ajeer: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called ajeer.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

Asian; Model; Development; Rate; Economic; Countries; Nigeria; Variables; Test; Market; Gdp; Government; Impact; View; Investment; Results; Level; Capital; Data; Sector; Interest; Performance; Financial; Income; Debt; Value; Factors; Credit; Productivity; Health; Tax; Resource; Students

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

• Influence of Excessive Expenditure of the Government in Perspective of Interest Rate and Money Circulation Which in Turn Affects the Growing Process in Pakistan by Rahman, Zia-Ur- (2019) - The fluctuation in excessive expenditure casing interest rate in the South Africa, but spending does not cause the treasury bills while treasury bills and interest rate are interlinked. In this study an attempt was made to investigate the affiliation among the excessive expenditure, interest rate, inflation, money supply and growing rate. Keywords: asian; economy; expenditure; government; granger; growth; growth rate; interest rate; journal; money; rate; supply; test
• Owner-Manager Competencies and Performance of the Firms: Evidence from Small Restaurant Businesses in Urban Tanzania by Elias, Ruth; Mwakujonga, Joshua (2019) - The P-value is > 0.05 to mean that entrepreneurial competencies are not a determinant of small restaurants business performance. Conclusion and Policy Implications Based on empirical findings, we conclude that, managerial and functional competencies are important predictors of small restaurant businesses performance in terms of changes in lifestyle of the owner-manager and changes in number of customers within the businesses. Keywords: analysis; asian; business; competencies; customers; journal; manager; owner; performance; research; restaurant; study; tanzania
• Firm Survival through Semi-Exits: The Case of Indian Registered Manufacturing by Gupta, Priyambada (2019) - They showed that multi-product firms have higher measured revenue-based productivity as compared to single product firms. The results hint towards an overwhelming improvement in the performance for electronic industry firms showing a change in product line as compared to food industry firms not adopting the strategy. Keywords: asian; average; cost; difference; firms; food; food industry; goods; industry firms; journal; line change; manufacturing; market; new; percent; period; product line; products; sales; strategy; value
• A Re-Examination of the Relationship between Foreign Flows and Economic Growth in LLDCs: Dynamic Fixed Effects (DFE) by Quadri, Faruq Umar, (2019) - Bearing on this importance of foreign capital flows into the developing economies of the world, quite a few anecdotal research work have examined the causality between foreign capital flows and economic growth at a single-country level as well as cross-countries. Mixed findings have been discovered from previous data- based researches on foreign capital flows and economic growth. Keywords: asian; capital; countries; data; development; economic; fdi; flows; foreign; group; growth; international; investment; journal; lldcs; panel; research; run
• Impact of Financial Inclusion on Inclusive Growth: An Empirical Study of Nigeria by Afolabi, Joseph Olarewaju (2020) - Abstract The study investigates the effect of financial inclusion on inclusive growth in Nigeria covering the periods of 1981 to 2017. The study found financial inclusion, in the form of rural loan, number of bank branches and level of liquidity have a positive and significant effect on inclusive growth in the short and long run, while interest rate impede inclusive growth. Keywords: asian; bank; development; gdp; growth; inclusion; journal; nigeria; percent; run; study; variables
• Nexus between Foreign Remittances and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Role of the Financial Sector by Garba, Kassey P.; Adekunle, Wasiu; Adeniyi, Oluwatosin (2020) - Equation 2 identifies four indicators of financial sector development; where, is the natural log of real gross domestic product in the current period, and is the natural log of real gross domestic product in the previous period, such that indicates time period; is the remittance inflows (% of GDP); is a vector of quantitative and qualitative indicators of financial development. The first attempt to quantify the impact of foreign remittances on economic growth depending on the complementarity or substitutability between foreign remittances and financial sector development is attributed to Giuliano and Ruiz-Arranz (2009). Keywords: asian; development; economic; equation; growth; indicators; journal; model; nigeria; remittances; sector; study; test; variables
• Causes of Current Account Fluctuations in West African Monetary Union by Diallo, Amadou Woury (2020) - This is the international real interest rate that represents the aggregate shock, the ratio of current account to gross domestic product which is the proxy for transient domestic shocks, and the ratio of net output to gross domestic product to measure impact of permanent shocks to the current account. Keywords: Current account, Inter-temporal approach, SVAR, Global shocks, Transient shocks, Permanent Shocks, WAEMU. Keywords: account; account fluctuations; approach; asian; countries; interest; journal; model; output; response; shocks; study; waemu
• Globalization and Income Inequality in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey: A Dynamic GMM Approach by Osinubi, Tolulope Temilola; Olomola, Philip Akanni (2020) - Abstract This study examines the effect of globalisation on income inequality in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey between 1980 and 2018, using economic, social, political, and overall globalisation as proposed by Dreher., Gaston, and Martens (2008). Results show that economic globalisation significantly increases income inequality in Mexico and Turkey, but insignificantly reduces inequality in Indonesia and Nigeria. Keywords: asian; cent; countries; economic; effect; globalisation; growth; i(1; income inequality; indonesia; investment; journal; level; mexico; mint; nigeria; studies; trade; turkey
• Does the Oil Price Influence the Exchange Rates in Nigeria? Empirical Evidence from Wavelet and Causality Approaches by Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday (2020) - Amano and Van Norden (1998) examined the link between the exchange rate and oil price utilizing cointegration technique and found that shocks in oil prices can explain exchange rate. Findings from the wavelet power spectrum shows; (a) a significant vulnerability in the exchange rate between 2014M6 and 201412, between 2017M1 and 2017M12 2016M1; and (b) a significant vulnerability was found in oil price between 2008M1 and 2008M12, between 2014M1 and 2014M12. Keywords: asian; causality; equation; exchange; exchange rate; journal; nigeria; oil; oil price; price; rate; time; wavelet
• Socio-Economic Factors of Empowerment in Developing Countries by Khan, Rabnawaz; Xinxin, Jin; Kong, Yusheng; Cobbold, Emmanuel Yamoah (2020) - The main investigation of this research study to analyzed the relationship of women fertility, socio-economic and political factor on the women empowerment. The highest determination of the study is to analyze and identify the variables through which the process of women empowerment can be measured. Keywords: asian; democracy; economic; education; empowerment; female; fertility; health; journal; model; process; test; value; view; women; women empowerment
• Credit Constraints and the Productivity of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises: Evidence from Canada by Lim, Mark; Foster, Jessica (2020) - Our results also found that, if the estimated coefficient of labor and capital are omitted, estimates of capital regulations and wages in production funds can increase productivity constraints and decrease the CC. The main aim of this study is to investigate the exclusive impact of CC on productivity levels in SMEs in Canada, including sales growth, total assets, and long-term debt (LTD). Keywords: asian; assets; business; constraints; credit; firm; growth; journal; productivity; research; smes; study
• Influence of Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth on CO2 Emissions: Evidence from Developing Countries by Khan, Rabnawaz; Kong, YuSheng; Xinxin, Jin (2020) - Regarding South Asia-countries, the relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth is not the signification, there are causality running from GDP and likes India have created a negative impact on global warming. Individual intercept Individual intercept and trend Variable les CR Individual root Hadri CR Individual root Hadri LLC IPS ADF PP LLC Breitung IPS ADF PP RE -45.080*** -14.656*** 277.840*** 319.731*** 8.521*** -41.624*** -1.614*** -11.936*** 474.523*** 262.236*** 8.89*** C 3.794 3.368 112.996 174.445*** 14.834*** -0.059 6.723 0.135 146.777*** 223.552*** 14.865*** EP 0.810 -1.926*** 246.709*** 170.106*** 22.294*** -8.443*** 7.479 -4.857*** 487.042*** 508.001*** 17.986*** IVA -3.237*** -2.356*** 130.172** 148.074*** 16.551*** 1.608 1.533 1.143 93.607 100.323 14.221*** GDPC 7.899 10.047 65.194* 44.285 28.143*** 2.296* Keywords: asian; causality; china; co2; consumption; countries; data; economics; emission; energy; growth; individual; journal; panel; run; test; variables; ∑ ∑
• The Provision of Long-Term Credit and Firm Growth in Developing Countries by Watson, Jennifer (2020) - The firm level data was used to build the dependent variables: employment growth and total sales growth. Why does credit growth crowd out real economic growth? Keywords: asian; countries; credit; employment; firms; growth; journal; long; ltc; sales; stc; study; term; total
• Estimating Cambodia’s Economic Conditions by Dynamic Factor Model by Sa, Kimleng (2020) - Durbin and Koopman (2012) showed that even without the normality assumption, from the minimum variance linear unbiased estimation approach, the estimation of state variables (St+1 and St) and their variances (Pt+1and Pt) were the same as the estimates from the classical and Bayesian viewpoints. Corona et al. (2020) showed that in the case of cointegration, using the original series could improve the estimation of state variables compared to differencing the series. Keywords: asian; coincident; data; dynamic; economic; economy; estimation; factor; filter; journal; kalman; model; st+1; state; study; variables
• A Comparative Analysis Based on Economic Factors of Students Emigration from South Asia by Khan, Yasir; Hassan, Taimoor; Yi, Wang Ming; Gulzar, Rahimullah (2018) - Growing number of international student migration to abroad for higher education and search for better economic opportunity. The final model showed international student migration to foreign countries and its related economic factors. Keywords: asian; bangladesh; countries; economic; education; factors; journal; migration; pakistan; research; students; study; unemployment
• An Empirical Examination on Trade Openness and Economic Growth Nexus in Africa by Mbogela, Cosmas S. (2019) - Trade growth and poverty. The literature provides different propositions on the causality of economic growth which has given rise to debates on the alternative course that countries need to pursue to enhance their respective growths economically. Keywords: asian; capita growth; causality; cause; countries; data; economic; economies; gdp; granger; growth; journal; openness; panel; tests; trade; trade openness; values; variables
• Factors Affecting the Bank Credit Accessibility of Rural Households in Vietnam by Giang, Tran Long; Hang, Hoang Thi Thanh (2019) - In order to analyze the types of credit households access and the impact of credit accessibility on household income, we control that, in fact, households accessing credits are self-selected ones. These households may have characteristics related to the fact that they also have credit loans. Keywords: accessibility; asian; bank; bank credit; credit; credit accessibility; factors; farmers; group; households; journal; loan; member; research
• Aspects Hindering the Development and Survival of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Pakistan: Stability Perspective by Ali, Shoaib (2021) - The studies on Pakistan, and the impacts of a few characteristics in the overall evaluation of the economic development of Pakistan SMEs, are discussed on an interpersonal basis. Abstract This article explores aspects that hinder the development and survival of small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. Keywords: asian; business; corruption; development; enterprises; journal; management; pakistan; research; smes; study
• Performance and Risks: Islamic Indices Compared to Conventional Indices by Agouram, Jamal; Anoualigh, Jamaa; Hssain, Lhoucine Ben; Lakhnati, Ghizlane (2021) - Abstract Islamic finance is very successful in the global market, and leading traditional index providers have expanded their range and are now offering a multitude of Islamic indices to facilitate the rapid development of Islamic finance, especially Sharia-compliant funds. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate whether Islamic indices are higher than the conventional indices and whether the overall risk for Islamic indices is lower than for conventional indices. Keywords: asian; djw; entrepreneurship; finance; index; indices; islamic; jones; journal; market; performance; research; results; risk; var
• Empirical Analysis of External Debt Exposure to Exchange Rate Risk in Nigeria by Eze, Afamefuna A.; Ogwu, Stephen Obinozie; Obozua, Obehi Destiny; Okolo, Chukwuemeka Valentine (2021) - By employing the augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test and the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation technique, the study found that external debt service payment (EXTDSP), total payment on external debt (TPEXTD), and trade openness (TROP) are significant, while external debt service payment (EXTDSP) and trade openness (TROP) negatively impact the exchange rate (EXCHR). Keywords: External debt, Exchange rate risk, OLS, Unit root, Model stability, International trade. Keywords: asian; debt; exchange; exchange rate; growth; impact; journal; nigeria; rate; results; study; test; variables
• Does Sterilization Policy Exert an Upward Pressure on Interest Rate as Dictated by Theory? A Nigerian Example by Chile, Nzeh, Innocent; Collins, Nwogwugwu, Uche; Edith, Nkamnebe, Ogochukwu; Eze, Millicent Adanne; Yusuf, Abubakar; Okafor, Bartholomew.O.N. (2021) - 56 References .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 56 https://www.asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/AJEER/article/view/3083 http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.48.57&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2017-01-14 http://crossmark.crossref.org/dialog/?doi=10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.48.57&domain=pdf&date_stamp=2017-01-14 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7049-1699 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-1012 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-4027 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3773-8183 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-8224 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2021, 8(2): 48-57 49 © 2021 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Contribution of this paper to the literature This study contributes to the existing literature by exploring whether the implementation of sterilization policy raises domestic interest rates in Nigeria as suggested by theory. Accordingly, such a measure uses up the domestic money supply, thus effectively neutralizing its impact on domestic interest rates and inflation. Keywords: asian; capital; capital inflows; inflows; interest; interest rate; journal; model; money; nigeria; policy; rate; run; sterilization; study
• Energy – Growth Nexus- A Case of South Asian Countries by Hussain, Saddam; Yu, Chunjiao; Wan, Liu (2021) - The relationship between energy consumption growths and economic growth in China. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth is a hot topic in today's society, and this paper aims to empirically verify the relationship between the two. Keywords: asian; causality; countries; data; development; economic; effects; energy; energy consumption; gdp; growth; journal; model; south
• The Risk-Taking Behaviour of Tunisian Banks in the Post-Revolution Era: A Panel ARDL-PMG Approach by SAADAOUI, Zied; MOKDADI, Salma (2022) - In their seminal work, Shrieves & Dahl (1992) proved the existence of a negative relationship between bank risk- taking and bank capital. These adjustment costs give rise to a negative co-movement between bank capital and the business cycle (Estrella, 2004). Keywords: adjustment; asian; assets; bank capital; banking; banks; capital; capital buffers; impact; increase; journal; panel; relationship; risk; run; taking; term; variables
• A Simple Macro-Fiscal Model for Policy Analysis: An Application to Cambodia by Baksa, Daniel ; Bulir, Ales ; Heng, Dyna (2022) - Keywords: Business cycle, Fiscal policy, Cambodia, Forecasting, Simulation, Debt management. Fiscal policy directly affects aggregate demand through the fiscal impulse—the parameter 𝑎4 is very close to the impact multiplier (see Appendix B for a discussion of the value of the multiplier). Keywords: asian; authors; cambodia; debt; exchange; exchange rate; gap; gdp; imf; interest; interest rate; journal; model; output; policy; rate; � 𝑡
• The Potential of Re-exports: A Probability for Fiji’s Trade Growth by Prakash, Amit; Chand, Priteshni (2022) - It is believed that recording re-export transactions should not have an impact on the trade balance since they would be crossed out, but the import prices may not always match the export prices, thus giving rise to over or underestimation of the prices. In addition, the few possible justifications put forward for the adverse effects caused by cyclones, droughts and flash flooding are insignificant as these natural disasters do not affect all the divisions in Fiji simultaneously, the relief aid from other countries fast-track the recovery period, and the global prices of commodities that Fiji export may have revised upwards. Keywords: asian; country; exports; fiji; goods; journal; model; statistics; study; total; trade
• Do Globalization, Technology Adoption and Economic Development Influence Income Inequality in Developing Asian Nations? by Abbas, Shujaat ; Hye, Qazi Muhammad Adnan ; Rehan, Raja ; Mubeen, Sadaf (2022) - Abstract Currently, income inequality has become an international issue that needs to be overcome and also requires the attention of researchers and policymakers. Hence, this study is an attempt to explore the impact of globalization, technology adoption, and economic development on income inequality. Keywords: adoption; asian; countries; development; effects; globalization; growth; impact; income inequality; journal; model; research; study; technology
• The Impact of South Africa’s Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity Rate on Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Behavior by Egu, Mathew E; Chiloane-Phetla, Evelyn G (2022) - In other words, just as the TESEA rate in South Africa can be used as a yardstick to measure entrepreneurial activity because it strengthens our hypothetical propositions, we would likewise expect the new firm rate or nascent entrepreneurship rate to have a similar effect. Consequently, during periods of high lending rates, the TESEA rate increases because banks are more willing to lend at high interest rates for profitable purposes to small businesses, which leads to higher rates of return and low risk exposure on these loans. Keywords: africa; amorós; asian; bosma; business; development; economic; entrepreneurship; factors; gdp; growth; herrington; impact; journal; level; market; model; new; rate; research; south; south africa; study; tesea rate; theory; unemployment; unemployment rate; variables; world
• Financial Exclusion and Poverty Reduction in Benin by Attoukou, Medard ; Nchare, Karim (2022) - Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 130 References ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 130 mailto:mattoukou@africanschoolofeconomics.com mailto:kfogam@africanschoolofeconomics.com https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://www.doi.org/10.20448/ajeer.v9i2.4146 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-9935 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-4124 Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2022, 9(2): 121-131 122 © 2022 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Contribution of this paper to the literature This study contributes to the empirical literature on the impact of financial inclusion on poverty in Africa by investigating the effect of financial exclusion on poverty in Benin, covering the years 2011, 2014, and 2017. These questions include: What are the main factors associated with the lack of financial inclusion (financial exclusion) in Benin, and how is financial exclusion associated with poverty in Benin? Keywords: asian; benin; exclusion; financial; inclusion; individual; journal; level; poverty; services
• The Origins and Dynamics of Inflation in Turkey: An SVAR Approach by SIKLAR, Emel ; SIKLAR, Ilyas (2022) - What is the effect of domestic demand shocks on inflation in a small open economy? The contribution of demand-side factors to inflation shocks was negative in the five quarters of this sub-period. Keywords: asian; demand; factors; inflation; journal; model; price; rate; response; shocks; supply; variables
• Does financial sector development have a sustainable level of effects on inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan African countries? Evidence from dynamic panel threshold analysis by Olayiwola, Abiodun Sunday (2023) - Why does financial sector growth crowd out real economic growth? 39 © 2023 by the author; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 10, No. 2, 39-47, 2023 ISSN(E) 2409-2622 / ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/ajeer.v10i2.5196 © 2023 by the author; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Does financial sector development have a sustainable level of effects on inclusive growth in Sub-Saharan African countries? Keywords: asian; countries; development; finance; financial; growth; journal; level; sector development; ssa; sub; threshold
• Public spending and economic growth: The role of institutions in Ivory Coast by Ouattara, Sohalio (2024) - To this end, authors used an endogenous growth model, subsequently decomposing public spending into military spending and public investment spending. Abstract Several studies have analysed the effects of public spending, institutions and interaction between public spending and institutions on economic activity. Keywords: asian; capita; corruption; countries; effects; gdp; growth; institutions; journal; model; public; relationship; results; spending; term
• Examining the dynamics of risk, performance, and volatility during COVID-19: Evidence from Moroccan stock market by Amzil, Mustapha ; Bari, Ahmed Ait ; Asllam, Lahoucine (2024) - Keywords: COVID-19, GARCH model market, MASI index, Moroccan financial market, Psychological impact, Risk measures, Volatility. Analyzing the behavior of the S&P 1200 Global Shariah and non- Shariah sector indices, Dharani, Hassan, Rabbani, and Huq (2022) affirmed that non-Shariah indices exhibited higher volatility than Shariah indices. Keywords: asian; covid-19; index; journal; market; masi; pandemic; performance; risk; sectors; stock; 𝐿∞.
• The time-varying impact of US monetary policy spillovers on small open economies: Evidence from Indonesia by Danladi, Saba Ndayezhin; Sanusi, Aliyu Rafindadi (2024) - First, we focus on estimating the dynamic effects of US monetary policy shocks using a consistent measure of US monetary policy over time. To provide additional insight, this study examines the propagation of US monetary policy shocks to Indonesia's economy. Keywords: asian; easing; figure; indonesia; journal; policy; policy rate; policy shocks; rate; shocks; time; ump; variables
• Analyzing the dynamics of import demand function in Pakistan: Long-term and short-term relationships with key economic factors by Ahmad, Shakil ; Maqbool, Imran ; Raihan, Asif ; Xin, Liu (2024) - 50 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 11, No. 2, 50-59, 2024 ISSN(E) 2409-2622 / ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/ajeer.v11i2.5959 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Analyzing the dynamics of import demand function in Pakistan: Long-term and short-term relationships with key economic factors Shakil Ahmad1 Imran Maqbool2 Asif Raihan3 Liu Xin4 ( Corresponding Author) 1,2,4School of International Trade and Economics, University of International Business and Economics Beijing, China. 1Email: de202160007@uibe.edu.cn 2Email: Analyzing the dynamics of import demand function in Pakistan: Long-term and short-term relationships with key economic factors. Keywords: asian; demand; economic; exports; factors; function; import; import demand; journal; model; pakistan; research; results; study; term; test; variables
• The impact of capital flight on economic development: An empirical analysis from Palestine by Badwan , Nemer (2024) - Variables Description Mean Median Standard deviation Minimum Maximum Constant Real per-capita income (Constant US$) 2.256 7.058 19.044 6.035 81.752 Capital flight Capital flight in percentage of GDP 4.062 9.743 11.336 22.853 43.818 Change in the external debt balance External debt stock (Percentage of GDP) 11.472 17.748 13.471 3.011 16.283 Net foreign direct investment Net inflows of FDI (% of GDP) 7.803 10.552 12.006 4.227 19.363 Current account balance Current account balance (Percentage of GDP) 22.195 26.113 6.044 7.368 21.635 Change in the stock of foreign reserves Foreign reserves stock changes (Percentage of GDP) 16.810 33.208 5.026 10.256 28.558 Amount of capital flight Capital flight (Percentage of GDP) 5.047 12.226 13.590 -15.842 42.736 Rate of change Rate of change (Percentage of GDP) 17.702 37.052 5.063 8.907 23.406 Debt to assets ratio Debt to assets (Percentage of GDP) 5.074 8.974 11.310 6.088 36.953 Interest coverage ratio Interests coverage (Percentage of GDP) 3.942 7.980 2.975 3.785 25.583 Equity ratio Equity ratio (Percentage of GDP) 17.845 27.832 8.643 2.006 18.642 Debt to equity ratio Debt to equity (Percentage of GDP) 12.894 25.960 7.152 5.583 63.961 Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2024, 11(2): 60-82 70 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group The impact of capital flight on economic development: An empirical analysis from Palestine Nemer Badwan Computerized of Banking and Financial Department, Faculty of Business and Economics, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, Tulkarm, State of Palestine. Keywords: asian; capital flight; country; data; debt; development; economic; economy; effects; financial; findings; foreign; gdp; growth; impact; international; investment; journal; level; model; national; palestine; palestinian; research; results; run; solvency; study; term; test; value; variables; world
• Can green technologies serve as a pathway for women's socioeconomic inclusion in Africa? by Donald, Djatcho Siefu ; Orfe, Chouafi Nguekam ; Merime, Aguekam Ngako ; Chretien, Nzomo Tchuenta Joseph (2024) - 103 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 11, No. 2, 103-110, 2024 ISSN(E) 2409-2622 / ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/ajeer.v11i2.6282 © 2024 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Can green technologies serve as a pathway for women's socioeconomic inclusion in Africa? The findings show a direct impact on women’s employment in high- and middle-income countries, particularly in renewable energy generation and sustainable agriculture, as a result of increased use of green technologies. Keywords: access; africa; asian; countries; development; energy; gender; green; income; journal; socio; study; technologies; technology; women
• Investigating small business operators’ views on taxation of business income: A novel analysis from cape coast metropolis in Ghana by Moro, Kamal Deen ; Wiredu, John ; Boateng, Seth Acquah ; Sackitey, Gabriel Mordzifa (2025) - This segment presents the findings regarding the factors influencing small business tax compliance. Business tax compliance is influenced by deterrence, norms, opportunity, fairness, trust, and economic factors (Suleman & Ennin, 2023). Keywords: asian; businesses; cape; coast; compliance; ghana; journal; pay; research; respondents; revenue; study; table; tax; tax compliance; taxation; taxes
• The spatial impact of new urbanization construction on total factor productivity in China by Wang, Yuanyuan ; Li, Shengsheng (2025) - In the construction of the evaluation index system of new urbanization level, there has been a shift from the early single consideration of urban-rural integration to the development of three levels: environment, economy, and society. New urbanization indicator system. Keywords: asian; china; cities; development; effect; factor; factor productivity; indicator; journal; level; matrix; model; new; productivity; total; urbanization
• The impact of urban business environment on the agglomeration of high-skilled labor by Liang, Jiawei ; Yang, Di ; Bo, Le (2025) - This explains the observed negative net effect on skilled labor agglomeration in these areas. This divergence suggests that business environment enhancements exert spatially uneven impacts on skilled labor agglomeration. Keywords: agglomeration; asian; business; business environment; development; effects; environment; innovation; journal; labor; labor agglomeration; level; research; threshold; urban; urban business; variable; wage
• Corruption, democracy, and economic growth in Kenya by Mose, Naftaly (2025) - 74 © 2025 by the author; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 12, No. 1, 74-78, 2025 ISSN(E) 2409-2622 / ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/ajeer.v12i1.6920 © 2025 by the author; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Corruption, democracy, and economic growth in Kenya Naftaly Mose Technical University of Kenya, Kenya. The relationship between corruption, democracy, and economic growth is complex and multifaceted across empirical studies. Keywords: asian; corruption; democracy; development; government; growth; institutions; journal; kenya; study
• Governance in the MENA region: The hidden engine of economic growth by Jawhara, Ghlissi; Mourad, Mroua (2025) - The application of generalized least squares (GLS) and the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation, combined with two distinct proxies for economic growth HDI and GDP per capita yields the following results: While corruption acts as a significant barrier to economic growth, government effectiveness serves as a powerful catalyst, driving progress and fostering an environment conducive to prosperity. mourad.mroua@ihecs.usf.tn Abstract This study investigates the impact of governance on economic growth by analyzing data from 18 Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries over the period from 2000 to 2023. Keywords: asian; control; corruption; countries; development; economic; governance; government; growth; human; indicators; journal; stability; study; variables
• Exploring the impacts of financial development on economic growth through financial openness in three urban agglomeration regions of China by Gilal, Ashfaque Ali; Hong, Liu; Xu, Xianhang; Si, Meng Jiao; Min, Qi (2025) - 104 © 2025 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 12, No. 2, 104-112, 2025 ISSN(E) 2409-2622 / ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/ajeer.v12i2.7477 © 2025 by the author; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Exploring the impacts of financial development on economic growth through financial openness in three urban agglomeration regions of China Ashfaque Ali Gilal1 Liu Hong2 Xianhang Xu3 5Email: qimin@student.usm.my Abstract This study explores the nonlinear relationship between financial development (FD), financial openness (FO), and economic growth across China’s three key urban agglomerations: Keywords: asian; capital; china; development; economic; financial; growth; journal; openness; regions; research; study; threshold
• Access to stock markets impact on SMEs performance by Akala, Imanou; Pozniak, Laetitia (2025) - W statistics P-value CI Listed SMEs solvency (x) 0.92 0.334 95% Unlisted SMEs solvency (x) 0.076706* 0.005759* 95% Listed SMEs liquidity (x) 0.909 0.274 95% Unlisted SMEs liquidity (x) 0.969 0.879 95% Listed SMEs profit margin % 0.9278 0.466 95% Unlisted SMEs profit margin % 0.969 0.879 95% Listed SMEs ROA % 0.875 0.141 95% Unlisted SMEs ROA % 0.939 0.537 95% Listed SMEs ROE % 0.951 0.683 95% Unlisted SMEs ROE % 0.858 0.072 95% Table 7 presents the solvency, liquidity, profit margin, ROA, and ROE Shapiro-Wilk test results for listed and unlisted SMEs. The literature has shown that as they gain from long-term financing, listed SMEs would expand and surpass unlisted SMEs, which are left behind (Sommer, 2024) which is consistent with the signalling theory, enterprises IPO decision is not merely only a means of accessing external finance but also a strategic signalling mechanism to reduce information asymmetry and attract external stakeholders (Leland & Pyle, 1977). Keywords: access; asian; enterprises; european; journal; liquidity; listing; margin; markets; performance; profit; roa; roe; smes; solvency; stock
• Women's empowerment and educational equity: Analyzing gendered household education expenditures in Cameroon by Tameko, Joslanie Douanla; Wung, Ernest Alang; Herman, Poutong Rais; Kountchou, Armand Mboutchouang (2025) - Also, some works felt that there was insufficient evidence to support the confirmation that women's empowerment, measured by their participation in household decisions, reduces gender inequalities (Saleemi & Kofol, 2022). A positive and significant sex ratio suggests an increase in the woman's threat point, implying that household decisions are aligned with the woman's preferences. Keywords: asian; bargaining; children; decision; development; economics; education; empowerment; expenditure; gender; girls; household; household decision; individuals; journal; making; power; research; school; study; women
• The effect of natural resources on sustainable development: The institutional threshold by Ncibi, Kaies; Sghayri, Baghdedi (2025) - The effect of natural resources on sustainable development: The institutional threshold Kaies Ncibi1 Baghdedi Sghayri2 ( Corresponding Author) 1Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences of Sfax, Tunisia. Below this critical level, the resource curse phenomenon prevails, where natural resources have a muted or even negative effect on development, likely due to rent-seeking and governance failures. Keywords: asian; botswana; countries; country; development; economic; government; institutions; journal; oil; quality; resources; root; unit; variable

• Macroeconomic Effect of Foreign Aid by Afolabi, Joseph Olarewaju; Nwanekwere, Justine Tochukwu (2019) - Abstract The study examines the linear and non-linear macroeconomic effect of foreign aid in Nigeria between 1970 and 2017. The linear regression results show foreign aid to have no significant effect on welfare, measured by RGDPPC in the short-run and long-run. Keywords: + ∑; aid; economic; effect; journal; linear; model; rate; run
• Dynamic Effect of Public Expenditure on Oil Producing Economy: An Empirical Evidence from Nigeria by Olanrele, Iyabo A. (2020) - A clear picture of this is seen in Figure 1, where trend in total government expenditure is closely related to oil revenue. As expected, total government expenditure (TOPEX) has a positive impact on real GDP (RGDP) on the short and long-run. Keywords: effect; expenditure; government; government expenditure; growth; journal; model; run; sector; total
• Effects of High-Voltage Overhead Power Lines (HVOPLs) on Residential Property Prices by Jayantha, Wadu Mesthrige; Abeydeera, Lebunu Hewage Udara Willhelm (2020) - To the authors’ knowledge, to date there has not been a single comprehensive study in this area, investigating the impact of high-voltage power cables on residential property value. The impact of transmission lines on residential property values: Results of a case study in a suburb of Wellington, NZ. Keywords: effects; hvopls; journal; lines; model; power; properties; property; research; studies; study; transmission; value; variables
• Inbound Tourism and Social Factors in Nigeria: Evidence from an Ardl-Ecm Model by Okon, Emmanuel Okokondem (2014) - According to (Crouch, 1994a; 1994b) and Lim (1997), international tourism demand variables are often represented by the number of tourist arrivals and departures, the expenditures and receipts of tourism sector and tourist-nights and the average length-of-stay. Review of international tourism demand models. Keywords: cent; demand; factors; international; journal; log; model; nigeria; research; result; run; state; tourism; variables
• Determinants of Bank Deposits in Ghana: A Cointegration Approcah by Larbi-Siaw, Otu; Lawer, Peter Angmor (2015) - The short run effects of a change in the independent variables on bank deposit were found to have the expected influence on bank deposits. Using data monthly for the period January 2000 to July 2004 the study found a direct correlation between the level of Islamic bank deposit and its yield which reflects the attractive nature of higher returns on bank deposits. Keywords: bank; deposits; growth; interest; level; model; money; rate; savings; study; supply; variables
• Dynamics of Business Cycles in Vietnam a Comparison with Indonesia and Philippines by Thanh Ha, Le, (2015) - The evidence for countries suggests that: (i) the main source of output variance is domestic supply shocks but there is a significant decrease in long-run; (ii) the fluctuations of trade balance are mostly due to external shocks, especially term of trade shocks in Vietnam, as opposed to Philippines and Indonesia where IS shocks play an important role; (iii) the fluctuations of real exchange rate are mainly driven by the domestic shocks but internal causes of each country are different; (iv) the two important sources of price’s movements are domestic shocks, especially IS and nominal shocks in Vietnam. In brief, domestic shocks mainly explain for output’s fluctuations in which domestic supply shocks are the most important disturbances in explaining in both short-run and long-run. Keywords: fluctuations; model; output; run; shocks; supply shocks; term; trade; trade shocks; vietnam
• Taxation and Capital Structure: Evidence from Russian Companies by Makeeva, Elena; Kozenkova, Tatiana (2015) - 2. Literature Review Graham put a lot of effort (Graham, 1996; 2000) trying to show the influence of tax factors on the company’s strategy about changing of its capital structure. Every valuable, explaining tax factors, except for the ZPROB, is statistically significant at a level of 5%. Keywords: assets; companies; company; debt; model; mtr; period; tax; tax rate
• Vertical and Horizontal Integration as Determinants of Market Channel Choice among Smallholder Dairy Farmers in Lower Central Kenya by Mutura, James K.; Nyairo, Newton; Mwangi, Maina; Wambugu, Stephen K. (2015) - The Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2015, 2(2):83-90 85 study categorized milk market choices in to a binary outcome of formal and informal market channels. Marketing costs significantly influenced the choice of milk marketing channel at 5 percent level of significance. Keywords: channel; choice; cooperatives; dairy; farmers; gate; household; journal; kenya; level; logit; marketing; milk; model; research; smallholder; study
• Modelling Economic Growth Function in Nigeria: An ARDL Approach by Okafor, Chinwuba; Shaibu, Ibrahim (2016) - Impact of monetary policy on Nigeria economic growth. Abstract The objectives of the study were to identify the significant variables that underlie economic growth in Nigeria, ascertain the stability of the economic growth model in Nigeria over the sample period, and examine the forecasting performance of the linear dynamic model. Keywords: ardl; economic; growth; journal; model; nigeria; run; t t; test; variables
• Futures Trading: Informational Content of Open Interest and Trading Volume on Futures Price by P, Shylaja; C, Anver Sadath (2016) - Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research ISSN(E) : 2409-2622 ISSN(P) : 2518-010X Vol. 3, No. 2, 156-162, 2016 http://asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/AJEER 156 Futures Trading: Informational Content of Open Interest and Trading Volume on Futures Price Shylaja P1  This study empirically analyses the informational content of open interest and trading volume on futures price determination on the basis of selected agricultural commodities. Keywords: content; futures; futures price; interest; market; model; price; trading; trading volume; volume
• The Enterprise Risk Management of Foreign Exchange Exposures: Evidence from Taiwanese Hospitality Industry by Chiu-Ming, Hsiao,; Wei-Fang, Zhang,; Chi-Chang, Chiu,; Jung-Chang, Huang,; Yu-Ling, Huang, (2017) - Furthermore, as indicated in Smithson and Simkins (2005) although the management of interest rate and foreign exchange rate risks does indeed add value, the effect is larger than would be expected. Optimal hedging of stock portfolios against foreign exchange risk: Theory and applications. Keywords: co.; exchange; google; hotel; international; journal; ltd; model; portfolio; publisher; risk; roa; roe; scholar; taiwan; tourism; variables; view
• The Economics of Foreign Aid: Time Series Evidence from a Less Developed Country (LDC) by Hassan, Md Mahadee (2017) - As a result, organizing our review initially we focus on highly exploited typical Barro (1991) cross- country growth regression commonly outlined in the form of: γ = α + β1 .x1 Ultimately, a consensus emerged from this couple of documents along with other relevant literature that test of aid effectiveness on economic growth has been a regular practice of typical OLS estimation within cross-country framework using standard growth regressions (Hansen and Tarp, 2000; Hendry and Krolzig, 2004; Doucouliagos and Paldam, 2009; Deaton, 2010). Keywords: aid; development; economic; error; estimation; gdp; google; google scholar; growth; journal; model; prob; publisher; scholar; series; statistic; test; time; variable; vector; view; world
• Why are the Performances of Business Groups Different? A Case Study of Formosa Plastics Group and Far Eastern Group by Lan, Yu-Wei; Lin, Dan; Lin, Lu (2017) - A Case Study of Formosa Plastics Group and Far Eastern Group. In 2014, the total market values of Formosa Plastics Group and Far Eastern Group were $2680.8 billion and $679 billion, respectively. Keywords: business; company; eastern; etf; formosa; formosa plastics; google; group; investment; journal; model; news; plastics; plastics group; prob; results; scholar; stock; taiwan; test; view
• Foreign Direct Investment Inflows and Labor Productivity in Pakistan: A Sector-Wise Panel Cointegration Analysis by Serfraz, Ayesha (2018) - At the most one hypothesis has high probability values (more than 5%) for both trace co-integrated and max Eigen value test which leads to the conclusion that there is Cointegration between two variables (sector wise labor productivity and sector wise FDI inflows are) 3.3. Sector Wise FDI Inflows ($ Million) Source: Board of Investment, Pakistan http://boi.gov.pk/ForeignInvestmentinPakistan.aspx 22.6% increase in Net FDI in July-May, 2016-17 as compared to July-May, 2015-16. Keywords: analysis; causality; cointegration; data; fdi; fdi inflows; growth; impact; increase; labor; labor productivity; model; pakistan; panel; productivity; results; sector; statistic; test
• Analyzing the Savings-Investment Trend in a Panel of G-7 Countries by Mansoor, Abdul; Sultana, Baserat; Saeed, Romana (2018) - Pakistan Abstract This study examined the relationship between savings and investment in the G-7 countries for the period of 1970 to 2015. The results neglected the existence of a long run correlation between saving and investment in G-7 countries. Keywords: countries; data; integration; investment; journal; model; panel; relationship; savings; statistic; test
• Sustainability in ASEAN Countries: The Role of Financial Development in Climate Change by Kumaran, Vikniswari Vija; Munawwarah, Siti Nurul; Ismail, Mohd Khairi (2021) - Additionally, Dong, Sun, & Hochman (2017) mentioned that renewable energy consumption is crucial to reducing carbon emissions, and their results also showed that renewable energy will have a significantly negative impact on CO2 emissions. Panel data analysis was employed and the results show that financial development, economic growth, population and renewable energy are important factors in influencing climate change. Keywords: asean; carbon; change; climate; co2; countries; development; emissions; energy; growth; hypothesis; journal; model; population; test
• Impact of Population, GDP and Energy Consumption on Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Pakistan Using an Analytic Tool IPAT by Mansoor, Abdul; Sultana, Baserat (2018) - Apergis and Payne (2009) examined the relationship between energy consumption co2 emission the relationship between energy consumption co2 emission and output in France. Pakistan Abstract This study examines the relationship between CO2 emission, economic growth, population and energy consumption in Pakistan during period of 1975-2016. Keywords: co2; consumption; emission; energy; energy consumption; gdp; growth; model; population; relationship; run
• Forecasting the Oil Volatility Index Using Factors of Uncertainty by Delis, Panagiotis ; Degiannakis, Stavros ; Giannopoulos, Konstantinos (2022) - Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 19 References .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 mailto:p.delis@panteion.gr mailto:s.degiannakis@panteion.gr mailto:kwstasgiannopoulos@yahoo.gr http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://www.doi.org/10.20448/ajeer.v9i1.3666 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7238-4352 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1931-5494 Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2022, 9(1): 13-20 14 © 2022 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Contribution of this paper to the literature This study contributes to the existing literature by investigating the predictive performance of models that incorporate several factors of uncertainty, including implied volatility indices and other indicators that capture uncertainty, on the oil implied volatility index (OVX). Moreover, Degiannakis, Filis, and Hassani (2018) applied parametric and non-parametric techniques in order to forecast implied volatility indices, such as the VIX. Keywords: forecasting; index; indices; journal; model; oil; ovx; uncertainty; volatility
• The Significance of Foreign Direct Investment Registered Projects and Employment Creation in the Sectors of Ghana’s Economy by Yeboah, Evans ; Agyei, Dacosta Boateng ; Li, Ran; Sossoe, Anita ; Tetteh, Mavis ; Amankwa, Aisha (2022) - The excellent performance of the building & construction sector in terms of FDI employment is due to the huge investment in housing and construction activities in the country in recent years. The distribution of FDI registered projects among the various sectors has inspired a high level of expectation of economic growth in Ghana. Keywords: employment; fdi; growth; impact; investment; journal; manufacturing; model; projects; sectors; service; study
• Analysis of the impact of banking sector credit on the real sector by Magaji, Sule ; Musa, Ibrahim (2023) - Only in nations with a high level of banking sector growth is the negative effect of banking sector growth on agriculture industry development visible. 11 © 2023 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 10, No. 1, 11-19, 2023 ISSN(E) 2409-2622 / ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/ajeer.v10i1.4413 © 2023 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Analysis of the impact of banking sector credit on the real sector Sule Magaji1 Ibrahim Musa2 ( Corresponding Author) 1,2Department of Economics, University of Abuja, Nigeria. Keywords: banking; capital; credit; economic; growth; impact; journal; model; nigeria; rgdp; sector
• The deterioration of current account balance in selected countries of MENA: Causes of concern by Badwan, Nemer ; Al-Qubbaj, Ihab (2024) - A causal relationship between oil prices current account deficit, and economic growth: An empirical analysis from fragile five countries. The deterioration of current account balance in selected countries of MENA: Causes of concern Nemer Badwan1 Ihab Al-Qubbaj2 ( Corresponding Author) 1,2Computerized Finance and Banking Sciences Department, Faculty of Business and Economics, Palestine Technical University, Kadoorie, Tulkarm, State of Palestine. Keywords: account; account balance; balance; cab; countries; exchange; impact; interest; journal; model; oil; rate; research; trade
• Research on the effect of digital economy on new agricultural productivity by Pengfei, Zhou ; Yang, CAI ; Xianfeng, Li (2024) - For example, Wang and Yang (2023) studied the mechanism of relationship between digital new agricultural productivity and the high-quality development in China; (Luo, 2014) analyzed the main obstacles, development priorities, and policy suggestions for the development of new agricultural productivity; (Jiang, 2024) made a logical analysis of new agricultural productivity from four aspects: connotation characteristics, development focus, constraints, and policy suggestions. Keywords: Agricultural new quality productivity, Digital economy, Mediator effect, Rural revitalization, Spatial spillover effect, Threshold effect. Keywords: agricultural; construction; development; digital; economy; effect; improvement; information; journal; level; model; productivity; quality; quality productivity; research; threshold
• ARDL approach: The determinants of government size in Malaysia by Ng, Kuang Yong ; Samsudin, Shamzaeffa ; Zainal, Zalina ; Wei, Haitian (2025) - Hence, an assumption of the negative long run association between the trade openness variable and government size variable has been made in this study. Therefore, this study assumes that there will be a long run association between the country size and government size variables in Malaysia. Keywords: economic; government; government size; journal; malaysia; model; openness; run; size; trade

• Development Aid and Human Capital Development in Nigeria: A Sector Level-Analysis by Olanrele, Iyabo Adeola; Awode, Segun Subair (2020) - Keywords: Development aid, Human capital development, Government expenditures, Life expectancy, Primary school enrolment, ARDL, Nigeria. Introduction The financial gap/budget constraints made development aid indispensable in developing countries. Keywords: aid; capital; development; education; health; human; impact; journal; nigeria; oda; rate; run; school
• Financial Development and Monetary Transmission Mechanism in Nigeria (1986-2017) by Oyadeyi, Olajide; Akinbobola, Temidayo (2020) - However, Singh, Razi, Endut, and Ramlee (2007) examined how the monetary transmission mechanism is affected by financial market developments in Asian countries in relation to developed countries of the world from the period of 1980 to 2006. Impact of financial market developments on the monetary transmission mechanism. Keywords: banking; channel; development; financial; inflation; interest; journal; market; nigeria; policy; policy rate; rate; rate channel; result; run; sector; study; term; transmission
• Molding the Young for Proper Socio-Economic Development: The Case for Vocational Guidance and Counselling in the Secondary School System in Zimbabwe by Musingafi, Maxwell Constantine Chando; Mafumbate, Racheal (2014) - Thus school based career guidance plays a key role in helping labour markets work and education systems meet their goals. Gerler (1985) reports that school counselling services in America positively influence the affective, behavioural and interpersonal domains of children‟s lives and thus affect students‟ achievement positively. Keywords: career; counselling; counselling services; development; education; guidance; journal; programmes; school; school counselling; services; students
• Monitoring and Evaluation in the Public Sector: A Case Study of the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in South Africa by Hlatshwayo, N.Z; Govender, K K (2015) - In 2005, the Paris Declaration on Aid and Effectiveness (PDAE) highlighted the capacity to „plan, manage, implement and account for the results of policies and programs through M&E systems (Mosse and Lewis, 2005). Various countries have adopted different approaches to public sector reforms according to their specific requirements, aligned with M&E systems. Keywords: delivery; development; evaluation; framework; government; implementation; m&e; management; monitoring; policy; public; research; sector; service
• Accountability and Environmental Sustainability: Nigerian Maritime Experience by Alkali, Mohammed Yusuf; Imam, Maryam Ibrahim (2016) - Though, Nigerian maritime sector is considered to be vast and evergreen (Ifeyinwa, 2015), but yet there was a bold attempt by the Nigeria government to transform the look of the industry operations within its Coastal and Inland Shipping. Some of the major functions of Nigerian maritime sectors are find below:  Keywords: development; environmental; government; industry; maritime; nigerian; region; revenue; sector
• Ceiling Limit a Potential Instrument of Urban Change-A Descriptive Study on the Series of Amendments in the Development of Bangalore City by R, Hemalatha (2016) - Problem In the case of rural land it is moderately easy to designate standard acres like imposition of land ceilings in relation with the productivity of land, but it is difficult to do so with urban land. The Gupta R G Urban Ceiling Act (1976) 2 : this Act is meant to prevent concentration of urban property in the hands of few persons to bring socialization of urban land and to discourage construction of luxurious buildings/houses. Keywords: acquisition; act; authority; ceiling; city; development; land; site; urban
• Ethics, Etiquette and Purpose of Life: In Search of the Coevolution's Missing Link in the Strategic Field by Anunciação, Pedro; Jr., Paulo Hayashi; Abib, Gustavo; Batista, Luis Felipe (2016) - Complementary, Anunciação (2014) propones five levels: personal ethics, professional ethics, organizational ethics, economic ethics and societal ethics. The competitive world is not a source of more cheats and injustices, but a motivation for more ethics actions and construction of better social etiquettes that will help to the coevolution of different stakeholders and, in the end, all the society will be better, little by little, through a continuous process of development Keywords: Ethics, Etiquette, Purpose of life, Organizational strategy, Coevolution, Performance. Keywords: business; coevolution; company; development; environment; ethics; etiquette; frankl; human; individual; journal; life; organization; people; purpose; strategy
• Impact of Government Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria: A Disaggregated Analysis by Ebong, Friday; Ogwumike, Fidelis; Udongwo, Udeme; Ayodele, Olumide (2016) - The estimated form of this model, with capital public expenditures, is given in table 5. Abstract The purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of government capital expenditures on economic growth in Nigeria during 1970 and 2012. Keywords: capital; capital expenditure; cent; development; education; expenditure; gdp; government; growth; journal; nigeria; run; spending
• Impact of Prestigious Indicators on Sustainable Growth of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Pakistan by Ali, Shoaib; Azam, Farooq; Naveed, Hafiz Muhammad; Abid, Waqar (2020) - Indonesia's research analysis has defined marketing know-how, technologies, qualified quality management, promoting federal regulations, adequate funds, and marketing complications or challenges as the key drivers fostering SME growth in Indonesia. Furthermore, results revealed that Pakistan SME’s are not risk- focused. Keywords: business; development; enterprises; government; growth; journal; pakistan; research; sme; smes; technology
• Effects of the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Nigeria: Error Correction Mechanism by Kolawole, EBIRE,; O. Lucky, ONMONYA,; V. Ekemini, INIM, (2018) - Ogunleye (2014) noted that while it is difficult to determine the exact quantity and quality of FDI determinants that should be present in a location for it to attract a given level of inflows, it is nevertheless clear that a critical minimum of these determinants must be present before FDI inflows begin to occur. Identifying the key determinants of FDI inflows is therefore seen as an important task for policy makers. Keywords: determinants; development; economy; exchange; expenditure; fdi; fdi inflows; gdp; government; inflows; investment; journal; military; nigeria; rate; test
• Does quality-adjusted human capital matter for economic growth of Malaysia: Time series analysis by Putri, Amelia ; Bellamy, Emily (2024) - The phenomenon of growing returns to scale is influenced by the rate of human capital growth, as human capital introduces externalities into the production process. Human capital refers to the collective knowledge and skills possessed by individuals, which significantly contribute to enhancing productivity and are closely linked to economic growth and development. Keywords: capital; development; economic; growth; human; impact; journal; malaysia; quality; research; study; variables
• Impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth: The role of financial development in the context of developing economies by Guan, Thew Kim (2024) - According to economic theory, foreign direct investment inflows (hereafter “FDI”) are a crucial catalyst for stimulating economic growth, as FDI has the capacity to attract technology, leading to a subsequent rise in economic growth (hereafter “EGT”). Scholars continue to debate the convincing clarification of the direct impact of FDI on economic growth (thereafter “EGT”), despite the frequent emphasis on the absorptive capacity of host nations. Keywords: countries; development; economic; egt; fdi; fnd; growth; impact; investment; journal; level; nations; research; study; variables
• The impact of natural resource rents on environmental degradation in case of USA: The role of technological innovation and renewable energy consumption by Sarosh, Sarah ; Yen, Chang Mei (2024) - The impact of natural resource rents on environmental degradation in case of USA: The role of technological innovation and renewable energy consumption Sarah Sarosh1 Chang Mei Yen2 ( Corresponding Author) 1,2University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point, USA. Abstract This study explores the impact of natural resource rents on CO2 emissions in the presence of renewable energy consumption, technological innovation, and gross domestic product (GDP) in the case of the USA from 1990 to 2020. Keywords: carbon; co2 emissions; consumption; countries; development; energy; energy consumption; gdp; growth; impact; innovation; journal; rents; resource; resource rents; study
• Debt and sustainable poverty reduction: A case study of Dao ethnic women in the northern midlands and mountains region of Vietnam by Van, Quan Nguyen; Kieu, Jennifer Thao Linh (2025) - In the Northern Midlands and Mountains region of Vietnam, where agriculture serves as the primary livelihood for the Dao ethnic community, agricultural debt can have a profound influence on sustainable poverty reduction for Dao women (Barungi, 2022). Agricultural debt (AD) exhibits the strongest correlation (r = 0.666, p < 0.001), highlighting the critical impact of agricultural debt on poverty reduction, likely due to the community’s dependence on agriculture for income. Keywords: bank; dao; debt; development; income; journal; midlands; mountains; poverty; poverty reduction; reduction; region; vietnam; wedding; women; world

• External Debt, Exchange Rate, Foreign Investments and Economic Growth Inter-Relationships Further Empirical Evidence from Nigeria by Adedigba, Abina, Praise (2019) - Foreign investment to total exports ratio (FIVT) was revealed to have a positive (co-efficient of 0.002181) and an insignificant relationship (p-value 0.3904) with external debt to total exports ratio (RXDE), this means for every one percent increase in FIVT, (percentage of export that is been financed by foreign investment) there will be about 0.002181% increase in the percentage of export that is been used to finance external debt these result agrees with our apriori expectation stated in the model. This contradicts the findings of Ezirim et al. (2006) which stated that in Nigeria foreign debt have been used for capital accumulation, source of financing budget deficit. Keywords: country; debt; exchange; export; growth; investment; journal; nigeria; rate; relationship; study
• Impact of External Debt on Nigeria’s Foreign Reserve Portfolios by Ayunku, Peter E.; Markjackson, Dumani (2020) - Abstract This study examines the impact of external debt and external debt servicing on the international reserves of Nigeria. Keywords: External debt, External debt servicing, International reserves, Dual gap theory, Self-insurance theory, Nigeria. Keywords: data; debt; exchange; foreign; impact; international; journal; nigeria; rate; reserves; results; study
• Perceived Macroeconomic Factors and Stock Market Capitalization: Experience from the Nigerian Economy Perspective by Igoni, Suoye; Ogiri, Itotenaan Henry; Orlu, Lucky (2020) - Abstract The interference of perceived macroeconomic variables on stock market performance despite the continuous management of monetary and fiscal policies has raised eyes brow and motivated for this study. Further, ECM results reported that GDP remains significant variable that respond to stock market performance positively, while inflation responded negatively, while interest rate and external reserves are shown to responding and adjusting to trends in Stock Market Capitalization. Keywords: capitalization; exchange; inflation; interest; interest rate; journal; market performance; nigeria; performance; rate; relationship; results; stock market; study; test; variables
• Measuring the Stance of Monetary Policy in Vietnam: A Structural VAR Analysis by Thanh Ha, Le, (2015) - Finally, equation (8) describes that the innovations in the interest rate could be explain by some unobservable structural disturbances such as money demand shocks ( ); exchange rate shocks ( ); and monetary policy shocks ( ) within a given period. Overnight rate innovations as a measure of monetary policy shock in vector autoregression (Bank of Canada Working Paper). Keywords: exchange rate; inflation; interest rate; monetary; money; period; policy; rate; shocks; stance; variables; vietnam
• Monetary Policy Rule and its Performance under Inflation Targeting in Thailand by Taguchi, Hiroyuki; Wanasilp, Mesa (2018) - Section 3 reviews previous studies on the assessment of Thailand monetary policies and clarifies this paper’s contribution. 3. Literature Review and Contributions This section reviews previous studies on the assessment of Thailand monetary policy and clarifies this paper’s contributions. Keywords: exchange; inflation; inflation rate; policy; policy rule; rate; rule; study; targeting; thailand
• Dynamism in Economic Policies to Achieve Economic Stability: Evidence from Pakistan by Qayyum, Aaqib; Manzoor, Sadia (2018) - This study is one of the initiatives to analyze the dynamism of economic policies to achieve Pakistan's economic growth while controlling public taxes, government expenditures, broad money supply, inflation, and unemployment during a period of 1980-2017. Adam (1992) argued that policymakers should need to redefine economic policies in order to attain price stability in a country. Keywords: country; gdp; google; growth; journal; money; policies; policy; rate; supply; view
• Interaction of Monetary and Macro-prudential Policies: The Case of Jordan- Credit Gap as an Example by Obeid, Rami; Awad, Bassam (2018) - Price stability - the ultimate goal of monetary policy - does not guarantee economic stability in the absence of effective treatment of macro-financial risks that are within the tasks of macro-prudential policy. Keywords: Macro-prudential policy, monetary policy, countercyclical capital buffer, Credit gap. Keywords: banks; cbj; credit; credit gap; financial; interest; macro; monetary; policies; policy; policy instruments; rate; ratio; risks; stability; systemic
• Does Financial and Trade liberalization Drive Private Investment in Pakistan? by Hye, Qazi Muhammad Adnan; Lau, Wee-Yeap (2018) - Malaysia Abstract There is evidence in economic growth literature that private investment enhances economic growth of developing countries. However, previous studies have ignored the impact of trade and financial liberalization on private investment. Keywords: capital; credit; economic; google; google scholar; growth; investment; journal; liberalization; openness; pakistan; publisher; rate; real; run; scholar; trade; view
• An Analysis of the Behaviour of Prime Lending Rates in Sri Lanka by Perera, W. S. Navin (2018) - This paper examines the determinants of prime lending rates in Sri Lanka using weekly data from January 2004 to June 2013, while attempting to capture any asymmetries in prime rate changes to monetary policy decisions. Keywords: Prime lending rate, AWPR, Asymmetries, Persistence, Sri Lanka. Keywords: changes; data; hpcycleawpr; interest; lag; lending rate; liquidity; market; money; money market; policy; prime; rate; sri; wkavgliq
• How the GCC Economic Crises Effect Labor Migration: Evidence from Pakistan by Khan, Yasir; Mingyi, Wang (2018) - For sending country labor migration and the resulting remittances lead to increase incomes and poverty reduction, promote economic development and improved health and educational outcomes. Labor migration and its relationship to economic growth and employment have received increasing attention because of increasing demand for labor, higher salaries, economic and political stability. Keywords: countries; economic; gdp; inflation; journal; labor; labor migration; migration; pakistan; rate; relationship; unemployment
• The Relationship among Economic Growth, Trade, Unemployment, and Inflation in South Asia: A Vector Autoregressive Model Approach by Nguyen, Anh Tru (2018) - Export growth versus other variables as determinants of economic growth. The article aims to investigate the causal relationship among economic growth, exports, imports, unemployment, and inflation in five developing countries in South Asia for the last two decades (1997-2016) using a VAR model. Keywords: exports; growth; imports; inflation; level; rate; relationship; south; unemployment
• An Empirical Analysis of the Taylor Rule and Its Application to Monetary Policy: A Case for the United Kingdom and Euro Area by Bhattarai, Keshab; Carter, Matthew (2018) - Keywords: Interest rate rule, Taylor rule, Monetary policy, United Kingdom, Euro area. An empirical study of interest rate determination rules. Keywords: bank; gap; inflation; interest; interest rate; rate; rule; taylor
• Business Cycles and Financial Frictions under Money Growth Rule by Melesse, Wondemhunegn Ezezew (2019) - The maximization problem of the typical household is: 1 1 1 1 1 0, , , ( ) max 1 1 1 t t t t h j t t t jC N D S C D H                        The ex-post gross return on capital for firm j is 1 1 j K t tR   , where 1 j t  is an idiosyncratic shock specific to firm j‘s return and 1 K tR is the ex post aggregate return to capital. Keywords: bank; capital; credit; j j; j t; journal; k t; monetary; policy; rate; return; s t; t f; t q; t t;  
• Shocks to Monetary Policy Instruments: Does Credit to the Private Sector Respond in a Similar Manner to Public Sector Credit in Nigeria? A Vector Autoregressive Approach by Chile, Nzeh Innocent ; Uzoechina, Benedict I; Eze, Millicent Adanne ; Nwamaka, Ozoh Joan ; Victoria, Okoli Uju (2022) - The results of the variance decomposition show that other than shocks to itself, which was 100% in the first period, shocks to other variables influence private sector credit. Figure 3 shows that credit to the private sector experienced a marginal rise all through the sample period, indicating that private sector credit in the country is not encouraging. Keywords: credit; crr; journal; money; mpr; nigeria; period; policy; rate; sector; shocks; var;  
• Do Interest Rate and Inflation Matter for Exchange Rate Fluctuation in Bangladesh? An ARDL Approach by Chowdhury, Mamun (2022) - Keywords: Exchange rate, Inflation, Interest rate, ARDL model, Foreign exchange earnings, Bangladesh. Abstract This research explores the effects of inflation and interest rate on the nominal exchange rate in Bangladesh using data from 1980 to 2021. Keywords: bangladesh; exchange rate; increase; inflation; interest rate; journal; rate; run; value
• South Africa’s interest rate behaviour: Investigating the influence of the indicators of financial openness by Chile, Nzeh, Innocent ; Ogomegbunam, Okolie David ; Ibekwe, Okolie Jonathan; Chinedu, Izuogu Augustine (2023) - Financial openness has been accepted as a significant element in influencing domestic interest rate and other macroeconomic variables. On the other hand, financial openness influences domestic interest rate in some ways. Keywords: capital; impact; inflows; interest; interest rate; investment; journal; openness; rate; run; study
• Exchange rate innovation, global pandemic and stock market returns: Empirical evidence from ECOWAS countries by Omeje, Ambrose Nnaemeka ; Chukwu, Ndubuisi Obeka ; Mba, Augustine Jideofor (2024) - Abstract This study used the panel VAR impulse response function model and high-frequency monthly data from 2020M1 to 2021M12 to examine the response of innovations in the exchange rate and stock market returns to the COVID-19 pandemic in Economic Communities of West African States (ECOWAS). Again, the impact of the shocks of COVID-19 today on future stock market returns encourages the real conditions of stock market returns in ECOWAS countries. Keywords: countries; covid-19; ecowas; exchange; exchange rate; innovation; journal; market; market returns; pandemic; panel; rate; returns; stock; stock market; study
• Does Peso Depreciation or More Government Debt Affect Aggregate Output? The Case of Chile by Hsing, Yu; Phillips, Antoinette S; Phillips, Carl; Morgan, Yun-Chen (2019) - His results are consistent if different measures of real exchange rates or estimation methods are used. Real exchange rate and employment in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico. Keywords: chile; debt; gdp; government; journal; output; rate; ratio; real
• Monetary Policy Transmission Channels and Economic Growth in Nigeria by Marshal, Iwedi (2019) - Abstract This study empirically analyzes monetary policy transmission channels and economic growth in Nigeria using the vector auto regression model. This of course authorized the study to proceed with the co-integration test which revealed that there is a long run relationship between monetary policy transmission channels and economic growth in Nigeria. Keywords: channel; credit; journal; monetary; nigeria; period; policy; policy transmission; rate; transmission

• Fiscal Policy and Growth of Real Economic Activities in Nigeria (1980-2016) by Salako, Gbadebo; Oyeleke, Olusola Joel (2019) - Econometric analysis of the impact of fiscal policy variables on Nigeria's economic growth (1970-2009). Abstract Several empirical studies have investigated the effect of fiscal policy on various macroeconomic variables such as inflation, debts, interest rates, unemployment and growth (GDP) for diverse economies, using variant methods. Keywords: economic; effect; government; growth; journal; nigeria; policy; results; variables
• The Impact of Capital Inflows on Economic Growth in Nigeria: Empirical Evidence from Wavelet Coherence Technique by Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday (2020) - Though, the Two-Gap growth theory has been deployed by various researchers to propose economic growth and development, however, none of the studies have utilized the wavelet coherence technique to investigate the dynamics between capital inflows and GDP economic growth in the case of Nigeria. The ARDL techniques were utilized, and the author observed a negative link between FDI inflows and GDP growth whereas no significant interaction was found between foreign aid and economic growth. Keywords: aid; ardl; capital; causality; economic; fdi; gdp; growth; inflows; investment; journal; nigeria; run; test; variables
• Fiscal Policy and Balance of Payments in Nigeria by Etim, Inimino, Edet; Akpanabba, Brown, Uduakobong; Paul, Otubu, Osaretin (2020) - The outcome showed a weak association between fiscal policy variables and macroeconomic stability. Furthermore, the empirical work of Onuchuku et al. (2006) revealed a weak relationship between fiscal policy variables and macroeconomic stability. Keywords: account; balance; bops; capital; country; debt; economic; exchange; expenditure; government; income; journal; nigeria; payments; policy; tax
• Wealth Inequality, Governance and Economic Growth in China by Yong, Tian Aw (2020) - Taxation of wealthy individuals, inequality governance and corporate social responsibility. This study has predominantly investigated the impact of wealth inequality on economic growth (EG). Keywords: china; economic; governance; growth; impact; income; inequality; journal; wealth
• East Asian Trade Cooperation versus US and EU Protectionist Trends and their Association to Chinese Steel Exports by J, Tanoos, James (2017) - Serfati (2015) characterized the current state of global trade, including steel trade, as having “internal tensions among … government actors”. As such, there could be an economic rationale for China’s non-FTA partners to negotiate new, mutually beneficial FTA’s, especially if provisions in the recent FTA’s contributed to the rise in steel trade. Keywords: china; chinese; countries; economic; exports; fta; journal; new; partners; steel; trade; view
• The Japanese Asset Price Bubble: Evolvement and Consequences by Tomfort, Andre (2017) - As soon as the first crash wave had passed between 1989 and 1991, the country's past optimism changed into an excessive pessimism, which accelerated the decline in financial market prices. This led to further losses in investment demand and accelerated the decline in financial market prices. Keywords: asset; asset price; bubble; economic; economy; estate; housing; interest; japanese; land; market; paper; price; price bubble; stock; time; value
• Examining the Impact of Movements of the Commodity Price on the Value of the Baltic Dry Index during the COVID-19 Pandemic by Radivojevic, Nikola; Muhovic, Almir; Josimovic, Milica; Pimic, Miroslav (2021) - Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 References .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 71 mailto:radivojevic034@gmail.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://www.doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.67.72 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-4431 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2654 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-0237 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7848-440X https://www.doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.67.72 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-4431 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2654 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-0237 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7848-440X https://www.doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.67.72 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-4431 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2654 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-0237 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7848-440X https://www.doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.67.72 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-4431 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2654 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-0237 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7848-440X https://www.doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.67.72 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-4431 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2654 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-0237 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7848-440X https://www.doi.org/10.20448/journal.501.2021.82.67.72 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-4431 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1479-2654 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-0237 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7848-440X Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2021, 8(2): 67-72 68 © 2021 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Contribution of this paper to the literature This study contributes to the existing literature by revealing that different raw materials have different impacts on the value of the BDI, which indicates that, based on individual movements, the value of raw materials which composes the BDI cannot forecast its movement. Similar results were Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2021, 8(2): 67-72 69 © 2021 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group presented by Tsioumas & Papadimitriou (2016). Keywords: baltic; bdi; dry; economic; freight; index; journal; materials; relationship; results; value
• Growth effects of government expenditure in Nigeria: Does the level of corruption matter? by Iliyasu, Ibrahim; Muhammed, Ibrahim (2023) - Government expenditures, military spending and economic growth: Causality evidence from Egypt, Israel, and Syria. Government expenditure and economic growth in the EU: Long-run tendencies and short-term adjustment. Keywords: capital; corruption; economic; effect; expenditure; formation; gdp; government; government expenditure; growth; journal; level; nigeria; run; term
• External debt and economic growth: A study from the perspective of developing and emerging economies by Abbas , Shehzada Ghulam (2024) - 83 © 2024 by the author; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 11, No. 2, 83-91, 2024 ISSN(E) 2409-2622 / ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/ajeer.v11i2.6081 © 2024 by the author; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group External debt and economic growth: A study from the perspective of developing and emerging economies Shehzada Ghulam Abbas CERGE-EI, Politickych veznu 7, 110 00 Email: shehzadaghulam.abbas@cerge-ei.cz Abstract This study explores the relationship between economic growth and external debt for 24 highly indebted developing and 21 highly indebted emerging economies. Keywords: countries; debt; economic; economies; economy; gdp; growth; impact; investment; journal; study
• Testing the neutrality of money, labor, and capital in Pakistan's agriculture sector by Mulk, Waleed ; Ahmad, Shakil ; Younas, Waqar ; Ali, Syed Yawar (2024) - Lashkary and Kashani (2011) assessed the influence of monetary variables on economic growth in Iran. The impact of monetary variables on economic growth in Iran: A monetarists’ approach. Keywords: agr; economic; growth; inflation; journal; money; policy; run; study; supply; term; test; variables

• Inequality and Unemployment Management by Jung, Kwangsik (2015) - Median Incomes (US$ per household, at current prices) High income country Middle income country Low income country 2005 81718.3 10859.9 6600.2 2006 86520.1 12086 6789.7 2007 74736.7 14517.7 7651.5 2008 80019.4 17651.4 8960.1 2009 79804 16504.2 8629 2010 96811 19254.7 9128.2 2011 11562.1 22646.8 10011.3 2012 119550.1 24137.8 10247.5 Average 91847.5875 17207.3125 Correlation of the middle class sizes High income country Middle income country Low income country 2005 0.891349315 0.558145854 0.081098545 2006 0.852985495 0.570599265 0.125025219 2007 0.81352883 0.607218803 0.225812519 2008 0.864168942 0.687132048 0.162813883 2009 0.845014362 0.68883036 0.061711886 2010 0.845800916 0.583921509 0.251772797 2011 0.757251884 0.578693627 0.300136708 2012 0.715479671 0.531436074 0.293427904 Average 0.823197421 0.600747193 0.187724933 6. Keywords: class; countries; income; income countries; inequality; middle; unemployment
• FDI Impact on Employment Generation and GDP Growth in India by Kirti, Ratan; Prasad, Seema (2016) - 3. Employment Generation Scenario in India When we discuss about the trend of employment in India employment elasticity can be a very useful tool for analysis- Employment elasticity is a measure of the percentage change in employment associated with a 1 percentage point change in economic growth or we can say that 10 . Influence of FDI can be understood by the inferiority complex that almost all the South East Asian countries felt after the rapid growth of China and South Korea, there is no denying the fact that FDI inflow in China was one of the major factors responsible for this along with other reforms that took place during that period 5 . Keywords: countries; employment; fdi; gdp; generation; growth; india; investment; journal; research; sector
• Economic Growth of West African Countries and the Validity of Wagner’s Law: A Panel Analysis by Benedict, Udo, Aniefiok; Efefiom, Effiong, Charles; Ochagu, Ogar, Ohiama (2016) - Keywords: Government expenditure, Economic growth, Wagner law, Granger causality, Panel analysis and West Africa. The result reveals that, first, there is a bidirectional effect or relationship between government spending and economic growth in five West African countries, unidirectional causality flowing from government expenditure to economic growth in four countries, while unidirectional causality from economic growth to government expenditure were in two countries. Keywords: countries; economies; expenditure; government; government expenditure; granger; growth; income; law; version; wagner; west
• Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, and Environmental Degradation in OECD Countries by Kim, Dong Kyun (2020) - The world is governed by the issues of environmental degradation, climate control, pollutant emissions and other such phenomena due to the increasing dilapidation of environmental resources. In this scenario, the dependence on consumption patterns of energy, economic growth (EG), and environmental degradation (ED) have become the focus of many researchers and policymakers. Keywords: consumption; countries; degradation; energy; environmental; gdp; growth; journal; oecd; research; study
• Role of EKC and PHH in Determining Environment Quality and their Relation to Economic Growth of a Country by Zomorrodi, Ahmad; Zhou, Xiaoyan (2016) - Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: A survey. Results have shown that no clear conclusion can be determined as the role of EKC and PHH varies across economies, however both the theories are evident more in case of developing countries. Keywords: countries; curve; ekc; environmental; haven; hypothesis; income; kuznets; phh; pollution
• Financial Inclusion and Health Shocks: A Panel Data Analysis of 36 African Countries by Timothy, Popoola, Oladayo (2019) - Therefore, this paper investigates the impact of financial inclusion on health shocks in 36 African nations over the period of 2004 to 2016. However, little is known about the extent to which financial inclusion affects health shocks in Africa, where formal health insurance is hardly accessible and limited. Keywords: africa; average; countries; expectancy; health; inclusion; journal; life; longevity; shocks
• Trade opportunities in textiles between India and BRICS: A structural share-based analysis by Lalitha , N (2025) - Conclusions In this paper, trade complementarity is analyzed at the HS 2-digit classification level, not only in terms of average import share and export share of products falling under HS codes 50 to HS 63, but also in terms of CAGR in these shares. Research on the complementarity and comparative advantages of agricultural product trade between China and CEE countries—taking Poland, Romania, Czech republic, Lithuania and Bulgaria as examples. Keywords: china; complementarity; countries; exports; india; products; share; trade

• Health Expenditure, Health Outcomes and Economic Growth in Nigeria by Ogunjimi, Joshua Adeyemi; Adebayo, Adedeji Oluwatosin (2019) - Abstract This study examined the relationship among health expenditure, health outcomes and economic growth in Nigeria for the period between 1981 and 2017. The results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality tests showed a unidirectional causality running from health expenditure to infant mortality while there is no causality between real GDP and infant mortality; a unidirectional causal relationship running from health expenditure and real GDP to life expectancy and maternal mortality; and a unidirectional causal relationship running from real GDP to health expenditure. Keywords: causality; expectancy; growth; health; health expenditure; health outcomes; infant; journal; life; mortality; nigeria; relationship; test; ∑ ∑
• Dynamics of Demographic Structure and Economic Growth in Nigeria by Ogunjimi, Joshua Adeyemi; Oladipupo, Dauda Olarotimi (2019) - The literature is awash with several studies on the issues relating population growth, demographic structure and economic growth in different countries of the world: India (Prskawetz et al., 2007) Similarly, Nwosu et al. (2014) found that population growth has a significant impact on economic growth; and there is a unidirectional causality running from population growth to economic growth. Keywords: children; economy; force; growth; journal; labour; nigeria; population; population growth; relationship; run; structure; test
• Households’ Perception of Factors Influencing Agricultural Productivity in Ogoni Community: An Ordinal Logit Approach by Gabriel, Ojide Makuachukwu; E., Onyukwu Onyukwu; I., Ikpeze Nnaemeka (2015) - On the other hand, the result indicates that corporate social responsibility of oil firms towards cleaning of polluted land and water), oil spill and education attainment of household head are not among the significant determinants of agricultural productivity in Ogoni community. The p-values of the predictors indicate that for 0.05 alpha-level, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that government intervention towards cleaning of polluted land and water (GIcl), land degradation (LD), air pollution (AP) and household income have significant influence on household agricultural productivity in the community. Keywords: community; government; household; land; nigeria; ogoniland; oil; productivity; table; years
• Investment in Cocoa Planting and Rehabilitation by Cocoa Farmers in Nigeria by Segun, Olowolaju Philip (2016) - Investment decision in cocoa by cocoa farmers in the cocoa value chain are very important for the development of cocoa sector in Nigeria. Abstract The paper examined investment in cocoa planting and replanting by cocoa farmers in Nigeria. Keywords: age; cocoa; education; farmers; income; investment; journal; new; nigeria; planting; sector; years
• Power Sector Reforms and Electricity Supply Growth in Nigeria by Anwana, Edet Okon; Akpan, Boniface (2016) - These efforts saw the linkage of different towns to the national grid and the extension of electricity power to all the regions that made up Nigeria. Despite the abundance of electricity generation sources in Nigeria, electricity distribution network and voltage profile are very poor resulting to more that 50 percent of the populace living without electricity supply. Keywords: country; electricity; electricity supply; energy; generation; government; growth; market; nigeria; power; power sector; reforms; sector; study; supply; variables
• Causality between Government Expenditure and Government Revenue in Nigeria by Abdulrasheed, Balogun (2017) - indicating that changes in government expenditure triggered changes in government revenue. The Co-integration tests also revealed that there is existence of long run equilibrium relationships between government revenue and expenditure variables. Keywords: causality; error; expenditure; google; government; government expenditure; government revenue; journal; nigeria; public; publisher; relationship; revenue; scholar; view
• Analysis of the Effect of Private Healthcare Financing on Poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from Edo State by O, Olaniyi; Idris, Abubakar (2021) - This study has established that health financing, especially direct out-of-pocket payments, is a major public health challenge for the majority of households in Edo State who are low income earners. Income effect of health care financing. Keywords: financing; health; healthcare; income; journal; national; nigeria; pocket; respondents; spending; state; system

• Determinants of Technical Inefficiency of Saccos in Kenya: A Net Operating Cash Flows Output Slack Analysis by Lari, Leonard Rang’ala; NYangweso, Philip Mulama; Rono, Lucy Jepchoge (2017) - Magali (2014) concludes that there is no prior studies on Saccos in East Africa that have assessed the influence of regulation on Saccos performance while at the same time considering the impact of rural and urban areas’ location of Saccos on performance. Suggestions for Further Research The identified limitation to this study is in the area of drilling down to specific efficient Saccos using a similar approach of study to find out at micro level what actually influences the individual inefficient or efficient Saccos in the sector. Keywords: analysis; cash; credit; data; economics; inefficiency; journal; kenya; management; nocf; operatives; output; performance; regulation; research; result; saccos; slack; study; variables; view
• The Role of Services in Total Productivity Growth of Indian Manufacturing Firms: A Firm Level Analysis Since 2000 by Mukherjee, Sonia (2017) - Value-added: The Total value added of the firms has been calculated by taking the total sales of firms minus the value of materials minus the value of total services minus the value of energy inputs. Normally, this is the trend, where the primary sector witnesses a decline to be picked up by the manufacturing followed by service sector in the long run. Keywords: firms; group; growth; indian; manufacturing; manufacturing firms; productivity; productivity growth; results; sector; services; total; variables; view
• Early Warning of Bank Failure in the Arab Region: A Logit Regression Approach by Obeid , Rami (2022) - Using the logistic regression model to predict the performance of banks or anticipating the possibility of bank failure and build an early warning system, the study identified a few financial indicators such as Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR); Liquidity (LIQ); Cost to Income Ratio CIR; Return On. The results showed that financial soundness indicators (FSI) can be used efficiently to predict bank failure, that the variables of ROA and CAR had the greatest impact on the probability of the bank’s survival, while no statistical significance was seen for the GDP variable. Keywords: assets; bank; bank failure; banking; bankruptcy; failure; journal; ratio; regression; results; study; variables

• Randomness of Stock Return in Nigerian Banking Sector by G., OBISESAN Oluwaseun; L., AJAYI Boboye (2017) - Random walks in stock market prices. Stock market prices and the random walk hypothesis: Further evidence from Nigeria. Keywords: -2.862869; changes; hypothesis; market; price; reject; stock; test; unit; view; walk
• Export and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia: The Granger Causality Test by Alhakimi, Saif Sallam (2018) - This research will help identify factors that influence economic growth, namely the effect of export growth. It aims to establish whether exports have an effect on economic growth or whether economic growth drives export growth. Keywords: causality; exports; gdp; granger; growth; level; relationship; statistic; test
• Analyzing Short-Run and Long-Run Causality between FDI Inflows, Labor Productivity and Education in Pakistan by Serfraz, Ayesha (2018) - 36 Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 5, No. 1, 36-59, 2018 ISSN(E) 2409-2622/ ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/journal.501.2018.51.36.59 Analyzing Short-Run and Long-Run Causality between FDI Inflows, Labor Productivity and Education in Pakistan Ayesha Serfraz1 1Assistant Professor at University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan Abstract This study empirically analyzes the causal relationship between FDI inflows, labor productivity and education in case of Pakistan using time series data from 1971-2016. The present study concentrates only on labor productivity since Pakistan is a labor abundant country where provision of education is solely the responsibility of Government of Pakistan. Keywords: causality; education; fdi; frequency; journal; labor; labor productivity; level; non; pakistan; productivity; relationship; results; test; view; × ×
• Revisiting the Exports and Economic Growth Nexus: Rolling Window Cointegration and Causality Evidence from Cote d’Ivoire, Malaysia, Pakistan and South Africa by Keho, Yaya (2019) - Export growth and economic growth: An application of cointegration and error-correction modeling. Abstract This paper reexamines the relationship between exports and economic growth in Cote d’Ivoire, Malaysia, Pakistan and South Africa using time-varying cointegration and causality tests. Keywords: causality; exports; gdp; growth; hypothesis; journal; malaysia; relationship; results; rolling; south; test
• Demand for Imports and Components of Final Expenditure: An Empirical Study with Special Reference to the Korean Import Demand Function by Yoon, Il-Hyun; Seddighi, H. R. (2019) - Almost all of the above studies on the estimation of aggregate import demand have used total domestic income (GDP) and relative import price on the assumption that long-run elasticity of import demand relating to each component of aggregate demand is the same, thus using a single regressor to represent aggregate demand in the import is function. Several studies have also been done for import demand for Korea. Keywords: demand; error; expenditure; function; import demand; imports; journal; korea; run; test
• Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange Market: Operations and Efficiency by Tran, Van Nguyen Hong; Seddighi, Hamid R (2021) - Stock market prices do not follow random walks: Evidence from a simple specification test. Evidence from Vietnam stock market. Keywords: efficiency; event; hose; hypothesis; index; journal; market; ratio; returns; stock; stock market; study; test

• External Environmental Factors and Failure of Small and Medium Enterprises in Kano Metropolis by Abubakar, Salihu; Junaidu, Abubakar Sambo (2019) - This study notes that in Nigeria and Kano in particular, such research effort on failed SMEs has not yet been made, thus, this study investigates whether external environmental factors contribute to SMEs failure in Kano metropolis, in order to achieve the stated objective of the study; the following formulated hypothesis is proposed for testing: 1.1. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the external environmental factors determining SMEs failure in Kano metropolis through study of failed SMEs in order to fill this gap in the literature. Keywords: business; environmental; factors; failure; journal; kano; market; metropolis; smes; study
• The Impact of Innovation on Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Case Study of SMEs in Osun State by Ojekemi, Opeoluwaseun; Adebayo, Tomiwa Sunday (2020) - Keywords: E.O, Market innovation, Process innovation, Product innovation, SMEs, Regression technique. It is a multidimensional concept, it is defined as one that is “involves in product market innovation, take up somewhat ventures that are risky and is the lead to come up with ’proactive’ innovations, beating their competitors at what they do. Keywords: impact; innovation; journal; market; market innovation; orientation; process; product; research; study
• Fama-French Three Factors Model in Indian Mutual Fund Market by Santhi, N. S.; Gurunathan, K. Balanaga (2014) - Book to Market of Tax Saving Mutual Fund Schemes Tax saving mutual fund schemes Book to Market JM Tax Gain Fund 1.5916 Birla Sun Life Relief 96 0.9930 DWS Tax Saving Fund 0.8390 Birla Sun Life Tax Plan 0.7669 HSBC Tax Saver Equity Fund 0.7170 L&T Tax Saver Fund 0.7072 BNP Paribas Tax Advantage 0.6926 DSP Black Rock Tax Saver Fund 0.6324 Religare Tax Plan 0.5794 Kotak Tax Saver-Scheme 0.5775 JPMorgan India Tax Advantage fund 0.5724 IDFC Tax Advantage (ELSS) Fund 0.5353 Tax Saving Mutual Fund Schemes were established with the objective of inviting Indian Tax assessees into the stock market-oriented investment. Keywords: advantage; fund; market; plan; saver; saving; schemes; tax
• Applying a Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process to Demand Considerations of Households Opting for Mortgage Loans by Larbi-Siaw, Otu; Owusu-Akomeah, Michael; Amaning, Fiifi Okyere (2015) - It is against this backdrop that this study investigates factors considered by households before acquiring mortgage loans. If these factors are significantly improved, then, they can have a positive microeconomic impact on actual households demand for mortgage loans, in turn making the mortgage market a lucrative business. Keywords: economics; factors; finance; ghana; households; housing; income; journal; loan; market; method; mortgage; weight
• Volatility Transmission between Oil Prices and Stock Prices as a New Source of Instability: Lessons from the UK Experience by Robertson, John (2020) - 217 © 2020 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research Vol. 7, No. 2, 217-223, 2020 ISSN(E) 2409-2622 / ISSN(P) 2518-010X DOI: 10.20448/journal.501.2020.72.217.223 © 2020 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group Volatility Transmission between Oil Prices and Stock Prices as a New Source of Instability: Lessons from the UK Experience John Robertson University of Dundee, Dundee, UK. Keywords: VARFIMA; United Kingdom; Granger causality; Oil prices. Keywords: banks; industry; journal; market; oil; oil prices; prices; research; stock; study; transmission; volatility
• Mergers, Acquisitions and Market Concentration in the Banking Sector: The Case of Vietnam by Hang, Hoang Thi Thanh; Vy, Phan Dien; Bandaralage, Jay (2016) - (2) Secondly, we attempt to measure the degree of concentration of Vietnam banking market in relation to competitive market structure. Cross – Countries Comparison HHI of Vietnam banking system has tended to decrease gradually, moreover, the market concentration index of Vietnam banking market including HHI and group concentration index (CR) of 3,5 and 10 largest banks in the system are in the medium level in compared to other countries (Table 4). Keywords: banking; banking market; banking system; banks; commercial; concentration; m&a; market; sector; system; vietnam
• How Chinese State-Owned Enterprises Change Their Dynamics in New Product Innovation? by Zhao, Xiaomin; Lan, Ping (2017) - Raith (2003) found that product market competition promotes the effort level of management. The essential factor of enterprise innovation should be found in the essential market and the innovation products should come into reality by market products competition. Keywords: competition; enterprises; innovation; intensity; market; market competition; non; output; product; soes; value
• Yield Curve and Momentum Effects in Monthly U.S. Equity Returns: Some Nonparametric Evidence by Tyagi, Somya; Siddiqui, Sikandar (2017) - Since the Federal Reserve Bank can exert considerable influence on the slope of the yield curve by setting the short-term rates at which it provides liquidity to commercial banks, this finding has an important monetary policy implication: Monetary policy actions that have the primary objective of keeping inflation inside (or, at least, near) a pre-defined target range may have the unintended side effect of influencing the likely direction of future stock market returns or even abetting temporarily self-sustaining upward or downward trends in equity market prices. For stock market indexes and exchange trade funds, rather than individual shares, significant momentum effects have been reported, inter alia, by Asness et al. (1996); Richards (1997); Chan et al. (2000) and Tse (2015) among others. Keywords: curve; economics; google; google scholar; journal; market; momentum; publisher; regression; returns; scholar; stock; values; view; yield
• A Link between Oil Price and Stock Market Index: The Case of Three Countries by Katenova, Maya; Syzdykov, Zhanat (2018) - According to Huang et al. (1996) oil stock price can be linked with the stock market with the usage of equity pricing model. Abstract This study empirically explores the causal relationship between the stock market development and oil price in Russia, UK and Kazakhstan. Keywords: ftse; index; kase; market; oil; price; research; stock
• Stock Market Efficiency and Price Limits: Evidence from Korea’s Recent Expansion of Price Limits by Seddighi, H. R.; Yoon, Il-Hyun (2018) - Stock market prices do not follow random walks: Evidence from a simple specification test. This regime change of daily limits reinvigorated interest in the effect of stock price daily limits on the efficiency of stock markets. Keywords: efficiency; hypothesis; limits; market; price; price limits; ratio; regime; stock; stock market; tests; variance; walk
• Capital controls and capital flow volatility during global shocks: Indian experience by Kumar, Sujit (2023) - Literature Review This paper reviews two key strands of literature, the measurement of capital control using different types of qualitative survey data, and the role of capital controls in managing capital flows. Methodology This paper conducts two separate analyses to explore the intensity and shape of capital controls though an index and determine how capital control influences the capital flow volatility in India. Keywords: account; capital; capital controls; controls; economy; exchange; financial; gfc; index; india; inflows; journal; market; period; volatility

• A Methodological Note on the Construction of High Frequency Macroeconomic Series: Evidence from Tunisia by Salem, Hathroubi (2015) - The construction of high frequency series has been taken in the literature by Chow and Lin (1971), Denton (1971) and Fernandez (1981), and has been used by many economic institutions such as INSEE (France) Bournay and Laroque (1979), Banque de France (1986) the OECD. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2015, 2(1):47-51 49 Fernandez (1981) formulated the QLF method of Denton and the BLUE method of Chow-Lin as follows: we minimize a quadratic loss function in the difference between the series to be created X and a linear combination of high frequency series Z. Subject to the constraint . Keywords: data; frequency; gdp; journal; method; series

• The Role of Government Intervention as a Moderating Variable in the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Networks and Business Owners’ Performance in Jordan by Alhnaity, Haitham; Almuala, Ayed; Elmasri, Ali Kh (2018) - Furthermore, Table 3 reveals that the research model was capable of explaining 17.1% of the total variance in small business performance, indicating that exogenous variables (entrepreneurial networks and government intervention) jointly explain 17.1% of the dependent variable (small business owners’ performance). For the measurement of successful performance of small businesses, there are thus non-financial and financial criteria used and for their sustenance and performance, it is crucial for small business owners to promote their entrepreneurial spirit. Keywords: business; google; government; intervention; journal; networks; owners; performance; publisher; relationship; scholar; small; study; view

• Voluntary Environmental Regulations and Firm Innovation in China by Zhang, Shaojie (2020) - Environmental innovations and firm profitability: Unmasking the porter hypothesis. Lessons from innovation empirical studies in the manufacturing sector: A systematic review of the literature from 1993–2003. Keywords: china; environmental; ers; firms; impact; innovation; journal; performance; regulations; results; study; variable
• A Panel Data Analysis for Evaluating the Profitability of the Banking Sector in Bangladesh by Abedin, Md. Thasinul; Dawan, Md. Muzammel (2016) - Islam (2010) has examined the impact of bank size (measured in total assets, total loans and total deposits) on bank profit performance using OLS and found that bank sizes and bank profitability were positively related in Bangladesh (see also- (Bourke, 1989; Molyneux and Thornton, 1992; Loyd-Williams et al., 1994; Berger, 1995b; Angbazo, 1997; Iannotta et al., 2007; Pasiouras and Kosmidou, 2007; Naceur and Omran (2008) have found that bank specific characteristics such as credit risk and bank capital have positive and significant impact on bank profitability. Keywords: advances; bank; efficiency; google; growth; impact; investment; journal; loan; money; profitability; supply; view

• Health Insurance and the Demand for Medical Care: a Case Study from China by Guo, Zi-Yi (2017) - Meanwhile, people with some special occupations who live in the urban area are not protected by social health insurance and have the option to buy commercial health care insurance. A well-known explanation of this rapid increase has emphasized the spread of health insurance, since it has generated demand for both a higher quality and an increased quantity of medical services (Feldstein, 1971;1977). Keywords: care; demand; effect; health; hospital; incentive; insurance; selection; system; view
• Assessment of the Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) in the Nigerian Banking Industry by Udoka, Chris O; Orok, Akaninyene Billy (2017) - Keywords: Enterprise risk management, Government policy, Challenges faced by banks adoption of enterprise risk management. Again, devastating economic and financial crises in the world has demonstrated the importance of risk management to corporations and financial regulators globally. Keywords: adoption; banks; enterprise; enterprise risk; erm; google; journal; management; risk; risk management; scholar; study; view
• CEO’s Emotional Commitment Level and its Firm Capital Structure Choice: Decision Tree Analysis by Ali, AZOUZI Mohamed; Anis, JARBOUI (2018) - View at Google Scholar | View at Publisher https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=The%20measurement%20and%20antecedents%20of%20affective,%20continuance%20and%20normative%20commitment%20to%20the%20organization http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Affective,%20continuance%20and%20normative%20commitment%20to%20the%20organization:%20An%20examination%20of%20construct%20validity http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.0043 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=CEO%20emotional%20bias%20and%20capital%20structure%20choice:%20Bayesian%20network%20method https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Why%20CEO%20emotional%20biases%20affect%20firm%20assets%20specificity%20choice%20bayesian%20network%20method:%20The%20evidence%20from%20Tunisia https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=CEO%20emotional%20intelligence%20and%20firms%20financial%20policies:%20Bayesian%20network%20method http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.128 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Values%20and%20person-organization%20fit:%20Does%20moral%20intensity%20strengthen%20outcomes http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437731111099256 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Corporate%20strategy:%20Useful%20perspective%20for%20the%20study%20of%20capital%20structure? http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.1987.4306479 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=An%20empirical%20test%20of%20stakeholder%20theory%20predictions%20of%20capital%20structure http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3665696 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=The%20influence%20of%20institutional%20investors%20on%20opportunistic%20earnings%20management http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijaape.2008.020195 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=The%20role%20of%20change%20in%20the%20relationship%20between%20commitment%20and%20turnover:%20A%20latent%20growth%20modeling%20approach http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.3.468 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Enjoying%20the%20quiet%20life?%20Corporate%20governance%20and%20managerial%20preferences http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/376950 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Capital%20structures%20in%20developing%20countries https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=A%20citation%20trail%20review%20of%20the%20uses%20of%20firme%20size%20in,%20accounting%20research https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=The%20relationship%20between%20emotional%20intelligence%20and%20work%20attitudes,%20behavior%20and%20outcomes:%20An%20examination%20among%20senior%20managers http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02683940310511881 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Determinants%20of%20capital%20structure%20choice:%20A%20structural%20equation%20modeling%20approach http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2008.03.004 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=A%20simple%20approximation%20of%20Tobin's%20q http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3665623 http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3665623 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Explaining%20nascent%20entrepreneurs'%20goal%20commitment:%20An%20exploratory%20study http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2009.10593446 https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=The%20choice%20of%20accounting%20option%20for%20the%20transition%20to%20IAS/IFRS:%20What%20role%20of%20caution? https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&q=Dividends%20and%20expropriation http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.1.54 http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.91.1.54 Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 2018, 5(1): 65-78 77 Fairchild, R., 2009. This implies the presence of a positive relationship between internally generated resources preferences and CEO emotional commitment level. Keywords: capital; capital structure; ceo; choice; commitment; debt; decision; economics; equity; financial; financing; firm; google scholar; investment; journal; leader; level; organization; publisher; research; resources; structure; view
• Determinants of Technical Efficiency of Small Scale Sunflower Oil Processing Firms in Tanzania: One Stage Stochastic Frontier Approach by Njiku, Anastasia R.; Nyamsogoro, Ganka D. (2018) - In the same way, firm age, location, ownership type, age and education of the owner were found significant determinants of technical efficiency in sunflower oil processing firms in Tanzania. Moreover, there is limited empirical evidence in the academic literature on determinants of technical efficiency in sunflower oil processing firms. Keywords: age; efficiency; firms; oil; oil processing; owner; processing; processing firms; production; study; sunflower; sunflower oil; tanzania; technical; view

• Corporate Governance Structure and Institutional Investment: Evidence from a Developing Country by Nkem, Nwaiwu, Johnson (2014) - Based on the above mentioned questions, the foregoing discussion provides the context for three important hypotheses that track the influence between corporate governance structure and institutional investment, formulated in the null form, to wit: H01: Corporate governance structure does not have any significant effect on the value of institutional investors of quoted Nigerian companies. Introduction The relationship between corporate governance structure and institutional investment has evoked much interest among researchers. Keywords: audit; board; committee; companies; governance; governance structure; independence; influence; investment; investors; journal; nigerian; number; performance; research

• The Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on Bank Performance in Ghana by Musah, Alhassan; Abdulai, Mohammed; Baffour, Hilda (2020) - as it extends previous studies on the subject in the Ghanaian banking industry by examining the cause of mergers and acquisition as well as the processes adopted in these mergers and acquisitions in the banking industry in Ghana. It also excluded new mergers and acquisition such as the Absa Group acquisition of Barclays Bank Ghana Limited as well as First Atlantic bank because financial data for the pre and post-acquisition period were not available for these mergers and acquisitions. Keywords: acquisition; assets; banks; financial; ghana; journal; mergers; performance; profit; results; return; study
• Islamic Versus Conventional Banking: An Insight into the Malaysian Dual Banking System by Ali, Khurshid; Khan, Zeeshan; Saleh, Abdullah (2016) - Parallel to Islamic financial industry a robust conventional financial industry exists in Malaysia which has a catalyst role in the economic development of Malaysia and of course it enjoys several advantages over Islamic banks in Malaysia i.e. it has a relative long history and experience, wider presence, more avenues for investments and much more developed technologies and human resource etc. According to the independent t-test descriptive statistics, the result finds that conventional banks perform well than Islamic banks in the context profitability and efficacy ratios. Keywords: banking; banks; cbs; conventional; financial; ibs; islamic; journal; malaysia; mean; ratios; research; results

• Impact of Audit Committee Characteristics on Voluntary Disclosures: Evidence from Pakistan by Sheikh, Rida A. Ghaffar; ., Abdullah; Shah, Muhammad Hashim (2019) - The results suggest that size and independence of audit committee members have statistically significant effect on voluntary disclosure while, other independent variables do not have any significant effect. Keywords: Voluntary disclosure, Audit committee independence, Shareholders’ rights size of audit committee members, Audit committee independence, Listed companies of Pakistan. Keywords: audit; audit committee; committee; disclosure; firm; journal; level; members; size
• The Impact of Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure on Productivity Growth: A Panel Data Evidence from the UK Manufacturing Sector by Onyekwere, Sixtus Cyprian (2019) - Researchers arguing on this topic adopt different R&D data for investigation such as, R&D expenditure, R&D Patents and embodied R&D (intermediate and investment goods), depending on data availability. Our general conclusion is that there is still a positive relationship between R&D expenditure and productivity growth for the UK manufacturing industries, with R&D elasticity of about 0.07% at panel level and significant at 1 %. Keywords: data; expenditure; function; growth; industries; industry; level; manufacturing; production; productivity; r&d; research; studies

• Growth, Research & Development, and Uncertainty: An Empirical Analysis in Finland by Walters, Stephen (2020) - 1. Introduction Commonly, the growth of a country is inversely proportional to R&D uncertainty, as a high rate of R&D uncertainty results in a reduction in the rate of economic growth (EG) (Colak, Gungoraydinoglu, & Öztekin, 2018). A high rate of R&D uncertainty also results in deteriorating welfare levels, which affects the decisions of an organization. Keywords: capital; economy; finland; growth; journal; r&d; research; sector; study; uncertainty
• The Influence of Working Capital Management on the Profitability of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Tanzania by Kisyeri, Dickson Matiko ; Kira, Alex Reuben (2022) - This suggests that improving remuneration improves morale and job satisfaction, which leads to improved management of receivables and increased company profitability. 1. Introduction Working capital management (WCM) and company profitability are subjects that have attracted much attention around the world from academics and business companies (Nwakaego & Ikechukwu, 2016). Keywords: capital; capital management; cash; companies; dupont; expenses; influence; lmcs; management; profitability; study; working

• Effectiveness and Usefulness of Personal Tax Reliefs: A Study of Ghana Revenue Authority’s Domestic Tax Division by Agbemava, Edinam; Bediako, Albert K.; Nyarko, Israel Kofi (2016) - Keywords: Tax reliefs, Ghana, Revenue authority, Personal tax, the practical ways of enjoying tax reliefs 1.4. Keywords: data; ghana; gra; income; income tax; research; respondents; revenue; study; tax; tax payers; tax reliefs; taxes
• Impact of Milk Marketing Channel Choice Decision on Income, Employment and Breeding Technologies among Dairy Farmer Households in Kericho County, Kenya by Ng’eno, Elijah K. (2016) - Finally, based on the above calculation, the sample units (number of dairy farmers households) were calculated proportionately based on the number of dairy farmer households in each sub county and as a proportion of the total dairy farmers in the county against the desired sample size of 504 as shown in Table 3. However, there is relatively little evidence linking milk marketing channel choices to dairy farmer household income and employment outcomes in the study area. Keywords: buyers; channel; county; dairy; dairy farmer; data; employment; farmer; households; income; matching; milk; milk buyers; milk marketing; propensity; selling; study; treatment
• Measuring the Efficiency of Tertiary Care Hospitals and Medical Colleges in Punjab, an Application of Non- Parametric Approach DEA by Ihsan, Asima (2017) - Keywords: Data development analysis, Medical colleges efficiency, Hospitals efficiency, Tobit regression. Thus, the technique is well fitted for calculation of hospital efficiency. Keywords: analysis; care; colleges; data; dea; efficiency; health; hospitals; inputs; medical; punjab; scale; sector; teaching; total

• Analysis of Domestic versus Foreign Banks Efficiency in Pakistan by Afzal, Muhammad; Ejaz, Shelah; Ahmad, Shoaib (2019) - Fukuyama (1993) used the DEA approach to examine bank efficiency in 143 Japanese commercialbanks in 1990 using labor, capitaӏ and funds from customers as input variables and income from loansand other business activities as output variables. The choice of input-output variables in bank efficiency studies have significant impact on the result. Keywords: askari; bank; banking; dea; drs; efficiency; journal; pakistan; period; scale; sector; study

• Determinants of Liquidity and its Relationship with Profitability – The Case of Macedonian Banking Sector by Gjorgji, Gockov; Goran, Hristovski (2019) - Another benefit of this research is to add empirical evidence on the determinants of bank liquidity in the Macedonian banking sector, especially how profitability is correlated with and influencing the liquidity. Also, the empirical evidence can be used as a source of knowledge, bearing in mind the lack of studies that provide empirical evidence related to the bank liquidity – profitability correlation and determinants of banks liquidity in the Macedonian banking sector. Keywords: assets; bank; banking; central; determinants; interest; journal; liquidity; macedonian; profitability; system

• Impacts of Human Resource Management on the Financial Performance of Vietnam Joint Stock Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade by Ha, Van Dung; Nguyen, Quoc Buu; Tran, Hai Nam (2020) - After the analysis and evaluation of the reliability of the scales, it is concluded that 41 scales (including variables of dependent and independent factors) are all eligible, except for the T5, T6 (of Training factors), JD4 (of Job description factor), PA6, PA7 (of Performance Appraisal factors), CS5 (of Compensation System factors), CP5, CP6, CP7 (of Career Planning factors), FP4, FP5 (of Financial Performance factors). The results showed that 41 analyzed scales (including the scales of dependent and independent factors) all met the requirements, except for the scales T5, T6 (Training factors), JD4 (Job description factor), PA6 and PA7 (Performance Appraisal factors), CS5 (Compensation System factor), CP5, CP6, CP7 (Career Planning factors), FP4, FP5 (Financial Performance factors). Keywords: analysis; factors; job; management; performance; resource; system; training
• Performance Evaluation of UK Acquiring Companies in the Pre and Post-Acquisitions Periods by Ali, Khurshid; Khan, Zeeshan; Khan, Numan; Alsubaie, Abdul-Hamid Ibrahim; Subhan, Fazal; Kanadil, Moumen (2016) - In the context of UK market merger and acquisition is being viewed as the major strategic tool through which companies can gain short-term financial gains for shareholders. This trend was fueled by many determinants however the more encouraging determinant of M&A for UK companies was to acquire more market share in order to gain long term financial objectives as well as to maintain global presence in order to remain competitive (Jansson et al., 1994). Keywords: acquisition; companies; creation; financial; firms; merger; performance; period; result; shareholders; short; term; value
• Specialist CEOs versus Generalist CEOs: CEO Type and Firm Performance Following Initial Public Offerings on the Chinese Market by Hua , Wei (2022) - Panel A. Regression of generalist CEO and compensation Variable (1) (2) Coefficient Hazard ratio Coefficient Hazard ratio Generalist CEO 0.082 (0.29) 1.085 0.545*** (0.15) 1.725 Generalist CEO*Ln(compensation) 0.053* (0.03) 1.055 Generalist CEO*base salary -0.000 (0.00) 1.000 Diversification -0.012** (0.01) 0.988 -0.012** (0.01) 0.988 Log(firm age) -0.166 (0.11) 0.847 The results of the Cox proportional hazards model reveal that companies with a generalist CEO have a higher probability of failing than companies with a specialist CEO, which suggests that generalist CEOs pursue higher salaries and higher reputations through switching between different industries and firms. Keywords: ceo; ceos; coefficient; dummy; failure; firm; generalist; generalist ceo; ipo; journal; number; panel; performance; ratio; specialist; specialist ceo; tier

• Influential factors of online purchase intention in the financial industry: A perspective from an emerging economy by Wen , Shimei (2025) - The COVID-19 pandemic and the imperative of social distancing have further accelerated the adoption of online financial services. However, unlike tangible goods, online financial services are intangible. Keywords: behavior; consumer; financial; intention; journal; online; product; purchase; purchase intention; reputation; research; risk; services; trust; value
• Measuring the financial health using the Altman Z-score model: A case study on listed banks in Bangladesh by Hasan, Md. Tamim ; Ara, Rownok (2025) - Financial health score of 36 listed banks. Nonetheless, the Z-score remains a crucial metric in financial analysis, particularly for its simplicity and effectiveness in providing early warnings of financial distress. Keywords: avg; bank; financial; score; x4 z; year

• Dealing with Demand Heterogeneity on Health Care Provider Choice – The Case of Rural China by Audibert, Martine; He, Yong; Mathonnat, Jacky (2020) - Therefore, choice heterogeneity based on price and distance could be expected to be lower with population aging. Another factor that affects choice heterogeneity is population aging. Keywords: choice; demand; distance; effect; healthcare; heterogeneity; income; journal; mmnl; mnl; patients; price

• Not all investors are the same: Evidence from investor holdings of local-currency debt in Indonesia by Hosny , Amr (2024) - An advantage of the ARDL procedure is that it is applied irrespective of the time- series properties of the regressors.4 In estimating the models, we use information criteria to select the optimum lag.5 Results point to the importance of global factors especially for nonresidents, while domestic investor holdings are mostly associated with higher debt Security issuances, and BI acts as a residual financier under adverse conditions. How do global investors differentiate between sovereign risks? Keywords: bond; debt; factors; global; holdings; indonesia; investors; journal; paper

• An Exploration of Sustainable Customer Value and the Procedure of the Intelligent Digital Content Analysis Platform for Big Data Using Dynamic Decision Making by Wang, Shen-Tsu (2016) - Abstract The dynamic Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (PZB) service quality model is applied in the analysis of different customer clusters of sustainable customer value, while considering enterprise sustainability, customer relationship management (CRM), and customer equity of customer satisfaction and customer value. Based on intelligent digital content analysis and the recommendation platform of the different customer clusters of sustainable customer value, the dynamic six-sigma method is applied to the leisure agriculture of sustainable key resources and procedures solutions, as well as the impact of environmental and social costs and benefits. Keywords: agriculture; analysis; content; customer; decision; et al; journal; leisure; making; management; multi; value

• Teacher Perceptions of Factors that Cause High Levels of Stress: The Case of the Zimbabwean Rural Primary School Teachers by Machingambi, Zadzisai; Ngwaru, Kumbirai, C.; Musingafi, Maxwell Constantine Chando (2014) - HO5: There is no significant difference in teacher perceptions of factors that cause high stress levels among teachers in different operational areas of the primary education sector. Calculation of x2 for teacher perceptions of factors that cause high stress levels according to length of teaching experience. Keywords: cause; factors; levels; perceptions; stress; study; teacher; teacher perceptions

• Determinants of Demand for Credit: A Conceptual Review by Kofarmata, Yusuf Ibrahim; Applanaidu, Shri Dewi; Hassan, Sallahuddin (2016) - Formal and informal credit markets and rural credit demand in China. An empirical investigation of rationing constraints in rural credit markets in India. Keywords: credit; demand; economics; household; journal; loan; study

• Instability in Rice Production in Gujarat: A Decomposition Analysis by Singh, Narendra; Dikshit, A K; Reddy, B S; Kuthe, Surendra B. (2014) - Rice production is confined to South and Middle Gujarat representing the Agro-climatic Zones, I, II and III. The scope for expanding rice production lies in enhancing productivity. Keywords: area; districts; production; productivity; rice; state
• Labour Utilization and Productivity of Primary Health Care Programmes of Beneficiaries in North-East Benue, Nigeria by P.I., Ater; I.U., Odoemenem; I.I., Ama (2016) - The result on the number of man hours utilized on the farm by sampled respondents per working day shows that the average response for sampled beneficiaries is 9 hours per working day, while that for sampled non beneficiaries is 6 hours per working day, indicating that beneficiary respondents worked for more hours when compared to non beneficiary respondents. The result indicates that greater majority of sampled beneficiary and non beneficiary respondents worked on their farms between 5-8 hours in a day, the result further implies that greater percentage (61%) of sampled beneficiary respondent worked for longer number of hours when compared to non beneficiaries probably because they are healthier and have benefited so well from primary healthcare initiatives in the area. Keywords: beneficiaries; beneficiary; farm; health; labour; non; number; productivity; respondents; times

• Housing Consumption of the “Soon-to-Retire” in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Regression Analysis by Jayantha, Wadu Mesthrige; Abeydeera, Lebunu Hewage Udara Willhelm (2019) - The main objective of this study is to explore the significant determinants of housing consumption of the „soon-to-retire‟ group and suggest an explanation for their underlying dynamics. Based on a sample survey data, a cross-sectional regression model is employed to identify significant determinants that influence housing consumption of this group. Keywords: age; consumption; group; health; hong; hong kong; household; housing; housing consumption; journal; kong; person; status; study

• Tax devolution and discriminatory effects on southern India by K , Murugan (2025) - During the 10th Finance Commission, the focus was predominantly on tax devolution, with tax shares accounting for 91 percent of total transfers (₹206,343 crore), while FC grants represented only 9 percent (₹20,300.3 crore). During the 10th FC (2005-2010), the focus was primarily on tax devolution, allocating 91 percent of transfers to tax shares and only 9 percent to grants. Keywords: 15th; commission; devolution; finance; finance commission; grants; percent; share; states; tax

• Human Resource Planning Management and Their Improving Method by Jahanian, Ramezan; Modaresi, Maryam (2014) - Human resource planning considered a effort that predicting the future of firm as an environmental demands and provide using condition of human resource for performing and meeting its need. human resource planning is process that put one organization in suitable place by having number and correct kind of human resource and could do it in a effective method and reach to the total purpose of organization. Keywords: method; organization; planning; resource

• An Exploration of Trend in Internet Usage and Perception of Information Credibility among Indian Post Graduate Students by Rai, Sandhya (2014) - The Pattern of Usage of Internet When the students were asked how frequently they access internet, 90.5% says that on daily basis whereas only 1.8% students use the net once a week. Internet use among college students: Are there differences by race/ethnicity? Keywords: association; gender; information; internet; students; study; use

Epilogue

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Created: 2025-12-23