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Available online at ajdhs.com 

Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 
Open Access to Dental and Medical Research 

Copyright  © 2023 The  Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the 

original author and source are credited 
 

 

 

Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Rosa indica Linn  

Divya Nagar*, Vivekanand Katare, Shreeram Sen, Abhilasha Delouri, Shivam Nema 

Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Shikandrabad, Bhopal, MP, 462044, India 

Article Info: 
_______________________________________ 
Article History: 
Received 13 Dec 2022      
Reviewed  16 Jan 2023 
Accepted 23 Jan 2023 
Published 15 March 2023 

_______________________________________ 
Cite this article as:  

Nagar D, Katare V, Sen S, Delouri A, Nema S, 
Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Rosa indica 
Linn , Asian Journal of Dental and Health 
Sciences. 2023; 3(1):5-7 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v3i1.34     

_______________________________________
*Address for Correspondence:   

Divya Nagar, Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, 
Shikandrabad, Bhopal, MP, 462044, India 

Abstract 
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Plants have served human beings as a natural source for treatments and therapies from ancient times, 
amongst them medicinal herbs have gain attention because of its wide use and less side effects. In the 
recent years plant research has increased throughout the world and a huge amount of evidences have 
been collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems. Rosa 
indica symbol of godness and beauty known for various healing power, has astringent, sedative, anti-
inflammatory and antidepressant qualities. The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro 
antioxidant activities of leaves of Rosa indica. The in vitro antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of 
the leave part was assessed against DPPH free radical scavenging assay methods using standard 
protocols. The activities of methanolic leave part extract against DPPH assay method were 
concentration dependent with IC 50 values of ascorbic acid and extracts 24.34 and 62.66μg/ml 
respectively. The diverse array of phytochemicals present in the plant thus suggests its therapeutic 
potentials which may be explored in drug manufacturing industry as well as in traditional medicine. 

Keywords: Antioxidant activity, Rosa indica, DPPH assay method, Methanolic extract 

Mail id: dnagar217@gmail.com 

INTRODUCTION 

Indian medicinal plants are considered a vast source of several 
pharmacologically active principles and compounds, which are 
commonly used in home remedies against multiple ailments1. 
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules 
which may be both important mediators of some physiological 
functions and also potential prooxidants. Imbalance between 
ROS generation and antioxidant capacity induces a condition 
known as oxidative stress which may play a major role in the 
initiation and progression of numerous pathologies including 
cardiovascular dysfunction associated with vascular disease, 
hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and 
ischemia/reperfusion injury. The potential damage caused by 
an excess of ROS is controlled by a series of antioxidant 
defence mechanisms and among them, a key protective role is 
played by the antioxidant enzymes gluthatione (GSH) 
peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH reductase2. 
Several herbal secondary metabolites such as flavonoid have 
been found to protect cells from oxidative damage3. These 
compounds have been evidenced to stabilize RBC membrane 
by scavenging free radicals and reducing lipid peroxidation4,5. 
Rosa indica belongs to family Rosaceae is an erect or climbing 
shrubs, deciduous or evergreen and have a wide range of 
biological activities, multiple health issues like intestinal 
diseases, as inflammatory agents and as well as for: diarrhoea, 
constipation, gallstones, gallbladder ailments, lower urinary 
tract, kidney disorders, fluid retention (dropsy or oedema), 
gout, back and leg pain (sciatica), high cholesterol, weight loss, 
high blood pressure, fever, increasing immune function during 
exhaustion, increasing blood flow in the limbs increasing urine 
flow and quenching thirst6. The present study was focused to 

evaluate the anti oxidant activity of leaves of Rosa indica by 
using DPPH free radical scavenging assay methods. 

MATERIALS AND METHODS 

Plant material 

The leaves of plant Rosa indica were collected from local area 
of Bhopal (M.P), India. Chemical reagents 

All the chemicals used in this study were obtained from Hi 
Media Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India), Sigma Aldrich 
Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, WI, USA), SD Fine-Chem. Ltd. 
(Mumbai, India) and SRL Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India).All the 
chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade. 

Extraction of plant material 

Cold maceration method 

Leaves of Rosa indica were collected, washed and rinsed 
properly. They were dried in shade and powdered 
mechanically. About 200gm of the leaves powder was 
macerated with petroleum ether and methanol and stored for 
72 hours in ice cold condition for the extraction of 
phytochemicals. At the end of the third day extract was filtered 
using whatman No. 1 filter paper to remove all un-extractable 
matter, including cellular materials and other constitutions 
that are insoluble in the extraction solvent. The entire extract 
was concentrated to dryness using rotary flash evaporator 
under reduced pressure and stored in an air tight container 
free from any contamination until it was used. Finally the 
percentage yields were calculated of the dried extracts7.  

 

                       Open Access                                                                                                                                                                                                         Research Article                                                                           

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http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v3i1.34


Nagar et al                                                                                                                                         Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2023; 3(1):5-7 

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DPPH free radical scavenging assay 

DPPH scavenging activity was measured by modified method8. 
DPPH scavenging activity was measured by the 
spectrophotometer. Stock solution (6 mg in 100ml methanol) 
was prepared such that 1.5 ml of it in 1.5 ml of methanol gave 
an initial absorbance. Decrease in the absorbance in presence 
of sample extract at different concentration (20-100µg/ml) 
was noted after 15 minutes. 1.5 ml of DPPH solution was taken 
and volume made till 3 ml with methanol, absorbance was 
taken immediately at 517 nm for control reading. 1.5 ml of 
DPPH and 1.5 ml of the test sample of different concentration 
were put in a series of volumetric flasks and final volume was 
adjusted to 3 ml with methanol. Three test samples were 
taken and each processed similarly. Finally the mean was 
taken. Absorbance at zero time was taken for each 
concentration. Final decrease in absorbance was noted of 
DPPH with the sample at different concentration after 15 
minutes at 517 nm. The percentage inhibition of free radical 
DPPH was calculated from the following equation: % 

inhibition = [(absorbance of control - absorbance of 
sample)/absorbance of control] × 100%. Though the activity is 
expressed as 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), IC50 was 
calculated based on the percentage of DPPH radicals 
scavenged. The lower the IC50 value, the higher is the 
antioxidant activity. 

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 

The crude extracts so obtained after cold maceration 
extraction process were concentrated on water bath by 
evaporation the solvents completely to obtain the actual yield 
of extraction. The percentage yield of extraction is very 
important in phytochemical extraction in order to evaluate the 
standard extraction efficiency for a particular plant, different 
parts of same plant or different solvents used. The yield of 
extracts obtained from the leaves of the plants using 
petroleum ether and methanol as solvents are depicted in the 
Table 1.  

 

Table 1: Results of percentage yield of leaves extracts  

S. No. Solvent Colour of extract Weight of plant 
material (gm) 

Weight of extract 
(gm) 

% yield 

1. Petroleum ether Dark green 100.21 0.425 0.424 

2. Methanol Dark green 96.17 4.08 4.24 

 

Antioxidant activity of the samples was calculated through 
DPPH assay. % inhibition was calculated as an indicative of 
antioxidant potency. The higher the % inhibition the better the 
activity. Ascorbic acid was taken as standard and the values 

were comparable with concentration ranging from 20µg/ml to 
100µg/ml. A dose dependent activity with respect to 
concentration was observed Table 2 & Figure 1, 2.  

 

Table 2: % Inhibition of ascorbic acid and methanolic extract using DPPH method 

 

 

Figure 1: DPPH radical scavenging activity of Ascorbic acid 

y = 0.5765x + 35.967 
R² = 0.9929 

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0 20 40 60 80 100 120

S. No. Concentration 

(µg/ml) 

% Inhibition 

Ascorbic acid Methanolic extract 

1 20 46.97 43.2900433 

2 40 58.12 53.1385281 

3 60 72.12 65.4761905 

4 80 83.74 72.9437229 

5 100 91.81 84.7402597 

IC 50 24.34 62.66 



Nagar et al                                                                                                                                         Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2023; 3(1):5-7 

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Figure 2: DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract 

 

CONCLUSION 

It can be concluded that from present investigation the 
observed level of phytoconstituents revealed that Rosa indica 
is a rich source of antioxidant compounds proved by in vitro 
studies. Currently available synthetic antioxidants are 
suspected to cause or prompt negative health effects, hence 
strong restrictions have been placed on their application and 
there is a trend to substitute them with naturally occurring 
antioxidants. Further phytochemical studies are also required 
to isolate and characterize active ingredients that are 
responsible for its in vivo antioxidant activity and to explore 
the existence of synergism if any, among the compounds. 

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https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3919

 

 

 

 

 

 

y = 1.0669x 

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Linear (Series1)

https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010172v
https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0013-5
https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3919

