id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ajfa-12768	1	1	microsoft	microsoft	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	2	word	word	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	3	12768	12768	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	4	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	1	5	46665	46665	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	7	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	9	sm	sm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	11	writer2	writer2	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	12	-	-	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	13	new	new	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	14	asian	asian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	15	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	16	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	17	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	18	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	1	19	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	20	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	21	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	22	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	23	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	24	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	26	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	27	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	28	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	30	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	1	31	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	32	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	33	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	34	131	131	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	35	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	36	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	37	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	38	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	39	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	40	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	1	41	garbling	garbling	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	42	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	43	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	1	44	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	45	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	46	literature	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	47	nor	nor	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	1	48	afifah	afifah	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	49	shabani	shabani	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	50	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	51	corresponding	corresponding	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	52	author	author	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	53	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	54	department	department	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	55	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	56	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	57	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	1	58	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	59	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	60	faculty	faculty	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	61	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	62	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	63	universiti	universiti	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	64	teknologi	teknologi	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	65	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	66	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	67	81110	81110	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	68	johor	johor	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	69	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	70	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	71	e	e	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	72	-	-	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	73	mail	mail	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	74	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	75	norafifah85@gmail.com	norafifah85@gmail.com	X
ajfa-12768	1	76	saudah	saudah	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	77	sofian	sofian	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	78	department	department	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	79	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	80	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	81	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	1	82	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	83	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	84	faculty	faculty	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	85	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	86	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	87	universiti	universiti	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	88	teknologi	teknologi	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	89	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	90	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	91	81110	81110	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	92	johor	johor	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	93	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	94	malaysia	malaysia	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	95	e	e	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	96	-	-	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	97	mail	mail	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	98	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	99	saudah@utm.my	saudah@utm.my	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	100	received	receive	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	101	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	102	march	march	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	103	6	6	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	104	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	105	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	106	accepted	accept	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	107	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	108	march	march	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	109	27	27	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	110	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	111	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	112	published	publish	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	113	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	114	june	june	PROPN
ajfa-12768	1	115	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	116	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	117	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	1	118	doi:10.5296	doi:10.5296	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	119	/	/	SYM
ajfa-12768	1	120	ajfa.v10i1.12768	ajfa.v10i1.12768	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	121	url	url	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	122	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	123	https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v10i1.12768	https://doi.org/10.5296/ajfa.v10i1.12768	X
ajfa-12768	1	124	abstract	abstract	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	125	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	126	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	127	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	128	which	which	PRON
ajfa-12768	1	129	refers	refer	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	130	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	131	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	1	132	action	action	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	133	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	134	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	135	managing	manage	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	136	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	137	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	1	138	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	139	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	140	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	141	reported	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	142	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	143	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	144	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	1	145	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	1	146	special	special	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	147	type	type	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	148	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	149	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	150	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	151	because	because	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	1	152	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	1	153	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	154	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	155	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	1	156	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	1	157	used	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	158	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	1	159	distort	distort	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	160	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	161	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	1	162	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	163	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	164	view	view	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	165	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	166	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	167	actual	actual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	168	performance	performance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	169	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	1	170	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	1	171	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	1	172	also	also	ADV
ajfa-12768	1	173	serve	serve	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	174	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	175	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	1	176	tool	tool	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	177	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	1	178	communicate	communicate	VERB
ajfa-12768	1	179	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	180	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	181	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	182	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	183	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	184	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	185	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	1	186	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	1	187	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ
ajfa-12768	1	188	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	1	189	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	2	1	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	2	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	2	3	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	2	4	comes	come	VERB
ajfa-12768	2	5	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	2	6	no	no	DET
ajfa-12768	2	7	surprise	surprise	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	8	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	2	9	prior	prior	ADJ
ajfa-12768	2	10	literatures	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	11	reveal	reveal	VERB
ajfa-12768	2	12	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	2	13	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	2	14	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	15	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	2	16	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	2	17	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	18	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	2	19	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	20	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	21	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	2	22	divided	divide	VERB
ajfa-12768	2	23	into	into	ADP
ajfa-12768	2	24	two	two	NUM
ajfa-12768	2	25	streams	stream	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	26	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	2	27	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	2	28	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	29	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	2	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	2	31	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	2	32	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	2	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	3	1	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	3	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	3	aims	aim	VERB
ajfa-12768	3	4	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	3	5	review	review	VERB
ajfa-12768	3	6	prior	prior	ADJ
ajfa-12768	3	7	literatures	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	3	9	specifically	specifically	ADV
ajfa-12768	3	10	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	3	11	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	3	12	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	13	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	3	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	15	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	3	16	either	either	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	3	17	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	3	18	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	19	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	3	20	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	3	21	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	3	22	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	3	23	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	3	24	four	four	NUM
ajfa-12768	3	25	themes	theme	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	26	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	3	27	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	3	28	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	3	30	financing	financing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	31	need	need	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	3	33	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	34	contract	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	35	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	3	36	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	37	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	3	38	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajfa-12768	3	39	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	4	1	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	4	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	4	3	reviews	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	4	4	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	4	5	articles	article	NOUN
ajfa-12768	4	6	gathered	gather	VERB
ajfa-12768	4	7	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	4	8	web	web	NOUN
ajfa-12768	4	9	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	4	10	science	science	NOUN
ajfa-12768	4	11	database	database	NOUN
ajfa-12768	4	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	5	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	5	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	5	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	5	4	shortcomings	shortcoming	NOUN
ajfa-12768	5	5	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	5	6	prior	prior	ADJ
ajfa-12768	5	7	literatures	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	5	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	5	9	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	5	10	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	5	11	highlights	highlight	VERB
ajfa-12768	5	12	avenue	avenue	PROPN
ajfa-12768	5	13	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	5	14	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	5	15	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	5	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	1	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	2	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	3	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	4	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	6	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	7	garbling	garbling	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	9	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	10	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	12	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	13	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	15	financing	financing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	16	need	need	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	18	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	19	contract	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	21	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	22	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	23	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	24	asian	asian	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	25	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	26	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	27	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	28	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	6	29	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	30	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	31	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	6	32	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	33	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	34	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	6	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	36	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	37	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	38	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	6	39	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	40	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	6	41	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	42	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	6	43	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	44	132	132	NUM
ajfa-12768	6	45	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	6	46	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	47	introduction	introduction	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	48	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	49	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	50	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	51	which	which	PRON
ajfa-12768	6	52	refers	refer	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	53	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	54	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	6	55	action	action	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	56	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	57	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	58	managing	manage	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	59	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	60	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	6	61	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	62	fluctuations	fluctuation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	63	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	64	reported	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	65	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	66	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	67	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	6	68	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	6	69	special	special	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	70	type	type	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	71	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	72	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	73	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	74	because	because	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	6	75	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	6	76	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	77	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	78	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	6	79	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	6	80	used	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	81	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	6	82	distort	distort	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	83	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	84	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	6	85	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	86	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	87	view	view	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	88	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	89	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	90	actual	actual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	91	performance	performance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	92	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	93	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	6	94	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	6	95	also	also	ADV
ajfa-12768	6	96	serve	serve	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	97	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	98	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	6	99	tool	tool	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	100	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	6	101	communicate	communicate	VERB
ajfa-12768	6	102	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	103	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	104	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	105	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	106	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	107	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	108	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	6	109	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	6	110	aforementioned	aforementioned	ADJ
ajfa-12768	6	111	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	6	112	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	113	dechow	dechow	X
ajfa-12768	6	114	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	115	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	116	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	117	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	118	2010	2010	NUM
ajfa-12768	6	119	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	120	goel	goel	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	121	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	6	122	thakor	thakor	PROPN
ajfa-12768	6	123	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	124	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	6	125	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	6	126	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	1	although	although	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	7	2	most	most	ADJ
ajfa-12768	7	3	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	4	generally	generally	ADV
ajfa-12768	7	5	use	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	7	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	8	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	7	9	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	7	10	proxy	proxy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	11	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	7	12	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	13	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	15	bhattacharya	bhattacharya	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	16	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	17	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	18	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	20	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	7	21	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	22	burgstahler	burgstahler	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	23	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	24	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	25	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	27	2006	2006	NUM
ajfa-12768	7	28	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	29	leuz	leuz	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	30	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	31	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	32	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	34	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	7	35	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	37	some	some	DET
ajfa-12768	7	38	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	39	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	7	40	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	7	41	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	42	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	7	43	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	7	44	fact	fact	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	45	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	7	46	associated	associate	VERB
ajfa-12768	7	47	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	7	48	improved	improved	ADJ
ajfa-12768	7	49	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	50	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	51	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	52	ewert	ewert	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	53	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	7	54	wagenhofer	wagenhofer	VERB
ajfa-12768	7	55	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	56	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	7	57	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	58	shubita	shubita	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	59	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	60	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	7	61	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	62	subramanyam	subramanyam	NOUN
ajfa-12768	7	63	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	64	1996	1996	NUM
ajfa-12768	7	65	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	66	tucker	tucker	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	67	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	7	68	zarowin	zarowin	PROPN
ajfa-12768	7	69	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	70	2006	2006	NUM
ajfa-12768	7	71	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	7	72	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	8	1	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	8	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	8	3	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	8	4	comes	come	VERB
ajfa-12768	8	5	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	8	6	no	no	DET
ajfa-12768	8	7	surprise	surprise	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	8	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	8	9	prior	prior	ADJ
ajfa-12768	8	10	literatures	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	11	reveal	reveal	VERB
ajfa-12768	8	12	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	8	13	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	8	14	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	15	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	8	16	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	8	17	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	18	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	8	19	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	20	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	21	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	8	22	divided	divide	VERB
ajfa-12768	8	23	into	into	ADP
ajfa-12768	8	24	two	two	NUM
ajfa-12768	8	25	streams	stream	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	26	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	8	27	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	8	28	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	29	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	8	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	8	31	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	8	32	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	8	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	9	2	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	9	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	5	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	6	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	9	7	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	8	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	9	9	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	9	10	usually	usually	ADV
ajfa-12768	9	11	associated	associate	VERB
ajfa-12768	9	12	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	9	13	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	14	’	’	PART
ajfa-12768	9	15	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	16	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	9	17	improve	improve	VERB
ajfa-12768	9	18	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	9	19	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	21	di	di	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	22	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	9	23	marciukaityte	marciukaityte	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	25	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	9	26	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	27	graham	graham	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	28	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	29	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	30	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	32	2005	2005	NUM
ajfa-12768	9	33	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	34	shuto	shuto	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	35	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	9	36	iwasaki	iwasaki	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	38	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	9	39	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	40	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	41	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	9	42	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	9	43	achieve	achieve	VERB
ajfa-12768	9	44	lower	low	ADJ
ajfa-12768	9	45	cost	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	46	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	9	47	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	48	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	9	49	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	50	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	51	dou	dou	X
ajfa-12768	9	52	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	53	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	54	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	55	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	56	2013	2013	NUM
ajfa-12768	9	57	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	58	gassen	gassen	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	59	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	9	60	fülbier	fülbier	NOUN
ajfa-12768	9	61	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	62	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	9	63	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	64	li	li	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	65	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	9	66	richie	richie	PROPN
ajfa-12768	9	67	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	68	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	9	69	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	9	70	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	10	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	10	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	10	4	view	view	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	5	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	10	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	8	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	10	9	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	10	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	10	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	12	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	13	who	who	PRON
ajfa-12768	10	14	have	have	VERB
ajfa-12768	10	15	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	10	16	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	17	about	about	ADP
ajfa-12768	10	18	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	19	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	10	20	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	10	21	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	10	23	yet	yet	ADV
ajfa-12768	10	24	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	10	25	not	not	PART
ajfa-12768	10	26	allowed	allow	VERB
ajfa-12768	10	27	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	10	28	directly	directly	ADV
ajfa-12768	10	29	disclose	disclose	VERB
ajfa-12768	10	30	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	10	31	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	32	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	10	33	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	34	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	35	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	37	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	38	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	10	39	other	other	ADJ
ajfa-12768	10	40	stakeholders	stakeholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	41	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	42	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	43	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	10	44	convey	convey	VERB
ajfa-12768	10	45	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	10	46	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	10	47	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	48	through	through	ADP
ajfa-12768	10	49	bias	bias	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	50	reported	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	10	51	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	52	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	53	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	10	54	maximize	maximize	VERB
ajfa-12768	10	55	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	56	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	10	57	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	58	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	59	sankar	sankar	NOUN
ajfa-12768	10	60	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	10	61	subramanyam	subramanyam	PROPN
ajfa-12768	10	62	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	63	2001	2001	NUM
ajfa-12768	10	64	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	10	65	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	11	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	11	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	11	4	using	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	11	5	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	6	’	’	PART
ajfa-12768	11	7	discretion	discretion	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	11	9	as	as	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	11	10	allowed	allow	VERB
ajfa-12768	11	11	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	11	12	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	11	13	generally	generally	ADV
ajfa-12768	11	14	accepted	accept	VERB
ajfa-12768	11	15	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	16	principle	principle	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	17	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	11	18	gaap	gaap	PROPN
ajfa-12768	11	19	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	11	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	11	21	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	22	would	would	AUX
ajfa-12768	11	23	choose	choose	VERB
ajfa-12768	11	24	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	11	25	present	present	VERB
ajfa-12768	11	26	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	11	27	smoother	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	11	28	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	29	stream	stream	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	30	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	11	31	signal	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	11	32	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	11	33	stability	stability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	34	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	11	35	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	11	36	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	37	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	11	38	underlying	underlie	VERB
ajfa-12768	11	39	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	40	process	process	NOUN
ajfa-12768	11	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	12	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	12	2	turn	turn	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	12	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	12	5	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	6	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	12	7	cost	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	8	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	12	9	borrowing	borrowing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	10	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	12	11	reduced	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	12	12	as	as	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	12	13	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	14	lower	lower	VERB
ajfa-12768	12	15	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	12	16	assessment	assessment	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	17	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	12	18	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	12	19	probability	probability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	20	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	12	21	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	22	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	12	23	bankruptcy	bankruptcy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	12	25	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	12	26	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	12	27	increases	increase	VERB
ajfa-12768	12	28	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	12	29	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	12	30	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	31	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	12	32	trueman	trueman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	33	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	12	34	titman	titman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	12	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	12	36	1988	1988	NUM
ajfa-12768	12	37	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	12	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	13	1	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	13	2	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	13	3	other	other	ADJ
ajfa-12768	13	4	hand	hand	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	13	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	8	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	13	9	viewed	view	VERB
ajfa-12768	13	10	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	13	11	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	12	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	13	13	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	13	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	15	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	16	distorts	distort	VERB
ajfa-12768	13	17	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	13	19	consequently	consequently	ADV
ajfa-12768	13	20	leads	lead	VERB
ajfa-12768	13	21	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	13	22	higher	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	13	23	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	24	opacity	opacity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	13	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	14	1	bhattacharya	bhattacharya	PROPN
ajfa-12768	14	2	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	14	3	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	14	4	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	15	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	15	2	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	15	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	15	4	argue	argue	VERB
ajfa-12768	15	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	15	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	8	resulted	result	VERB
ajfa-12768	15	9	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	15	10	reported	reported	ADJ
ajfa-12768	15	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	12	not	not	PART
ajfa-12768	15	13	depicting	depict	VERB
ajfa-12768	15	14	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	15	15	true	true	ADJ
ajfa-12768	15	16	underlying	underlying	ADJ
ajfa-12768	15	17	economic	economic	ADJ
ajfa-12768	15	18	performance	performance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	19	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	15	20	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	15	21	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	15	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	15	24	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	15	25	reducing	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	15	26	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	15	27	informativeness	informativeness	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	28	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	15	29	reported	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	15	30	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	31	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	15	32	increasing	increase	VERB
ajfa-12768	15	33	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	34	opacity	opacity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	15	35	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	2	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	3	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	16	4	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	5	garbling	garbling	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	6	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	16	7	usually	usually	ADV
ajfa-12768	16	8	associated	associate	VERB
ajfa-12768	16	9	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	16	10	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	11	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	12	concerned	concern	VERB
ajfa-12768	16	13	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	16	14	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	15	contract	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	17	das	das	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	18	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	19	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	20	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	22	2013	2013	NUM
ajfa-12768	16	23	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	24	defond	defond	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	25	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	16	26	park	park	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	28	1997	1997	NUM
ajfa-12768	16	29	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	30	grant	grant	VERB
ajfa-12768	16	31	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	32	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	33	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	34	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	35	2009	2009	NUM
ajfa-12768	16	36	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	37	as	as	ADV
ajfa-12768	16	38	well	well	ADV
ajfa-12768	16	39	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	16	40	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	16	41	avoid	avoid	VERB
ajfa-12768	16	42	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	43	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	44	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	45	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	16	46	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	16	47	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	48	acharya	acharya	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	49	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	16	50	lambrecht	lambrecht	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	51	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	52	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	16	53	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	54	khurana	khurana	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	55	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	56	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	57	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	16	58	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	59	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	16	60	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	16	61	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	1	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	17	2	boost	boost	VERB
ajfa-12768	17	3	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	17	4	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	17	5	bad	bad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	17	6	times	time	NOUN
ajfa-12768	17	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	8	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	17	9	lengthen	lengthen	VERB
ajfa-12768	17	10	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	17	11	job	job	NOUN
ajfa-12768	17	12	tenure	tenure	NOUN
ajfa-12768	17	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	14	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	17	15	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	17	16	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	17	17	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	17	18	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	17	19	good	good	ADJ
ajfa-12768	17	20	times	time	NOUN
ajfa-12768	17	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	22	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	17	23	save	save	VERB
ajfa-12768	17	24	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	17	25	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	17	26	bad	bad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	17	27	times	time	NOUN
ajfa-12768	17	28	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	29	fudenberg	fudenberg	PROPN
ajfa-12768	17	30	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	17	31	tirole	tirole	PROPN
ajfa-12768	17	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	33	1995	1995	NUM
ajfa-12768	17	34	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	35	lambert	lambert	PROPN
ajfa-12768	17	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	37	1984	1984	NUM
ajfa-12768	17	38	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	17	39	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	18	1	further	far	ADV
ajfa-12768	18	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	18	3	asymmetric	asymmetric	ADJ
ajfa-12768	18	4	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	18	5	theory	theory	NOUN
ajfa-12768	18	6	argues	argue	VERB
ajfa-12768	18	7	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	18	8	investor	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	18	9	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	18	10	estimate	estimate	NOUN
ajfa-12768	18	11	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	18	12	unbiased	unbiased	ADJ
ajfa-12768	18	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	18	14	‘	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	18	15	best	good	ADJ
ajfa-12768	18	16	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	18	17	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	18	18	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	18	19	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	18	20	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	18	21	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	18	22	have	have	VERB
ajfa-12768	18	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	19	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajfa-12768	19	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	19	3	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	19	4	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	19	5	considered	consider	VERB
ajfa-12768	19	6	rational	rational	ADJ
ajfa-12768	19	7	for	for	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	19	8	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	19	9	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	19	10	require	require	VERB
ajfa-12768	19	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	19	12	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ajfa-12768	19	13	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	19	14	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	19	15	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	19	16	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	19	17	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	19	18	expectation	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	19	19	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	19	20	acharya	acharya	PROPN
ajfa-12768	19	21	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	19	22	lambrecht	lambrecht	PROPN
ajfa-12768	19	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	19	24	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	19	25	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	19	26	kirschenheiter	kirschenheiter	NOUN
ajfa-12768	19	27	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	19	28	melumad	melumad	PROPN
ajfa-12768	19	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	19	30	2002	2002	NUM
ajfa-12768	19	31	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	19	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	20	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
ajfa-12768	20	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	20	3	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	4	have	have	VERB
ajfa-12768	20	5	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	20	6	report	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	20	7	an	an	DET
ajfa-12768	20	8	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	9	figure	figure	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	10	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	20	11	corresponds	correspond	VERB
ajfa-12768	20	12	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	20	13	outside	outside	ADJ
ajfa-12768	20	14	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	15	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	20	16	expectation	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	17	rather	rather	ADV
ajfa-12768	20	18	than	than	ADP
ajfa-12768	20	19	true	true	ADJ
ajfa-12768	20	20	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	20	22	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	20	23	avoid	avoid	VERB
ajfa-12768	20	24	asian	asian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	20	25	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	26	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	20	27	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	20	28	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	20	29	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	20	30	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	20	31	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	20	32	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	20	33	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	34	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	20	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	20	36	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	37	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	20	38	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	20	39	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	20	40	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	20	41	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	42	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	20	43	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	20	44	133	133	NUM
ajfa-12768	20	45	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	46	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	20	47	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajfa-12768	20	48	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	21	1	specifically	specifically	ADV
ajfa-12768	21	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	21	3	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	21	4	bad	bad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	21	5	times	time	NOUN
ajfa-12768	21	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	21	7	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	21	8	use	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	21	9	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	21	10	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	21	11	conceal	conceal	VERB
ajfa-12768	21	12	unfavourable	unfavourable	ADJ
ajfa-12768	21	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	21	14	realizations	realization	NOUN
ajfa-12768	21	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	21	16	create	create	VERB
ajfa-12768	21	17	reserves	reserve	NOUN
ajfa-12768	21	18	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	21	19	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	21	20	periods	period	NOUN
ajfa-12768	21	21	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	21	22	understating	understate	VERB
ajfa-12768	21	23	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	21	24	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	21	25	good	good	ADJ
ajfa-12768	21	26	times	time	NOUN
ajfa-12768	21	27	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	21	28	acharya	acharya	PROPN
ajfa-12768	21	29	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	21	30	lambrecht	lambrecht	PROPN
ajfa-12768	21	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	21	32	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	21	33	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	21	34	khurana	khurana	PROPN
ajfa-12768	21	35	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	21	36	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	21	37	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	21	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	21	39	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	21	40	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	21	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	22	1	generally	generally	ADV
ajfa-12768	22	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	22	3	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	22	4	give	give	VERB
ajfa-12768	22	5	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	22	6	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	22	7	benefit	benefit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	22	8	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	22	9	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	22	10	doubt	doubt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	22	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	22	12	perceive	perceive	ADJ
ajfa-12768	22	13	low	low	ADJ
ajfa-12768	22	14	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	22	15	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	22	16	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	22	17	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	22	18	relatively	relatively	ADV
ajfa-12768	22	19	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	22	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	23	1	however	however	ADV
ajfa-12768	23	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	23	3	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	23	4	additional	additional	ADJ
ajfa-12768	23	5	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	23	6	suggests	suggest	VERB
ajfa-12768	23	7	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	23	8	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	23	9	have	have	VERB
ajfa-12768	23	10	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ajfa-12768	23	11	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	23	12	garble	garble	ADJ
ajfa-12768	23	13	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	23	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	23	15	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	23	16	no	no	ADV
ajfa-12768	23	17	longer	long	ADV
ajfa-12768	23	18	give	give	VERB
ajfa-12768	23	19	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	23	20	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	23	21	benefit	benefit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	23	22	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	23	23	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	23	24	doubt	doubt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	23	25	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	23	26	erickson	erickson	PROPN
ajfa-12768	23	27	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	23	28	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	23	29	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	23	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	23	31	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	23	32	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	23	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	24	1	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	24	2	related	relate	VERB
ajfa-12768	24	3	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	24	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	24	5	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	24	6	have	have	AUX
ajfa-12768	24	7	been	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	24	8	around	around	ADV
ajfa-12768	24	9	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	24	10	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	24	11	than	than	ADP
ajfa-12768	24	12	six	six	NUM
ajfa-12768	24	13	decades	decade	NOUN
ajfa-12768	24	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	25	1	however	however	ADV
ajfa-12768	25	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	25	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	25	4	recent	recent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	25	5	decades	decade	NOUN
ajfa-12768	25	6	show	show	VERB
ajfa-12768	25	7	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	25	8	most	most	ADJ
ajfa-12768	25	9	development	development	NOUN
ajfa-12768	25	10	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	25	11	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	25	12	than	than	ADP
ajfa-12768	25	13	80	80	NUM
ajfa-12768	25	14	percent	percent	NOUN
ajfa-12768	25	15	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	25	16	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	25	17	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	25	18	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	25	19	field	field	NOUN
ajfa-12768	25	20	was	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	25	21	published	publish	VERB
ajfa-12768	25	22	after	after	ADP
ajfa-12768	25	23	year	year	NOUN
ajfa-12768	25	24	2000	2000	NUM
ajfa-12768	25	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	26	1	following	follow	VERB
ajfa-12768	26	2	hepworth	hepworth	PROPN
ajfa-12768	26	3	's	's	PART
ajfa-12768	26	4	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	26	5	1953	1953	NUM
ajfa-12768	26	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	26	7	note	note	VERB
ajfa-12768	26	8	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	26	9	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	10	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	26	11	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	26	12	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	13	signal	signal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	14	stable	stable	ADJ
ajfa-12768	26	15	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	26	16	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	17	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	26	18	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	26	19	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	26	21	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	26	23	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	26	24	study	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	25	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	26	26	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	26	27	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	28	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	26	29	has	have	AUX
ajfa-12768	26	30	evolved	evolve	VERB
ajfa-12768	26	31	ever	ever	ADV
ajfa-12768	26	32	since	since	ADV
ajfa-12768	26	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	1	until	until	ADP
ajfa-12768	27	2	recently	recently	ADV
ajfa-12768	27	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	4	scholars	scholar	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	5	have	have	AUX
ajfa-12768	27	6	been	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	27	7	trying	try	VERB
ajfa-12768	27	8	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	27	9	prove	prove	VERB
ajfa-12768	27	10	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	27	11	existence	existence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	12	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	27	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	14	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	15	activities	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	17	beidleman	beidleman	ADJ
ajfa-12768	27	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	19	1973	1973	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	20	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	21	boterenbrood	boterenbrood	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	23	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	24	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	25	khalil	khalil	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	26	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	27	simon	simon	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	29	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	30	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	32	figuring	figure	VERB
ajfa-12768	27	33	how	how	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	34	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	35	atik	atik	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	37	2009	2009	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	38	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	39	francis	francis	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	40	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	41	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	42	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	43	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	44	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	45	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	46	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	47	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	48	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	49	gassen	gassen	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	50	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	51	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	52	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	53	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	54	2006	2006	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	55	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	56	gill	gill	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	57	de	de	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	58	albornoz	albornoz	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	59	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	60	alcarria	alcarria	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	61	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	62	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	63	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	64	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	65	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	27	66	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	67	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	68	characterizing	characterize	VERB
ajfa-12768	27	69	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	70	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	71	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	72	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	73	bigus	bigus	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	74	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	75	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	76	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	77	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	78	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	79	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	80	bouwman	bouwman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	81	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	82	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	83	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	84	z.	z.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	85	huang	huang	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	86	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	87	xue	xue	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	88	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	89	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	90	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	91	safdar	safdar	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	92	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	93	yan	yan	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	94	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	95	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	96	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	97	silhan	silhan	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	98	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	99	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	100	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	101	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	102	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	103	most	most	ADV
ajfa-12768	27	104	importantly	importantly	ADV
ajfa-12768	27	105	understanding	understand	VERB
ajfa-12768	27	106	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	27	107	motivation	motivation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	108	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	109	goel	goel	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	110	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	111	thakor	thakor	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	112	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	113	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	114	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	115	lambert	lambert	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	116	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	117	1984	1984	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	118	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	119	trueman	trueman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	120	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	121	titman	titman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	122	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	123	1988	1988	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	124	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	125	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	126	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	127	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	128	houcine	houcine	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	129	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	130	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	131	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	132	shubita	shubita	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	133	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	134	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	135	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	136	tucker	tucker	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	137	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	27	138	zarowin	zarowin	PROPN
ajfa-12768	27	139	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	140	2006	2006	NUM
ajfa-12768	27	141	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	27	142	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	27	143	such	such	ADJ
ajfa-12768	27	144	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajfa-12768	27	145	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	28	1	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	28	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	28	3	aims	aim	VERB
ajfa-12768	28	4	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	28	5	review	review	VERB
ajfa-12768	28	6	prior	prior	ADJ
ajfa-12768	28	7	literatures	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	28	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	28	9	specifically	specifically	ADV
ajfa-12768	28	10	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	28	11	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	28	12	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	28	13	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	28	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	28	15	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	28	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	29	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	29	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	29	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	29	4	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ajfa-12768	29	5	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	29	6	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	29	7	past	past	ADJ
ajfa-12768	29	8	literature	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	29	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	29	10	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	29	11	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	29	12	also	also	ADV
ajfa-12768	29	13	makes	make	VERB
ajfa-12768	29	14	some	some	DET
ajfa-12768	29	15	suggestions	suggestion	NOUN
ajfa-12768	29	16	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	29	17	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	29	18	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	29	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	30	1	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	30	2	achieve	achieve	VERB
ajfa-12768	30	3	these	these	DET
ajfa-12768	30	4	objectives	objective	NOUN
ajfa-12768	30	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	30	6	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	30	7	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	30	8	reviews	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	30	9	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	30	10	articles	article	NOUN
ajfa-12768	30	11	published	publish	VERB
ajfa-12768	30	12	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	30	13	web	web	NOUN
ajfa-12768	30	14	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	30	15	science	science	NOUN
ajfa-12768	30	16	database	database	NOUN
ajfa-12768	30	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	31	1	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	31	2	broad	broad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	31	3	search	search	NOUN
ajfa-12768	31	4	was	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	31	5	initiated	initiate	VERB
ajfa-12768	31	6	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	31	7	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	31	8	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	31	9	keywords	keyword	NOUN
ajfa-12768	31	10	used	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	31	11	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	31	12	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	31	13	title	title	NOUN
ajfa-12768	31	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	32	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	32	2	literature	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	32	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	32	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	32	5	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	32	6	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	32	7	divided	divide	VERB
ajfa-12768	32	8	into	into	ADP
ajfa-12768	32	9	2	2	NUM
ajfa-12768	32	10	categories	category	NOUN
ajfa-12768	32	11	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	32	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	32	13	1	1	X
ajfa-12768	32	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	32	15	banks	bank	NOUN
ajfa-12768	32	16	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	32	17	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	32	18	2	2	X
ajfa-12768	32	19	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	32	20	other	other	ADJ
ajfa-12768	32	21	business	business	NOUN
ajfa-12768	32	22	sectors	sector	NOUN
ajfa-12768	32	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	33	1	since	since	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	33	2	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	33	3	regulations	regulation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	4	between	between	ADP
ajfa-12768	33	5	banks	bank	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	33	7	other	other	ADJ
ajfa-12768	33	8	sectors	sector	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	9	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	33	10	governed	govern	VERB
ajfa-12768	33	11	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	33	12	different	different	ADJ
ajfa-12768	33	13	policies	policy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	33	15	banks	bank	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	16	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	33	17	governed	govern	VERB
ajfa-12768	33	18	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	33	19	bafia	bafia	PROPN
ajfa-12768	33	20	act	act	PROPN
ajfa-12768	33	21	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	33	22	other	other	ADJ
ajfa-12768	33	23	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	24	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	33	25	governed	govern	VERB
ajfa-12768	33	26	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	33	27	companies	company	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	28	act	act	PROPN
ajfa-12768	33	29	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	33	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	33	31	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	33	32	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	33	33	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	34	practices	practice	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	35	between	between	ADP
ajfa-12768	33	36	these	these	DET
ajfa-12768	33	37	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	33	38	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	33	39	significantly	significantly	ADV
ajfa-12768	33	40	different	different	ADJ
ajfa-12768	33	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	34	1	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	34	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	34	3	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	34	4	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	34	5	chooses	choose	VERB
ajfa-12768	34	6	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	34	7	focus	focus	VERB
ajfa-12768	34	8	only	only	ADV
ajfa-12768	34	9	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	34	10	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	34	11	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajfa-12768	34	12	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	34	13	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	34	14	latter	latter	ADJ
ajfa-12768	34	15	category	category	NOUN
ajfa-12768	34	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	35	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	35	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	35	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	35	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	35	5	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	35	6	also	also	ADV
ajfa-12768	35	7	does	do	AUX
ajfa-12768	35	8	not	not	PART
ajfa-12768	35	9	review	review	VERB
ajfa-12768	35	10	papers	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	35	11	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	35	12	dividend	dividend	NOUN
ajfa-12768	35	13	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	35	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	36	1	2	2	X
ajfa-12768	36	2	.	.	X
ajfa-12768	36	3	accruals	accrual	NOUN
ajfa-12768	36	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	36	5	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	36	6	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	36	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	36	8	can	can	AUX
ajfa-12768	36	9	occur	occur	VERB
ajfa-12768	36	10	through	through	ADP
ajfa-12768	36	11	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	36	12	accrual	accrual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	36	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	36	14	also	also	ADV
ajfa-12768	36	15	known	know	VERB
ajfa-12768	36	16	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	36	17	artificial	artificial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	36	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	36	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	36	20	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	36	21	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	36	22	activities	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	36	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	37	1	accrual	accrual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	37	2	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	37	4	which	which	PRON
ajfa-12768	37	5	refers	refer	VERB
ajfa-12768	37	6	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	37	7	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	37	8	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	9	choices	choice	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	10	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	37	11	usually	usually	ADV
ajfa-12768	37	12	occur	occur	VERB
ajfa-12768	37	13	at	at	ADP
ajfa-12768	37	14	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	37	15	end	end	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	16	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	37	17	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	37	18	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
ajfa-12768	37	19	year	year	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	37	21	change	change	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	22	reported	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	37	23	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	24	without	without	ADP
ajfa-12768	37	25	changing	change	VERB
ajfa-12768	37	26	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	37	27	underlying	underlie	VERB
ajfa-12768	37	28	cash	cash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	29	flows	flow	NOUN
ajfa-12768	37	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	38	1	examples	example	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	38	3	accrual	accrual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	38	4	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	5	include	include	VERB
ajfa-12768	38	6	adjusting	adjust	VERB
ajfa-12768	38	7	reserves	reserve	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	8	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	38	9	losses	loss	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	38	11	delaying	delay	VERB
ajfa-12768	38	12	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	38	13	forwarding	forward	VERB
ajfa-12768	38	14	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	38	15	recognition	recognition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	16	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	38	17	revenue	revenue	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	18	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	38	19	expenses	expense	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	38	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	38	22	reclassifying	reclassify	VERB
ajfa-12768	38	23	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	38	24	expense	expense	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	25	items	item	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	26	into	into	ADP
ajfa-12768	38	27	capital	capital	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	28	accounts	account	NOUN
ajfa-12768	38	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	39	1	meanwhile	meanwhile	ADV
ajfa-12768	39	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	39	3	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	39	4	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	39	5	activities	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	39	6	usually	usually	ADV
ajfa-12768	39	7	occur	occur	VERB
ajfa-12768	39	8	throughout	throughout	ADP
ajfa-12768	39	9	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	39	10	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ
ajfa-12768	39	11	year	year	NOUN
ajfa-12768	39	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	39	13	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	39	14	which	which	PRON
ajfa-12768	39	15	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	39	16	change	change	VERB
ajfa-12768	39	17	its	its	PRON
ajfa-12768	39	18	operation	operation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	39	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	1	examples	example	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	40	3	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	40	4	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	5	activities	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	6	include	include	VERB
ajfa-12768	40	7	altering	alter	VERB
ajfa-12768	40	8	shipment	shipment	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	9	schedule	schedule	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	11	offering	offer	VERB
ajfa-12768	40	12	end	end	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	14	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	40	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	16	period	period	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	17	sales	sale	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	40	20	speeding	speed	VERB
ajfa-12768	40	21	up	up	ADP
ajfa-12768	40	22	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	40	23	deferring	defer	VERB
ajfa-12768	40	24	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	40	25	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	26	fudenberg	fudenberg	PROPN
ajfa-12768	40	27	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	40	28	tirole	tirole	PROPN
ajfa-12768	40	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	30	1995	1995	NUM
ajfa-12768	40	31	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	32	lambert	lambert	PROPN
ajfa-12768	40	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	34	1984	1984	NUM
ajfa-12768	40	35	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	40	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	41	1	generally	generally	ADV
ajfa-12768	41	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	41	3	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	4	utilize	utilize	VERB
ajfa-12768	41	5	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	6	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	41	7	increasing	increase	VERB
ajfa-12768	41	8	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	9	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	41	10	boost	boost	VERB
ajfa-12768	41	11	revenue	revenue	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	12	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	41	13	expected	expect	VERB
ajfa-12768	41	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	15	fall	fall	VERB
ajfa-12768	41	16	short	short	ADV
ajfa-12768	41	17	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	41	18	desired	desire	VERB
ajfa-12768	41	19	threshold	threshold	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	41	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	41	22	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	41	24	decreasing	decrease	VERB
ajfa-12768	41	25	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	26	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	41	27	expected	expect	VERB
ajfa-12768	41	28	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	29	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	41	30	greater	great	ADJ
ajfa-12768	41	31	than	than	ADP
ajfa-12768	41	32	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	41	33	asian	asian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	41	34	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	35	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	41	36	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	41	37	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	41	38	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	41	39	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	41	40	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	41	41	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	41	42	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	43	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	41	44	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	41	45	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	41	46	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	42	1	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	42	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	42	3	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	42	4	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	42	5	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	42	6	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	42	7	134	134	NUM
ajfa-12768	42	8	desired	desire	VERB
ajfa-12768	42	9	threshold	threshold	NOUN
ajfa-12768	42	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	42	11	sankar	sankar	NOUN
ajfa-12768	42	12	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	42	13	subramanyam	subramanyam	PROPN
ajfa-12768	42	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	42	15	2001	2001	NUM
ajfa-12768	42	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	42	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	43	1	overall	overall	ADJ
ajfa-12768	43	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	43	3	most	most	ADJ
ajfa-12768	43	4	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	5	which	which	PRON
ajfa-12768	43	6	examine	examine	VERB
ajfa-12768	43	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	8	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	9	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	43	10	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	11	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	43	12	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	43	13	garbling	garbling	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	43	15	measure	measure	VERB
ajfa-12768	43	16	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	17	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	18	using	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	43	19	accrual	accrual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	43	20	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	21	instead	instead	ADV
ajfa-12768	43	22	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	43	23	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	43	24	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	43	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	44	1	only	only	ADV
ajfa-12768	44	2	very	very	ADV
ajfa-12768	44	3	few	few	ADJ
ajfa-12768	44	4	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	44	5	measure	measure	VERB
ajfa-12768	44	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	44	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	44	8	using	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	44	9	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	44	10	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	44	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	44	12	such	such	ADJ
ajfa-12768	44	13	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	44	14	dhole	dhole	PROPN
ajfa-12768	44	15	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	44	16	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	44	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	45	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	45	2	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	45	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	45	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	45	5	francis	francis	PROPN
ajfa-12768	45	6	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	45	7	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	45	8	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	46	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	46	2	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	46	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	46	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	46	5	huang	huang	PROPN
ajfa-12768	46	6	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	46	7	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	46	8	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	47	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	47	2	2009	2009	NUM
ajfa-12768	47	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	47	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	47	5	khurana	khurana	PROPN
ajfa-12768	47	6	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	47	7	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	47	8	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	48	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	48	2	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	48	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	48	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	49	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajfa-12768	49	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	49	3	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	49	4	section	section	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	5	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	49	6	contributed	contribute	VERB
ajfa-12768	49	7	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	49	8	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	49	9	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	10	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	49	11	examine	examine	VERB
ajfa-12768	49	12	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	49	13	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	14	activities	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	15	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	49	16	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	49	17	rest	rest	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	18	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	49	19	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	49	20	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	21	i.e.	i.e.	X
ajfa-12768	49	22	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	49	23	section	section	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	24	2.1	2.1	NUM
ajfa-12768	49	25	until	until	ADP
ajfa-12768	49	26	2.4	2.4	NUM
ajfa-12768	49	27	discuss	discuss	VERB
ajfa-12768	49	28	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	49	29	roles	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	30	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	49	31	both	both	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	49	32	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	49	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	49	34	accrual	accrual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	49	35	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	49	36	activities	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	49	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	50	1	except	except	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	50	2	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	50	3	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	4	mentioned	mention	VERB
ajfa-12768	50	5	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	50	6	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	50	7	section	section	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	50	9	all	all	DET
ajfa-12768	50	10	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	11	mentioned	mention	VERB
ajfa-12768	50	12	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	50	13	section	section	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	14	2.1	2.1	NUM
ajfa-12768	50	15	until	until	ADP
ajfa-12768	50	16	2.4	2.4	NUM
ajfa-12768	50	17	use	use	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	18	accruals	accrual	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	19	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	50	20	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	50	21	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	22	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	23	measurement	measurement	NOUN
ajfa-12768	50	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	51	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	51	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	51	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	51	4	view	view	NOUN
ajfa-12768	51	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	51	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	51	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	51	8	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	51	9	used	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	51	10	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	51	11	garble	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	51	12	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	51	13	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	51	14	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	51	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	51	16	khurana	khurana	PROPN
ajfa-12768	51	17	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	51	18	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	51	19	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	52	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	52	2	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	52	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	52	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	52	5	positive	positive	ADJ
ajfa-12768	52	6	association	association	NOUN
ajfa-12768	52	7	between	between	ADP
ajfa-12768	52	8	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	52	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	52	10	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	52	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	52	12	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	52	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	52	14	specific	specific	ADJ
ajfa-12768	52	15	stock	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	52	16	price	price	NOUN
ajfa-12768	52	17	crash	crash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	52	18	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	52	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	53	1	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	53	2	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	53	3	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	53	4	allows	allow	VERB
ajfa-12768	53	5	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	53	6	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	53	7	conceal	conceal	VERB
ajfa-12768	53	8	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	53	9	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	53	10	actual	actual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	53	11	performance	performance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	53	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	54	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajfa-12768	54	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	54	3	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	54	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	54	5	accumulated	accumulate	VERB
ajfa-12768	54	6	bad	bad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	54	7	news	news	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	8	bubble	bubble	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	9	burst	burst	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	54	11	stock	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	12	price	price	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	13	crash	crash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	14	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	54	15	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	54	16	result	result	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	17	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	54	18	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	19	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	54	20	negative	negative	ADJ
ajfa-12768	54	21	reaction	reaction	NOUN
ajfa-12768	54	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	55	1	francis	francis	PROPN
ajfa-12768	55	2	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	55	3	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	55	4	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	56	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	56	2	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	56	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	56	4	also	also	ADV
ajfa-12768	56	5	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	56	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	56	7	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	56	8	engage	engage	VERB
ajfa-12768	56	9	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	56	10	downward	downward	ADJ
ajfa-12768	56	11	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	56	12	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	56	13	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	56	14	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	56	15	garble	garble	ADJ
ajfa-12768	56	16	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	56	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	57	1	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	2	manage	manage	VERB
ajfa-12768	57	3	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	4	downward	downward	ADV
ajfa-12768	57	5	immediately	immediately	ADV
ajfa-12768	57	6	before	before	ADP
ajfa-12768	57	7	share	share	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	8	repurchases	repurchase	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	57	10	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	11	buyouts	buyout	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	57	13	ceo	ceo	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	14	option	option	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	15	awards	award	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	16	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	57	17	lower	lower	VERB
ajfa-12768	57	18	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	57	19	stock	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	20	prices	price	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	57	22	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	57	23	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	57	24	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	57	25	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	57	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	58	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	58	2	similar	similar	ADJ
ajfa-12768	58	3	vein	vein	NOUN
ajfa-12768	58	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	58	5	dhole	dhole	PROPN
ajfa-12768	58	6	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	58	7	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	58	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	59	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	59	2	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	59	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	59	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	59	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	59	6	ceo	ceo	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	7	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	8	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	59	9	smooth	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	59	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	11	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	59	12	due	due	ADP
ajfa-12768	59	13	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	59	14	garbling	garbling	ADJ
ajfa-12768	59	15	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	59	17	through	through	ADP
ajfa-12768	59	18	both	both	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	59	19	artifical	artifical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	59	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	59	21	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	59	22	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	23	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	24	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	59	25	mitigated	mitigate	VERB
ajfa-12768	59	26	via	via	ADP
ajfa-12768	59	27	ceo	ceo	PROPN
ajfa-12768	59	28	inside	inside	ADP
ajfa-12768	59	29	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	30	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	59	31	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	32	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	59	33	like	like	ADJ
ajfa-12768	59	34	component	component	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	35	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	59	36	executive	executive	ADJ
ajfa-12768	59	37	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	38	such	such	ADJ
ajfa-12768	59	39	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	59	40	deferred	defer	VERB
ajfa-12768	59	41	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	42	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	59	43	pensions	pension	NOUN
ajfa-12768	59	44	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	59	45	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	60	1	however	however	ADV
ajfa-12768	60	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	60	3	using	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	60	4	derivatives	derivative	NOUN
ajfa-12768	60	5	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	60	6	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	60	7	measure	measure	NOUN
ajfa-12768	60	8	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	60	9	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	60	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	60	11	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	60	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	60	13	huang	huang	PROPN
ajfa-12768	60	14	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	60	15	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	60	16	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	61	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	61	2	2009	2009	NUM
ajfa-12768	61	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	61	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	61	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	61	6	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	61	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	61	8	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	61	9	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	61	10	less	less	ADV
ajfa-12768	61	11	pronounced	pronounce	VERB
ajfa-12768	61	12	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	61	13	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	61	14	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	61	15	weak	weak	ADJ
ajfa-12768	61	16	governance	governance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	61	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	61	18	showing	show	VERB
ajfa-12768	61	19	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	61	20	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	61	21	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	61	22	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	61	23	does	do	AUX
ajfa-12768	61	24	not	not	PART
ajfa-12768	61	25	serve	serve	VERB
ajfa-12768	61	26	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	61	27	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	61	28	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	61	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	62	1	instead	instead	ADV
ajfa-12768	62	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	62	3	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	62	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	62	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	6	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	62	7	derivaties	derivatie	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	8	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	62	9	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	62	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	11	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	62	12	proxy	proxy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	13	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	62	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	62	15	serves	serve	VERB
ajfa-12768	62	16	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	62	17	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	18	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	62	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	62	20	add	add	VERB
ajfa-12768	62	21	greater	great	ADJ
ajfa-12768	62	22	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	23	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	62	24	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	25	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	62	26	weak	weak	ADJ
ajfa-12768	62	27	investor	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	28	protection	protection	NOUN
ajfa-12768	62	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	63	1	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	63	2	argue	argue	VERB
ajfa-12768	63	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	63	4	derivatives	derivative	NOUN
ajfa-12768	63	5	have	have	AUX
ajfa-12768	63	6	been	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	63	7	used	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	63	8	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	63	9	eliminate	eliminate	VERB
ajfa-12768	63	10	extraneous	extraneous	ADJ
ajfa-12768	63	11	shocks	shock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	63	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	63	13	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	63	14	improve	improve	VERB
ajfa-12768	63	15	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	63	16	informativeness	informativeness	NOUN
ajfa-12768	63	17	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	63	18	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	63	19	ability	ability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	63	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	63	21	project	project	NOUN
ajfa-12768	63	22	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	63	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	64	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	64	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	64	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	64	4	discussion	discussion	NOUN
ajfa-12768	64	5	above	above	ADP
ajfa-12768	64	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	64	7	prior	prior	ADJ
ajfa-12768	64	8	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	64	9	provide	provide	VERB
ajfa-12768	64	10	evidences	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	64	11	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	64	12	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	64	13	existence	existence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	64	14	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	64	15	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	64	16	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	64	17	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	64	18	activities	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	64	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	65	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	65	2	lack	lack	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	65	4	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	65	5	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	6	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	65	7	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	65	8	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	9	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	65	10	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	65	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	12	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	65	14	either	either	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	65	15	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	65	16	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	17	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	65	18	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	65	19	garbling	garbling	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	65	21	summons	summon	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	22	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	65	23	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	65	24	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	25	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	65	26	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	65	27	area	area	NOUN
ajfa-12768	65	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	66	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	66	2	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	66	4	accrual	accrual	ADJ
ajfa-12768	66	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	6	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	7	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	66	8	discussed	discuss	VERB
ajfa-12768	66	9	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	66	10	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	66	11	following	follow	VERB
ajfa-12768	66	12	sections	section	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	66	14	as	as	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	66	15	categorised	categorise	VERB
ajfa-12768	66	16	into	into	ADP
ajfa-12768	66	17	four	four	NUM
ajfa-12768	66	18	factors	factor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	19	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	66	20	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	66	21	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	66	23	financing	financing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	24	need	need	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	66	26	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	27	contract	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	66	29	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	30	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	66	31	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajfa-12768	66	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	1	2.1	2.1	NUM
ajfa-12768	67	2	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	3	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	67	5	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	67	6	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	8	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	9	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	67	10	related	relate	VERB
ajfa-12768	67	11	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	67	12	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	67	13	increased	increase	VERB
ajfa-12768	67	14	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	67	15	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	67	16	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	17	via	via	ADP
ajfa-12768	67	18	meeting	meet	VERB
ajfa-12768	67	19	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	20	prediction	prediction	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	22	goel	goel	PROPN
ajfa-12768	67	23	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	67	24	thakor	thakor	PROPN
ajfa-12768	67	25	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	26	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	67	27	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	28	graham	graham	PROPN
ajfa-12768	67	29	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	67	30	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	67	31	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	67	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	33	2005	2005	NUM
ajfa-12768	67	34	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	35	kirschenheiter	kirschenheiter	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	36	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	67	37	melumad	melumad	PROPN
ajfa-12768	67	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	39	2002	2002	NUM
ajfa-12768	67	40	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	41	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	42	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	67	43	reducing	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	67	44	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	45	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	67	46	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	47	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	48	perception	perception	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	49	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	67	50	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	51	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	67	52	bankruptcy	bankruptcy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	53	probability	probability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	54	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	55	trueman	trueman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	56	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	67	57	titman	titman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	67	58	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	59	1988	1988	NUM
ajfa-12768	67	60	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	67	61	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	68	1	under	under	ADP
ajfa-12768	68	2	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	68	3	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	68	4	view	view	NOUN
ajfa-12768	68	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	68	6	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	68	7	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	68	8	expected	expect	VERB
ajfa-12768	68	9	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	68	10	smooth	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	68	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	68	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	68	13	report	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	68	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	68	15	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	68	16	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	68	17	close	close	ADJ
ajfa-12768	68	18	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	68	19	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	68	20	’	’	PART
ajfa-12768	68	21	expectation	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	68	22	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	68	23	target	target	NOUN
ajfa-12768	68	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	69	1	smaller	small	ADJ
ajfa-12768	69	2	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	69	3	surprise	surprise	NOUN
ajfa-12768	69	4	signals	signal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	69	5	asian	asian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	69	6	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	69	7	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	69	8	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	69	9	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	69	10	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	69	11	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	69	12	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	69	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	69	14	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	69	15	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	69	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	69	17	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	69	18	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	70	1	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	70	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	70	3	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	70	4	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	70	5	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	70	6	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	70	7	135	135	NUM
ajfa-12768	70	8	higher	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	70	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	70	10	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	70	11	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	70	12	previously	previously	ADV
ajfa-12768	70	13	reported	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	70	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	70	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	70	16	dejong	dejong	NOUN
ajfa-12768	70	17	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	70	18	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	70	19	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	70	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	70	21	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	70	22	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	70	23	kirschenheiter	kirschenheiter	NOUN
ajfa-12768	70	24	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	70	25	melumad	melumad	PROPN
ajfa-12768	70	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	70	27	2002	2002	NUM
ajfa-12768	70	28	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	71	1	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	71	2	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	71	3	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	71	4	inability	inability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	71	5	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	71	6	meet	meet	VERB
ajfa-12768	71	7	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	71	8	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	71	9	expectation	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	71	10	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	71	11	perceived	perceive	VERB
ajfa-12768	71	12	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	71	13	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	71	14	signal	signal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	71	15	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	71	16	hidden	hide	VERB
ajfa-12768	71	17	problems	problem	NOUN
ajfa-12768	71	18	at	at	ADP
ajfa-12768	71	19	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	71	20	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	71	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	71	22	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	71	23	which	which	PRON
ajfa-12768	71	24	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	71	25	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	71	26	would	would	AUX
ajfa-12768	71	27	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	71	28	severely	severely	ADV
ajfa-12768	71	29	punished	punish	VERB
ajfa-12768	71	30	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	71	31	graham	graham	PROPN
ajfa-12768	71	32	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	71	33	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	71	34	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	71	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	71	36	2005	2005	NUM
ajfa-12768	71	37	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	71	38	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	72	1	accordingly	accordingly	ADV
ajfa-12768	72	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	72	3	graham	graham	PROPN
ajfa-12768	72	4	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	72	5	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	72	6	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	73	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	73	2	2005	2005	NUM
ajfa-12768	73	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	73	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	73	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	73	6	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	73	7	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	73	8	willing	willing	ADJ
ajfa-12768	73	9	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	73	10	sacrifice	sacrifice	VERB
ajfa-12768	73	11	long	long	ADJ
ajfa-12768	73	12	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	73	13	term	term	NOUN
ajfa-12768	73	14	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	73	15	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	73	16	meet	meet	VERB
ajfa-12768	73	17	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	73	18	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	73	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	74	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	74	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	74	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	74	4	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	74	5	abhor	abhor	VERB
ajfa-12768	74	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	74	7	volatility	volatility	NOUN
ajfa-12768	74	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	74	9	pay	pay	VERB
ajfa-12768	74	10	less	less	ADJ
ajfa-12768	74	11	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	74	12	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	74	13	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	74	14	higher	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	74	15	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	74	16	volatility	volatility	NOUN
ajfa-12768	74	17	because	because	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	74	18	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	74	19	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	74	20	associated	associate	VERB
ajfa-12768	74	21	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	74	22	greater	great	ADJ
ajfa-12768	74	23	expected	expect	VERB
ajfa-12768	74	24	losses	loss	NOUN
ajfa-12768	74	25	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	74	26	goel	goel	PROPN
ajfa-12768	74	27	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	74	28	thakor	thakor	PROPN
ajfa-12768	74	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	74	30	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	74	31	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	74	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	75	1	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	75	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	75	3	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	75	4	contend	contend	VERB
ajfa-12768	75	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	75	6	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	75	7	want	want	VERB
ajfa-12768	75	8	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	75	9	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	75	10	smooth	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	75	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	75	12	as	as	ADV
ajfa-12768	75	13	much	much	ADV
ajfa-12768	75	14	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	75	15	possible	possible	ADJ
ajfa-12768	75	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	75	17	so	so	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	75	18	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	75	19	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	75	20	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	75	21	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	75	22	more	more	ADV
ajfa-12768	75	23	predictible	predictible	ADJ
ajfa-12768	75	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	76	1	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	76	2	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	76	3	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	76	4	argument	argument	NOUN
ajfa-12768	76	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	76	6	di	di	NOUN
ajfa-12768	76	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	76	8	marciukaityte	marciukaityte	PROPN
ajfa-12768	76	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	76	10	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	76	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	76	12	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	76	13	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	76	14	repurchasing	repurchasing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	76	15	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	76	16	use	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	76	17	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	76	18	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	76	19	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	76	20	increase	increase	VERB
ajfa-12768	76	21	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	76	22	predictability	predictability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	76	23	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	76	24	reported	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	76	25	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	76	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	77	1	further	far	ADV
ajfa-12768	77	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	77	3	trueman	trueman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	77	5	titman	titman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	77	7	1988	1988	NUM
ajfa-12768	77	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	77	9	argue	argue	VERB
ajfa-12768	77	10	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	77	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	12	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	13	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	77	14	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	77	15	able	able	ADJ
ajfa-12768	77	16	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	77	17	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	77	18	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	77	20	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	21	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	77	22	expectation	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	23	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	77	24	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	25	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	77	26	bankruptcy	bankruptcy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	27	probability	probability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	28	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	77	29	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	77	30	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	77	31	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	77	32	willing	willing	ADJ
ajfa-12768	77	33	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	77	34	do	do	VERB
ajfa-12768	77	35	transaction	transaction	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	36	at	at	ADP
ajfa-12768	77	37	lower	low	ADJ
ajfa-12768	77	38	costs	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	77	39	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	78	1	this	this	PRON
ajfa-12768	78	2	would	would	AUX
ajfa-12768	78	3	result	result	VERB
ajfa-12768	78	4	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	78	5	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	78	6	increase	increase	NOUN
ajfa-12768	78	7	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	78	8	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	78	9	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	78	10	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	78	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	79	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	79	2	relation	relation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	3	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	79	4	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	79	5	argument	argument	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	79	7	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	79	8	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	9	provide	provide	VERB
ajfa-12768	79	10	mix	mix	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	11	evidences	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	12	where	where	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	79	13	lev	lev	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	79	15	kunitzky	kunitzky	PROPN
ajfa-12768	79	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	79	17	1974	1974	NUM
ajfa-12768	79	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	79	19	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	79	20	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	21	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	79	22	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	23	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	79	24	reducing	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	79	25	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	26	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	79	27	common	common	ADJ
ajfa-12768	79	28	stock	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	29	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	30	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	79	31	mcinnis	mcinnis	PROPN
ajfa-12768	79	32	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	79	33	2010	2010	NUM
ajfa-12768	79	34	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	79	35	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	79	36	no	no	DET
ajfa-12768	79	37	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	38	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	79	39	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	79	40	relation	relation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	41	between	between	ADP
ajfa-12768	79	42	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	43	smoothness	smoothness	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	44	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	79	45	average	average	ADJ
ajfa-12768	79	46	stock	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	47	returns	return	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	48	–	–	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	79	49	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	50	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	79	51	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	52	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	79	53	volatile	volatile	ADJ
ajfa-12768	79	54	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	55	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	79	56	not	not	PART
ajfa-12768	79	57	compensated	compensate	VERB
ajfa-12768	79	58	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	79	59	higher	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	79	60	returns	return	NOUN
ajfa-12768	79	61	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	80	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	80	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	80	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	80	4	literature	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	5	discussed	discuss	VERB
ajfa-12768	80	6	above	above	ADV
ajfa-12768	80	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	80	8	abundant	abundant	ADJ
ajfa-12768	80	9	theoretical	theoretical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	80	10	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	80	11	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	80	12	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	13	have	have	AUX
ajfa-12768	80	14	been	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	80	15	trying	try	VERB
ajfa-12768	80	16	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	80	17	explain	explain	VERB
ajfa-12768	80	18	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	80	19	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	20	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	80	21	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	22	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	23	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	80	24	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	25	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	80	26	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	80	27	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	80	28	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	80	29	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	30	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	80	31	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	32	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	80	33	maximize	maximize	VERB
ajfa-12768	80	34	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	80	35	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	80	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	81	1	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	81	2	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	81	3	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	81	4	want	want	VERB
ajfa-12768	81	5	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	81	6	look	look	VERB
ajfa-12768	81	7	into	into	ADP
ajfa-12768	81	8	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	81	9	effect	effect	NOUN
ajfa-12768	81	10	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	81	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	81	12	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	81	13	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	81	14	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	81	15	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	81	16	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	81	17	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	81	18	long	long	ADJ
ajfa-12768	81	19	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	81	20	term	term	NOUN
ajfa-12768	81	21	basis	basis	NOUN
ajfa-12768	81	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	82	1	2.2	2.2	NUM
ajfa-12768	82	2	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	3	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	82	5	financing	financing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	6	need	need	VERB
ajfa-12768	82	7	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	82	8	roles	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	9	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	82	10	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	82	11	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	12	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	82	13	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	14	contracting	contracting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	15	arise	arise	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	16	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	82	17	two	two	NUM
ajfa-12768	82	18	situations	situation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	19	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	82	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	82	21	1	1	X
ajfa-12768	82	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	82	23	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	82	24	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	82	25	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	26	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	82	27	granting	grant	VERB
ajfa-12768	82	28	decision	decision	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	29	stage	stage	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	30	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	82	31	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	82	32	2	2	NUM
ajfa-12768	82	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	82	34	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	82	35	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	82	36	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ajfa-12768	82	37	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	38	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	82	39	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	82	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	83	1	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	83	2	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	83	3	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	4	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	83	5	granting	grant	VERB
ajfa-12768	83	6	decision	decision	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	7	stage	stage	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	83	9	lenders	lender	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	10	demand	demand	VERB
ajfa-12768	83	11	high	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	83	12	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	13	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	83	14	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	15	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	83	16	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	17	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	83	18	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	83	19	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	83	20	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	21	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	22	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	83	23	forecasting	forecast	VERB
ajfa-12768	83	24	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	83	25	cash	cash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	26	flows	flow	NOUN
ajfa-12768	83	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	84	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	84	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	84	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	84	4	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	84	5	also	also	ADV
ajfa-12768	84	6	demand	demand	VERB
ajfa-12768	84	7	high	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	84	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	84	9	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	84	10	financing	financing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	84	11	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	84	12	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	84	13	increase	increase	VERB
ajfa-12768	84	14	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	84	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	84	16	contracting	contract	VERB
ajfa-12768	84	17	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajfa-12768	84	18	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	84	19	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	84	20	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ajfa-12768	84	21	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajfa-12768	84	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	85	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	85	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	85	3	these	these	DET
ajfa-12768	85	4	two	two	NUM
ajfa-12768	85	5	situations	situation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	85	7	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	85	8	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	9	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	85	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	11	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	12	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	85	13	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	14	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	85	15	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	85	16	stronger	strong	ADJ
ajfa-12768	85	17	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	85	18	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	19	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	85	20	granting	grant	VERB
ajfa-12768	85	21	stage	stage	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	22	because	because	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	85	23	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	24	need	need	VERB
ajfa-12768	85	25	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	85	26	signal	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	85	27	credible	credible	ADJ
ajfa-12768	85	28	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	85	29	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	30	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	85	31	lower	lower	VERB
ajfa-12768	85	32	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	85	33	cost	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	34	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	85	35	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	85	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	1	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	86	2	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	86	3	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	86	4	argument	argument	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	6	amiram	amiram	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	86	8	owens	owens	PROPN
ajfa-12768	86	9	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	10	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	86	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	13	gassen	gassen	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	86	15	fülbier	fülbier	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	17	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	86	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	86	21	li	li	PROPN
ajfa-12768	86	22	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	86	23	richie	richie	PROPN
ajfa-12768	86	24	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	25	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	86	26	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	27	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	86	28	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	86	29	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	30	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	31	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	86	32	associated	associate	VERB
ajfa-12768	86	33	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	86	34	lower	low	ADJ
ajfa-12768	86	35	cost	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	36	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	86	37	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	38	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	86	39	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	40	perceive	perceive	VERB
ajfa-12768	86	41	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	86	42	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	43	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	86	44	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	86	45	signal	signal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	46	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	86	47	business	business	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	48	stability	stability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	49	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	86	50	lower	low	ADJ
ajfa-12768	86	51	loan	loan	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	52	default	default	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	53	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	86	54	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	87	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	87	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	87	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	87	4	jung	jung	PROPN
ajfa-12768	87	5	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	87	6	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	87	7	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	88	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	88	2	2013	2013	NUM
ajfa-12768	88	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	88	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	88	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	88	6	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	7	rating	rating	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	8	agencies	agency	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	9	also	also	ADV
ajfa-12768	88	10	perceive	perceive	VERB
ajfa-12768	88	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	12	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	13	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	88	14	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	88	15	signal	signal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	16	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	88	17	business	business	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	18	stability	stability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	19	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	88	20	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	21	reduce	reduce	VERB
ajfa-12768	88	22	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	23	volatility	volatility	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	24	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	88	25	order	order	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	26	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	88	27	improve	improve	VERB
ajfa-12768	88	28	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	88	29	maintain	maintain	VERB
ajfa-12768	88	30	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	31	ratings	rating	NOUN
ajfa-12768	88	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	89	1	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	89	2	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	89	3	other	other	ADJ
ajfa-12768	89	4	hand	hand	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	89	6	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	89	7	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ajfa-12768	89	8	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	9	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	89	10	covenant	covenant	ADJ
ajfa-12768	89	11	compliance	compliance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	12	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	89	13	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	89	15	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	89	16	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	17	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	89	18	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	19	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	20	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	89	21	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	22	garbling	garbling	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	23	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	89	24	stronger	strong	ADJ
ajfa-12768	89	25	because	because	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	89	26	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	27	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	89	28	engage	engage	VERB
ajfa-12768	89	29	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	89	30	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	31	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	32	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	89	33	avoid	avoid	VERB
ajfa-12768	89	34	breaching	breach	VERB
ajfa-12768	89	35	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	36	covenants	covenant	NOUN
ajfa-12768	89	37	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	90	2	support	support	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	3	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	90	4	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	90	5	argument	argument	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	7	gassen	gassen	PROPN
ajfa-12768	90	8	asian	asian	PROPN
ajfa-12768	90	9	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	90	10	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	90	11	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	90	12	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	90	13	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	90	14	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	90	15	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	90	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	17	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	18	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	90	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	20	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	21	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	90	22	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	90	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	24	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	90	25	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	26	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	90	27	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	90	28	136	136	NUM
ajfa-12768	90	29	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	90	30	fülbier	fülbier	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	31	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	32	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	90	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	34	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	90	35	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	90	36	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	37	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	90	38	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	90	39	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	40	report	report	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	41	smoother	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	90	42	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	43	stream	stream	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	44	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	45	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	90	46	avoid	avoid	VERB
ajfa-12768	90	47	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	48	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	90	49	renegotiation	renegotiation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	50	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	90	51	bankruptcy	bankruptcy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	52	costs	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	90	53	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	91	1	nonetheless	nonetheless	ADV
ajfa-12768	91	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	91	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	91	4	need	need	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	5	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	91	6	use	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	91	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	8	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	9	as	as	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	91	10	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	11	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	91	12	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	91	13	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	91	14	strongest	strong	ADJ
ajfa-12768	91	15	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	91	16	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	91	17	situation	situation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	18	where	where	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	91	19	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	20	asymmetry	asymmetry	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	21	between	between	ADP
ajfa-12768	91	22	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	23	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	91	24	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	25	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	91	26	very	very	ADV
ajfa-12768	91	27	high	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	91	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	91	29	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	91	30	example	example	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	91	32	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	91	33	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	91	34	countries	country	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	35	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	91	36	weak	weak	ADJ
ajfa-12768	91	37	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	38	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	91	39	protection	protection	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	40	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	91	41	specific	specific	ADJ
ajfa-12768	91	42	industries	industry	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	43	where	where	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	91	44	high	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	91	45	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	46	asymmetry	asymmetry	NOUN
ajfa-12768	91	47	exist	exist	VERB
ajfa-12768	91	48	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	92	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	92	2	these	these	DET
ajfa-12768	92	3	situations	situation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	92	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	92	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	92	6	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	92	7	serves	serve	VERB
ajfa-12768	92	8	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	92	9	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	92	10	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	92	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	92	12	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	92	13	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
ajfa-12768	92	14	agency	agency	NOUN
ajfa-12768	92	15	problem	problem	NOUN
ajfa-12768	92	16	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	92	17	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	92	18	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	92	19	bigus	bigus	PROPN
ajfa-12768	92	20	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	92	21	häfele	häfele	PROPN
ajfa-12768	92	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	92	23	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	92	24	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	92	25	dou	dou	X
ajfa-12768	92	26	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	92	27	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	92	28	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	92	29	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	92	30	2013	2013	NUM
ajfa-12768	92	31	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	92	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	93	1	garcía	garcía	ADJ
ajfa-12768	93	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	93	3	teruel	teruel	PROPN
ajfa-12768	93	4	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	93	5	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	93	6	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	94	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	94	2	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	94	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	94	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	94	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	94	6	smes	sme	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	94	8	smes	sme	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	9	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	94	10	characterized	characterize	VERB
ajfa-12768	94	11	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	94	12	high	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	94	13	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	14	asymmetry	asymmetry	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	15	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	94	16	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	94	17	smoother	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	94	18	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	19	have	have	AUX
ajfa-12768	94	20	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	94	21	access	access	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	22	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	94	23	trade	trade	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	24	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	25	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	94	26	suppliers	supplier	NOUN
ajfa-12768	94	27	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	95	1	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	95	2	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	95	3	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	4	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	95	5	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	95	6	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	7	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	95	8	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	9	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	10	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	95	11	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	12	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	95	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	95	14	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	95	15	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	16	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	95	17	granting	grant	VERB
ajfa-12768	95	18	decision	decision	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	19	stage	stage	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	95	21	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	95	22	plenty	plenty	ADJ
ajfa-12768	95	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	95	24	researches	research	VERB
ajfa-12768	95	25	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	95	26	its	its	PRON
ajfa-12768	95	27	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	28	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	95	29	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	30	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	95	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	95	32	during	during	ADP
ajfa-12768	95	33	subsequent	subsequent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	95	34	ongoing	ongoing	ADJ
ajfa-12768	95	35	monitoring	monitoring	NOUN
ajfa-12768	95	36	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	95	37	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	95	38	still	still	ADV
ajfa-12768	95	39	lacking	lack	VERB
ajfa-12768	95	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	96	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajfa-12768	96	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	96	3	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	96	4	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	96	5	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	96	6	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	96	7	area	area	NOUN
ajfa-12768	96	8	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	96	9	warranted	warrant	VERB
ajfa-12768	96	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	97	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	97	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	97	4	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	97	5	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	6	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	97	7	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	97	8	directed	direct	VERB
ajfa-12768	97	9	towards	towards	ADP
ajfa-12768	97	10	understanding	understand	VERB
ajfa-12768	97	11	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	97	12	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	13	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	97	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	15	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	16	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	97	17	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	97	18	situation	situation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	19	where	where	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	97	20	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	21	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	97	22	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	97	23	great	great	ADJ
ajfa-12768	97	24	need	need	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	25	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	97	26	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	97	28	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	97	29	example	example	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	30	financially	financially	ADV
ajfa-12768	97	31	distressed	distressed	ADJ
ajfa-12768	97	32	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	97	33	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	98	1	2.3	2.3	NUM
ajfa-12768	98	2	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	3	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	98	5	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	6	contract	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	7	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	98	8	line	line	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	9	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	98	10	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	11	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	98	12	theory	theory	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	98	14	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	15	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	98	16	executive	executive	PROPN
ajfa-12768	98	17	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	18	generally	generally	ADV
ajfa-12768	98	19	view	view	VERB
ajfa-12768	98	20	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	21	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	22	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	98	23	an	an	DET
ajfa-12768	98	24	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	25	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	98	26	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	27	’	’	PART
ajfa-12768	98	28	opportunistic	opportunistic	ADJ
ajfa-12768	98	29	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	30	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	98	31	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	98	32	maximize	maximize	VERB
ajfa-12768	98	33	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	98	34	current	current	ADJ
ajfa-12768	98	35	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	98	36	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	98	37	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	38	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	98	39	as	as	ADV
ajfa-12768	98	40	well	well	ADV
ajfa-12768	98	41	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	98	42	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	98	43	secure	secure	VERB
ajfa-12768	98	44	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	98	45	job	job	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	46	contracts	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	98	47	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	98	48	fudenberg	fudenberg	PROPN
ajfa-12768	98	49	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	98	50	tirole	tirole	PROPN
ajfa-12768	98	51	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	98	52	1995	1995	NUM
ajfa-12768	98	53	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	98	54	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	1	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	2	underreport	underreport	ADJ
ajfa-12768	99	3	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	4	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	99	5	realized	realize	VERB
ajfa-12768	99	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	7	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	99	8	sufficiently	sufficiently	ADV
ajfa-12768	99	9	high	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	99	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	11	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	99	12	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	99	13	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	99	14	bonus	bonus	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	15	reaches	reach	VERB
ajfa-12768	99	16	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	99	17	bonus	bonus	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	18	cap	cap	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	20	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	99	21	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	99	22	over	over	ADP
ajfa-12768	99	23	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	24	report	report	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	25	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	26	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	99	27	realized	realize	VERB
ajfa-12768	99	28	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	29	fall	fall	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	30	between	between	ADP
ajfa-12768	99	31	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	99	32	lower	low	ADJ
ajfa-12768	99	33	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	99	34	upper	upper	ADJ
ajfa-12768	99	35	bound	bind	VERB
ajfa-12768	99	36	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	99	37	bonus	bonus	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	38	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	39	defond	defond	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	40	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	99	41	park	park	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	42	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	43	1997	1997	NUM
ajfa-12768	99	44	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	45	grant	grant	VERB
ajfa-12768	99	46	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	99	47	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	99	48	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	99	49	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	50	2009	2009	NUM
ajfa-12768	99	51	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	52	healy	healy	PROPN
ajfa-12768	99	53	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	54	1985	1985	NUM
ajfa-12768	99	55	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	56	spagnolo	spagnolo	NOUN
ajfa-12768	99	57	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	58	2005	2005	NUM
ajfa-12768	99	59	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	99	60	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	1	however	however	ADV
ajfa-12768	100	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	3	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	100	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	100	5	realized	realize	VERB
ajfa-12768	100	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	7	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	100	8	really	really	ADV
ajfa-12768	100	9	bad	bad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	100	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	11	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	100	12	would	would	AUX
ajfa-12768	100	13	engage	engage	VERB
ajfa-12768	100	14	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	100	15	‘	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	16	big	big	ADJ
ajfa-12768	100	17	bath	bath	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	18	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	19	–	–	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	20	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	21	underreport	underreport	ADJ
ajfa-12768	100	22	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	23	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	100	24	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	100	25	maximum	maximum	ADJ
ajfa-12768	100	26	amount	amount	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	27	possible	possible	ADJ
ajfa-12768	100	28	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	29	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	100	30	order	order	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	31	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	100	32	report	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	100	33	higher	high	ADJ
ajfa-12768	100	34	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	100	35	smoother	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	100	36	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	37	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	100	38	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	100	39	future	future	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	40	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	41	kirschenheiter	kirschenheiter	NOUN
ajfa-12768	100	42	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	100	43	melumad	melumad	PROPN
ajfa-12768	100	44	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	45	2002	2002	NUM
ajfa-12768	100	46	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	100	47	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	101	1	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	101	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	101	3	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	101	4	mitigate	mitigate	VERB
ajfa-12768	101	5	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	6	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	7	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	101	8	using	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	101	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	10	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	11	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	101	12	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	13	garbling	garbling	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	101	15	manager	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	16	inside	inside	ADP
ajfa-12768	101	17	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	18	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	101	19	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	101	20	used	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	101	21	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	101	22	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	101	23	new	new	ADJ
ajfa-12768	101	24	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	25	strategy	strategy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	101	26	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	101	27	dhole	dhole	PROPN
ajfa-12768	101	28	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	101	29	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	101	30	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	101	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	101	32	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	101	33	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	101	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	102	1	inside	inside	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	2	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	3	refers	refer	VERB
ajfa-12768	102	4	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	5	use	use	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	6	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	7	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	8	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	9	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	102	10	portion	portion	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	11	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	12	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	13	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	102	15	using	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	102	16	defined	define	VERB
ajfa-12768	102	17	benefit	benefit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	18	pensions	pension	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	102	20	other	other	ADJ
ajfa-12768	102	21	deferred	deferred	ADJ
ajfa-12768	102	22	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	102	24	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	25	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	102	26	premise	premise	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	27	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	102	28	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	29	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	102	30	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	31	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	102	32	paid	pay	VERB
ajfa-12768	102	33	at	at	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	34	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	102	35	after	after	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	36	retirement	retirement	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	37	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	102	38	as	as	ADV
ajfa-12768	102	39	long	long	ADV
ajfa-12768	102	40	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	41	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	102	42	firm	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	43	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	102	44	solvent	solvent	NOUN
ajfa-12768	102	45	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	103	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	103	2	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	103	3	case	case	NOUN
ajfa-12768	103	4	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	103	5	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	103	6	insolvency	insolvency	NOUN
ajfa-12768	103	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	103	8	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	103	9	would	would	AUX
ajfa-12768	103	10	lose	lose	VERB
ajfa-12768	103	11	all	all	DET
ajfa-12768	103	12	these	these	DET
ajfa-12768	103	13	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	103	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	104	1	apart	apart	ADV
ajfa-12768	104	2	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	104	3	managerial	managerial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	104	4	opportunism	opportunism	NOUN
ajfa-12768	104	5	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajfa-12768	104	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	104	7	das	das	PROPN
ajfa-12768	104	8	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	104	9	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	104	10	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	105	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	105	2	2013	2013	NUM
ajfa-12768	105	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	105	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	105	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	105	6	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	105	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	105	8	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	105	9	partly	partly	ADV
ajfa-12768	105	10	induced	induce	VERB
ajfa-12768	105	11	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	105	12	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	105	13	contracts	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	105	14	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	105	15	reward	reward	VERB
ajfa-12768	105	16	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	105	17	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	105	18	smoother	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	105	19	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	105	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	106	1	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	106	2	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	106	3	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	106	4	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	106	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	106	6	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	106	7	used	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	106	8	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	106	9	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	106	10	performance	performance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	106	11	metric	metric	ADJ
ajfa-12768	106	12	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	106	13	manager	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	106	14	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	106	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	107	1	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	107	2	relatively	relatively	ADV
ajfa-12768	107	3	new	new	ADJ
ajfa-12768	107	4	findings	finding	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	5	summons	summon	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	6	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	7	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	107	8	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	9	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	107	10	disentangle	disentangle	VERB
ajfa-12768	107	11	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	107	12	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	13	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	15	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	107	16	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	17	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	18	contract	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	107	20	whether	whether	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	107	21	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	107	22	solely	solely	ADV
ajfa-12768	107	23	serve	serve	VERB
ajfa-12768	107	24	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	25	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	26	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	107	27	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	28	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	107	29	benefits	benefit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	30	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	31	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	107	33	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	107	34	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	107	35	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	107	36	actually	actually	ADV
ajfa-12768	107	37	part	part	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	38	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	39	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	40	duty	duty	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	41	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	107	42	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	43	which	which	PRON
ajfa-12768	107	44	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	45	want	want	VERB
ajfa-12768	107	46	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	47	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	107	48	smooth	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	107	49	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	50	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	107	51	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	107	52	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	107	53	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	107	54	being	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	107	55	compensated	compensate	VERB
ajfa-12768	107	56	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	107	57	doing	do	VERB
ajfa-12768	107	58	so	so	ADV
ajfa-12768	107	59	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	108	1	asian	asian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	108	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	108	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	108	4	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	108	5	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	108	6	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	108	7	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	108	8	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	108	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	108	10	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	108	11	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	108	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	108	13	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	108	14	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	109	1	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	109	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	109	3	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	109	4	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	5	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	109	6	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	VERB
ajfa-12768	109	7	137	137	NUM
ajfa-12768	109	8	2.4	2.4	NUM
ajfa-12768	109	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	10	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	109	12	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	13	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	109	14	intervention	intervention	VERB
ajfa-12768	109	15	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	109	16	theory	theory	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	17	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	109	18	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	19	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	20	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	109	21	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	22	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	109	23	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	109	24	avoid	avoid	VERB
ajfa-12768	109	25	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	26	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	109	27	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	28	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	109	29	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	109	30	newly	newly	ADV
ajfa-12768	109	31	emerged	emerge	VERB
ajfa-12768	109	32	theory	theory	NOUN
ajfa-12768	109	33	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	109	34	proposed	propose	VERB
ajfa-12768	109	35	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	109	36	acharya	acharya	PROPN
ajfa-12768	109	37	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	109	38	lambrecht	lambrecht	PROPN
ajfa-12768	109	39	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	109	40	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	109	41	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	109	42	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	110	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	110	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	110	3	asymmetric	asymmetric	ADJ
ajfa-12768	110	4	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	110	5	theory	theory	NOUN
ajfa-12768	110	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	110	7	investor	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	110	8	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	110	9	estimate	estimate	NOUN
ajfa-12768	110	10	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	110	11	unbiased	unbiased	ADJ
ajfa-12768	110	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	110	13	‘	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	110	14	best	good	ADJ
ajfa-12768	110	15	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	110	16	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	110	17	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	110	18	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	110	19	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	110	20	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	110	21	have	have	VERB
ajfa-12768	110	22	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	111	1	therefore	therefore	ADV
ajfa-12768	111	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	111	3	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	111	4	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	111	5	considered	consider	VERB
ajfa-12768	111	6	rational	rational	ADJ
ajfa-12768	111	7	for	for	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	111	8	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	111	9	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	111	10	require	require	VERB
ajfa-12768	111	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	111	12	outcome	outcome	NOUN
ajfa-12768	111	13	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	111	14	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	111	15	consistent	consistent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	111	16	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	111	17	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	111	18	expectation	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	111	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	112	1	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	112	2	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	112	3	take	take	VERB
ajfa-12768	112	4	collective	collective	ADJ
ajfa-12768	112	5	action	action	NOUN
ajfa-12768	112	6	against	against	ADP
ajfa-12768	112	7	insiders	insider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	112	8	if	if	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	112	9	they	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	112	10	do	do	AUX
ajfa-12768	112	11	not	not	PART
ajfa-12768	112	12	receive	receive	VERB
ajfa-12768	112	13	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	112	14	fair	fair	ADJ
ajfa-12768	112	15	payout	payout	NOUN
ajfa-12768	112	16	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	112	17	meets	meet	VERB
ajfa-12768	112	18	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	112	19	expectations	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	112	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	113	1	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	113	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	113	3	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	113	4	need	need	VERB
ajfa-12768	113	5	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	113	6	report	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	113	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	113	8	that	that	PRON
ajfa-12768	113	9	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	113	10	close	close	ADJ
ajfa-12768	113	11	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	113	12	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	113	13	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	113	14	expectation	expectation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	113	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	113	16	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	113	17	keep	keep	VERB
ajfa-12768	113	18	them	they	PRON
ajfa-12768	113	19	at	at	ADP
ajfa-12768	113	20	bay	bay	NOUN
ajfa-12768	113	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	114	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	114	2	addition	addition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	114	4	since	since	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	114	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	6	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	7	held	hold	VERB
ajfa-12768	114	8	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	9	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	114	10	intervening	intervene	VERB
ajfa-12768	114	11	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	114	12	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	114	14	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	15	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	114	16	able	able	ADJ
ajfa-12768	114	17	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	114	18	keep	keep	VERB
ajfa-12768	114	19	unprofitable	unprofitable	ADJ
ajfa-12768	114	20	projects	project	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	114	22	continue	continue	VERB
ajfa-12768	114	23	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	114	24	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ
ajfa-12768	114	25	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	26	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	27	practice	practice	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	114	29	withhold	withhold	VERB
ajfa-12768	114	30	bad	bad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	114	31	news	news	NOUN
ajfa-12768	114	32	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	115	1	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	115	2	line	line	NOUN
ajfa-12768	115	3	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	115	4	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	115	5	argument	argument	NOUN
ajfa-12768	115	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	115	7	chen	chen	PROPN
ajfa-12768	115	8	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	115	9	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	115	10	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	115	11	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	115	12	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	115	13	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	115	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	115	15	khurana	khurana	PROPN
ajfa-12768	115	16	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	115	17	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	115	18	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	116	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	116	2	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	116	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	116	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	116	5	yu	yu	PROPN
ajfa-12768	116	6	et	et	PROPN
ajfa-12768	116	7	al	al	PROPN
ajfa-12768	116	8	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	117	1	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	117	2	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	117	3	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	117	4	find	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	117	5	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	117	6	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	117	7	use	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	117	8	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	117	9	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	117	10	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	117	11	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	117	12	mean	mean	NOUN
ajfa-12768	117	13	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	117	14	hide	hide	VERB
ajfa-12768	117	15	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	117	16	withhold	withhold	VERB
ajfa-12768	117	17	bad	bad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	117	18	news	news	NOUN
ajfa-12768	117	19	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	117	20	shareholders	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	117	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	118	1	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	118	2	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	118	3	consequence	consequence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	118	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	118	5	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	118	6	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	118	7	exposed	expose	VERB
ajfa-12768	118	8	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	118	9	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	118	10	greater	great	ADJ
ajfa-12768	118	11	stock	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	118	12	price	price	NOUN
ajfa-12768	118	13	crash	crash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	118	14	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	118	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	118	16	especially	especially	ADV
ajfa-12768	118	17	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	118	18	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	118	19	accumulated	accumulate	VERB
ajfa-12768	118	20	bad	bad	ADJ
ajfa-12768	118	21	news	news	NOUN
ajfa-12768	118	22	burst	burst	NOUN
ajfa-12768	118	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	119	1	these	these	DET
ajfa-12768	119	2	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ajfa-12768	119	3	findings	finding	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	4	open	open	VERB
ajfa-12768	119	5	up	up	ADP
ajfa-12768	119	6	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	119	7	opportunities	opportunity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	8	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	119	9	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	119	10	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	119	12	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	119	13	example	example	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	119	15	using	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	119	16	other	other	ADJ
ajfa-12768	119	17	measures	measure	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	18	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	119	19	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	20	’	’	PART
ajfa-12768	119	21	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	22	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	119	23	examine	examine	VERB
ajfa-12768	119	24	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	119	25	effect	effect	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	26	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	119	27	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	28	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	29	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	119	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	119	31	examining	examine	VERB
ajfa-12768	119	32	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	119	33	effect	effect	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	34	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	119	35	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	36	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	119	37	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	119	38	relation	relation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	39	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	119	40	industry	industry	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	41	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	119	42	specific	specific	ADJ
ajfa-12768	119	43	risks	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	119	44	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	120	1	3	3	X
ajfa-12768	120	2	.	.	X
ajfa-12768	120	3	conclusion	conclusion	NOUN
ajfa-12768	120	4	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	120	5	paper	paper	NOUN
ajfa-12768	120	6	reviews	review	VERB
ajfa-12768	120	7	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	120	8	literature	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	120	9	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	120	10	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	120	11	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	120	12	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	120	13	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	120	14	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	120	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	120	16	either	either	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	120	17	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	120	18	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	120	19	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	120	20	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	120	21	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	120	22	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	120	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	121	1	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	121	2	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	121	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	121	4	literature	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	5	discussed	discuss	VERB
ajfa-12768	121	6	above	above	ADV
ajfa-12768	121	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	121	8	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	121	9	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	10	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	121	11	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	12	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	13	depends	depend	VERB
ajfa-12768	121	14	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	121	15	how	how	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	121	16	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	17	intend	intend	VERB
ajfa-12768	121	18	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	121	19	use	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	121	20	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	121	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	121	22	either	either	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	121	23	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	121	24	maximize	maximize	VERB
ajfa-12768	121	25	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	121	26	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	121	28	avoiding	avoid	VERB
ajfa-12768	121	29	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	30	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	121	31	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	121	33	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	121	34	personal	personal	ADJ
ajfa-12768	121	35	gain	gain	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	36	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	121	37	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	121	38	get	get	VERB
ajfa-12768	121	39	better	well	ADJ
ajfa-12768	121	40	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	41	covenant	covenant	ADJ
ajfa-12768	121	42	terms	term	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	43	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	121	44	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	121	45	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	1	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	2	there	there	PRON
ajfa-12768	122	3	are	be	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	4	relatively	relatively	ADV
ajfa-12768	122	5	plenty	plenty	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	6	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	7	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	8	have	have	AUX
ajfa-12768	122	9	been	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	122	10	examining	examine	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	11	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	122	12	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	13	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	14	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	15	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	17	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	122	18	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	19	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	122	20	needed	need	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	21	as	as	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	22	highlighted	highlight	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	23	below	below	ADV
ajfa-12768	122	24	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	25	•	•	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	26	while	while	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	27	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	122	28	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	29	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	30	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	31	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	32	either	either	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	33	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	34	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	35	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	36	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	37	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	38	can	can	AUX
ajfa-12768	122	39	generally	generally	ADV
ajfa-12768	122	40	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	122	41	attributed	attribute	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	42	into	into	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	43	four	four	NUM
ajfa-12768	122	44	factors	factor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	45	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	46	signaling	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	47	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	48	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	122	49	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	50	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	51	financing	financing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	52	need	need	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	53	;	;	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	54	garbling	garble	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	55	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	56	compensation	compensation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	57	contract	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	58	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	59	avoiding	avoid	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	60	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	61	’	'	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	62	intervention	intervention	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	63	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	64	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	122	65	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	122	66	mixed	mixed	ADJ
ajfa-12768	122	67	evidences	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	68	as	as	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	69	found	find	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	70	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	71	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	122	72	literature	literature	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	73	shows	show	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	74	that	that	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	122	75	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	122	76	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	77	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	122	78	needed	need	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	79	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	122	80	better	well	ADV
ajfa-12768	122	81	understand	understand	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	82	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	122	83	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	84	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	85	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	86	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	87	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	88	each	each	DET
ajfa-12768	122	89	factor	factor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	90	•	•	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	91	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	122	92	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	93	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	94	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	95	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	96	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	122	97	not	not	PART
ajfa-12768	122	98	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	122	99	attributed	attribute	VERB
ajfa-12768	122	100	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	122	101	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	122	102	single	single	ADJ
ajfa-12768	122	103	factor	factor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	122	104	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	123	1	rather	rather	ADV
ajfa-12768	123	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	123	3	managers	manager	NOUN
ajfa-12768	123	4	’	’	PART
ajfa-12768	123	5	decision	decision	NOUN
ajfa-12768	123	6	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	123	7	signal	signal	VERB
ajfa-12768	123	8	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	123	9	garble	garble	ADJ
ajfa-12768	123	10	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	123	11	via	via	ADP
ajfa-12768	123	12	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	123	13	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	123	14	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	123	15	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	123	16	dependent	dependent	ADJ
ajfa-12768	123	17	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	123	18	various	various	ADJ
ajfa-12768	123	19	factors	factor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	123	20	at	at	ADP
ajfa-12768	123	21	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	123	22	time	time	NOUN
ajfa-12768	123	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	124	1	hence	hence	ADV
ajfa-12768	124	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	124	3	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	124	4	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	124	5	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	124	6	want	want	VERB
ajfa-12768	124	7	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	124	8	look	look	VERB
ajfa-12768	124	9	at	at	ADP
ajfa-12768	124	10	which	which	DET
ajfa-12768	124	11	factor	factor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	124	12	dominates	dominate	VERB
ajfa-12768	124	13	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	124	14	multiple	multiple	ADJ
ajfa-12768	124	15	factors	factor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	124	16	arise	arise	VERB
ajfa-12768	124	17	•	•	NOUN
ajfa-12768	124	18	prior	prior	ADJ
ajfa-12768	124	19	researches	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	124	20	rely	rely	VERB
ajfa-12768	124	21	solely	solely	ADV
ajfa-12768	124	22	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	124	23	archival	archival	NOUN
ajfa-12768	124	24	data	datum	NOUN
ajfa-12768	124	25	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	124	26	arriving	arrive	VERB
ajfa-12768	124	27	at	at	ADP
ajfa-12768	124	28	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	124	29	findings	finding	NOUN
ajfa-12768	124	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	125	1	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	125	2	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	3	should	should	AUX
ajfa-12768	125	4	integrate	integrate	VERB
ajfa-12768	125	5	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	6	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	125	7	both	both	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	125	8	secondary	secondary	ADJ
ajfa-12768	125	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	125	10	primary	primary	ADJ
ajfa-12768	125	11	data	datum	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	12	source	source	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	13	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	125	14	get	get	VERB
ajfa-12768	125	15	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	125	16	more	more	ADV
ajfa-12768	125	17	comprehensive	comprehensive	ADJ
ajfa-12768	125	18	picture	picture	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	19	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	125	20	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	125	21	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	22	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	125	23	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	24	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	125	25	•	•	NUM
ajfa-12768	125	26	majority	majority	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	27	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	125	28	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	29	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	125	30	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	31	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	32	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	125	33	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajfa-12768	125	34	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	125	35	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	125	36	us	us	PROPN
ajfa-12768	125	37	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	125	38	european	european	ADJ
ajfa-12768	125	39	countries	country	NOUN
ajfa-12768	125	40	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	1	due	due	ADP
ajfa-12768	126	2	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	126	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	126	4	different	different	ADJ
ajfa-12768	126	5	economic	economic	ADJ
ajfa-12768	126	6	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	8	listing	list	VERB
ajfa-12768	126	9	requirements	requirement	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	126	12	asian	asian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	126	13	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	14	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	126	15	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	126	16	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	126	17	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	126	18	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	126	19	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	126	20	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	21	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	22	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	126	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	24	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	25	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	126	26	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	126	27	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	28	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	126	29	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	30	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	126	31	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	126	32	138	138	NUM
ajfa-12768	126	33	government	government	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	34	policies	policy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	35	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	36	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	126	37	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	38	should	should	AUX
ajfa-12768	126	39	be	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	126	40	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajfa-12768	126	41	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	126	42	countries	country	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	43	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	126	44	emerging	emerge	VERB
ajfa-12768	126	45	economies	economy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	46	references	reference	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	47	acharya	acharya	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	48	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	49	v.	v.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	126	50	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	51	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	126	52	lambrecht	lambrecht	PROPN
ajfa-12768	126	53	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	54	b.	b.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	126	55	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	126	56	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	57	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	126	58	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	126	59	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	127	1	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	127	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ajfa-12768	127	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	127	4	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	127	5	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	127	6	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	127	7	insiders	insider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	127	8	know	know	VERB
ajfa-12768	127	9	more	more	ADJ
ajfa-12768	127	10	than	than	ADP
ajfa-12768	127	11	outsiders	outsider	NOUN
ajfa-12768	127	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	128	1	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	128	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	128	3	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	128	4	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	128	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	128	6	28(9	28(9	NOUN
ajfa-12768	128	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	128	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	128	9	2534	2534	NUM
ajfa-12768	128	10	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	128	11	2574	2574	NUM
ajfa-12768	128	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	129	1	https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhv026	https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhv026	PROPN
ajfa-12768	129	2	amiram	amiram	PROPN
ajfa-12768	129	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	129	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	129	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	129	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	129	7	owens	owens	PROPN
ajfa-12768	129	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	129	9	e.	e.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	129	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	129	11	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	129	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	129	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	130	1	sign	sign	VERB
ajfa-12768	130	2	reversal	reversal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	130	3	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	130	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	130	5	relation	relation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	130	6	between	between	ADP
ajfa-12768	130	7	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	130	8	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	130	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	130	10	cost	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	130	11	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	130	12	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	130	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	131	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	131	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	131	3	business	business	NOUN
ajfa-12768	131	4	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	131	5	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	131	6	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	131	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	131	8	45(1	45(1	NOUN
ajfa-12768	131	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	131	10	2	2	NUM
ajfa-12768	131	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	131	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	131	13	40	40	NUM
ajfa-12768	131	14	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	131	15	71	71	NUM
ajfa-12768	131	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	132	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12295	https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12295	PROPN
ajfa-12768	132	2	atik	atik	PROPN
ajfa-12768	132	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	132	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	132	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	132	6	2009	2009	NUM
ajfa-12768	132	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	132	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	133	1	detecting	detect	VERB
ajfa-12768	133	2	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	133	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	133	4	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	133	5	behaviors	behavior	NOUN
ajfa-12768	133	6	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	133	7	turkish	turkish	ADJ
ajfa-12768	133	8	listed	list	VERB
ajfa-12768	133	9	companies	company	NOUN
ajfa-12768	133	10	through	through	ADP
ajfa-12768	133	11	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	133	12	tests	test	NOUN
ajfa-12768	133	13	using	use	VERB
ajfa-12768	133	14	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
ajfa-12768	133	15	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	133	16	changes	change	NOUN
ajfa-12768	133	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	134	1	critical	critical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	134	2	perspectives	perspective	NOUN
ajfa-12768	134	3	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	134	4	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	134	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	134	6	20(5	20(5	NOUN
ajfa-12768	134	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	134	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	134	9	591	591	NUM
ajfa-12768	134	10	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	134	11	613	613	NUM
ajfa-12768	134	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	134	13	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2008.01.003	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2008.01.003	NOUN
ajfa-12768	134	14	beidleman	beidleman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	134	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	134	16	c.	c.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	134	17	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	134	18	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	134	19	1973	1973	NUM
ajfa-12768	134	20	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	134	21	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	135	1	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	135	2	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	135	3	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	135	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	135	5	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	135	6	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	135	7	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	135	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	136	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	136	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	136	3	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	136	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	136	5	48(4	48(4	NUM
ajfa-12768	136	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	136	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	136	8	653	653	NUM
ajfa-12768	136	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	136	10	667	667	NUM
ajfa-12768	136	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	137	1	http://www.jstor.org/stable/245289	http://www.jstor.org/stable/245289	PROPN
ajfa-12768	137	2	bhattacharya	bhattacharya	PROPN
ajfa-12768	137	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	137	4	u.	u.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	137	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	137	6	daouk	daouk	PROPN
ajfa-12768	137	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	137	8	h.	h.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	137	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	137	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	137	11	welker	welker	PROPN
ajfa-12768	137	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	137	13	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	137	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	137	15	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	137	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	137	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	138	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	138	2	world	world	NOUN
ajfa-12768	138	3	price	price	NOUN
ajfa-12768	138	4	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	138	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	138	6	opacity	opacity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	138	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	139	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	139	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	139	3	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	139	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	139	5	78(3	78(3	NOUN
ajfa-12768	139	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	139	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	139	8	641	641	NUM
ajfa-12768	139	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	139	10	678	678	NUM
ajfa-12768	139	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	140	1	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.3.641	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.3.641	PROPN
ajfa-12768	140	2	bigus	bigus	PROPN
ajfa-12768	140	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	140	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	140	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	140	6	georgiou	georgiou	PROPN
ajfa-12768	140	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	140	8	n.	n.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	140	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	140	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	140	11	schorn	schorn	VERB
ajfa-12768	140	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	140	13	p.	p.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	140	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	140	15	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	140	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	140	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	141	1	legal	legal	ADJ
ajfa-12768	141	2	form	form	NOUN
ajfa-12768	141	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	141	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	141	5	properties	property	NOUN
ajfa-12768	141	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	142	1	european	european	ADJ
ajfa-12768	142	2	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	142	3	review	review	PROPN
ajfa-12768	142	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	142	5	25(3	25(3	NUM
ajfa-12768	142	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	142	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	142	8	515	515	NUM
ajfa-12768	142	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	142	10	548	548	NUM
ajfa-12768	142	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	143	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2015.1051566	https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2015.1051566	PROPN
ajfa-12768	143	2	bigus	bigus	PROPN
ajfa-12768	143	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	143	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	143	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	143	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	143	7	häfele	häfele	PROPN
ajfa-12768	143	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	143	9	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	143	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	143	11	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	143	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	143	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	144	1	shareholder	shareholder	NOUN
ajfa-12768	144	2	loans	loan	NOUN
ajfa-12768	144	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	144	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	144	5	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	144	6	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	144	7	findings	finding	NOUN
ajfa-12768	144	8	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	144	9	german	german	ADJ
ajfa-12768	144	10	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	144	11	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	144	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	145	1	european	european	ADJ
ajfa-12768	145	2	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	145	3	review	review	PROPN
ajfa-12768	145	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	146	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2016.1229206	https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2016.1229206	PROPN
ajfa-12768	146	2	boterenbrood	boterenbrood	PROPN
ajfa-12768	146	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	146	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	146	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	146	6	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	146	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	146	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	147	1	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	147	2	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	147	3	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	147	4	dutch	dutch	ADJ
ajfa-12768	147	5	hhospitals	hhospital	NOUN
ajfa-12768	147	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	148	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	148	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	148	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	148	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	148	5	public	public	ADJ
ajfa-12768	148	6	policy	policy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	148	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	148	8	33(5	33(5	NUM
ajfa-12768	148	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	148	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	148	11	510	510	NUM
ajfa-12768	148	12	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	148	13	524	524	NUM
ajfa-12768	148	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	149	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2014.06.005	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2014.06.005	PROPN
ajfa-12768	149	2	bouwman	bouwman	NOUN
ajfa-12768	149	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	149	4	c.	c.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	149	5	h.	h.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	149	6	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	149	7	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	149	8	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	149	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	149	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	150	1	managerial	managerial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	150	2	optimism	optimism	NOUN
ajfa-12768	150	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	150	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	150	5	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	150	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	151	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	151	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	151	3	banking	banking	NOUN
ajfa-12768	151	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	151	5	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	151	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	151	7	41	41	NUM
ajfa-12768	151	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	151	9	283	283	NUM
ajfa-12768	151	10	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	151	11	303	303	NUM
ajfa-12768	151	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	152	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.12.019	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2013.12.019	VERB
ajfa-12768	152	2	burgstahler	burgstahler	NOUN
ajfa-12768	152	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	152	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	152	5	c.	c.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	152	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	152	7	hail	hail	NOUN
ajfa-12768	152	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	152	9	l.	l.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	152	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	152	11	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	152	12	leuz	leuz	PROPN
ajfa-12768	152	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	152	14	c.	c.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	152	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	152	16	2006	2006	NUM
ajfa-12768	152	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	152	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	153	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	153	2	importance	importance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	153	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	153	4	reporting	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	153	5	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ajfa-12768	153	6	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	153	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	153	8	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	153	9	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	153	10	european	european	PROPN
ajfa-12768	153	11	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	153	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	153	13	public	public	ADJ
ajfa-12768	153	14	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	153	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	154	1	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	154	2	review	review	PROPN
ajfa-12768	154	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	154	4	81(5	81(5	PROPN
ajfa-12768	154	5	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	154	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	154	7	983	983	NUM
ajfa-12768	154	8	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	154	9	1016	1016	NUM
ajfa-12768	154	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	155	1	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.5.983	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.5.983	PROPN
ajfa-12768	155	2	chen	chen	PROPN
ajfa-12768	155	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	155	4	c.	c.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	155	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	155	6	kim	kim	PROPN
ajfa-12768	155	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	155	8	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	155	9	b.	b.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	155	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	155	11	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	155	12	yao	yao	PROPN
ajfa-12768	155	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	155	14	l.	l.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	155	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	155	16	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	155	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	155	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	156	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	156	2	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	156	3	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	156	4	does	do	AUX
ajfa-12768	156	5	it	it	PRON
ajfa-12768	156	6	exacerbate	exacerbate	VERB
ajfa-12768	156	7	or	or	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	156	8	constrain	constrain	VERB
ajfa-12768	156	9	stock	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	156	10	price	price	NOUN
ajfa-12768	156	11	crash	crash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	156	12	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	156	13	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	157	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	157	3	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	157	4	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	157	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	6	42	42	NUM
ajfa-12768	157	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	8	36	36	NUM
ajfa-12768	157	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	157	10	54	54	NUM
ajfa-12768	157	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	12	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.11.004	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.11.004	PROPN
ajfa-12768	157	13	das	das	PROPN
ajfa-12768	157	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	15	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	157	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	17	hong	hong	PROPN
ajfa-12768	157	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	19	k.	k.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	157	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	21	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	157	22	kim	kim	PROPN
ajfa-12768	157	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	24	k.	k.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	157	25	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	26	2013	2013	NUM
ajfa-12768	157	27	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	157	28	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	158	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	158	2	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	158	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	158	4	cash	cash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	158	5	flow	flow	NOUN
ajfa-12768	158	6	volatility	volatility	NOUN
ajfa-12768	158	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	158	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	158	9	ceo	ceo	NOUN
ajfa-12768	158	10	cash	cash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	158	11	bonus	bonus	NOUN
ajfa-12768	158	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	159	1	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	159	2	review	review	PROPN
ajfa-12768	159	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	159	4	48(1	48(1	NOUN
ajfa-12768	159	5	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	159	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	159	7	123	123	NUM
ajfa-12768	159	8	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	159	9	150	150	NUM
ajfa-12768	159	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	160	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2012.00349.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6288.2012.00349.x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	161	1	dechow	dechow	ADJ
ajfa-12768	161	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	161	3	p.	p.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	161	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	161	5	ge	ge	PROPN
ajfa-12768	161	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	161	7	w.	w.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	161	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	161	9	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	161	10	schrand	schrand	PROPN
ajfa-12768	161	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	161	12	c.	c.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	161	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	161	14	2010	2010	NUM
ajfa-12768	161	15	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	161	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	162	1	understanding	understand	VERB
ajfa-12768	162	2	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	162	3	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	162	4	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	162	5	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	162	6	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	162	7	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	162	8	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	162	9	proxies	proxy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	162	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	162	11	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	162	12	determinants	determinant	NOUN
ajfa-12768	162	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	162	14	their	their	PRON
ajfa-12768	162	15	consequences	consequence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	162	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	163	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	163	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	163	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	163	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	163	5	economics	economic	NOUN
ajfa-12768	163	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	163	7	asian	asian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	163	8	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	163	9	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	163	10	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	163	11	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	163	12	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	163	13	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	163	14	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	15	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	163	16	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	163	17	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	163	19	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	163	20	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	163	21	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	22	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	163	23	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	163	24	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	163	25	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	26	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	163	27	139	139	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	28	50(2	50(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	29	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	163	30	3	3	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	31	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	163	32	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	163	33	344	344	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	34	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	163	35	401	401	NUM
ajfa-12768	163	36	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	164	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.001	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.09.001	NOUN
ajfa-12768	164	2	defond	defond	NOUN
ajfa-12768	164	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	164	4	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	164	5	l.	l.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	164	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	164	7	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	164	8	park	park	PROPN
ajfa-12768	164	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	164	10	c.	c.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	164	11	w.	w.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	164	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	164	13	1997	1997	NUM
ajfa-12768	164	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	164	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	165	1	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	165	2	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	165	3	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	165	4	anticipation	anticipation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	165	5	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	165	6	future	future	ADJ
ajfa-12768	165	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	165	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	166	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	166	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	166	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	166	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	166	5	economics	economic	NOUN
ajfa-12768	166	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	166	7	23(2	23(2	NOUN
ajfa-12768	166	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	166	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	166	10	115	115	NUM
ajfa-12768	166	11	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	166	12	139	139	NUM
ajfa-12768	166	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(97)00004-9	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(97)00004-9	PROPN
ajfa-12768	167	2	dejong	dejong	NOUN
ajfa-12768	167	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	167	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	6	mertens	mertens	PROPN
ajfa-12768	167	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	8	g.	g.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	167	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	10	van	van	PROPN
ajfa-12768	167	11	der	der	PROPN
ajfa-12768	167	12	poel	poel	NOUN
ajfa-12768	167	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	14	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	167	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	16	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	167	17	van	van	PROPN
ajfa-12768	167	18	dijk	dijk	PROPN
ajfa-12768	167	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	20	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	167	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	22	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	167	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	167	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	168	1	how	how	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	168	2	does	do	VERB
ajfa-12768	168	3	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	168	4	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	168	5	influence	influence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	168	6	investor	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	168	7	’s	’s	PART
ajfa-12768	168	8	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ajfa-12768	168	9	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	168	10	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	168	11	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	168	12	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	169	1	survey	survey	NOUN
ajfa-12768	169	2	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	169	3	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	169	4	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	169	5	analysts	analyst	NOUN
ajfa-12768	169	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	170	1	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	170	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	170	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	170	4	studies	study	NOUN
ajfa-12768	170	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	170	6	19(2	19(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	170	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	170	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	170	9	606	606	NUM
ajfa-12768	170	10	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	170	11	627	627	NUM
ajfa-12768	170	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	171	1	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-013-9250-y	https://doi.org/10.1007/s11142-013-9250-y	PROPN
ajfa-12768	171	2	dhole	dhole	PROPN
ajfa-12768	171	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	171	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	171	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	171	6	manchiraju	manchiraju	PROPN
ajfa-12768	171	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	171	8	h.	h.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	171	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	171	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	171	11	suk	suk	PROPN
ajfa-12768	171	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	171	13	i.	i.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	171	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	171	15	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	171	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	171	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	172	1	ceo	ceo	PROPN
ajfa-12768	172	2	inside	inside	ADP
ajfa-12768	172	3	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	172	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	172	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	172	6	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	172	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	173	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	173	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	173	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	173	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	173	5	auditing	auditing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	173	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	173	7	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	173	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	173	9	31(4	31(4	NUM
ajfa-12768	173	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	173	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	173	12	515	515	NUM
ajfa-12768	173	13	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	173	14	550	550	NUM
ajfa-12768	173	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	174	1	http://doi.org/10.1177/0148558x15596907	http://doi.org/10.1177/0148558x15596907	PROPN
ajfa-12768	174	2	di	di	PROPN
ajfa-12768	174	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	174	4	h.	h.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	174	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	174	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	174	7	marciukaityte	marciukaityte	PROPN
ajfa-12768	174	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	174	9	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	174	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	174	11	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	174	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	174	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	175	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	175	2	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	175	3	around	around	ADP
ajfa-12768	175	4	open	open	ADJ
ajfa-12768	175	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	175	6	market	market	NOUN
ajfa-12768	175	7	share	share	NOUN
ajfa-12768	175	8	repurchases	repurchase	NOUN
ajfa-12768	175	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	176	1	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	176	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	176	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	176	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	176	5	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	176	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	176	7	14(1	14(1	NUM
ajfa-12768	176	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	176	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	176	10	64	64	NUM
ajfa-12768	176	11	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	176	12	80	80	NUM
ajfa-12768	176	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	177	1	https://doi.org/10.1108/raf-10-2012-0111	https://doi.org/10.1108/raf-10-2012-0111	VERB
ajfa-12768	177	2	dou	dou	PROPN
ajfa-12768	177	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	177	4	y.	y.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	177	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	177	6	hope	hope	NOUN
ajfa-12768	177	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	177	8	o.	o.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	177	9	k.	k.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	177	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	177	11	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	177	12	thomas	thomas	PROPN
ajfa-12768	177	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	177	14	w.	w.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	177	15	b.	b.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	177	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	177	17	2013	2013	NUM
ajfa-12768	177	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	177	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	178	1	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ajfa-12768	178	2	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	178	3	specificity	specificity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	178	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	178	5	contract	contract	NOUN
ajfa-12768	178	6	enforceability	enforceability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	178	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	178	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	178	9	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	178	10	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	178	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	179	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	179	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	179	3	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	179	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	179	5	88(5	88(5	PROPN
ajfa-12768	179	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	179	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	179	8	1629	1629	NUM
ajfa-12768	179	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	179	10	1656	1656	NUM
ajfa-12768	179	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	180	1	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50489	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50489	PROPN
ajfa-12768	180	2	erickson	erickson	PROPN
ajfa-12768	180	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	180	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	180	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	180	6	hewitt	hewitt	PROPN
ajfa-12768	180	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	180	8	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	180	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	180	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	180	11	maines	maines	PROPN
ajfa-12768	180	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	180	13	l.	l.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	180	14	a.	a.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	180	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	180	16	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	180	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	180	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	181	1	do	do	AUX
ajfa-12768	181	2	investors	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	181	3	perceive	perceive	VERB
ajfa-12768	181	4	low	low	ADJ
ajfa-12768	181	5	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	181	6	when	when	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	181	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	181	8	are	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	181	9	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	181	10	relative	relative	ADJ
ajfa-12768	181	11	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	181	12	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	181	13	volatility	volatility	NOUN
ajfa-12768	181	14	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	181	15	operating	operate	VERB
ajfa-12768	181	16	cash	cash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	181	17	flows	flow	NOUN
ajfa-12768	181	18	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	182	1	discerning	discern	VERB
ajfa-12768	182	2	opportunity	opportunity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	182	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	182	4	incentive	incentive	NOUN
ajfa-12768	182	5	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	182	6	report	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	182	7	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	182	8	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	182	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	183	1	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	183	2	review	review	PROPN
ajfa-12768	183	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	183	4	92(3	92(3	NOUN
ajfa-12768	183	5	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	183	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	183	7	137	137	NUM
ajfa-12768	183	8	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	183	9	154	154	NUM
ajfa-12768	183	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	184	1	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51568	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-51568	PROPN
ajfa-12768	184	2	ewert	ewert	PROPN
ajfa-12768	184	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	184	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	184	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	184	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	184	7	wagenhofer	wagenhofer	VERB
ajfa-12768	184	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	184	9	a.	a.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	184	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	184	11	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	184	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	184	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	185	1	economic	economic	ADJ
ajfa-12768	185	2	relations	relation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	185	3	among	among	ADP
ajfa-12768	185	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	185	5	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	185	6	measures	measure	NOUN
ajfa-12768	185	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	1	abacus	abacus	PROPN
ajfa-12768	186	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	3	51(3	51(3	NUM
ajfa-12768	186	4	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	6	311	311	NUM
ajfa-12768	186	7	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	186	8	355	355	NUM
ajfa-12768	186	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	10	https://doi.org/10.1111/abac.12054	https://doi.org/10.1111/abac.12054	PROPN
ajfa-12768	186	11	francis	francis	PROPN
ajfa-12768	186	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	13	b.	b.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	186	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	15	hasan	hasan	PROPN
ajfa-12768	186	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	17	i.	i.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	186	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	19	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	186	20	li	li	PROPN
ajfa-12768	186	21	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	22	l.	l.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	186	23	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	24	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	186	25	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	186	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	187	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	187	2	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	187	3	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	187	4	existence	existence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	187	5	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	187	6	downward	downward	ADJ
ajfa-12768	187	7	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	187	8	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	187	9	activity	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	187	10	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	187	11	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	187	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	188	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	188	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	188	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	188	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	188	5	auditing	auditing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	188	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	188	7	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	188	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	188	9	31(2	31(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	188	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	188	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	188	12	212	212	NUM
ajfa-12768	188	13	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	188	14	248	248	NUM
ajfa-12768	188	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	189	1	https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558x15582086	https://doi.org/10.1177/0148558x15582086	PROPN
ajfa-12768	189	2	fudenberg	fudenberg	PROPN
ajfa-12768	189	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	189	4	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	189	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	189	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	189	7	tirole	tirole	PROPN
ajfa-12768	189	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	189	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	189	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	189	11	1995	1995	NUM
ajfa-12768	189	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	189	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	190	1	a	a	DET
ajfa-12768	190	2	theory	theory	NOUN
ajfa-12768	190	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	190	4	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	190	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	190	6	dividend	dividend	NOUN
ajfa-12768	190	7	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	190	8	based	base	VERB
ajfa-12768	190	9	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	190	10	incumbency	incumbency	NOUN
ajfa-12768	190	11	rents	rent	NOUN
ajfa-12768	190	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	191	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	191	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	191	3	political	political	ADJ
ajfa-12768	191	4	economy	economy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	191	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	191	6	103(1	103(1	NUM
ajfa-12768	191	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	191	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	191	9	75	75	NUM
ajfa-12768	191	10	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	191	11	93	93	NUM
ajfa-12768	191	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	1	https://doi.org/10.1086/261976	https://doi.org/10.1086/261976	VERB
ajfa-12768	192	2	garcía	garcía	NOUN
ajfa-12768	192	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	4	teruel	teruel	NOUN
ajfa-12768	192	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	6	p.	p.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	7	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	9	martínez	martínez	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	11	solano	solano	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	13	p.	p.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	15	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	192	16	sánchez	sánchez	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	17	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	18	ballesta	ballesta	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	20	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	21	p.	p.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	192	22	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	23	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	192	24	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	192	25	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	193	1	supplier	supplier	NOUN
ajfa-12768	193	2	financing	financing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	193	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	193	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	193	5	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	193	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	194	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	194	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	194	3	business	business	NOUN
ajfa-12768	194	4	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	194	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	194	6	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	194	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	194	8	41(9	41(9	NOUN
ajfa-12768	194	9	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	194	10	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	194	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	194	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	194	13	1193	1193	NUM
ajfa-12768	194	14	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	194	15	1211	1211	NUM
ajfa-12768	194	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	195	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12090	https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12090	PROPN
ajfa-12768	195	2	gassen	gassen	PROPN
ajfa-12768	195	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	195	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	195	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	195	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	195	7	fülbier	fülbier	NOUN
ajfa-12768	195	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	195	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	195	10	u.	u.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	195	11	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	195	12	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	195	13	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	195	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	196	1	do	do	AUX
ajfa-12768	196	2	creditors	creditor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	196	3	prefer	prefer	VERB
ajfa-12768	196	4	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	196	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	196	6	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	197	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	197	2	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	197	3	european	european	ADJ
ajfa-12768	197	4	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	197	5	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	197	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	198	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	198	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	198	3	international	international	ADJ
ajfa-12768	198	4	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	198	5	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	198	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	198	7	14(2	14(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	198	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	198	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	198	10	151	151	NUM
ajfa-12768	198	11	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	198	12	180	180	NUM
ajfa-12768	198	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	199	1	https://doi.org/10.2308/jiar-51130	https://doi.org/10.2308/jiar-51130	PROPN
ajfa-12768	199	2	gassen	gassen	PROPN
ajfa-12768	199	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	199	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	199	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	199	6	fulbier	fulbier	NOUN
ajfa-12768	199	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	199	8	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	199	9	u.	u.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	199	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	199	11	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	199	12	sellhorn	sellhorn	VERB
ajfa-12768	199	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	199	14	t.	t.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	199	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	199	16	2006	2006	NUM
ajfa-12768	199	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	199	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	200	1	international	international	ADJ
ajfa-12768	200	2	differences	difference	NOUN
ajfa-12768	200	3	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	200	4	conditional	conditional	ADJ
ajfa-12768	200	5	conservatism	conservatism	NOUN
ajfa-12768	200	6	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	200	7	role	role	NOUN
ajfa-12768	200	8	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	200	9	unconditional	unconditional	ADJ
ajfa-12768	200	10	conservatism	conservatism	NOUN
ajfa-12768	200	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	200	12	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	200	13	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	200	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	201	1	european	european	ADJ
ajfa-12768	201	2	asian	asian	PROPN
ajfa-12768	201	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	201	4	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	201	5	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	201	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	201	7	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	201	8	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	201	9	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	201	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	201	11	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	201	12	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	201	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	201	14	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	201	15	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	202	1	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	202	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	202	3	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	202	4	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	202	5	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	202	6	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	202	7	140	140	NUM
ajfa-12768	202	8	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	202	9	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	202	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	202	11	15(4	15(4	NUM
ajfa-12768	202	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	202	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	202	14	527	527	NUM
ajfa-12768	202	15	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	202	16	564	564	NUM
ajfa-12768	202	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	203	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180601102107	https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180601102107	PROPN
ajfa-12768	203	2	gill	gill	PROPN
ajfa-12768	203	3	de	de	X
ajfa-12768	203	4	albornoz	albornoz	PROPN
ajfa-12768	203	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	203	6	b.	b.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	203	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	203	8	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	203	9	alcarria	alcarria	PROPN
ajfa-12768	203	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	203	11	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	203	12	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	203	13	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	203	14	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	203	15	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	203	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	204	1	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajfa-12768	204	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	204	3	diagnosis	diagnosis	NOUN
ajfa-12768	204	4	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	204	5	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	204	6	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	204	7	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	204	8	spain	spain	PROPN
ajfa-12768	204	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	205	1	european	european	PROPN
ajfa-12768	205	2	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	205	3	review	review	PROPN
ajfa-12768	205	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	205	5	12(3	12(3	NUM
ajfa-12768	205	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	205	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	205	8	443	443	NUM
ajfa-12768	205	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	205	10	463	463	NUM
ajfa-12768	205	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	206	1	https://doi.org/10.1080/0963818022000001154	https://doi.org/10.1080/0963818022000001154	PROPN
ajfa-12768	207	1	goel	goel	PROPN
ajfa-12768	207	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	207	3	a.	a.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	207	4	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	207	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	207	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	207	7	thakor	thakor	PROPN
ajfa-12768	207	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	207	9	a.	a.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	207	10	v.	v.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	207	11	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	207	12	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	207	13	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	207	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	208	1	why	why	SCONJ
ajfa-12768	208	2	do	do	AUX
ajfa-12768	208	3	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	208	4	smooth	smooth	ADJ
ajfa-12768	208	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	208	6	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	209	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	209	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	209	3	business	business	NOUN
ajfa-12768	209	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	209	5	76(1	76(1	PROPN
ajfa-12768	209	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	209	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	209	8	151	151	NUM
ajfa-12768	209	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	209	10	192	192	NUM
ajfa-12768	209	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	210	1	http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/344117	http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/344117	NUM
ajfa-12768	210	2	graham	graham	PROPN
ajfa-12768	210	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	210	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	210	5	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	210	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	210	7	harvey	harvey	PROPN
ajfa-12768	210	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	210	9	c.	c.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	210	10	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	210	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	210	12	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	210	13	rajgopal	rajgopal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	210	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	210	15	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	210	16	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	210	17	2005	2005	NUM
ajfa-12768	210	18	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	210	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	211	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	211	2	economic	economic	ADJ
ajfa-12768	211	3	implications	implication	NOUN
ajfa-12768	211	4	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	211	5	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	211	6	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	211	7	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	211	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	212	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	212	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	212	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	212	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	212	5	economics	economic	NOUN
ajfa-12768	212	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	212	7	40(1	40(1	NOUN
ajfa-12768	212	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	212	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	212	10	3	3	NUM
ajfa-12768	212	11	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	212	12	73	73	NUM
ajfa-12768	212	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	213	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2005.01.002	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2005.01.002	PROPN
ajfa-12768	213	2	grant	grant	NOUN
ajfa-12768	213	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	213	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	213	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	213	6	markarian	markarian	PROPN
ajfa-12768	213	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	213	8	g.	g.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	213	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	213	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	213	11	parbonetti	parbonetti	PROPN
ajfa-12768	213	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	213	13	a.	a.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	213	14	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	213	15	2009	2009	NUM
ajfa-12768	213	16	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	213	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	214	1	ceo	ceo	NOUN
ajfa-12768	214	2	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	214	3	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	214	4	related	relate	VERB
ajfa-12768	214	5	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ajfa-12768	214	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	214	7	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	214	8	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	214	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	215	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ajfa-12768	215	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	215	3	research	research	PROPN
ajfa-12768	215	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	215	5	26(4	26(4	NUM
ajfa-12768	215	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	215	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	215	8	1029	1029	NUM
ajfa-12768	215	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	215	10	1065	1065	NUM
ajfa-12768	215	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	216	1	https://doi.org/10.1506/car.26.4.2	https://doi.org/10.1506/car.26.4.2	PROPN
ajfa-12768	216	2	healy	healy	PROPN
ajfa-12768	216	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	216	4	p.	p.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	216	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	216	6	1985	1985	NUM
ajfa-12768	216	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	216	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	217	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	217	2	effect	effect	NOUN
ajfa-12768	217	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	217	4	bonus	bonus	NOUN
ajfa-12768	217	5	schemes	scheme	NOUN
ajfa-12768	217	6	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	217	7	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	217	8	decisions	decision	NOUN
ajfa-12768	217	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	218	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	218	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	218	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	218	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	218	5	economics	economic	NOUN
ajfa-12768	218	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	218	7	7(1	7(1	NUM
ajfa-12768	218	8	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	218	9	3	3	NUM
ajfa-12768	218	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	218	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	218	12	85	85	NUM
ajfa-12768	218	13	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	218	14	107	107	NUM
ajfa-12768	218	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	219	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(85)90029-1	https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(85)90029-1	PROPN
ajfa-12768	219	2	hepworth	hepworth	PROPN
ajfa-12768	219	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	219	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	219	5	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	219	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	219	7	1953	1953	NUM
ajfa-12768	219	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	219	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	220	1	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	220	2	periodic	periodic	ADJ
ajfa-12768	220	3	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	220	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	221	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	221	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	221	3	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	221	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	221	5	28(1	28(1	NOUN
ajfa-12768	221	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	221	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	221	8	32	32	NUM
ajfa-12768	221	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	221	10	39	39	NUM
ajfa-12768	221	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	222	1	http://www.jstor.org/stable/241436	http://www.jstor.org/stable/241436	NOUN
ajfa-12768	222	2	houcine	houcine	NOUN
ajfa-12768	222	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	222	4	a.	a.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	222	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	222	6	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	222	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	222	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	223	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	223	2	effect	effect	NOUN
ajfa-12768	223	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	223	4	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	223	5	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	223	6	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	223	7	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	223	8	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	223	9	investment	investment	NOUN
ajfa-12768	223	10	efficiency	efficiency	NOUN
ajfa-12768	223	11	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	223	12	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	223	13	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	223	14	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	223	15	tunisian	tunisian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	223	16	stock	stock	PROPN
ajfa-12768	223	17	mmarket	mmarket	PROPN
ajfa-12768	223	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	224	1	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	224	2	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	224	3	international	international	ADJ
ajfa-12768	224	4	business	business	NOUN
ajfa-12768	224	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	224	6	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	224	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	224	8	42(july	42(july	NUM
ajfa-12768	224	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	224	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	224	11	321	321	NUM
ajfa-12768	224	12	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	224	13	337	337	NUM
ajfa-12768	224	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.066	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2017.07.066	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	2	huang	huang	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	4	p.	p.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	6	zhang	zhang	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	8	y.	y.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	10	deis	deis	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	12	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	13	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	15	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	225	16	moffitt	moffitt	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	18	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	19	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	225	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	21	2009	2009	NUM
ajfa-12768	225	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	225	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	226	1	do	do	VERB
ajfa-12768	226	2	artificial	artificial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	226	3	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	226	4	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	226	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	226	6	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	226	7	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	226	8	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	226	9	contribute	contribute	VERB
ajfa-12768	226	10	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	226	11	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	226	12	value	value	NOUN
ajfa-12768	226	13	equivalently	equivalently	ADV
ajfa-12768	226	14	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	227	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	227	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	227	3	banking	banking	NOUN
ajfa-12768	227	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	227	5	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	227	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	227	7	33(2	33(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	227	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	227	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	227	10	224	224	NUM
ajfa-12768	227	11	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	227	12	233	233	NUM
ajfa-12768	227	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	228	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2008.07.012	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2008.07.012	PROPN
ajfa-12768	228	2	huang	huang	PROPN
ajfa-12768	228	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	228	4	z.	z.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	228	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	228	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	228	7	xue	xue	PROPN
ajfa-12768	228	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	228	9	q.	q.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	228	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	228	11	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	228	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	228	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	229	1	re	re	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	1	-	-	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	2	examination	examination	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	230	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	230	5	effect	effect	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	6	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	230	7	ownership	ownership	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	8	structure	structure	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	9	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	230	10	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	230	11	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	12	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	230	13	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	14	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	230	15	share	share	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	16	pledges	pledge	NOUN
ajfa-12768	230	17	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	230	18	china	china	PROPN
ajfa-12768	230	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	231	1	china	china	PROPN
ajfa-12768	231	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	231	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	231	4	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	231	5	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	231	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	231	7	9(2	9(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	231	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	231	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	231	10	137	137	NUM
ajfa-12768	231	11	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	231	12	152	152	NUM
ajfa-12768	231	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	232	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2015.11.001	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2015.11.001	PROPN
ajfa-12768	232	2	jung	jung	PROPN
ajfa-12768	232	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	232	4	b.	b.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	232	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	232	6	soderstrom	soderstrom	PROPN
ajfa-12768	232	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	232	8	n.	n.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	232	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	232	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	232	11	yang	yang	PROPN
ajfa-12768	232	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	232	13	y.	y.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	232	14	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	232	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	232	16	2013	2013	NUM
ajfa-12768	232	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	232	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	233	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	233	2	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	233	3	activities	activity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	233	4	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	233	5	firms	firm	NOUN
ajfa-12768	233	6	to	to	PART
ajfa-12768	233	7	manage	manage	VERB
ajfa-12768	233	8	credit	credit	NOUN
ajfa-12768	233	9	ratings	rating	NOUN
ajfa-12768	233	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	234	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ajfa-12768	234	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	234	3	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	234	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	234	5	30(2	30(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	234	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	234	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	234	8	645	645	NUM
ajfa-12768	234	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	234	10	676	676	NUM
ajfa-12768	234	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	235	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01170.x	https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.2012.01170.x	PROPN
ajfa-12768	235	2	khalil	khalil	PROPN
ajfa-12768	235	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	235	4	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	235	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	235	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	235	7	simon	simon	PROPN
ajfa-12768	235	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	235	9	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	235	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	235	11	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	235	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	235	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	236	1	efficient	efficient	ADJ
ajfa-12768	236	2	contracting	contracting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	236	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	236	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	236	5	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	236	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	236	7	managerial	managerial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	236	8	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	236	9	discretion	discretion	NOUN
ajfa-12768	236	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	237	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	237	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	237	3	applied	apply	VERB
ajfa-12768	237	4	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	237	5	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	237	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	237	7	15(1	15(1	NUM
ajfa-12768	237	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	237	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	237	10	100	100	NUM
ajfa-12768	237	11	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	237	12	123	123	NUM
ajfa-12768	237	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	238	1	https://doi.org/10.1108/jaar-06-2012-0050	https://doi.org/10.1108/jaar-06-2012-0050	PROPN
ajfa-12768	238	2	khurana	khurana	PROPN
ajfa-12768	238	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	238	4	i.	i.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	238	5	k.	k.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	238	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	238	7	pereira	pereira	PROPN
ajfa-12768	238	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	238	9	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	238	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	238	11	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	238	12	zhang	zhang	PROPN
ajfa-12768	238	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	238	14	e.	e.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	238	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	238	16	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	238	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	238	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	239	1	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	239	2	real	real	ADJ
ajfa-12768	239	3	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	239	4	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	239	5	harmful	harmful	ADJ
ajfa-12768	239	6	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	240	1	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	240	2	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	240	3	firm	firm	ADJ
ajfa-12768	240	4	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	240	5	sspecific	sspecific	ADJ
ajfa-12768	240	6	stock	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	240	7	price	price	NOUN
ajfa-12768	240	8	crash	crash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	240	9	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	240	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	241	1	contemporary	contemporary	ADJ
ajfa-12768	241	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	241	3	research	research	PROPN
ajfa-12768	241	4	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	242	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.12426	https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.12426	X
ajfa-12768	243	1	kirschenheiter	kirschenheiter	NOUN
ajfa-12768	243	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	243	3	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	243	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	243	5	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	243	6	melumad	melumad	PROPN
ajfa-12768	243	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	243	8	n.	n.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	243	9	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	243	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	243	11	2002	2002	NUM
ajfa-12768	243	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	243	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	244	1	can	can	AUX
ajfa-12768	244	2	“	"	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	244	3	big	big	ADJ
ajfa-12768	244	4	bath	bath	NOUN
ajfa-12768	244	5	”	"	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	244	6	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	244	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	244	8	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	244	9	co	co	NOUN
ajfa-12768	244	10	-	-	NOUN
ajfa-12768	244	11	exist	exist	VERB
ajfa-12768	244	12	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	244	13	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
ajfa-12768	244	14	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	244	15	reporting	reporting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	244	16	strategies	strategy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	244	17	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	245	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	245	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	245	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	245	4	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	245	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	245	6	40(3	40(3	NUM
ajfa-12768	245	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	245	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	245	9	761	761	NUM
ajfa-12768	245	10	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	245	11	796	796	NUM
ajfa-12768	245	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	246	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679x.00070	https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679x.00070	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	2	asian	asian	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	4	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	246	5	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	246	7	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	8	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	9	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	246	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	246	11	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	246	12	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	246	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	246	14	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	246	15	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	16	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	246	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	246	18	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	246	19	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	246	20	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	246	21	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	ADJ
ajfa-12768	246	22	141	141	NUM
ajfa-12768	246	23	lambert	lambert	NOUN
ajfa-12768	246	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	246	25	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	26	a.	a.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	246	27	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	246	28	1984	1984	NUM
ajfa-12768	246	29	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	246	30	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	247	1	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	247	2	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	247	3	as	as	ADP
ajfa-12768	247	4	rational	rational	ADJ
ajfa-12768	247	5	equilibrium	equilibrium	NOUN
ajfa-12768	247	6	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajfa-12768	247	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	248	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	248	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	248	3	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	248	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	248	5	59(4	59(4	NUM
ajfa-12768	248	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	248	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	248	8	604	604	NUM
ajfa-12768	248	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	248	10	618	618	NUM
ajfa-12768	248	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	249	1	http://www.jstor.org/stable/247322	http://www.jstor.org/stable/247322	PROPN
ajfa-12768	249	2	leuz	leuz	PROPN
ajfa-12768	249	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	249	4	c.	c.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	249	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	249	6	nanda	nanda	PROPN
ajfa-12768	249	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	249	8	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	249	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	249	10	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	249	11	wysocki	wysocki	PROPN
ajfa-12768	249	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	249	13	p.	p.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	249	14	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	249	15	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	249	16	2003	2003	NUM
ajfa-12768	249	17	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	249	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	250	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	250	2	management	management	NOUN
ajfa-12768	250	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	250	4	investor	investor	NOUN
ajfa-12768	250	5	protection	protection	NOUN
ajfa-12768	250	6	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	250	7	an	an	DET
ajfa-12768	250	8	international	international	ADJ
ajfa-12768	250	9	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ajfa-12768	250	10	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	251	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	251	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	251	3	financial	financial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	251	4	economics	economic	NOUN
ajfa-12768	251	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	251	6	69(3	69(3	NUM
ajfa-12768	251	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	251	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	251	9	505	505	NUM
ajfa-12768	251	10	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	251	11	527	527	NUM
ajfa-12768	251	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	252	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(03)00121-1	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-405x(03)00121-1	PROPN
ajfa-12768	252	2	lev	lev	PROPN
ajfa-12768	252	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	252	4	b.	b.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	252	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	252	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	252	7	kunitzky	kunitzky	PROPN
ajfa-12768	252	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	252	9	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	252	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	252	11	1974	1974	NUM
ajfa-12768	252	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	252	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	253	1	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	253	2	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	253	3	association	association	NOUN
ajfa-12768	253	4	between	between	ADP
ajfa-12768	253	5	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	253	6	measures	measure	NOUN
ajfa-12768	253	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	253	8	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	253	9	risk	risk	NOUN
ajfa-12768	253	10	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	253	11	common	common	ADJ
ajfa-12768	253	12	stocks	stock	NOUN
ajfa-12768	253	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	254	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	254	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	254	3	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	254	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	254	5	49(2	49(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	254	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	254	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	254	8	259	259	NUM
ajfa-12768	254	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	254	10	270	270	NUM
ajfa-12768	254	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	255	1	http://www.jstor.org/stable/245100	http://www.jstor.org/stable/245100	PROPN
ajfa-12768	255	2	li	li	PROPN
ajfa-12768	255	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	255	4	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	255	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	255	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	255	7	richie	richie	PROPN
ajfa-12768	255	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	255	9	n.	n.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	255	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	255	11	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	255	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	255	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	256	1	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	256	2	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	256	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	256	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	256	5	cost	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	256	6	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	256	7	debt	debt	NOUN
ajfa-12768	256	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	257	1	china	china	PROPN
ajfa-12768	257	2	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	257	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	257	4	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	257	5	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	257	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	257	7	9(3	9(3	NUM
ajfa-12768	257	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	257	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	257	10	175	175	NUM
ajfa-12768	257	11	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	257	12	190	190	NUM
ajfa-12768	257	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	258	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2016.03.001	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjar.2016.03.001	VERB
ajfa-12768	258	2	mcinnis	mcinnis	PROPN
ajfa-12768	258	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	258	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	258	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	258	6	2010	2010	NUM
ajfa-12768	258	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	258	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	259	1	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	259	2	smoothness	smoothness	PROPN
ajfa-12768	259	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	259	4	average	average	ADJ
ajfa-12768	259	5	returns	return	NOUN
ajfa-12768	259	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	259	7	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	259	8	implied	imply	VERB
ajfa-12768	259	9	cost	cost	NOUN
ajfa-12768	259	10	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	259	11	equity	equity	NOUN
ajfa-12768	259	12	capital	capital	NOUN
ajfa-12768	259	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	260	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	260	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	260	3	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	260	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	260	5	85(1	85(1	NOUN
ajfa-12768	260	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	260	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	260	8	315	315	NUM
ajfa-12768	260	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	260	10	341	341	NUM
ajfa-12768	260	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	261	1	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.1.315	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.1.315	PROPN
ajfa-12768	261	2	safdar	safdar	PROPN
ajfa-12768	261	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	261	4	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	261	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	261	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	261	7	yan	yan	PROPN
ajfa-12768	261	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	261	9	c.	c.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	261	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	261	11	2016	2016	NUM
ajfa-12768	261	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	261	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	262	1	managing	manage	VERB
ajfa-12768	262	2	accruals	accrual	NOUN
ajfa-12768	262	3	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	262	4	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	262	5	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	262	6	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	262	7	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ajfa-12768	262	8	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	262	9	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	262	10	pakistan	pakistan	PROPN
ajfa-12768	262	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	263	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	263	3	accounting	account	VERB
ajfa-12768	263	4	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	263	5	emerging	emerge	VERB
ajfa-12768	263	6	economies	economy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	263	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	8	6(4	6(4	NOUN
ajfa-12768	263	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	11	372	372	NUM
ajfa-12768	263	12	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	263	13	387	387	NUM
ajfa-12768	263	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	15	https://doi.org/10.1108/jaee-07-2014-0038	https://doi.org/10.1108/jaee-07-2014-0038	PROPN
ajfa-12768	263	16	sankar	sankar	PROPN
ajfa-12768	263	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	18	m.	m.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	263	19	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	263	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	21	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	263	22	subramanyam	subramanyam	PROPN
ajfa-12768	263	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	24	k.	k.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	263	25	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	263	26	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	27	2001	2001	NUM
ajfa-12768	263	28	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	263	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	264	1	reporting	report	VERB
ajfa-12768	264	2	discretion	discretion	NOUN
ajfa-12768	264	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	264	4	private	private	ADJ
ajfa-12768	264	5	information	information	NOUN
ajfa-12768	264	6	communication	communication	NOUN
ajfa-12768	264	7	through	through	ADP
ajfa-12768	264	8	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	264	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	265	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	265	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	265	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	265	4	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	265	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	265	6	39(2	39(2	NUM
ajfa-12768	265	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	265	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	265	9	365	365	NUM
ajfa-12768	265	10	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	265	11	386	386	NUM
ajfa-12768	265	12	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	266	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679x.00017	https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-679x.00017	NOUN
ajfa-12768	266	2	shubita	shubita	NOUN
ajfa-12768	266	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	266	4	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	266	5	f.	f.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	266	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	266	7	2015	2015	NUM
ajfa-12768	266	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	266	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	267	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	267	2	impact	impact	NOUN
ajfa-12768	267	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	267	4	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	267	5	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	267	6	on	on	ADP
ajfa-12768	267	7	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	267	8	quality	quality	NOUN
ajfa-12768	267	9	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	267	10	emerging	emerge	VERB
ajfa-12768	267	11	markets	market	NOUN
ajfa-12768	267	12	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	267	13	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	267	14	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	267	15	gcc	gcc	NOUN
ajfa-12768	267	16	markets	market	NOUN
ajfa-12768	267	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	268	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	268	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	268	3	accounting	account	VERB
ajfa-12768	268	4	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	268	5	emerging	emerge	VERB
ajfa-12768	268	6	economies	economy	NOUN
ajfa-12768	268	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	268	8	5(3	5(3	NUM
ajfa-12768	268	9	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	268	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	268	11	299	299	NUM
ajfa-12768	268	12	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	268	13	324	324	NUM
ajfa-12768	268	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	269	1	https://doi.org/10.1108/jaee-04-2011-0011	https://doi.org/10.1108/jaee-04-2011-0011	PROPN
ajfa-12768	269	2	shuto	shuto	PROPN
ajfa-12768	269	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	269	4	a.	a.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	269	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	269	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	269	7	iwasaki	iwasaki	PROPN
ajfa-12768	269	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	269	9	t.	t.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	269	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	269	11	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	269	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	269	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	270	1	stable	stable	ADJ
ajfa-12768	270	2	shareholdings	shareholding	NOUN
ajfa-12768	270	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	270	4	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	270	5	decision	decision	NOUN
ajfa-12768	270	6	horizon	horizon	NOUN
ajfa-12768	270	7	problem	problem	NOUN
ajfa-12768	270	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	270	9	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	270	10	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	270	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	271	1	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	271	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	271	3	business	business	NOUN
ajfa-12768	271	4	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	271	5	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	271	6	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	271	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	271	8	41(9	41(9	PROPN
ajfa-12768	271	9	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	271	10	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	271	11	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	271	12	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	271	13	1212	1212	NUM
ajfa-12768	271	14	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	271	15	1242	1242	NUM
ajfa-12768	271	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	272	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12091	https://doi.org/10.1111/jbfa.12091	ADJ
ajfa-12768	272	2	silhan	silhan	NOUN
ajfa-12768	272	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	272	4	p.	p.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	272	5	a.	a.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	272	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	272	7	2014	2014	NUM
ajfa-12768	272	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	272	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	273	1	interfirm	interfirm	PROPN
ajfa-12768	273	2	differences	difference	NOUN
ajfa-12768	273	3	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	273	4	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	273	5	variability	variability	NOUN
ajfa-12768	273	6	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	273	7	an	an	DET
ajfa-12768	273	8	analysis	analysis	NOUN
ajfa-12768	273	9	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	273	10	fundamentals	fundamental	NOUN
ajfa-12768	273	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	273	12	cash	cash	NOUN
ajfa-12768	273	13	flows	flow	NOUN
ajfa-12768	273	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	273	15	accruals	accrual	NOUN
ajfa-12768	273	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	274	1	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	274	2	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	274	3	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	274	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	274	5	54(4	54(4	NUM
ajfa-12768	274	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	274	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	274	8	1357	1357	NUM
ajfa-12768	274	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	274	10	1379	1379	NUM
ajfa-12768	274	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	275	1	https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12038	https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.12038	VERB
ajfa-12768	275	2	spagnolo	spagnolo	PROPN
ajfa-12768	275	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	275	4	g.	g.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	275	5	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	275	6	2005	2005	NUM
ajfa-12768	275	7	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	275	8	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	276	1	managerial	managerial	ADJ
ajfa-12768	276	2	incentives	incentive	NOUN
ajfa-12768	276	3	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	276	4	collusive	collusive	ADJ
ajfa-12768	276	5	behavior	behavior	NOUN
ajfa-12768	276	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	277	1	european	european	PROPN
ajfa-12768	277	2	economic	economic	PROPN
ajfa-12768	277	3	review	review	PROPN
ajfa-12768	277	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	277	5	49(6	49(6	NOUN
ajfa-12768	277	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	277	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	277	8	1501	1501	NUM
ajfa-12768	277	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	277	10	1523	1523	NUM
ajfa-12768	277	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	278	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.05.003	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2004.05.003	PROPN
ajfa-12768	278	2	subramanyam	subramanyam	NOUN
ajfa-12768	278	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	278	4	k.	k.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	278	5	r.	r.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	278	6	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	278	7	1996	1996	NUM
ajfa-12768	278	8	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	278	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	279	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	279	2	pricing	pricing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	279	3	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	279	4	discretionary	discretionary	ADJ
ajfa-12768	279	5	accruals	accrual	NOUN
ajfa-12768	279	6	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	280	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	280	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	280	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	280	4	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	280	5	economics	economic	NOUN
ajfa-12768	280	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	280	7	22(1	22(1	NUM
ajfa-12768	280	8	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	280	9	3	3	NUM
ajfa-12768	280	10	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	280	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	280	12	249	249	NUM
ajfa-12768	280	13	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	280	14	281	281	NUM
ajfa-12768	280	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	281	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(96)00434-x	https://doi.org/10.1016/s0165-4101(96)00434-x	PROPN
ajfa-12768	281	2	trueman	trueman	PROPN
ajfa-12768	281	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	281	4	b.	b.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	281	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	281	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	281	7	titman	titman	PROPN
ajfa-12768	281	8	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	281	9	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	281	10	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	281	11	1988	1988	NUM
ajfa-12768	281	12	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	281	13	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	282	1	an	an	DET
ajfa-12768	282	2	explanation	explanation	NOUN
ajfa-12768	282	3	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	282	4	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	282	5	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	282	6	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	282	7	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	283	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	283	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	283	3	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	283	4	research	research	NOUN
ajfa-12768	283	5	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	283	6	26	26	NUM
ajfa-12768	283	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	283	8	127	127	NUM
ajfa-12768	283	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	283	10	139	139	NUM
ajfa-12768	283	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	284	1	http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491184	http://www.jstor.org/stable/2491184	PROPN
ajfa-12768	284	2	tucker	tucker	PROPN
ajfa-12768	284	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	284	4	j.	j.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	284	5	w.	w.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	284	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	284	7	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	284	8	zarowin	zarowin	PROPN
ajfa-12768	284	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	284	10	p.	p.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	284	11	a.	a.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	284	12	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	284	13	2006	2006	NUM
ajfa-12768	284	14	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	284	15	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	285	1	does	do	AUX
ajfa-12768	285	2	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	285	3	smoothing	smooth	VERB
ajfa-12768	285	4	improve	improve	VERB
ajfa-12768	285	5	earnings	earning	NOUN
ajfa-12768	285	6	informativeness	informativeness	NOUN
ajfa-12768	285	7	?	?	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	286	1	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	286	2	accounting	accounting	NOUN
ajfa-12768	286	3	review	review	NOUN
ajfa-12768	286	4	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	286	5	81(1	81(1	NUM
ajfa-12768	286	6	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	286	7	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	286	8	251	251	NUM
ajfa-12768	286	9	-	-	SYM
ajfa-12768	286	10	270	270	NUM
ajfa-12768	286	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	287	1	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.1.251	https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2006.81.1.251	PROPN
ajfa-12768	287	2	asian	asian	ADJ
ajfa-12768	287	3	journal	journal	PROPN
ajfa-12768	287	4	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	287	5	finance	finance	PROPN
ajfa-12768	287	6	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	287	7	accounting	accounting	PROPN
ajfa-12768	287	8	issn	issn	PROPN
ajfa-12768	287	9	1946	1946	NUM
ajfa-12768	287	10	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	287	11	052x	052x	NOUN
ajfa-12768	287	12	2018	2018	NUM
ajfa-12768	287	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	287	14	vol	vol	NOUN
ajfa-12768	287	15	.	.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	288	1	10	10	NUM
ajfa-12768	288	2	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	288	3	no	no	INTJ
ajfa-12768	288	4	.	.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	288	5	1	1	NUM
ajfa-12768	288	6	ajfa.macrothink.org	ajfa.macrothink.org	PROPN
ajfa-12768	288	7	142	142	NUM
ajfa-12768	288	8	yu	yu	PROPN
ajfa-12768	288	9	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	288	10	k.	k.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	288	11	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	288	12	hagigi	hagigi	PROPN
ajfa-12768	288	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	288	14	m.	m.	NOUN
ajfa-12768	288	15	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	288	16	&	&	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	288	17	stewart	stewart	PROPN
ajfa-12768	288	18	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	288	19	s.	s.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	288	20	d.	d.	PROPN
ajfa-12768	288	21	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	288	22	2017	2017	NUM
ajfa-12768	288	23	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	288	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	289	1	income	income	NOUN
ajfa-12768	289	2	smoothing	smoothing	NOUN
ajfa-12768	289	3	may	may	AUX
ajfa-12768	289	4	result	result	VERB
ajfa-12768	289	5	in	in	ADP
ajfa-12768	289	6	increased	increase	VERB
ajfa-12768	289	7	perceived	perceive	VERB
ajfa-12768	289	8	riskiness	riskiness	NOUN
ajfa-12768	289	9	:	:	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	289	10	evidence	evidence	NOUN
ajfa-12768	289	11	from	from	ADP
ajfa-12768	289	12	bid	bid	NOUN
ajfa-12768	289	13	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	289	14	ask	ask	VERB
ajfa-12768	289	15	spreads	spread	NOUN
ajfa-12768	289	16	around	around	ADP
ajfa-12768	289	17	loss	loss	NOUN
ajfa-12768	289	18	announcements	announcement	NOUN
ajfa-12768	289	19	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	290	1	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	290	2	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	290	3	corporate	corporate	ADJ
ajfa-12768	290	4	finance	finance	NOUN
ajfa-12768	290	5	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	291	1	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.11.007	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.11.007	PROPN
ajfa-12768	291	2	copyright	copyright	NOUN
ajfa-12768	291	3	disclaimer	disclaimer	NOUN
ajfa-12768	291	4	copyright	copyright	NOUN
ajfa-12768	291	5	for	for	ADP
ajfa-12768	291	6	this	this	DET
ajfa-12768	291	7	article	article	NOUN
ajfa-12768	291	8	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	291	9	retained	retain	VERB
ajfa-12768	291	10	by	by	ADP
ajfa-12768	291	11	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	291	12	author(s	author(s	PROPN
ajfa-12768	291	13	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	291	14	,	,	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	291	15	with	with	ADP
ajfa-12768	291	16	first	first	ADJ
ajfa-12768	291	17	publication	publication	NOUN
ajfa-12768	291	18	rights	right	NOUN
ajfa-12768	291	19	granted	grant	VERB
ajfa-12768	291	20	to	to	ADP
ajfa-12768	291	21	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	291	22	journal	journal	NOUN
ajfa-12768	291	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	292	1	this	this	PRON
ajfa-12768	292	2	is	be	AUX
ajfa-12768	292	3	an	an	DET
ajfa-12768	292	4	open	open	ADJ
ajfa-12768	292	5	-	-	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	292	6	access	access	NOUN
ajfa-12768	292	7	article	article	NOUN
ajfa-12768	292	8	distributed	distribute	VERB
ajfa-12768	292	9	under	under	ADP
ajfa-12768	292	10	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	292	11	terms	term	NOUN
ajfa-12768	292	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajfa-12768	292	13	conditions	condition	NOUN
ajfa-12768	292	14	of	of	ADP
ajfa-12768	292	15	the	the	DET
ajfa-12768	292	16	creative	creative	ADJ
ajfa-12768	292	17	commons	common	NOUN
ajfa-12768	292	18	attribution	attribution	NOUN
ajfa-12768	292	19	license	license	NOUN
ajfa-12768	292	20	(	(	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	292	21	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/	PROPN
ajfa-12768	292	22	)	)	PUNCT
ajfa-12768	292	23	.	.	PUNCT