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Available online at ajdhs.com 

Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 
Open Access to Dental and Medical Research 

Copyright  © 2023 The  Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the 

original author and source are credited  

 

 

Leaflet media as an effort to increase knowledge of dental health 
maintenance in elementary school students 

Emini1, Lola Amalia2, Tedi Purnama3* 

1,2,3 Department of Dental Health, Health polytechnic Jakarta I, Jakarta, Indonesia 

Article Info: 
___________________________________________ 
Article History: 

Received    29 March 2022      
Reviewed  12 May 2023 
Accepted   28 May 2023 
Published 15 June 2023 

___________________________________________ 
Cite this article as:  

Emini, Amalia L, Purnama T, Leaflet media as an 
effort to increase knowledge of dental health 
maintenance in elementary school students, 
Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 
2023; 3(2):23-25 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v3i2.44       

_______________________________________
*Address for Correspondence:   

Tedi Purnama, Department of Dental Health, 
Health polytechnic Jakarta I, Jakarta, Indonesia 

Abstract 
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Knowledge can be increased through health promotion. In terms of the age at which children are 
susceptible to disease, counseling is especially aimed at groups prone to dental and oral health 
problems, namely elementary school-aged children. Leaflet media is the right media to increase the 
knowledge of fourth grade students where students can already read. This study aims to analyze the 
effectiveness of dental and oral health maintenance knowledge before and after being given counseling 
using leaflet media to class IV students at SDN Sawangan 07 Depok in 2022. The research design used 
was quasi-experimental. The sampling technique with a total sample of 36 students. Data was collected 
by filling out pre-test and post-test questionnaires given to class IVB students. Data analysis used paired 
sample test. The results of the study before being given counseling about dental health maintenance 
using leaflet media had a good level of knowledge category of 25 people with a percentage of 69%, the 
level of knowledge in the sufficient category was 5 people with a percentage of 14%, and the level of 
knowledge in the poor category was 6 people with a percentage of 17%. The results of the study after 
being given counseling about maintaining dental health with leaflet media, most of the respondents had 
a good level of knowledge, 29 people with a percentage of 81%, the level of knowledge in the sufficient 
category was 7 people with a percentage of 19%, and no students were included in the poor category. 
The results of the paired sample test analysis obtained a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: leaflet media is 
effective in increasing knowledge about maintaining oral health in elementary school students. 

Keywords: Leaflet media, knowledge, dental health, elementary school students 

 

INTRODUCTION  

Dental and oral health is part of overall health. Maintaining 
good and correct dental and oral health will certainly greatly 
support the realization of optimal dental and oral health. 
Dental and oral diseases that affect many children and adults 
are caries or cavities.1–3 Based on data from Basic Health 
Research the prevalence of dental caries in Indonesia is still 
quite high, seen in 2018 the prevalence of dental caries in the 
5-9 years age category reached 54.0% and the 10-14 years age 
group was 41.4%. The population of school children aged 6-12 
years reaches 40-50% of the general community, so dental 
and oral health education efforts to target school children are 
a top priority.4–6 

One of the main factors affecting oral health is behavior. 
Behavior that can affect the development of caries is about 
how to maintain healthy teeth and mouth, so that behavior is 
greatly influenced by knowledge. Behavior that is based on 
correct knowledge will last longer than behavior that is not 
based on knowledge, including knowledge about how to 
maintain proper dental health which will greatly affect the 
incidence of caries.7–9 

Knowledge can be increased through health promotion. In 
terms of the age at which children are susceptible to disease, 
counseling is especially aimed at groups prone to dental and 
oral health problems, namely elementary school-aged 
children. One form of effort to minimize existing morbidity 
rates is preventive action through health promotion activities. 
Counseling is an example of efforts to prevent dental and oral 

health problems, because this activity can increase public 
knowledge and awareness to maintain health and improve 
health status. Dental and oral health promotion is a process of 
providing information that arises on the basis of dental and 
oral health needs that aim to produce good dental and oral 
health and improve living standards. In promoting dental and 
oral health, individuals gain experience or information 
through various media for promoting dental and oral health. 
The media is one thing that needs attention in carrying out 
health promotion.10–12 

The media used in this research is leaflet media. This media 
includes print media in the form of sheets which have the 
function of conveying health information or messages through 
folded sheets. Information content can be in sentences or 
pictures, or a combination. Leaflet sheets are simply folded 
and then given an attractive design and use simple language to 
make it easy for readers to understand. Media leaflets are 
generally placed in public places and are easily visible. This is 
due to the characteristics of the leaflet media which are 
specifically designed to be read quickly by the recipient. 
Research Hadju, shows that there is an influence of counseling 
through the media of leaflets on increasing knowledge of 
dental and oral health with an average pre-test score of 3.91 
and an average post-test score of 6.21 from the results of the 
research he conducted on students – 49 grade V students at SD 
Negeri 18 Mandonga, Kendari City. Another study by 
Nubatonis also proved leaflet media could significantly 
increase the knowledge, attitudes and dental and oral hygiene 
of elementary school students.13–15 

                       Open Access                                                                                                                                                                                                         Research Article                                          

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Emini et al                                                                                                                                    Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2023; 3(2):23-25 

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METHOD AND MATERIAL  

The research design used was a quasi-experimental study with 
a one group pretest-posttest design. The aim of the study was 
to analyze the effectiveness of dental health maintenance 
knowledge before and after counseling using leaflet media for 
fourth grade students at SDN Sawangan 07 Depok. The 
research was conducted in April 2022. 

The sample is the object that is examined and is considered to 
represent the entire population. The sample used is the total 
sampling method, which is a sampling technique where the 
number of samples is the same as the population.16 The 
sample used in this study was 36 students in grade IVB at SDN 
Sawangan 07 Depok. The instruments used in this study were 
informed consent sheets (statements of consent), 
questionnaires (pretest and posttest) to obtain data about 
knowledge of dental and oral health care, and leaflets 
containing material about dental and oral health care. 

The stages of the research were carried out in several stages, 
first conducting introductions and explaining the research to 
respondents; conduct a pretest on respondents before 
counseling is carried out to find out knowledge about 
maintaining dental and oral health by using a questionnaire 
and filling in is limited to 10 minutes; distributing leaflets; 
explain the contents of the leaflet while conducting counseling 
for 15 minutes; leaflets are given as student self-learning; the 
last week after doing a posttest to find out knowledge about 
maintaining oral and dental health after being given dental 
health education using leaflet media. Analysis of the data used 
in this study using SPSS with paired sample t test. 

RESULT 

Measuring knowledge of dental and oral health care before 
being given counseling using leaflet media, given a pretest 
questionnaire with a total of 12 questions. 

Table 1: Frequency distribution of knowledge of dental and 
oral health maintenance before counseling using leaflet media 

Knowledge Frequency Percentage 

Good 25 69 

Sufficient 5 14 

Poor 6 17 

Total 36 100 

 

Based on Table 1, the level of knowledge of dental and oral 
health maintenance of respondents before counseling using 
leaflet media had a good level of knowledge category of 25 
people with a percentage of 69%, sufficient category of 5 
people with a percentage of 14%, and poor category of 6 
people with a percentage of 17%. 

Table 2. Frequency distribution of knowledge of dental and 
oral health maintenance after counseling using leaflet media 

Knowledge Frequency Percentage 

Good 29 81 

Sufficient 7 19 

Poor 6 17 

Total 36 100 

 

Based on Table 2, the level of knowledge of dental and oral 
health after being given counseling with leaflet media, most of 

the 36 respondents had a good level of knowledge, 29 people 
with a percentage of 81%, the sufficient category was 7 people 
with a percentage of 19%, and no students entered the poor 
category. 

Table 3: Different test of debris index before and after 
counseling using leaflet media 

Knowledge of dental and 
oral health 

Mean Difference p-value 

Pre-test 8.6 
1.6 0.000 

Pos-test 10.2 

 

Based on Table 3, the average knowledge of dental and oral 
health maintenance before being given counseling using leaflet 
media has an average value of 8.6 and the average knowledge 
after being given counseling using leaflet media has an 
average value of 10.2, with p=0.000, meaning that the leaflet 
media is effective in increasing knowledge of dental and oral 
health care for elementary school children 

DISCUSSION 

The results of the research conducted regarding the 
description of knowledge of dental and oral health 
maintenance before and after being given counseling using 
leaflet media for Class IVB students at SDN Sawangan 07 
Depok, there was a change in students' knowledge before and 
after being given counseling using leaflet media about 
maintaining dental and oral health, the data obtained was that 
there was increase in knowledge in the good category, before 
counseling there were 25 students with a percentage of 69%, 
after being given counseling with leaflet media to 29 students 
with a percentage of 81%, then there was an increase in the 
sufficient category before being given counseling there were 5 
students with a percentage of 14%, after being given 
counseling there were 7 students with a percentage of 19%, 
and a decrease in the less category before being given 
counseling there were 6 students with a percentage of 17%, 
after being given counseling there were no students who were 
included in the less category. The results of the paired sample 
t test obtained a value of p = 0.000, meaning that leaflet media 
is effective in increasing knowledge of dental and oral health 
maintenance in elementary school children.  

The results of this study indicate that there is an increase in 
the knowledge of respondents before and after being given 
counseling about dental and oral health maintenance using 
leaflet media. This is because counseling with leaflet media has 
the advantage that it is easier to attract attention and 
stimulate children's understanding. Counseling with leaflet 
media can also make children see interesting pictures 
simultaneously related to the material provided.12 Then 
according to research conducted by Nubatonis shows that 
leaflet media can effectively increase children's knowledge. 
This was reinforced by research conducted by Nubatonis, the 
results of which showed that there were significant 
differences in knowledge and attitudes assessed by pretest 
and posttest between the two elementary school groups using 
leaflet media. These results prove that dental health education 
interventions through leaflet media can increase changes in 
students' knowledge and attitudes in maintaining dental and 
oral hygiene.15 

From this description, when compared with the results of 
research conducted by Imelda regarding the effect of leaflet 
media counseling on dental and oral hygiene knowledge of 
fifth grade students at Supat 1 Public Elementary School in 
2021. Based on the results of his research before counseling 
(pretest) that the average score - average 8.3 and the average 



Emini et al                                                                                                                                    Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2023; 3(2):23-25 

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value after counseling (posttest) is 15.3 meaning that there is 
a significant difference in the level of knowledge of children 
from children before counseling compared to after counseling 
with leaflet media. While the results of the study were 
obtained for class IVB students at SDN Sawangan 07 Depok in 
2022, that the average score before counseling using leaflet 
media (pretest) was 8.6 and the average score after counseling 
(posttest) was 10.2. It can be concluded that from this 
research there is a similarity, namely an increase in the 
average value of respondents' knowledge before counseling 
(pretest) and after counseling (posttest) with leaflet media. 
And the difference is the results of the numbers obtained 
before and after counseling. 

CONCLUSION 

Based on the results of the research that has been done, it can 
be concluded that there is the leaflet media is effective in 
increasing knowledge of dental and oral health care for 
elementary school children 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

The authors thank to all participants and research assistants. 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST 

The authors declare that they have no conflict interests. 

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