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Available online at ajdhs.com 

Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 
Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 

Copyright  © 2022 The  Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the 

original author and source are credited 
 

 

 

A Review on Herbal Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals 

Sameeksha Jain*, Mahima Trivedi, Manoj Raikwar, Maniram Lodhi, Meer Yousuf Ali, Arpana Purohit, Prakhar 
Nema  

 Adina College of Pharmacy, ADINA Campus Rd, Lahdara, Sagar, MP, 470001 

Article Info: 
_______________________________________ 
Article History: 
Received 21 Sep 2022      
Reviewed 29 October 2022 
Accepted 20 Nov 2022 
Published 15 Dec 2022 

_______________________________________ 
Cite this article as:  

Jain S, Trived Mi, Raikwar M, Lodhi M, Ali MA, 
Purohit A, Nema P, A Review on Herbal 
Cosmetics and Cosmeceuticals, Asian Journal of 
Dental and Health Sciences. 2022; 2(4):9-16 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v2i4.19  

_______________________________________

*Address for Correspondence:   

Sameeksha Jain, Adina College of Pharmacy, 
Sagar, MP, 470001 

Abstract 
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Human beings have been using herbs for different purpose like food, medicine, beautifying. The word 

cosmetic was derived from the Greek word “kosm tikos” meaning having the power, arrange, skill in 

decorating. The natural herbs and their products when used for their aromatic value in cosmetic 

preparation are termed as herbal cosmetics. The increased demand for the natural product has created 

new avenues in cosmeceuticals market. The herbal Cosmetics have been the first choice of the 

customers, for being more potent, easily available and thought to be less side effective. Herbal cosmetics 

are Fastest growing field of personal care products. Cosmeceuticals is the fastest growing segment of the 

personal care products these are cosmetic preparations which contain biologically active principles or 

ingredients of plant origin. In recent years there is an increased demand for the use of herbs in 

cosmetics due to their mild action and less toxic in nature and they are found to be more effective. The 

desire of good looking and to be beautiful gave a huge market for the herbal cosmetics. Now a days 

desire to be look younger than original age, to be look beautiful, fresh, charming and fair have directly 

increased the demand of herbal cosmetics as well as of the Cosmeceuticals in the market. Hence the 

review overlooks on the use of herbal cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. It also describes about herbs as 

cosmetics. Numerous herbal plants are available naturally; they having different chemical constituents 

used in cosmetics preparations. This review is based on focusing on the cosmeceuticals intended to 

enhance the health and beauty of skin. 

Keywords: Herbal cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, herbs, skin care, skin cosmetics, tooth cosmetics, hair 
cosmetics. 

 

Introduction  

Now-a-days the usefulness of herbs in the cosmeceutical 
production has been extensively increased in personal care 
system and there is a great demand for the herbal cosmetics. 
Cosmetics are the substances is to be applied to the human 
body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, and 
altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure 
or functions. The word cosmetic was derived from the Greek 
word “kosm tikos” meaning having the power, arrange, skill in 
decorating 1. The origin of cosmetics was associated with 
hunting, fighting, religion and superstition and later associated 
with medicine. Various synthetic compounds, chemicals, dye 
are proved to cause various skin diseases having numerous 
side effects. Thus we are using herbal cosmetics as much as 
possible. The basic idea of skin care cosmetic lies deep in the, 
Ayurveda and unani and Homeopathic system of medicine. 
The herbs should have variety of properties like anti-oxidant, 
anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, emollient, anti-seborrhatic, anti-
kerolytic activity and anti-bacterial etc Cosmetics are 
developed to reduce wrinkles, fight acne and to control oil 
secretion. for various types of skin ailments formulations like 
skin protective, sunscreen, anti-acne, anti-wrinkle and anti-
aging are designed using varieties of materials, either natural 
or synthetic 2. The skin and hair beauty of individuals depends 
on the health, habits, routine job, climatic conditions and 
maintenance. The skin due to excessive exposure to heat will 
dehydrate during summer and causes wrinkle, freckles, 

blemishes, pigmentation and sunburns. The extreme winter 
cause damages to the skin in the form of cracks, cuts, 
maceration and infections 3. Cosmetics are an extremely 
various and diversified set of product including creams, 
powders, perfumes, lotions, washing products, and the wide 
sector of decorative cosmetics or makeup. Natural substances 
are extensively used in the preparations of cosmetics, and 
there is an ever growing interest in the understanding of their 
mechanisms of action, in order to achieve a more 
sophisticated targeted design of skin care products. The 
demand of herbal medicines is increasing rapidly due to their 
skin friendliness and lack of side effects. The best thing of the 
herbal cosmetics is that it is purely made by the herbs and 
shrubs and thus is side-effects free. The natural content in the 
herbs does not have any side effects on the human body 
instead provide the body with nutrients and other useful 
minerals 4. Compared to other beauty products, natural 
cosmetics are safe to use. They are hypo-allergenic and tested 
and proven by dermatologists to be safe to use anytime, 
anywhere. Since they are made of natural ingredients, people 
don’t have to worry about getting skin rashes or experience 
skin itchiness. In the 21st century natural cosmetic is about 
developing “New skin care concept based on the perfect 
synergy between nature and technology, between the purest 
bioactive ingredients and premium performance innovation.” 
Natural cosmetic philosophy is “Believe in the synergy of 
nature, in its simplest form, along with the most complex 

                       Open Access                                                                                                                                                                                                          Review Article                                                                           

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technology.” Modern natural cosmetic products are free from 
potentially harmful substances and help promote our looks 
without damaging our skin. The present study collect the 
details of herbal plants were used in different cosmetics 
discusses the constituents and its activities in cosmetics 
preparations. Cosmeceuticals is the fastest growing segment of 
the personal care products, these are cosmetics products 
which contains biologically active principles and ingredients 
of plant origin. To study the functions and efficacy of naturally 
derived ingredients for the use in cosmetics, a new branch of 
science is developed known as “Cosmetic Phytognosy” which 
deals with biochemical properties of plant derived ingredients 
to be use in herbal cosmetics. According to Drug and Cosmetic 
Act 1940, describes as, Any Article or preparation intended to 
rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on or introduced to or 
applied to any part of human body for cleaning, perfuming, 
beautifying, promoting, attractiveness or altering the 
appearance and includes any article intended for use as 
component of cosmetics. The use of natural herbs ingredients 
in personal and health care product has been emerged for its 
better experiences. Recent researchers proves that herbs 
while being more effective as they mild and soothing. Potent 
synthetic preparation and chemicals, though effective, 
constitute a toxic burden to human body. Herbal Cosmetics, 
referred as Products formulated by various natural herbal 
ingredients are used in as base in preparation of effective 
herbal cosmetic. Herbs do not produce instant cures. They 
offer a way to put the body in proper tune with nature 5. The 
demand of herbal medicines is increasing rapidly due to their 
skin friendliness and lack of side effects. The best thing of the 
herbal cosmetics is that it is purely made by the herbs and 
shrubs and thus is side-effects free. The natural content in the 
herbs does not have any side effects on the human body; 
instead provide the body with nutrients and other useful 
minerals 6.  The term Cosmeceuticals was first used by 
Raymond Reed founding member of U.S Society of Cosmetics 
Chemist in 1961. He actually used the word to brief the active 
and science based cosmetics. The above term was further used 
by Dr Albert Kligman in the year 1984 to refer the substances 
that have both cosmetic and therapeutic benefits 7.  
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic-pharmaceutical hybrids intended 
to enhance health and beauty through ingredients that 
influence the skin's biological texture and function 8. 

Advantages of herbal cosmetics over synthetic 9 

1. Naturally available  

Herbal cosmetics are made by herbs which are easily available 
from nature; they are free from all the harmful synthetic 
chemicals. Although herbal cosmetics prepared by naturally 
available plant parts and plant extracts, they may as effective 
as synthetic product. e.g. aloe-vera gel and coconut oil. They 
also consist of natural nutrients like Vitamin E, Vitamin C that 
beautify skin and provide nourishment to the skin. For 
example, Aloe vera is an herbal plant species belonging to 
liliaceae family and is naturally and easily available 10.  There 
are number of consumers concerned about toxic synthetic 
chemicals, mineral oils which is may use as ingredients in 
many cosmetics. They demand more natural products with 
traceable and more natural ingredients, free from harmful 
chemicals and effectiveness 11. 

2. Safer to use  

As compared to synthetic products, herbal cosmetics are safe 
to use. They are less allergenic, non toxic, tested and proven by 
dermatologists to be safe to use. Since they are made of 
natural ingredients.  

 

 

3. Less side effects  

The synthetic beauty products can irritate your skin, and 
cause rashesh on skin. Sometime they might block skin pores 
and make skin dry or oily. With herbal cosmetics, we need not 
worry any adverse reactions. The natural ingredients used 
assure no side effects; it can apply on the skin assurely. For 
example herbal cosmetics are free from parabens that are the 
most widely used preservative in cosmetics and can penetrate 
the skin 12.  And are suspected of interfering with hormone 
function (endocrine disruption) 13. 

4. Economical to use  

Natural cosmetics are not that expensive. In fact, some of these 
products are more affordable than synthetic ones. They are 
offered at discounted prices and are sold for a cheap price 
during sales. Just need to survey enough to look for great 
deals. An estimate of WHO demonstrates about 80% of world 
population depends on natural products for their health care, 
because of side effects inflicted and rising cost of modern 
medicine. World Health Organization currently recommends 
and encourages traditional herbal cures in natural health care 
programs as these drugs are easily available at low cost and 
are comparatively safe 14 .   

Cosmeceuticals 

‘Cosmeceuticals’ is fastest growing segment of the beauty 
industry. Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic-pharmaceutical 
products intended to improve the health and beauty of the 
skin by providing a specific result, ranging from acnecontrol, 
sun protection to anti-wrinkle, anti-agening effects. They are 
skin protecting as well as skin glowing agent 15. 
Cosmeceuticals are future generation of skin care. They are 
the advances made within the world of dermatological 
products and the new backbone in skincare. Cosmeceutical are 
typically cosmetic pharmaceutical hybrids intended to 
enhance the health and beauty of skin. Some cosmeceuticals 
are naturally-derived while others are synthetic, but all 
contain functional ingredients with therapeutic, disease-
fighting or healing properties 16 Raymond Reed, Founder of 
U.S. Society of cosmetic chemist, created the concept of 
“cosmeceutical” was popularized by American dermatologist. 
The synthetic beauty products can irritate your skin, and 
cause pimples. They might block your pores and make your 
skin dry or oily. With natural cosmetics, one need not worry 
about these. The natural ingredients used assure no side 
effects; one can apply them anytime, anywhere. For example 
herbal cosmetics are free from parabens that are the most 
widely used preservative in cosmetics and can penetrate the 
skin. 

Cosmetic preparation is divided into 3 
categories 

Solid: Face Powder, Talcum Powder, Compact Powder  

Semisolid: Cream, Ointment, Liniments  

Liquid: Lotion, Hair Oil, Shampoo, Mouthwashes, Sprays etc 17. 

How to use herbs  

In earlier time, herbs were used for both medicinal purposes 
as well as for beautification .these had been used in both 
forms, i.e. fresh form & dried form .these can be used by 
mashing & directly applying to the body with or without using 
other ingredients. In fact in earlier times these were used this 
way only. But nowadays, their extracts, decoctions, infusion, 
tinctures, steam distillates etc. there are a few manufacturer of 
herbal in India. Herbs can be used in the form of following.   



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Infusions: these are basically strong teas of herbs and can be 
prepared either in china clay pots or stainless steel vessels 
.aluminium vessels should not be used as these can taint 
infusions.   

Decoctions: these are prepared by boiling the herb with water. 

Extracts and tinctures: extracts are generally prepared with 
hydro alcoholic solvents with high percentage of alcohol.   

Flower waters: flower waters are made in the same way as 
infusions. the same proportions of herbs and water can be 
used 18,19. 

Raw materials generally used in herbal 
cosmetics  

Oils, Waxes, Gums, Hydrophillic Colloids, Colours, Perfumes, 
Protective Agents, Bleaching Agents, Preservatives, 
Antioxidants And Other Auxillary Agents20, 21. 

1. Oils: Oils are derived from vegetable and mineral sources, 
and are used in cosmetics. Examples of vegetable oils are 
almond oil, arches oil, castor oil, olive oil and coconut oil. 
Examples of mineral oils are light and heavy paraffin.  

a) Almond Oil: It is a fixed oil obtained by expressing the seeds 
of Prunes amygdalus, Family Rosaceae, The oil is pale yellow 
in colour, with a characteristic odour. The active principles are 
mainly the mixture of glycoside with oleic acid, linoleic acid, 
myristic and palmitic acid. It has an emollient action, so it is 
used in the preparation of creams and lotions.  

b) Arachis Oil: This is also a fixed oil obtained from the seeds 
of the Aarchishypogea belonging to the family Leguminoseae. 
The oil is pale yellow in colour, with a faint nutty odour. 
Refined groundnut oil is colourless, with active principles like 
oleic. Linoleic acid and asmall amount of other acids. At 3°C, it 
is cloudy, at a lower temperature, it solidifies. It is used in the 
preparation of hair oils and brilliantines.  

c) Castor Oil: Oil is obtained from the seeds 
ofRicinuscommunis belonging to the family, Euphorbiaceae. It 
has a slight odour; the oil is either yellow in colour or 
colourless. It consists of a mixture of glycosides, in which 80% 
of ricinoleic acid is the major constituent. At 0° C it forms a 
clear liquid. It is used as an emollient, in the preparation of 
lipsticks, hair oils, creams and lotions.  

d) Olive Oil: This oil is obtained from the fruit of the 
Oleaeuropea, belonging to the family, Oleaceae. The oil is 
either pale yellow or greenish yellow in colour, it has a slight 
odour. It consists of the glycerides of oleic acid, palmitic, 
linoleic, stearic and myristic acids. At a lower temperature, it is 
solid or partly solid. It has emollient, soothing properties. It is 
used in the manufacturing of creams, lotions and bath oils 22. 

e) Coconut Oil: This oil is obtained from the dried solid part of 
the endosperm of the coconut - Cocosnucifera, family Palmea. 
It is a white or pearl-white unctuous mass in winter and 
colourless in summer.  

f) Light liquid paraffin: It consists of a mixture of 
hydrocarbons in the form of an oily liquid which has no colour 
or odour. Viscosity and weight per ml (0.83-0.87g) are both 
low in light liquid paraffin. It is used in the manufacture of 
bath oils, hair oils, brilliantines, lotions and creams, due to its 
better spreadibility.  

i) Heavy liquid paraffin: It is composed of a mixture of 
hydrocarbons in the form of a colourless and odourless oily 
liquid. Due to its soothing effect on the skin, it is used in 
creams, lotions, brilliantines, hair oils and bath oils. Heavy 
liquid paraffin is obtained from petroleum.  

2. Waxes: Waxes are the esters resulting from the 
condensation of high molecular straight chain fatty acids with 
high molecular straight chain monohydric alcohol of the 
methanol series. They are used in cosmetics as a base, along 
with oils and fats. Example: lipsticks. Commonly used waxes 
are briefly discussed below.  

a) Beeswax: It is a purified wax separated from the 
honeycomb of bees, Apismellifera which belong to the Family, 
Apidae. Beeswax is composed of 70% ester myricylpalmitate. 
It is yellowish brown in colour, solid, with a honey-like odour. 
Under cold conditions it becomes brittle; when bleached, it 
becomes yellowish-white solid with a faint characteristic 
odour. The melting point of beeswax is 62°C-65°C. Beeswax 
helps in the incorporation of water to form an emulsion.  

b) Carnauba Wax: This is obtained from the leaves of the 
Brazilian wax palm, Copernicacerifera, which belongs to the 
Palmae family. Carnauba wax is available in various grades. 
The highest grade is light-brown to pale-yellow in colour. It is 
in the form of moderately coarse powder or flakes, with a 
characteristic bland odour. The melting range of this wax is 
81°C -86°C. It is a hard wax and is used in the manufacture of 
candles, wax varnishes, leather and furniture polishes.  

c) Paraffin Wax: It is derived by the distillation of petroleum. It 
is a mixture of solid hydrocarbons consisting mainly of n-
paraffins and, to some extent, their isomers. So, it also called 
hard paraffin wax. Physically, the paraffin wax is colourless, 
odourless or a white, translucent, wax-like solid, which is 
slightly greasy to touch. Paraffin wax melts at 50°C57°C.  

d) Spermaceti: It is a solid wax obtained from the head, 
blubber and ear case of the sperm whole, Physestercolodon, 
which belongs to the Physeteridae family. It consists mainly of 
cetylpalmitate and cetyimyristate spermaceti in a solid wax, 
which is a translucent crystalline, pearly-white, unctuous mass 
with little odour and taste. It melts at a specific gravity of 
about 0.94. Spermaceti is also available synthetically and is 
composed of a mixture of esters of saturated fatty alcohols and 
saturated fatty acids. Synthetic spermaceti is available as 
white to off-white translucent flakes with a crystalline 
structure and a pearly lustre. The melting range of synthetic 
spermaceti is 43°C-47°C.  

3. Colours:  

Colours have been used in cosmetics, since time immemorial, 
by human beings. Basically, the desire to buy a cosmetic 
product is controlled by three senses, namely, sight, touch and 
smell. So color is one of the most important ingredients of 
cosmetic formulations. Color is a visual sensation which can be 
caused by a definite wavelength or a group of wavelengths by 
an object through one or more of the following phenomena - 
emission, refection, refraction or transmission. Natural colours 
such as cochineal, saffron and chlorophyll are discussed in 
brief here. 23 

a) Cochineal: Cochineal is a red dyestuff derived from the 
dried female insect, Dactilopiuscoccus, which belongs to the 
Coccidae family. Carminic acid is the main colouring 
constituent in cochineal. On crystallization, carminic acid 
forms red needles and at 130°C, the needles darken and also 
carbonize at 250°C. For the preparation of caramine, the 
cochineal is extracted with water. Alum is added to this 
solution to precipitate the red aluminium salt called carmine 
lake. 

b) Saffron: It consists of the stigmas and tops of the styles of 
the plant, Crocus sativa, which belongs to the Iridaceae family. 
It is a perennial plant grown in Jammu and Kashmir in India. 
Saffron powder is yellowish and is easily soluble in water, so it 
is used as aflavouring and colouring agent in food 



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preparations. Saffron contains a number of carotenoids - 
crocin is an important natural saffron carotenoid. Picrocrocin 
is a colorless bitter glycoside responsible for saffron's 
characteristic odour.  

c) Chlorophyll: It is the natural green pigment, found 
abundantly in nature. It is the component that is responsible 
for photosynthesis.  

d) Rose: It is obtained by the steam distillation process from 
the flower petals of Rosmarinas officinalis which belongs to 
the Labiatae family. For obtaining rose oil, the blossoms are 
collected before they open, a little before sunrise. 

e) Jasmine Essential Oil: Obtained from the flowers of 
Jasminum grandiflorum which belongs to the Oleaceae family, 
the oil is obtained by the solvent extraction method and its 
essence is used in the perfumery industry.  

f) Lavender: It is obtained from the flowers and stalk of 
lavandula officinals which belongs to the Labiatae family.  

g) Tuberose: The nickname of the tuberose is "mistress of the 
night". The oil is a brown, viscous liquid with a sweet, heavy 
and sensuous scent.  

h) Geranium: This oil is obtained from the flowers, leaves and 
stalks of the Pelargonium graveolens, which belongs to the 
Geranigceae family. Its essence is obtained by the distillation 
process, from the flowers and stems of the plant. The 
geranium is known as geranium bourbon.  

i) Champa: It is obtained from the flowers of the 
Micheliachampaka.'Yhecolour of the flower is yellow to deep 
orange.  

j) Cinnamon: Cinnamon oil is obtained from the different parts 
of the cinnamon tree - its leaves, bark and roots. Cinnamon 
zeylanicum belongs to the family, Lauraceae. The oil obtained 
from the bark is most valuable. The oil has a warm, spicy and 
sweet character.  

k) Neroli: It is an essential oil obtained through the distillation 
process from the flower of the bitter orange tree. It can be 
stored in amber-coloured bottles in the refrigerator.  

l) Clove: It contains essential oils, obtained from the buds of 
the Eugincacarryophylus, which belongs to the family, 
Myrataceae.  

m) Ambrette: Ambrette seeds contain oil; it can be obtained by 
using the expression method. The oil is rich; it is sweet, floral 
and musky in nature. The oil can be used as an anti-aging 
agent.  

n) Sandalwood: It is obtained by the steam distillation process 
from the hard wood of Santalurn album belonging the family, 
Sundalaceae. In most perfumes, it is used as a fixative agent. 

4. Protective Agents: In the formulation of creams, silicones 
act as protective agents; a combination of silicones with other 
barrier agents like petroleum jelly beeswax, paraffin etc can 
produce excellent barrier creams.  

a) Bleaching Agents The most commonly used bleaching 
agents are given below. Mercury Compounds: Mercuric 
chloride (Hgcl), red mercuric oxide (HgO) and ammoniated 
mercury are examples of mercury compounds that can be 
used, for their skin bleaching effects. Currently, the use of 
mercury compounds is prohibited in cosmetics.  

b) Hydroquinones: They are mostly used as bleaching agents 
for temporarily lighting skin at a concentration of 1.5%-2%. In 
the case of 5% concentration, redness and burning may be 
produced. Reverse action of hydroquinones takes place on 
exposure to sunlight. If the cosmetics containing 

hydroquinone are discontinued, then too, a similar effect can 
be observed.  

c) Catechol and its derivatives: Catechol exhibits skin lighting 
effect to an extent. 4- Isopropy catechol has been found to be 
among the most potent de-pigmenting agents. They can 
produce irritation and a sensitization reaction at 
concentrations of 3% or more.  

d) Ascorbic Acid and its derivatives: Ascorbic acid does not 
seem to be very effective as a de-pigmenting agent, but its use 
has been found to be safe. It is mostly used in skin bleaching 
creams, which contain hydroquinone as a stabilizer 
(antioxidant). Ascorbyloleate used in skin bleaching cream for 
bleaching freckles in human skin is used at a concentration of 
3% and 5%. 

5. Oxidizing Agents: Hydrogen peroxide has been used as an 
oxidizing agent in skin bleach creams. Sometimes, zinc 
peroxide is also used in anhydrous ointments such as 
bleaching agents, although the properties of zinc peroxide 
have been not proved.  

6. Opaque Covering Agents: Various cosmetic products which 
contain white or pale pigments like titanium dioxide, zinc 
oxide, talc, kaolin, bismuth etc. can provide a temporary but 
remarkable change in the colour of the skin.  

7. Preservatives: These are the agents who are used to prevent 
spoilage of cosmetic products. They are products of the 
oxidation of oils and fats and also the growth of 
microorganisms. Most cosmetic preparations, especially those 
containing water are likely to deteriorate if preservatives are 
not added.  Properties of preservatives 

 An ideal preservative must possess the following attributes;  

1. It should be compatible with the formulation.  

2. Soluble to the extent needed to achieve an effective 
concentration.  

3. Stable enough to provide a sustained antimicrobial effect.  

4. Colourless and odourless or nearly so.  

5. Non-irritant and non allergic in the concentrations used.  

Examples   

Organic acids: Benzoic acid, Formic acid 

Alcohols: Ethyl alcohol, Isopropyl alcohol 

Aldehydes: Formaldehyde, Cinnamic aldehyde 

Phenolics: Cresol, Phenol 

Esters: Methyl p-hydroxy benzoate, Ethyl p-hydroxy benzoate 

Mercury: Thiomersol, Nitromersol 

Surface active agents:Benzalkonium chloride, Cetylpyridinium 
chloride 

Miscellaneous compounds: Ethyl Vanillin and Vanillin 

8. Antioxidants:  

Natural antioxidants like tocopherols present in fats and oils 
are destroyed during therefining process. Hence, the addition 
of antioxidants is essential to avoid the rancidity of fats and 
oils in cosmetics due to oxidative deterioration.  

Some of the common antioxidants used in cosmetic 
preparation are.   

Amines: Purins and lecithin 

Phenols: Gallic acid, Methyl gallate 



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Quinones:Tocopherols, Hydroxychromans 

Esters: Di-lauryl thiopropionate 

Organic acids: Ascorbic acid 

Alcohols: Sorbitol and Mannitol 24. 

Herbs used in cosmetics/cosmeceuticals  

There are numerous herbs available naturally having different 
uses in cosmetic preparations for skincare, hair care and as 
antioxidants, Perfumes as follows.  

1. Skin care  

➢ Coconut oil: Coconut oil is excellent as a skin moisturizer 
and softener. Coconut oil is derived from the fruit or seed of 
the coconut palm tree Cocos nucifera, family Arecaceae which 
contains about 60- 65% of the oil. Coconut oil contains a high 
amount of glycerides of lower chain fatty acids. The melting 
point of coconut oil is 24 to 25°C (75-76ºF) and thus can be 
used easily in liquid or solid forms and is often used in cooking 
and baking.  

➢ Olive oil: This oil is a fixed oil extracted from the fruits of 
olea europaea, family oleaceae. The major constituents are 
triolein, tripalmitin, trilinolein, tristearate, monosterate, 
triarachidin, squalene, βsitosterol and tocopherol. It is used as 
skin and hair conditioner in cosmetics like lotions, shampoos 
etc. It is a potent fatty acid penetration enhancer.  

➢ Aloe vera: Aloe vera is an herbal plant species belonging to 
family liliaceae. It is an ingredient in many cosmetics because 
it heals, moisturizes, and softens skin. Simply cut one of the 
aloe vera leaves to extract the soothing gel 6. Aloe vera 
contains amino acids like leucine, isoleucine, saponin 
glycosides that provide cleansing action, vitamins A,C,E,B, 
choline, B12 and folic acid and provide antioxidant activity.  

➢ Green tea: The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) has been 
cultivated in Asia for thousands of years 15.  The 4 major 
polyphenolic catechins present in green tea leaves are (2)-
epicatechin (EC), EGC, (2)-EC-3-gallate, and EGCG, which is the 
most abundant. It was found that green tea extracts or an 
individual green tea polyphenol (GTPP), especially 
epigallocatechin (EGC)-3-gallate (EGCG), inhibited two-stage 
chemical carcinogenesis (eg, induced by 7,12-di-
methylbenz(a)anthracene [DMBA] and 12-O-
tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate [TPA]), and 
photocarcinogenesis (induced by UVB).  

➢ Calendula: Calendula officinalis is reported to have a 
remarkable antioxidant activity, anti- inflammatory activity 
and wound healing activity. A previous study demonstrated 
that the essential oil  of Calendula consists mainly of α-thujene, 
α-pinene, 1,8-Cineole, dihydrotagetone and T-muurolol 25. 

➢ Turmeric: It is a deep yellow-to-orange powder that comes 
reduce the number of ultraviolet B (UVB)- induced sunburn. It 
is skin protecting agent as well as antiseptic in nature.  

➢ Multani mitts (Fullers earth): It is Mother Nature’s own 
baby powder. Clay was one of the earliest substance to be used 
as a beauty mask to draw oils from the skin, natural 
moisturizers for hairs, teeth, gums, and hairs, toremove 
pimple marks, treatment on sunburn, helps unclog pores, to 
cleans the skin of flakes and dirt.  

➢ Oat (Avena sativa): Oat oil is rich in antioxidants and 
natural emollient property. It also use in many lotions, creams 
and facial oils.  

➢ Chandan: It was used as scrubs and face packs that were 
applied on face to remove dead cells. Regenerate growth of 

new cells and gives a young look. It also use as detanning 
agent in sunburn treatment.  

➢Jojoba oil: It is a mixture of long chain, linear liquid wax 
esters extracted from the seeds of the desert shrub 
Simmondsia chinenesis, and belonging to the Family 
Simmondsiaceae. Jojoba oil is easily refined to remove any 
odour, colour it is oxidatively stable, and is often used in 
cosmetics as a moisturizer and as carrier oil for exotic 
fragrances 26. 

➢Rhodiola rosea: It is commonly known as golden root, 
roseroot, Aaron's rod, arctic root, king's crown, Lignum 
rhodium, belonging to the family crassulaceae. Traditional folk 
medicine used R. rosea to increase physical endurance, work 
productivity, longevity, resistance to high altitude sickness, 
and to treat fatigue, depression, anemia, impotence, 
gastrointestinal ailments, infections, and nervous system 
disorders 27. 

➢Carrot: It is obtained from the plant Daucus carota 
belonging to the Family Apiaceae. It is a valuable herb since 
ages as due to its richness in Vitamin A along with other 
essential vitamins. Carrot seed oil is used as anti-aging, 
revitalizing and rejuvenating agent. The carrot gets its 
characteristic and bright orange colour from β-carotene, and 
lesser amounts of α-carotene and Γ-carotene. α and β-
carotenes are partly metabolized into vitamin A in humans 28. 

2. Hair care 

Ayurveda has numerous natural medications in dandruff 
treatment wherein the most common herbs include Neem, 
Kapoor (naphthalene), and Henna, Hirda, Behada, and 
Amalaki, Magic nut, Bringaraj, Rosary pea, sweet Flag, 
cashmere tree and Mandor.  

➢ Henna: Henna comes from the plant Lawsonia inermis 
family Lythraceae, which contain a dye molecule called 
Lawsone, which when processed produces Henna powder. 
Besides lawsone other constituents present are gallic acid, 
glucose, mannitol, fats, resin (2%), mucilage and traces of an 
alkaloid. Leaves yield hennatannic acid and an olive oil green 
resin, soluble in ether and alcohol. Lawsone edible fruit. It is 
highly praised both for its high vitamin C content and for the 
precious oil, which is extracted from its seeds and pulp and 
used as a treatment for hair and scalp problems. It is used in 
eye syndromes, hair loss, and children ailments etc.  

➢ Shikakai: Acacia concinna Linn. (Leguminosae) is a 
medicinal plant that grows in tropical rainforests of southern 
Asia. The fruits of this plant are used for washing hair, for 
improving hair growth, as an expectorant, emetic, and 
purgative. The powder of Acacia Concinna Linn shows the 
presence of saponins, alkaloid, sugar, tannin, flavanoids, 
anthraquinone glycosides.  

➢ Amla: Amla is the fruit of a small leafy tree (Emblica 
officinalis), which grows throughout India and yields an 
characteristics. There are mainly four species of roses for oil 
production. These are Rosa damascena Mill., R. gallica L., R. 
moschata Herrm. and R. centifolia L. Rose oil and rose water 
have many therapeutic effects. Rose oil helps soothe the mind 
and heals depression, grief, nervous stress and tension. It also 
helps to heal wound and skin health.  

➢ Hibiscus: A Red colour obtained from the extract of 
Hibiscus sabdariffa family Malvaceae. Hibiscus consist of 
calcium, phosphorus, iron Vitamin B1 used to stimulate 
thicker hair growth and prevent premature greying of hair.  



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➢ Walnut: Juglance regia family Juglandaceae, leaves are used 
in traditional medicine for external applications such as 
eczema, loss of hair, scalp itching, peeling and dandruff.  

➢Neem: Neem or Margosa is a botanical relative of mahogany. 
It is belonging to the Family Meliaceae. The common 
treatment for the dandruff is neem as it produces antifungal, 
antibacterial, pain-relieving, and anti- compounds that would 
treat dandruff 31. 

3. Antioxidants  

➢ Tamarind: Tamarind or Tamarindus indica L. of the 
Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinioideae consists of amino acids, 
fatty acids and minerals of tamarind plant parts. The most 
distinguished characteristic of tamarind is its sweet acidic 
taste due to tartaric acid. Besides being a rich source of sugars, 
tamarind fruit is also an excellent source of vitamin B and 
contain minerals, exhibit high antioxidant capacity that appear 
to be associated with a high phenolic content, and thus can be 
an important food source.  

➢Carrot: It is obtained from the plant Daucus carota 
belonging to the Family Apiaceae. It is a valuable herb since 
ages as due to its richness in Vitamin A along with other 
essential vitamins. Carrot seed oil is used as anti-aging, 
revitalizing and rejuvenating agent. The carrot gets its 
characteristic and bright orange colour from β-carotene, and 
lesser amounts of α-carotene and Γ-carotene. α and β-
carotenes are partly metabolized into vitamin A in humans 28. 

➢ Vitamin C: Vitamin C is necessary for the hydroxylation of 
proline, procollagen, and lysine. Vitamin C improves the 
changes caused by photo damage. Vitamin C has been used 
effectively to stimulate collagen repair, thus removing some of 
the effects of photo-aging on skin.  

➢ Vitamin E: (Alpha-tocopherol) is the major lipophilic 
antioxidant in plasma membranes and tissues. The term 
vitamin E collectively refers to 30 naturally occurring 
molecules (4 tocopherols and 4 tocotrienols), all of which 
exhibit vitamin E activity. Its major role is generally 
considered to be the arrest of chain propagation and lipid 
peroxidation by scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals, hence 
protecting the cell membrane from destruction.  

4. Essential oils  

➢ Rose oil: Roses are widely referred to as the world’s 
favorite flower in part due to their vast diversity in plant 
habitat and floral characteristics. There are mainly four 
species of roses for oil production. These are Rosa damascena 
Mill., R. gallica L., R. moschata Herrm. and R. centifolia L. Rose 
oil and rose water have many therapeutic effects. Rose oil 
helps soothe the mind and heals depression, grief, nervous 
stress and tension. It also helps to heal wound and skin health.  

➢ Eucalyptus oil: There are around 700 different species of 
Eucalyptus in the world, of which at least 500 produce a type 
of essential oil. It is produced by steam distillation from the 
leaves of Eucalyptus species (E. cinerea F. Muell., E. baueriana 
F. Muell., E. smithii R. T. Baker, E. bridgesiana R. T. Baker, E. 
microtheca F. Muell., E. foecunda Schau., E. pulverulenta Sims, 
E. propinqua Deane and Maiden, E. erythrocorys F. Muell.) etc. 
They are widely used in the preparation of liniments, 
inhalants, cough syrups, ointments, toothpaste and also as 
pharmaceutical flavors.  

5. Oral care  

➢ Meswak (Salvadora persica): Chewing stick have been 
widely used in the Indian subcontinent, Meswak, a derivative 
from Arak tree, is used by many people in different cultures as 
a traditional toothbrush for oral hygiene. It is suitable for 

cleansing teeth, comparatively cheap, it’s also found its way 
into the dentifrices in the recent years as antiplaque and 
antigingivitis agent. It is believed that chewing on these stem 
facilitate salivary secretions which possibly help in oral 
cleaning and plaque.  

➢ Red Clover (Trifolium pratense): Red clover mouthwash is 
healing for irritated and diseased gums. After making red 
clover tea, prepare an ointment from the strained blossoms 
and leaves. Rub the ointment, which has antibiotic properties, 
on gums that are abcessed from sore or root canal therapy or 
other dental procedure.  

➢ Peppermint Oil: Peppermint contain menthol as a volatile 
oil, methyl acetate, tannic acid, and Vitamin C. Pepperm  bint 
oil is used to relieve toothache by soaking a cotton ball in the 
oil and placing it in cavity or rubbing it on the tooth. 
Peppermint mouthwash can be used to relieve gum 
inflammation.  

 

Applications of herbal products in cosmetics 

Herbal Skin Care Products: Lavender Silk Soaps, Lotions 
creams, Body powder,Lavender Herbal body powder, Skin 
Care Creams 32-35. 

Herbal Hair Care Cosmetics: Henna (LawsoniaInermis), 
Amla (EmblicaOfficinalis), Shikakai (Acacia Concinna), Brahmi 
(BacopaMonnieri), Bhringraj (Eclipta Alba), Guar Gum 
(Cyamopsistetragonolobus.  

 Herbal Lip Care Cosmetics: Herbal Lipsticks, Herbal Lip 
Gloss, Herbal Lip Balm, Herbal Lip plumper 

Herbal Eye Care Cosmetics: Eye Make Up, EyeShadows, Eye 
Gloss, Liquid Eye Liners  

Creams: Aloe Moisturizing Hand Cream, Rich Face and Hand 
Cream, Herbal Moisturizers   

Herbal Oils: Herbal oils are Effective for Baldness, Falling of 
Hair, Thinning of Hair, Dandruff, and Irritation & Itching of 
Scalp, Patchy Baldness, and Maintenance of fine head of Hair   

Herbal Perfumes &fragrances: Citrus Fragrance: The light, 
fresh character of citrus notes (bergamot, orange, lemon, 
petitgrain, mandarin etc.) is often combined with more 
feminine scents (flowers, fruits and chypre).   

Chypre Fragrance: Based on a woody, mossy and flowery 
complex, sometimes with aspects. Chypre fragrances smell 
slightly dry, not very sweet 35-40. 

Results and Discussion 

In this study prove effective and safe, when used as a 
moisturizer with absence of adverse reaction. The herbal 
plants like coconut oil, sunflower oil, jojoba oil, olive oil, aloe 
vera. Coconut oil is excellent as a skin moisturizer and 
softener. A study shows that extra virgin coconut oil is 
effective and safe when used as a moisturizer, with absence of 
adverse reactions. A study found that coconut oil helped 
prevent protein loss from the wet combing of hair when used 
for fourteen hours. Human sebum and jojoba oil are virtually 
identical. Sebum protects and moisturizes the skin and hair 
but is stripped away by chemicals, pollutants, sun and the 
aging process, resulting in dry skin and hair. Jojoba oil 
replenishes what skin and hair loss and restores them to their 
natural pH balance. Carrot seed oil is used as antiaging, 
revitalizing and rejuvenating agent. 

Herbs are rich in vitamins, they have anti-aging, revitalizing 
and rejuvenating agent. The herbs like Rhodiola rosea, carrot, 



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and gingko. R. rosea is rich in phenolic compounds, known to 
have strong antioxidant properties. 

Herbs produce anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and pain relieving 
that can treat dandruff, Henna, neem. Lawsone isolated from 
the leaves of L.inermis has shown significant antifungal, 
antibiotic effect. The common treatment for the dandruff is 
neem as it produces antifungal, antibacterial, pain-relieving, 
and anti- compounds that would treat dandruff.  

The plants produce anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, anti-
oxidant, insect repellent, help in wound healing and skin 
protection. Green tea, calendula, turmeric, shikakai, rose oil. It 
was found that green tea extracts or an individual green tea 
polyphenol (GTPP), especially epigallo catechin (EGC)-3-
gallate (EGCG), inhibited two-stage chemical carcinogenesis 
(e.g., induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene [DMBA] 
and 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol 13- acetate [TPA]), and photo 
carcinogenesis (induced by UVB). Rose oil helps soothe the 
mind and heals depression, grief, nervous stress and tension. 
It also helps to heal wound and skin health.  

Herbs have vitamins and other constituents. They provide 
nutrition to hair and also cause darkening of hair. Amla, 
eucalyptus oil. Antioxidant: Different vitamins like vitamin B 
and vitamin C which provide antioxidant and photo aging on 
the skin. Tamarind, vitamin C, vitamin E. Vitamin C has been 
used effectively to stimulate collagen repair, thus removing 
some of the effects of photo-aging on skin. Vitamin E is 
generally considered to be the arrest of chain propagation and 
lipid per oxidation by scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals, hence 
protecting the cell membrane from destruction. 

Conclusion  

There are numerous herbs available naturally having different 
uses in cosmetic preparations for skincare, hair care and as 
antioxidants. The current review highlights importance of 
herbal cosmetics, the herbs used in them and their advantages 
over the synthetic counterparts. Herbal cosmetics are the 
preparations containing phytochemical from a variety of 
botanical sources, which influences the functions of skin and 
provide nutrients necessary for the healthy skin or hair. There 
is common belief that chemical based cosmetics are harmful to 
the skin which increase the awareness among consumers for 
herbal products. Herbal cosmetics are prepared, using one or 
more herbal ingredients to treat different skin ailments and 
for the beautification. The Cosmeceuticals are the agent that 
protects skin and gives nourishment to the skin which may 
produce from the herbal drug which are stated in present 
review. The cosmetic products are the best option to reduce 
skin problems such as hyper pigmentation, skin wrinkling, 
skin ageing and rough skin texture etc. The demand of herbal 
cosmetic is rapidly expanding. Hence the herbal cosmetics 
have the most advantageous over the synthetic cosmeceuticals 
due to its effectiveness. The present study revealed that herbal 
cosmetics are very safe and does not produce any toxic and 
adverse reactions compare to marketed cosmetics products. 
We suggest that, we use herbal cosmetics in future, we will 
avoid skin problems. 

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