id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
edu-5488	1	1	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	1	2	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	1	3	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	1	4	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	1	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	1	6	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	1	7	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	1	8	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	1	9	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	1	10	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	1	11	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	1	12	publishing	publishing	PROPN
edu-5488	1	13	group	group	PROPN
edu-5488	1	14	asian	asian	PROPN
edu-5488	1	15	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	1	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	1	17	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	1	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	1	19	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	1	20	vol	vol	NOUN
edu-5488	1	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	2	1	10	10	NUM
edu-5488	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	2	3	no	no	INTJ
edu-5488	2	4	.	.	NOUN
edu-5488	2	5	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	2	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	2	7	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	2	8	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	2	9	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	2	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	2	11	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	2	12	issn(e	issn(e	NOUN
edu-5488	2	13	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	2	14	2519	2519	NUM
edu-5488	2	15	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	2	16	5387	5387	NUM
edu-5488	2	17	doi	doi	NOUN
edu-5488	2	18	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	2	19	10.20448	10.20448	NUM
edu-5488	2	20	/	/	SYM
edu-5488	2	21	edu.v10i1.5488	edu.v10i1.5488	PROPN
edu-5488	3	1	©	©	PROPN
edu-5488	3	2	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	3	3	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	3	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	3	5	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	3	6	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	3	7	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	3	8	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	3	9	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	3	10	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	3	11	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	3	12	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	3	13	improve	improve	VERB
edu-5488	3	14	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	3	15	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	3	16	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	3	17	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	3	18	’s	’s	PART
edu-5488	3	19	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	3	20	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	3	21	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	3	22	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	3	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	3	24	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	3	25	ibrahim	ibrahim	PROPN
edu-5488	3	26	yasar	yasar	PROPN
edu-5488	4	1	kazu1	kazu1	PROPN
edu-5488	4	2	murat	murat	PROPN
edu-5488	4	3	kuvvetli2	kuvvetli2	PROPN
edu-5488	5	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	5	2			PROPN
edu-5488	5	3	corresponding	correspond	VERB
edu-5488	5	4	author	author	NOUN
edu-5488	5	5	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	5	6	1department	1department	NUM
edu-5488	5	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	5	8	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	5	9	science	science	NOUN
edu-5488	5	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	5	11	faculty	faculty	NOUN
edu-5488	5	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	5	13	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	5	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	5	15	fırat	fırat	PROPN
edu-5488	5	16	university	university	PROPN
edu-5488	5	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	5	18	elazig	elazig	PROPN
edu-5488	5	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	5	20	turkey	turkey	PROPN
edu-5488	5	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	6	1	email	email	NOUN
edu-5488	6	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	6	3	iykazu@firat.edu.tr	iykazu@firat.edu.tr	PROPN
edu-5488	6	4	2ministry	2ministry	NUM
edu-5488	6	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	6	6	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	6	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	6	8	yahya	yahya	PROPN
edu-5488	6	9	kemal	kemal	PROPN
edu-5488	6	10	beyatlı	beyatlı	PROPN
edu-5488	6	11	anatolian	anatolian	PROPN
edu-5488	6	12	high	high	ADJ
edu-5488	6	13	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	6	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	6	15	english	english	ADJ
edu-5488	6	16	teacher	teacher	NOUN
edu-5488	6	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	6	18	elazig	elazig	PROPN
edu-5488	6	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	6	20	turkey	turkey	PROPN
edu-5488	6	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	7	1	email	email	NOUN
edu-5488	7	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	7	3	murat4595@gmail.com	murat4595@gmail.com	X
edu-5488	8	1	abstract	abstract	ADJ
edu-5488	8	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	8	3	purpose	purpose	NOUN
edu-5488	8	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	8	5	this	this	DET
edu-5488	8	6	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	8	7	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	8	8	to	to	PART
edu-5488	8	9	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
edu-5488	8	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	8	11	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	8	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	8	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	8	14	's	's	PART
edu-5488	8	15	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	8	16	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	8	17	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	8	18	methodology	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	8	19	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	8	20	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	8	21	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	8	22	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	8	23	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	8	24	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	8	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	8	26	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	8	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	8	28	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	8	29	also	also	ADV
edu-5488	8	30	examining	examine	VERB
edu-5488	8	31	the	the	DET
edu-5488	8	32	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	8	33	attributes	attribute	NOUN
edu-5488	8	34	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	8	35	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	8	36	contributing	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	8	37	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	8	38	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	8	39	success	success	NOUN
edu-5488	8	40	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	8	41	exploring	explore	VERB
edu-5488	8	42	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	8	43	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	8	44	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	8	45	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	8	46	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	8	47	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	8	48	optimization	optimization	NOUN
edu-5488	8	49	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	9	1	given	give	VERB
edu-5488	9	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	9	3	growing	grow	VERB
edu-5488	9	4	prevalence	prevalence	NOUN
edu-5488	9	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	9	6	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	9	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	9	8	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	9	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	9	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	9	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	9	12	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	9	13	meticulously	meticulously	ADV
edu-5488	9	14	scrutinizes	scrutinize	VERB
edu-5488	9	15	the	the	DET
edu-5488	9	16	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	9	17	attributes	attribute	NOUN
edu-5488	9	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	9	19	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	9	20	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	9	21	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	9	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	9	23	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	9	24	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	9	25	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	9	26	the	the	DET
edu-5488	9	27	refinement	refinement	NOUN
edu-5488	9	28	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	9	29	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	9	30	fluency	fluency	NOUN
edu-5488	9	31	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	10	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	10	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	10	3	employs	employ	VERB
edu-5488	10	4	a	a	DET
edu-5488	10	5	mixed	mixed	ADJ
edu-5488	10	6	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	10	7	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	10	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	10	9	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	10	10	phenomenological	phenomenological	ADJ
edu-5488	10	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	10	12	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	10	13	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	10	14	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	10	15	a	a	DET
edu-5488	10	16	pre	pre	ADJ
edu-5488	10	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	10	18	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	10	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	10	20	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	10	21	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	10	22	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	10	23	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	10	24	a	a	DET
edu-5488	10	25	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	10	26	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	10	27	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	10	28	supported	support	VERB
edu-5488	10	29	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	10	30	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	10	31	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	10	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	11	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	11	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	11	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	11	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	11	5	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
edu-5488	11	6	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	11	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	11	8	assimilating	assimilate	VERB
edu-5488	11	9	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	11	10	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	11	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	11	12	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	11	13	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	11	14	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	11	15	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	11	16	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	11	17	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	11	18	to	to	PART
edu-5488	11	19	expedite	expedite	VERB
edu-5488	11	20	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	11	21	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
edu-5488	11	22	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	11	23	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	11	24	multifarious	multifarious	ADJ
edu-5488	11	25	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	11	26	landscapes	landscape	NOUN
edu-5488	11	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	12	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	12	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	12	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	12	4	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	12	5	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	12	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	12	7	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	12	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	12	9	continuously	continuously	ADV
edu-5488	12	10	adapting	adapt	VERB
edu-5488	12	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	12	12	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	12	13	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	12	14	to	to	PART
edu-5488	12	15	leverage	leverage	VERB
edu-5488	12	16	emerging	emerge	VERB
edu-5488	12	17	technologies	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	12	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	12	19	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	12	20	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	12	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	12	22	order	order	NOUN
edu-5488	12	23	to	to	PART
edu-5488	12	24	foster	foster	VERB
edu-5488	12	25	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	12	26	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	12	27	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	12	28	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	12	29	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	12	30	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	12	31	contexts	contexts	NOUN
edu-5488	12	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	13	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	13	2	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	13	3	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	13	4	prospective	prospective	ADJ
edu-5488	13	5	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
edu-5488	13	6	advocate	advocate	VERB
edu-5488	13	7	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	13	8	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
edu-5488	13	9	investigations	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	13	10	delving	delve	VERB
edu-5488	13	11	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	13	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	13	13	enduring	endure	VERB
edu-5488	13	14	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	13	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	13	16	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	13	17	gamebased	gamebase	VERB
edu-5488	13	18	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	13	19	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	13	20	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	13	21	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	13	22	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	13	23	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	13	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	13	25	necessitating	necessitate	VERB
edu-5488	13	26	comparative	comparative	ADJ
edu-5488	13	27	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
edu-5488	13	28	to	to	PART
edu-5488	13	29	ascertain	ascertain	VERB
edu-5488	13	30	the	the	DET
edu-5488	13	31	comparative	comparative	ADJ
edu-5488	13	32	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	13	33	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	13	34	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	13	35	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	13	36	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	13	37	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	13	38	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	13	39	distinct	distinct	ADJ
edu-5488	13	40	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	13	41	proficiencies	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	13	42	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	14	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	14	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	14	3	probing	probe	VERB
edu-5488	14	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	14	5	influence	influence	NOUN
edu-5488	14	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	14	7	individual	individual	ADJ
edu-5488	14	8	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	14	9	attributes	attribute	NOUN
edu-5488	14	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	14	11	predilections	predilection	NOUN
edu-5488	14	12	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	14	13	optimizing	optimize	VERB
edu-5488	14	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	14	15	utilization	utilization	NOUN
edu-5488	14	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	14	17	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	14	18	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	14	19	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	14	20	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	14	21	could	could	AUX
edu-5488	14	22	yield	yield	VERB
edu-5488	14	23	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	14	24	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	14	25	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	14	26	tailoring	tailor	VERB
edu-5488	14	27	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	14	28	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	14	29	paradigms	paradigm	NOUN
edu-5488	14	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	15	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
edu-5488	15	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	15	3	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	15	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	15	5	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	15	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	15	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	15	8	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	15	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	15	10	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN
edu-5488	15	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	15	12	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	15	13	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	15	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	15	15	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	15	16	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	15	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	16	1	citation	citation	NOUN
edu-5488	16	2	|	|	PROPN
edu-5488	16	3	kazu	kazu	PROPN
edu-5488	16	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	16	5	i.	i.	PROPN
edu-5488	16	6	y.	y.	PROPN
edu-5488	16	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	16	8	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	16	9	kuvvetli	kuvvetli	PROPN
edu-5488	16	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	16	11	m.	m.	NOUN
edu-5488	16	12	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	16	13	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	16	14	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	16	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	17	1	improve	improve	VERB
edu-5488	17	2	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	17	3	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	17	4	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	17	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	17	6	’s	’s	PART
edu-5488	17	7	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	17	8	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	17	9	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	17	10	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	17	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	17	12	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	17	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	1	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	18	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	18	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	18	4	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	18	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	18	6	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	18	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	8	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	18	9	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	11	62–75	62–75	NUM
edu-5488	18	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	13	10.20448	10.20448	NUM
edu-5488	18	14	/	/	SYM
edu-5488	18	15	edu.v10i1.5488	edu.v10i1.5488	PROPN
edu-5488	18	16	history	history	NOUN
edu-5488	18	17	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	18	received	receive	VERB
edu-5488	18	19	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	20	10	10	NUM
edu-5488	18	21	january	january	NOUN
edu-5488	18	22	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	18	23	revised	revise	VERB
edu-5488	18	24	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	25	28	28	NUM
edu-5488	18	26	february	february	NOUN
edu-5488	18	27	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	18	28	accepted	accept	VERB
edu-5488	18	29	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	30	8	8	NUM
edu-5488	18	31	march	march	NOUN
edu-5488	18	32	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	18	33	published	publish	VERB
edu-5488	18	34	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	35	21	21	NUM
edu-5488	18	36	march	march	NOUN
edu-5488	18	37	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	18	38	licensed	license	VERB
edu-5488	18	39	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	40	this	this	DET
edu-5488	18	41	work	work	NOUN
edu-5488	18	42	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	18	43	licensed	license	VERB
edu-5488	18	44	under	under	ADP
edu-5488	18	45	a	a	DET
edu-5488	18	46	creative	creative	ADJ
edu-5488	18	47	commons	common	NOUN
edu-5488	18	48	attribution	attribution	NOUN
edu-5488	18	49	4.0	4.0	NUM
edu-5488	18	50	license	license	NOUN
edu-5488	18	51	publisher	publisher	NOUN
edu-5488	18	52	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	53	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	18	54	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	18	55	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	18	56	publishing	publishing	PROPN
edu-5488	18	57	group	group	PROPN
edu-5488	18	58	funding	funding	NOUN
edu-5488	18	59	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	18	60	this	this	DET
edu-5488	18	61	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	18	62	received	receive	VERB
edu-5488	18	63	no	no	DET
edu-5488	18	64	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	18	65	financial	financial	ADJ
edu-5488	18	66	support	support	NOUN
edu-5488	18	67	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	19	1	institutional	institutional	ADJ
edu-5488	19	2	review	review	PROPN
edu-5488	19	3	board	board	NOUN
edu-5488	19	4	statement	statement	NOUN
edu-5488	19	5	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	19	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	19	7	ethical	ethical	ADJ
edu-5488	19	8	committee	committee	PROPN
edu-5488	19	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	19	10	firat	firat	PROPN
edu-5488	19	11	university	university	PROPN
edu-5488	19	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	19	13	turkey	turkey	PROPN
edu-5488	19	14	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	19	15	granted	grant	VERB
edu-5488	19	16	approval	approval	NOUN
edu-5488	19	17	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	19	18	this	this	DET
edu-5488	19	19	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	19	20	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	19	21	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	19	22	march	march	NOUN
edu-5488	19	23	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	19	24	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	19	25	ref	ref	NOUN
edu-5488	19	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	20	1	no	no	INTJ
edu-5488	20	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	21	1	e-97132852	e-97132852	PROPN
edu-5488	21	2	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	21	3	302.14.01	302.14.01	PROPN
edu-5488	21	4	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	21	5	103987	103987	NUM
edu-5488	21	6	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	21	7	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	22	1	transparency	transparency	NOUN
edu-5488	22	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	22	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	22	4	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	22	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
edu-5488	22	6	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	22	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	22	8	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
edu-5488	22	9	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	22	10	an	an	DET
edu-5488	22	11	honest	honest	ADJ
edu-5488	22	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	22	13	accurate	accurate	ADJ
edu-5488	22	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	22	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	22	16	transparent	transparent	ADJ
edu-5488	22	17	account	account	NOUN
edu-5488	22	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	22	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	22	20	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	22	21	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	22	22	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	22	23	no	no	DET
edu-5488	22	24	vital	vital	ADJ
edu-5488	22	25	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	22	26	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	22	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	22	28	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	22	29	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	22	30	been	be	AUX
edu-5488	22	31	omitted	omit	VERB
edu-5488	22	32	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	22	33	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	22	34	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	22	35	any	any	DET
edu-5488	22	36	discrepancies	discrepancy	NOUN
edu-5488	22	37	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	22	38	the	the	DET
edu-5488	22	39	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	22	40	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	22	41	planned	plan	VERB
edu-5488	22	42	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	22	43	been	be	AUX
edu-5488	22	44	explained	explain	VERB
edu-5488	22	45	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	23	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	23	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	23	3	followed	follow	VERB
edu-5488	23	4	all	all	DET
edu-5488	23	5	ethical	ethical	ADJ
edu-5488	23	6	practices	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	23	7	during	during	ADP
edu-5488	23	8	writing	writing	NOUN
edu-5488	23	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	24	1	competing	compete	VERB
edu-5488	24	2	interests	interest	NOUN
edu-5488	24	3	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	24	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	24	5	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	24	6	declare	declare	VERB
edu-5488	24	7	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	24	8	they	they	PRON
edu-5488	24	9	have	have	VERB
edu-5488	24	10	no	no	DET
edu-5488	24	11	competing	compete	VERB
edu-5488	24	12	interests	interest	NOUN
edu-5488	24	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	1	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	25	2	’	’	PART
edu-5488	25	3	contributions	contribution	NOUN
edu-5488	25	4	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	5	supervision	supervision	NOUN
edu-5488	25	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	7	conceptualization	conceptualization	NOUN
edu-5488	25	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	9	validation	validation	NOUN
edu-5488	25	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	11	original	original	ADJ
edu-5488	25	12	draft	draft	NOUN
edu-5488	25	13	preparation	preparation	NOUN
edu-5488	25	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	15	writing	write	VERB
edu-5488	25	16	–	–	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	17	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	25	18	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	25	19	editing	editing	NOUN
edu-5488	25	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	21	formal	formal	ADJ
edu-5488	25	22	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	25	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	24	i.y.k	i.y.k	NOUN
edu-5488	25	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	26	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	27	investigation	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	25	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	29	methodology	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	25	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	31	project	project	NOUN
edu-5488	25	32	administration	administration	NOUN
edu-5488	25	33	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	34	resources	resource	NOUN
edu-5488	25	35	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	36	software	software	NOUN
edu-5488	25	37	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	38	visualization	visualization	NOUN
edu-5488	25	39	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	40	data	data	NOUN
edu-5488	25	41	curation	curation	NOUN
edu-5488	25	42	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	43	funding	funding	NOUN
edu-5488	25	44	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	25	45	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	25	46	m.k	m.k	PROPN
edu-5488	25	47	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	26	1	both	both	DET
edu-5488	26	2	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	26	3	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	26	4	read	read	VERB
edu-5488	26	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	26	6	agreed	agree	VERB
edu-5488	26	7	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	26	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	26	9	published	publish	VERB
edu-5488	26	10	version	version	NOUN
edu-5488	26	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	26	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	26	13	manuscript	manuscript	NOUN
edu-5488	26	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	27	1	contents	content	NOUN
edu-5488	27	2	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	27	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	28	1	introduction	introduction	NOUN
edu-5488	28	2	...................................................................................................................................................................................................	...................................................................................................................................................................................................	PROPN
edu-5488	29	1	63	63	NUM
edu-5488	29	2	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	29	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	29	4	literature	literature	PROPN
edu-5488	29	5	review	review	PROPN
edu-5488	29	6	.........................................................................................................................................................................................	.........................................................................................................................................................................................	PROPN
edu-5488	30	1	65	65	NUM
edu-5488	30	2	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	30	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	30	4	method	method	PROPN
edu-5488	30	5	.............................................................................................................................................................................................................	.............................................................................................................................................................................................................	PROPN
edu-5488	30	6	66	66	NUM
edu-5488	30	7	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	30	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	30	9	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	30	10	..............................................................................................................................................................................................................	..............................................................................................................................................................................................................	PROPN
edu-5488	31	1	69	69	NUM
edu-5488	31	2	5	5	NUM
edu-5488	31	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	31	4	discussion	discussion	NOUN
edu-5488	31	5	.......................................................................................................................................................................................................	.......................................................................................................................................................................................................	PUNCT
edu-5488	32	1	71	71	NUM
edu-5488	32	2	6	6	NUM
edu-5488	32	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	32	4	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	32	5	......................................................................................................................................................................................................	......................................................................................................................................................................................................	PUNCT
edu-5488	33	1	71	71	NUM
edu-5488	33	2	7	7	NUM
edu-5488	33	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	33	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	33	5	.....................................................................................................................................................................................................	.....................................................................................................................................................................................................	VERB
edu-5488	33	6	72	72	NUM
edu-5488	33	7	references	reference	NOUN
edu-5488	33	8	...........................................................................................................................................................................................................	...........................................................................................................................................................................................................	PUNCT
edu-5488	34	1	72	72	NUM
edu-5488	34	2	mailto:iykazu@firat.edu.tr	mailto:iykazu@firat.edu.tr	NOUN
edu-5488	34	3	mailto:murat4595@gmail.com	mailto:murat4595@gmail.com	PROPN
edu-5488	34	4	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
edu-5488	34	5	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/	PROPN
edu-5488	34	6	https://www.doi.org/10.20448/edu.v10i1.5488	https://www.doi.org/10.20448/edu.v10i1.5488	PROPN
edu-5488	34	7	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-0482	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1039-0482	PROPN
edu-5488	34	8	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-6459	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6343-6459	PROPN
edu-5488	34	9	asian	asian	PROPN
edu-5488	34	10	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	34	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	34	12	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	34	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	34	14	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	34	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	34	16	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	34	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	34	18	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	34	19	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	34	20	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	34	21	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	34	22	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	34	23	63	63	NUM
edu-5488	34	24	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	34	25	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	34	26	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	34	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	34	28	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	34	29	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	34	30	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	34	31	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	34	32	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	34	33	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	34	34	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	34	35	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	34	36	contribution	contribution	NOUN
edu-5488	34	37	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	34	38	this	this	DET
edu-5488	34	39	paper	paper	NOUN
edu-5488	34	40	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	34	41	the	the	DET
edu-5488	34	42	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	34	43	this	this	DET
edu-5488	34	44	paper	paper	NOUN
edu-5488	34	45	contributes	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	34	46	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	34	47	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	34	48	a	a	DET
edu-5488	34	49	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	34	50	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
edu-5488	34	51	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	34	52	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	34	53	's	's	PART
edu-5488	34	54	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	34	55	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	34	56	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	34	57	methodology	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	34	58	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	34	59	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	34	60	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	34	61	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	34	62	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	34	63	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	34	64	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	34	65	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	34	66	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	35	1	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	35	2	offers	offer	VERB
edu-5488	35	3	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	35	4	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	35	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	35	6	refinement	refinement	NOUN
edu-5488	35	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	35	8	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	35	9	fluency	fluency	NOUN
edu-5488	35	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	36	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	36	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	36	3	to	to	PART
edu-5488	36	4	leverage	leverage	VERB
edu-5488	36	5	emerging	emerge	VERB
edu-5488	36	6	technologies	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	36	7	this	this	DET
edu-5488	36	8	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	36	9	informs	inform	VERB
edu-5488	36	10	future	future	ADJ
edu-5488	36	11	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	36	12	directions	direction	NOUN
edu-5488	36	13	aimed	aim	VERB
edu-5488	36	14	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	36	15	optimizing	optimize	VERB
edu-5488	36	16	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	36	17	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	36	18	paradigms	paradigm	VERB
edu-5488	36	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	37	1	1	1	X
edu-5488	37	2	.	.	X
edu-5488	37	3	introduction	introduction	NOUN
edu-5488	37	4	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	37	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	37	6	ever	ever	ADV
edu-5488	37	7	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	37	8	evolving	evolve	VERB
edu-5488	37	9	landscape	landscape	NOUN
edu-5488	37	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	37	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	37	12	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	37	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	37	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	37	15	emergence	emergence	NOUN
edu-5488	37	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	37	17	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	37	18	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	37	19	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	37	20	revolutionized	revolutionize	VERB
edu-5488	37	21	the	the	DET
edu-5488	37	22	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	37	23	paradigms	paradigms	NOUN
edu-5488	37	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	37	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	37	26	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	37	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	38	1	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	38	2	these	these	DET
edu-5488	38	3	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	38	4	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	38	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	38	6	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	38	7	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	38	8	gained	gain	VERB
edu-5488	38	9	substantial	substantial	ADJ
edu-5488	38	10	recognition	recognition	NOUN
edu-5488	38	11	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	38	12	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	38	13	distinctive	distinctive	ADJ
edu-5488	38	14	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	38	15	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	38	16	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	38	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	38	18	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
edu-5488	38	19	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	38	20	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	38	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	38	22	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	38	23	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	38	24	like	like	ADJ
edu-5488	38	25	elements	element	NOUN
edu-5488	38	26	to	to	PART
edu-5488	38	27	engage	engage	VERB
edu-5488	38	28	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	38	29	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	38	30	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	38	31	an	an	DET
edu-5488	38	32	immersive	immersive	NOUN
edu-5488	38	33	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	38	34	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	38	35	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	38	36	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	38	37	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	38	38	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	38	39	james	james	PROPN
edu-5488	38	40	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	38	41	mayer	mayer	PROPN
edu-5488	38	42	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	38	43	2019	2019	NUM
edu-5488	38	44	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	38	45	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	39	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
edu-5488	39	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	39	3	growing	grow	VERB
edu-5488	39	4	interest	interest	NOUN
edu-5488	39	5	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	39	6	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	39	7	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	39	8	assisted	assist	VERB
edu-5488	39	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	39	10	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	39	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	39	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	39	13	precise	precise	ADJ
edu-5488	39	14	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	39	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	39	16	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	39	17	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	39	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	39	19	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	39	20	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	39	21	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	39	22	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	39	23	remains	remain	VERB
edu-5488	39	24	a	a	DET
edu-5488	39	25	topic	topic	NOUN
edu-5488	39	26	requiring	require	VERB
edu-5488	39	27	deeper	deep	ADJ
edu-5488	39	28	investigation	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	39	29	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	39	30	the	the	DET
edu-5488	39	31	academic	academic	ADJ
edu-5488	39	32	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	39	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	40	1	recent	recent	ADJ
edu-5488	40	2	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
edu-5488	40	3	discussions	discussion	NOUN
edu-5488	40	4	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	40	5	loewen	loewen	PROPN
edu-5488	40	6	et	et	PROPN
edu-5488	40	7	al	al	PROPN
edu-5488	40	8	.	.	PROPN
edu-5488	40	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	40	10	2019	2019	NUM
edu-5488	40	11	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	40	12	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	40	13	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	40	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	40	15	significance	significance	NOUN
edu-5488	40	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	40	17	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	40	18	advanced	advanced	ADJ
edu-5488	40	19	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	40	20	solutions	solution	NOUN
edu-5488	40	21	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	40	22	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	40	23	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	40	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	40	25	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	40	26	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	40	27	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	40	28	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	40	29	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	40	30	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	40	31	various	various	ADJ
edu-5488	40	32	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	40	33	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	40	34	cultural	cultural	ADJ
edu-5488	40	35	contexts	contexts	NOUN
edu-5488	40	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	41	1	however	however	ADV
edu-5488	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	41	3	a	a	DET
edu-5488	41	4	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	41	5	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	41	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	41	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	41	8	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	41	9	mec	mec	NOUN
edu-5488	41	10	hanisms	hanism	NOUN
edu-5488	41	11	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	41	12	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	41	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	41	14	contributes	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	41	15	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	41	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	41	17	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
edu-5488	41	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	41	19	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	41	20	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	41	21	necessitates	necessitate	VERB
edu-5488	41	22	further	further	ADJ
edu-5488	41	23	exploration	exploration	NOUN
edu-5488	41	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	42	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	42	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	42	3	seeks	seek	VERB
edu-5488	42	4	to	to	PART
edu-5488	42	5	bridge	bridge	VERB
edu-5488	42	6	this	this	DET
edu-5488	42	7	gap	gap	NOUN
edu-5488	42	8	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	42	9	conducting	conduct	VERB
edu-5488	42	10	a	a	DET
edu-5488	42	11	meticulous	meticulous	ADJ
edu-5488	42	12	examination	examination	NOUN
edu-5488	42	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	42	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	42	15	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	42	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	42	17	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	42	18	's	's	PART
edu-5488	42	19	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	42	20	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	42	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	42	22	augmenting	augment	VERB
edu-5488	42	23	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	42	24	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	42	25	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	42	26	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	42	27	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	42	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	43	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	43	2	adopting	adopt	VERB
edu-5488	43	3	a	a	DET
edu-5488	43	4	mixed	mixed	ADJ
edu-5488	43	5	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	43	6	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	43	7	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	43	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	43	9	this	this	DET
edu-5488	43	10	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	43	11	aims	aim	VERB
edu-5488	43	12	to	to	PART
edu-5488	43	13	uncover	uncover	VERB
edu-5488	43	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	43	15	tangible	tangible	ADJ
edu-5488	43	16	effects	effect	NOUN
edu-5488	43	17	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	43	18	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	43	19	's	's	PART
edu-5488	43	20	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	43	21	methodology	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	43	22	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	43	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	43	24	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	43	25	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	43	26	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	43	27	'	'	PART
edu-5488	43	28	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	43	29	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	43	30	abilities	ability	NOUN
edu-5488	43	31	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	44	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	3	this	this	DET
edu-5488	44	4	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	44	5	endeavors	endeavor	VERB
edu-5488	44	6	to	to	PART
edu-5488	44	7	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	44	8	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	44	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	44	10	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	44	11	discourse	discourse	NOUN
edu-5488	44	12	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	44	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	44	14	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	44	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	44	16	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	44	17	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	44	18	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	44	19	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	44	20	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	44	21	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	44	22	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	44	23	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	44	24	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	44	25	personalized	personalized	ADJ
edu-5488	44	26	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	44	27	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	44	28	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	44	29	tailored	tailor	VERB
edu-5488	44	30	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	44	31	individual	individual	ADJ
edu-5488	44	32	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	44	33	needs	need	NOUN
edu-5488	44	34	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	44	35	preferences	preference	NOUN
edu-5488	44	36	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	37	shortt	shortt	NOUN
edu-5488	44	38	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	39	tilak	tilak	PROPN
edu-5488	44	40	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	41	kuznetcova	kuznetcova	PROPN
edu-5488	44	42	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	43	martens	marten	NOUN
edu-5488	44	44	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	45	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	44	46	akinkuolie	akinkuolie	PROPN
edu-5488	44	47	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	48	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	44	49	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	44	50	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	45	1	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	45	2	a	a	DET
edu-5488	45	3	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	45	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	45	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	45	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	45	7	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	45	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	45	9	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	45	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	45	11	this	this	DET
edu-5488	45	12	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	45	13	intends	intend	VERB
edu-5488	45	14	to	to	PART
edu-5488	45	15	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	45	16	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	45	17	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	45	18	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	45	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	45	20	optimization	optimization	NOUN
edu-5488	45	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	45	22	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	45	23	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	45	24	techniques	technique	NOUN
edu-5488	45	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	45	26	focusing	focus	VERB
edu-5488	45	27	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	45	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	45	29	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	45	30	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	45	31	innovative	innovative	ADJ
edu-5488	45	32	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	45	33	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	45	34	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	45	35	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	45	36	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	45	37	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	45	38	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	46	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	46	2	shedding	shed	VERB
edu-5488	46	3	light	light	NOUN
edu-5488	46	4	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	46	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	46	6	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
edu-5488	46	7	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
edu-5488	46	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	46	9	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	46	10	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	46	11	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	46	12	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	46	13	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	46	14	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	46	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	46	16	this	this	DET
edu-5488	46	17	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	46	18	aspires	aspire	VERB
edu-5488	46	19	to	to	PART
edu-5488	46	20	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	46	21	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	46	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	46	23	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
edu-5488	46	24	dialogue	dialogue	NOUN
edu-5488	46	25	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	46	26	the	the	DET
edu-5488	46	27	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	46	28	utilization	utilization	NOUN
edu-5488	46	29	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	46	30	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	46	31	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	46	32	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	46	33	cultivating	cultivate	VERB
edu-5488	46	34	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	46	35	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	46	36	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	46	37	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	46	38	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	46	39	cross	cross	ADJ
edu-5488	46	40	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	46	41	cultural	cultural	ADJ
edu-5488	46	42	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	46	43	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	46	44	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	46	45	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	46	46	contexts	contexts	NOUN
edu-5488	46	47	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	47	1	1.1	1.1	NUM
edu-5488	47	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	48	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	48	2	rise	rise	NOUN
edu-5488	48	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	48	4	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	48	5	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	48	6	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	48	7	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	48	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	48	9	rise	rise	NOUN
edu-5488	48	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	48	11	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	48	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	48	13	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	48	14	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	48	15	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	48	16	ushered	usher	VERB
edu-5488	48	17	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	48	18	a	a	DET
edu-5488	48	19	new	new	ADJ
edu-5488	48	20	era	era	NOUN
edu-5488	48	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	48	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	48	23	realm	realm	NOUN
edu-5488	48	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	48	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	48	26	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	48	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	49	1	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	49	2	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	49	3	today	today	NOUN
edu-5488	49	4	have	have	VERB
edu-5488	49	5	unprecedented	unprecedented	ADJ
edu-5488	49	6	access	access	NOUN
edu-5488	49	7	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	49	8	a	a	DET
edu-5488	49	9	plethora	plethora	NOUN
edu-5488	49	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	49	11	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	49	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	49	13	each	each	PRON
edu-5488	49	14	vying	vie	VERB
edu-5488	49	15	to	to	PART
edu-5488	49	16	offer	offer	VERB
edu-5488	49	17	a	a	DET
edu-5488	49	18	unique	unique	ADJ
edu-5488	49	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	49	20	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	49	21	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	49	22	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	49	23	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	49	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	50	1	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	50	2	these	these	PRON
edu-5488	50	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	50	4	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	50	5	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	50	6	risen	rise	VERB
edu-5488	50	7	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	50	8	prominence	prominence	NOUN
edu-5488	50	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	50	10	boasting	boast	VERB
edu-5488	50	11	over	over	ADP
edu-5488	50	12	500	500	NUM
edu-5488	50	13	million	million	NUM
edu-5488	50	14	users	user	NOUN
edu-5488	50	15	worldwide	worldwide	ADV
edu-5488	50	16	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	50	17	ersoy	ersoy	NOUN
edu-5488	50	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	50	19	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	50	20	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	50	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	51	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	51	2	sheer	sheer	ADJ
edu-5488	51	3	scale	scale	NOUN
edu-5488	51	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	51	5	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	51	6	user	user	NOUN
edu-5488	51	7	base	base	NOUN
edu-5488	51	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	51	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	51	10	popularity	popularity	NOUN
edu-5488	51	11	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	51	12	enjoys	enjoy	VERB
edu-5488	51	13	suggest	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	51	14	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	51	15	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	51	16	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	51	17	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	51	18	a	a	DET
edu-5488	51	19	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
edu-5488	51	20	contributor	contributor	NOUN
edu-5488	51	21	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	51	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	51	23	way	way	NOUN
edu-5488	51	24	individuals	individual	NOUN
edu-5488	51	25	acquire	acquire	VERB
edu-5488	51	26	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	51	27	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	51	28	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	51	29	a	a	DET
edu-5488	51	30	new	new	ADJ
edu-5488	51	31	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	51	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	1	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
edu-5488	52	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	3	founded	found	VERB
edu-5488	52	4	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	52	5	2011	2011	NUM
edu-5488	52	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	7	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	52	8	adopted	adopt	VERB
edu-5488	52	9	a	a	DET
edu-5488	52	10	distinctive	distinctive	ADJ
edu-5488	52	11	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	52	12	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	52	13	gamifying	gamifye	VERB
edu-5488	52	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	52	15	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	52	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	17	making	make	VERB
edu-5488	52	18	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	52	19	accessible	accessible	ADJ
edu-5488	52	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	21	engaging	engaging	ADJ
edu-5488	52	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	23	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	52	24	enjoyable	enjoyable	ADJ
edu-5488	52	25	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	52	26	users	user	NOUN
edu-5488	52	27	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	52	28	all	all	DET
edu-5488	52	29	ages	age	NOUN
edu-5488	52	30	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	31	munday	munday	PROPN
edu-5488	52	32	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	33	2017	2017	NUM
edu-5488	52	34	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	52	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	53	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	53	2	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	53	3	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	53	4	garnered	garner	VERB
edu-5488	53	5	attention	attention	NOUN
edu-5488	53	6	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	53	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	53	8	field	field	NOUN
edu-5488	53	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	53	10	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	53	11	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	53	12	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	53	13	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	53	14	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	53	15	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	53	16	shortt	shortt	NOUN
edu-5488	53	17	et	et	PROPN
edu-5488	53	18	al	al	PROPN
edu-5488	53	19	.	.	PROPN
edu-5488	53	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	53	21	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	53	22	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	53	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	54	1	however	however	ADV
edu-5488	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	54	3	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	54	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	54	5	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	54	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	54	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	54	8	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	54	9	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	54	10	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	54	11	enticing	enticing	ADJ
edu-5488	54	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	54	13	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	54	14	raises	raise	VERB
edu-5488	54	15	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	54	16	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	54	17	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	54	18	true	true	ADJ
edu-5488	54	19	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	54	20	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	54	21	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	54	22	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	54	23	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	54	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	55	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	55	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	55	3	sets	set	VERB
edu-5488	55	4	out	out	ADP
edu-5488	55	5	to	to	PART
edu-5488	55	6	address	address	VERB
edu-5488	55	7	this	this	DET
edu-5488	55	8	concern	concern	NOUN
edu-5488	55	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	56	1	1.2	1.2	NUM
edu-5488	56	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	56	3	addressing	address	VERB
edu-5488	56	4	a	a	DET
edu-5488	56	5	gap	gap	NOUN
edu-5488	56	6	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	56	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	56	8	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	56	9	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	56	10	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	56	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	56	12	realm	realm	NOUN
edu-5488	56	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	56	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	56	15	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	56	16	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	56	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	56	18	there	there	PRON
edu-5488	56	19	exists	exist	VERB
edu-5488	56	20	a	a	DET
edu-5488	56	21	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	56	22	gap	gap	NOUN
edu-5488	56	23	concerning	concern	VERB
edu-5488	56	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	56	25	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	56	26	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	56	27	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	56	28	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	56	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	56	30	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	56	31	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	56	32	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	56	33	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	56	34	the	the	DET
edu-5488	56	35	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	56	36	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	56	37	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	56	38	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	56	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	57	1	most	most	ADJ
edu-5488	57	2	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	57	3	examining	examine	VERB
edu-5488	57	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	57	5	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	57	6	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	57	7	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	57	8	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	57	9	focused	focus	VERB
edu-5488	57	10	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	57	11	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	57	12	aspects	aspect	NOUN
edu-5488	57	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	57	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	57	15	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	57	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	57	17	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	57	18	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	57	19	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
edu-5488	57	20	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	57	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	57	22	reading	read	VERB
edu-5488	57	23	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
edu-5488	57	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	57	25	or	or	CCONJ
edu-5488	57	26	grammar	grammar	NOUN
edu-5488	57	27	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	57	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	58	1	few	few	ADJ
edu-5488	58	2	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	58	3	ventured	venture	VERB
edu-5488	58	4	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	58	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	58	6	realm	realm	NOUN
edu-5488	58	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	58	8	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	58	9	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	58	10	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	58	11	hafifah	hafifah	NOUN
edu-5488	58	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	58	13	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	58	14	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	58	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	59	1	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	59	2	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	59	3	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	59	4	a	a	DET
edu-5488	59	5	vital	vital	ADJ
edu-5488	59	6	aspect	aspect	NOUN
edu-5488	59	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	59	8	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	59	9	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	59	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	59	11	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	59	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	59	13	ultimate	ultimate	ADJ
edu-5488	59	14	goal	goal	NOUN
edu-5488	59	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	59	16	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	59	17	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	59	18	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	59	19	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	59	20	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	59	21	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	59	22	juanggo	juanggo	NOUN
edu-5488	59	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	59	24	2017	2017	NUM
edu-5488	59	25	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	59	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	60	1	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	60	2	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	60	3	thus	thus	ADV
edu-5488	60	4	crucial	crucial	ADJ
edu-5488	60	5	to	to	PART
edu-5488	60	6	investigate	investigate	VERB
edu-5488	60	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	60	8	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	60	9	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	60	10	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	60	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	60	12	plays	play	VERB
edu-5488	60	13	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	60	14	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	60	15	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	60	16	'	'	PART
edu-5488	60	17	ability	ability	NOUN
edu-5488	60	18	to	to	PART
edu-5488	60	19	express	express	VERB
edu-5488	60	20	themselves	themselves	PRON
edu-5488	60	21	fluently	fluently	ADV
edu-5488	60	22	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	60	23	accurately	accurately	ADV
edu-5488	60	24	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	60	25	a	a	DET
edu-5488	60	26	foreign	foreign	ADJ
edu-5488	60	27	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	60	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	61	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	61	2	conducting	conduct	VERB
edu-5488	61	3	t	t	PROPN
edu-5488	61	4	his	his	PRON
edu-5488	61	5	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	61	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	61	7	we	we	PRON
edu-5488	61	8	hope	hope	VERB
edu-5488	61	9	to	to	PART
edu-5488	61	10	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	61	11	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	61	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	61	13	more	more	ADV
edu-5488	61	14	holistic	holistic	ADJ
edu-5488	61	15	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	61	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	61	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	61	18	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	61	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	61	20	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	61	21	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	61	22	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	61	23	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	61	24	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	61	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	61	26	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	61	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	61	28	moving	move	VERB
edu-5488	61	29	beyond	beyond	ADP
edu-5488	61	30	the	the	DET
edu-5488	61	31	more	more	ADV
edu-5488	61	32	commonly	commonly	ADV
edu-5488	61	33	studied	study	VERB
edu-5488	61	34	domains	domain	NOUN
edu-5488	61	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	62	1	1.3	1.3	NUM
edu-5488	62	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	63	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	63	2	significance	significance	NOUN
edu-5488	63	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	63	4	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	63	5	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	63	6	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	63	7	to	to	PART
edu-5488	63	8	unravel	unravel	VERB
edu-5488	63	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	63	10	influence	influence	NOUN
edu-5488	63	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	63	12	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	63	13	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	63	14	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	63	15	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	63	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	63	17	a	a	DET
edu-5488	63	18	mixed	mixed	ADJ
edu-5488	63	19	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	63	20	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	63	21	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	63	22	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	63	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	64	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	64	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	64	3	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	64	4	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	64	5	crucial	crucial	ADJ
edu-5488	64	6	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	64	7	several	several	ADJ
edu-5488	64	8	reasons	reason	NOUN
edu-5488	64	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	65	1	first	first	ADV
edu-5488	65	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	65	3	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	65	4	allows	allow	VERB
edu-5488	65	5	to	to	PART
edu-5488	65	6	establish	establish	VERB
edu-5488	65	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	65	8	baseline	baseline	ADJ
edu-5488	65	9	measurement	measurement	NOUN
edu-5488	65	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	65	11	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	65	12	'	'	PART
edu-5488	65	13	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	65	14	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	65	15	before	before	ADP
edu-5488	65	16	engaging	engage	VERB
edu-5488	65	17	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	65	18	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	65	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	66	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	66	2	baseline	baseline	PROPN
edu-5488	66	3	measurement	measurement	NOUN
edu-5488	66	4	provides	provide	VERB
edu-5488	66	5	a	a	DET
edu-5488	66	6	point	point	NOUN
edu-5488	66	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	66	8	comparison	comparison	NOUN
edu-5488	66	9	against	against	ADP
edu-5488	66	10	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	66	11	any	any	DET
edu-5488	66	12	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	66	13	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	66	14	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	66	15	assessed	assess	VERB
edu-5488	66	16	following	follow	VERB
edu-5488	66	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	66	18	use	use	NOUN
edu-5488	66	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	66	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	66	21	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	66	22	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	66	23	johnson	johnson	PROPN
edu-5488	66	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	66	25	1983	1983	NUM
edu-5488	66	26	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	66	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	67	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	67	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	67	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	67	4	inclusion	inclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	67	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	67	6	a	a	DET
edu-5488	67	7	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	67	8	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	67	9	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	67	10	instrumental	instrumental	ADJ
edu-5488	67	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	67	12	isolating	isolate	VERB
edu-5488	67	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	67	14	effects	effect	NOUN
edu-5488	67	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	67	16	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	67	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	68	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	68	2	comparing	compare	VERB
edu-5488	68	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	68	4	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	68	5	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	68	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	68	7	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	68	8	actively	actively	ADV
edu-5488	68	9	utilizes	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	68	10	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	68	11	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	68	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	68	13	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	68	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	68	15	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	68	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	68	17	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	68	18	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	68	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	68	20	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	68	21	does	do	AUX
edu-5488	68	22	not	not	PART
edu-5488	68	23	use	use	VERB
edu-5488	68	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	68	25	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	68	26	during	during	ADP
edu-5488	68	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	68	28	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	68	29	period	period	NOUN
edu-5488	68	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	68	31	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	68	32	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	68	33	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	68	34	discerned	discern	VERB
edu-5488	68	35	whether	whether	SCONJ
edu-5488	68	36	any	any	DET
edu-5488	68	37	observed	observed	ADJ
edu-5488	68	38	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	68	39	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	68	40	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	68	41	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	68	42	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	68	43	genuinely	genuinely	ADV
edu-5488	68	44	attributable	attributable	ADJ
edu-5488	68	45	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	68	46	the	the	DET
edu-5488	68	47	use	use	NOUN
edu-5488	68	48	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	68	49	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	68	50	or	or	CCONJ
edu-5488	68	51	if	if	SCONJ
edu-5488	68	52	they	they	PRON
edu-5488	68	53	could	could	AUX
edu-5488	68	54	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	68	55	attributed	attribute	VERB
edu-5488	68	56	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	68	57	other	other	ADJ
edu-5488	68	58	external	external	ADJ
edu-5488	68	59	factors	factor	NOUN
edu-5488	68	60	or	or	CCONJ
edu-5488	68	61	not	not	PART
edu-5488	68	62	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	69	1	1.4	1.4	NUM
edu-5488	69	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	69	3	exploring	explore	VERB
edu-5488	69	4	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	69	5	's	's	PART
edu-5488	69	6	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	69	7	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	69	8	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	69	9	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	69	10	a	a	DET
edu-5488	69	11	distinctive	distinctive	ADJ
edu-5488	69	12	feature	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	69	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	69	14	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	69	15	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	69	16	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	69	17	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	69	18	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	69	19	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	69	20	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	69	21	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	69	22	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	69	23	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	69	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	1	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	70	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	70	3	app	app	NOUN
edu-5488	70	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	5	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	70	6	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	70	7	encounter	encounter	VERB
edu-5488	70	8	various	various	ADJ
edu-5488	70	9	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	70	10	elements	element	NOUN
edu-5488	70	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	12	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	70	13	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	70	14	earning	earn	VERB
edu-5488	70	15	points	point	NOUN
edu-5488	70	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	17	leveling	level	VERB
edu-5488	70	18	up	up	ADP
edu-5488	70	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	20	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	70	21	competing	compete	VERB
edu-5488	70	22	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	70	23	other	other	ADJ
edu-5488	70	24	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	70	25	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	70	26	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	70	27	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	70	28	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	70	29	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	70	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	31	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	70	32	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	33	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	70	34	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	35	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	70	36	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	70	37	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	70	38	64	64	NUM
edu-5488	70	39	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	70	40	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	70	41	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	70	42	the	the	DET
edu-5488	70	43	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	70	44	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	45	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	70	46	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	70	47	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	70	48	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	70	49	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	70	50	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	70	51	users	user	NOUN
edu-5488	70	52	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	53	see	see	VERB
edu-5488	70	54	figure	figure	NOUN
edu-5488	70	55	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	70	56	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	70	57	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	1	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	71	2	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	71	3	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	71	4	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	71	5	been	be	AUX
edu-5488	71	6	shown	show	VERB
edu-5488	71	7	to	to	PART
edu-5488	71	8	enhance	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	71	9	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	71	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	71	11	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	71	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	13	factors	factor	NOUN
edu-5488	71	14	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	71	15	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	71	16	crucial	crucial	ADJ
edu-5488	71	17	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	71	18	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	71	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	71	20	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	71	21	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	22	dehghanzadeh	dehghanzadeh	NOUN
edu-5488	71	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	24	fardanesh	fardanesh	ADJ
edu-5488	71	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	26	hatami	hatami	NOUN
edu-5488	71	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	28	talaee	talaee	ADJ
edu-5488	71	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	30	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	71	31	noroozi	noroozi	PROPN
edu-5488	71	32	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	33	20	20	NUM
edu-5488	71	34	21	21	NUM
edu-5488	71	35	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	71	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	72	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	72	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	72	3	seeks	seek	VERB
edu-5488	72	4	to	to	PART
edu-5488	72	5	investigate	investigate	VERB
edu-5488	72	6	how	how	SCONJ
edu-5488	72	7	these	these	DET
edu-5488	72	8	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	72	9	elements	element	NOUN
edu-5488	72	10	affect	affect	VERB
edu-5488	72	11	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	72	12	'	'	PART
edu-5488	72	13	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	72	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	72	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	72	16	subsequently	subsequently	ADV
edu-5488	72	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	72	18	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	72	19	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	72	20	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	72	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	73	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	73	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	73	3	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	73	4	offers	offer	VERB
edu-5488	73	5	a	a	DET
edu-5488	73	6	range	range	NOUN
edu-5488	73	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	73	8	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	73	9	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	73	10	designed	design	VERB
edu-5488	73	11	to	to	PART
edu-5488	73	12	develop	develop	VERB
edu-5488	73	13	different	different	ADJ
edu-5488	73	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	73	15	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	73	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	73	17	including	include	VERB
edu-5488	73	18	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	73	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	74	1	users	user	NOUN
edu-5488	74	2	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	74	3	engage	engage	VERB
edu-5488	74	4	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	74	5	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	74	6	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	74	7	where	where	SCONJ
edu-5488	74	8	they	they	PRON
edu-5488	74	9	pronounce	pronounce	VERB
edu-5488	74	10	words	word	NOUN
edu-5488	74	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	74	12	phrases	phrase	NOUN
edu-5488	74	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	74	14	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	74	15	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	74	16	then	then	ADV
edu-5488	74	17	evaluated	evaluate	VERB
edu-5488	74	18	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	74	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	74	20	app	app	NOUN
edu-5488	74	21	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	74	22	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
edu-5488	74	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	75	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	75	2	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
edu-5488	75	3	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	75	4	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	75	5	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	75	6	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	75	7	differs	differ	VERB
edu-5488	75	8	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	75	9	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	75	10	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	75	11	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	75	12	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	75	13	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	75	14	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	75	15	rely	rely	VERB
edu-5488	75	16	heavily	heavily	ADV
edu-5488	75	17	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	75	18	rote	rote	ADJ
edu-5488	75	19	memorization	memorization	NOUN
edu-5488	75	20	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	75	21	passive	passive	ADJ
edu-5488	75	22	listening	listening	NOUN
edu-5488	75	23	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	75	24	wagner	wagner	NOUN
edu-5488	75	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	75	26	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	75	27	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	75	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	76	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	76	2	participating	participate	VERB
edu-5488	76	3	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	76	4	these	these	DET
edu-5488	76	5	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	76	6	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	76	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	76	8	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	76	9	have	have	VERB
edu-5488	76	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	76	11	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
edu-5488	76	12	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	76	13	active	active	ADJ
edu-5488	76	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	76	15	practical	practical	ADJ
edu-5488	76	16	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	76	17	use	use	NOUN
edu-5488	76	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	76	19	potentially	potentially	ADV
edu-5488	76	20	leading	lead	VERB
edu-5488	76	21	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	76	22	improved	improved	ADJ
edu-5488	76	23	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	76	24	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	76	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	77	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	77	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	77	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	77	4	this	this	DET
edu-5488	77	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	77	6	have	have	VERB
edu-5488	77	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	77	8	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	77	9	to	to	PART
edu-5488	77	10	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	77	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	77	12	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	77	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	77	14	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	77	15	discourse	discourse	NOUN
edu-5488	77	16	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	77	17	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	77	18	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	77	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	77	20	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	77	21	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	77	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	77	23	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	77	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	77	25	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	77	26	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	77	27	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	77	28	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	77	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	78	1	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	78	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	78	3	increasing	increase	VERB
edu-5488	78	4	globalization	globalization	NOUN
edu-5488	78	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	78	6	interconnectedness	interconnectedness	NOUN
edu-5488	78	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	78	8	our	our	PRON
edu-5488	78	9	world	world	NOUN
edu-5488	78	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	78	11	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	78	12	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	78	13	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	78	14	foreign	foreign	ADJ
edu-5488	78	15	languages	language	NOUN
edu-5488	78	16	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	78	17	become	become	VERB
edu-5488	78	18	a	a	DET
edu-5488	78	19	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	78	20	skill	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	78	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	78	22	various	various	ADJ
edu-5488	78	23	domains	domain	NOUN
edu-5488	78	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	78	25	including	include	VERB
edu-5488	78	26	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	78	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	78	28	business	business	NOUN
edu-5488	78	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	78	30	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	78	31	international	international	ADJ
edu-5488	78	32	relations	relation	NOUN
edu-5488	78	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	79	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
edu-5488	79	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	79	3	identifying	identify	VERB
edu-5488	79	4	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	79	5	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	79	6	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	79	7	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	79	8	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	79	9	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	79	10	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	79	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	79	12	paramount	paramount	ADJ
edu-5488	79	13	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	79	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	80	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	80	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	80	3	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	80	4	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	80	5	continues	continue	VERB
edu-5488	80	6	to	to	PART
edu-5488	80	7	play	play	VERB
edu-5488	80	8	an	an	DET
edu-5488	80	9	integral	integral	ADJ
edu-5488	80	10	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	80	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	80	12	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	80	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	80	14	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	80	15	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	80	16	crucial	crucial	ADJ
edu-5488	80	17	to	to	PART
edu-5488	80	18	discern	discern	VERB
edu-5488	80	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	80	20	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	80	21	benefits	benefit	NOUN
edu-5488	80	22	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	80	23	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	80	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	80	25	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	80	26	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	80	27	like	like	ADP
edu-5488	80	28	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	80	29	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	80	30	permatasari	permatasari	NOUN
edu-5488	80	31	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	80	32	aryani	aryani	PROPN
edu-5488	80	33	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	80	34	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	80	35	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	80	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	81	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	81	2	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	81	3	extend	extend	VERB
edu-5488	81	4	beyond	beyond	ADP
edu-5488	81	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	81	6	scope	scope	NOUN
edu-5488	81	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	81	8	this	this	DET
edu-5488	81	9	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	81	10	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	81	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	82	1	they	they	PRON
edu-5488	82	2	suggest	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	82	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	82	4	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	82	5	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	82	6	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
edu-5488	82	7	investigations	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	82	8	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	82	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	82	10	long	long	ADJ
edu-5488	82	11	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	82	12	term	term	NOUN
edu-5488	82	13	effects	effect	NOUN
edu-5488	82	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	82	15	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	82	16	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	82	17	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	82	18	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	82	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	82	20	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	82	21	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	82	22	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	82	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	82	24	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	82	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	82	26	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	82	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	82	28	necessity	necessity	NOUN
edu-5488	82	29	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	82	30	comparative	comparative	ADJ
edu-5488	82	31	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	82	32	to	to	PART
edu-5488	82	33	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
edu-5488	82	34	the	the	DET
edu-5488	82	35	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	82	36	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	82	37	various	various	ADJ
edu-5488	82	38	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	82	39	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	82	40	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	82	41	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	82	42	different	different	ADJ
edu-5488	82	43	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	82	44	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	82	45	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	82	46	rosell	rosell	NOUN
edu-5488	82	47	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	82	48	aguilar	aguilar	ADJ
edu-5488	82	49	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	82	50	2018	2018	NUM
edu-5488	82	51	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	82	52	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	83	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	83	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	83	3	considering	consider	VERB
edu-5488	83	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	83	5	individual	individual	ADJ
edu-5488	83	6	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	83	7	's	's	PART
edu-5488	83	8	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
edu-5488	83	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	83	10	preferences	preference	NOUN
edu-5488	83	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	83	12	optimizing	optimize	VERB
edu-5488	83	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	83	14	use	use	NOUN
edu-5488	83	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	83	16	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	83	17	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	83	18	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	83	19	apps	app	NOUN
edu-5488	83	20	offers	offer	VERB
edu-5488	83	21	a	a	DET
edu-5488	83	22	promising	promising	ADJ
edu-5488	83	23	avenue	avenue	NOUN
edu-5488	83	24	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	83	25	future	future	ADJ
edu-5488	83	26	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	83	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	84	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	84	2	tailoring	tailor	VERB
edu-5488	84	3	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	84	4	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	84	5	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	84	6	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	84	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	84	8	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	84	9	needs	need	NOUN
edu-5488	84	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	84	11	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	84	12	styles	style	NOUN
edu-5488	84	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	84	14	individual	individual	ADJ
edu-5488	84	15	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	84	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	84	17	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	84	18	educators	educator	NOUN
edu-5488	84	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	84	20	app	app	NOUN
edu-5488	84	21	developers	developer	NOUN
edu-5488	84	22	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	84	23	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	84	24	able	able	ADJ
edu-5488	84	25	to	to	PART
edu-5488	84	26	enhance	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	84	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	84	28	overall	overall	ADJ
edu-5488	84	29	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	84	30	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	84	31	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	84	32	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	84	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	85	1	figure	figure	NOUN
edu-5488	85	2	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	85	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
edu-5488	85	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	85	5	essential	essential	ADJ
edu-5488	85	6	stages	stage	NOUN
edu-5488	85	7	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	85	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	85	9	systematic	systematic	ADJ
edu-5488	85	10	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	85	11	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	85	12	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	85	13	a	a	DET
edu-5488	85	14	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	85	15	project	project	NOUN
edu-5488	85	16	aimed	aim	VERB
edu-5488	85	17	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	85	18	assessing	assess	VERB
edu-5488	85	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	85	20	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	85	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	85	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	85	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	86	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	86	2	popular	popular	ADJ
edu-5488	86	3	online	online	ADJ
edu-5488	86	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	86	5	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	86	6	tool	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	86	7	will	will	AUX
edu-5488	86	8	undergo	undergo	VERB
edu-5488	86	9	thorough	thorough	ADJ
edu-5488	86	10	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
edu-5488	86	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	86	12	specifically	specifically	ADV
edu-5488	86	13	focusing	focus	VERB
edu-5488	86	14	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	86	15	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	86	16	ability	ability	NOUN
edu-5488	86	17	to	to	PART
edu-5488	86	18	teach	teach	VERB
edu-5488	86	19	vital	vital	ADJ
edu-5488	86	20	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	86	21	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	86	22	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	86	23	10	10	NUM
edu-5488	86	24	th	th	NOUN
edu-5488	86	25	grade	grade	NOUN
edu-5488	86	26	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	86	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	87	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	87	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	87	3	strategy	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	87	4	involves	involve	VERB
edu-5488	87	5	a	a	DET
edu-5488	87	6	semi	semi	ADJ
edu-5488	87	7	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	87	8	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	87	9	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	87	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	87	11	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
edu-5488	87	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	87	13	pre	pre	NOUN
edu-5488	87	14	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	87	15	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	87	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	87	17	post	post	ADJ
edu-5488	87	18	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	87	19	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	87	20	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	87	21	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	87	22	method	method	NOUN
edu-5488	87	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	88	1	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	88	2	this	this	DET
edu-5488	88	3	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
edu-5488	88	4	method	method	NOUN
edu-5488	88	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	88	6	we	we	PRON
edu-5488	88	7	will	will	AUX
edu-5488	88	8	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	88	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	88	10	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	88	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	88	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	88	13	platform	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	88	14	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	88	15	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	88	16	'	'	PART
edu-5488	88	17	listening	listening	NOUN
edu-5488	88	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	88	19	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	88	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	88	21	reading	reading	NOUN
edu-5488	88	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	88	23	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	88	24	writing	write	VERB
edu-5488	88	25	abilities	ability	NOUN
edu-5488	88	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	89	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	89	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	89	3	population	population	NOUN
edu-5488	89	4	consists	consist	VERB
edu-5488	89	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	89	6	committed	committed	ADJ
edu-5488	89	7	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	89	8	users	user	NOUN
edu-5488	89	9	who	who	PRON
edu-5488	89	10	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	89	11	dedicated	dedicate	VERB
edu-5488	89	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	89	13	minimum	minimum	NOUN
edu-5488	89	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	89	15	one	one	NUM
edu-5488	89	16	hour	hour	NOUN
edu-5488	89	17	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	89	18	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	89	19	outlined	outline	VERB
edu-5488	89	20	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	89	21	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	89	22	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	89	23	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	89	24	to	to	PART
edu-5488	89	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	89	26	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	89	27	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	89	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	89	29	platform	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	89	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	90	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	90	2	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	90	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	90	4	detailed	detail	VERB
edu-5488	90	5	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	90	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	90	7	flowchart	flowchart	NOUN
edu-5488	90	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	90	9	will	will	AUX
edu-5488	90	10	reveal	reveal	VERB
edu-5488	90	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	90	12	's	's	PART
edu-5488	90	13	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	90	14	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	90	15	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	90	16	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	90	17	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	90	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	90	19	as	as	ADV
edu-5488	90	20	well	well	ADV
edu-5488	90	21	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	90	22	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	90	23	compatibility	compatibility	NOUN
edu-5488	90	24	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	90	25	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	90	26	classroom	classroom	NOUN
edu-5488	90	27	teaching	teaching	NOUN
edu-5488	90	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	91	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	91	3	this	this	DET
edu-5488	91	4	investigation	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	91	5	will	will	AUX
edu-5488	91	6	highlight	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	91	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	91	8	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	91	9	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	91	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	91	11	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	91	12	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	91	13	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	91	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	91	15	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	91	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	91	17	paving	pave	VERB
edu-5488	91	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	91	19	way	way	NOUN
edu-5488	91	20	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	91	21	future	future	ADJ
edu-5488	91	22	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	91	23	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	91	24	this	this	DET
edu-5488	91	25	constantly	constantly	ADV
edu-5488	91	26	evolving	evolve	VERB
edu-5488	91	27	field	field	NOUN
edu-5488	91	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	92	1	figure	figure	NOUN
edu-5488	92	2	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	92	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	92	4	process	process	NOUN
edu-5488	92	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	92	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	92	7	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	92	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	93	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	93	2	examining	examine	VERB
edu-5488	93	3	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	93	4	’s	’s	PART
edu-5488	93	5	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	93	6	methodology	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	93	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	93	8	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	93	9	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	93	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	93	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	93	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	93	13	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	93	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	93	15	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	93	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	93	17	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	93	18	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	93	19	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	93	20	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	93	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	93	22	this	this	DET
edu-5488	93	23	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	93	24	aims	aim	VERB
edu-5488	93	25	to	to	PART
edu-5488	93	26	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	93	27	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	93	28	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	93	29	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	93	30	the	the	DET
edu-5488	93	31	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	93	32	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	93	33	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	93	34	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	93	35	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	93	36	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	93	37	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	93	38	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	93	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	94	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	94	2	utilization	utilization	NOUN
edu-5488	94	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	94	4	an	an	DET
edu-5488	94	5	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	94	6	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	94	7	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	94	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	94	9	comparing	compare	VERB
edu-5488	94	10	an	an	DET
edu-5488	94	11	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	94	12	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	94	13	actively	actively	ADV
edu-5488	94	14	engaging	engage	VERB
edu-5488	94	15	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	94	16	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	94	17	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	94	18	a	a	DET
edu-5488	94	19	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	94	20	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	94	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	94	22	forms	form	VERB
edu-5488	94	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	94	24	basis	basis	NOUN
edu-5488	94	25	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	94	26	a	a	DET
edu-5488	94	27	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ
edu-5488	94	28	assessment	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	94	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	95	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	95	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	95	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	95	4	this	this	DET
edu-5488	95	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	95	6	have	have	VERB
edu-5488	95	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	95	8	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	95	9	to	to	PART
edu-5488	95	10	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	95	11	inform	inform	VERB
edu-5488	95	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	95	13	future	future	NOUN
edu-5488	95	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	95	15	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	95	16	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	95	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	95	18	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	95	19	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	95	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	95	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	95	22	personalized	personalized	ADJ
edu-5488	95	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	95	24	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	95	25	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	95	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	96	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	96	2	this	this	DET
edu-5488	96	3	rapidly	rapidly	ADV
edu-5488	96	4	evolving	evolve	VERB
edu-5488	96	5	landscape	landscape	NOUN
edu-5488	96	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	96	7	understanding	understand	VERB
edu-5488	96	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	96	9	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	96	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	96	11	innovative	innovative	ADJ
edu-5488	96	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	96	13	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	96	14	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	96	15	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	96	16	essential	essential	ADJ
edu-5488	96	17	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	96	18	creating	create	VERB
edu-5488	96	19	more	more	ADV
edu-5488	96	20	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	96	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	96	22	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	96	23	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	96	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	96	25	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	96	26	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	96	27	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	96	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	96	29	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	96	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	96	31	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	96	32	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	96	33	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	96	34	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	96	35	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	96	36	65	65	NUM
edu-5488	96	37	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	96	38	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	96	39	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	96	40	the	the	DET
edu-5488	96	41	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	96	42	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	96	43	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	96	44	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	96	45	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	96	46	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	96	47	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	96	48	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	96	49	engaging	engage	VERB
edu-5488	96	50	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	96	51	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	96	52	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	96	53	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	96	54	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
edu-5488	96	55	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	96	56	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	96	57	cross	cross	ADJ
edu-5488	96	58	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	96	59	cultural	cultural	ADJ
edu-5488	96	60	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	96	61	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	97	1	to	to	PART
edu-5488	97	2	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
edu-5488	97	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	97	4	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	97	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	97	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	97	7	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	97	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	97	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	97	10	following	follow	VERB
edu-5488	97	11	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
edu-5488	97	12	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	97	13	been	be	AUX
edu-5488	97	14	presented	present	VERB
edu-5488	97	15	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	97	16	1.5	1.5	NUM
edu-5488	97	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	97	18	main	main	ADJ
edu-5488	97	19	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	97	20	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	97	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	97	22	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
edu-5488	97	23	rq1	rq1	VERB
edu-5488	97	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	98	1	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	98	2	what	what	DET
edu-5488	98	3	extent	extent	NOUN
edu-5488	98	4	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	98	5	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
edu-5488	98	6	measurements	measurement	NOUN
edu-5488	98	7	support	support	VERB
edu-5488	98	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	98	9	claim	claim	NOUN
edu-5488	98	10	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	98	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	98	12	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	98	13	enhances	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	98	14	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	98	15	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	98	16	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	98	17	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	98	18	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	98	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	98	20	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	98	21	how	how	SCONJ
edu-5488	98	22	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	98	23	these	these	DET
edu-5488	98	24	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	98	25	compare	compare	VERB
edu-5488	98	26	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	98	27	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	98	28	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	98	29	instruction	instruction	NOUN
edu-5488	98	30	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	98	31	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	99	1	h0	h0	PROPN
edu-5488	99	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	99	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	99	4	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
edu-5488	99	5	measurements	measurement	NOUN
edu-5488	99	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	99	7	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	99	8	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	99	9	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	99	10	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	99	11	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	99	12	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	99	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	99	14	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	99	15	not	not	PART
edu-5488	99	16	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	99	17	higher	high	ADJ
edu-5488	99	18	than	than	ADP
edu-5488	99	19	those	those	PRON
edu-5488	99	20	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	99	21	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	99	22	utilizing	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	99	23	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	99	24	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	99	25	instruction	instruction	NOUN
edu-5488	99	26	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	99	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	100	1	h1	h1	PROPN
edu-5488	100	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	100	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	100	4	quantitative	quantitative	ADJ
edu-5488	100	5	measurements	measurement	NOUN
edu-5488	100	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	100	7	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	100	8	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	100	9	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	100	10	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	100	11	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	100	12	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	100	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	100	14	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	100	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	100	16	higher	high	ADJ
edu-5488	100	17	than	than	ADP
edu-5488	100	18	those	those	PRON
edu-5488	100	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	100	20	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	100	21	utilizing	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	100	22	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	100	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	100	24	instruction	instruction	NOUN
edu-5488	100	25	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	100	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	101	1	rq2	rq2	NOUN
edu-5488	101	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	102	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	102	2	what	what	DET
edu-5488	102	3	ways	way	NOUN
edu-5488	102	4	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	102	5	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	102	6	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	102	7	metaphorically	metaphorically	ADV
edu-5488	102	8	perceive	perceive	VERB
edu-5488	102	9	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	102	10	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	102	11	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	102	12	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	102	13	terms	term	NOUN
edu-5488	102	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	102	15	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	102	16	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	102	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	102	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	102	19	how	how	SCONJ
edu-5488	102	20	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	102	21	these	these	DET
edu-5488	102	22	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN
edu-5488	102	23	illuminate	illuminate	VERB
edu-5488	102	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	102	25	subjective	subjective	ADJ
edu-5488	102	26	aspects	aspect	NOUN
edu-5488	102	27	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	102	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	102	29	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	102	30	process	process	NOUN
edu-5488	102	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	102	32	shedding	shed	VERB
edu-5488	102	33	light	light	NOUN
edu-5488	102	34	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	102	35	the	the	DET
edu-5488	102	36	emotional	emotional	ADJ
edu-5488	102	37	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	102	38	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	102	39	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
edu-5488	102	40	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	102	41	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	102	42	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	102	43	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	103	1	h0	h0	NOUN
edu-5488	103	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	103	3	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	103	4	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	103	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	103	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	103	7	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	103	8	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	103	9	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	103	10	not	not	PART
edu-5488	103	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	103	12	correlate	correlate	VERB
edu-5488	103	13	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	103	14	emotional	emotional	ADJ
edu-5488	103	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	103	16	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	103	17	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
edu-5488	103	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	103	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	103	20	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	103	21	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	103	22	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	103	23	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	103	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	104	1	h1	h1	NOUN
edu-5488	104	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	104	3	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	104	4	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	104	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	104	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	104	7	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	104	8	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	104	9	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
edu-5488	104	10	a	a	DET
edu-5488	104	11	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	104	12	correlation	correlation	NOUN
edu-5488	104	13	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	104	14	emotional	emotional	ADJ
edu-5488	104	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	104	16	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	104	17	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
edu-5488	104	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	104	19	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	104	20	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	104	21	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	104	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	104	23	subjective	subjective	ADJ
edu-5488	104	24	aspects	aspect	NOUN
edu-5488	104	25	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	104	26	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	104	27	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	104	28	beyond	beyond	ADP
edu-5488	104	29	conventional	conventional	ADJ
edu-5488	104	30	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	104	31	instruction	instruction	NOUN
edu-5488	104	32	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	104	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	105	1	2	2	X
edu-5488	105	2	.	.	X
edu-5488	105	3	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	105	4	review	review	VERB
edu-5488	105	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	105	6	surge	surge	NOUN
edu-5488	105	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	105	8	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	105	9	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	105	10	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	105	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	105	12	realm	realm	NOUN
edu-5488	105	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	105	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	105	15	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	105	16	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	105	17	sparked	spark	VERB
edu-5488	105	18	substantial	substantial	ADJ
edu-5488	105	19	academic	academic	ADJ
edu-5488	105	20	discourse	discourse	NOUN
edu-5488	105	21	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	105	22	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	105	23	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	105	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	105	25	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	105	26	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	105	27	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	105	28	various	various	ADJ
edu-5488	105	29	aspects	aspect	NOUN
edu-5488	105	30	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	105	31	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	105	32	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	105	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	106	1	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	106	2	these	these	DET
edu-5488	106	3	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	106	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	106	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	106	6	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	106	7	gained	gain	VERB
edu-5488	106	8	recognition	recognition	NOUN
edu-5488	106	9	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	106	10	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	106	11	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	106	12	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	106	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	106	14	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	106	15	methodology	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	106	16	tailored	tailor	VERB
edu-5488	106	17	to	to	PART
edu-5488	106	18	engage	engage	VERB
edu-5488	106	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	106	20	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	106	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	106	22	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	106	23	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	106	24	levels	level	NOUN
edu-5488	106	25	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	106	26	su	su	PROPN
edu-5488	106	27	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	106	28	zou	zou	PROPN
edu-5488	106	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	106	30	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	106	31	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	106	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	107	1	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	107	2	existing	exist	VERB
edu-5488	107	3	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	107	4	underscores	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	107	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	107	6	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	107	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	107	8	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	107	9	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	107	10	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	107	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	107	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	107	13	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	107	14	environments	environment	NOUN
edu-5488	107	15	to	to	PART
edu-5488	107	16	cater	cater	VERB
edu-5488	107	17	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	107	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	107	19	evolving	evolve	VERB
edu-5488	107	20	needs	need	NOUN
edu-5488	107	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	107	22	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
edu-5488	107	23	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	107	24	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	107	25	langley	langley	NOUN
edu-5488	107	26	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	107	27	benítez‐burraco	benítez‐burraco	PROPN
edu-5488	107	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	107	29	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	107	30	kempe	kempe	PROPN
edu-5488	107	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	107	32	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	107	33	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	107	34	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	107	35	evaluations	evaluation	NOUN
edu-5488	107	36	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	107	37	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	107	38	's	's	PART
edu-5488	107	39	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	107	40	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	107	41	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	107	42	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	107	43	remain	remain	VERB
edu-5488	107	44	relatively	relatively	ADV
edu-5488	107	45	scarce	scarce	ADJ
edu-5488	107	46	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	107	47	the	the	DET
edu-5488	107	48	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	107	49	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	108	1	although	although	SCONJ
edu-5488	108	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	108	3	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	108	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	108	5	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	108	6	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	108	7	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	108	8	garnered	garner	VERB
edu-5488	108	9	attention	attention	NOUN
edu-5488	108	10	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	108	11	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	108	12	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	108	13	to	to	PART
edu-5488	108	14	enhance	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	108	15	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	108	16	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	108	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	108	18	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	108	19	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	108	20	boudadi	boudadi	NOUN
edu-5488	108	21	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	108	22	gutiérrez	gutiérrez	PROPN
edu-5488	108	23	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	108	24	colón	colón	NOUN
edu-5488	108	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	108	26	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	108	27	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	108	28	empirical	empirical	ADJ
edu-5488	108	29	investigations	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	108	30	directly	directly	ADV
edu-5488	108	31	linking	link	VERB
edu-5488	108	32	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	108	33	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	108	34	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	108	35	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	108	36	to	to	PART
edu-5488	108	37	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	108	38	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	108	39	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	108	40	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	108	41	been	be	AUX
edu-5488	108	42	limited	limit	VERB
edu-5488	108	43	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	109	1	previous	previous	ADJ
edu-5488	109	2	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	109	3	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	109	4	primarily	primarily	ADV
edu-5488	109	5	focused	focus	VERB
edu-5488	109	6	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	109	7	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	109	8	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	109	9	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	109	10	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
edu-5488	109	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	109	12	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	109	13	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	109	14	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
edu-5488	109	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	109	16	reading	reading	NOUN
edu-5488	109	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	109	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	109	19	grammar	grammar	NOUN
edu-5488	109	20	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	109	21	zhang	zhang	PROPN
edu-5488	109	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	109	23	2012	2012	NUM
edu-5488	109	24	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	109	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	110	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	110	2	gap	gap	NOUN
edu-5488	110	3	highlights	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	110	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	110	5	necessity	necessity	NOUN
edu-5488	110	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	110	7	examining	examine	VERB
edu-5488	110	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	110	9	distinctive	distinctive	ADJ
edu-5488	110	10	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	110	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	110	12	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	110	13	's	's	PART
edu-5488	110	14	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	110	15	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	110	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	110	17	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	110	18	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	110	19	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	110	20	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	110	21	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	110	22	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	110	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	110	24	contributing	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	110	25	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	110	26	a	a	DET
edu-5488	110	27	more	more	ADV
edu-5488	110	28	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	110	29	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	110	30	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	110	31	mobileassisted	mobileassisted	ADJ
edu-5488	110	32	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	110	33	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	110	34	's	's	PART
edu-5488	110	35	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
edu-5488	110	36	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	110	37	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	111	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	111	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	111	3	exploring	explore	VERB
edu-5488	111	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	111	5	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	111	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	111	7	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	111	8	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	111	9	like	like	ADP
edu-5488	111	10	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	111	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	111	12	addressing	address	VERB
edu-5488	111	13	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
edu-5488	111	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	111	15	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	111	16	needs	need	VERB
edu-5488	111	17	aligns	align	VERB
edu-5488	111	18	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	111	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	111	20	shift	shift	NOUN
edu-5488	111	21	toward	toward	ADP
edu-5488	111	22	personalized	personalized	ADJ
edu-5488	111	23	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	111	24	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
edu-5488	111	25	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	111	26	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	111	27	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	111	28	kem	kem	PROPN
edu-5488	111	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	111	30	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	111	31	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	111	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	112	1	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	112	2	cross	cross	ADJ
edu-5488	112	3	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	112	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
edu-5488	112	5	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	112	6	requires	require	VERB
edu-5488	112	7	not	not	PART
edu-5488	112	8	only	only	ADV
edu-5488	112	9	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	112	10	competence	competence	NOUN
edu-5488	112	11	but	but	CCONJ
edu-5488	112	12	also	also	ADV
edu-5488	112	13	an	an	DET
edu-5488	112	14	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	112	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	112	16	cultural	cultural	ADJ
edu-5488	112	17	nuances	nuance	NOUN
edu-5488	112	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	112	19	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	112	20	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
edu-5488	112	21	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	112	22	chwialkowska	chwialkowska	NOUN
edu-5488	112	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	112	24	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	112	25	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	112	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	113	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
edu-5488	113	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	113	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	113	4	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	113	5	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	113	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	113	7	significance	significance	NOUN
edu-5488	113	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	113	9	innovative	innovative	ADJ
edu-5488	113	10	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	113	11	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	113	12	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	113	13	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	113	14	cultivate	cultivate	VERB
edu-5488	113	15	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	113	16	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	113	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	113	18	intercultural	intercultural	ADJ
edu-5488	113	19	communicative	communicative	ADJ
edu-5488	113	20	competence	competence	NOUN
edu-5488	113	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	113	22	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	113	23	a	a	DET
edu-5488	113	24	holistic	holistic	ADJ
edu-5488	113	25	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	113	26	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	113	27	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	113	28	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	113	29	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	113	30	an	an	DET
edu-5488	113	31	interconnected	interconnected	ADJ
edu-5488	113	32	world	world	NOUN
edu-5488	113	33	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	113	34	mahmoodi	mahmoodi	PROPN
edu-5488	113	35	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	113	36	yousefi	yousefi	PROPN
edu-5488	113	37	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	113	38	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	113	39	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	113	40	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	114	1	an	an	DET
edu-5488	114	2	integrative	integrative	ADJ
edu-5488	114	3	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	114	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	114	5	existing	exist	VERB
edu-5488	114	6	scholarship	scholarship	NOUN
edu-5488	114	7	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	114	8	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	114	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	114	10	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	114	11	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	114	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	114	13	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	114	14	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	114	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	114	16	underscores	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	114	17	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	114	18	's	's	PART
edu-5488	114	19	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
edu-5488	114	20	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	114	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	114	22	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	114	23	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
edu-5488	114	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	114	25	engaging	engage	VERB
edu-5488	114	26	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	114	27	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	114	28	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	114	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	115	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	115	2	evolving	evolve	VERB
edu-5488	115	3	discourse	discourse	NOUN
edu-5488	115	4	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	115	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	115	6	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	115	7	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	115	8	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
edu-5488	115	9	investigations	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	115	10	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	115	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	115	12	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	115	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	115	14	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	115	15	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	115	16	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	115	17	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	115	18	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	115	19	developing	develop	VERB
edu-5488	115	20	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	115	21	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	115	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	115	23	contributing	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	115	24	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	115	25	a	a	DET
edu-5488	115	26	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	115	27	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	115	28	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	115	29	the	the	DET
edu-5488	115	30	intricate	intricate	ADJ
edu-5488	115	31	interplay	interplay	NOUN
edu-5488	115	32	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	115	33	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	115	34	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	115	35	pedagogy	pedagogy	NOUN
edu-5488	115	36	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	115	37	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	115	38	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	115	39	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	115	40	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	115	41	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
edu-5488	115	42	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	115	43	contexts	contexts	NOUN
edu-5488	115	44	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	116	1	empirical	empirical	ADJ
edu-5488	116	2	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	116	3	exploring	explore	VERB
edu-5488	116	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	116	5	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	116	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	116	7	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	116	8	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	116	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	116	10	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	116	11	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	116	12	highlighted	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	116	13	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	116	14	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	116	15	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	116	16	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	116	17	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
edu-5488	116	18	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	116	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	116	20	sustained	sustained	ADJ
edu-5488	116	21	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	116	22	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	116	23	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	116	24	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	116	25	aldemir	aldemir	ADJ
edu-5488	116	26	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	116	27	celik	celik	VERB
edu-5488	116	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	116	29	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	116	30	kaplan	kaplan	PROPN
edu-5488	116	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	116	32	2018	2018	NUM
edu-5488	116	33	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	116	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	117	2	elements	element	NOUN
edu-5488	117	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	4	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	117	5	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	117	6	point	point	NOUN
edu-5488	117	7	systems	system	NOUN
edu-5488	117	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	117	9	leaderboards	leaderboard	NOUN
edu-5488	117	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	11	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	117	12	enhance	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	117	13	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	117	14	perseverance	perseverance	NOUN
edu-5488	117	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	117	16	commitment	commitment	NOUN
edu-5488	117	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	18	driving	drive	VERB
edu-5488	117	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	117	20	skill	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	117	21	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	117	22	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	117	23	an	an	DET
edu-5488	117	24	immersive	immersive	ADJ
edu-5488	117	25	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	117	26	environment	environment	NOUN
edu-5488	117	27	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	28	oliveira	oliveira	PROPN
edu-5488	117	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	30	souza	souza	PROPN
edu-5488	117	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	32	reis	reis	NOUN
edu-5488	117	33	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	34	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	117	35	souza	souza	PROPN
edu-5488	117	36	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	37	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	117	38	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	117	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	118	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	118	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	118	3	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	118	4	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	118	5	components	component	NOUN
edu-5488	118	6	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	118	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	118	8	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	118	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	118	10	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	118	11	shown	show	VERB
edu-5488	118	12	promise	promise	NOUN
edu-5488	118	13	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	118	14	promoting	promote	VERB
edu-5488	118	15	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
edu-5488	118	16	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	118	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	118	18	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	118	19	a	a	DET
edu-5488	118	20	sense	sense	NOUN
edu-5488	118	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	118	22	achievement	achievement	NOUN
edu-5488	118	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	118	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	118	25	nurturing	nurture	VERB
edu-5488	118	26	a	a	DET
edu-5488	118	27	positive	positive	ADJ
edu-5488	118	28	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	118	29	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	118	30	conducive	conducive	ADJ
edu-5488	118	31	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	118	32	long	long	ADJ
edu-5488	118	33	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	118	34	term	term	NOUN
edu-5488	118	35	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	118	36	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	118	37	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	118	38	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	118	39	nilubol	nilubol	NOUN
edu-5488	118	40	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	118	41	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	118	42	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	118	43	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	119	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
edu-5488	119	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	119	3	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	119	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	119	5	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	119	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	119	7	critical	critical	ADJ
edu-5488	119	8	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
edu-5488	119	9	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	119	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	119	11	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	119	12	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	119	13	understanding	understand	VERB
edu-5488	119	14	contextual	contextual	ADJ
edu-5488	119	15	nuances	nuance	NOUN
edu-5488	119	16	shaping	shape	VERB
edu-5488	119	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	119	18	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	119	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	119	20	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	119	21	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	119	22	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	119	23	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	119	24	like	like	ADP
edu-5488	119	25	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	119	26	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	119	27	behera	behera	NOUN
edu-5488	119	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	119	29	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	119	30	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	119	31	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	120	1	some	some	DET
edu-5488	120	2	scholars	scholar	NOUN
edu-5488	120	3	caution	caution	VERB
edu-5488	120	4	against	against	ADP
edu-5488	120	5	overreliance	overreliance	NOUN
edu-5488	120	6	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	120	7	extrinsic	extrinsic	ADJ
edu-5488	120	8	motivational	motivational	ADJ
edu-5488	120	9	factors	factor	NOUN
edu-5488	120	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	120	11	highlighting	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	120	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	120	13	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	120	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	120	15	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	120	16	deep	deep	ADV
edu-5488	120	17	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	120	18	seated	seat	VERB
edu-5488	120	19	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
edu-5488	120	20	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	120	21	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	120	22	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	120	23	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	120	24	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	120	25	kim	kim	PROPN
edu-5488	120	26	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	120	27	kim	kim	PROPN
edu-5488	120	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	120	29	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	120	30	holland	holland	PROPN
edu-5488	120	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	120	32	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	120	33	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	120	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	121	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	121	2	discussions	discussion	NOUN
edu-5488	121	3	underscore	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	121	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	121	5	complexity	complexity	NOUN
edu-5488	121	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	121	7	motivational	motivational	ADJ
edu-5488	121	8	factors	factor	NOUN
edu-5488	121	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	121	10	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	121	11	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	121	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	121	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	121	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	121	15	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
edu-5488	121	16	nature	nature	NOUN
edu-5488	121	17	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	121	18	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	121	19	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	121	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	121	21	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	121	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	121	23	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	121	24	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	121	25	holistic	holistic	ADJ
edu-5488	121	26	investigations	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	121	27	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	121	28	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	121	29	's	's	PART
edu-5488	121	30	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	121	31	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	121	32	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	121	33	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	121	34	abilities	ability	NOUN
edu-5488	121	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	122	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	122	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	122	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	122	4	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	122	5	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	122	6	explored	explore	VERB
edu-5488	122	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	122	8	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
edu-5488	122	9	relationships	relationship	NOUN
edu-5488	122	10	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	122	11	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	122	12	affordances	affordance	NOUN
edu-5488	122	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	122	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	122	15	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	122	16	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	122	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	122	18	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	122	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	122	20	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	122	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	122	22	a	a	DET
edu-5488	122	23	balanced	balanced	ADJ
edu-5488	122	24	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	122	25	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	122	26	leverages	leverage	VERB
edu-5488	122	27	digi	digi	NOUN
edu-5488	122	28	tal	tal	ADJ
edu-5488	122	29	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	122	30	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	122	31	recognizing	recognize	VERB
edu-5488	122	32	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	122	33	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	122	34	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	122	35	shadiev	shadiev	NOUN
edu-5488	122	36	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	122	37	yang	yang	PROPN
edu-5488	122	38	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	122	39	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	122	40	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	122	41	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	123	1	this	this	PRON
edu-5488	123	2	underscores	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	123	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	123	4	necessity	necessity	NOUN
edu-5488	123	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	123	6	an	an	DET
edu-5488	123	7	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
edu-5488	123	8	examination	examination	NOUN
edu-5488	123	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	123	10	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	123	11	's	's	PART
edu-5488	123	12	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	123	13	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	123	14	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	123	15	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	123	16	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	123	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	123	18	considering	consider	VERB
edu-5488	123	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	123	20	interplay	interplay	NOUN
edu-5488	123	21	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	123	22	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	123	23	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	123	24	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	123	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	123	26	gamified	gamified	ADJ
edu-5488	123	27	components	component	NOUN
edu-5488	123	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	123	29	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	123	30	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	123	31	socio	socio	NOUN
edu-5488	123	32	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	123	33	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	123	34	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
edu-5488	123	35	influencing	influence	VERB
edu-5488	123	36	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	123	37	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	123	38	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	123	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	124	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	124	2	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	124	3	these	these	DET
edu-5488	124	4	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
edu-5488	124	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	124	6	this	this	DET
edu-5488	124	7	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	124	8	aims	aim	VERB
edu-5488	124	9	to	to	PART
edu-5488	124	10	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	124	11	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	124	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	124	13	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
edu-5488	124	14	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	124	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	124	16	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	124	17	's	's	PART
edu-5488	124	18	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	124	19	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	124	20	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	124	21	'	'	PART
edu-5488	124	22	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	124	23	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	124	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	124	25	informing	inform	VERB
edu-5488	124	26	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	124	27	interventions	intervention	NOUN
edu-5488	124	28	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	124	29	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	124	30	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	124	31	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	124	32	assisted	assist	VERB
edu-5488	124	33	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	124	34	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	124	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	125	1	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	125	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	125	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	125	4	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	125	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	125	6	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	125	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	125	8	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	125	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	125	10	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	125	11	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	125	12	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	125	13	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	125	14	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	125	15	66	66	NUM
edu-5488	125	16	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	125	17	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	125	18	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	125	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	125	20	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	125	21	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	125	22	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	125	23	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	125	24	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	125	25	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	125	26	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	125	27	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	125	28	figure	figure	NOUN
edu-5488	125	29	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	125	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	126	1	most	most	ADJ
edu-5488	126	2	common	common	ADJ
edu-5488	126	3	topics	topic	NOUN
edu-5488	126	4	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	126	5	terms	term	NOUN
edu-5488	126	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	126	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	126	8	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	126	9	related	relate	VERB
edu-5488	126	10	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	126	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	126	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	127	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	127	2	current	current	ADJ
edu-5488	127	3	body	body	NOUN
edu-5488	127	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	127	5	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	127	6	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	127	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	127	8	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	127	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	127	10	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	127	11	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	127	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	127	13	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	127	14	seen	see	VERB
edu-5488	127	15	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	127	16	figure	figure	NOUN
edu-5488	127	17	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	127	18	primarily	primarily	ADV
edu-5488	127	19	focuses	focus	VERB
edu-5488	127	20	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	127	21	aspects	aspect	NOUN
edu-5488	127	22	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	127	23	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	127	24	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	127	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	127	26	mobile	mobile	NOUN
edu-5488	127	27	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	127	28	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	127	29	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	127	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	127	31	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	127	32	models	model	NOUN
edu-5488	127	33	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	127	34	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	127	35	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	127	36	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	127	37	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	127	38	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	127	39	english	english	PROPN
edu-5488	127	40	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	128	1	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	128	2	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	128	3	important	important	ADJ
edu-5488	128	4	to	to	PART
edu-5488	128	5	note	note	VERB
edu-5488	128	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	128	7	lack	lack	NOUN
edu-5488	128	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	128	9	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	128	10	originating	originate	VERB
edu-5488	128	11	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	128	12	turkey	turkey	PROPN
edu-5488	128	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	129	1	a	a	DET
edu-5488	129	2	thorough	thorough	ADJ
edu-5488	129	3	investigation	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	129	4	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	129	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	129	6	effects	effect	NOUN
edu-5488	129	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	129	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	129	9	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	129	10	various	various	ADJ
edu-5488	129	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	129	12	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	129	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	129	14	including	include	VERB
edu-5488	129	15	reading	reading	NOUN
edu-5488	129	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	129	17	writing	writing	NOUN
edu-5488	129	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	129	19	listening	listening	NOUN
edu-5488	129	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	129	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	129	22	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	129	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	129	24	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	129	25	notably	notably	ADV
edu-5488	129	26	absent	absent	ADJ
edu-5488	129	27	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	129	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	129	29	turkish	turkish	ADJ
edu-5488	129	30	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	129	31	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	130	1	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	130	2	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	130	3	these	these	DET
edu-5488	130	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	130	5	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	130	6	holds	hold	VERB
edu-5488	130	7	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	130	8	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	130	9	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	130	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	130	11	realm	realm	NOUN
edu-5488	130	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	130	13	acquiring	acquire	VERB
edu-5488	130	14	foreign	foreign	ADJ
edu-5488	130	15	languages	language	NOUN
edu-5488	130	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	130	17	highlighting	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	130	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	130	19	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	130	20	to	to	PART
edu-5488	130	21	examine	examine	VERB
edu-5488	130	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	130	23	's	's	PART
edu-5488	130	24	contribution	contribution	NOUN
edu-5488	130	25	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	130	26	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	130	27	these	these	DET
edu-5488	130	28	essential	essential	ADJ
edu-5488	130	29	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	130	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	131	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	131	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	131	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	131	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	131	5	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	131	6	highlights	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	131	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	131	8	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	131	9	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	131	10	a	a	DET
edu-5488	131	11	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	131	12	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	131	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	131	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	131	15	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	131	16	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	131	17	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	131	18	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	131	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	131	20	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	131	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	131	22	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	131	23	not	not	PART
edu-5488	131	24	only	only	ADV
edu-5488	131	25	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	131	26	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	131	27	but	but	CCONJ
edu-5488	131	28	also	also	ADV
edu-5488	131	29	other	other	ADJ
edu-5488	131	30	essential	essential	ADJ
edu-5488	131	31	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	131	32	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	131	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	132	1	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	132	2	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	132	3	indicated	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	132	4	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	132	5	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	132	6	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	132	7	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	132	8	enhance	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	132	9	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	132	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	132	11	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	132	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	132	13	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	132	14	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	132	15	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	132	16	more	more	ADV
edu-5488	132	17	complex	complex	ADJ
edu-5488	132	18	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	132	19	competencies	competency	NOUN
edu-5488	132	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	132	21	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	132	22	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	132	23	sociolinguistic	sociolinguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	132	24	awareness	awareness	NOUN
edu-5488	132	25	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	132	26	pragmatic	pragmatic	ADJ
edu-5488	132	27	competence	competence	NOUN
edu-5488	132	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	132	29	warrants	warrant	NOUN
edu-5488	132	30	further	further	ADJ
edu-5488	132	31	investigation	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	132	32	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	132	33	culduz	culduz	PROPN
edu-5488	132	34	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	132	35	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	132	36	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	132	37	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	133	1	understanding	understand	VERB
edu-5488	133	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	133	3	intricacies	intricacy	NOUN
edu-5488	133	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	133	5	how	how	SCONJ
edu-5488	133	6	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	133	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	133	8	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	133	9	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	133	10	like	like	ADP
edu-5488	133	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	133	12	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	133	13	influence	influence	VERB
edu-5488	133	14	these	these	DET
edu-5488	133	15	higher	high	ADJ
edu-5488	133	16	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	133	17	order	order	NOUN
edu-5488	133	18	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	133	19	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	133	20	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	133	21	crucial	crucial	ADJ
edu-5488	133	22	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	133	23	developing	develop	VERB
edu-5488	133	24	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	133	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	133	26	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	133	27	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	133	28	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	133	29	cater	cater	VERB
edu-5488	133	30	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	133	31	the	the	DET
edu-5488	133	32	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	133	33	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	133	34	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	133	35	communicative	communicative	ADJ
edu-5488	133	36	needs	need	NOUN
edu-5488	133	37	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	133	38	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	133	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	134	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	3	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
edu-5488	134	4	examinations	examination	NOUN
edu-5488	134	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	134	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	134	7	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	134	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	134	9	sociocultural	sociocultural	ADJ
edu-5488	134	10	factors	factor	NOUN
edu-5488	134	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	12	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	134	13	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
edu-5488	134	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	134	16	instructional	instructional	ADJ
edu-5488	134	17	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	134	18	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	134	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	134	20	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	134	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	134	22	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	134	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	134	24	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	134	25	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	134	26	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	134	27	offer	offer	VERB
edu-5488	134	28	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	134	29	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	134	30	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	134	31	the	the	DET
edu-5488	134	32	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
edu-5488	134	33	nature	nature	NOUN
edu-5488	134	34	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	134	35	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	134	36	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	134	37	processes	process	NOUN
edu-5488	134	38	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	134	39	the	the	DET
edu-5488	134	40	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	134	41	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	134	42	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	134	43	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	134	44	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	45	mediated	mediate	VERB
edu-5488	134	46	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	134	47	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	134	48	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	134	49	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	50	henrie	henrie	PROPN
edu-5488	134	51	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	52	halverson	halverson	PROPN
edu-5488	134	53	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	54	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	134	55	graham	graham	PROPN
edu-5488	134	56	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	57	2015	2015	NUM
edu-5488	134	58	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	134	59	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	135	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
edu-5488	135	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	135	3	this	this	PRON
edu-5488	135	4	underscores	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	135	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	135	6	necessity	necessity	NOUN
edu-5488	135	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	135	8	holistic	holistic	ADJ
edu-5488	135	9	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	135	10	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	135	11	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	135	12	consider	consider	VERB
edu-5488	135	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	135	14	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	135	15	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	135	16	ecosystem	ecosystem	NOUN
edu-5488	135	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	135	18	socio	socio	NOUN
edu-5488	135	19	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	135	20	cultural	cultural	ADJ
edu-5488	135	21	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
edu-5488	135	22	influencing	influence	VERB
edu-5488	135	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	135	24	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	135	25	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	135	26	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	135	27	thereby	thereby	ADV
edu-5488	135	28	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	135	29	a	a	DET
edu-5488	135	30	nuanced	nuanced	ADJ
edu-5488	135	31	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	135	32	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	135	33	the	the	DET
edu-5488	135	34	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	135	35	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	135	36	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	135	37	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	135	38	similar	similar	ADJ
edu-5488	135	39	applications	application	NOUN
edu-5488	135	40	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	135	41	promoting	promote	VERB
edu-5488	135	42	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	135	43	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	135	44	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	135	45	the	the	DET
edu-5488	135	46	larger	large	ADJ
edu-5488	135	47	framework	framework	NOUN
edu-5488	135	48	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	135	49	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	135	50	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	135	51	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	135	52	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	136	1	3	3	X
edu-5488	136	2	.	.	X
edu-5488	136	3	method	method	PROPN
edu-5488	136	4	3.1	3.1	NUM
edu-5488	136	5	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	137	1	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	137	2	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	137	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	137	4	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	137	5	employs	employ	VERB
edu-5488	137	6	a	a	DET
edu-5488	137	7	mixed	mixed	ADJ
edu-5488	137	8	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	137	9	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	137	10	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	137	11	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
edu-5488	137	12	both	both	DET
edu-5488	137	13	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	137	14	components	component	NOUN
edu-5488	137	15	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	137	16	pre	pre	ADJ
edu-5488	137	17	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	137	18	post	post	ADJ
edu-5488	137	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	137	20	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	137	21	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	137	22	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	137	23	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
edu-5488	137	24	exploration	exploration	NOUN
edu-5488	137	25	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	137	26	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	137	27	'	'	PART
edu-5488	137	28	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	137	29	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	137	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	138	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	138	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	138	3	seeks	seek	VERB
edu-5488	138	4	to	to	PART
edu-5488	138	5	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	138	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	138	7	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	138	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	138	9	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	138	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	138	11	a	a	DET
edu-5488	138	12	prominent	prominent	ADJ
edu-5488	138	13	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	138	14	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	138	15	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	138	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	138	17	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	138	18	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	138	19	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	138	20	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	138	21	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	138	22	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	138	23	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	138	24	methodology	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	138	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	139	1	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	139	2	aims	aim	VERB
edu-5488	139	3	to	to	PART
edu-5488	139	4	measure	measure	VERB
edu-5488	139	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	139	6	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	139	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	139	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	139	9	's	's	PART
edu-5488	139	10	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	139	11	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	139	12	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	139	13	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	139	14	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	139	15	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	139	16	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	139	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	139	18	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	139	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	139	20	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	139	21	evidenced	evidence	VERB
edu-5488	139	22	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	139	23	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	139	24	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	139	25	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	139	26	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	139	27	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	139	28	pre	pre	ADJ
edu-5488	139	29	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	139	30	post	post	ADJ
edu-5488	139	31	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	139	32	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	139	33	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	139	34	assessments	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	139	35	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	139	36	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	139	37	also	also	ADV
edu-5488	139	38	delving	delve	VERB
edu-5488	139	39	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	139	40	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	139	41	'	'	PART
edu-5488	139	42	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	139	43	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	139	44	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	139	45	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	139	46	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	139	47	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	139	48	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	139	49	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	140	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	140	2	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	140	3	aims	aim	VERB
edu-5488	140	4	to	to	PART
edu-5488	140	5	uncover	uncover	VERB
edu-5488	140	6	deeper	deep	ADJ
edu-5488	140	7	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	140	8	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	140	9	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	140	10	'	'	PART
edu-5488	140	11	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	140	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	140	13	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	140	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	140	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	140	16	subjective	subjective	ADJ
edu-5488	140	17	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	140	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	140	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	140	20	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	140	21	process	process	NOUN
edu-5488	140	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	140	23	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
edu-5488	140	24	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	140	25	a	a	DET
edu-5488	140	26	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	140	27	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	140	28	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	140	29	the	the	DET
edu-5488	140	30	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	140	31	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	140	32	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	140	33	's	's	PART
edu-5488	140	34	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	140	35	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	140	36	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	140	37	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	140	38	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	140	39	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	140	40	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	140	41	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	141	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	141	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	141	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	141	4	authorized	authorize	VERB
edu-5488	141	5	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	141	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	141	7	ethics	ethic	NOUN
edu-5488	141	8	committee	committee	PROPN
edu-5488	141	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	141	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	141	11	faculty	faculty	NOUN
edu-5488	141	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	141	13	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	141	14	sciences	science	NOUN
edu-5488	141	15	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	141	16	fırat	fırat	PROPN
edu-5488	141	17	university	university	PROPN
edu-5488	141	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	141	19	utilized	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	141	20	a	a	DET
edu-5488	141	21	quasi	quasi	ADJ
edu-5488	141	22	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	141	23	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	141	24	model	model	NOUN
edu-5488	141	25	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	141	26	a	a	DET
edu-5488	141	27	pretest	pretest	NOUN
edu-5488	141	28	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	141	29	posttest	postt	ADJ
edu-5488	141	30	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	141	31	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	141	32	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	141	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	142	1	quasi	quasi	ADJ
edu-5488	142	2	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	142	3	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	142	4	designs	design	NOUN
edu-5488	142	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	142	6	involving	involve	VERB
edu-5488	142	7	multiple	multiple	ADJ
edu-5488	142	8	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	142	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	142	10	unbiased	unbiased	ADJ
edu-5488	142	11	allocation	allocation	NOUN
edu-5488	142	12	but	but	CCONJ
edu-5488	142	13	lacking	lack	VERB
edu-5488	142	14	complete	complete	ADJ
edu-5488	142	15	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	142	16	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	142	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	142	18	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	142	19	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	142	20	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	143	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	143	2	pretest	pret	ADJ
edu-5488	143	3	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	143	4	posttest	postt	ADJ
edu-5488	143	5	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	143	6	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	143	7	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	143	8	involved	involve	VERB
edu-5488	143	9	both	both	CCONJ
edu-5488	143	10	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	143	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	143	12	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	143	13	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	143	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	143	15	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	143	16	measurements	measurement	NOUN
edu-5488	143	17	taken	take	VERB
edu-5488	143	18	before	before	ADV
edu-5488	143	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	143	20	after	after	ADP
edu-5488	143	21	the	the	DET
edu-5488	143	22	experiment	experiment	NOUN
edu-5488	143	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	144	1	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	144	2	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	144	3	essential	essential	ADJ
edu-5488	144	4	to	to	PART
edu-5488	144	5	consider	consider	VERB
edu-5488	144	6	any	any	DET
edu-5488	144	7	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	144	8	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	144	9	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	144	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	144	11	initial	initial	ADJ
edu-5488	144	12	measurements	measurement	NOUN
edu-5488	144	13	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	144	14	this	this	DET
edu-5488	144	15	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	144	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	145	1	a	a	DET
edu-5488	145	2	non	non	ADJ
edu-5488	145	3	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	145	4	equivalent	equivalent	ADJ
edu-5488	145	5	comparison	comparison	NOUN
edu-5488	145	6	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	145	7	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	145	8	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	145	9	selected	select	VERB
edu-5488	145	10	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	145	11	this	this	DET
edu-5488	145	12	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	145	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	145	14	comprising	comprise	VERB
edu-5488	145	15	both	both	CCONJ
edu-5488	145	16	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	145	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	145	18	comparison	comparison	NOUN
edu-5488	145	19	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	145	20	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	146	1	however	however	ADV
edu-5488	146	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	146	3	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	146	4	this	this	DET
edu-5488	146	5	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	146	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	146	7	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	146	8	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	146	9	not	not	PART
edu-5488	146	10	randomly	randomly	ADV
edu-5488	146	11	assigned	assign	VERB
edu-5488	146	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	146	13	potentially	potentially	ADV
edu-5488	146	14	leading	lead	VERB
edu-5488	146	15	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	146	16	uncontrolled	uncontrolled	ADJ
edu-5488	146	17	variables	variable	NOUN
edu-5488	146	18	affecting	affect	VERB
edu-5488	146	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	146	20	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	146	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	147	1	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	147	2	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	147	3	selected	select	VERB
edu-5488	147	4	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	147	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	147	6	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	147	7	criteria	criterion	NOUN
edu-5488	147	8	to	to	PART
edu-5488	147	9	enhance	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	147	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	147	11	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	147	12	's	's	PART
edu-5488	147	13	validity	validity	NOUN
edu-5488	147	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	147	15	reliability	reliability	NOUN
edu-5488	147	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	148	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	148	2	pretest	pret	ADJ
edu-5488	148	3	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	148	4	posttest	postt	ADJ
edu-5488	148	5	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	148	6	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	148	7	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	148	8	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	148	9	used	use	VERB
edu-5488	148	10	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	148	11	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	148	12	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	148	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	148	14	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	148	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	148	16	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	148	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	148	18	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	148	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	148	20	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	148	21	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	148	22	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	148	23	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	148	24	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	148	25	67	67	NUM
edu-5488	148	26	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	148	27	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	148	28	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	148	29	the	the	DET
edu-5488	148	30	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	148	31	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	148	32	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	148	33	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	148	34	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	148	35	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	148	36	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	148	37	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	148	38	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
edu-5488	148	39	changes	change	NOUN
edu-5488	148	40	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	148	41	the	the	DET
edu-5488	148	42	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	148	43	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	148	44	the	the	DET
edu-5488	148	45	program	program	NOUN
edu-5488	148	46	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	148	47	the	the	DET
edu-5488	148	48	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	148	49	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	148	50	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	148	51	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	148	52	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	149	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	149	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	149	3	an	an	DET
edu-5488	149	4	achievement	achievement	NOUN
edu-5488	149	5	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	149	6	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	149	7	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	149	8	to	to	PART
edu-5488	149	9	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	149	10	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	149	11	'	'	PART
edu-5488	149	12	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
edu-5488	149	13	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	149	14	after	after	ADP
edu-5488	149	15	the	the	DET
edu-5488	149	16	program	program	NOUN
edu-5488	149	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	150	1	3.2	3.2	NUM
edu-5488	150	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	151	1	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	151	2	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	151	3	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	151	4	this	this	DET
edu-5488	151	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	151	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	151	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	151	8	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	151	9	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	151	10	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	151	11	divided	divide	VERB
edu-5488	151	12	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	151	13	separate	separate	ADJ
edu-5488	151	14	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	151	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	151	16	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	151	17	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	151	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	151	19	allowing	allow	VERB
edu-5488	151	20	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	151	21	an	an	DET
edu-5488	151	22	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
edu-5488	151	23	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	151	24	how	how	SCONJ
edu-5488	151	25	the	the	DET
edu-5488	151	26	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	151	27	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	151	28	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	151	29	app	app	NOUN
edu-5488	151	30	affected	affect	VERB
edu-5488	151	31	the	the	DET
edu-5488	151	32	english	english	ADJ
edu-5488	151	33	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	151	34	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	151	35	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	151	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	152	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	152	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	152	3	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	152	4	consisted	consist	VERB
edu-5488	152	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	152	6	thirty	thirty	NUM
edu-5488	152	7	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	152	8	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	152	9	10th	10th	ADJ
edu-5488	152	10	grade	grade	NOUN
edu-5488	152	11	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	152	12	who	who	PRON
edu-5488	152	13	used	use	VERB
edu-5488	152	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	152	15	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	152	16	app	app	NOUN
edu-5488	152	17	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	152	18	home	home	NOUN
edu-5488	152	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	152	20	utilizing	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	152	21	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	152	22	personal	personal	ADJ
edu-5488	152	23	computers	computer	NOUN
edu-5488	152	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	152	25	internet	internet	NOUN
edu-5488	152	26	connections	connection	NOUN
edu-5488	152	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	153	1	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	153	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	153	3	other	other	ADJ
edu-5488	153	4	hand	hand	NOUN
edu-5488	153	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	153	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	153	7	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	153	8	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	153	9	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	153	10	randomly	randomly	ADV
edu-5488	153	11	selected	select	VERB
edu-5488	153	12	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	153	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	153	14	same	same	ADJ
edu-5488	153	15	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	153	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	153	17	ensuring	ensure	VERB
edu-5488	153	18	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	153	19	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	153	20	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	153	21	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	153	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	153	23	same	same	ADJ
edu-5488	153	24	grade	grade	NOUN
edu-5488	153	25	level	level	NOUN
edu-5488	153	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	154	1	3.3	3.3	NUM
edu-5488	154	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	155	1	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	155	2	collection	collection	NOUN
edu-5488	155	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	155	4	primary	primary	ADJ
edu-5488	155	5	data	data	NOUN
edu-5488	155	6	collection	collection	NOUN
edu-5488	155	7	tool	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	155	8	used	use	VERB
edu-5488	155	9	to	to	PART
edu-5488	155	10	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	155	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	155	12	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	155	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	155	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	155	15	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	155	16	app	app	NOUN
edu-5488	155	17	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	155	18	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	155	19	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	155	20	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	155	21	the	the	DET
edu-5488	155	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	155	23	website	website	NOUN
edu-5488	155	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	155	25	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	155	26	offers	offer	VERB
edu-5488	155	27	a	a	DET
edu-5488	155	28	range	range	NOUN
edu-5488	155	29	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	155	30	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	155	31	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	155	32	activities	activity	NOUN
edu-5488	155	33	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	155	34	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	155	35	reading	reading	NOUN
edu-5488	155	36	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	155	37	writing	writing	NOUN
edu-5488	155	38	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	155	39	listening	listening	NOUN
edu-5488	155	40	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	155	41	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	155	42	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	155	43	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	155	44	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	156	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	156	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	156	3	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	156	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	156	5	use	use	NOUN
edu-5488	156	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	156	7	both	both	CCONJ
edu-5488	156	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	156	9	website	website	NOUN
edu-5488	156	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	156	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	156	12	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	156	13	app	app	NOUN
edu-5488	156	14	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	156	15	data	data	NOUN
edu-5488	156	16	collection	collection	NOUN
edu-5488	156	17	to	to	PART
edu-5488	156	18	measure	measure	VERB
edu-5488	156	19	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	156	20	skill	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	156	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	156	22	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	156	23	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	156	24	presented	present	VERB
edu-5488	156	25	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	156	26	tables	table	NOUN
edu-5488	156	27	to	to	PART
edu-5488	156	28	track	track	VERB
edu-5488	156	29	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	156	30	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	156	31	over	over	ADP
edu-5488	156	32	time	time	NOUN
edu-5488	156	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	157	1	appendix	appendix	VERB
edu-5488	157	2	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	157	3	illustrates	illustrate	VERB
edu-5488	157	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	157	5	time	time	NOUN
edu-5488	157	6	during	during	ADP
edu-5488	157	7	when	when	SCONJ
edu-5488	157	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	157	9	interlocutor	interlocutor	NOUN
edu-5488	157	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	157	11	alongside	alongside	ADP
edu-5488	157	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	157	13	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	157	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	157	15	engage	engage	VERB
edu-5488	157	16	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	157	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	157	18	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	157	19	examination	examination	NOUN
edu-5488	157	20	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	157	21	see	see	VERB
edu-5488	157	22	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	157	23	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	157	24	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	157	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	158	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	158	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	158	3	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	158	4	highlights	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	158	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	158	6	functionality	functionality	NOUN
edu-5488	158	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	158	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	158	9	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	158	10	website	website	NOUN
edu-5488	158	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	158	12	monitoring	monitor	VERB
edu-5488	158	13	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	158	14	activities	activity	NOUN
edu-5488	158	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	158	16	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	158	17	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	158	18	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	158	19	an	an	DET
edu-5488	158	20	online	online	ADJ
edu-5488	158	21	dashboard	dashboard	NOUN
edu-5488	158	22	to	to	PART
edu-5488	158	23	track	track	VERB
edu-5488	158	24	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	158	25	progress	progress	NOUN
edu-5488	158	26	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	158	27	different	different	ADJ
edu-5488	158	28	devices	device	NOUN
edu-5488	158	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	159	1	similarly	similarly	ADV
edu-5488	159	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	159	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	159	4	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	159	5	app	app	NOUN
edu-5488	159	6	allows	allow	VERB
edu-5488	159	7	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	159	8	to	to	PART
edu-5488	159	9	access	access	VERB
edu-5488	159	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	159	11	site	site	NOUN
edu-5488	159	12	via	via	ADP
edu-5488	159	13	smartphones	smartphone	NOUN
edu-5488	159	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	159	15	enabling	enable	VERB
edu-5488	159	16	them	they	PRON
edu-5488	159	17	to	to	PART
edu-5488	159	18	monitor	monitor	VERB
edu-5488	159	19	progress	progress	NOUN
edu-5488	159	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	159	21	complete	complete	ADJ
edu-5488	159	22	lessons	lesson	NOUN
edu-5488	159	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	159	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	159	25	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	159	26	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	159	27	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	159	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	160	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	160	2	second	second	ADJ
edu-5488	160	3	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	160	4	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	160	5	collected	collect	VERB
edu-5488	160	6	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	160	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	160	8	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	160	9	exam	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	160	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	160	11	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
edu-5488	160	12	university	university	PROPN
edu-5488	160	13	press	press	NOUN
edu-5488	160	14	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	160	15	see	see	VERB
edu-5488	160	16	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	160	17	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	160	18	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	160	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	161	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	161	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	161	3	introduces	introduce	VERB
edu-5488	161	4	a	a	DET
edu-5488	161	5	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	161	6	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	161	7	exam	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	161	8	provided	provide	VERB
edu-5488	161	9	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	161	10	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
edu-5488	161	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	161	12	purchased	purchase	VERB
edu-5488	161	13	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	161	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	161	15	ministry	ministry	PROPN
edu-5488	161	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	161	17	national	national	ADJ
edu-5488	161	18	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	161	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	162	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	162	2	exam	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	162	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	162	4	administered	administer	VERB
edu-5488	162	5	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	162	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	162	7	https://www.eba.gov.tr/eicerik/cambridge	https://www.eba.gov.tr/eicerik/cambridge	PROPN
edu-5488	162	8	website	website	NOUN
edu-5488	162	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	162	10	follows	follow	VERB
edu-5488	162	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	162	12	european	european	PROPN
edu-5488	162	13	language	language	PROPN
edu-5488	162	14	portfolio	portfolio	NOUN
edu-5488	162	15	standards	standard	NOUN
edu-5488	162	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	162	17	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	162	18	considered	consider	VERB
edu-5488	162	19	reliable	reliable	ADJ
edu-5488	162	20	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	162	21	valid	valid	ADJ
edu-5488	162	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	162	23	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	162	24	catering	cater	VERB
edu-5488	162	25	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	162	26	a2	a2	NOUN
edu-5488	162	27	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	162	28	level	level	NOUN
edu-5488	162	29	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	162	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	163	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	163	2	exam	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	163	3	evaluates	evaluate	VERB
edu-5488	163	4	listening	listen	VERB
edu-5488	163	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	163	6	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	163	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	163	8	writing	writing	NOUN
edu-5488	163	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	163	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	163	11	reading	reading	NOUN
edu-5488	163	12	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	163	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	163	14	selected	select	VERB
edu-5488	163	15	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	163	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	163	17	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	163	18	think	think	VERB
edu-5488	163	19	turkey	turkey	PROPN
edu-5488	163	20	a2	a2	PROPN
edu-5488	163	21	level	level	NOUN
edu-5488	163	22	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	163	23	book	book	NOUN
edu-5488	163	24	's	's	PART
edu-5488	163	25	final	final	ADJ
edu-5488	163	26	unit	unit	NOUN
edu-5488	163	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	164	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	164	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	164	3	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
edu-5488	164	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	164	5	established	establish	VERB
edu-5488	164	6	reliability	reliability	NOUN
edu-5488	164	7	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	164	8	validity	validity	NOUN
edu-5488	164	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	164	10	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
edu-5488	164	11	esol	esol	PROPN
edu-5488	164	12	exams	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	164	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	164	14	supported	support	VERB
edu-5488	164	15	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	164	16	content	content	NOUN
edu-5488	164	17	aligned	align	VERB
edu-5488	164	18	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	164	19	cefr	cefr	NOUN
edu-5488	164	20	standards	standard	NOUN
edu-5488	164	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	164	22	extensive	extensive	ADJ
edu-5488	164	23	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	164	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	165	1	inspite	inspite	ADJ
edu-5488	165	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	165	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	165	4	recognized	recognize	VERB
edu-5488	165	5	strengths	strength	NOUN
edu-5488	165	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	165	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	165	8	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	165	9	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
edu-5488	165	10	some	some	DET
edu-5488	165	11	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	165	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	165	13	cefr	cefr	NOUN
edu-5488	165	14	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	165	15	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	165	16	assessments	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	165	17	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	165	18	capturing	capture	VERB
edu-5488	165	19	individual	individual	ADJ
edu-5488	165	20	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	165	21	identities	identity	NOUN
edu-5488	165	22	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	165	23	activities	activity	NOUN
edu-5488	165	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	165	25	although	although	SCONJ
edu-5488	165	26	these	these	DET
edu-5488	165	27	assessments	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	165	28	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	165	29	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	165	30	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	165	31	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	165	32	autonomy	autonomy	NOUN
edu-5488	165	33	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	165	34	see	see	VERB
edu-5488	165	35	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	165	36	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	165	37	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	165	38	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	166	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	166	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	166	3	underscores	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	166	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	166	5	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	166	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	166	7	careful	careful	ADJ
edu-5488	166	8	administration	administration	NOUN
edu-5488	166	9	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	166	10	see	see	VERB
edu-5488	166	11	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	166	12	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	166	13	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	166	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	166	15	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN
edu-5488	166	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	166	17	cefr	cefr	NOUN
edu-5488	166	18	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	166	19	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	166	20	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	166	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	167	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	167	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	167	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	167	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	167	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	167	6	confirms	confirm	VERB
edu-5488	167	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	167	8	reliability	reliability	NOUN
edu-5488	167	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	167	10	validity	validity	NOUN
edu-5488	167	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	167	12	cambridge	cambridge	NOUN
edu-5488	167	13	exams	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	167	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	167	15	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	167	16	those	those	PRON
edu-5488	167	17	aligned	align	VERB
edu-5488	167	18	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	167	19	cefr	cefr	NOUN
edu-5488	167	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	167	21	affirming	affirm	VERB
edu-5488	167	22	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	167	23	credibility	credibility	NOUN
edu-5488	167	24	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	167	25	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	167	26	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	167	27	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	167	28	accurately	accurately	ADV
edu-5488	167	29	assessing	assess	VERB
edu-5488	167	30	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	167	31	'	'	PART
edu-5488	167	32	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	167	33	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	167	34	levels	level	NOUN
edu-5488	167	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	168	1	3.4	3.4	NUM
edu-5488	168	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	168	3	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	168	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	168	5	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	168	6	some	some	DET
edu-5488	168	7	countries	country	NOUN
edu-5488	168	8	mandatory	mandatory	ADJ
edu-5488	168	9	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	168	10	exams	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	168	11	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	168	12	introduced	introduce	VERB
edu-5488	168	13	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	168	14	high	high	ADJ
edu-5488	168	15	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	168	16	foreign	foreign	ADJ
edu-5488	168	17	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	168	18	courses	course	NOUN
edu-5488	168	19	to	to	PART
edu-5488	168	20	enhance	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	168	21	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	168	22	'	'	PART
edu-5488	168	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	168	24	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	168	25	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	168	26	listening	listening	NOUN
edu-5488	168	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	168	28	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	168	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	168	30	reading	reading	NOUN
edu-5488	168	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	168	32	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	168	33	writing	writing	NOUN
edu-5488	168	34	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	168	35	saito	saito	PROPN
edu-5488	168	36	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	168	37	2019	2019	NUM
edu-5488	168	38	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	168	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	169	1	however	however	ADV
edu-5488	169	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	169	3	there	there	PRON
edu-5488	169	4	is	be	VERB
edu-5488	169	5	a	a	DET
edu-5488	169	6	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	169	7	to	to	PART
edu-5488	169	8	explore	explore	VERB
edu-5488	169	9	alternative	alternative	ADJ
edu-5488	169	10	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	169	11	to	to	PART
edu-5488	169	12	support	support	VERB
edu-5488	169	13	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	169	14	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	169	15	terms	term	NOUN
edu-5488	169	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	169	17	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	169	18	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	169	19	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	169	20	there	there	PRON
edu-5488	169	21	is	be	VERB
edu-5488	169	22	a	a	DET
edu-5488	169	23	lack	lack	NOUN
edu-5488	169	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	169	25	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	169	26	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	169	27	terms	term	NOUN
edu-5488	169	28	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	169	29	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	169	30	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	169	31	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	169	32	exams	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	169	33	gathering	gather	VERB
edu-5488	169	34	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	169	35	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	169	36	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	169	37	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	169	38	as	as	ADV
edu-5488	169	39	well	well	ADV
edu-5488	169	40	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	170	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	170	2	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	170	3	to	to	PART
edu-5488	170	4	explore	explore	VERB
edu-5488	170	5	alternative	alternative	ADJ
edu-5488	170	6	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	170	7	to	to	PART
edu-5488	170	8	support	support	VERB
edu-5488	170	9	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	170	10	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	170	11	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	170	12	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	170	13	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	170	14	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	170	15	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	170	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	170	17	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	170	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	170	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	170	20	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	170	21	arises	arise	VERB
edu-5488	170	22	due	due	ADJ
edu-5488	170	23	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	170	24	a	a	DET
edu-5488	170	25	noticeable	noticeable	ADJ
edu-5488	170	26	lack	lack	NOUN
edu-5488	170	27	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	170	28	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	170	29	specifically	specifically	ADV
edu-5488	170	30	focused	focus	VERB
edu-5488	170	31	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	170	32	this	this	DET
edu-5488	170	33	aspect	aspect	NOUN
edu-5488	170	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	171	1	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	171	2	a	a	DET
edu-5488	171	3	result	result	NOUN
edu-5488	171	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	171	5	there	there	PRON
edu-5488	171	6	is	be	VERB
edu-5488	171	7	limited	limited	ADJ
edu-5488	171	8	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	171	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	171	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	171	11	challenges	challenge	NOUN
edu-5488	171	12	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	171	13	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	171	14	needs	need	NOUN
edu-5488	171	15	related	relate	VERB
edu-5488	171	16	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	171	17	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	171	18	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	171	19	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	171	20	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	171	21	the	the	DET
edu-5488	171	22	local	local	ADJ
edu-5488	171	23	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	171	24	setting	setting	NOUN
edu-5488	171	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	172	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	172	2	conducting	conduct	VERB
edu-5488	172	3	further	further	ADJ
edu-5488	172	4	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	172	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	172	6	investigating	investigate	VERB
edu-5488	172	7	alternative	alternative	ADJ
edu-5488	172	8	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	172	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	172	10	educators	educator	NOUN
edu-5488	172	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	172	12	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
edu-5488	172	13	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	172	14	gain	gain	VERB
edu-5488	172	15	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	172	16	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	172	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	172	18	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	172	19	challenges	challenge	NOUN
edu-5488	172	20	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	172	21	face	face	VERB
edu-5488	172	22	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	172	23	developing	develop	VERB
edu-5488	172	24	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	172	25	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	172	26	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	172	27	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	172	28	arroba	arroba	NOUN
edu-5488	172	29	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	172	30	acosta	acosta	PROPN
edu-5488	172	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	172	32	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	172	33	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	172	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	173	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	173	2	exploration	exploration	NOUN
edu-5488	173	3	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	173	4	pave	pave	VERB
edu-5488	173	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	173	6	way	way	NOUN
edu-5488	173	7	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	173	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	173	9	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	173	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	173	11	tailored	tailored	ADJ
edu-5488	173	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	173	13	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	173	14	programs	program	NOUN
edu-5488	173	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	173	16	initiatives	initiative	NOUN
edu-5488	173	17	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	173	18	effectively	effectively	ADV
edu-5488	173	19	address	address	VERB
edu-5488	173	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	173	21	unique	unique	ADJ
edu-5488	173	22	requirements	requirement	NOUN
edu-5488	173	23	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	173	24	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	173	25	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	173	26	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	173	27	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	173	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	173	29	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
edu-5488	173	30	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	173	31	more	more	ADV
edu-5488	173	32	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	173	33	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	173	34	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	173	35	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	173	36	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	173	37	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	174	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
edu-5488	174	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	174	3	assessing	assess	VERB
edu-5488	174	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	174	5	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	174	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	174	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	174	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	174	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	174	10	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	174	11	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	174	12	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	174	13	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	174	14	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	174	15	'	'	PART
edu-5488	174	16	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	174	17	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	174	18	these	these	DET
edu-5488	174	19	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	174	20	exams	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	174	21	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	174	22	crucial	crucial	ADJ
edu-5488	174	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	175	1	to	to	PART
edu-5488	175	2	foster	foster	VERB
edu-5488	175	3	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	175	4	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	175	5	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	175	6	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	175	7	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	175	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	175	9	this	this	DET
edu-5488	175	10	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	175	11	aims	aim	VERB
edu-5488	175	12	to	to	PART
edu-5488	175	13	comprehensively	comprehensively	ADV
edu-5488	175	14	investigate	investigate	VERB
edu-5488	175	15	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	175	16	's	's	PART
edu-5488	175	17	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	175	18	contribution	contribution	NOUN
edu-5488	175	19	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	175	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	175	21	english	english	ADJ
edu-5488	175	22	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	175	23	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	175	24	process	process	NOUN
edu-5488	175	25	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	175	26	secondary	secondary	ADJ
edu-5488	175	27	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	175	28	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	175	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	175	30	addressing	address	VERB
edu-5488	175	31	all	all	DET
edu-5488	175	32	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	175	33	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	175	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	176	1	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	176	2	limited	limited	ADJ
edu-5488	176	3	existing	exist	VERB
edu-5488	176	4	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	176	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	176	6	this	this	DET
edu-5488	176	7	topic	topic	NOUN
edu-5488	176	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	176	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	176	10	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	176	11	's	's	PART
edu-5488	176	12	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	176	13	could	could	AUX
edu-5488	176	14	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	176	15	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	176	16	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	176	17	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	176	18	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	176	19	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	176	20	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	176	21	foreign	foreign	ADJ
edu-5488	176	22	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	176	23	instruction	instruction	NOUN
edu-5488	176	24	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	176	25	turkey	turkey	PROPN
edu-5488	176	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	177	1	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
edu-5488	177	2	serves	serve	VERB
edu-5488	177	3	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	177	4	a	a	DET
edu-5488	177	5	widely	widely	ADV
edu-5488	177	6	used	use	VERB
edu-5488	177	7	computer	computer	NOUN
edu-5488	177	8	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	177	9	assisted	assist	VERB
edu-5488	177	10	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	177	11	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	177	12	platform	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	177	13	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	177	14	combines	combine	VERB
edu-5488	177	15	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	177	16	principles	principle	NOUN
edu-5488	177	17	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	177	18	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
edu-5488	177	19	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	177	20	techniques	technique	NOUN
edu-5488	177	21	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	177	22	munday	munday	PROPN
edu-5488	177	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	177	24	2017	2017	NUM
edu-5488	177	25	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	177	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	178	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	178	2	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	178	3	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	178	4	process	process	NOUN
edu-5488	178	5	involves	involve	VERB
edu-5488	178	6	selecting	select	VERB
edu-5488	178	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	178	8	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	178	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	178	10	setting	set	VERB
edu-5488	178	11	daily	daily	ADJ
edu-5488	178	12	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	178	13	goals	goal	NOUN
edu-5488	178	14	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	178	15	shortt	shortt	PROPN
edu-5488	178	16	et	et	PROPN
edu-5488	178	17	al	al	PROPN
edu-5488	178	18	.	.	PROPN
edu-5488	178	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	178	20	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	178	21	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	178	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	179	1	users	user	NOUN
edu-5488	179	2	interact	interact	VERB
edu-5488	179	3	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	179	4	compact	compact	ADJ
edu-5488	179	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	179	6	modularized	modularize	VERB
edu-5488	179	7	lessons	lesson	NOUN
edu-5488	179	8	designed	design	VERB
edu-5488	179	9	to	to	PART
edu-5488	179	10	improve	improve	VERB
edu-5488	179	11	listening	listening	NOUN
edu-5488	179	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	179	13	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	179	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	179	15	reading	reading	NOUN
edu-5488	179	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	179	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	179	18	writing	writing	NOUN
edu-5488	179	19	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	179	20	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	180	1	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	180	2	elements	element	NOUN
edu-5488	180	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	180	4	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	180	5	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	180	6	achievements	achievement	NOUN
edu-5488	180	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	180	8	progress	progress	NOUN
edu-5488	180	9	levels	level	NOUN
edu-5488	180	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	180	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	180	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	180	13	point	point	NOUN
edu-5488	180	14	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	180	15	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	180	16	reward	reward	NOUN
edu-5488	180	17	system	system	NOUN
edu-5488	180	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	180	19	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	180	20	strategically	strategically	ADV
edu-5488	180	21	integrated	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	180	22	to	to	PART
edu-5488	180	23	encourage	encourage	VERB
edu-5488	180	24	continuous	continuous	ADJ
edu-5488	180	25	participation	participation	NOUN
edu-5488	180	26	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	180	27	motivate	motivate	ADJ
edu-5488	180	28	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	180	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	181	1	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
edu-5488	181	2	employs	employ	VERB
edu-5488	181	3	a	a	DET
edu-5488	181	4	variety	variety	NOUN
edu-5488	181	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	181	6	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	181	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	181	8	including	include	VERB
edu-5488	181	9	translation	translation	NOUN
edu-5488	181	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	181	11	matching	matching	NOUN
edu-5488	181	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	181	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	181	14	speech	speech	NOUN
edu-5488	181	15	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	181	16	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	181	17	challenges	challenge	NOUN
edu-5488	181	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	181	19	to	to	PART
edu-5488	181	20	reinforce	reinforce	VERB
edu-5488	181	21	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	181	22	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	181	23	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	181	24	retention	retention	NOUN
edu-5488	181	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	182	1	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	182	2	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
edu-5488	182	3	algorithm	algorithm	NOUN
edu-5488	182	4	adjusts	adjust	VERB
edu-5488	182	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	182	6	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
edu-5488	182	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	182	8	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	182	9	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	182	10	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	182	11	user	user	NOUN
edu-5488	182	12	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	182	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	182	14	creating	create	VERB
edu-5488	182	15	a	a	DET
edu-5488	182	16	personalized	personalized	ADJ
edu-5488	182	17	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	182	18	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	182	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	183	1	importantly	importantly	ADV
edu-5488	183	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	183	3	users	user	NOUN
edu-5488	183	4	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	183	5	track	track	VERB
edu-5488	183	6	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	183	7	progress	progress	NOUN
edu-5488	183	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	183	9	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	183	10	completed	complete	VERB
edu-5488	183	11	modules	module	NOUN
edu-5488	183	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	183	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	183	14	participate	participate	VERB
edu-5488	183	15	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	183	16	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	183	17	discussions	discussion	NOUN
edu-5488	183	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	183	19	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	183	20	a	a	DET
edu-5488	183	21	collaborative	collaborative	ADJ
edu-5488	183	22	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	183	23	community	community	NOUN
edu-5488	183	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	184	1	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	184	2	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	184	3	user	user	NOUN
edu-5488	184	4	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	184	5	friendly	friendly	ADJ
edu-5488	184	6	interface	interface	NOUN
edu-5488	184	7	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	184	8	inclusive	inclusive	ADJ
edu-5488	184	9	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	184	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	184	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	184	12	accommodates	accommodate	VERB
edu-5488	184	13	a	a	DET
edu-5488	184	14	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	184	15	user	user	NOUN
edu-5488	184	16	base	base	NOUN
edu-5488	184	17	globally	globally	ADV
edu-5488	184	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	184	19	ensuring	ensure	VERB
edu-5488	184	20	accessibility	accessibility	NOUN
edu-5488	184	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	184	22	convenience	convenience	NOUN
edu-5488	184	23	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	184	24	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	184	25	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	184	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	185	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	185	2	process	process	NOUN
edu-5488	185	3	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	185	4	outlined	outline	VERB
edu-5488	185	5	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	185	6	figure	figure	NOUN
edu-5488	185	7	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	185	8	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	185	9	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	185	10	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	185	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	185	12	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	185	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	185	14	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	185	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	185	16	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	185	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	185	18	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	185	19	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	185	20	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	185	21	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	185	22	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	185	23	68	68	NUM
edu-5488	185	24	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	185	25	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	185	26	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	185	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	185	28	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	185	29	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	185	30	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	185	31	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	185	32	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	185	33	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	185	34	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	185	35	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	185	36	figure	figure	NOUN
edu-5488	185	37	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	185	38	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	185	39	schematic	schematic	ADJ
edu-5488	185	40	representation	representation	NOUN
edu-5488	185	41	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	185	42	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	185	43	's	's	PART
edu-5488	185	44	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
edu-5488	185	45	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	185	46	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	185	47	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	185	48	framework	framework	NOUN
edu-5488	185	49	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	185	50	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	185	51	user	user	NOUN
edu-5488	185	52	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	185	53	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	186	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	186	2	expansion	expansion	NOUN
edu-5488	186	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	186	4	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	186	5	technologies	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	186	6	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	186	7	triggered	trigger	VERB
edu-5488	186	8	a	a	DET
edu-5488	186	9	transformation	transformation	NOUN
edu-5488	186	10	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	186	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	186	12	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	186	13	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	186	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	186	15	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	186	16	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	186	17	emerging	emerge	VERB
edu-5488	186	18	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	186	19	a	a	DET
edu-5488	186	20	prominent	prominent	ADJ
edu-5488	186	21	leader	leader	NOUN
edu-5488	186	22	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	186	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	186	24	sphere	sphere	NOUN
edu-5488	186	25	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	186	26	online	online	ADJ
edu-5488	186	27	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	186	28	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	186	29	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	186	30	blake	blake	NOUN
edu-5488	186	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	186	32	2011	2011	NUM
edu-5488	186	33	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	186	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	187	1	introduced	introduce	VERB
edu-5488	187	2	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	187	3	an	an	DET
edu-5488	187	4	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	187	5	platform	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	187	6	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	187	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	187	8	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	187	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	187	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	187	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	187	12	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	187	13	webpage	webpage	NOUN
edu-5488	187	14	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	187	15	effectively	effectively	ADV
edu-5488	187	16	revolutionized	revolutionize	VERB
edu-5488	187	17	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	187	18	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	187	19	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	187	20	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	188	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	188	2	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	188	3	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	188	4	techniques	technique	NOUN
edu-5488	188	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	188	6	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
edu-5488	188	7	algorithms	algorithm	NOUN
edu-5488	188	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	188	9	this	this	DET
edu-5488	188	10	user	user	NOUN
edu-5488	188	11	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	188	12	friendly	friendly	ADJ
edu-5488	188	13	interface	interface	NOUN
edu-5488	188	14	offers	offer	VERB
edu-5488	188	15	an	an	DET
edu-5488	188	16	immersive	immersive	ADJ
edu-5488	188	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	188	18	tailored	tailor	VERB
edu-5488	188	19	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	188	20	journey	journey	NOUN
edu-5488	188	21	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	188	22	a	a	DET
edu-5488	188	23	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	188	24	array	array	NOUN
edu-5488	188	25	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	188	26	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	188	27	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	188	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	1	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	189	2	a	a	DET
edu-5488	189	3	rich	rich	ADJ
edu-5488	189	4	array	array	NOUN
edu-5488	189	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	189	6	more	more	ADJ
edu-5488	189	7	than	than	ADP
edu-5488	189	8	30	30	NUM
edu-5488	189	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	189	10	courses	course	NOUN
edu-5488	189	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	189	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	189	14	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	189	15	webpage	webpage	NOUN
edu-5488	189	16	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	189	17	gained	gain	VERB
edu-5488	189	18	widespread	widespread	ADJ
edu-5488	189	19	acclaim	acclaim	NOUN
edu-5488	189	20	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	189	21	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	189	22	innovative	innovative	ADJ
edu-5488	189	23	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	189	24	accessible	accessible	ADJ
edu-5488	189	25	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	189	26	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	27	appealing	appeal	VERB
edu-5488	189	28	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	189	29	global	global	ADJ
edu-5488	189	30	audiences	audience	NOUN
edu-5488	189	31	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	189	32	search	search	NOUN
edu-5488	189	33	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	189	34	flexible	flexible	ADJ
edu-5488	189	35	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	189	36	cost	cost	NOUN
edu-5488	189	37	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	38	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	189	39	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	189	40	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	189	41	solutions	solution	NOUN
edu-5488	189	42	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	43	budhwar	budhwar	PROPN
edu-5488	189	44	et	et	PROPN
edu-5488	189	45	al	al	PROPN
edu-5488	189	46	.	.	PROPN
edu-5488	189	47	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	48	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	189	49	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	50	pearson	pearson	PROPN
edu-5488	189	51	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	52	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	189	53	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	189	54	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	190	1	serving	serve	VERB
edu-5488	190	2	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	190	3	an	an	DET
edu-5488	190	4	emblem	emblem	NOUN
edu-5488	190	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	190	6	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	190	7	progress	progress	NOUN
edu-5488	190	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	190	9	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	190	10	continues	continue	VERB
edu-5488	190	11	to	to	PART
edu-5488	190	12	redefine	redefine	VERB
edu-5488	190	13	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
edu-5488	190	14	teaching	teaching	NOUN
edu-5488	190	15	practices	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	190	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	190	17	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	190	18	convenient	convenient	ADJ
edu-5488	190	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	190	20	efficient	efficient	ADJ
edu-5488	190	21	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	190	22	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	190	23	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	190	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	190	25	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	190	26	realm	realm	NOUN
edu-5488	190	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	191	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	191	2	interface	interface	NOUN
edu-5488	191	3	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	191	4	additional	additional	ADJ
edu-5488	191	5	information	information	NOUN
edu-5488	191	6	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	191	7	displayed	display	VERB
edu-5488	191	8	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	191	9	figure	figure	NOUN
edu-5488	191	10	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	191	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	192	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	192	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	192	3	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	192	4	focuses	focus	VERB
edu-5488	192	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	192	6	assessing	assess	VERB
edu-5488	192	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	192	8	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	192	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	192	10	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	192	11	's	's	PART
edu-5488	192	12	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	192	13	exams	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	192	14	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	192	15	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	192	16	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	192	17	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	192	18	10th	10th	ADJ
edu-5488	192	19	grade	grade	NOUN
edu-5488	192	20	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	192	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	192	22	turkey	turkey	NOUN
edu-5488	192	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	193	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	193	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	193	3	commenced	commence	VERB
edu-5488	193	4	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	193	5	a	a	DET
edu-5488	193	6	thorough	thorough	ADJ
edu-5488	193	7	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	193	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	193	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	193	10	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	193	11	to	to	PART
edu-5488	193	12	identify	identify	VERB
edu-5488	193	13	relevant	relevant	ADJ
edu-5488	193	14	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	193	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	193	16	establish	establish	VERB
edu-5488	193	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	193	18	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
edu-5488	193	19	framework	framework	NOUN
edu-5488	193	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	193	21	specifically	specifically	ADV
edu-5488	193	22	focusing	focus	VERB
edu-5488	193	23	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	193	24	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	193	25	's	's	PART
edu-5488	193	26	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	193	27	exams	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	193	28	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	193	29	high	high	ADJ
edu-5488	193	30	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	193	31	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	193	32	to	to	PART
edu-5488	193	33	understand	understand	VERB
edu-5488	193	34	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	193	35	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	193	36	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	193	37	english	english	PROPN
edu-5488	193	38	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	193	39	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	193	40	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	194	1	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	194	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	194	3	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	194	4	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	194	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	194	6	thirty	thirty	NUM
edu-5488	194	7	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	194	8	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	194	9	10th	10th	ADJ
edu-5488	194	10	grade	grade	NOUN
edu-5488	194	11	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	194	12	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	194	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	194	14	ages	age	NOUN
edu-5488	194	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	194	16	14	14	NUM
edu-5488	194	17	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	194	18	15	15	NUM
edu-5488	194	19	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	194	20	selected	select	VERB
edu-5488	194	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	195	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	195	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	195	3	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	195	4	comprised	comprise	VERB
edu-5488	195	5	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	195	6	who	who	PRON
edu-5488	195	7	used	use	VERB
edu-5488	195	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	195	9	's	's	PART
edu-5488	195	10	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	195	11	feature	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	195	12	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	195	13	engaged	engage	VERB
edu-5488	195	14	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	195	15	a	a	DET
edu-5488	195	16	minimum	minimum	NOUN
edu-5488	195	17	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	195	18	one	one	NUM
edu-5488	195	19	hour	hour	NOUN
edu-5488	195	20	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	195	21	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	195	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	196	1	a	a	DET
edu-5488	196	2	pilot	pilot	NOUN
edu-5488	196	3	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	196	4	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	196	5	conducted	conduct	VERB
edu-5488	196	6	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	196	7	ten	ten	NUM
edu-5488	196	8	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	196	9	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	196	10	different	different	ADJ
edu-5488	196	11	classes	class	NOUN
edu-5488	196	12	to	to	PART
edu-5488	196	13	ensure	ensure	VERB
edu-5488	196	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	196	15	validity	validity	NOUN
edu-5488	196	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	196	17	reliability	reliability	NOUN
edu-5488	196	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	196	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	196	20	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	196	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	196	22	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	196	23	adjustments	adjustment	NOUN
edu-5488	196	24	made	make	VERB
edu-5488	196	25	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	196	26	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	196	27	expert	expert	ADJ
edu-5488	196	28	recommendations	recommendation	NOUN
edu-5488	196	29	following	follow	VERB
edu-5488	196	30	the	the	DET
edu-5488	196	31	pilot	pilot	NOUN
edu-5488	196	32	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	196	33	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	196	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	197	1	figure	figure	VERB
edu-5488	197	2	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	197	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	197	4	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
edu-5488	197	5	's	's	PART
edu-5488	197	6	interface	interface	NOUN
edu-5488	197	7	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	197	8	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	197	9	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	197	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	198	1	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	198	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	198	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	198	4	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	198	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	198	6	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	198	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	198	8	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	198	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	198	10	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	198	11	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	198	12	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	198	13	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	198	14	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	198	15	69	69	NUM
edu-5488	198	16	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	198	17	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	198	18	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	198	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	198	20	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	198	21	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	198	22	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	198	23	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	198	24	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	198	25	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	198	26	publishing	publishing	PROPN
edu-5488	198	27	group	group	PROPN
edu-5488	198	28	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	198	29	collection	collection	NOUN
edu-5488	198	30	involved	involve	VERB
edu-5488	198	31	administering	administer	VERB
edu-5488	198	32	cambridge	cambridge	NOUN
edu-5488	198	33	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	198	34	approved	approve	VERB
edu-5488	198	35	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	198	36	measuring	measure	VERB
edu-5488	198	37	the	the	DET
edu-5488	198	38	four	four	NUM
edu-5488	198	39	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	198	40	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	198	41	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	198	42	both	both	DET
edu-5488	198	43	pre	pre	NOUN
edu-5488	198	44	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	198	45	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	198	46	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	198	47	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	198	48	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	198	49	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	198	50	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	199	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	199	2	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	199	3	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	199	4	utilized	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	199	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	199	6	's	's	PART
edu-5488	199	7	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	199	8	feature	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	199	9	to	to	PART
edu-5488	199	10	improve	improve	VERB
edu-5488	199	11	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	199	12	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	199	13	abilities	ability	NOUN
edu-5488	199	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	199	15	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	199	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	199	17	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	199	18	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	199	19	received	receive	VERB
edu-5488	199	20	no	no	DET
edu-5488	199	21	intervention	intervention	NOUN
edu-5488	199	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	200	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	200	2	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	200	3	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	200	4	a	a	DET
edu-5488	200	5	semi	semi	ADJ
edu-5488	200	6	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	200	7	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	200	8	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	200	9	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	200	10	a	a	DET
edu-5488	200	11	pre	pre	ADJ
edu-5488	200	12	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	200	13	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	200	14	post	post	ADJ
edu-5488	200	15	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	200	16	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	200	17	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	200	18	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	200	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	201	1	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	201	2	distinct	distinct	ADJ
edu-5488	201	3	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	201	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	201	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	201	6	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	201	7	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	201	8	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	201	9	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	201	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	201	11	underwent	undergo	VERB
edu-5488	201	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	201	13	pre	pre	NOUN
edu-5488	201	14	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	201	15	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	201	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	202	1	following	follow	VERB
edu-5488	202	2	a	a	DET
edu-5488	202	3	one	one	NUM
edu-5488	202	4	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	202	5	month	month	NOUN
edu-5488	202	6	intervention	intervention	NOUN
edu-5488	202	7	period	period	NOUN
edu-5488	202	8	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	202	9	both	both	DET
edu-5488	202	10	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	202	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	202	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	202	13	post	post	ADJ
edu-5488	202	14	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	202	15	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	202	16	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	202	17	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	202	18	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	202	19	conducted	conduct	VERB
edu-5488	202	20	to	to	PART
edu-5488	202	21	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	202	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	202	23	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	202	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	202	25	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	202	26	's	's	PART
edu-5488	202	27	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	202	28	exams	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	202	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	203	1	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	203	2	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	203	3	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	203	4	performed	perform	VERB
edu-5488	203	5	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	203	6	statistical	statistical	ADJ
edu-5488	203	7	software	software	NOUN
edu-5488	203	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	203	9	including	include	VERB
edu-5488	203	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	203	11	testing	testing	NOUN
edu-5488	203	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	203	13	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	203	14	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	203	15	homogeneity	homogeneity	NOUN
edu-5488	203	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	203	17	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	203	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	203	19	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	203	20	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	203	21	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	203	22	shapiro	shapiro	PROPN
edu-5488	203	23	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	203	24	wilk	wilk	NOUN
edu-5488	203	25	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	203	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	204	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	204	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	204	3	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	204	4	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	204	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	204	6	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	204	7	regarding	regard	VERB
edu-5488	204	8	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	204	9	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	204	10	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	204	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	204	12	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	204	13	collected	collect	VERB
edu-5488	204	14	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	204	15	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
edu-5488	204	16	interviews	interview	NOUN
edu-5488	204	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	205	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	205	2	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	205	3	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	205	4	process	process	NOUN
edu-5488	205	5	commenced	commence	VERB
edu-5488	205	6	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	205	7	verifying	verify	VERB
edu-5488	205	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	205	9	normal	normal	ADJ
edu-5488	205	10	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	205	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	205	12	homogeneity	homogeneity	NOUN
edu-5488	205	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	205	14	variance	variance	NOUN
edu-5488	205	15	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	205	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	205	17	shapiro	shapiro	PROPN
edu-5488	205	18	wilk	wilk	PROPN
edu-5488	205	19	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	205	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	205	21	guiding	guide	VERB
edu-5488	205	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	205	23	selection	selection	NOUN
edu-5488	205	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	205	25	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
edu-5488	205	26	parametric	parametric	ADJ
edu-5488	205	27	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	205	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	206	1	mann	mann	PROPN
edu-5488	206	2	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	206	3	whitney	whitney	PROPN
edu-5488	206	4	u	u	PROPN
edu-5488	206	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	206	6	k	k	PROPN
edu-5488	206	7	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	206	8	s	s	X
edu-5488	206	9	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	206	10	analyses	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	206	11	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	206	12	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	206	13	to	to	PART
edu-5488	206	14	identify	identify	VERB
edu-5488	206	15	statistically	statistically	ADV
edu-5488	206	16	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	206	17	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	206	18	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	206	19	pre	pre	NOUN
edu-5488	206	20	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	206	21	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	206	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	206	23	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	206	24	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	206	25	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	206	26	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	206	27	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	206	28	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	206	29	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	206	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	207	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	207	2	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	207	3	revealed	reveal	VERB
edu-5488	207	4	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	207	5	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	207	6	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	207	7	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	207	8	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	207	9	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	207	10	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	207	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	207	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	207	13	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	207	14	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	207	15	actively	actively	ADV
edu-5488	207	16	utilizing	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	207	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	207	18	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	207	19	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	207	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	207	21	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	207	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	207	23	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	207	24	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	207	25	showed	show	VERB
edu-5488	207	26	minimal	minimal	ADJ
edu-5488	207	27	progress	progress	NOUN
edu-5488	207	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	208	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	208	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	208	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	208	4	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	208	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	208	6	positively	positively	ADV
edu-5488	208	7	impacts	impact	VERB
edu-5488	208	8	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	208	9	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	208	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	209	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	209	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	209	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	209	4	this	this	DET
edu-5488	209	5	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	209	6	aimed	aim	VERB
edu-5488	209	7	to	to	PART
edu-5488	209	8	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	209	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	209	10	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	209	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	209	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	209	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	209	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	209	15	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	209	16	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	209	17	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	209	18	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	209	19	'	'	PART
edu-5488	209	20	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	209	21	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	209	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	210	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	210	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	210	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	210	4	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	210	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	210	6	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	210	7	has	have	VERB
edu-5488	210	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	210	9	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	210	10	to	to	PART
edu-5488	210	11	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	210	12	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	210	13	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	210	14	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	210	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	211	1	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	211	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	211	3	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	211	4	provides	provide	VERB
edu-5488	211	5	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	211	6	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	211	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	211	8	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	211	9	underscores	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	211	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	211	11	necessity	necessity	NOUN
edu-5488	211	12	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	211	13	more	more	ADV
edu-5488	211	14	extensive	extensive	ADJ
edu-5488	211	15	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	211	16	to	to	PART
edu-5488	211	17	fully	fully	ADV
edu-5488	211	18	grasp	grasp	VERB
edu-5488	211	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	211	20	complexities	complexity	NOUN
edu-5488	211	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	211	22	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	211	23	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	211	24	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	211	25	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	211	26	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	211	27	practices	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	211	28	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	211	29	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	211	30	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	211	31	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	211	32	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	211	33	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	211	34	cohorts	cohort	NOUN
edu-5488	211	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	212	1	ultimately	ultimately	ADV
edu-5488	212	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	212	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	212	4	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	212	5	contributes	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	212	6	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	212	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	212	8	discourse	discourse	NOUN
edu-5488	212	9	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	212	10	innovative	innovative	ADJ
edu-5488	212	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	212	12	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	212	13	methodologies	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	212	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	212	15	highlighting	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	212	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	212	17	possibilities	possibility	NOUN
edu-5488	212	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	212	19	challenges	challenge	NOUN
edu-5488	212	20	associated	associate	VERB
edu-5488	212	21	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	212	22	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	212	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	212	24	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	212	25	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	212	26	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	212	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	212	28	field	field	NOUN
edu-5488	212	29	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	212	30	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	212	31	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	213	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
edu-5488	213	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	213	3	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	213	4	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	213	5	hold	hold	VERB
edu-5488	213	6	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	213	7	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	213	8	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	213	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	213	10	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	213	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	213	12	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	213	13	practices	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	213	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	213	15	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	213	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	213	17	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	213	18	value	value	NOUN
edu-5488	213	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	213	20	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	213	21	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	213	22	a	a	DET
edu-5488	213	23	supplementary	supplementary	ADJ
edu-5488	213	24	tool	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	213	25	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	213	26	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	213	27	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	213	28	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	213	29	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	213	30	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	213	31	curricula	curricula	NOUN
edu-5488	213	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	214	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	214	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	214	3	contributes	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	214	4	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	214	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	214	6	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
edu-5488	214	7	discourse	discourse	NOUN
edu-5488	214	8	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	214	9	integrating	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	214	10	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	214	11	technologies	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	214	12	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	214	13	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	214	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	214	15	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	214	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	214	17	critical	critical	ADJ
edu-5488	214	18	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	214	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	214	20	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	214	21	resources	resource	NOUN
edu-5488	214	22	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	214	23	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	214	24	improved	improved	ADJ
edu-5488	214	25	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	214	26	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	214	27	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	214	28	an	an	DET
edu-5488	214	29	increasingly	increasingly	ADV
edu-5488	214	30	digitized	digitize	VERB
edu-5488	214	31	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	214	32	landscape	landscape	NOUN
edu-5488	214	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	215	1	4	4	X
edu-5488	215	2	.	.	NOUN
edu-5488	215	3	results	result	VERB
edu-5488	215	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	215	5	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	215	6	focused	focus	VERB
edu-5488	215	7	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	215	8	obtaining	obtain	VERB
edu-5488	215	9	measurable	measurable	ADJ
edu-5488	215	10	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	215	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	215	12	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	215	13	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	215	14	obtained	obtain	VERB
edu-5488	215	15	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	215	16	a	a	DET
edu-5488	215	17	statistical	statistical	ADJ
edu-5488	215	18	examination	examination	NOUN
edu-5488	215	19	aimed	aim	VERB
edu-5488	215	20	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	215	21	evaluating	evaluate	VERB
edu-5488	215	22	how	how	SCONJ
edu-5488	215	23	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	215	24	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	215	25	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	215	26	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	215	27	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	215	28	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	215	29	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	215	30	compared	compare	VERB
edu-5488	215	31	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	215	32	conventional	conventional	ADJ
edu-5488	215	33	classroom	classroom	NOUN
edu-5488	215	34	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	215	35	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	215	36	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	215	37	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	215	38	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	215	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	216	1	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	216	2	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	216	3	this	this	DET
edu-5488	216	4	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	216	5	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	216	6	collected	collect	VERB
edu-5488	216	7	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	216	8	initial	initial	ADJ
edu-5488	216	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	216	10	final	final	ADJ
edu-5488	216	11	assessments	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	216	12	measuring	measure	VERB
edu-5488	216	13	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	216	14	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	216	15	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	216	16	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	216	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	217	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	217	2	assessments	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	217	3	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	217	4	conducted	conduct	VERB
edu-5488	217	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	217	6	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	217	7	separate	separate	ADJ
edu-5488	217	8	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	217	9	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	217	10	one	one	NUM
edu-5488	217	11	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	217	12	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	217	13	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	217	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	217	15	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	217	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	217	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	217	18	other	other	ADJ
edu-5488	217	19	receiving	receive	VERB
edu-5488	217	20	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	217	21	classroom	classroom	NOUN
edu-5488	217	22	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	217	23	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	217	24	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	217	25	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	217	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	218	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	218	2	aim	aim	NOUN
edu-5488	218	3	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	218	4	to	to	PART
edu-5488	218	5	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	218	6	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	218	7	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	218	8	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	218	9	would	would	AUX
edu-5488	218	10	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	218	11	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	218	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	218	13	field	field	NOUN
edu-5488	218	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	218	15	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	218	16	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	218	17	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	218	18	offering	offer	VERB
edu-5488	218	19	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	218	20	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	218	21	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	218	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	218	23	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	218	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	218	25	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	218	26	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	218	27	a	a	DET
edu-5488	218	28	tool	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	218	29	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	218	30	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	218	31	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	218	32	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	218	33	all	all	DET
edu-5488	218	34	four	four	NUM
edu-5488	218	35	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	218	36	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	218	37	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	219	1	4.1	4.1	NUM
edu-5488	219	2	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	220	1	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	220	2	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	220	3	to	to	PART
edu-5488	220	4	thoroughly	thoroughly	ADV
edu-5488	220	5	examine	examine	VERB
edu-5488	220	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	220	7	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	220	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	220	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	220	10	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	220	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	220	12	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	220	13	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	220	14	crucial	crucial	ADJ
edu-5488	220	15	to	to	PART
edu-5488	220	16	establish	establish	VERB
edu-5488	220	17	uniformity	uniformity	NOUN
edu-5488	220	18	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	220	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	220	20	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	220	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	221	1	consequently	consequently	ADV
edu-5488	221	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	221	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	221	4	normal	normal	ADJ
edu-5488	221	5	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	221	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	221	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	221	8	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	221	9	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	221	10	assessed	assess	VERB
edu-5488	221	11	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	221	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	221	13	shapiro	shapiro	PROPN
edu-5488	221	14	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	221	15	wilk	wilk	NOUN
edu-5488	221	16	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	221	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	222	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	222	2	shapiro	shapiro	PROPN
edu-5488	222	3	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	222	4	wilk	wilk	NOUN
edu-5488	222	5	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	222	6	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	222	7	utilized	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	222	8	to	to	PART
edu-5488	222	9	determine	determine	VERB
edu-5488	222	10	whether	whether	SCONJ
edu-5488	222	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	222	12	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	222	13	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	222	14	each	each	DET
edu-5488	222	15	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	222	16	adheres	adhere	VERB
edu-5488	222	17	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	222	18	a	a	DET
edu-5488	222	19	normal	normal	ADJ
edu-5488	222	20	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	222	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	223	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	223	2	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	223	3	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	223	4	this	this	DET
edu-5488	223	5	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	223	6	serve	serve	VERB
edu-5488	223	7	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	223	8	a	a	DET
edu-5488	223	9	critical	critical	ADJ
edu-5488	223	10	criterion	criterion	NOUN
edu-5488	223	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	223	12	discerning	discern	VERB
edu-5488	223	13	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	223	14	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	223	15	deviations	deviation	NOUN
edu-5488	223	16	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	223	17	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	223	18	normality	normality	NOUN
edu-5488	223	19	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	223	20	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	223	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	224	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	224	2	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	224	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	224	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	224	5	normality	normality	NOUN
edu-5488	224	6	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	224	7	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	224	8	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
edu-5488	224	9	information	information	NOUN
edu-5488	224	10	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	224	11	rejecting	reject	VERB
edu-5488	224	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	224	13	uniformity	uniformity	NOUN
edu-5488	224	14	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	224	15	the	the	DET
edu-5488	224	16	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	224	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	225	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	225	2	result	result	NOUN
edu-5488	225	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	225	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	225	5	shapiro	shapiro	PROPN
edu-5488	225	6	wilk	wilk	PROPN
edu-5488	225	7	test	test	PROPN
edu-5488	225	8	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	225	9	provided	provide	VERB
edu-5488	225	10	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	225	11	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	225	12	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	225	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	226	1	below	below	ADV
edu-5488	226	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	226	3	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	226	4	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	226	5	access	access	VERB
edu-5488	226	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	226	7	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	226	8	containing	contain	VERB
edu-5488	226	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	226	10	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	226	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	226	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	226	13	shapiro	shapiro	PROPN
edu-5488	226	14	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	226	15	wilk	wilk	NOUN
edu-5488	226	16	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	226	17	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	226	18	evaluate	evaluate	VERB
edu-5488	226	19	normal	normal	ADJ
edu-5488	226	20	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	226	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	227	1	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	227	2	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	227	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	227	4	descriptive	descriptive	ADJ
edu-5488	227	5	statistics	statistic	NOUN
edu-5488	227	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	227	7	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	227	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	228	1	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	228	2	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	228	3	df	df	VERB
edu-5488	228	4	p	p	X
edu-5488	228	5	*	*	PUNCT
edu-5488	228	6	pre	pre	ADJ
edu-5488	228	7	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	228	8	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	228	9	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	228	10	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	228	11	0.03	0.03	NUM
edu-5488	228	12	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	228	13	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	228	14	0.00	0.00	NUM
edu-5488	228	15	post	post	ADJ
edu-5488	228	16	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	228	17	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	228	18	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	228	19	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	228	20	0.00	0.00	NUM
edu-5488	228	21	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	228	22	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	228	23	0.03	0.03	NUM
edu-5488	228	24	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	228	25	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	228	26	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	228	27	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	228	28	0.00	0.00	NUM
edu-5488	228	29	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	228	30	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	228	31	0.11	0.11	NUM
edu-5488	228	32	note	note	NOUN
edu-5488	228	33	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	228	34	*	*	PUNCT
edu-5488	228	35	p<0.05	p<0.05	NOUN
edu-5488	228	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	229	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	229	2	examination	examination	NOUN
edu-5488	229	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	229	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	229	5	normality	normality	NOUN
edu-5488	229	6	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	229	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	229	8	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	229	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	229	10	shapiro	shapiro	PROPN
edu-5488	229	11	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	229	12	wilk	wilk	NOUN
edu-5488	229	13	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	229	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	229	15	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
edu-5488	229	16	notable	notable	ADJ
edu-5488	229	17	deviations	deviation	NOUN
edu-5488	229	18	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	229	19	normal	normal	ADJ
edu-5488	229	20	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	229	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	229	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	229	23	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	229	24	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	229	25	the	the	DET
edu-5488	229	26	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	229	27	pre	pre	NOUN
edu-5488	229	28	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	229	29	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	229	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	229	31	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	229	32	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	229	33	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	229	34	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	229	35	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	229	36	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	229	37	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	229	38	gain	gain	NOUN
edu-5488	229	39	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	229	40	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	229	41	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	229	42	both	both	CCONJ
edu-5488	229	43	the	the	DET
edu-5488	229	44	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	229	45	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	229	46	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	229	47	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	229	48	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	230	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
edu-5488	230	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	230	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	230	4	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	230	5	indicate	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	230	6	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	230	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	230	8	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	230	9	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	230	10	all	all	DET
edu-5488	230	11	three	three	NUM
edu-5488	230	12	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	230	13	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	230	14	both	both	DET
edu-5488	230	15	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	230	16	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	230	17	not	not	PART
edu-5488	230	18	adhere	adhere	VERB
edu-5488	230	19	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	230	20	a	a	DET
edu-5488	230	21	normal	normal	ADJ
edu-5488	230	22	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	230	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	231	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	231	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	231	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	231	4	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	231	5	challenges	challenge	NOUN
edu-5488	231	6	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	231	7	applying	apply	VERB
edu-5488	231	8	certain	certain	ADJ
edu-5488	231	9	statistical	statistical	ADJ
edu-5488	231	10	analyses	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	231	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	231	12	underscore	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	231	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	231	14	need	need	NOUN
edu-5488	231	15	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	231	16	careful	careful	ADJ
edu-5488	231	17	consideration	consideration	NOUN
edu-5488	231	18	when	when	SCONJ
edu-5488	231	19	interpreting	interpret	VERB
edu-5488	231	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	231	21	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	231	22	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	231	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	231	24	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	231	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	232	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
edu-5488	232	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	232	3	employing	employ	VERB
edu-5488	232	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	232	5	mann	mann	PROPN
edu-5488	232	6	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	232	7	whitney	whitney	PROPN
edu-5488	232	8	u	u	PROPN
edu-5488	232	9	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	232	10	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	232	11	a	a	DET
edu-5488	232	12	prudent	prudent	ADJ
edu-5488	232	13	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	232	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	232	15	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	232	16	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	232	17	does	do	AUX
edu-5488	232	18	not	not	PART
edu-5488	232	19	require	require	VERB
edu-5488	232	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	232	21	assumption	assumption	NOUN
edu-5488	232	22	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	232	23	normality	normality	NOUN
edu-5488	232	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	232	25	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	232	26	well	well	ADV
edu-5488	232	27	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	232	28	suited	suited	ADJ
edu-5488	232	29	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	232	30	comparing	compare	VERB
edu-5488	232	31	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	232	32	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	232	33	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	232	34	independent	independent	ADJ
edu-5488	232	35	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	232	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	233	1	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	233	2	’s	’	VERB
edu-5488	233	3	why	why	SCONJ
edu-5488	233	4	mannwhitney	mannwhitney	ADJ
edu-5488	233	5	u	u	NOUN
edu-5488	233	6	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	233	7	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	233	8	selected	select	VERB
edu-5488	233	9	due	due	ADP
edu-5488	233	10	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	233	11	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	233	12	robustness	robustness	NOUN
edu-5488	233	13	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	233	14	handling	handle	VERB
edu-5488	233	15	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	233	16	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	233	17	deviate	deviate	VERB
edu-5488	233	18	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	233	19	a	a	DET
edu-5488	233	20	normal	normal	ADJ
edu-5488	233	21	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	233	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	234	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	234	2	non	non	ADJ
edu-5488	234	3	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	234	4	parametric	parametric	ADJ
edu-5488	234	5	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	234	6	allowed	allow	VERB
edu-5488	234	7	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	234	8	a	a	DET
edu-5488	234	9	reliable	reliable	ADJ
edu-5488	234	10	comparison	comparison	NOUN
edu-5488	234	11	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	234	12	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	234	13	independent	independent	ADJ
edu-5488	234	14	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	234	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	234	16	making	make	VERB
edu-5488	234	17	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	234	18	a	a	DET
edu-5488	234	19	suitable	suitable	ADJ
edu-5488	234	20	choice	choice	NOUN
edu-5488	234	21	when	when	SCONJ
edu-5488	234	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	234	23	normality	normality	NOUN
edu-5488	234	24	assumption	assumption	NOUN
edu-5488	234	25	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	234	26	not	not	PART
edu-5488	234	27	met	meet	VERB
edu-5488	234	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	235	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	235	2	employing	employ	VERB
edu-5488	235	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	235	4	mann	mann	PROPN
edu-5488	235	5	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	235	6	whitney	whitney	PROPN
edu-5488	235	7	u	u	PROPN
edu-5488	235	8	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	235	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	235	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	235	11	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	235	12	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	235	13	able	able	ADJ
edu-5488	235	14	to	to	PART
edu-5488	235	15	accurately	accurately	ADV
edu-5488	235	16	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	235	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	235	18	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	235	19	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	235	20	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	235	21	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	235	22	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	235	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	235	24	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	235	25	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	235	26	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	235	27	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	235	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	235	29	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	235	30	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	235	31	undergoing	undergo	VERB
edu-5488	235	32	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	235	33	classroom	classroom	NOUN
edu-5488	235	34	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	235	35	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	235	36	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	235	37	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	235	38	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	235	39	thus	thus	ADV
edu-5488	235	40	ensuring	ensure	VERB
edu-5488	235	41	a	a	DET
edu-5488	235	42	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	235	43	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	235	44	reliable	reliable	ADJ
edu-5488	235	45	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	235	46	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	235	47	the	the	DET
edu-5488	235	48	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	235	49	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	235	50	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	235	51	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	235	52	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	235	53	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	235	54	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	236	1	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	236	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	236	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	236	4	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	236	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	236	6	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	236	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	236	8	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	236	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	236	10	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	236	11	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	236	12	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	236	13	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	236	14	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	236	15	70	70	NUM
edu-5488	236	16	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	236	17	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	236	18	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	236	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	236	20	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	236	21	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	236	22	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	236	23	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	236	24	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	236	25	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	236	26	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	236	27	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	236	28	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	236	29	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	236	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	237	1	mann	mann	PROPN
edu-5488	237	2	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	237	3	whitney	whitney	PROPN
edu-5488	237	4	u	u	PROPN
edu-5488	237	5	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	237	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	237	7	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	237	8	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	237	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	238	1	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	238	2	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	238	3	n	n	X
edu-5488	238	4	x̄	x̄	NOUN
edu-5488	238	5	u	u	PROPN
edu-5488	238	6	z	z	PROPN
edu-5488	238	7	p	p	PROPN
edu-5488	238	8	*	*	PUNCT
edu-5488	238	9	k	k	X
edu-5488	238	10	–	–	PUNCT
edu-5488	238	11	s	s	PART
edu-5488	238	12	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	238	13	pre	pre	ADJ
edu-5488	238	14	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	238	15	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	238	16	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	238	17	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	238	18	30.22	30.22	NUM
edu-5488	238	19	439.00	439.00	NUM
edu-5488	238	20	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	238	21	0.03	0.03	NUM
edu-5488	238	22	0.33	0.33	NUM
edu-5488	238	23	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	238	24	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	238	25	44.52	44.52	NUM
edu-5488	238	26	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	238	27	0.00	0.00	NUM
edu-5488	238	28	post	post	ADJ
edu-5488	238	29	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	238	30	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	238	31	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	238	32	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	238	33	51.44	51.44	NUM
edu-5488	238	34	290.00	290.00	NUM
edu-5488	238	35	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	238	36	0.00	0.00	NUM
edu-5488	238	37	0.52	0.52	NUM
edu-5488	238	38	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	238	39	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	238	40	29.09	29.09	NUM
edu-5488	238	41	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	238	42	0.03	0.03	NUM
edu-5488	238	43	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	238	44	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	238	45	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	238	46	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	238	47	57.64	57.64	NUM
edu-5488	238	48	91.50	91.50	NUM
edu-5488	238	49	32	32	NUM
edu-5488	238	50	0.00	0.00	NUM
edu-5488	238	51	0.77	0.77	NUM
edu-5488	238	52	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	238	53	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	238	54	24.58	24.58	NUM
edu-5488	238	55	44	44	NUM
edu-5488	238	56	0.11	0.11	NUM
edu-5488	238	57	note	note	NOUN
edu-5488	238	58	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	238	59	*	*	PUNCT
edu-5488	238	60	p<0.05	p<0.05	NOUN
edu-5488	238	61	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	239	1	a	a	DET
edu-5488	239	2	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	239	3	overview	overview	NOUN
edu-5488	239	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	239	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	239	6	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	239	7	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	239	8	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	239	9	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	239	10	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	239	11	provided	provide	VERB
edu-5488	239	12	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	239	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	239	14	mann	mann	PROPN
edu-5488	239	15	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	239	16	whitney	whitney	PROPN
edu-5488	239	17	u	u	NOUN
edu-5488	239	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	239	19	twosample	twosample	ADJ
edu-5488	239	20	kolmogorov	kolmogorov	ADJ
edu-5488	239	21	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	239	22	smirnov	smirnov	ADJ
edu-5488	239	23	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	239	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	239	25	offering	offer	VERB
edu-5488	239	26	a	a	DET
edu-5488	239	27	detailed	detailed	ADJ
edu-5488	239	28	comparison	comparison	NOUN
edu-5488	239	29	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	239	30	the	the	DET
edu-5488	239	31	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	239	32	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	239	33	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	239	34	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	239	35	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	239	36	the	the	DET
edu-5488	239	37	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	239	38	pre	pre	NOUN
edu-5488	239	39	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	239	40	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	239	41	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	239	42	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	239	43	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	239	44	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	239	45	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	239	46	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	239	47	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	239	48	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	239	49	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	239	50	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	240	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	240	2	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	240	3	n	n	CCONJ
edu-5488	240	4	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	240	5	column	column	NOUN
edu-5488	240	6	indicates	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	240	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	240	8	number	number	NOUN
edu-5488	240	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	240	10	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	240	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	240	12	each	each	DET
edu-5488	240	13	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	240	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	240	15	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	240	16	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	240	17	x	x	SYM
edu-5488	240	18	̄	̄	NOUN
edu-5488	240	19	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	240	20	represents	represent	VERB
edu-5488	240	21	the	the	DET
edu-5488	240	22	mean	mean	ADJ
edu-5488	240	23	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	240	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	240	25	the	the	DET
edu-5488	240	26	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	240	27	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	240	28	each	each	DET
edu-5488	240	29	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	240	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	241	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	241	2	mannwhitney	mannwhitney	ADJ
edu-5488	241	3	u	u	NOUN
edu-5488	241	4	values	value	NOUN
edu-5488	241	5	illustrate	illustrate	VERB
edu-5488	241	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	241	7	relative	relative	ADJ
edu-5488	241	8	ranks	rank	NOUN
edu-5488	241	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	241	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	241	11	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	241	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	241	13	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	241	14	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	241	15	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	241	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	241	17	comparative	comparative	ADJ
edu-5488	241	18	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	241	19	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	241	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	241	21	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	241	22	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	241	23	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	241	24	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	241	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	242	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	242	2	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	242	3	z	z	NOUN
edu-5488	242	4	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	242	5	column	column	NOUN
edu-5488	242	6	displays	display	VERB
edu-5488	242	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	242	8	z	z	NOUN
edu-5488	242	9	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	242	10	scores	score	NOUN
edu-5488	242	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	242	12	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	242	13	help	help	VERB
edu-5488	242	14	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	242	15	the	the	DET
edu-5488	242	16	significance	significance	NOUN
edu-5488	242	17	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	242	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	242	19	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	242	20	observed	observe	VERB
edu-5488	242	21	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	242	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	242	23	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	242	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	243	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	243	2	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	243	3	p	p	NOUN
edu-5488	243	4	*	*	NOUN
edu-5488	243	5	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	243	6	column	column	NOUN
edu-5488	243	7	indicates	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	243	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	243	9	significance	significance	NOUN
edu-5488	243	10	level	level	NOUN
edu-5488	243	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	243	12	demonstrating	demonstrate	VERB
edu-5488	243	13	whether	whether	SCONJ
edu-5488	243	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	243	15	observed	observed	ADJ
edu-5488	243	16	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	243	17	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	243	18	statistically	statistically	ADV
edu-5488	243	19	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	243	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	243	21	denoted	denote	VERB
edu-5488	243	22	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	243	23	a	a	DET
edu-5488	243	24	p	p	NOUN
edu-5488	243	25	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	243	26	value	value	NOUN
edu-5488	243	27	less	less	ADJ
edu-5488	243	28	than	than	ADP
edu-5488	243	29	0.05	0.05	NUM
edu-5488	243	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	244	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	244	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	244	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	244	4	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	244	5	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	244	6	sample	sample	NOUN
edu-5488	244	7	kolmogorov	kolmogorov	ADJ
edu-5488	244	8	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	244	9	smirnov	smirnov	ADJ
edu-5488	244	10	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	244	11	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	244	12	further	far	ADV
edu-5488	244	13	assess	assess	VERB
edu-5488	244	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	244	15	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	244	16	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	244	17	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	244	18	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	244	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	244	20	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	244	21	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	244	22	each	each	DET
edu-5488	244	23	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	244	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	245	1	looking	look	VERB
edu-5488	245	2	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	245	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	245	4	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	245	5	pre	pre	NOUN
edu-5488	245	6	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	245	7	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	245	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	245	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	245	10	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	245	11	demonstrates	demonstrate	VERB
edu-5488	245	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	245	13	mean	mean	ADJ
edu-5488	245	14	rank	rank	NOUN
edu-5488	245	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	245	16	30.22	30.22	NUM
edu-5488	245	17	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	245	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	245	19	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	245	20	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	245	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	245	22	44.52	44.52	NUM
edu-5488	245	23	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	245	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	245	25	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	245	26	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	245	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	245	28	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	245	29	a	a	DET
edu-5488	245	30	mann	mann	PROPN
edu-5488	245	31	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	245	32	whitney	whitney	PROPN
edu-5488	245	33	u	u	PROPN
edu-5488	245	34	value	value	NOUN
edu-5488	245	35	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	245	36	439.00	439.00	NUM
edu-5488	245	37	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	245	38	a	a	DET
edu-5488	245	39	corresponding	correspond	VERB
edu-5488	245	40	p	p	ADJ
edu-5488	245	41	-value	-value	NOUN
edu-5488	245	42	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	245	43	0	0	NUM
edu-5488	245	44	.03	.03	NUM
edu-5488	245	45	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	246	1	this	this	PRON
edu-5488	246	2	suggests	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	246	3	a	a	DET
edu-5488	246	4	statistically	statistically	ADV
edu-5488	246	5	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	246	6	difference	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	246	7	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	246	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	246	9	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	246	10	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	246	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	246	12	indicating	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	246	13	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	246	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	246	15	control	control	PROPN
edu-5488	246	16	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	246	17	outperformed	outperform	VERB
edu-5488	246	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	246	19	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	246	20	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	246	21	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	246	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	246	23	initial	initial	ADJ
edu-5488	246	24	assessment	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	246	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	1	however	however	ADV
edu-5488	247	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	3	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	247	4	both	both	CCONJ
edu-5488	247	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	247	6	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	247	7	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	247	8	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	247	9	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	247	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	247	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	247	12	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	247	13	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	247	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	15	the	the	DET
edu-5488	247	16	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	247	17	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	247	18	exhibited	exhibit	VERB
edu-5488	247	19	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	247	20	higher	high	ADJ
edu-5488	247	21	mean	mean	NOUN
edu-5488	247	22	ranks	rank	NOUN
edu-5488	247	23	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	24	51.44	51.44	NUM
edu-5488	247	25	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	247	26	57.64	57.64	NUM
edu-5488	247	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	28	respectively	respectively	ADV
edu-5488	247	29	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	30	compared	compare	VERB
edu-5488	247	31	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	247	32	the	the	DET
edu-5488	247	33	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	247	34	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	247	35	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	36	29.09	29.09	NUM
edu-5488	247	37	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	247	38	24.58	24.58	NUM
edu-5488	247	39	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	40	respectively	respectively	ADV
edu-5488	247	41	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	247	42	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	248	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	248	2	corresponding	correspond	VERB
edu-5488	248	3	p	p	NOUN
edu-5488	248	4	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	248	5	values	value	NOUN
edu-5488	248	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	248	7	0.00	0.00	NUM
edu-5488	248	8	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	248	9	both	both	DET
edu-5488	248	10	tests	test	NOUN
edu-5488	248	11	indicate	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	248	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	248	13	highly	highly	ADV
edu-5488	248	14	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	248	15	difference	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	248	16	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	248	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	248	18	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	248	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	248	20	suggesting	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	248	21	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	248	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	248	23	use	use	NOUN
edu-5488	248	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	248	25	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	248	26	contributed	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	248	27	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	248	28	a	a	DET
edu-5488	248	29	substantial	substantial	ADJ
edu-5488	248	30	improvement	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	248	31	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	248	32	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	248	33	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	248	34	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	248	35	the	the	DET
edu-5488	248	36	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	248	37	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	248	38	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	249	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	249	2	two	two	NUM
edu-5488	249	3	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	249	4	sample	sample	NOUN
edu-5488	249	5	kolmogorov	kolmogorov	ADJ
edu-5488	249	6	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	249	7	smirnov	smirnov	ADJ
edu-5488	249	8	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	249	9	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	249	10	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	249	11	additional	additional	ADJ
edu-5488	249	12	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	249	13	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	249	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	249	15	distributional	distributional	ADJ
edu-5488	249	16	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	249	17	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	249	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	249	19	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	249	20	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	249	21	each	each	DET
edu-5488	249	22	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	249	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	250	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	250	2	k	k	NOUN
edu-5488	250	3	–	–	PUNCT
edu-5488	250	4	s	s	PART
edu-5488	250	5	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	250	6	values	value	NOUN
edu-5488	250	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	250	8	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	250	9	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	250	10	0.33	0.33	NUM
edu-5488	250	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	250	12	0.52	0.52	NUM
edu-5488	250	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	250	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	250	15	0.77	0.77	NUM
edu-5488	250	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	250	17	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
edu-5488	250	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	250	19	most	most	ADV
edu-5488	250	20	extreme	extreme	ADJ
edu-5488	250	21	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	250	22	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	250	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	250	24	cumulative	cumulative	ADJ
edu-5488	250	25	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	250	26	functions	function	NOUN
edu-5488	250	27	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	250	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	250	29	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	250	30	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	250	31	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	250	32	groups	group	NOUN
edu-5488	250	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	251	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	251	2	values	value	NOUN
edu-5488	251	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	251	4	along	along	ADP
edu-5488	251	5	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	251	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	251	7	associated	associated	ADJ
edu-5488	251	8	p	p	NOUN
edu-5488	251	9	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	251	10	values	value	NOUN
edu-5488	251	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	251	12	emphasize	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	251	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	251	14	statistical	statistical	ADJ
edu-5488	251	15	significance	significance	NOUN
edu-5488	251	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	251	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	251	18	observed	observe	VERB
edu-5488	251	19	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	251	20	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	251	21	distribution	distribution	NOUN
edu-5488	251	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	251	23	further	far	ADV
edu-5488	251	24	corroborating	corroborate	VERB
edu-5488	251	25	the	the	DET
edu-5488	251	26	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	251	27	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	251	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	251	29	mann	mann	PROPN
edu-5488	251	30	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	251	31	whitney	whitney	PROPN
edu-5488	251	32	u	u	PROPN
edu-5488	251	33	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	251	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	252	1	overall	overall	ADV
edu-5488	252	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	252	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	252	4	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	252	5	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	252	6	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	252	7	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	252	8	highlights	highlight	NOUN
edu-5488	252	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	252	10	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	252	11	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	252	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	252	13	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
edu-5488	252	14	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	252	15	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	252	16	a	a	DET
edu-5488	252	17	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	252	18	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	252	19	tool	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	252	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	252	21	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	252	22	evidenced	evidence	VERB
edu-5488	252	23	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	252	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	252	25	substantial	substantial	ADJ
edu-5488	252	26	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	252	27	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	252	28	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	252	29	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	252	30	observed	observe	VERB
edu-5488	252	31	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	252	32	the	the	DET
edu-5488	252	33	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	252	34	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	252	35	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	252	36	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	252	37	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	252	38	the	the	DET
edu-5488	252	39	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	252	40	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	252	41	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	252	42	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	252	43	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	252	44	the	the	DET
edu-5488	252	45	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	252	46	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	252	47	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	252	48	compared	compare	VERB
edu-5488	252	49	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	252	50	the	the	DET
edu-5488	252	51	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	252	52	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	252	53	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	253	1	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	253	2	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	253	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	253	4	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	253	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	253	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	253	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	253	8	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	253	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	253	10	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	253	11	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	253	12	evident	evident	ADJ
edu-5488	253	13	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	253	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	253	15	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	253	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	253	17	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	253	18	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	253	19	a	a	DET
edu-5488	253	20	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	253	21	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	253	22	tool	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	253	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	253	24	represented	represent	VERB
edu-5488	253	25	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	253	26	the	the	DET
edu-5488	253	27	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	253	28	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	253	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	253	30	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	253	31	yielded	yield	VERB
edu-5488	253	32	a	a	DET
edu-5488	253	33	notable	notable	ADJ
edu-5488	253	34	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	253	35	positive	positive	ADJ
edu-5488	253	36	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	253	37	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	253	38	the	the	DET
edu-5488	253	39	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	253	40	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	253	41	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	253	42	the	the	DET
edu-5488	253	43	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	253	44	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	254	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	254	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	254	3	clearly	clearly	ADV
edu-5488	254	4	indicate	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	254	5	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	254	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	254	7	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	254	8	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	254	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	254	10	utilizing	utilize	VERB
edu-5488	254	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	254	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	254	13	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
edu-5488	254	14	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	254	15	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	254	16	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	254	17	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	254	18	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	254	19	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	254	20	comparison	comparison	NOUN
edu-5488	254	21	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	254	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	254	23	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	254	24	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	254	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	254	26	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	254	27	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	254	28	conventional	conventional	ADJ
edu-5488	254	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	254	30	traditional	traditional	ADJ
edu-5488	254	31	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	254	32	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	254	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	255	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	255	2	observed	observe	VERB
edu-5488	255	3	statistically	statistically	ADV
edu-5488	255	4	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	255	5	differences	difference	NOUN
edu-5488	255	6	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	255	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	255	8	pre	pre	NOUN
edu-5488	255	9	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	255	10	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	255	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	255	12	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	255	13	-	-	NOUN
edu-5488	255	14	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	255	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	255	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	255	17	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	255	18	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	255	19	underscore	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	255	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	255	21	superiority	superiority	NOUN
edu-5488	255	22	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	255	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	255	24	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	255	25	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	255	26	following	follow	VERB
edu-5488	255	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	255	28	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	255	29	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	255	30	the	the	DET
edu-5488	255	31	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	255	32	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	255	33	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	255	34	program	program	NOUN
edu-5488	255	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	256	1	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	256	2	noteworthy	noteworthy	ADJ
edu-5488	256	3	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	256	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	256	5	considerably	considerably	ADV
edu-5488	256	6	higher	high	ADJ
edu-5488	256	7	mean	mean	NOUN
edu-5488	256	8	ranks	rank	NOUN
edu-5488	256	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	256	10	lower	low	ADJ
edu-5488	256	11	p	p	NOUN
edu-5488	256	12	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	256	13	values	value	NOUN
edu-5488	256	14	associated	associate	VERB
edu-5488	256	15	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	256	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	256	17	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	256	18	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	256	19	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	256	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	256	21	post	post	NOUN
edu-5488	256	22	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	256	23	test	test	ADJ
edu-5488	256	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	256	25	attainment	attainment	ADJ
edu-5488	256	26	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	256	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	256	28	highlighting	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	256	29	the	the	DET
edu-5488	256	30	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	256	31	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	256	32	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	256	33	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	256	34	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	256	35	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	256	36	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	256	37	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	256	38	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	256	39	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	256	40	various	various	ADJ
edu-5488	256	41	assessments	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	256	42	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	257	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	257	2	utilization	utilization	NOUN
edu-5488	257	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	257	4	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	257	5	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	257	6	demonstrated	demonstrate	VERB
edu-5488	257	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	257	8	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	257	9	positive	positive	ADJ
edu-5488	257	10	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	257	11	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	257	12	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	257	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	257	14	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	257	15	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	257	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	257	17	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	257	18	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	257	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	257	20	indicating	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	257	21	a	a	DET
edu-5488	257	22	notable	notable	ADJ
edu-5488	257	23	improvement	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	257	24	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	257	25	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	257	26	abilities	ability	NOUN
edu-5488	257	27	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	257	28	those	those	PRON
edu-5488	257	29	exposed	expose	VERB
edu-5488	257	30	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	257	31	the	the	DET
edu-5488	257	32	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	257	33	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	257	34	compared	compare	VERB
edu-5488	257	35	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	257	36	the	the	DET
edu-5488	257	37	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	257	38	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	257	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	258	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	258	2	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	258	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	258	4	those	those	DET
edu-5488	258	5	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	258	6	attributes	attribute	NOUN
edu-5488	258	7	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	258	8	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	258	9	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	258	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	258	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	258	12	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	258	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	258	14	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	258	15	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	258	16	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	258	17	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	258	18	components	component	NOUN
edu-5488	258	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	258	20	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	258	21	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	258	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	258	23	play	play	VERB
edu-5488	258	24	a	a	DET
edu-5488	258	25	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
edu-5488	258	26	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	258	27	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	258	28	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	258	29	contributing	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	258	30	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	258	31	the	the	DET
edu-5488	258	32	refinement	refinement	NOUN
edu-5488	258	33	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	258	34	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	258	35	fluency	fluency	NOUN
edu-5488	258	36	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	258	37	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	258	38	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	258	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	259	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	259	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	259	3	's	's	PART
edu-5488	259	4	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	259	5	underscore	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	259	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	259	7	influential	influential	ADJ
edu-5488	259	8	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	259	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	259	10	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	259	11	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	259	12	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	259	13	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	259	14	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	259	15	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	259	16	integrated	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	259	17	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	259	18	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	259	19	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	259	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	259	21	revealing	reveal	VERB
edu-5488	259	22	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	259	23	substantial	substantial	ADJ
edu-5488	259	24	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	259	25	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	259	26	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	259	27	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	259	28	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	259	29	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	259	30	motivational	motivational	ADJ
edu-5488	259	31	impetus	impetus	NOUN
edu-5488	259	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	260	1	this	this	PRON
edu-5488	260	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	260	3	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	260	4	turn	turn	NOUN
edu-5488	260	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	260	6	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	260	7	led	lead	VERB
edu-5488	260	8	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	260	9	notable	notable	ADJ
edu-5488	260	10	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	260	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	260	12	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	260	13	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	260	14	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	260	15	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	260	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	261	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	261	2	terms	term	NOUN
edu-5488	261	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	261	4	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
edu-5488	261	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	261	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	261	7	analysis	analysis	NOUN
edu-5488	261	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	261	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	261	10	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	261	11	supports	support	VERB
edu-5488	261	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	261	13	alternative	alternative	ADJ
edu-5488	261	14	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
edu-5488	261	15	denoted	denote	VERB
edu-5488	261	16	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	261	17	h1	h1	VERB
edu-5488	261	18	that	that	DET
edu-5488	261	19	exposure	exposure	NOUN
edu-5488	261	20	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	261	21	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	261	22	's	's	PART
edu-5488	261	23	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	261	24	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	261	25	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	261	26	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	261	27	components	component	NOUN
edu-5488	261	28	leads	lead	VERB
edu-5488	261	29	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	261	30	a	a	DET
edu-5488	261	31	notable	notable	ADJ
edu-5488	261	32	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
edu-5488	261	33	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	261	34	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	261	35	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	261	36	compared	compare	VERB
edu-5488	261	37	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	261	38	the	the	DET
edu-5488	261	39	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	261	40	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	261	41	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	262	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	262	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	262	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	262	4	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	262	5	indicate	indicate	VERB
edu-5488	262	6	strong	strong	ADJ
edu-5488	262	7	support	support	NOUN
edu-5488	262	8	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	262	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	262	10	alternative	alternative	ADJ
edu-5488	262	11	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
edu-5488	262	12	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	262	13	h1	h1	PROPN
edu-5488	262	14	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	262	15	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	262	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	262	17	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	262	18	attributes	attribute	NOUN
edu-5488	262	19	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	262	20	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	262	21	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	262	22	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	262	23	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	262	24	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	262	25	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	262	26	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	262	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	262	28	refinement	refinement	NOUN
edu-5488	262	29	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	262	30	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	262	31	fluency	fluency	NOUN
edu-5488	262	32	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	262	33	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	262	34	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	262	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	263	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	263	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	263	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	263	4	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	263	5	confirm	confirm	VERB
edu-5488	263	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	263	7	alternative	alternative	ADJ
edu-5488	263	8	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
edu-5488	263	9	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	263	10	h1	h1	PROPN
edu-5488	263	11	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	263	12	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	263	13	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	263	14	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	263	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	263	16	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	263	17	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	263	18	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	263	19	integrated	integrate	VERB
edu-5488	263	20	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	263	21	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	263	22	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	263	23	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	263	24	influence	influence	VERB
edu-5488	263	25	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	263	26	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	263	27	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	263	28	motivational	motivational	ADJ
edu-5488	263	29	impetus	impetus	NOUN
edu-5488	263	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	263	31	leading	lead	VERB
edu-5488	263	32	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	263	33	notable	notable	ADJ
edu-5488	263	34	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	263	35	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	263	36	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	263	37	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	263	38	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	264	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	264	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	264	3	validate	validate	VERB
edu-5488	264	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	264	5	hypotheses	hypothesis	NOUN
edu-5488	264	6	formulated	formulate	VERB
edu-5488	264	7	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	264	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	264	9	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	264	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	264	11	confirming	confirm	VERB
edu-5488	264	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	264	13	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	264	14	influence	influence	NOUN
edu-5488	264	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	264	16	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	264	17	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	264	18	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	264	19	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	264	20	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	264	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	264	22	underscoring	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	264	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	264	24	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	264	25	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	264	26	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	264	27	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	264	28	attributes	attribute	NOUN
edu-5488	264	29	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	264	30	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	264	31	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	264	32	refining	refine	VERB
edu-5488	264	33	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	264	34	fluency	fluency	NOUN
edu-5488	264	35	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	264	36	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	264	37	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	264	38	the	the	DET
edu-5488	264	39	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
edu-5488	264	40	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	264	41	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	264	42	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	264	43	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	264	44	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	264	45	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	264	46	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	264	47	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	264	48	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	264	49	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	264	50	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	264	51	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	264	52	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	264	53	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	264	54	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	264	55	the	the	DET
edu-5488	264	56	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	264	57	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	264	58	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	264	59	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	265	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	265	2	essence	essence	NOUN
edu-5488	265	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	265	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	265	5	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	265	6	strongly	strongly	ADV
edu-5488	265	7	support	support	VERB
edu-5488	265	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	265	9	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	265	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	265	11	utility	utility	NOUN
edu-5488	265	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	265	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	265	14	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	265	15	a	a	DET
edu-5488	265	16	robust	robust	ADJ
edu-5488	265	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	265	18	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	265	19	tool	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	265	20	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	265	21	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	265	22	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	265	23	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	265	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	265	25	particularly	particularly	ADV
edu-5488	265	26	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	265	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	265	28	domain	domain	NOUN
edu-5488	265	29	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	265	30	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	265	31	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	265	32	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	265	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	266	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	266	2	empirical	empirical	ADJ
edu-5488	266	3	evidence	evidence	NOUN
edu-5488	266	4	provided	provide	VERB
edu-5488	266	5	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	266	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	266	7	data	datum	NOUN
edu-5488	266	8	serves	serve	VERB
edu-5488	266	9	to	to	PART
edu-5488	266	10	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	266	11	substantial	substantial	ADJ
edu-5488	266	12	support	support	NOUN
edu-5488	266	13	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	266	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	266	15	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	266	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	266	17	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	266	18	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	266	19	an	an	DET
edu-5488	266	20	innovative	innovative	ADJ
edu-5488	266	21	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	266	22	successful	successful	ADJ
edu-5488	266	23	mechanism	mechanism	NOUN
edu-5488	266	24	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	266	25	advancing	advance	VERB
edu-5488	266	26	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	266	27	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	266	28	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	266	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	267	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	267	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	267	3	hold	hold	VERB
edu-5488	267	4	promising	promising	ADJ
edu-5488	267	5	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	267	6	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	267	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	267	8	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	267	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	267	10	signaling	signal	VERB
edu-5488	267	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	267	12	promising	promising	ADJ
edu-5488	267	13	possibilities	possibility	NOUN
edu-5488	267	14	inherent	inherent	ADJ
edu-5488	267	15	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	267	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	267	17	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	267	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	267	19	technologydriven	technologydriven	PROPN
edu-5488	267	20	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	267	21	like	like	ADP
edu-5488	267	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	267	23	to	to	PART
edu-5488	267	24	bolster	bolster	VERB
edu-5488	267	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	267	26	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	267	27	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	267	28	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	267	29	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	267	30	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	267	31	contexts	contexts	NOUN
edu-5488	267	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	268	1	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	268	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	268	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	268	4	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	268	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	268	6	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	268	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	268	8	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	268	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	268	10	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	268	11	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	268	12	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	268	13	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	268	14	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	268	15	71	71	NUM
edu-5488	268	16	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	268	17	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	268	18	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	268	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	268	20	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	268	21	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	268	22	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	268	23	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	268	24	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	268	25	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	268	26	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	268	27	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	268	28	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	268	29	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	268	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	268	31	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	268	32	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	268	33	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	268	34	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	268	35	via	via	ADP
edu-5488	268	36	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	268	37	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	1	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	269	2	categories	category	NOUN
edu-5488	269	3	f	f	NOUN
edu-5488	269	4	%	%	NOUN
edu-5488	269	5	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN
edu-5488	269	6	s	s	X
edu-5488	269	7	p	p	X
edu-5488	269	8	ea	ea	X
edu-5488	269	9	k	k	PROPN
edu-5488	269	10	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	269	11	g	g	PROPN
edu-5488	269	12	improvement	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	269	13	7	7	NUM
edu-5488	269	14	21.9	21.9	NUM
edu-5488	269	15	meal	meal	NOUN
edu-5488	269	16	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	17	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	18	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	20	bridge	bridge	NOUN
edu-5488	269	21	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	22	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	23	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	25	play	play	NOUN
edu-5488	269	26	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	27	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	28	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	30	river	river	NOUN
edu-5488	269	31	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	32	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	33	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	34	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	35	clay	clay	NOUN
edu-5488	269	36	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	37	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	38	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	39	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	40	river	river	NOUN
edu-5488	269	41	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	42	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	269	43	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	44	synchronization	synchronization	NOUN
edu-5488	269	45	7	7	NUM
edu-5488	269	46	21.9	21.9	NUM
edu-5488	269	47	statue	statue	NOUN
edu-5488	269	48	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	49	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	50	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	51	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	52	labyrinth	labyrinth	ADJ
edu-5488	269	53	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	54	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	55	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	56	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	57	chess	chess	NOUN
edu-5488	269	58	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	59	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	60	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	61	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	62	pilot	pilot	NOUN
edu-5488	269	63	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	64	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	65	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	66	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	67	sculptor	sculptor	NOUN
edu-5488	269	68	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	69	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	70	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	71	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	72	shadows	shadow	NOUN
edu-5488	269	73	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	74	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	75	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	76	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	77	melody	melody	NOUN
edu-5488	269	78	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	79	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	80	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	81	extraction	extraction	NOUN
edu-5488	269	82	5	5	NUM
edu-5488	269	83	15.6	15.6	NUM
edu-5488	269	84	spaceship	spaceship	NOUN
edu-5488	269	85	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	86	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	87	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	88	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	89	meal	meal	NOUN
edu-5488	269	90	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	91	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	92	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	93	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	94	galaxy	galaxy	NOUN
edu-5488	269	95	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	96	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	97	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	98	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	99	sand	sand	NOUN
edu-5488	269	100	dunes	dune	NOUN
edu-5488	269	101	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	102	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	103	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	104	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	105	fireflies	firefly	NOUN
edu-5488	269	106	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	107	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	108	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	109	modification	modification	NOUN
edu-5488	269	110	5	5	NUM
edu-5488	269	111	15.6	15.6	NUM
edu-5488	269	112	plant	plant	NOUN
edu-5488	269	113	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	114	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	115	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	116	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	117	waves	wave	NOUN
edu-5488	269	118	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	119	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	120	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	121	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	122	painting	paint	VERB
edu-5488	269	123	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	124	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	125	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	126	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	127	puzzle	puzzle	NOUN
edu-5488	269	128	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	129	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	130	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	131	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	132	painting	paint	VERB
edu-5488	269	133	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	134	1	1	X
edu-5488	269	135	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	136	practicing	practice	VERB
edu-5488	269	137	8	8	NUM
edu-5488	269	138	25.0	25.0	NUM
edu-5488	269	139	potion	potion	NOUN
edu-5488	269	140	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	141	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	142	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	143	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	144	garden	garden	NOUN
edu-5488	269	145	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	146	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	147	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	148	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	149	tapestry	tapestry	NOUN
edu-5488	269	150	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	151	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	152	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	153	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	154	origami	origami	NOUN
edu-5488	269	155	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	156	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	157	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	158	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	159	mosaic	mosaic	PROPN
edu-5488	269	160	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	161	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	269	162	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	163	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	164	symphony	symphony	NOUN
edu-5488	269	165	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	166	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	269	167	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	269	168	4.2	4.2	NUM
edu-5488	269	169	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	270	1	qualitative	qualitative	NOUN
edu-5488	270	2	results	result	VERB
edu-5488	270	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	270	4	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	270	5	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	270	6	delineated	delineate	VERB
edu-5488	270	7	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	270	8	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	270	9	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	270	10	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	270	11	an	an	DET
edu-5488	270	12	insight	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	270	13	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	270	14	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	270	15	to	to	PART
edu-5488	270	16	examine	examine	VERB
edu-5488	270	17	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	270	18	'	'	PART
edu-5488	270	19	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	270	20	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	270	21	via	via	ADP
edu-5488	270	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	270	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	271	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	271	2	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	271	3	representations	representation	NOUN
edu-5488	271	4	offer	offer	VERB
edu-5488	271	5	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	271	6	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	271	7	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	271	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	271	9	intricate	intricate	ADJ
edu-5488	271	10	dynamics	dynamic	NOUN
edu-5488	271	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	271	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	271	13	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	271	14	processes	process	NOUN
edu-5488	271	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	271	16	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	271	17	'	'	PART
edu-5488	271	18	subjective	subjective	ADJ
edu-5488	271	19	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	271	20	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	271	21	the	the	DET
edu-5488	271	22	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	271	23	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	271	24	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	271	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	271	26	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	271	27	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	271	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	272	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	272	2	broad	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	272	3	spectrum	spectrum	NOUN
edu-5488	272	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	272	5	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN
edu-5488	272	6	employed	employ	VERB
edu-5488	272	7	underscores	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	272	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	272	9	multifaceted	multifaceted	ADJ
edu-5488	272	10	nature	nature	NOUN
edu-5488	272	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	272	12	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	272	13	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	272	14	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	272	15	as	as	SCONJ
edu-5488	272	16	perceived	perceive	VERB
edu-5488	272	17	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	272	18	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	272	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	273	1	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	273	2	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN
edu-5488	273	3	denoting	denote	VERB
edu-5488	273	4	transformative	transformative	ADJ
edu-5488	273	5	processes	process	NOUN
edu-5488	273	6	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	273	7	those	those	PRON
edu-5488	273	8	suggesting	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	273	9	precision	precision	NOUN
edu-5488	273	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	273	11	exploration	exploration	NOUN
edu-5488	273	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	273	13	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	273	14	draw	draw	VERB
edu-5488	273	15	upon	upon	SCONJ
edu-5488	273	16	a	a	DET
edu-5488	273	17	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	273	18	array	array	NOUN
edu-5488	273	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	273	20	imagery	imagery	NOUN
edu-5488	273	21	to	to	PART
edu-5488	273	22	articulate	articulate	VERB
edu-5488	273	23	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	273	24	evolving	evolve	VERB
edu-5488	273	25	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	273	26	competencies	competency	NOUN
edu-5488	273	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	274	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	274	4	categorization	categorization	NOUN
edu-5488	274	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	274	6	these	these	DET
edu-5488	274	7	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN
edu-5488	274	8	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	274	9	distinct	distinct	ADJ
edu-5488	274	10	thematic	thematic	ADJ
edu-5488	274	11	clusters	cluster	NOUN
edu-5488	274	12	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	13	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	14	improvement	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	274	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	16	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	17	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	18	synchronization	synchronization	NOUN
edu-5488	274	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	20	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	21	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	22	extraction	extraction	NOUN
edu-5488	274	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	24	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	25	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	26	modification	modification	NOUN
edu-5488	274	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	28	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	29	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	274	30	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	31	practicing	practice	VERB
edu-5488	274	32	"	"	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	33	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	274	34	facilitates	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	274	35	a	a	DET
edu-5488	274	36	systematic	systematic	ADJ
edu-5488	274	37	exploration	exploration	NOUN
edu-5488	274	38	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	274	39	the	the	DET
edu-5488	274	40	various	various	ADJ
edu-5488	274	41	facets	facet	NOUN
edu-5488	274	42	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	274	43	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	274	44	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	274	45	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
edu-5488	274	46	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	274	47	the	the	DET
edu-5488	274	48	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	274	49	framework	framework	NOUN
edu-5488	274	50	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	275	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	275	2	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	275	3	expressions	expression	NOUN
edu-5488	275	4	serve	serve	VERB
edu-5488	275	5	not	not	PART
edu-5488	275	6	merely	merely	ADV
edu-5488	275	7	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	275	8	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	275	9	embellishments	embellishment	NOUN
edu-5488	275	10	but	but	CCONJ
edu-5488	275	11	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	275	12	intricate	intricate	ADJ
edu-5488	275	13	reflections	reflection	NOUN
edu-5488	275	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	275	15	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	275	16	'	'	PART
edu-5488	275	17	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	275	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	275	19	affective	affective	ADJ
edu-5488	275	20	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	275	21	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	275	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	275	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	275	24	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	275	25	process	process	NOUN
edu-5488	275	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	276	1	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	276	2	thinking	thinking	NOUN
edu-5488	276	3	allows	allow	VERB
edu-5488	276	4	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	276	5	to	to	PART
edu-5488	276	6	articulate	articulate	VERB
edu-5488	276	7	complex	complex	ADJ
edu-5488	276	8	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	276	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	276	10	emotional	emotional	ADJ
edu-5488	276	11	states	state	NOUN
edu-5488	276	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	276	13	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	276	14	researchers	researcher	NOUN
edu-5488	276	15	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	276	16	invaluable	invaluable	ADJ
edu-5488	276	17	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	276	18	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	276	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	276	20	underlying	underlie	VERB
edu-5488	276	21	mechanisms	mechanism	NOUN
edu-5488	276	22	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	276	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	276	24	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	276	25	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	276	26	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	276	27	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	276	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	277	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	277	2	sum	sum	NOUN
edu-5488	277	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	277	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	277	5	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	277	6	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	277	7	elucidate	elucidate	VERB
edu-5488	277	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	277	9	intricate	intricate	ADJ
edu-5488	277	10	interplay	interplay	NOUN
edu-5488	277	11	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	277	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	277	13	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	277	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	277	15	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	277	16	metaphors	metaphor	NOUN
edu-5488	277	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	277	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	277	19	individual	individual	ADJ
edu-5488	277	20	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	277	21	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	277	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	277	23	contributing	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	277	24	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	277	25	an	an	DET
edu-5488	277	26	understanding	understanding	NOUN
edu-5488	277	27	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	277	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	277	29	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	277	30	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	277	31	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	277	32	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	277	33	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	277	34	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	277	35	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	277	36	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	277	37	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	277	38	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	277	39	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	277	40	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	277	41	the	the	DET
edu-5488	277	42	scholarly	scholarly	ADJ
edu-5488	277	43	discourse	discourse	NOUN
edu-5488	277	44	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	277	45	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	277	46	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	277	47	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	277	48	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	277	49	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	278	1	thus	thus	ADV
edu-5488	278	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	278	3	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	278	4	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	278	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	278	6	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	278	7	representations	representation	NOUN
edu-5488	278	8	presented	present	VERB
edu-5488	278	9	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	278	10	table	table	NOUN
edu-5488	278	11	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	278	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	278	13	there	there	PRON
edu-5488	278	14	is	be	VERB
edu-5488	278	15	support	support	NOUN
edu-5488	278	16	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	278	17	hypothesis	hypothesis	NOUN
edu-5488	278	18	h1	h1	NOUN
edu-5488	278	19	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	278	20	rq2	rq2	NOUN
edu-5488	278	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	278	22	suggesting	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	278	23	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	278	24	metaphorical	metaphorical	ADJ
edu-5488	278	25	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	278	26	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	278	27	the	the	DET
edu-5488	278	28	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	278	29	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	278	30	exhibit	exhibit	VERB
edu-5488	278	31	a	a	DET
edu-5488	278	32	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	278	33	correlation	correlation	NOUN
edu-5488	278	34	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	278	35	emotional	emotional	ADJ
edu-5488	278	36	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	278	37	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	278	38	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
edu-5488	278	39	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	278	40	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	278	41	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	278	42	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	278	43	the	the	DET
edu-5488	278	44	subjective	subjective	ADJ
edu-5488	278	45	aspects	aspect	NOUN
edu-5488	278	46	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	278	47	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	278	48	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	278	49	beyond	beyond	ADP
edu-5488	278	50	conventional	conventional	ADJ
edu-5488	278	51	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	278	52	instruction	instruction	NOUN
edu-5488	278	53	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	278	54	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	279	1	5	5	X
edu-5488	279	2	.	.	X
edu-5488	279	3	discussion	discussion	NOUN
edu-5488	279	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	279	5	discussion	discussion	NOUN
edu-5488	279	6	section	section	NOUN
edu-5488	279	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	279	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	279	9	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	279	10	offers	offer	VERB
edu-5488	279	11	a	a	DET
edu-5488	279	12	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	279	13	exploration	exploration	NOUN
edu-5488	279	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	279	15	the	the	DET
edu-5488	279	16	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	279	17	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	279	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	279	19	wider	wide	ADJ
edu-5488	279	20	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	279	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	279	22	existing	exist	VERB
edu-5488	279	23	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	279	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	279	25	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	279	26	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	280	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	280	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	280	3	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	280	4	this	this	DET
edu-5488	280	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	280	6	demonstrate	demonstrate	VERB
edu-5488	280	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	280	8	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	280	9	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	280	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	280	11	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	280	12	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	280	13	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	280	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	280	15	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	280	16	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	280	17	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	280	18	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	280	19	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	280	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	280	21	corroborating	corroborate	VERB
edu-5488	280	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	280	23	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	280	24	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	280	25	previous	previous	ADJ
edu-5488	280	26	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	280	27	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	280	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	280	29	field	field	NOUN
edu-5488	280	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	281	1	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	281	2	instance	instance	NOUN
edu-5488	281	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	281	4	similar	similar	ADJ
edu-5488	281	5	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	281	6	were	be	AUX
edu-5488	281	7	found	find	VERB
edu-5488	281	8	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	281	9	an	an	DET
edu-5488	281	10	investigation	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	281	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	281	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	281	13	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	281	14	apps	app	NOUN
edu-5488	281	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	281	16	highlighting	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	281	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	281	18	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	281	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	281	20	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	281	21	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	281	22	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	281	23	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	281	24	techniques	technique	NOUN
edu-5488	281	25	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	281	26	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	281	27	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	281	28	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	281	29	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	281	30	rajendran	rajendran	PROPN
edu-5488	281	31	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	281	32	yunus	yunus	PROPN
edu-5488	281	33	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	281	34	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	281	35	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	281	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	282	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	282	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	282	3	's	's	PART
edu-5488	282	4	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	282	5	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	282	6	consistent	consistent	ADJ
edu-5488	282	7	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	282	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	282	9	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	282	10	trend	trend	NOUN
edu-5488	282	11	observed	observe	VERB
edu-5488	282	12	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	282	13	recent	recent	ADJ
edu-5488	282	14	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	282	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	282	16	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	282	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	282	18	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	282	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	282	20	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	282	21	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	282	22	enhanced	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	282	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	282	24	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	282	25	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	282	26	like	like	ADP
edu-5488	282	27	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	282	28	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	282	29	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	282	30	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	282	31	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	282	32	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	282	33	shadiev	shadiev	NOUN
edu-5488	282	34	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	282	35	yang	yang	PROPN
edu-5488	282	36	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	282	37	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	282	38	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	282	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	283	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	283	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	283	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	283	4	present	present	ADJ
edu-5488	283	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	283	6	's	's	PART
edu-5488	283	7	identification	identification	NOUN
edu-5488	283	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	283	9	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	283	10	attributes	attribute	NOUN
edu-5488	283	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	283	12	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	283	13	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	283	14	the	the	DET
edu-5488	283	15	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	283	16	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	283	17	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	283	18	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	283	19	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	283	20	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	283	21	the	the	DET
edu-5488	283	22	refinement	refinement	NOUN
edu-5488	283	23	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	283	24	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	283	25	fluency	fluency	NOUN
edu-5488	283	26	aligns	align	VERB
edu-5488	283	27	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	283	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	283	29	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	283	30	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	283	31	previous	previous	ADJ
edu-5488	283	32	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	283	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	284	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	284	2	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	284	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	284	4	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	284	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	284	6	engaging	engage	VERB
edu-5488	284	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	284	8	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	284	9	activities	activity	NOUN
edu-5488	284	10	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	284	11	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	284	12	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	284	13	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	284	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	284	15	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	284	16	resonates	resonate	VERB
edu-5488	284	17	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	284	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	284	19	current	current	ADJ
edu-5488	284	20	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	284	21	's	's	PART
edu-5488	284	22	emphasis	emphasis	NOUN
edu-5488	284	23	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	284	24	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	284	25	's	's	PART
edu-5488	284	26	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	284	27	components	component	NOUN
edu-5488	284	28	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	284	29	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	284	30	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	284	31	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	284	32	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	284	33	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	284	34	lin	lin	PROPN
edu-5488	284	35	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	284	36	yeh	yeh	PROPN
edu-5488	284	37	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	284	38	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	284	39	chen	chen	PROPN
edu-5488	284	40	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	284	41	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	284	42	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	284	43	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	285	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	285	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	285	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	285	4	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	285	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	285	6	personalized	personalized	ADJ
edu-5488	285	7	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	285	8	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	285	9	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	285	10	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	285	11	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	285	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	285	13	which	which	PRON
edu-5488	285	14	corresponds	correspond	VERB
edu-5488	285	15	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	285	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	285	17	individualized	individualized	ADJ
edu-5488	285	18	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	285	19	offered	offer	VERB
edu-5488	285	20	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	285	21	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	285	22	's	's	PART
edu-5488	285	23	platform	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	285	24	was	be	AUX
edu-5488	285	25	highlighted	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	285	26	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	285	27	shemshack	shemshack	NOUN
edu-5488	285	28	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	285	29	spector	spector	PROPN
edu-5488	285	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	285	31	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	285	32	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	285	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	286	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	286	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	286	3	's	's	PART
edu-5488	286	4	confirmation	confirmation	NOUN
edu-5488	286	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	286	6	the	the	DET
edu-5488	286	7	influence	influence	NOUN
edu-5488	286	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	286	9	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	286	10	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	286	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	286	12	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	286	13	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	286	14	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	286	15	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	286	16	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	286	17	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	286	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	286	19	motivational	motivational	ADJ
edu-5488	286	20	impetus	impetus	NOUN
edu-5488	286	21	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	286	22	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	286	23	line	line	NOUN
edu-5488	286	24	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	286	25	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	286	26	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	286	27	trends	trend	NOUN
edu-5488	286	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	287	1	another	another	DET
edu-5488	287	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	287	3	ertan	ertan	ADJ
edu-5488	287	4	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	287	5	kocadere	kocadere	ADJ
edu-5488	287	6	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	287	7	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	287	8	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	287	9	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	287	10	emphasized	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	287	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	287	12	motivational	motivational	ADJ
edu-5488	287	13	benefits	benefit	NOUN
edu-5488	287	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	287	15	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	287	16	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	287	17	environments	environment	NOUN
edu-5488	287	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	287	19	supporting	support	VERB
edu-5488	287	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	287	21	notion	notion	NOUN
edu-5488	287	22	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	287	23	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	287	24	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	287	25	effectively	effectively	ADV
edu-5488	287	26	promote	promote	VERB
edu-5488	287	27	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	287	28	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	287	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	288	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	288	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	288	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	288	4	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	288	5	's	's	PART
edu-5488	288	6	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	288	7	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	288	8	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	288	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	288	10	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
edu-5488	288	11	discussion	discussion	NOUN
edu-5488	288	12	surrounding	surround	VERB
edu-5488	288	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	288	14	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	288	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	288	16	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	288	17	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	288	18	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	288	19	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	288	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	288	21	reflecting	reflect	VERB
edu-5488	288	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	288	23	current	current	ADJ
edu-5488	288	24	shift	shift	NOUN
edu-5488	288	25	towards	towards	ADP
edu-5488	288	26	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	288	27	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	288	28	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	288	29	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	288	30	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	288	31	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	288	32	karacan	karacan	PROPN
edu-5488	288	33	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	288	34	akoglu	akoglu	PROPN
edu-5488	288	35	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	288	36	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	288	37	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	288	38	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	289	1	despite	despite	SCONJ
edu-5488	289	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	289	3	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	289	4	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	289	5	provided	provide	VERB
edu-5488	289	6	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	289	7	this	this	DET
edu-5488	289	8	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	289	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	289	10	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	289	11	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	289	12	imperative	imperative	ADJ
edu-5488	289	13	to	to	PART
edu-5488	289	14	acknowledge	acknowledge	VERB
edu-5488	289	15	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	289	16	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	289	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	290	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	290	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	290	3	's	's	PART
edu-5488	290	4	focus	focus	NOUN
edu-5488	290	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	290	6	a	a	DET
edu-5488	290	7	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	290	8	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	290	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	290	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	290	11	short	short	ADJ
edu-5488	290	12	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	290	13	term	term	NOUN
edu-5488	290	14	assessment	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	290	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	290	16	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	290	17	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	290	18	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	290	19	restrict	restrict	VERB
edu-5488	290	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	290	21	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
edu-5488	290	22	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	290	23	the	the	DET
edu-5488	290	24	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	290	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	291	1	to	to	PART
edu-5488	291	2	address	address	VERB
edu-5488	291	3	these	these	DET
edu-5488	291	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	291	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	291	6	future	future	ADJ
edu-5488	291	7	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	291	8	endeavors	endeavor	NOUN
edu-5488	291	9	should	should	AUX
edu-5488	291	10	consider	consider	VERB
edu-5488	291	11	conducting	conduct	VERB
edu-5488	291	12	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
edu-5488	291	13	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	291	14	encompassing	encompass	VERB
edu-5488	291	15	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	291	16	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	291	17	contexts	context	NOUN
edu-5488	291	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	291	19	a	a	DET
edu-5488	291	20	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	291	21	range	range	NOUN
edu-5488	291	22	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	291	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	291	24	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	291	25	measures	measure	NOUN
edu-5488	291	26	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	291	27	kazu	kazu	PROPN
edu-5488	291	28	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	291	29	kuvvetli	kuvvetli	PROPN
edu-5488	291	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	291	31	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	291	32	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	291	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	292	1	moreover	moreover	ADV
edu-5488	292	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	292	3	investigations	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	292	4	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	292	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	292	6	long	long	ADJ
edu-5488	292	7	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	292	8	term	term	NOUN
edu-5488	292	9	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
edu-5488	292	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	292	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	292	12	observed	observe	VERB
edu-5488	292	13	enhancements	enhancement	NOUN
edu-5488	292	14	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	292	15	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	292	16	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	292	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	292	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	292	19	examination	examination	NOUN
edu-5488	292	20	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	292	21	the	the	DET
edu-5488	292	22	interplay	interplay	NOUN
edu-5488	292	23	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	292	24	individual	individual	ADJ
edu-5488	292	25	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	292	26	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
edu-5488	292	27	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	292	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	292	29	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	292	30	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	292	31	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	292	32	could	could	AUX
edu-5488	292	33	offer	offer	VERB
edu-5488	292	34	additional	additional	ADJ
edu-5488	292	35	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	292	36	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	292	37	personalized	personalized	ADJ
edu-5488	292	38	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	292	39	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	292	40	interventions	intervention	NOUN
edu-5488	292	41	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	292	42	ghafar	ghafar	ADV
edu-5488	292	43	et	et	PROPN
edu-5488	292	44	al	al	PROPN
edu-5488	292	45	.	.	PROPN
edu-5488	292	46	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	292	47	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	292	48	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	292	49	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	293	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	293	2	summary	summary	NOUN
edu-5488	293	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	293	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	293	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	293	6	's	's	PART
edu-5488	293	7	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	293	8	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	293	9	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	293	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	293	11	growing	grow	VERB
edu-5488	293	12	body	body	NOUN
edu-5488	293	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	293	14	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	293	15	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	293	16	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	293	17	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	293	18	driven	drive	VERB
edu-5488	293	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	293	20	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	293	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	293	22	providing	provide	VERB
edu-5488	293	23	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	293	24	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	293	25	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	293	26	the	the	DET
edu-5488	293	27	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	293	28	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	293	29	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	293	30	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	293	31	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	293	32	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	293	33	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	293	34	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	293	35	practices	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	293	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	294	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	294	2	corroborating	corroborate	VERB
edu-5488	294	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	294	4	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	294	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	294	6	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	294	7	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	294	8	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	294	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	294	10	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	294	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	294	12	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	294	13	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	294	14	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	294	15	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	294	16	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	294	17	engaging	engage	VERB
edu-5488	294	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	294	19	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	294	20	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	294	21	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	294	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	294	23	this	this	DET
edu-5488	294	24	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	294	25	serves	serve	VERB
edu-5488	294	26	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	294	27	a	a	DET
edu-5488	294	28	foundation	foundation	NOUN
edu-5488	294	29	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	294	30	further	further	ADJ
edu-5488	294	31	inquiries	inquiry	NOUN
edu-5488	294	32	into	into	ADP
edu-5488	294	33	the	the	DET
edu-5488	294	34	optimal	optimal	ADJ
edu-5488	294	35	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	294	36	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	294	37	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	294	38	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	294	39	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	294	40	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	294	41	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	294	42	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	294	43	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	294	44	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	294	45	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	294	46	the	the	DET
edu-5488	294	47	advancement	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	294	48	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	294	49	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	294	50	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	294	51	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	294	52	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	294	53	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	294	54	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	294	55	contexts	contexts	NOUN
edu-5488	294	56	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	295	1	6	6	X
edu-5488	295	2	.	.	X
edu-5488	295	3	conclusion	conclusion	VERB
edu-5488	295	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	295	5	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	295	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	295	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	295	8	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	295	9	emphasizes	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	295	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	295	11	significant	significant	ADJ
edu-5488	295	12	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	295	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	295	14	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	295	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	295	16	a	a	DET
edu-5488	295	17	leading	lead	VERB
edu-5488	295	18	mobile	mobile	ADJ
edu-5488	295	19	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	295	20	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	295	21	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	295	22	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	295	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	295	24	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	295	25	enhancing	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	295	26	the	the	DET
edu-5488	295	27	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	295	28	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	295	29	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	295	30	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	295	31	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	295	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	296	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	296	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	296	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	296	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	296	5	positive	positive	ADJ
edu-5488	296	6	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	296	7	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	296	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	296	9	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	296	10	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	296	11	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	296	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	296	13	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	296	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	296	15	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	296	16	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	296	17	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	296	18	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	296	19	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	296	20	72	72	NUM
edu-5488	296	21	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	296	22	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	296	23	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	296	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	296	25	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	296	26	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	296	27	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	296	28	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	296	29	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	296	30	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	296	31	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	296	32	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	296	33	influence	influence	NOUN
edu-5488	296	34	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	296	35	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	296	36	's	's	PART
edu-5488	296	37	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	296	38	components	component	NOUN
edu-5488	296	39	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	296	40	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	296	41	exercises	exercise	NOUN
edu-5488	296	42	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	296	43	the	the	DET
edu-5488	296	44	refinement	refinement	NOUN
edu-5488	296	45	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	296	46	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	296	47	fluency	fluency	NOUN
edu-5488	296	48	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	296	49	underscoring	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	296	50	the	the	DET
edu-5488	296	51	platform	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	296	52	's	's	PART
edu-5488	296	53	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	296	54	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	296	55	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	296	56	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	296	57	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	296	58	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	297	1	this	this	DET
edu-5488	297	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	297	3	's	's	PART
edu-5488	297	4	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	297	5	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	297	6	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	297	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	297	8	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	297	9	discourse	discourse	NOUN
edu-5488	297	10	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	297	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	297	12	integration	integration	NOUN
edu-5488	297	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	297	14	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	297	15	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	297	16	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	297	17	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	297	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	297	19	reaffirming	reaffirm	VERB
edu-5488	297	20	the	the	DET
edu-5488	297	21	importance	importance	NOUN
edu-5488	297	22	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	297	23	incorporating	incorporate	VERB
edu-5488	297	24	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	297	25	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	297	26	engaging	engage	VERB
edu-5488	297	27	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	297	28	tools	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	297	29	to	to	PART
edu-5488	297	30	foster	foster	VERB
edu-5488	297	31	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	297	32	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	297	33	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	297	34	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	297	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	298	1	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	298	2	confirming	confirm	VERB
edu-5488	298	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	298	4	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	298	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	298	6	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	298	7	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	298	8	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	298	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	298	10	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	298	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	298	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	298	13	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	298	14	provides	provide	VERB
edu-5488	298	15	valuable	valuable	ADJ
edu-5488	298	16	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	298	17	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	298	18	educators	educator	NOUN
edu-5488	298	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	298	20	researchers	researcher	NOUN
edu-5488	298	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	298	22	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	298	23	policymakers	policymaker	NOUN
edu-5488	298	24	seeking	seek	VERB
edu-5488	298	25	to	to	PART
edu-5488	298	26	optimize	optimize	VERB
edu-5488	298	27	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	298	28	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	298	29	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	298	30	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	298	31	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	298	32	approaches	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	298	33	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	299	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	299	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	299	3	's	's	PART
edu-5488	299	4	identification	identification	NOUN
edu-5488	299	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	299	6	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	299	7	attributes	attribute	NOUN
edu-5488	299	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	299	9	strategies	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	299	10	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	299	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	299	12	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	299	13	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	299	14	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	299	15	significantly	significantly	ADV
edu-5488	299	16	contribute	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	299	17	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	299	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	299	19	enhancement	enhancement	NOUN
edu-5488	299	20	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	299	21	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	299	22	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	299	23	underscores	underscore	VERB
edu-5488	299	24	the	the	DET
edu-5488	299	25	platform	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	299	26	's	's	PART
edu-5488	299	27	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	299	28	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	299	29	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	299	30	personalized	personalized	ADJ
edu-5488	299	31	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	299	32	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	299	33	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	299	34	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	299	35	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	299	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	300	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	300	2	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	300	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
edu-5488	300	4	that	that	SCONJ
edu-5488	300	5	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	300	6	's	's	PART
edu-5488	300	7	tailored	tailor	VERB
edu-5488	300	8	approach	approach	NOUN
edu-5488	300	9	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	300	10	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	300	11	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	300	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	300	13	coupled	couple	VERB
edu-5488	300	14	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	300	15	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	300	16	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	300	17	advancements	advancement	NOUN
edu-5488	300	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	300	19	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	300	20	pedagogical	pedagogical	ADJ
edu-5488	300	21	methods	method	NOUN
edu-5488	300	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	300	23	effectively	effectively	ADV
edu-5488	300	24	promotes	promote	VERB
edu-5488	300	25	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	300	26	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	300	27	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	300	28	motivational	motivational	ADJ
edu-5488	300	29	impetus	impetus	NOUN
edu-5488	300	30	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	300	31	leading	lead	VERB
edu-5488	300	32	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	300	33	notable	notable	ADJ
edu-5488	300	34	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	300	35	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	300	36	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	300	37	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	300	38	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	300	39	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	300	40	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	300	41	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	301	1	these	these	DET
edu-5488	301	2	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	301	3	highlight	highlight	VERB
edu-5488	301	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	301	5	critical	critical	ADJ
edu-5488	301	6	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	301	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	301	8	innovative	innovative	ADJ
edu-5488	301	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	301	10	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	301	11	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	301	12	like	like	ADP
edu-5488	301	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	301	14	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	301	15	fostering	foster	VERB
edu-5488	301	16	a	a	DET
edu-5488	301	17	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
edu-5488	301	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	301	19	immersive	immersive	ADJ
edu-5488	301	20	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	301	21	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	301	22	environment	environment	NOUN
edu-5488	301	23	conducive	conducive	ADJ
edu-5488	301	24	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	301	25	effective	effective	ADJ
edu-5488	301	26	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	301	27	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	301	28	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	301	29	development	development	NOUN
edu-5488	301	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	302	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	302	2	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	302	3	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	302	4	acknowledges	acknowledge	VERB
edu-5488	302	5	certain	certain	ADJ
edu-5488	302	6	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	302	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	302	8	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	302	9	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	302	10	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	302	11	focus	focus	NOUN
edu-5488	302	12	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	302	13	a	a	DET
edu-5488	302	14	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	302	15	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	302	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	302	17	the	the	DET
edu-5488	302	18	shortterm	shortterm	PROPN
edu-5488	302	19	assessment	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	302	20	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	302	21	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	302	22	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	302	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	303	1	to	to	PART
edu-5488	303	2	address	address	VERB
edu-5488	303	3	these	these	DET
edu-5488	303	4	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	303	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	303	6	future	future	ADJ
edu-5488	303	7	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	303	8	endeavors	endeavor	NOUN
edu-5488	303	9	should	should	AUX
edu-5488	303	10	consider	consider	VERB
edu-5488	303	11	conducting	conduct	VERB
edu-5488	303	12	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
edu-5488	303	13	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	303	14	encompassing	encompass	VERB
edu-5488	303	15	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	303	16	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	303	17	contexts	context	NOUN
edu-5488	303	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	303	19	employing	employ	VERB
edu-5488	303	20	a	a	DET
edu-5488	303	21	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	303	22	range	range	NOUN
edu-5488	303	23	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	303	24	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	303	25	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	303	26	measures	measure	NOUN
edu-5488	303	27	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	304	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	304	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	304	3	exploring	explore	VERB
edu-5488	304	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	304	5	long	long	ADJ
edu-5488	304	6	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	304	7	term	term	NOUN
edu-5488	304	8	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
edu-5488	304	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	304	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	304	11	observed	observe	VERB
edu-5488	304	12	enhancements	enhancement	NOUN
edu-5488	304	13	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	304	14	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	304	15	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	304	16	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	304	17	investigating	investigate	VERB
edu-5488	304	18	the	the	DET
edu-5488	304	19	interplay	interplay	NOUN
edu-5488	304	20	between	between	ADP
edu-5488	304	21	individual	individual	ADJ
edu-5488	304	22	learner	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	304	23	characteristics	characteristic	NOUN
edu-5488	304	24	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	304	25	the	the	DET
edu-5488	304	26	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	304	27	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	304	28	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	304	29	could	could	AUX
edu-5488	304	30	provide	provide	VERB
edu-5488	304	31	further	further	ADJ
edu-5488	304	32	insights	insight	NOUN
edu-5488	304	33	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	304	34	tailoring	tailor	VERB
edu-5488	304	35	personalized	personalize	VERB
edu-5488	304	36	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	304	37	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	304	38	interventions	intervention	NOUN
edu-5488	304	39	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	304	40	optimizing	optimize	VERB
edu-5488	304	41	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	304	42	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	304	43	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	305	1	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	305	2	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	305	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	305	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	305	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	305	6	's	's	PART
edu-5488	305	7	strong	strong	ADJ
edu-5488	305	8	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	305	9	affirm	affirm	VERB
edu-5488	305	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	305	11	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	305	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	305	13	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	305	14	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	305	15	a	a	DET
edu-5488	305	16	dynamic	dynamic	ADJ
edu-5488	305	17	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	305	18	influential	influential	ADJ
edu-5488	305	19	tool	tool	NOUN
edu-5488	305	20	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	305	21	acquiring	acquire	VERB
edu-5488	305	22	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	305	23	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	305	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	305	25	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	305	26	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	305	27	pivotal	pivotal	ADJ
edu-5488	305	28	contribution	contribution	NOUN
edu-5488	305	29	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	305	30	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	305	31	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	305	32	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	305	33	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	305	34	facilitating	facilitate	VERB
edu-5488	305	35	immersive	immersive	NOUN
edu-5488	305	36	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	305	37	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	305	38	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	305	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	306	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	306	2	implications	implication	NOUN
edu-5488	306	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	306	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	306	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	306	6	extend	extend	VERB
edu-5488	306	7	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	306	8	the	the	DET
edu-5488	306	9	broader	broad	ADJ
edu-5488	306	10	landscape	landscape	NOUN
edu-5488	306	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	306	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	306	13	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	306	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	306	15	emphasizing	emphasize	VERB
edu-5488	306	16	the	the	DET
edu-5488	306	17	transformative	transformative	ADJ
edu-5488	306	18	potential	potential	NOUN
edu-5488	306	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	306	20	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	306	21	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	306	22	driven	drive	VERB
edu-5488	306	23	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	306	24	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	306	25	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	306	26	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	306	27	shaping	shape	VERB
edu-5488	306	28	the	the	DET
edu-5488	306	29	trajectory	trajectory	NOUN
edu-5488	306	30	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	306	31	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	306	32	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	306	33	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	306	34	promoting	promote	VERB
edu-5488	306	35	cross	cross	ADJ
edu-5488	306	36	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	306	37	cultural	cultural	ADJ
edu-5488	306	38	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	306	39	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	307	1	7	7	X
edu-5488	307	2	.	.	X
edu-5488	307	3	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	307	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	307	5	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	307	6	's	's	PART
edu-5488	307	7	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	307	8	should	should	AUX
edu-5488	307	9	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	307	10	interpreted	interpret	VERB
edu-5488	307	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	307	12	light	light	NOUN
edu-5488	307	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	307	14	several	several	ADJ
edu-5488	307	15	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	307	16	inherent	inherent	ADJ
edu-5488	307	17	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	307	18	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	307	19	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	307	20	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	307	21	methodology	methodology	NOUN
edu-5488	307	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	308	1	firstly	firstly	ADV
edu-5488	308	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	308	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	308	4	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	308	5	's	's	PART
edu-5488	308	6	exclusive	exclusive	ADJ
edu-5488	308	7	focus	focus	NOUN
edu-5488	308	8	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	308	9	a	a	DET
edu-5488	308	10	single	single	ADJ
edu-5488	308	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	308	12	limits	limit	VERB
edu-5488	308	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	308	14	generalizability	generalizability	NOUN
edu-5488	308	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	308	16	its	its	PRON
edu-5488	308	17	conclusions	conclusion	NOUN
edu-5488	308	18	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	308	19	other	other	ADJ
edu-5488	308	20	linguistic	linguistic	ADJ
edu-5488	308	21	contexts	contexts	NOUN
edu-5488	308	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	308	23	potentially	potentially	ADV
edu-5488	308	24	overlooking	overlook	VERB
edu-5488	308	25	nuances	nuance	NOUN
edu-5488	308	26	specific	specific	ADJ
edu-5488	308	27	to	to	PART
edu-5488	308	28	diverse	diverse	VERB
edu-5488	308	29	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	308	30	learners	learner	NOUN
edu-5488	308	31	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	309	1	secondly	secondly	ADV
edu-5488	309	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	309	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	309	4	short	short	ADJ
edu-5488	309	5	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	309	6	term	term	NOUN
edu-5488	309	7	nature	nature	NOUN
edu-5488	309	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	309	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	309	10	assessment	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	309	11	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	309	12	not	not	PART
edu-5488	309	13	fully	fully	ADV
edu-5488	309	14	capture	capture	VERB
edu-5488	309	15	the	the	DET
edu-5488	309	16	sustained	sustained	ADJ
edu-5488	309	17	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	309	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	309	19	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	309	20	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	309	21	long	long	ADJ
edu-5488	309	22	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	309	23	term	term	NOUN
edu-5488	309	24	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	309	25	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	309	26	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	309	27	retention	retention	NOUN
edu-5488	309	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	310	1	additionally	additionally	ADV
edu-5488	310	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	310	3	the	the	DET
edu-5488	310	4	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	310	5	's	's	PART
edu-5488	310	6	reliance	reliance	NOUN
edu-5488	310	7	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	310	8	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	310	9	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	310	10	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	310	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	310	12	primary	primary	ADJ
edu-5488	310	13	outcome	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	310	14	measure	measure	NOUN
edu-5488	310	15	neglects	neglect	VERB
edu-5488	310	16	other	other	ADJ
edu-5488	310	17	dimensions	dimension	NOUN
edu-5488	310	18	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	310	19	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	310	20	proficiency	proficiency	NOUN
edu-5488	310	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	310	22	such	such	ADJ
edu-5488	310	23	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	310	24	listening	listen	VERB
edu-5488	310	25	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
edu-5488	310	26	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	310	27	writing	writing	NOUN
edu-5488	310	28	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	310	29	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	310	30	thereby	thereby	ADV
edu-5488	310	31	offering	offer	VERB
edu-5488	310	32	a	a	DET
edu-5488	310	33	partial	partial	ADJ
edu-5488	310	34	view	view	NOUN
edu-5488	310	35	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	310	36	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	310	37	's	's	PART
edu-5488	310	38	overall	overall	ADJ
edu-5488	310	39	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	310	40	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	311	1	furthermore	furthermore	ADV
edu-5488	311	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	311	3	potential	potential	ADJ
edu-5488	311	4	bias	bias	NOUN
edu-5488	311	5	stemming	stem	VERB
edu-5488	311	6	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	311	7	self	self	NOUN
edu-5488	311	8	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	311	9	selection	selection	NOUN
edu-5488	311	10	among	among	ADP
edu-5488	311	11	participants	participant	NOUN
edu-5488	311	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	311	13	coupled	couple	VERB
edu-5488	311	14	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	311	15	the	the	DET
edu-5488	311	16	absence	absence	NOUN
edu-5488	311	17	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	311	18	a	a	DET
edu-5488	311	19	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	311	20	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	311	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	311	22	raises	raise	VERB
edu-5488	311	23	concerns	concern	NOUN
edu-5488	311	24	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	311	25	the	the	DET
edu-5488	311	26	validity	validity	NOUN
edu-5488	311	27	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	311	28	attributing	attribute	VERB
edu-5488	311	29	observed	observed	ADJ
edu-5488	311	30	improvements	improvement	NOUN
edu-5488	311	31	solely	solely	ADV
edu-5488	311	32	to	to	PART
edu-5488	311	33	duolingo	duolingo	VERB
edu-5488	311	34	usage	usage	NOUN
edu-5488	311	35	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	312	1	addressing	address	VERB
edu-5488	312	2	these	these	DET
edu-5488	312	3	limitations	limitation	NOUN
edu-5488	312	4	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	312	5	future	future	ADJ
edu-5488	312	6	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	312	7	endeavors	endeavor	NOUN
edu-5488	312	8	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	312	9	essential	essential	ADJ
edu-5488	312	10	to	to	PART
edu-5488	312	11	enhance	enhance	VERB
edu-5488	312	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	312	13	robustness	robustness	NOUN
edu-5488	312	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	312	15	applicability	applicability	NOUN
edu-5488	312	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	312	17	findings	finding	NOUN
edu-5488	312	18	regarding	regard	VERB
edu-5488	312	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	312	20	efficacy	efficacy	NOUN
edu-5488	312	21	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	312	22	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	312	23	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	312	24	similar	similar	ADJ
edu-5488	312	25	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	312	26	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	312	27	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	312	28	across	across	ADP
edu-5488	312	29	diverse	diverse	ADJ
edu-5488	312	30	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	312	31	settings	setting	NOUN
edu-5488	312	32	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	313	1	references	reference	NOUN
edu-5488	313	2	aldemir	aldemir	PROPN
edu-5488	313	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	313	4	t.	t.	PROPN
edu-5488	313	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	313	6	celik	celik	PROPN
edu-5488	313	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	313	8	b.	b.	PROPN
edu-5488	313	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	313	10	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	313	11	kaplan	kaplan	PROPN
edu-5488	313	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	313	13	g.	g.	PROPN
edu-5488	313	14	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	313	15	2018	2018	NUM
edu-5488	313	16	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	313	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	314	1	a	a	DET
edu-5488	314	2	qualitative	qualitative	ADJ
edu-5488	314	3	investigation	investigation	NOUN
edu-5488	314	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	314	5	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	314	6	perceptions	perception	NOUN
edu-5488	314	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	314	8	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	314	9	elements	element	NOUN
edu-5488	314	10	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	314	11	a	a	DET
edu-5488	314	12	gamified	gamified	ADJ
edu-5488	314	13	course	course	NOUN
edu-5488	314	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	315	1	computers	computer	NOUN
edu-5488	315	2	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	315	3	human	human	ADJ
edu-5488	315	4	behavior	behavior	NOUN
edu-5488	315	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	315	6	78	78	NUM
edu-5488	315	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	315	8	235	235	NUM
edu-5488	315	9	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	315	10	254	254	NUM
edu-5488	315	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	316	1	arroba	arroba	PROPN
edu-5488	316	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	316	3	j.	j.	PROPN
edu-5488	316	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	316	5	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	316	6	acosta	acosta	PROPN
edu-5488	316	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	316	8	h.	h.	PROPN
edu-5488	316	9	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	316	10	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	316	11	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	316	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	317	1	authentic	authentic	ADJ
edu-5488	317	2	digital	digital	PROPN
edu-5488	317	3	storytelling	storytelling	NOUN
edu-5488	317	4	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	317	5	alternative	alternative	ADJ
edu-5488	317	6	teaching	teaching	NOUN
edu-5488	317	7	strategy	strategy	NOUN
edu-5488	317	8	to	to	PART
edu-5488	317	9	develop	develop	VERB
edu-5488	317	10	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	317	11	skills	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	317	12	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	317	13	efl	efl	PROPN
edu-5488	317	14	classes	class	NOUN
edu-5488	317	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	1	learn	learn	VERB
edu-5488	318	2	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	318	3	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	318	5	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	318	6	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	318	7	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	318	8	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	318	9	network	network	NOUN
edu-5488	318	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	11	14(1	14(1	NUM
edu-5488	318	12	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	14	317	317	NUM
edu-5488	318	15	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	318	16	343	343	NUM
edu-5488	318	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	18	behera	behera	PROPN
edu-5488	318	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	20	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	318	21	k.	k.	PROPN
edu-5488	318	22	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	23	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	318	24	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	318	25	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	319	1	technological	technological	ADJ
edu-5488	319	2	interventions	intervention	NOUN
edu-5488	319	3	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	319	4	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	319	5	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	319	6	an	an	DET
edu-5488	319	7	empirical	empirical	ADJ
edu-5488	319	8	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	319	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	319	10	their	their	PRON
edu-5488	319	11	impact	impact	NOUN
edu-5488	319	12	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	319	13	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	319	14	outcomes	outcome	NOUN
edu-5488	319	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	320	1	alsystech	alsystech	PROPN
edu-5488	320	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	320	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	320	4	education	education	PROPN
edu-5488	320	5	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	320	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	320	7	1(1	1(1	NUM
edu-5488	320	8	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	320	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	320	10	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	320	11	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	320	12	77	77	NUM
edu-5488	320	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	321	1	https://doi.org/10.58578/alsystech.v1i1.1674	https://doi.org/10.58578/alsystech.v1i1.1674	PRON
edu-5488	321	2	blake	blake	PROPN
edu-5488	321	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	321	4	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	321	5	j.	j.	PROPN
edu-5488	321	6	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	321	7	2011	2011	NUM
edu-5488	321	8	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	321	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	322	1	current	current	ADJ
edu-5488	322	2	trends	trend	NOUN
edu-5488	322	3	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	322	4	online	online	ADJ
edu-5488	322	5	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	322	6	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	322	7	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	323	1	annual	annual	ADJ
edu-5488	323	2	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	323	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	323	4	applied	applied	ADJ
edu-5488	323	5	linguistics	linguistic	NOUN
edu-5488	323	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	323	7	31	31	NUM
edu-5488	323	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	323	9	19	19	NUM
edu-5488	323	10	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	323	11	35	35	NUM
edu-5488	323	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	324	1	https://doi.org/10.1017/s026719051100002x	https://doi.org/10.1017/s026719051100002x	PROPN
edu-5488	324	2	boudadi	boudadi	NOUN
edu-5488	324	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	324	4	n.	n.	PROPN
edu-5488	324	5	a.	a.	PROPN
edu-5488	324	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	324	7	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	324	8	gutiérrez	gutiérrez	NOUN
edu-5488	324	9	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	324	10	colón	colón	NOUN
edu-5488	324	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	324	12	m.	m.	NOUN
edu-5488	324	13	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	324	14	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	324	15	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	324	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	325	1	effect	effect	NOUN
edu-5488	325	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	325	3	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	325	4	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	325	5	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	325	6	'	'	PART
edu-5488	325	7	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	325	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	325	9	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	325	10	achievement	achievement	NOUN
edu-5488	325	11	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	325	12	second	second	ADJ
edu-5488	325	13	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	325	14	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	325	15	within	within	ADP
edu-5488	325	16	higher	high	ADJ
edu-5488	325	17	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	325	18	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	325	19	a	a	DET
edu-5488	325	20	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	325	21	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	325	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	326	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	326	2	eurocall	eurocall	PROPN
edu-5488	326	3	review	review	PROPN
edu-5488	326	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	326	5	28(1	28(1	NOUN
edu-5488	326	6	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	326	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	326	8	57	57	NUM
edu-5488	326	9	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	326	10	69	69	NUM
edu-5488	326	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	1	https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2020.12974	https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2020.12974	PROPN
edu-5488	327	2	budhwar	budhwar	PROPN
edu-5488	327	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	4	p.	p.	PROPN
edu-5488	327	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	6	chowdhury	chowdhury	PROPN
edu-5488	327	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	8	s.	s.	PROPN
edu-5488	327	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	10	wood	wood	PROPN
edu-5488	327	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	12	g.	g.	PROPN
edu-5488	327	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	14	aguinis	aguinis	PROPN
edu-5488	327	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	16	h.	h.	PROPN
edu-5488	327	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	18	bamber	bamber	PROPN
edu-5488	327	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	20	g.	g.	PROPN
edu-5488	327	21	j.	j.	PROPN
edu-5488	327	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	23	beltran	beltran	PROPN
edu-5488	327	24	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	25	j.	j.	PROPN
edu-5488	327	26	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	327	27	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	29	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	327	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	328	1	denisi	denisi	PROPN
edu-5488	328	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	328	3	a.	a.	NOUN
edu-5488	328	4	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	328	5	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	328	6	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	328	7	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	329	1	human	human	ADJ
edu-5488	329	2	resource	resource	NOUN
edu-5488	329	3	management	management	NOUN
edu-5488	329	4	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	329	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	329	6	age	age	NOUN
edu-5488	329	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	329	8	generative	generative	ADJ
edu-5488	329	9	artificial	artificial	ADJ
edu-5488	329	10	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
edu-5488	329	11	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	329	12	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
edu-5488	329	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	329	14	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	329	15	directions	direction	NOUN
edu-5488	329	16	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	329	17	chatgpt	chatgpt	NOUN
edu-5488	329	18	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	330	1	human	human	ADJ
edu-5488	330	2	resource	resource	NOUN
edu-5488	330	3	management	management	NOUN
edu-5488	330	4	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	330	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	330	6	33(3	33(3	NOUN
edu-5488	330	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	330	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	330	9	606	606	NUM
edu-5488	330	10	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	330	11	659	659	NUM
edu-5488	330	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	331	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12531	https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12531	PROPN
edu-5488	331	2	chwialkowska	chwialkowska	NOUN
edu-5488	331	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	331	4	a.	a.	NOUN
edu-5488	331	5	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	331	6	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	331	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	331	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	332	1	maximizing	maximize	VERB
edu-5488	332	2	cross	cross	ADJ
edu-5488	332	3	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	332	4	cultural	cultural	ADJ
edu-5488	332	5	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	332	6	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	332	7	exchange	exchange	NOUN
edu-5488	332	8	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	332	9	abroad	abroad	ADV
edu-5488	332	10	programs	program	NOUN
edu-5488	332	11	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	332	12	transformative	transformative	ADJ
edu-5488	332	13	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	332	14	theory	theory	NOUN
edu-5488	332	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	333	1	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	333	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	333	3	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	333	4	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	333	5	international	international	ADJ
edu-5488	333	6	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	333	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	333	8	24(5	24(5	NOUN
edu-5488	333	9	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	333	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	333	11	535	535	NUM
edu-5488	333	12	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	333	13	554	554	NUM
edu-5488	333	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	334	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315320906163	https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315320906163	PROPN
edu-5488	334	2	culduz	culduz	PROPN
edu-5488	334	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	334	4	m.	m.	NOUN
edu-5488	334	5	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	334	6	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	334	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	334	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	335	1	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	335	2	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	335	3	english	english	PROPN
edu-5488	335	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	335	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
edu-5488	335	6	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	335	7	elt	elt	PROPN
edu-5488	335	8	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	335	9	a	a	DET
edu-5488	335	10	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	335	11	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	335	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	335	13	theory	theory	NOUN
edu-5488	335	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	335	15	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	335	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	336	1	international	international	ADJ
edu-5488	336	2	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	336	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	336	4	social	social	ADJ
edu-5488	336	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	336	6	humanities	humanity	NOUN
edu-5488	336	7	sciences	sciences	PROPN
edu-5488	336	8	research	research	PROPN
edu-5488	336	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	336	10	10(100	10(100	PROPN
edu-5488	336	11	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	336	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	336	13	2663	2663	NUM
edu-5488	336	14	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	336	15	2675	2675	NUM
edu-5488	336	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	1	dehghanzadeh	dehghanzadeh	NOUN
edu-5488	337	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	3	h.	h.	PROPN
edu-5488	337	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	5	fardanesh	fardanesh	PROPN
edu-5488	337	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	7	h.	h.	PROPN
edu-5488	337	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	9	hatami	hatami	PROPN
edu-5488	337	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	11	j.	j.	PROPN
edu-5488	337	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	13	talaee	talaee	PROPN
edu-5488	337	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	15	e.	e.	PROPN
edu-5488	337	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	17	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	337	18	noroozi	noroozi	PROPN
edu-5488	337	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	20	o.	o.	NOUN
edu-5488	337	21	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	22	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	337	23	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	337	24	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	338	1	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	338	2	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	338	3	to	to	PART
edu-5488	338	4	support	support	VERB
edu-5488	338	5	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	338	6	english	english	PROPN
edu-5488	338	7	as	as	ADP
edu-5488	338	8	a	a	DET
edu-5488	338	9	second	second	ADJ
edu-5488	338	10	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	338	11	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	338	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	338	13	systematic	systematic	ADJ
edu-5488	338	14	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	338	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	339	1	computer	computer	NOUN
edu-5488	339	2	assisted	assist	VERB
edu-5488	339	3	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	339	4	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	339	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	339	6	34(7	34(7	NUM
edu-5488	339	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	339	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	339	9	934	934	NUM
edu-5488	339	10	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	339	11	957	957	NUM
edu-5488	339	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	340	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1648298	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1648298	PROPN
edu-5488	340	2	ersoy	ersoy	PROPN
edu-5488	340	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	340	4	f.	f.	PROPN
edu-5488	340	5	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	340	6	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	340	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	340	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	341	1	effects	effect	NOUN
edu-5488	341	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	341	3	perceived	perceive	VERB
edu-5488	341	4	productivity	productivity	NOUN
edu-5488	341	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	341	6	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	341	7	effort	effort	NOUN
edu-5488	341	8	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	341	9	evidence	evidence	NOUN
edu-5488	341	10	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	341	11	a	a	DET
edu-5488	341	12	field	field	NOUN
edu-5488	341	13	experiment	experiment	NOUN
edu-5488	341	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	342	1	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	342	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	342	3	economic	economic	ADJ
edu-5488	342	4	behavior	behavior	NOUN
edu-5488	342	5	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	342	6	organization	organization	PROPN
edu-5488	342	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	342	8	207	207	NUM
edu-5488	342	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	342	10	376	376	NUM
edu-5488	342	11	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	342	12	391	391	NUM
edu-5488	342	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	343	1	ertan	ertan	PROPN
edu-5488	343	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	343	3	k.	k.	PROPN
edu-5488	343	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	343	5	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	343	6	kocadere	kocadere	PROPN
edu-5488	343	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	343	8	s.	s.	PROPN
edu-5488	343	9	a.	a.	PROPN
edu-5488	343	10	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	343	11	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	343	12	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	343	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	344	1	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	344	2	design	design	VERB
edu-5488	344	3	to	to	PART
edu-5488	344	4	increase	increase	VERB
edu-5488	344	5	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	344	6	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	344	7	online	online	ADJ
edu-5488	344	8	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	344	9	environments	environment	NOUN
edu-5488	344	10	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	344	11	a	a	DET
edu-5488	344	12	systematic	systematic	ADJ
edu-5488	344	13	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	344	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	345	1	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	345	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	345	3	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	345	4	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	345	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
edu-5488	345	6	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	345	7	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	345	8	age	age	NOUN
edu-5488	345	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	345	10	7(2	7(2	NUM
edu-5488	345	11	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	345	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	345	13	151	151	NUM
edu-5488	345	14	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	345	15	159	159	NUM
edu-5488	345	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	1	ghafar	ghafar	ADV
edu-5488	346	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	3	z.	z.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	4	n.	n.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	6	salh	salh	PROPN
edu-5488	346	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	8	h.	h.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	9	f.	f.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	11	abdulrahim	abdulrahim	PROPN
edu-5488	346	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	13	m.	m.	NOUN
edu-5488	346	14	a.	a.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	15	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	16	farxha	farxha	ADV
edu-5488	346	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	18	s.	s.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	19	s.	s.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	20	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	21	arf	arf	PROPN
edu-5488	346	22	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	23	s.	s.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	24	f.	f.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	26	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	346	27	rahim	rahim	PROPN
edu-5488	346	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	29	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	30	i.	i.	PROPN
edu-5488	346	31	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	32	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	346	33	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	346	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	347	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	347	2	role	role	NOUN
edu-5488	347	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	347	4	artificial	artificial	ADJ
edu-5488	347	5	intelligence	intelligence	NOUN
edu-5488	347	6	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	347	7	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	347	8	english	english	PROPN
edu-5488	347	9	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	347	10	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	347	11	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	347	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	347	13	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	347	14	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	347	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	348	1	canadian	canadian	ADJ
edu-5488	348	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	348	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	348	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	348	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	348	6	literature	literature	NOUN
edu-5488	348	7	studies	study	NOUN
edu-5488	348	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	348	9	3(2	3(2	NUM
edu-5488	348	10	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	348	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	348	12	17	17	NUM
edu-5488	348	13	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	348	14	31	31	NUM
edu-5488	348	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	349	1	https://doi.org/10.53103/cjlls.v3i2.87	https://doi.org/10.53103/cjlls.v3i2.87	VERB
edu-5488	349	2	hafifah	hafifah	NOUN
edu-5488	349	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	349	4	h.	h.	PROPN
edu-5488	349	5	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	349	6	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	349	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	349	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	350	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	350	2	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	350	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	350	4	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	350	5	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	350	6	improving	improve	VERB
edu-5488	350	7	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	350	8	’	'	PUNCT
edu-5488	350	9	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	350	10	skill	skill	NOUN
edu-5488	350	11	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	350	12	madrasah	madrasah	PROPN
edu-5488	350	13	aliyah	aliyah	PROPN
edu-5488	350	14	bilingual	bilingual	PROPN
edu-5488	350	15	batu	batu	PROPN
edu-5488	350	16	school	school	PROPN
edu-5488	350	17	year	year	NOUN
edu-5488	350	18	2019/2020	2019/2020	NUM
edu-5488	350	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	351	1	langedu	langedu	PROPN
edu-5488	351	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	351	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	351	4	10(3	10(3	NUM
edu-5488	351	5	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	351	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	351	7	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	351	8	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	351	9	7	7	NUM
edu-5488	351	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	352	1	henrie	henrie	PROPN
edu-5488	352	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	352	3	c.	c.	PROPN
edu-5488	352	4	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	352	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	352	6	halverson	halverson	PROPN
edu-5488	352	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	352	8	l.	l.	PROPN
edu-5488	352	9	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	352	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	352	11	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	352	12	graham	graham	PROPN
edu-5488	352	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	352	14	c.	c.	PROPN
edu-5488	352	15	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	352	16	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	352	17	2015	2015	NUM
edu-5488	352	18	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	352	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	353	1	measuring	measure	VERB
edu-5488	353	2	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	353	3	engagement	engagement	NOUN
edu-5488	353	4	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	353	5	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	353	6	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	353	7	mediated	mediate	VERB
edu-5488	353	8	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	353	9	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	353	10	a	a	DET
edu-5488	353	11	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	353	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	354	1	computers	computer	NOUN
edu-5488	354	2	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	354	3	education	education	PROPN
edu-5488	354	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	354	5	90	90	NUM
edu-5488	354	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	354	7	36	36	NUM
edu-5488	354	8	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	354	9	53	53	NUM
edu-5488	354	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	355	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.09.005	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.09.005	NUM
edu-5488	355	2	james	james	PROPN
edu-5488	355	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	355	4	k.	k.	PROPN
edu-5488	355	5	k.	k.	PROPN
edu-5488	355	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	355	7	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	355	8	mayer	mayer	PROPN
edu-5488	355	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	355	10	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	355	11	e.	e.	PROPN
edu-5488	355	12	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	355	13	2019	2019	NUM
edu-5488	355	14	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	355	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	356	1	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	356	2	a	a	DET
edu-5488	356	3	second	second	ADJ
edu-5488	356	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	356	5	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	356	6	playing	play	VERB
edu-5488	356	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	356	8	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	356	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	357	1	applied	apply	VERB
edu-5488	357	2	cognitive	cognitive	ADJ
edu-5488	357	3	psychology	psychology	NOUN
edu-5488	357	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	357	5	33(4	33(4	NUM
edu-5488	357	6	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	357	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	357	8	669	669	NUM
edu-5488	357	9	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	357	10	674	674	NUM
edu-5488	357	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	358	1	https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3492	https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3492	PROPN
edu-5488	358	2	johnson	johnson	PROPN
edu-5488	358	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	358	4	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	358	5	m.	m.	PROPN
edu-5488	358	6	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	358	7	1983	1983	NUM
edu-5488	358	8	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	358	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	359	1	natural	natural	ADJ
edu-5488	359	2	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	359	3	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	359	4	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	359	5	design	design	NOUN
edu-5488	359	6	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	359	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	359	8	classroom	classroom	NOUN
edu-5488	359	9	experiment	experiment	NOUN
edu-5488	359	10	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	359	11	social	social	ADJ
edu-5488	359	12	interaction	interaction	NOUN
edu-5488	359	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	359	14	second	second	ADJ
edu-5488	359	15	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	359	16	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	359	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	360	1	tesol	tesol	PROPN
edu-5488	360	2	quarterly	quarterly	PROPN
edu-5488	360	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	360	4	17(1	17(1	NUM
edu-5488	360	5	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	360	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	360	7	55	55	NUM
edu-5488	360	8	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	360	9	68	68	NUM
edu-5488	360	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	360	11	https://doi.org/10.2307/3586424	https://doi.org/10.2307/3586424	PRON
edu-5488	361	1	https://doi.org/10.58578/alsystech.v1i1.1674	https://doi.org/10.58578/alsystech.v1i1.1674	PRON
edu-5488	361	2	https://doi.org/10.1017/s026719051100002x	https://doi.org/10.1017/s026719051100002x	NOUN
edu-5488	361	3	https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2020.12974	https://doi.org/10.4995/eurocall.2020.12974	PROPN
edu-5488	361	4	https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12531	https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12531	PROPN
edu-5488	361	5	https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315320906163	https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315320906163	X
edu-5488	361	6	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1648298	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2019.1648298	AUX
edu-5488	361	7	https://doi.org/10.53103/cjlls.v3i2.87	https://doi.org/10.53103/cjlls.v3i2.87	VERB
edu-5488	361	8	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.09.005	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.09.005	NUM
edu-5488	361	9	https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3492	https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3492	PROPN
edu-5488	361	10	https://doi.org/10.2307/3586424	https://doi.org/10.2307/3586424	NUM
edu-5488	361	11	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	361	12	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	361	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	361	14	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	361	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	361	16	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	361	17	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	361	18	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	361	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	361	20	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	361	21	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	361	22	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	361	23	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	361	24	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	361	25	73	73	NUM
edu-5488	361	26	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	361	27	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	361	28	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	361	29	the	the	DET
edu-5488	361	30	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	361	31	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	361	32	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	361	33	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	361	34	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	361	35	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	361	36	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	361	37	group	group	PROPN
edu-5488	361	38	juanggo	juanggo	PROPN
edu-5488	361	39	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	361	40	w.	w.	PROPN
edu-5488	361	41	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	361	42	2017	2017	NUM
edu-5488	361	43	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	361	44	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	362	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	362	2	concept	concept	NOUN
edu-5488	362	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	362	4	l2	l2	NOUN
edu-5488	362	5	user	user	NOUN
edu-5488	362	6	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	362	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	362	8	goals	goal	NOUN
edu-5488	362	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	362	10	second	second	ADJ
edu-5488	362	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	362	12	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	362	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	363	1	jurnal	jurnal	ADJ
edu-5488	363	2	studi	studi	PROPN
edu-5488	363	3	komunikasi	komunikasi	PROPN
edu-5488	363	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	363	5	1(2	1(2	NUM
edu-5488	363	6	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	363	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	363	8	101	101	NUM
edu-5488	363	9	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	363	10	115	115	NUM
edu-5488	363	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	364	1	https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v1i2.142	https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v1i2.142	ADV
edu-5488	364	2	karacan	karacan	ADJ
edu-5488	364	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	364	4	c.	c.	PROPN
edu-5488	364	5	g.	g.	PROPN
edu-5488	364	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	364	7	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	364	8	akoglu	akoglu	PROPN
edu-5488	364	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	364	10	k.	k.	PROPN
edu-5488	364	11	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	364	12	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	364	13	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	364	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	365	1	educational	educational	ADJ
edu-5488	365	2	augmented	augment	VERB
edu-5488	365	3	reality	reality	NOUN
edu-5488	365	4	technology	technology	NOUN
edu-5488	365	5	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	365	6	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	365	7	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	365	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	365	9	teaching	teaching	NOUN
edu-5488	365	10	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	365	11	a	a	DET
edu-5488	365	12	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
edu-5488	365	13	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	365	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	366	1	shanlax	shanlax	PROPN
edu-5488	366	2	international	international	PROPN
edu-5488	366	3	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	366	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	366	5	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	366	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	366	7	9(2	9(2	NUM
edu-5488	366	8	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	366	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	366	10	68	68	NUM
edu-5488	366	11	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	366	12	79	79	NUM
edu-5488	366	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	367	1	https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i2.3715	https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i2.3715	PROPN
edu-5488	367	2	kazu	kazu	PROPN
edu-5488	367	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	367	4	i̇.	i̇.	PROPN
edu-5488	367	5	y.	y.	PROPN
edu-5488	367	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	367	7	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	367	8	kuvvetli	kuvvetli	PROPN
edu-5488	367	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	367	10	m.	m.	NOUN
edu-5488	367	11	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	367	12	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	367	13	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	367	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	368	1	a	a	DET
edu-5488	368	2	triangulation	triangulation	NOUN
edu-5488	368	3	method	method	NOUN
edu-5488	368	4	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	368	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	368	6	effectiveness	effectiveness	NOUN
edu-5488	368	7	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	368	8	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	368	9	game	game	NOUN
edu-5488	368	10	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	368	11	based	base	VERB
edu-5488	368	12	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	368	13	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	368	14	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	368	15	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
edu-5488	368	16	acquisition	acquisition	NOUN
edu-5488	368	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	369	1	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	369	2	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	369	3	information	information	NOUN
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edu-5488	369	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	369	6	28	28	NUM
edu-5488	369	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	369	8	13541–13567	13541–13567	NUM
edu-5488	369	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	370	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11756-y	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11756-y	PROPN
edu-5488	370	2	kem	kem	PROPN
edu-5488	370	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	370	4	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	370	5	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	370	6	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	370	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	370	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	371	1	personalised	personalised	ADJ
edu-5488	371	2	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	371	3	adaptive	adaptive	ADJ
edu-5488	371	4	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	371	5	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	371	6	emerging	emerge	VERB
edu-5488	371	7	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	371	8	platforms	platform	NOUN
edu-5488	371	9	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	371	10	the	the	DET
edu-5488	371	11	era	era	NOUN
edu-5488	371	12	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	371	13	digital	digital	ADJ
edu-5488	371	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	371	15	smart	smart	ADJ
edu-5488	371	16	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	371	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	372	1	international	international	ADJ
edu-5488	372	2	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	372	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	372	4	social	social	ADJ
edu-5488	372	5	science	science	NOUN
edu-5488	372	6	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	372	7	human	human	ADJ
edu-5488	372	8	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	372	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	372	10	5(2	5(2	NUM
edu-5488	372	11	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	372	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	372	13	385	385	NUM
edu-5488	372	14	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	372	15	391	391	NUM
edu-5488	372	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	373	1	https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i2-02	https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i2-02	PROPN
edu-5488	374	1	kim	kim	PROPN
edu-5488	374	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	374	3	s.-h	s.-h	NOUN
edu-5488	374	4	.	.	PROPN
edu-5488	374	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	374	6	kim	kim	PROPN
edu-5488	374	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	374	8	m.	m.	NOUN
edu-5488	374	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	374	10	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	374	11	holland	holland	PROPN
edu-5488	374	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	374	13	s.	s.	PROPN
edu-5488	374	14	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	374	15	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	374	16	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	374	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	375	1	effects	effect	NOUN
edu-5488	375	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	375	3	intrinsic	intrinsic	ADJ
edu-5488	375	4	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	375	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	375	6	organizational	organizational	ADJ
edu-5488	375	7	citizenship	citizenship	NOUN
edu-5488	375	8	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
edu-5488	375	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	375	10	hospitality	hospitality	NOUN
edu-5488	375	11	employees	employee	NOUN
edu-5488	375	12	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	375	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	375	14	mediating	mediate	VERB
edu-5488	375	15	roles	role	NOUN
edu-5488	375	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	375	17	reciprocity	reciprocity	NOUN
edu-5488	375	18	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	375	19	organizational	organizational	ADJ
edu-5488	375	20	commitment	commitment	NOUN
edu-5488	375	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	376	1	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	376	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	376	3	human	human	ADJ
edu-5488	376	4	resources	resource	NOUN
edu-5488	376	5	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	376	6	hospitality	hospitality	NOUN
edu-5488	376	7	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	376	8	tourism	tourism	NOUN
edu-5488	376	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	376	10	19(2	19(2	NUM
edu-5488	376	11	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	376	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	376	13	168195	168195	NUM
edu-5488	376	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	377	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2020.1702866	https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2020.1702866	PROPN
edu-5488	377	2	langley	langley	PROPN
edu-5488	377	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	377	4	m.	m.	PROPN
edu-5488	377	5	c.	c.	PROPN
edu-5488	377	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	377	7	benítez‐burraco	benítez‐burraco	PROPN
edu-5488	377	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	377	9	a.	a.	NOUN
edu-5488	377	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	377	11	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	377	12	kempe	kempe	PROPN
edu-5488	377	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	377	14	v.	v.	PROPN
edu-5488	377	15	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	377	16	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	377	17	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	377	18	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	378	1	playing	play	VERB
edu-5488	378	2	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	378	3	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	378	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	378	5	creating	create	VERB
edu-5488	378	6	complexity	complexity	NOUN
edu-5488	378	7	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	378	8	has	have	AUX
edu-5488	378	9	play	play	VERB
edu-5488	378	10	contributed	contribute	VERB
edu-5488	378	11	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	378	12	the	the	DET
edu-5488	378	13	evolution	evolution	NOUN
edu-5488	378	14	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	378	15	complex	complex	ADJ
edu-5488	378	16	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	378	17	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	379	1	evolutionary	evolutionary	ADJ
edu-5488	379	2	anthropology	anthropology	NOUN
edu-5488	379	3	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	379	4	issues	issue	NOUN
edu-5488	379	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	379	6	news	news	NOUN
edu-5488	379	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	379	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	379	9	reviews	review	NOUN
edu-5488	379	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	379	11	29(1	29(1	NUM
edu-5488	379	12	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	379	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	379	14	29	29	NUM
edu-5488	379	15	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	379	16	40	40	NUM
edu-5488	379	17	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	1	https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21810	https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21810	ADV
edu-5488	380	2	lin	lin	PROPN
edu-5488	380	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	4	v.	v.	PROPN
edu-5488	380	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	6	yeh	yeh	PROPN
edu-5488	380	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	8	h.-c	h.-c	PROPN
edu-5488	380	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	11	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	380	12	chen	chen	PROPN
edu-5488	380	13	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	14	n.-s	n.-s	PROPN
edu-5488	380	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	16	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	17	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	380	18	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	380	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	381	1	a	a	DET
edu-5488	381	2	systematic	systematic	ADJ
edu-5488	381	3	review	review	NOUN
edu-5488	381	4	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	381	5	oral	oral	ADJ
edu-5488	381	6	interactions	interaction	NOUN
edu-5488	381	7	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	381	8	robot	robot	NOUN
edu-5488	381	9	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	381	10	assisted	assist	VERB
edu-5488	381	11	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	381	12	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	381	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	382	1	electronics	electronic	NOUN
edu-5488	382	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	382	3	11(2	11(2	NOUN
edu-5488	382	4	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	382	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	382	6	290	290	NUM
edu-5488	382	7	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	1	https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020290	https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020290	PROPN
edu-5488	383	2	loewen	loewen	PROPN
edu-5488	383	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	4	s.	s.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	6	crowther	crowther	PROPN
edu-5488	383	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	8	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	10	isbell	isbell	PROPN
edu-5488	383	11	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	12	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	13	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	15	kim	kim	PROPN
edu-5488	383	16	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	17	k.	k.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	18	m.	m.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	19	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	20	maloney	maloney	PROPN
edu-5488	383	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	22	j.	j.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	23	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	24	miller	miller	PROPN
edu-5488	383	25	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	26	z.	z.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	27	f.	f.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	28	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	29	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	383	30	rawal	rawal	PROPN
edu-5488	383	31	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	32	h.	h.	PROPN
edu-5488	383	33	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	34	2019	2019	NUM
edu-5488	383	35	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	383	36	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	384	1	mobile	mobile	NOUN
edu-5488	384	2	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	384	3	assisted	assist	VERB
edu-5488	384	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	384	5	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	384	6	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	384	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	384	8	duolingo	duolingo	NOUN
edu-5488	384	9	case	case	NOUN
edu-5488	384	10	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	384	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	385	1	recall	recall	NOUN
edu-5488	385	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	385	3	31(3	31(3	NUM
edu-5488	385	4	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	385	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	385	6	293	293	NUM
edu-5488	385	7	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	385	8	311	311	NUM
edu-5488	385	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	386	1	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344019000065	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344019000065	PRON
edu-5488	386	2	mahmoodi	mahmoodi	NOUN
edu-5488	386	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	386	4	m.	m.	PROPN
edu-5488	386	5	h.	h.	PROPN
edu-5488	386	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	386	7	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	386	8	yousefi	yousefi	PROPN
edu-5488	386	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	386	10	m.	m.	NOUN
edu-5488	386	11	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	386	12	2022	2022	NUM
edu-5488	386	13	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	386	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	387	1	second	second	ADJ
edu-5488	387	2	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	387	3	motivation	motivation	NOUN
edu-5488	387	4	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	387	5	2010–2019	2010–2019	NUM
edu-5488	387	6	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	387	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	387	8	synthetic	synthetic	ADJ
edu-5488	387	9	exploration	exploration	NOUN
edu-5488	387	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	388	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	388	2	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	388	3	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	388	4	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	388	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	388	6	50(3	50(3	NUM
edu-5488	388	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	388	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	388	9	273	273	NUM
edu-5488	388	10	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	388	11	296	296	NUM
edu-5488	388	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	389	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2020.1869809	https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2020.1869809	X
edu-5488	389	2	munday	munday	PROPN
edu-5488	389	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	389	4	p.	p.	NOUN
edu-5488	389	5	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	389	6	2017	2017	NUM
edu-5488	389	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	389	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	390	1	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
edu-5488	390	2	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	390	3	learning	learn	VERB
edu-5488	390	4	through	through	ADP
edu-5488	390	5	translation	translation	NOUN
edu-5488	390	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	391	1	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	391	2	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	391	3	spanish	spanish	ADJ
edu-5488	391	4	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	391	5	teaching	teaching	NOUN
edu-5488	391	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	391	7	4(2	4(2	NUM
edu-5488	391	8	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	391	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	391	10	194	194	NUM
edu-5488	391	11	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	391	12	198	198	NUM
edu-5488	391	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	392	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/23247797.2017.1396071	https://doi.org/10.1080/23247797.2017.1396071	PROPN
edu-5488	392	2	nilubol	nilubol	PROPN
edu-5488	392	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	392	4	k.	k.	PROPN
edu-5488	392	5	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	392	6	2023	2023	NUM
edu-5488	392	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	392	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	393	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	393	2	feasibility	feasibility	NOUN
edu-5488	393	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	393	4	an	an	DET
edu-5488	393	5	innovative	innovative	ADJ
edu-5488	393	6	gamified	gamifie	VERB
edu-5488	393	7	flipped	flip	VERB
edu-5488	393	8	classroom	classroom	NOUN
edu-5488	393	9	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	393	10	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	393	11	university	university	NOUN
edu-5488	393	12	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	393	13	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	393	14	efl	efl	PROPN
edu-5488	393	15	context	context	NOUN
edu-5488	393	16	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	393	17	an	an	DET
edu-5488	393	18	account	account	NOUN
edu-5488	393	19	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	393	20	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
edu-5488	393	21	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	393	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	394	1	english	english	ADJ
edu-5488	394	2	language	language	PROPN
edu-5488	394	3	teaching	teaching	NOUN
edu-5488	394	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	394	5	16(8	16(8	NUM
edu-5488	394	6	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	394	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	394	8	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	394	9	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	394	10	24	24	NUM
edu-5488	394	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	1	https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v16n8p24	https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v16n8p24	PROPN
edu-5488	395	2	oliveira	oliveira	PROPN
edu-5488	395	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	4	r.	r.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	5	p.	p.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	7	souza	souza	PROPN
edu-5488	395	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	9	c.	c.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	10	g.	g.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	11	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	13	reis	reis	NOUN
edu-5488	395	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	15	a.	a.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	16	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	17	c.	c.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	19	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	395	20	souza	souza	PROPN
edu-5488	395	21	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	22	w.	w.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	23	m.	m.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	24	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	395	25	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	26	2021	2021	NUM
edu-5488	395	27	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	395	28	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	396	1	gamification	gamification	NOUN
edu-5488	396	2	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	396	3	e	e	NOUN
edu-5488	396	4	-	-	ADJ
edu-5488	396	5	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	396	6	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	396	7	sustainability	sustainability	NOUN
edu-5488	396	8	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	396	9	a	a	DET
edu-5488	396	10	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
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edu-5488	400	8	-	-	SYM
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edu-5488	403	5	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	403	8	.	.	PUNCT
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edu-5488	405	1	a	a	DET
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edu-5488	405	10	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	405	11	assisted	assist	VERB
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edu-5488	405	15	mall	mall	NOUN
edu-5488	405	16	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	406	13	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	406	16	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	406	17	609	609	NUM
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edu-5488	407	2	rosell	rosell	NOUN
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edu-5488	407	4	aguilar	aguilar	PROPN
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edu-5488	407	9	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	407	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	408	1	autonomous	autonomous	ADJ
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edu-5488	408	9	a	a	DET
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edu-5488	408	14	busuu	busuu	PROPN
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edu-5488	409	1	computer	computer	NOUN
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edu-5488	409	6	31(8	31(8	NUM
edu-5488	409	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	409	8	,	,	PUNCT
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edu-5488	409	10	-	-	SYM
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edu-5488	409	12	.	.	PUNCT
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edu-5488	410	7	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	411	1	impacts	impact	NOUN
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edu-5488	411	5	-	-	PUNCT
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edu-5488	412	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	412	2	language	language	NOUN
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edu-5488	412	5	43(2	43(2	PROPN
edu-5488	412	6	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	412	9	-	-	SYM
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edu-5488	412	17	&	&	CCONJ
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edu-5488	412	23	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	413	1	review	review	NOUN
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edu-5488	413	6	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	413	7	enhanced	enhance	VERB
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edu-5488	413	9	learning	learning	NOUN
edu-5488	413	10	and	and	CCONJ
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edu-5488	414	4	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	414	7	.	.	PUNCT
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edu-5488	415	13	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	416	1	a	a	DET
edu-5488	416	2	systematic	systematic	ADJ
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edu-5488	417	5	7(1	7(1	NUM
edu-5488	417	6	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	417	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	417	8	120	120	NUM
edu-5488	417	9	.	.	PUNCT
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edu-5488	418	2	shortt	shortt	NOUN
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edu-5488	418	21	b.	b.	PROPN
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edu-5488	419	23	.	.	PUNCT
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edu-5488	420	7	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	420	10	-	-	SYM
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edu-5488	422	5	&	&	CCONJ
edu-5488	422	6	zou	zou	PROPN
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edu-5488	422	12	.	.	PUNCT
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edu-5488	423	4	the	the	DET
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edu-5488	423	6	language	language	NOUN
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edu-5488	423	8	application	application	NOUN
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edu-5488	423	12	:	:	PUNCT
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edu-5488	424	10	)	)	PUNCT
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edu-5488	424	13	-	-	SYM
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edu-5488	425	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	425	9	n.	n.	PROPN
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edu-5488	425	12	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	425	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	426	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
edu-5488	426	2	esol	esol	PROPN
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edu-5488	426	5	the	the	DET
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edu-5488	426	13	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	426	14	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	427	1	research	research	NOUN
edu-5488	427	2	notes	note	NOUN
edu-5488	427	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	427	4	24(1	24(1	NUM
edu-5488	427	5	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	427	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	427	7	25	25	NUM
edu-5488	427	8	.	.	X
edu-5488	427	9	wagner	wagner	PROPN
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edu-5488	427	11	e.	e.	PROPN
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edu-5488	427	13	2020	2020	NUM
edu-5488	427	14	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	427	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	428	1	duolingo	duolingo	PROPN
edu-5488	428	2	english	english	PROPN
edu-5488	428	3	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	428	4	,	,	PUNCT
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edu-5488	428	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	429	1	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	429	2	assessment	assessment	NOUN
edu-5488	429	3	quarterly	quarterly	ADV
edu-5488	429	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	429	5	17(3	17(3	NUM
edu-5488	429	6	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	429	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	429	8	300	300	NUM
edu-5488	429	9	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	429	10	315	315	NUM
edu-5488	429	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	430	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2020.1771343	https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2020.1771343	PROPN
edu-5488	430	2	zhang	zhang	PROPN
edu-5488	430	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	430	4	d.	d.	PROPN
edu-5488	430	5	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	430	6	2012	2012	NUM
edu-5488	430	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	430	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	431	1	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
edu-5488	431	2	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	431	3	grammar	grammar	NOUN
edu-5488	431	4	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN
edu-5488	431	5	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	431	6	second	second	ADJ
edu-5488	431	7	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	431	8	reading	reading	NOUN
edu-5488	431	9	comprehension	comprehension	NOUN
edu-5488	431	10	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	431	11	a	a	DET
edu-5488	431	12	structural	structural	ADJ
edu-5488	431	13	equation	equation	NOUN
edu-5488	431	14	modeling	model	VERB
edu-5488	431	15	study	study	NOUN
edu-5488	431	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	432	1	the	the	DET
edu-5488	432	2	modern	modern	ADJ
edu-5488	432	3	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	432	4	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	432	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	432	6	96(4	96(4	NOUN
edu-5488	432	7	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	432	8	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	432	9	558	558	NUM
edu-5488	432	10	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	432	11	575	575	NUM
edu-5488	432	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	433	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2012.01398.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2012.01398.x	PROPN
edu-5488	433	2	appendix	appendix	ADJ
edu-5488	433	3	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	433	4	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	434	1	cambridge	cambridge	PROPN
edu-5488	434	2	english	english	PROPN
edu-5488	434	3	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	434	4	key	key	ADJ
edu-5488	434	5	speaking	speaking	NOUN
edu-5488	434	6	practice	practice	NOUN
edu-5488	434	7	test	test	NOUN
edu-5488	434	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	435	1	part	part	NOUN
edu-5488	435	2	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	435	3	answer	answer	VERB
edu-5488	435	4	some	some	DET
edu-5488	435	5	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	435	6	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	435	7	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	435	8	daily	daily	ADJ
edu-5488	435	9	life	life	NOUN
edu-5488	435	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	435	11	past	past	ADJ
edu-5488	435	12	experiences	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	435	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	435	14	future	future	ADJ
edu-5488	435	15	plans	plan	NOUN
edu-5488	435	16	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	436	1	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	436	2	example	example	NOUN
edu-5488	436	3	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	436	4	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	436	5	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	436	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	436	7	hobbies	hobby	NOUN
edu-5488	436	8	or	or	CCONJ
edu-5488	436	9	home	home	NOUN
edu-5488	436	10	town	town	NOUN
edu-5488	436	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	437	1	prepare	prepare	VERB
edu-5488	437	2	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	437	3	answers	answer	NOUN
edu-5488	437	4	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	438	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	438	2	phase	phase	NOUN
edu-5488	438	3	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	438	4	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	438	5	what	what	PRON
edu-5488	438	6	’s	’	VERB
edu-5488	438	7	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	438	8	name	name	NOUN
edu-5488	438	9	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	439	1	how	how	SCONJ
edu-5488	439	2	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	439	3	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	439	4	spell	spell	VERB
edu-5488	439	5	that	that	PRON
edu-5488	439	6	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	440	1	where	where	SCONJ
edu-5488	440	2	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	440	3	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	440	4	live	live	VERB
edu-5488	440	5	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	441	1	/where	/where	ADV
edu-5488	442	1	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	442	2	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	442	3	come	come	VERB
edu-5488	442	4	from	from	ADP
edu-5488	442	5	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	443	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	443	2	phase	phase	NOUN
edu-5488	443	3	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	443	4	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	443	5	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	443	6	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	443	7	study	study	VERB
edu-5488	443	8	english	english	PROPN
edu-5488	443	9	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	443	10	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	443	11	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	444	1	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	444	2	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	444	3	like	like	VERB
edu-5488	444	4	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	444	5	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	445	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	445	2	why	why	SCONJ
edu-5488	445	3	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	445	4	/why	/why	PUNCT
edu-5488	446	1	not	not	PART
edu-5488	446	2	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	446	3	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	447	1	what	what	PRON
edu-5488	447	2	other	other	ADJ
edu-5488	447	3	subjects	subject	NOUN
edu-5488	447	4	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	447	5	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	447	6	study	study	VERB
edu-5488	447	7	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	447	8	school	school	NOUN
edu-5488	447	9	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	448	1	which	which	DET
edu-5488	448	2	subject	subject	NOUN
edu-5488	448	3	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	448	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	448	5	most	most	ADV
edu-5488	448	6	difficult	difficult	ADJ
edu-5488	448	7	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	449	1	why	why	SCONJ
edu-5488	449	2	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	450	1	what	what	PRON
edu-5488	450	2	’s	’	VERB
edu-5488	450	3	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	450	4	favourite	favourite	ADJ
edu-5488	450	5	subject	subject	NOUN
edu-5488	450	6	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	451	1	why	why	SCONJ
edu-5488	451	2	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	452	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	452	2	phase	phase	NOUN
edu-5488	452	3	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	452	4	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	452	5	possible	possible	ADJ
edu-5488	452	6	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	452	7	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	452	8	when	when	SCONJ
edu-5488	452	9	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	452	10	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	452	11	birthday	birthday	NOUN
edu-5488	452	12	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	453	1	what	what	PRON
edu-5488	453	2	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	453	3	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	453	4	do	do	VERB
edu-5488	453	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	453	6	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	453	7	birthday	birthday	NOUN
edu-5488	453	8	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	454	1	what	what	PRON
edu-5488	454	2	did	do	AUX
edu-5488	454	3	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	454	4	do	do	VERB
edu-5488	454	5	last	last	ADJ
edu-5488	454	6	weekend	weekend	NOUN
edu-5488	454	7	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	455	1	what	what	PRON
edu-5488	455	2	’s	’	VERB
edu-5488	455	3	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	455	4	favourite	favourite	ADJ
edu-5488	455	5	food	food	NOUN
edu-5488	455	6	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	456	1	where	where	SCONJ
edu-5488	456	2	did	do	AUX
edu-5488	456	3	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	456	4	go	go	VERB
edu-5488	456	5	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	456	6	holiday	holiday	NOUN
edu-5488	456	7	last	last	ADJ
edu-5488	456	8	year	year	NOUN
edu-5488	456	9	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	457	1	have	have	AUX
edu-5488	457	2	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	457	3	ever	ever	ADV
edu-5488	457	4	been	be	AUX
edu-5488	457	5	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	457	6	another	another	DET
edu-5488	457	7	country	country	NOUN
edu-5488	457	8	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	458	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	458	2	if	if	SCONJ
edu-5488	458	3	so	so	ADV
edu-5488	458	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	458	5	where	where	SCONJ
edu-5488	458	6	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	458	7	/if	/if	INTJ
edu-5488	459	1	not	not	PART
edu-5488	459	2	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	459	3	which	which	DET
edu-5488	459	4	country	country	NOUN
edu-5488	459	5	would	would	AUX
edu-5488	459	6	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	459	7	like	like	VERB
edu-5488	459	8	to	to	PART
edu-5488	459	9	visit	visit	VERB
edu-5488	459	10	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	459	11	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	460	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	460	2	phase	phase	NOUN
edu-5488	460	3	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	460	4	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	460	5	possible	possible	ADJ
edu-5488	460	6	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	460	7	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	460	8	tell	tell	VERB
edu-5488	460	9	me	i	PRON
edu-5488	460	10	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	460	11	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	460	12	home	home	NOUN
edu-5488	460	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	461	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	461	2	what	what	PRON
edu-5488	461	3	’s	’	VERB
edu-5488	461	4	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	461	5	favourite	favourite	ADJ
edu-5488	461	6	room	room	NOUN
edu-5488	461	7	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	462	1	why	why	SCONJ
edu-5488	462	2	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	462	3	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	463	1	tell	tell	VERB
edu-5488	463	2	me	i	PRON
edu-5488	463	3	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	463	4	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	463	5	family	family	NOUN
edu-5488	463	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	464	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	464	2	what	what	DET
edu-5488	464	3	things	thing	NOUN
edu-5488	464	4	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	464	5	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	464	6	like	like	VERB
edu-5488	464	7	doing	do	VERB
edu-5488	464	8	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	464	9	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	464	10	family	family	NOUN
edu-5488	464	11	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	465	1	why	why	SCONJ
edu-5488	465	2	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	465	3	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	465	4	tell	tell	VERB
edu-5488	465	5	me	i	PRON
edu-5488	465	6	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	465	7	best	good	ADJ
edu-5488	465	8	friend	friend	NOUN
edu-5488	465	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	466	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	466	2	what	what	DET
edu-5488	466	3	things	thing	NOUN
edu-5488	466	4	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	466	5	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	466	6	do	do	VERB
edu-5488	466	7	together	together	ADV
edu-5488	466	8	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	466	9	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	467	1	tell	tell	VERB
edu-5488	467	2	me	i	PRON
edu-5488	467	3	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	467	4	your	your	PRON
edu-5488	467	5	hobbies	hobby	NOUN
edu-5488	467	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	468	1	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	468	2	when	when	SCONJ
edu-5488	468	3	/	/	SYM
edu-5488	468	4	where	where	SCONJ
edu-5488	468	5	do	do	AUX
edu-5488	468	6	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	468	7	do	do	VERB
edu-5488	468	8	them	they	PRON
edu-5488	468	9	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	469	1	who	who	PRON
edu-5488	469	2	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	469	3	?	?	PUNCT
edu-5488	469	4	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	470	1	https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v1i2.142	https://doi.org/10.25139/jsk.v1i2.142	ADJ
edu-5488	470	2	https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i2.3715	https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i2.3715	NOUN
edu-5488	470	3	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11756-y	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11756-y	NOUN
edu-5488	470	4	https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i2-02	https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i2-02	NOUN
edu-5488	470	5	https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2020.1702866	https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2020.1702866	PROPN
edu-5488	470	6	https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21810	https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21810	ADV
edu-5488	470	7	https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020290	https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11020290	NOUN
edu-5488	471	1	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344019000065	https://doi.org/10.1017/s0958344019000065	NUM
edu-5488	471	2	https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2020.1869809	https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2020.1869809	PROPN
edu-5488	471	3	https://doi.org/10.1080/23247797.2017.1396071	https://doi.org/10.1080/23247797.2017.1396071	PROPN
edu-5488	471	4	https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v16n8p24	https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v16n8p24	PROPN
edu-5488	471	5	https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111945	https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111945	ADP
edu-5488	471	6	https://doi.org/10.1177/02655322231186706	https://doi.org/10.1177/02655322231186706	PROPN
edu-5488	471	7	https://doi.org/10.37147/eltr.v7i2.176	https://doi.org/10.37147/eltr.v7i2.176	NOUN
edu-5488	471	8	https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v10-i1/8939	https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v10-i1/8939	X
edu-5488	471	9	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1456465	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2018.1456465	PROPN
edu-5488	471	10	https://doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt43.2-2	https://doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt43.2-2	X
edu-5488	471	11	https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020524	https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020524	PROPN
edu-5488	471	12	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00140-9	https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-020-00140-9	NUM
edu-5488	471	13	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1933540	https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2021.1933540	PUNCT
edu-5488	472	1	https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmlo.2022.10049576	https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmlo.2022.10049576	PROPN
edu-5488	472	2	https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2020.1771343	https://doi.org/10.1080/15434303.2020.1771343	VERB
edu-5488	472	3	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2012.01398.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2012.01398.x	ADJ
edu-5488	472	4	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	472	5	journal	journal	NOUN
edu-5488	472	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	472	7	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	472	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	472	9	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	472	10	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	472	11	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	472	12	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	472	13	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	472	14	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	472	15	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	472	16	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	472	17	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	472	18	74	74	NUM
edu-5488	472	19	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	472	20	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	472	21	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	472	22	the	the	DET
edu-5488	472	23	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	472	24	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	472	25	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	472	26	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	472	27	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	472	28	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	472	29	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	472	30	group	group	PROPN
edu-5488	472	31	part	part	NOUN
edu-5488	472	32	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	472	33	prompt	prompt	ADJ
edu-5488	472	34	card	card	NOUN
edu-5488	472	35	activity	activity	NOUN
edu-5488	472	36	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	472	37	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	472	38	pairs	pair	NOUN
edu-5488	472	39	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	472	40	ask	ask	VERB
edu-5488	472	41	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	472	42	answer	answer	NOUN
edu-5488	472	43	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	472	44	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	473	1	then	then	ADV
edu-5488	473	2	change	change	VERB
edu-5488	473	3	roles	role	NOUN
edu-5488	473	4	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	474	1	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	474	2	a	a	DET
edu-5488	474	3	read	read	NOUN
edu-5488	474	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	474	5	information	information	NOUN
edu-5488	474	6	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	474	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	474	8	tennis	tennis	NOUN
edu-5488	474	9	competition	competition	NOUN
edu-5488	474	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	475	1	answer	answer	NOUN
edu-5488	475	2	student	student	PROPN
edu-5488	475	3	b	b	PROPN
edu-5488	475	4	’s	’s	PART
edu-5488	475	5	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	475	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	476	1	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	476	2	b	b	PROPN
edu-5488	476	3	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	476	4	want	want	VERB
edu-5488	476	5	to	to	PART
edu-5488	476	6	find	find	VERB
edu-5488	476	7	out	out	ADP
edu-5488	476	8	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	476	9	a	a	DET
edu-5488	476	10	tennis	tennis	NOUN
edu-5488	476	11	competition	competition	NOUN
edu-5488	476	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	477	1	ask	ask	VERB
edu-5488	477	2	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	477	3	a	a	DET
edu-5488	477	4	some	some	DET
edu-5488	477	5	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	477	6	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	477	7	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	477	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	478	1	use	use	VERB
edu-5488	478	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	478	3	words	word	NOUN
edu-5488	478	4	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	478	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	478	6	card	card	NOUN
edu-5488	478	7	to	to	PART
edu-5488	478	8	help	help	VERB
edu-5488	478	9	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	478	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	479	1	student	student	PROPN
edu-5488	479	2	b	b	PROPN
edu-5488	479	3	read	read	VERB
edu-5488	479	4	the	the	DET
edu-5488	479	5	information	information	NOUN
edu-5488	479	6	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	479	7	a	a	DET
edu-5488	479	8	talk	talk	NOUN
edu-5488	479	9	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	479	10	a	a	DET
edu-5488	479	11	famous	famous	ADJ
edu-5488	479	12	writer	writer	NOUN
edu-5488	479	13	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	480	1	answer	answer	NOUN
edu-5488	480	2	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	480	3	a	a	DET
edu-5488	480	4	’s	’s	NOUN
edu-5488	480	5	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	480	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	481	1	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	481	2	a	a	PRON
edu-5488	481	3	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	481	4	want	want	VERB
edu-5488	481	5	to	to	PART
edu-5488	481	6	find	find	VERB
edu-5488	481	7	out	out	ADP
edu-5488	481	8	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	481	9	the	the	DET
edu-5488	481	10	talk	talk	NOUN
edu-5488	481	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	482	1	ask	ask	VERB
edu-5488	482	2	student	student	NOUN
edu-5488	482	3	b	b	PROPN
edu-5488	482	4	some	some	DET
edu-5488	482	5	questions	question	NOUN
edu-5488	482	6	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	482	7	it	it	PRON
edu-5488	482	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	483	1	use	use	VERB
edu-5488	483	2	the	the	DET
edu-5488	483	3	words	word	NOUN
edu-5488	483	4	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	483	5	the	the	DET
edu-5488	483	6	card	card	NOUN
edu-5488	483	7	to	to	PART
edu-5488	483	8	help	help	VERB
edu-5488	483	9	you	you	PRON
edu-5488	483	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	484	1	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	484	2	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	484	3	.	.	NOUN
edu-5488	484	4	time	time	NOUN
edu-5488	484	5	results	result	NOUN
edu-5488	484	6	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	484	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	484	8	experimental	experimental	ADJ
edu-5488	484	9	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	484	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	485	1	students	student	NOUN
edu-5488	485	2	experience	experience	NOUN
edu-5488	485	3	points	point	NOUN
edu-5488	485	4	earned	earn	VERB
edu-5488	485	5	time	time	NOUN
edu-5488	485	6	spent	spend	VERB
edu-5488	485	7	s1	s1	PROPN
edu-5488	485	8	3142	3142	NUM
edu-5488	485	9	xp	xp	PROPN
edu-5488	485	10	7	7	NUM
edu-5488	485	11	hr	hr	PROPN
edu-5488	485	12	55	55	NUM
edu-5488	485	13	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	14	s2	s2	PROPN
edu-5488	485	15	3257	3257	NUM
edu-5488	485	16	xp	xp	ADV
edu-5488	485	17	7	7	NUM
edu-5488	485	18	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	19	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	485	20	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	21	s3	s3	PROPN
edu-5488	485	22	477	477	NUM
edu-5488	485	23	xp	xp	INTJ
edu-5488	485	24	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	485	25	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	26	15	15	NUM
edu-5488	485	27	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	28	s4	s4	PROPN
edu-5488	485	29	852	852	NUM
edu-5488	485	30	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	485	31	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	485	32	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	33	59	59	NUM
edu-5488	485	34	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	35	s5	s5	PROPN
edu-5488	485	36	462	462	NUM
edu-5488	485	37	xp	xp	INTJ
edu-5488	485	38	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	485	39	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	40	21	21	NUM
edu-5488	485	41	min	min	PROPN
edu-5488	485	42	s6	s6	PROPN
edu-5488	485	43	826	826	NUM
edu-5488	485	44	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	485	45	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	485	46	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	47	12	12	NUM
edu-5488	485	48	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	49	s7	s7	PROPN
edu-5488	485	50	16879	16879	NUM
edu-5488	485	51	xp	xp	PROPN
edu-5488	485	52	35	35	NUM
edu-5488	485	53	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	54	s8	s8	PROPN
edu-5488	485	55	6817	6817	NUM
edu-5488	485	56	xp	xp	ADV
edu-5488	485	57	17	17	NUM
edu-5488	485	58	hr	hr	PROPN
edu-5488	485	59	s9	s9	PROPN
edu-5488	485	60	5877	5877	NUM
edu-5488	485	61	xp	xp	ADV
edu-5488	485	62	15	15	NUM
edu-5488	485	63	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	64	s10	s10	PROPN
edu-5488	485	65	5415	5415	PROPN
edu-5488	485	66	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	485	67	12	12	NUM
edu-5488	485	68	hr	hr	PROPN
edu-5488	485	69	s11	s11	PROPN
edu-5488	485	70	3048	3048	NUM
edu-5488	485	71	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	485	72	9	9	NUM
edu-5488	485	73	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	74	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	485	75	min	min	PROPN
edu-5488	485	76	s12	s12	PROPN
edu-5488	485	77	4606	4606	NUM
edu-5488	485	78	xp	xp	INTJ
edu-5488	485	79	8	8	NUM
edu-5488	485	80	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	81	17	17	NUM
edu-5488	485	82	min	min	PROPN
edu-5488	485	83	s13	s13	PROPN
edu-5488	485	84	1439	1439	NUM
edu-5488	485	85	xp	xp	PROPN
edu-5488	485	86	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	485	87	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	88	43	43	NUM
edu-5488	485	89	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	90	s14	s14	NOUN
edu-5488	485	91	1798	1798	NUM
edu-5488	485	92	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	485	93	4hr	4hr	PROPN
edu-5488	485	94	30	30	NUM
edu-5488	485	95	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	96	s15	s15	PROPN
edu-5488	485	97	1657	1657	NUM
edu-5488	485	98	xp	xp	INTJ
edu-5488	485	99	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	485	100	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	101	46	46	NUM
edu-5488	485	102	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	103	s16	s16	PROPN
edu-5488	485	104	1114	1114	NUM
edu-5488	485	105	xp	xp	PROPN
edu-5488	485	106	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	485	107	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	108	43	43	NUM
edu-5488	485	109	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	110	s17	s17	PROPN
edu-5488	485	111	906	906	NUM
edu-5488	485	112	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	485	113	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	485	114	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	115	31	31	NUM
edu-5488	485	116	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	117	s18	s18	PROPN
edu-5488	485	118	1367	1367	NUM
edu-5488	485	119	xp	xp	PROPN
edu-5488	485	120	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	485	121	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	122	0	0	NUM
edu-5488	485	123	min	min	PROPN
edu-5488	485	124	s19	s19	PROPN
edu-5488	485	125	820	820	NUM
edu-5488	485	126	xp	xp	PROPN
edu-5488	485	127	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	485	128	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	129	43	43	NUM
edu-5488	485	130	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	131	s20	s20	PROPN
edu-5488	485	132	507	507	NUM
edu-5488	485	133	xp	xp	NUM
edu-5488	485	134	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	485	135	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	136	19	19	NUM
edu-5488	485	137	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	485	138	s21	s21	NOUN
edu-5488	485	139	530	530	NUM
edu-5488	485	140	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	485	141	60	60	NUM
edu-5488	485	142	min	min	PROPN
edu-5488	485	143	s22	s22	PROPN
edu-5488	485	144	4400	4400	NUM
edu-5488	485	145	xp	xp	INTJ
edu-5488	485	146	8	8	NUM
edu-5488	485	147	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	148	0	0	NUM
edu-5488	485	149	min	min	PROPN
edu-5488	485	150	s23	s23	PROPN
edu-5488	485	151	588	588	NUM
edu-5488	485	152	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	485	153	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	485	154	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	485	155	10	10	NUM
edu-5488	486	1	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	486	2	s24	s24	PROPN
edu-5488	486	3	461	461	NUM
edu-5488	486	4	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	486	5	58	58	NUM
edu-5488	486	6	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	486	7	s25	s25	PROPN
edu-5488	486	8	1890	1890	NUM
edu-5488	486	9	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	486	10	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	486	11	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	486	12	34	34	NUM
edu-5488	486	13	min	min	PROPN
edu-5488	486	14	s26	s26	PROPN
edu-5488	486	15	1130	1130	NUM
edu-5488	486	16	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	486	17	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	486	18	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	486	19	25	25	NUM
edu-5488	486	20	min	min	PROPN
edu-5488	486	21	s27	s27	PROPN
edu-5488	486	22	2897	2897	NUM
edu-5488	486	23	xp	xp	PROPN
edu-5488	486	24	6	6	NUM
edu-5488	486	25	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	486	26	23	23	NUM
edu-5488	486	27	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	486	28	s28	s28	PROPN
edu-5488	486	29	3721	3721	NUM
edu-5488	486	30	xp	xp	PROPN
edu-5488	486	31	5	5	NUM
edu-5488	486	32	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	486	33	48	48	NUM
edu-5488	486	34	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	486	35	s29	s29	PROPN
edu-5488	486	36	2156	2156	NUM
edu-5488	486	37	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	486	38	4hr	4hr	PROPN
edu-5488	486	39	55	55	NUM
edu-5488	486	40	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	486	41	s30	s30	PROPN
edu-5488	486	42	1543	1543	NUM
edu-5488	486	43	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	486	44	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	486	45	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	486	46	12	12	NUM
edu-5488	486	47	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	486	48	s31	s31	NOUN
edu-5488	486	49	675	675	NUM
edu-5488	486	50	xp	xp	NOUN
edu-5488	486	51	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	486	52	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	486	53	6	6	NUM
edu-5488	486	54	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	486	55	s32	s32	PROPN
edu-5488	486	56	937	937	NUM
edu-5488	486	57	xp	xp	INTJ
edu-5488	486	58	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	486	59	hr	hr	NOUN
edu-5488	486	60	55	55	NUM
edu-5488	486	61	min	min	NOUN
edu-5488	486	62	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	486	63	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	486	64	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	487	1	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	487	2	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
edu-5488	487	3	exam	exam	NOUN
edu-5488	487	4	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	487	5	application	application	NOUN
edu-5488	487	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	488	1	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	488	2	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	488	3	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	488	4	education	education	NOUN
edu-5488	488	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	488	6	training	training	NOUN
edu-5488	488	7	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	488	8	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	488	9	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	488	10	10(1	10(1	NUM
edu-5488	488	11	):	):	PUNCT
edu-5488	488	12	62	62	NUM
edu-5488	488	13	-	-	SYM
edu-5488	488	14	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	488	15	75	75	NUM
edu-5488	488	16	©	©	ADP
edu-5488	488	17	2024	2024	NUM
edu-5488	488	18	by	by	ADP
edu-5488	488	19	the	the	DET
edu-5488	488	20	authors	author	NOUN
edu-5488	488	21	;	;	PUNCT
edu-5488	488	22	licensee	licensee	PROPN
edu-5488	488	23	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	488	24	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	488	25	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	488	26	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	488	27	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	488	28	appendix	appendix	VERB
edu-5488	488	29	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	488	30	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	488	31	speaking	speak	VERB
edu-5488	488	32	evaluation	evaluation	NOUN
edu-5488	488	33	chart	chart	NOUN
edu-5488	488	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	489	1	a2	a2	NOUN
edu-5488	489	2	grammar	grammar	NOUN
edu-5488	489	3	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	489	4	vocabulary	vocabulary	ADJ
edu-5488	489	5	pronunciation	pronunciation	NOUN
edu-5488	489	6	interactive	interactive	ADJ
edu-5488	489	7	communication	communication	NOUN
edu-5488	489	8	5	5	NUM
edu-5488	489	9	shows	show	VERB
edu-5488	489	10	a	a	DET
edu-5488	489	11	good	good	ADJ
edu-5488	489	12	degree	degree	NOUN
edu-5488	489	13	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	489	14	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	489	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	489	16	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	489	17	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
edu-5488	489	18	forms	form	NOUN
edu-5488	489	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	490	1	uses	use	VERB
edu-5488	490	2	a	a	DET
edu-5488	490	3	range	range	NOUN
edu-5488	490	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	490	5	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
edu-5488	490	6	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
edu-5488	490	7	when	when	SCONJ
edu-5488	490	8	talking	talk	VERB
edu-5488	490	9	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	490	10	everyday	everyday	ADJ
edu-5488	490	11	situations	situation	NOUN
edu-5488	490	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	491	1	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	491	2	mostly	mostly	ADV
edu-5488	491	3	intelligible	intelligible	ADJ
edu-5488	491	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	491	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	491	6	has	have	VERB
edu-5488	491	7	some	some	DET
edu-5488	491	8	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	491	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	491	10	phonological	phonological	ADJ
edu-5488	491	11	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	491	12	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	491	13	both	both	PRON
edu-5488	491	14	utterance	utterance	ADJ
edu-5488	491	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	491	16	word	word	NOUN
edu-5488	491	17	levels	level	NOUN
edu-5488	491	18	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	492	1	maintains	maintain	VERB
edu-5488	492	2	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	492	3	exchanges	exchange	NOUN
edu-5488	492	4	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	493	1	requires	require	VERB
edu-5488	493	2	very	very	ADV
edu-5488	493	3	little	little	ADJ
edu-5488	493	4	prompting	prompting	ADJ
edu-5488	493	5	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	493	6	support	support	NOUN
edu-5488	493	7	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	494	1	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	494	2	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	494	3	shares	share	NOUN
edu-5488	494	4	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	494	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	494	6	bands	band	NOUN
edu-5488	494	7	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	494	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	494	9	5	5	NUM
edu-5488	494	10	.	.	SYM
edu-5488	494	11	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	494	12	shows	show	VERB
edu-5488	494	13	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ
edu-5488	494	14	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	494	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	494	16	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	494	17	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
edu-5488	494	18	forms	form	NOUN
edu-5488	494	19	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	495	1	uses	use	VERB
edu-5488	495	2	appropriate	appropriate	ADJ
edu-5488	495	3	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
edu-5488	495	4	to	to	PART
edu-5488	495	5	talk	talk	VERB
edu-5488	495	6	about	about	ADP
edu-5488	495	7	everyday	everyday	ADJ
edu-5488	495	8	situations	situation	NOUN
edu-5488	495	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	496	1	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	496	2	mostly	mostly	ADV
edu-5488	496	3	intelligible	intelligible	ADJ
edu-5488	496	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	496	5	despite	despite	SCONJ
edu-5488	496	6	limited	limited	ADJ
edu-5488	496	7	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	496	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	496	9	phonological	phonological	ADJ
edu-5488	496	10	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	496	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	497	1	maintains	maintain	VERB
edu-5488	497	2	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	497	3	exchanges	exchange	NOUN
edu-5488	497	4	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	497	5	despite	despite	SCONJ
edu-5488	497	6	some	some	DET
edu-5488	497	7	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
edu-5488	497	8	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	498	1	requires	require	VERB
edu-5488	498	2	prompting	prompt	VERB
edu-5488	498	3	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	498	4	support	support	NOUN
edu-5488	498	5	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	499	1	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	499	2	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	499	3	shares	share	NOUN
edu-5488	499	4	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	499	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	499	6	bands	band	NOUN
edu-5488	499	7	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	499	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	499	9	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	499	10	.	.	NOUN
edu-5488	499	11	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	499	12	shows	show	VERB
edu-5488	499	13	only	only	ADV
edu-5488	499	14	limited	limited	ADJ
edu-5488	499	15	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	499	16	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	499	17	a	a	DET
edu-5488	499	18	few	few	ADJ
edu-5488	499	19	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
edu-5488	499	20	forms	form	NOUN
edu-5488	499	21	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	500	1	uses	use	VERB
edu-5488	500	2	a	a	DET
edu-5488	500	3	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
edu-5488	500	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	500	5	isolated	isolated	ADJ
edu-5488	500	6	words	word	NOUN
edu-5488	500	7	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	500	8	phrases	phrase	NOUN
edu-5488	500	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	501	1	has	have	VERB
edu-5488	501	2	very	very	ADV
edu-5488	501	3	limited	limited	ADJ
edu-5488	501	4	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	501	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	501	6	phonological	phonological	ADJ
edu-5488	501	7	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	501	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	501	9	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	501	10	often	often	ADV
edu-5488	501	11	unintelligible	unintelligible	ADJ
edu-5488	501	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	502	1	has	have	VERB
edu-5488	502	2	considerable	considerable	ADJ
edu-5488	502	3	difficulty	difficulty	NOUN
edu-5488	502	4	maintaining	maintain	VERB
edu-5488	502	5	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	502	6	exchanges	exchange	NOUN
edu-5488	502	7	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	503	1	requires	require	VERB
edu-5488	503	2	additional	additional	ADJ
edu-5488	503	3	prompting	prompting	NOUN
edu-5488	503	4	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	503	5	support	support	NOUN
edu-5488	503	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	504	1	0	0	NUM
edu-5488	504	2	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	504	3	below	below	ADP
edu-5488	504	4	band	band	NOUN
edu-5488	504	5	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	504	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	505	1	appendix	appendix	NOUN
edu-5488	505	2	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	505	3	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	506	1	continue	continue	VERB
edu-5488	506	2	…	…	PUNCT
edu-5488	506	3	band	band	NOUN
edu-5488	506	4	content	content	NOUN
edu-5488	506	5	organization	organization	NOUN
edu-5488	506	6	language	language	NOUN
edu-5488	506	7	5	5	NUM
edu-5488	506	8	all	all	DET
edu-5488	506	9	content	content	NOUN
edu-5488	506	10	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	506	11	relevant	relevant	ADJ
edu-5488	506	12	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	506	13	the	the	DET
edu-5488	506	14	task	task	NOUN
edu-5488	506	15	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	507	1	target	target	NOUN
edu-5488	507	2	reader	reader	NOUN
edu-5488	507	3	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	507	4	fully	fully	ADV
edu-5488	507	5	informed	inform	VERB
edu-5488	507	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	508	1	text	text	NOUN
edu-5488	508	2	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	508	3	connected	connect	VERB
edu-5488	508	4	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	508	5	coherent	coherent	ADJ
edu-5488	508	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	508	7	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	508	8	basic	basic	ADJ
edu-5488	508	9	linking	linking	NOUN
edu-5488	508	10	words	word	NOUN
edu-5488	508	11	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	508	12	a	a	DET
edu-5488	508	13	limited	limited	ADJ
edu-5488	508	14	number	number	NOUN
edu-5488	508	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	508	16	cohesive	cohesive	ADJ
edu-5488	508	17	devices	device	NOUN
edu-5488	508	18	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	509	1	uses	use	VERB
edu-5488	509	2	everyday	everyday	ADJ
edu-5488	509	3	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
edu-5488	509	4	generally	generally	ADV
edu-5488	509	5	appropriately	appropriately	ADV
edu-5488	509	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	509	7	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	509	8	occasionally	occasionally	ADV
edu-5488	509	9	overusing	overuse	VERB
edu-5488	509	10	certain	certain	ADJ
edu-5488	509	11	lexis	lexis	NOUN
edu-5488	509	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	510	1	uses	use	VERB
edu-5488	510	2	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	510	3	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
edu-5488	510	4	forms	form	NOUN
edu-5488	510	5	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	510	6	a	a	DET
edu-5488	510	7	good	good	ADJ
edu-5488	510	8	degree	degree	NOUN
edu-5488	510	9	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	510	10	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	510	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	511	1	while	while	SCONJ
edu-5488	511	2	errors	error	NOUN
edu-5488	511	3	are	be	AUX
edu-5488	511	4	noticeable	noticeable	ADJ
edu-5488	511	5	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	511	6	meaning	mean	VERB
edu-5488	511	7	can	can	AUX
edu-5488	511	8	still	still	ADV
edu-5488	511	9	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	511	10	determined	determine	VERB
edu-5488	511	11	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	512	1	4	4	NUM
edu-5488	512	2	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	512	3	shares	share	NOUN
edu-5488	512	4	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	512	5	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	512	6	bands	band	NOUN
edu-5488	512	7	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	512	8	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	512	9	5	5	NUM
edu-5488	512	10	.	.	NOUN
edu-5488	512	11	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	512	12	irrelevances	irrelevance	NOUN
edu-5488	512	13	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	512	14	misinterpretation	misinterpretation	NOUN
edu-5488	512	15	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	512	16	task	task	NOUN
edu-5488	512	17	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	512	18	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	512	19	present	present	ADJ
edu-5488	512	20	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	513	1	target	target	NOUN
edu-5488	513	2	reader	reader	NOUN
edu-5488	513	3	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	513	4	minimally	minimally	ADV
edu-5488	513	5	informed	inform	VERB
edu-5488	513	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	514	1	text	text	NOUN
edu-5488	514	2	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	514	3	connected	connect	VERB
edu-5488	514	4	using	use	VERB
edu-5488	514	5	basic	basic	ADJ
edu-5488	514	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	514	7	high	high	ADJ
edu-5488	514	8	-	-	PUNCT
edu-5488	514	9	frequency	frequency	NOUN
edu-5488	514	10	linking	linking	NOUN
edu-5488	514	11	words	word	NOUN
edu-5488	514	12	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	515	1	uses	use	VERB
edu-5488	515	2	basic	basic	ADJ
edu-5488	515	3	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
edu-5488	515	4	reasonably	reasonably	ADV
edu-5488	515	5	appropriately	appropriately	ADV
edu-5488	515	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	516	1	uses	use	VERB
edu-5488	516	2	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	516	3	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
edu-5488	516	4	forms	form	NOUN
edu-5488	516	5	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	516	6	some	some	DET
edu-5488	516	7	degree	degree	NOUN
edu-5488	516	8	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	516	9	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	516	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	517	1	errors	error	NOUN
edu-5488	517	2	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	517	3	impede	impede	VERB
edu-5488	517	4	meaning	meaning	NOUN
edu-5488	517	5	at	at	ADP
edu-5488	517	6	times	time	NOUN
edu-5488	517	7	2	2	NUM
edu-5488	517	8	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	517	9	shares	share	NOUN
edu-5488	517	10	features	feature	NOUN
edu-5488	517	11	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	517	12	bands	band	NOUN
edu-5488	517	13	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	517	14	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	517	15	3	3	NUM
edu-5488	517	16	.	.	NOUN
edu-5488	517	17	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	517	18	content	content	NOUN
edu-5488	517	19	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	517	20	totally	totally	ADV
edu-5488	517	21	irrelevant	irrelevant	ADJ
edu-5488	517	22	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	518	1	target	target	NOUN
edu-5488	518	2	reader	reader	NOUN
edu-5488	518	3	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	518	4	not	not	PART
edu-5488	518	5	informed	inform	VERB
edu-5488	518	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	519	1	production	production	NOUN
edu-5488	519	2	unlikely	unlikely	ADJ
edu-5488	519	3	to	to	PART
edu-5488	519	4	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	519	5	connected	connect	VERB
edu-5488	519	6	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	519	7	though	though	SCONJ
edu-5488	519	8	punctuation	punctuation	NOUN
edu-5488	519	9	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	519	10	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	519	11	connectors	connector	NOUN
edu-5488	519	12	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	519	13	i.e.	i.e.	X
edu-5488	519	14	'	'	PUNCT
edu-5488	519	15	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	519	16	'	'	PUNCT
edu-5488	519	17	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	519	18	may	may	AUX
edu-5488	519	19	on	on	ADP
edu-5488	519	20	occasion	occasion	NOUN
edu-5488	519	21	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	519	22	used	use	VERB
edu-5488	519	23	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	520	1	produces	produce	VERB
edu-5488	520	2	basic	basic	ADJ
edu-5488	520	3	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN
edu-5488	520	4	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	520	5	isolated	isolated	ADJ
edu-5488	520	6	words	word	NOUN
edu-5488	520	7	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	520	8	phrases	phrase	NOUN
edu-5488	520	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	521	1	produces	produce	VERB
edu-5488	521	2	few	few	ADJ
edu-5488	521	3	simple	simple	ADJ
edu-5488	521	4	grammatical	grammatical	ADJ
edu-5488	521	5	forms	form	NOUN
edu-5488	521	6	with	with	ADP
edu-5488	521	7	only	only	ADJ
edu-5488	521	8	limited	limited	ADJ
edu-5488	521	9	control	control	NOUN
edu-5488	521	10	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	522	1	0	0	NUM
edu-5488	522	2	performance	performance	NOUN
edu-5488	522	3	below	below	ADP
edu-5488	522	4	band	band	NOUN
edu-5488	522	5	1	1	NUM
edu-5488	522	6	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	523	1	source	source	NOUN
edu-5488	523	2	:	:	PUNCT
edu-5488	523	3	taylor	taylor	PROPN
edu-5488	523	4	and	and	CCONJ
edu-5488	523	5	jones	jones	PROPN
edu-5488	523	6	(	(	PUNCT
edu-5488	523	7	2006	2006	NUM
edu-5488	523	8	)	)	PUNCT
edu-5488	523	9	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	524	1	asian	asian	ADJ
edu-5488	524	2	online	online	PROPN
edu-5488	524	3	journal	journal	PROPN
edu-5488	524	4	publishing	publishing	NOUN
edu-5488	524	5	group	group	NOUN
edu-5488	524	6	is	be	AUX
edu-5488	524	7	not	not	PART
edu-5488	524	8	responsible	responsible	ADJ
edu-5488	524	9	or	or	CCONJ
edu-5488	524	10	answerable	answerable	ADJ
edu-5488	524	11	for	for	ADP
edu-5488	524	12	any	any	DET
edu-5488	524	13	loss	loss	NOUN
edu-5488	524	14	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	524	15	damage	damage	NOUN
edu-5488	524	16	or	or	CCONJ
edu-5488	524	17	liability	liability	NOUN
edu-5488	524	18	,	,	PUNCT
edu-5488	524	19	etc	etc	X
edu-5488	524	20	.	.	X
edu-5488	524	21	caused	cause	VERB
edu-5488	524	22	in	in	ADP
edu-5488	524	23	relation	relation	NOUN
edu-5488	524	24	to	to	PART
edu-5488	524	25	/	/	PUNCT
edu-5488	524	26	arising	arise	VERB
edu-5488	524	27	out	out	ADP
edu-5488	524	28	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	524	29	the	the	DET
edu-5488	524	30	use	use	NOUN
edu-5488	524	31	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	524	32	the	the	DET
edu-5488	524	33	content	content	NOUN
edu-5488	524	34	.	.	PUNCT
edu-5488	525	1	any	any	DET
edu-5488	525	2	queries	query	NOUN
edu-5488	525	3	should	should	AUX
edu-5488	525	4	be	be	AUX
edu-5488	525	5	directed	direct	VERB
edu-5488	525	6	to	to	ADP
edu-5488	525	7	the	the	DET
edu-5488	525	8	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
edu-5488	525	9	author	author	NOUN
edu-5488	525	10	of	of	ADP
edu-5488	525	11	the	the	DET
edu-5488	525	12	article	article	NOUN
edu-5488	525	13	.	.	PUNCT