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Available online at ajdhs.com 

Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences 
Open Access to Dental and Medical Research 

Copyright  © 2023 The  Author(s): This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC 4.0 
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial use provided the 

original author and source are credited  

 

 

Motivation and Dental Health Self-Care Behavior with Adolescent Quality 
of Life using OHIP-14 

Wiworo Haryani*, Diani Sulistiawati, Etty Yuniarly 

Department of Dental Health, Health Polytechnic of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 

Article Info: 
_______________________________________ 
Article History: 

Received 04 June 2023     
Reviewed  27 July 2023 
Accepted 23 August 2023 
Published 15 September 2023 

_______________________________________ 
Cite this article as:  

Haryani W, Sulistiawati D, Yuniarly E, 
Motivation and Dental Health Self-Care 
Behavior with Adolescent Quality of Life using 
OHIP-14, Asian Journal of Dental and Health 
Sciences. 2023; 3(3):1-4 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v3i3.45       

_______________________________________
*Address for Correspondence:   

Wiworo Haryani, Department of Dental Health, 
Health Polytechnic of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, 
Indonesia. 

Abstract 
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Background: The prevalence of dental and oral disease in Indonesia is still high (57.6%) and the most 
cases are dental caries and periodontal disease. Adolescents during puberty are prone to oral health 
problems, so they need attention from dental and oral health care programs. Preventive measures 
against dental and oral diseases need to be carried out in adolescents so that there are no disturbances 
in function, activity, and work productivity which will affect quality of life. Technological developments 
require innovation to detect oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescents early. Objective: 
To determine the relationship between motivation and dental health self-care behavior with the quality 
of life of adolescents using the Oral Health Impact profile-14 or OHIP-14 questionnaire. Method: This 
type of research is observational analytic with a cross sectional design. The research location is at the 
Junior High School in the Sleman Regency area. The sample was 100 teenagers aged 12-15 years. The 
sampling technique was carried out using purposive sampling. The data analysis used was bivariate 
analysis using chi-square correlation to determine the relationship between motivation and dental 
health behavior and quality of life in adolescents. Results: There is a significant relationship between 
motivation and quality of life (p=0.004; OR=4.74). Adolescents with low motivation have a tendency to 
have a low quality of life 4.74 times compared to adolescents with high motivation. There is a significant 
relationship between dental health self-care behavior and quality of life (p=0.041; OR= 5.47). 
Adolescents with bad behavior tend to have a lower quality of life 5.47 times compared to adolescents 
with good dental health behavior. Conclusion: There is a relationship between motivation and dental 
health self-care behavior and quality of life in adolescents. 
Keywords: Motivation, Behavior, Quality of Life of Adolescents 

 

INTRODUCTION  

Quality of life is recognized as an important part of health and 
is considered in the assessment of therapy and wellness 
programs. Quality of life evaluates perceived health from a 
multidimensional perspective including physical, 
psychological, social, and environmental aspects.1 Quality of 
life related to oral health is called Oral Health-Related Quality 
of Life or OHRQoL.2,3  

Adolescents are one of the groups at high risk of having health 
problems. In dental and oral health, this threat can be avoided 
by preventing dental and oral diseases.4 Oral health has an 
impact on the quality of life of adolescents, and the OHRQoL 
measurement instrument that is often used is the Oral Health 
Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) which contains 14 dimensions of 
quality of life. The OHIP-14 concept measures various aspects 
of oral health, for example psychological, physical and social 
aspects. A high OHIP-14 score will always equate to a negative 
impact on OHRQoL.5 Pain and psychological discomfort are the 
OHIP-14 dimensions most frequently reported as impacting 
OHRQoL in adolescents. 6 

Several studies say there is a relationship between motivation 
for dental care and quality of life in medical students and 
based on the OHIP-14 dimensions it was found that good 
quality of life is highest for functional limitations, social 
disabilities and obstacles. stated that gender, location of 
residence, region, only child status, parental education, 
frequency of carbohydrate consumption, self-perception of 

oral health status, visits to the dentist in the last 12 months, 
knowledge, age, and the DMFT index were related to 
OHRQoL.7,8 OHRQoL measurements are currently still carried 
out using questionnaires such as the Oral Impact on Daily 
Performance (OIDP).9,10 Child Perceptions Questionnaire 
(CPQ).11,12, the Oral Health Impact profile-14 (OHIP-14).1,5  

A preliminary study on students of SMPN Gamping in Sleman 
Regency in 2021 showed that the prevalence of dental caries 
and periodontal disease in students was still high with a DMF-
T index of 4.6 and a low periodontal status of 65%. Based on 
this description and in line with the Dental Health 
Department's research roadmap for 2019-2023, the 
researchers argue that the need for dental assistants to detect 
OHRQoL includes motivation and self-care behavior for dental 
health using OHIP-14 in adolescents. 

METHOD AND MATERIAL  

This type of research is analytic observational with a cross 
sectional design. The sample is adolescents aged 12-15 years 
with a total of 100 children. The sampling technique was 
carried out by purposive sampling. Influence variables consist 
of dental care motivation, and dental health self-preservation 
behavior. The affected variables consist of quality of life. The 
research instrument was the OHIP-14 questionnaire and the 
scale used was ordinal. Quality of life is measured using the 
Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) including the 
dimensions of functional limitations, physical pain, 
psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological 

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Haryani et al                                                                                                                                     Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2023; 3(3):1-4 

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disability, social disability, and handicap. Factors related to 
oral health include sociodemographic characteristics (gender, 
maternal education, parental occupation), motivation, 
knowledge, behavior, oral hygiene, and experience of dental 

caries. The data analysis used was bivariate analysis using chi-
square correlation to determine the relationship between 
motivation and dental health behavior with the quality of life 
of adolescents. 

 

RESULT AND DISCUSSION 

Table 1: Frequency Distribution based on respondent characteristics 

Variable n % 

Age  

12 years 4 4.0% 

13 years 78 78.0% 

14 years 18 18.0% 

Gender 
Man 36 36.0% 

Women 64 64.0% 

Mother's Education 

Elementary school 6 6.1% 

Junior high school 13 13.1% 

Senior high school 42 42.4% 

College 38 38.4% 

Parents' job 

Government employees 26 26.0% 

Private 43 43.0% 

Farmers / Traders 4 4.0% 

Laborer 12 12.0% 

Etc 9 9.0% 

Doesn't work 6 6.0% 

 

Based on the results of research on junior high school 
adolescents in the Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta aged 12-15 
years, it was found that out of 100 adolescents it was known 
that most were 13 years old, 78 (78.0%). Most of the teenagers 
are women 64 (64.0%). The mother's highest level of 

education is senior high school 42 (42.4%). Most parents' 
work is private 43 (43.0%). Wu et al. stated that gender, 
parental education, self-perception of oral health status, 
knowledge, age, and the DMFT index are related to OHRQoL.8 

 

Table 2: Frequency distribution of knowledge, motivation, behavior, and quality of life 

Variable Mean SD n % 

Dental Care Motivation 4.76 0.51   

Motivation Low (<5)   20 20.0% 

High (≥5)   80 80.0% 

Dental Health Self-Care Behavior 4.42 1.26   

Behavior Not good (<4)   10 10.0% 

Good (≥4)   90 90.0% 

Total Quality of Life Score 24.59 6.42   

Quality of life Low (<23)   46 46.0% 

High (≥23)   54 54.0% 

 

Table 2 shows that the average dental care motivation score is 
4.76, based on the median cut off, it was found that the 
majority of teenagers had dental care motivation in the high 
category of 80 (80.0%). Motivation for dental care is 
influenced by attitudes, behavior and knowledge about 
teeth.13 High motivation can affect dental and oral health in 
adolescents. Motivation also influences adolescent awareness 

to treat damage to their teeth, so they are able to maintain 
dental and oral health which includes efforts to overcome it, 
and are able to instill healthy behavior from an early age.14 
Dental health care behavior obtained an average of 4.5 and 
based on the median cut off, it was found that most 
adolescents had dental health self-care behavior in the high 
category of 90 (90.0%). More than half of the quality of life of 



Haryani et al                                                                                                                                     Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2023; 3(3):1-4 

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adolescents is in the high category (54.0%). Oral health 
behavior is one of the factors that causes gingivitis in 

adolescents aged 12-15 years.15 

 

 

Table 3: Results of Analysis of Motivation and Oral Health Behavior with Quality of Life in Adolescents 

 

Quality of Life   

Low (<23) High (≥23) p OR 

n % n %   

Motivation Low (<5) 15 32.6% 5 9.3% 0.004* 4.74 

High (≥5) 31 67.4% 49 90.7%   

Behavior Not Good (<4) 8 17.4% 2 3.7% 0.041* 5.47 

Good(≥4) 38 82.6% 52 96.3%   

 

 

Table 3 shows the p-value of motivation with quality of life of 
0.0004 (p<0.05). The p-value of knowledge with quality of life 
is 0.0001 (p<0.05). The p-value of behavior with quality of life 
is 0.041 (p<0.05). This shows that there is a relationship 
between motivation and dental health behavior on the quality 
of life in adolescents. This is in line with the research by 
Zuhriza et al. shows that the higher the motivation for dental 
care, the better the quality of life, this is because the level of 
knowledge can influence a person's behavior towards oral 
diseases. Dental and oral health knowledge is very important 
in supporting behavior to maintain dental and oral hygiene 
and health.7 

Awareness to take advantage of medical services is increasing 
which encourages motivation to visit dental health services, so 
as to reduce dental health problems in adolescents. Health 
problems in the oral cavity and are serious can cause a 
decrease in the quality of life of individuals. Quality of life 
related to oral health is called Oral Health-Related Quality of 
Life or OHRQoL.2 OHRQoL is a person's assessment of the 
impact of dental and oral health problems that can affect the 
quality of life related to oral health in adolescents, the higher 
the dental health problems, the worse the quality of life.16 

CONCLUSION 

Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there is 
a significant relationship between motivation (p = 0.004) and 
dental health self-care behavior (p = 0.041) and quality of life. 
This shows that there is a relationship between motivation 
and dental health behavior on the quality of life in adolescents. 
The higher the motivation for dental care, the better the 
quality of life. Dental health problems that can affect the 
quality of life related to oral health in adolescents, the higher 
the dental health problems, the worse the quality of life. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

The authors thank to all participants and research assistants. 

CONFLICT OF INTEREST 

The authors declare that they have no conflict interests. 

ETHICAL CLEARANCE 

This research has received a certificate of appropriate 
research ethics from the Yogyakarta Health Research Ethics 
Commission No.DP.04.03/e-KEPK.1/243/2023 dated 27 
February 2023. 

 

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