditionally employed in various cultures for the 
management of pain and inflammation 5. Eugenol, the 
primary bioactive component of clove, exhibits 
significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. 
Research has indicated that eugenol can inhibit 
cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are crucial in the 
inflammatory process. This inhibition helps mitigate 
inflammation and pain; therefore, clove is a promising 
candidate for post-surgical pain management 6. Clinical 

studies support cloves' efficacy in relieving pain. For 
example, one study found that clove oil effectively 
reduced pain during intraoral injections in children, 
which was comparable to the pain relief provided by ice 
7. Esmaeili et al. reported that clove has been used in 
dental emergencies as an effective reliever for toothache 
and as an anti-inflammatory agent for the mouth and 
throat 8. Additionally, Havale et al. demonstrated that 
clove oil was more effective than a commonly used local 
anaesthetic, lignocaine gel. These findings suggest that 
clove could serve as a valuable adjunct to conventional 
postoperative pain management strategies 9. Chandran 
et al. found in their in vivo study that a higher dose 
(200mg/kg) of the extract was effective in reducing pain 
and inflammation 10. 

A study by Alipour et al concluded that a combination of 
cloves and ginger as analgesic agents can serve as a non-
narcotic treatment option for managing mild-to-
moderate postoperative pain. 11 In another study, 
Jesudasan et al. (2015) examined the efficacy of a clove-
derived eugenol paste in 270 patients with alveolar 
osteitis. Patients treated with eugenol experienced 
significantly greater relief in postoperative pain, 
inflammation, infection, and wound healing than those 
treated with 0.2% chlorhexidine gel. Results of this 
study concluded that eugenol was the better of the 2 
interventions. 12, 13  

Azadirachta indica (Neem) 

Used in dentistry for its antimicrobial and anti-
inflammatory effects, it can help with gum tissue and is 
found in products like toothpaste. Neem chewing sticks 
exhibit anti-plaque activity attributed to their fibrous 
nature. The neem plant, rich in chemotherapeutic 
antiplaque agents such as gallotannins, aids plaque 
removal by promoting aggregate formation. Anti-plaque 
activity of gallotanin effectively inhibits 
glucosyltransferase activity and reduces bacterial 
adhesion.15 Unlike antibiotics, neem extracts do not 
cause gingival allergies, preserving their effectiveness.16 

In a study assessing analgesic effects, 2 ml/kg body 
weight of neem seed oil (NSO) is comparable to a 1 
mg/kg body weight dose of morphine. Notably, NSO 
demonstrates superior analgesic efficacy compared to 
morphine within 45 min.17 Excessive use of neem in the 
form of mouth rinses and gels can temporarily stain the 
teeth and tongue.18 Kumar et al observed that the oil of 
seeds of neem in a dose of 2 ml/kg body weight was 
appropriate in comparison with morphine with a dose 
of 1 mg/kg body weight. Neem Seed oil yields a more 
potent analgesic effect than morphine within 45 
minutes. Srinivasa et al. found that neem resembles 
indomethacin in a study done using albino rats 19. 

In a recent investigation, Ofiri et al. evaluated the 
effectiveness of Neem. 48 patients were randomly 
assigned to the control and neem groups. Results of this 
study concluded that Neem mouthwash was more 
effective in controlling pain, facial swelling, trismus, and 
poor wound healing than chlorhexidine mouthwash. 
Still, they had the same effect as chlorhexidine 
mouthwash in controlling localised alveolitis, acute 



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alveolar infection, and adverse effects. 20. Also, it has 
been reported that neem contains limonoids 21, which 
show anti-inflammatory activity. Neem is reported to 
remarkably reduce the release of monocyte chemotactic 
protein-1 (MCP-1) 22. Extracts of neem leaves mitigate 
the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-
α, IL-6, and IL-1β. On the other hand, it enhances the 
release of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1021, 

22, 23. Despite the well-documented anti-inflammatory 
and analgesic effects of neem, these effects have not 
been reported following third molar surgery. 

Zingiber officinale (Ginger) 

Contains anti-inflammatory compounds called 
gingerols. The combination of cloves and ginger as 
analgesic agents can be used as a non-narcotic 
treatment option for managing mild-to-moderate pain 
after surgery 11. It contains 80-90 non-volatile 
compounds that contribute to its anti-inflammatory, 
antioxidant, and antiemetic properties. Ginger also 
reduces pain by inhibiting prostaglandins via the COX 
and LOX pathways, exhibiting antioxidant activity, 
inhibiting the transcription factor NF-κB, and acting as 
an agonist of vanilloid nociceptors 24. The active 
constituents present in ginger, including gingerols and 
shogaols, have been extensively studied for their ability 
to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. These 
properties suggest that ginger is a promising option for 
postsurgical pain relief 25. Ginger is used for its anti-
inflammatory, antioxidant, antiemetic, and pain-
reducing effects, and can modulate pain through various 
mechanisms 26. Martins et al. reported that ginger 
significantly reduced migraine headache frequency and 
symptom severity compared with sumatriptan 27. In 
another study, Kashefi et al. 28 and Rahnama et al. 29 
found that ginger significantly alleviated primary 
dysmenorrhea in patients treated with ginger for five 
days, starting two days before the onset of 
menstruation. Another study demonstrated that ginger 
extract was effective in reducing pain and improving 
functional outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis, 
suggesting its potential benefits in the postoperative 
setting 30 

Allium sativum (Garlic) 

Garlic is not only a potent antibacterial agent but also a 
natural, safe dental pain reliever. The compound allicin 
has antimicrobial properties. A crushed garlic clove can 
be applied to the tooth for temporary relief.  Results 
from the study of Maribao et al suggest that Aqueous 
Garlic Extract (AqGE) and Ethanolic Garlic Extract 
(EtGE), at specific concentrations and dosages, may be 
effective for pain relief. Results of this study hint at the 
potential of garlic extracts as natural pain management 
solutions, but further investigation is essential for 
practical applications. 31 Aged garlic extract (AGE) has 
been reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. AGE 
has recently been found to reduce inflammatory 
symptoms in periodontitis, a widespread chronic 
inflammatory disease caused by oral bacterial infection. 
32 A clinical trial assessed the efficacy of aged garlic 
extract (AGE) in reducing probing pocket depth (PPD) 
and improving gingival health over 18 months. The 

average PPD for the AGE group dramatically declined 
from 1.89±0.74 mm at baseline to 1.06±0.49 mm at 18 
months (p<0.001) 33. AGE comprises sulfur compounds, 
including S-allylcysteine, S-1-propenylcysteine, and S-
allylmercaptocysteine, which exhibit antioxidant 
properties that enhance the efficacy of AGE in 
addressing periodontitis. It also improves peripheral 
circulation, diminishes inflammation, and augments 
immunological abilities 34, 35. 

Theobroma cacao L (Cacao Beans) 

Even more surprising are the investigations conducted 
by different authors in different countries on the 
antimicrobial effect of cacao beans (Theobroma cacao L. 
[Sterculiaceae]), the plant from which chocolate is 
derived. It is a potential substitute for chlorhexidine as a 
mouth rinse, with powerful anticariogenic, antibacterial, 
and antiplaque activities (Ooshima et al. 2000; 
Matsumoto et al. 2004; Srikanth et al. 2008; Venkatesh 
Babu et al. 2011) 36-39. It would be especially useful in 
paediatric dentistry because it would be acceptable to 
children without hypersensitivity and coloration of the 
teeth and tongue that chlorhexidine can have on 
children (Al-Tannir and Goodman 1994) 40. Moreover, it 
has been shown that its bioactive compounds, such as 
catechins and theobromine, possess strong anti-oxidant 
activity (Lee et al. 2003; Ramiro-Puig and Castell 2009) 
41-42. Thus, T. cacao is a natural source of an agent with 
potent anticariogenic and antimicrobial activity that has 
potential in dentistry 3.  

Camellia sinensis (Green Tea) 

Green tea has been suggested to promote periodontal 
health by reducing inflammation, preventing bone 
resorption, and restricting the growth of certain 
periodontal-related bacteria. 43 Green tea has 
antioxidant, carcinogenic, antimicrobial and non-
inflammatory properties. Several in vitro studies have 
shown that the development of Porphyromonas 
gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella 
nigrescens on human buccal epithelial cells is inhibited 
by the green tea component Epigallocatechin 3 Gallate 
(EGCG). 44,45 Another investigation attempted to evaluate 
the effectiveness of a neem by Shahakbari et al. (2014), 
the pain associated with pericoronitis was notably 
reduced in 97 patients treated with green tea compared 
with that in those treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine. 46  

Important considerations  

Professional Consultation: These are for temporary relief 
only. Herbal medicines are not a replacement for 
professional dental care. It is crucial to visit a dentist for 
proper diagnosis and definitive treatment of the 
underlying cause of pain (e.g., a cavity or infection). A 
dentist should suggest a readily available option for 
immediate pain relief during indirect communication.  

Safety and Side Effects: Although often considered safe, 
herbs can have side effects or interact with other 
medications. Clove oil, for instance, can cause local 
irritation if overused 17, 20, 21, 22. Essential oils should 
always be diluted with a carrier oil before applying to 
the skin or gums to avoid irritation. A dental 



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professional can advise on the most appropriate and 
safe options for your specific condition. A dentist should 
review the patient's medical and dental history to assess 
the patient's psychological and physical condition 
through voice modulation 1.  

Formulations: Herbal extracts are available in various 
forms, including oils, gels, mouthwashes, and tablets, 
some of which are specifically formulated for dental use 
and are backed by clinical testing. These formulations 
should be cost-effective compared to allopathic 
medicines and have desirable organoleptic properties. 

Conclusion and future directions  

Use of herbal medicine is on the rise. In India, more than 
70% of the population uses herbal drugs, and this 
constitutes primarily the rural population, who depend 
solely upon herbal-based products 47,48. Various 
Medicinal plants, such as Ginger, Cloves, Turmeric, 
Neem, Peppermint, Babul, Garlic, Cacao Beans, and 
Green tea, have been used for a long time. Still, some of 
them have reported their adverse effects. Eugenol have 
local irritation and some cytotoxic effects. It is 
considered safe when used correctly in small amounts; 
however, it can cause liver and respiratory problems 
when ingested in large quantities.49,50 Turmeric is 
generally regarded as safe; however, at higher doses, it 
may cause gastric irritation, nausea, diarrhoea, allergic 
skin reaction, and antithrombotic events.51  Therefore, 
well-designed clinical studies are required to establish 
and improve the efficacy of herbal medicine for dental 
pain. 

Most available studies are small-scale clinical trials, and 
further research is needed to establish herbal medicine 
as a part of standard care. The optimal timing, dosage, 
and long-term effects of herbal medications require 
further investigation. More effective perioperative 
management may be achieved when combined with 
preoperative lifestyle modifications. Herbal medicines 
are well tolerated and widely accepted, and 
interestingly, they also have cultural and psychological 
acceptance, especially among the Indian population 52. 
Thus, the field of dentistry stands to gain immense 
benefit from the implementation and use of herbal 
drugs. In conclusion, both clinical and basic research are 
essential to advance the role of herbal medicine in 
dentistry. Further research should be conducted to 
evaluate the efficacy and safety of medicinal plants and 
to promote their use as an alternative therapy for Pain 
Management in Dentistry.  

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no potential 

conflict of interest concerning the contents, authorship, 

and/or publication of this article. 

Author Contributions: All authors have equal 

contributions in the preparation of the manuscript and 

compilation. 

Source of Support: Nil 

Funding: The authors declared that this study has 

received no financial support. 

Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable.  

Data Availability Statement: The data supporting this 

paper are available in the cited references.  

Ethical approval: Not applicable 

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