Microsoft Word - 18933-Article Text-writer2-new-final Cor Sma Receive doi:10.5 ronaviru all and M Michae Oman ed: Nov. 12 5296/ajfa.v us (Cov Medium Ig Colleg E- l and Cecili Departm Colleg E-m Gben n College o Departme E-mail: Mid D , 2021 A 14i1.18933 vid-19) m-scale M gbinedion U Departm ge of Busin -mail: Josiah Yemis ia Ibru Univ ment of Acc ge of Busine mail: bosunf nga Ekunday f Managem ent of Admin : gbenga.eku F ddle East C Department E-mail: f Accepted: J URL: ht 1 ) Impac e Enterp Mary Josiah University, O ment of Acc ness and Ma ah .mary@iu i Bosun – F versity Agba counting, Ba ess and Man fakunleyem yo (Corresp ment and Tec nistrative an kundayo@om Festus Odhig College, Sult of Managem festus@me Jan. 17, 202 https://doi.or Asian ct on W prises ( h Okada, Nige counting anagement S uokada.edu. Fakunle arha-otor, D anking and nagement S misi@gmail. pondence Au chnology, Su nd Financia mancollege gu tanate of Om ment Studie c.edu.om 22 Pub rg/10.5296/ n Journal of F Working (SMEs) eria Studies .ng Delta -State, Finance ciences com uthor) ultanate of O al Sciences .edu.om man es blished: Jun ajfa.v14i1.1 Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro g Capita ) in Nig , Nigeria Oman ne 1, 2022 18933 ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ al of geria Abstra The out slowdow research small an course distribu 378 que using m effect o (invento should on SME Keywo Receiva ct tbreak of co wn, this is h has been nd medium of the stud uted to the re estionnaires multivariate on all the w ory, receiva set up an e Es and prov rds: Work ables and Pa orona virus a challenge carried ou scale enter dy As part espondents s were distri test. The re working cap ables, payab evaluation c vide assistan king capita ayables. has resulted e to SMES, ut to investi rprise in Nig of this stud in order to ibuted and 3 esults show ital variable bles and ca committee th nce so as to al, Corona 2 d in a globa because th igate the im geria. Surve dy, compreh get relevan 370 were re that Covid es of small ash). In the hat will loo guarantee t Virus, S Asian al health em his advanced mpact of co ey research hensively s nt informatio eturned. The d-19 has a st and mediu e light of th ok into thes he continuit Small and n Journal of F mergency, an d down the ovid 19 on design was structured q on associate e data colle tatistically s um enterpris his, the Nig e negative ty of those b Medium-S Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro nd global ec whole wor working ca adopted du questionnair ed with the r ected were a significant n ses under th gerian Gov effects of c businesses. Scale Ente ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ conomic rld. This apital of uring the res were research. analyzed negative he study vernment covid 19 erprises, 1. Intro Corona coronav caused SMES b impact outbrea second parts of Covid-1 in the f laying o by this u of raw m In Nige Lagos, and oth day-to-d amount is inves followin cash. Th purpose 500 tho The foc receivab 1.1 Stat While C coronav effect h biggest Remark generat domesti a downt the econ 2016 ec foreign premise output unrealis oduction virus dise virus, SARS a global h because thi on China's aks began in largest eco f the world 19 pandemi following w of staff, due unpreceden materials, a eria most p Ogun and A her states fo day produc t that is inve stment that ng items ar hese items a e of this rese ousand Naira cus of this bles and cas tement of th COVID- 19 virus referre has been en economies kably, this h es 90% of ic (Zhang 2 turn are gra nomy. As f conomic re exchange ed on increa respectivel stic. To mak ase (COVI S-COV-2. A health emerg s advanced s small and n November onomy grind are being u ic on the in ways, staff w to their inab nted situatio and increase opulated pl Abuja all we llowed the ction activit ested in asse t are used e used to m are funded e earch we de a to 2 millio study is to sh of small he Research 9 (a global ed to as seve normous. Pa (China and has puts to the country 2020). For m adually expe for Nigeria, ecession wh earnings ased global ly at $57 p ke it worse D-19) is an According to gency and down the w d medium- r 2019 in H ded to a ha urged to tak dustries. Co wages, rent bility to mai n. This imb e in permane laces are sh ent into lock Federal Go ties of goo ets that are continually measure the either by sh efined SMEs on Naira res o investigat and medium Problem l pandemic ere acute res articularly, p d USA) hav halt activiti y’s employm most develop ected as the the country hich was a to meet im oil demand per barrel e, the emerg 3 n infectious o Internatio global eco whole world sized busin Hubei Provin alt. More so ke part in a ovid-19 outb t, loan repay intain cash broglio has n ent prices an hut down a kdown to av overnment o ods and ser expected to y, therefore working ca hort-term fin s as those in spectively w ate the effec m-sized ente c) has been spiratory sy progression ve been seri ies of Chin ment, accou oping econo e global coro y is still slu fall out o mports. Un d and stable and 2.18 gence of CO Asian s disease c onal Trade C onomic slow d. Zhang (2 nesses. Sinc nce China, b o, the smal major surv break has ca yment, the flow, as a re necessitated nd delay in and curfew void the spr order. Worki rvices by th o be realized it is not a apital: inven nance or me nvestments with more th ct of covid erprises in t n defined a yndrome, (C ns in marke iously trunc na’s small a unt for 80% mies, like N onavirus ou uggishly gra f global oi nfortunately e market wi Million Ba OVID-19 a n Journal of F aused by a Centre, Cov wdown, this 2020) exam ce the unp business act l medium e vey detailing aused more company m esult of the i d shortage o goods deliv across the read of this ing capital a he company d within the a permanen ntory, payab edium-term that fall wit han 50 to 10 d-19 on inv the Nigeria as an illnes Cennimo 202 et capitaliza cated (Lopez nd medium % of exports Nigeria the o utbreak puts appling with l price cras y, revenue th oil price arrels Per and its incre Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro a newly dis vid-19 outbr s is a chall mined the co paralleled C tivities in th enterprises g the impac e problems t may be con idle capacity of workers, s very. states for e covid-19 pa are required y, it repres e years of tr nt investme bles, receiva finance and thin a band w 00 paid emp ventories, p context . ss caused b 20) and its n ation in the z-Cordova, m Enterprise s and 70% odds of slid s severe pre h recovery f sh and insu assumption benchmark Day may easing incid ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ scovered reak has lenge to vid-19’s Covid-19 he world in other ct of the o SMES nsidering y caused shortage example andemic d for the ents the ading. It ent. The ables and d for the width of ployees. payables, by novel negative world’s 2020a). es which of gross ding into ssure on from the ufficient ns were k and oil become dence in Nigeria fiscal p global e projecti Based working Enterpr brain be & Matl 2016). H SMEs a Althoug develop these stu of SME owners Josiah, on prof study on poised e SMEs, econom 1.2 Res The bro capital specific 1. Det of Nige 2. Eva of Nige 3. Inv of Nige 4. Asc Nigeria 1.3 Scop The int small-m consisti a has called projections, economy po ions that it on the for g capital m rises has bee ehind econo lay, 2006; C Hence the n activities in gh similar pment of the tudies has be Es in Niger ’ resources Bosun-Faku fitability of n SMEs and empirically while prio my. Therefor earch objec oad objectiv manageme c objectives termine the eria aluate the ef eria vestigate the eria certain the a. pe of the stu tent of this medium-ente ing of Oyo, d for drastic compared t oses more d will dip fur egoing, the management en informed omic prospe Chen, 2006 need to chec Nigeria can studies hav e Nigerian een able to r ia. For inst mobilizatio unle and Im SMEs in N d Economic y to investig or similar s re this gap i ctives of the ve of this stu ent of Sma were to: effect of C ffect of CO e effect of C effect of CO udy s study is t erprises in Edo, Osun, c review an to events th difficulties a rther going e researche of SMEs i d by the fact erity of many ; Gibb & L kmate the e nnot be over ve been co economy b reveal the im ance, Bukk on and inno muzeze (201 Nigeria, whi c Growth in gate the effe studies exam n knowledg study udy is to asse all and Me OVID 19 on VID 19 on r COVID 19 o OVID 19 o to investiga Nigeria by , Lagos, Eki 4 nd changes hat led to re ahead as the by the pric er intends t in Nigeria. t that these e ny advanced Li 2003; Hi expected dev r-emphasize onducted to but to the be mpact of CO ki, Oguntim ovative cul 2) studied t ile Ishola, O n Nigeria. H ect of COVI mined how ge provides ess the effec edium-Sized n inventory receivables on payables on cash of S ate the effe y employin kiti, and Ond Asian in the ear ecession in e oil price i ce war amon to investiga The choice enterprises h d economies att & Wesle vastating eff ed. o ascertain est of the re OVID-19 on mehin and A ture in sou the impact o Oladipo and Hence, it is w ID-19 on w w SMEs im justification ct of corona d Enterpris y of SMEs in of SMEs in of SMEs in SMEs in So ect of COV ng all six s do states. n Journal of F rlier revenu 2016, the c is currently ng key play ate the effe e of Small have been a including C ey 2014; Dr ffect of the c the impact esearchers’ k n working c Adeyemi (20 uth-west of of working c d Oluseyi (2 worthy to no working capi mpact growt n for this pr virus (COV es in Nige n South We n South We n South We outh West g VID-19 on w south-west Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro ue expectati current stat below US$ yers in the i ect of Covi and Mediu ascertained t China and U Druker, 2009 current pand t of SMEs knowledge capital mana 019) studie Nigeria, A capital mana 2015) carri ote that this ital manage th of the N resent study VID-19) on w eria. Howe est geopoliti est geopoliti st geopoliti geopolitical working ca geopolitica ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ ions and te of the $30 with industry. id-19 on um-Scale to be the USA. (Li 9; Bonn, demic on s on the none of agement d SMEs Adediran, agement ed out a study is ement of Nigerian y. working ver, the cal zone cal zone cal zone zone of apital of al zones 2. Liter 2.1 Cov Disease on the emanate more s challeng conditio has cau investm constrai finance to limit typicall than lar them w through 2.2 Con No matt required will bec Workin be sold is the s expecte name im finance compon day-to-d short-te 2.3 Sma Small a unquote group, i owner f study, machin employ rature Revi vid-19 es that are c average 5-6 e and subse severe imp ges/ailment ons under th used a simu ment specif ints, isolatio , SMEs typi ted liability ly have sma rge firms. S while policy h the crisis ( ncept of Wor ter the amou d for produc come a wast ng capital re by a compa ame as net ed to be rea mplies it is production nents being day manufa erm finance all and Med and Mediu ed, ownersh it provides finance, ov small and ery and equ yees, respect iew aused by vi 6 days after equently co pact on th ts. Small b he COVID- ultaneous an fically, sma on or conta ically have l companies all inventorie ourcing fro uncertainty (Marrion & rking Capit unt spent on ction are no te. This is w fers to the i any, it can b currents as lized within continually n, to inves g stock, de acturing and that is curr dium -Scale um-Scale E hip of the and contrib erdraft fina medium-s uipment not tively. iruses, if con r infection, ould degene e older pe usinesses a 19 pandemi nd massive all and me inment of w lower cash r . Also, they es. In the sa om new supp y, rapid chan Mohan, 20 tal n equipment t efficiently why this topi items that ar e defined as ssets. It repr n the year’s y in use, be t in invent ebtors, cred d or trading ent liabilitie Enterprises Enterprises business is butes to all ance, bank l cale enterp t more than 5 ntacted by h tiredness a erate if not eople and around the ic. The shut shock to s edium-scale workers lim reserves and y experience ame vein, sh ppliers or ab nges in polic 20) t, plant and y managed, t ic is so cruc re required s the excess resents the s trading. It eing turned tory and to ditors and activities o es, or by me s (SMEs) have three s restricted sectors of loan trade c prises are n 500,000 N Asian human bein and dry cou nipped in t people th world are tdown of lar supply and e enterprise mit productio d go out of b e supply ch hortages can bsorbing pri cies pose di machinery, the entire am cial and its n for the day of current a amount tha is not a pe over many o provide c cash. Thes f a business edium- and characteri to a few in the econom credit and s defined as Naira to 2 m n Journal of F ngs , general ugh and diff he bud , su hat have u facing cha rge parts of demand fo es (SMEs) on. Conside business mu hain disrupti n affect SME ce increase ifficulties fo buildings e mount comm needs to be a -to-day prod assets over c at is investe rmanent inv y times in a credit for c se assets a s. They can long-term f stics: firms ndividuals, my .The sou so on for th s those wi million Naira Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro lly develop fficulty in b uch diseases underlying allenging ec the world e or consumpt ) faces pro ering their a uch faster co ions becaus Es faster an es is challen or SMEs na etc if the ing mitted to the appreciated duction of g current liab ed in assets vestment bu a year. It is customers i are needed be funded e finance. s are likely typically a urces of fina he purposes ith investm a and 50 to ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ to fever reathing s have a medical conomic economy tion and oduction access to ompared se SMEs nd harder nging for avigating gredients e project as such. goods to ilities. It that are ut as the used to its main for the either by y to be a family ance are s of this ments in 100 paid 2.4 Em Zhan (2 has land regions Abolaji of smal question compris which account Resourc were a Indepen mobiliz between Nigeria of SME SME O Ishola, lockdow Using a probabi factors majority COVID found t versus n effect o is a co lockdow whereas implica palliativ Medium Enesi a and Me research question which w their bu include mpirical Rev 2020) exami ded a heavy . i, Yekinni an ll and mediu ns were rais sed one tho one thousa ted for 97% ce Mobiliza analyzed us ndent t test zation and i n resource a. Furthermo E Owners w Owners in So Oladipo an wn measure an electroni ility model influencing y of the e D-19 pandem that the CO non-agricul on low sales ntrary resu wn increase s total lock ations of ou ve measures m Scale Ent and Ibrahim edium Busin h technique nnaire on 10 were selecte usinesses. F s: loss of c view ined the effe y blow on C nd Adeyem um-scale en sed. The stu ousand, four and, three h % response ation Questi sing descri . The resul innovative c mobilizatio ore, there w while no sig outh-West, N nd Oluseyi es on the is ic data coll to estimate g coping s entrepreneu mics throug OVID-19 pa ture). For in s among the ult in the co es the likeli kdown has a ur study is s) which ca terprise in N m (2021) inv ness Enterp e using dat 0 selected S ed purposiv Findings fro competent fect of Covid Chinese SM i (2019), ex nterprises (S udy adopted r hundred an hundred an e rate. Data ionnaire (r = iptive stati lts showed culture in S on and inn was signific nificant dif Nigeria. (2015) ex sues related lection appr the effect o strategies u urs have be h the partia andemic's e nstance, par e enterprise ontext of th ihood of sw a negative in s the need an help to c Nigeria. vestigated th prises in Ab ta collection SMEs with vely to elici m the analy staff resulti 6 d-19 in chin MES with hu xamined res SMEs) own d the descri and seventee nd eighty-tw a were col = 0.85) and istics, Pear that SME South-West, novative cu ant differen fference exi xamines the d to Small a roach, this of the pand using a mu een affecte al and total l effect differ rtial lockdow es especially he food an witching ap nfluence on to address cushion the he impact o buja-FCT, N n method t 100 respond it insights in ysis indicat ting from re Asian na’s SMES, uge differen ource mobi ners in South iptive surve en (1417) S wo (1382) lected usin Innovative rson Produ owners pos , Nigeria. S ulture of SM nce in the s sted in the e effect of and Medium study analy demic on th ultivariate p ed (both se lockdown a rs by sector wn measure y for the no nd agricultu pproaches o n the coping s social pro effect on th of covid 19 Nigeria. The through the dents in Mu nto the effe ted that the eduction in n Journal of F the result sh ntial effects lization and h-West, Nig y research d SME owners responded ng two instr Culture Sc uct Momen ssessed high Significant r ME Owner core on res score on in COVID-19 m Scale En yzes the da e entrepren probit mode everely and and moveme r of the eco es had an in on-agricultu ure sector. I of business g strategies otection ap he pandemi on the Per e study ado e administr unicipal Are ct of COVI COVID-19 n staff salar Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro hows that C s across sec d innovative geria. Five r design. The s / manager appropriate truments; th cale (r = 0.6 nt Correlati h level of r relationship rs’ in Sout source mob nnovative cu 9 related ca nterprise in ata using th neurs and m el. We fou d slightly) ent restricti onomy (agr ncreasing lik ural sector b In addition (coping str s. One of th pproaches ( ic on the Sm rformance o opted a qua ration of str ea Council i ID-19 pand 9 pandemic ry, low rev ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ Covid-19 ctors and e culture research e sample rs out of ely, this hese are 68). Data ion and resource p existed th-West, ilization ulture of ases and Nigeria. he linear model the und that by the ons. We riculture kelihood but there n, partial rategies) he policy (such as mall and of Small antitative ructured in Abuja demic on ’s effect venue or income reduce inability effect o introduc reduced were no work. Adedira working Nigeria period analyze of endo of day’ also imp 3. Meth Survey Morgan survey w the geo academ 3.1 Pop The pop geo-pol 3.2 Sam Krejcie size. He S= Where: X2 = the level(3. S = the N = the P = Pop d = Deg generation the prevale y to pay sa on the perf ce a well m d interest ra ot mentione an, Josiah, B g capital m an firms. Th of 2009. D ed using the ogeneity, de s accounts proves the f hodology y research d n sampling t was guided political zo mic integrity pulation pulation of litical zone mple Size an e and Morg ence the sam X2NP D2(N e table valu .841) sample size e population pulation pro gree of accu n, lack of p ence of the alaries, repa formance of monitored a ates, relax l ed in this stu Bosun-Faku management he data for Data was co e multiple re emonstrate t receivable firm’s profi design was technique w by the fact, one. The qu and plausib f the study of Nigeria ( nd Techniqu gan 1970 sam mple size is P(1-P) N-1) + X2P(1 e of chi-squ e n size oportion (ass uracy (expre patronage, a pandemic. ay loans and f SMEs. M and structur loans and d udy. It is the unle and Imu t on the pro r the study ollected from egression an that manage and invento tability. employed was used to , that they h uestionnaire bility, result consists of (Abolaji; Ye es mpling tech represented 1-P) uare for 1 de sumed to be essed as a pr 7 and lack of The SMEs d rent. They Most respon red palliativ defer tax pa erefore nece muzeze (2012 ofitability o were colle m secondar nalysis. The ers can crea ories. Equa during the obtain the s have large cl es were subj ting in all ca f 26,744 reg ekinni & Ad hnique was d as; egree of fre e 0.50) roportion= Asian f sincerity o s are often y establishe dents sugge ve scheme, ayments. Th essary to co 2), empirica of a sample ected from ry sources e results wh ate value by lly, shorten e course of sample size lusters of sm bjected to et ases being u gistered SM deyemi 201 adopted in edom at the 0.05) n Journal of F on the part faced with ed that covi ested that g poverty all here are rel onsider them ally investig e of small 30 SMEs c (financial s hich are rob y reducing t ning the cas the study, . The choic mall and me thical and b usable. MEs located 9) order to de e desired co Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro t of govern problems id has a sig government leviation pr lated variab m in future r gates the im and mediu covering th statement) a bust to the p their firm’s sh conversio while, Krej ce of the des edium enterp biosafety ch d within sou etermine the onfidence ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ nment to such as: gnificant t should rograms, bles that research mpact of um-sized he single and was presence number on cycle jcie and scriptive prises in hecks for uth west e sample S= = 2568 67.817 The sam 3.3 Sou Primar a well-s question subjecte (SPSS ) 3.4 Met One -W working method depende 3.841 x 2 (0.052 x 2 80.926 775 mple size is urces of data ry source of structured, q nnaire was ed to reliabi ) version 23 thod of Data Way Anova g capital va d is adopted ent variable 226744 x 0. 26743) + 3. = 378.6 378 SMES a f data gather questionnai administere ility and val 3. a Analysis a (Multivari ariables und because we es. 5 x 0.5 841 x 0.5 x to be used ring was em ire was used ed by the co lidity tests w iate test) w der the stud e have only 8 x 0.5 in the south mployed dur d to gather ohort of rese with the aid was used to dy (invento one indepen Asian h-west geop ring the cou responses f earchers and d of Statistic test for the ry, receivab ndent variab n Journal of F political zon urse of the st from variou d all collate cal Package e effect of C bles, payabl ble to be reg Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro ne in Nigeri tudy. Conse us responde ed informati for Social S Covid 19 o les and cas gressed aga ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ a. equently, nts. The ion were Sciences n SMEs sh). This inst four 3.5 Dat Table 1 S/ 1 2 3 4 Table 1 in busin in busin and 66( The gen respecti 264(71. shows t represen have BS qualific ta Analysis . Descriptiv /N Varia No o Below 5 – 1 10ye Total Gend Male Fema Total Mari Singl Marr Divo Total Educ WAC OND BSc. MSc. Other Total above show ness shows ness below (7.8%) respo nder of the r ively. Also, .4%) were m that 19(5.1% nting 122(3 Sc./ HND w cations that ve Statistics able f years in b w 5years 0years ars and abo l der: e ale l ital Status: le ried rced l cational Qu CE D/ NCE /HND . rs l ws the dem that a vast 5years, whi ondents app respondents , their mar married, wh %) possess 33.0) have O while 30(8.1 were not sp business: ve ualification mographic p majority of ile 248(67% peared to ha representin ital status s hile 26(7%) WACE/ SS OND/NCE, 1%) are hol pecified in th 9 Frequen 56 248 66 370 205 165 370 80 264 26 370 n: 19 122 174 30 25 370 resentation f the respon %) turned ou ave been in ng 205(55.4 shows that ) are also d SCE ,while , An overw lders of MS he question Asian ncy of the resp ndents repre ut to be in b business fo 4%) and 165 80(21.6%) divorced. Th e a staggeri whelming m Sc qualificat nnaire. n Journal of F Perce 15.1 67.0 7.8 100 55.4 44.6 100 21.6 71.4 7.0 100 5.1 33.0 47.0 8.1 6.8 100 pondents. Th esenting 56 business bet r 10years an (44.6%) we ) appear to heir educati ng amount ajority repr tions. and 2 Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro entages he number 6(15.1%) ha tween 5 to nd above. ere male and have been ional qualif of the part resenting 17 25(6.8%) ha ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ of years ave been 10 years d female n single, fications ticipants 74(47%) ave other Table 2 Author Using th the vari assume a. Questio The tab Table 3 S/N C INVET 1 Is du INVET 2 Re of du INVET 3 Th pa 1NVE T4 M co un ca pa 1NVE T5 L du th Source: Table 3 that “is opted f undecid . Reliability r’s computa he rule of G iables. The d that the d on Analysis bles below s . Does covi COVID-19 ON INV suing of ma uring the pand eduction in p f delay in sup uring the pand here was sto andemic. Majority of ome to wo nprecedente aused by andemic. ow product uring the p he incessant : Field Surv above show ssuing of m for strongly ded and als y Statistic te Relia Cr ation, 2021 Geory and M result for th egree to wh hows the pe id 19 have a 9 PANDEM VENTORY aterials was demic. roduction bec pplies of mat demic ck out durin staff could ork, due to ed disrup the covid tion was evi andemic du t lockdown. vey, 2021 ws that mos aterials wa y agree an so stuck to est for varia ability Stat ronbach's Alpha .985 . Mallery (20 he variable hich an instr ercentage di any significa MIC Y SA (1) rigid 199 (53.8 cause erials 197 (53.2 ng the 196 (53.0 d not o the ption d 19 197 (53.2 ident ue to 201 (54.3 st of the resp as rigid dur nd agree re o disagree 10 ables tistics Cronbach Alpha Bas on Standardiz Items 03), table 2 shows an e rument yield distribution o ant effect on A (2) 8%) 163 (44.1% 2%) 162 (44.1% 0%) 162 (43.8% 2%) 160 43.2% %) 165 (44.6% pondents sh ring the pan espectively, respectivel Asian h's sed zed N of It .986 2 above whi excellent res ds is consist of SMEs by n inventory N (3) %) 3 (0.8%) %) 3 (0.8%) %) 4 (1.1%) %) 6 (1.6%) %) 2 (0.5%) how a level ndemic” 53 , while 0.8 ly , and 0 n Journal of F tems 30 ich shows th sult of 0.98 tent. y Working c of SME’s i D (4) 3 (0.8%) 6 (1.6%) 4 (1.1%) 6 (1.6%) 2 (0.5%) of agreeme .8% (199) 8 %( 3) w .5 %( 2) s Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro he reliabilit 85.Based on capital param in Nigeria? SD (5) M 2 (0.5%) 4 2 (0.5%) 4 4 (1.1%) 4 1 (0.3%) 4 0 (0%) 4 ent on the st and 44.1 % were unequ strongly di ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ ty test of n this we meters Mean ST 4.4973 0.6 5 4.4757 0.6 4 4.4649 0.6 4.4757 0.6 1 4.5270 0.5 8 tatement %( 163) uivocally sagreed. TD 6170 6549 6828 6424 5415 53.2 % “Reduc 0.8 %( 43.8 %( during t stateme caused agreed incessa Table 4 geopoli C O REC1 W de di en tim REC2 W cr de REC3 D to in REC4 W ou REC5 D w in Source: Table 4 that “W to pay 42.4 %( were in disagree “We can amount disagree stateme 54.9%(2 %( 197) and tion in prod 3) were u ( 162)indica the pandem ent “Majori by covid 19 to the fifth nt lockdown 4. Does cov itical zone o COVID-19 ON RECEIV We cannot g ebtors by iscount so th ncouraged t me We can mana redit cease ebtors longe Debt collect o reduce nvestment in We cannot g ur debtors During the p was incomp ncomes : Field Surv above show We cannot ge back on ( 157) held n favour o ed. 54.1 %( n manage th t of particip e. Also, 53. ent “In the a 203) and 43 d 43.8 %( 1 duction beca undecided a ated strongl mic” 53.2%( ity of staff 9” respectiv h statement n”. vid 19 have of Nigeria PANDEM VABLES get back to giving hat they wil to pay back age the deb ed by giv er time tion enable the cost n debtors give promo pandemic th lete receipt vey, 2021 ws that mos et back to ou time”. An d to a stand of undecide ( 200) and 4 he debt by c pants repres .8 %( 199) a aspect of de 3.0%(159) 162) opined ause of delay and 2.1% ( ly agreed an (197) and 4 could not vely while t “Low prod e any signif MIC SA (1) our out ll be k on 199 (53.8% t by ving 200 (54.1% s us of 199 (53.8% o to 203 (54.9% here t of 201 (54.3% st of the resp ur debtors b upper lim point of str ed and disa 42.2 %( 156 credit cease senting 0.8 and 42.4 % ebt collectio indicated st 11 d strongly a y in supplie (8) disagre nd agreed to 43.2%(160) come to wo 54.3% (20 duction was ficant effec A (2) %) 157 (42.4%) %) 156 (42.2%) %) 157 (42.4%) %) 159 (43.0%) %) 156 (42.2%) pondents sh by giving ou mit of parti trongly agre agreed resp 6) strongly a ed by giving %( 3) affirm ( 157) indic on we can r trongly agr Asian agree and a es of materia ed concurr o the third s strongly ag ork due to 01) and 44. s evident du t on receiv N (3) D ( 3 (0.8%) ( 3 (0.8%) 9 ( 4 (1.1%) 9 ( 2 (0.5%) 6 ( 2 (0.5%) ( how a level ut discount s icipants rep ee and agre pectively, 3 agreed and a g debtors lo med undeci cated strong reduce the ee and agre n Journal of F agree to the als during th ently. Also statement “T greed and a the unprec 6%(165) st uring the pa vables of SM D (4) SD (5) 10 (2.7%) 1 (0.3 9 (2.4%) 2 (0.5 9 (2.4%) 1 (0.3 6 (1.6%) 0 (0% 10 (2.7%) 1 (0.3 of agreeme so that they presenting e respective 3.0%(11) o agreed to th onger time” ided and 3.0 gly agree an cost of inve ee to the fou Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro e second st he pandemic o, 53 %( 1 There was s agreed to th cedented dis trongly agr andemic du MEs in Sou D Mean 3%) 4.4676 5%) 4.4676 3%) 4.4703 %) 4.5108 3%) 4.4757 ent on the st will be enc 53.8% (19 ely, while 0 of participan he second st ” while a m 0% (11) als nd agree to t estment in d ourth statem ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ tatement c” while 96) and stock out he fourth sruption reed and ue to the uth West STD 0.67897 0.69084 0.67107 0.59913 0.67531 tatement ouraged 99) and 0.8 %(3) nts also tatement miniature so chose the third debtors” ment “We cannot g for stro received Table 5 geopoli PAY1 i PAY2 O t m l PAY3 O d m d PAY4 W c c PAY5 O r a p Source: Table 5 that “C strongly (3) by 54.1 % creditor 3.0 %( and 40. us disco reached pay our (201) a compan give promo ongly agree d completely 5. Does cov itical zone o COVID -19 ON PAY Creditors are issue material Our creditors that we can money within limits. Our credito discount in money to be due date. We are not a creditors on cash is not rea Our company reduce staff adverse conse pandemic. : Field Surv above show Creditors are y agree and indicating u ( 200) and r gave prom 11) were u 3 %( 149) d ount in orde d a consensu r creditors and 40.3%( ny was plan to our debt and agree t ly”. vid 19 hav of Nigeria 9 PANDEMIC AYABLES e not ready s. gave promo pay them th n available tim ors gave order for th paid within t able to pay o time becau adily available was planning f due to t equences of t vey, 2021 ws that mos e not ready d agree respe undecided 40.5 %( 1 mo so that w undecided an declared stro er for their m us on stron on time bec (149) opini ning to redu tors” respec to the fifth e any signi C SA (1) to 201 (54.3%) so eir me 200 (54.1%) us eir the 201 (54.3%) our use e 203 (54.9%) to the the 201 (54.3% st of the resp to give us m ectively, wh and disagre 50) strongl we can pay t nd 2.5% (9) ongly agree money to be ngly agree a cause cash onated stro uce staff du 12 ctively whil statement “ ificant effe A (2) 149 (40.3%) 150 (40.5%) 149 (40.3%) 151 (40.8%) 149 40.3%) pondents sh materials” 5 hile a minut eed respect ly agreed a then their m ) firmly dis e and agree e paid as and and agree to is not read ongly agree e to the adv Asian le 54.3% (20 “During the ect on paya N (3) D (4) 11 (3.0%) 3 (0.8 11 (3.0%) 5 (1.4 11 (3.0%) 4 (1.1 10 (2.7%) 2 (0.5 12 (3.2%) 3 (0.8 how a level 54.3% (201 te segment tively, and and agreed money within sagreed resp to the third d when due o the fourth dily availab e and agree verse conseq n Journal of F 01) and 42.2 e pandemic ables of SM SD (5) %) 6 (1.6%) %) 4 (1.1%) %) 5 (1.4%) %) 4 1.1%) %) 5 (1.4%) of agreeme ) and 40.3 opted for 3. 1.6 %( 6) to the seco n stipulated pectively . A statement “ ” 54.9%(20 h statement ble” respect e to the fif quences of t Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro 2%(156) ac the incomes MEs in Sou Mean 4.448665 4.4514 4.4514 4.4784 4.4541 ent on the st %( 149) o .0 %( 11) an strongly di ond stateme d time limits Also, 54.3 “Our credito 03) and 40.8 “We are no tively while fth stateme the pandem ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ ccounted s are not uth West STD 0.742668 0.72062 0.73182 0.6338 0.72456 tatement opted for nd 0.8% sagreed. ent “Our s” while %( 201) ors gave 8%(151) ot able to e 54.3% nt “Our mic”. Table 6 geopoli COV CAS CAS1 The durin busin CAS2 The work CAS3 Staff to se CAS4 We drou of ba CAS5 Cash redu pand Source: Table 6 that “Th survive stuck to indicate strongly workers undecid third st 44.1%( insuffic particip the fifth pandem 6. Does co itical zone o VID- 19 P SH residual amo ng the pandem nesses to surv cash is no lon kers their wag f may be laid o ervices. can solve th ught through a ank loans h flow operati uced during demic. : Field Surv above show The residual ”. A vast m o strongly ag ed disagree y agree and s their wag ded. Also, 5 tatement “S 160) strong ient cash th pants repres h statement mic”. ovid 19 ha of Nigeria PANDEMIC ount of mone mic is not enou vive. nger enough t ges off due to disru e problem of availing the su ons have dras the period o vey, 2021 ws that mos amount of ajority of p gree and ag to the que d agree to ges” unfort 54.1 %( 20 Staff may gly agreed a hrough ava enting 54.9 t “Cash flo ave any sig ON SA (1) ey left ugh for 201 (54.3 to pay 203 (54.9 uption 201 (54.1 f cash upport 201 (54.3 tically of the 203 (54.9 st of the resp money left participants gree respecti stion posed the second tunately a 0) and 43.8 be laid off and agreed ailing the su % (203) an w operation 13 gnificant ef A (2) 3%) 162 (43.8% 9%) 165 (44.6% 1%) 162 (43.8% 3%) 163 (44.1% 9%) 165 (44.6% pondents sh during the p representin ively, while d to them. 5 d statement very small 8 %( 162) s ff due to d to the fourt upport of b nd 44.6%(16 ns have dra Asian ffect on ca N (3) D %) 3 (0.8%) %) 2 (0.5%) %) 3 (0.8%) %) 3 (0.8%) 2 %) 2 (0.5%) how a level pandemic i ng 54.3% (2 e 0.8 %( 3) w 54.9 %( 20 t “The cash segment, specified st disruption i th statemen ank loans” 65) stipulat astically red n Journal of F ash of SM D (4) SD (5) 3 (0.8%) 1 (0.3% 0 (0%) 0 (0% 5 (1.4%) 1 (0% 2 (0.5%) 0 (0.3% 0 (0%) 0 (0% of agreeme s not enoug 201) and 43 were undec 3) and 44.6 h is no lon representing rongly agre n services” nt “We can s . A conces ed strongly duced durin Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro MEs in Sou Mean %) 4.5108 %) 4.5432 %) 4.5054 %) 4.5162 %) 0.5432 ent on the st gh for busin 3.8 %( 162 cided, and 1 6 %( 165) a nger enough ng 0.5 %( ee and agre ” 54.3%(20 solve the pro ssionary am y agree and ng the perio ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ th West STD 0.59002 0.50955 0.59009 0.57595 0.50955 tatement nesses to 2) firmly .1 %( 4) affirmed h to pay 2) were ee to the 01) and oblem of mount of agree to od of the Table 7 COVD19 COVD19 COVD19 COVD19 COVD19 Source: Table 7 stateme particip agreed r 43.5 % “Covid- and 1.8 53.5 % “Covid- reported world e respond wave ha . Effect of C COVID- 91 Covid-19 China in 92 Covid-19 millions world 93 Covid-19 down fo months. 94 Covid-19 economy effects. 95 Covid-19 appeared catastrop wave. : Field Surv 7 above sho ent that “Co pants were respectively %( 161) un -19 has kille 8% (7) di %( 198) and -19 locked t dly chose s economy due ded by affir as appeared Covid 19 Pa -19 PANDEM 9 originated a city called H 9 has killed of people i 9 locked the or many succ 9 crippled the y, due to its res 9 second wav d and is phic than the vey, 2021 ws that mo ovid-19 orig categoricall y, while 0.5 nanimously ed over mill isagree. Al d 43.5 %( the world d strongly agr e to its resu rming stron d and is mor andemic MIC SA (1) from Hubei. 200 (54.1 over in the 197 (53.2 world cessive 198 (53.5 world sultant 197 (53.2 ve has more initial 201 (53.8 st of the re ginated from ly asked, 5 %(2) were selected st lions of peop so, an ove 161) chose down for ma reed and ag ultant effects ngly agree re catastrop 14 ) A (2) 1%) 161 (43.5% 2%) 161 (43.5% 5%) 161 (43.5% 2%) 159 (43.0% 8%) 163 (44.1% spondents d m China in a 54.1% (200) e undecided trongly agr ple in the wo erwhelming e strongly any successi greed to the s ” respectiv and agree phic than th Asian N (3) D %) 2 (0.5%) %) 5 (1.4%) %) 5 (1.4%) %) 5 (1.4%) %) 2 (0.5%) 4 demonstrate a city called ) and 43.5 and 1.9%(7 ree and ag orld” while g majority agree and ive months” e fourth stat vely, while to the fifth e initial wa n Journal of F D (4) SD (5) 6 (1.6%) 1 (0.3% 6 (1.6%) 1 (0.3% 5 (1.4%) 1 (0.3% 7 (1.9%) 2 (0.5% 4 (1.1%) 0 (0% ed a level o d Hubei” . M %( 161) st 7) disagreed gree to the 1.4 %( 5) o of partici agree to t ” 53.2%(19 tement “Co 54.3% (20 h statement ve”. Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro Mean %) 4.4946 %) 4.4784 %) 4.4865 %) 4.4649 %) 4.5162 of agreemen Moreover, w trongly agr d. 53.2 %( 1 e second st opted for un ipants repr the third st 97) and 43.0 ovid-19 cripp 01) and 44.1 t “Covid-19 ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ STD 0.62576 0.63827 0.62563 0.6783 0.57122 nt on the when the reed and 197) and tatement ndecided esenting tatement 0%(159) ppled the 1%(163) 9 second 3.7 Test Table 8 Effect Intercept cov19_m a. Design b. Exact s c. The sta SPSS 23 From th Wilks’ L = 195.7 Since it differen further individu t of hypothe . Multivaria Pillai's Trace Wilks' Lambd Hotelling's T Roy's Larges Pillai's Trace Wilks' Lambd Hotelling's T Roy's Larges n: Intercept + c statistic atistic is an up 3 output he above ta Lambda) in 7, p < .0005 t has been nce in work consider th ual depende esis ate Test Va e da Trace 36 st Root 36 e 1 da Trace 26 st Root 24 cov19_m per bound on able we disc n working ca ; Wilk's Λ = established king capital he test of b ent variable Mu alue F .973 3286.75 .027 3286.75 .218 3286.75 .218 3286.75 .580 59.7 .017 195.7 .074 589.1 .863 2275.00 F that yields a covered tha apital variab = 0.017, part from the m l variables between sub level. 15 ultivariate Tes Hypothes 52b 4 52b 4 52b 4 52b 4 755 16 720 16 00 16 02c 4 a lower bound at there is a bles based o rtial η2 = .64 multivariate under the bject- effec Asian stsa is df Error d 4.000 363.0 4.000 363.0 4.000 363.0 4.000 363.0 6.000 1464.0 6.000 1109.6 6.000 1446.0 4.000 366.0 d on the signif a statistically on the of co 41 e test that th study base cts to enabl n Journal of F f Sig. P 00 .000 00 .000 00 .000 00 .000 00 .000 21 .000 00 .000 00 .000 icance level. y significan ovid 19 pand here is a st d on covid le us establ Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro Partial Eta Squ nt differenc demic, F (1 tatistical sig d 19 pandem lished the e ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ uared .973 .973 .973 .973 .395 .641 .867 .961 e (using 6, 1109) gnificant mic, we effect at Table 9 Sou Corr Inter cov1 Erro Tota Corr a. R b. R c. R d. R SPSS 2 From ta the wor partial η (4,366) partial η . Test of Be rce rected Model rcept 19_m or al rected Total Squared = .9 Squared = .7 Squared = .7 Squared = .9 23 output able 9 abov rking capita η2 = .915, R =245.73, p η2 = .940 etween –Sub Dependen Variable inventory receivable payables cash inventory receivable payables cash inventory receivable payables cash inventory receivable payables cash inventory receivable payables cash inventory receivable payables cash 15 (Adjusted 29 (Adjusted 28 (Adjusted R 40 (Adjusted e, the result al variables Receivables p < 0.0005: bject Effects Tests of Be t Type III Squ s s s s s s R Squared = . R Squared = . R Squared = . R Squared = . t shows tha s under the s (F (4,366) partial η2 = 16 s etween-Subje I Sum of uares df 117.688a 111.289b 140.045c 109.413d 136.245 182.412 102.573 173.698 117.688 111.289 140.045 109.413 10.980 3 41.461 3 52.284 3 6.980 3 7691.000 3 7661.000 3 7593.000 3 7733.000 3 128.668 3 152.749 3 192.329 3 116.394 3 .914) .726) .725) .939) at Covid 19 e study. Inv ) =245.73, p = .728 and Asian ects Effects f Mean Square 4 29.4 4 27.8 4 35.0 4 27.3 1 136.2 1 182.4 1 102.5 1 173.6 4 29.4 4 27.8 4 35.0 4 27.3 366 .0 366 .1 366 .1 366 .0 371 371 371 371 370 370 370 370 has a statis ventory (F p < 0.0005: Cash (F (4 n Journal of F F 22 980.72 22 245.60 011 245.08 53 1434.2 45 4541.4 12 1610.2 573 718.03 98 9107.8 22 980.72 22 245.60 011 245.08 53 1434.2 030 13 43 019 stically sign (4,366) =98 partial η2 = 4,366) = 14 Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro Sig. Pa E Sq 27 .000 04 .000 89 .000 27 .000 44 .000 27 .000 37 .000 83 .000 27 .000 04 .000 89 .000 27 .000 nificant effe 80.73, p < = .729, Pay 434.27, p < ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ artial Eta quare d .915 .729 .728 .940 .925 .815 .662 .961 .915 .729 .728 .940 ct on all 0.0005: yables (F 0.0005: Furtherm model. H01: C geopoli From th SMEs i this, we on inve hypothe West ge H02: C geopoli From th SMEs i this we receivab hypothe geopoli 2021. H03: C geopoli From th SMEs i this we on paya hypothe West ge 2021. Ho4: C geopoli From th in South reject th SMEs i reveals Nigeria 4. Discu Results more, the v COVID 19 itical zone o he above res n South We e reject the n entory of SM esis that imp eopolitical z COVID 19 d itical zone o he above res n South We e reject the bles of SM esis that cov itical zone o COVID 19 itical zone o he above res n South We reject the nu ables of SM esis that dis eopolitical COVID 19 itical zone o he above res h West geop he null hyp in South W covid 19 ha a. The result ussion of fi from our fi values of th does not h of Nigeria sult, we disc est geopoliti null hypothe MEs in Sou plies that co zone of Nig does not ha of Nigeria sult, we disc est geopoliti e null hypo MEs in Sout vid 19 has of Nigeria. does not h of Nigeria sult, we dis est geopoliti ull hypothe MEs in Sou scovers cov zone of Ni 9 does not of Nigeria sult, we disc political zon pothesis tha West geopoli as a significa t is in tandem indings ndings show he R-square have signifi covered tha ical zone of esis which r uth West ge ovid 19 has a eria. The re ave signific covered that ical zone of othesis that th West geo a significan The result have signifi covered tha ical zone of sis that reve uth West ge id 19 has a geria. The have sign covered that ne of Nigeri at implies c itical zone ant effect on m with that ws that covi 17 e and Adju icant effect at covid 19 h f Nigeria be reveals that eopolitical a significan esult is in ta cant effect t covid 19 h f Nigeria be say covid opolitical z nt effect on is consisten ficant effec at covid 19 f Nigeria be eals that cov eopolitical z significant result sync nificant eff t covid 19 h ia because th ovid 19 do of Nigeria n the cash o t of Zhan 20 id 19 has a s Asian usted R squ t on invent has a signifi ecause the p , covid 19 d zone of Ni nt effect on t ndem with on receiva as a signific ecause the p 19 does n zone of Nig n the receiv nt with the t on payab has a signif ecause the p vid 19 ,does zone of Nig effect on th chronizes w fect on cas as a signific he p-value ( oes not have and accept f SMEs in S 020 and Ene significant e n Journal of F uare shows tory of SM icant effect -value (0.00 does not hav geria and a he inventory that of Zhan ables of SM cant effect o -value (0.00 not have sig geria and a vables of SM findings of bles of SM ficant effect -value (0.00 not have an geria and a he payables with that of sh of SME cant effect o (0.000) < 0.0 e significan t our altern South West g esi and Ibrah effect on inv Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro a good fit MEs in Sout on the inve 00) < 0.05 b ve significa accept our a ry of SMEs n 2020. MEs in Sout on the receiv 00) < 0.05 b ignificant e accept our a MEs in Sou f Enesi and MEs in Sout t on the pay 00) < 0.05 b ny significa accept our a s of SMEs i Enesi and Es in Sout on the cash o 05 based on nt effect on nate hypothe geopolitical him 2021. ventory, rece ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ t for the th West entory of based on ant effect alternate in South th West vables of based on ffect on alternate uth West Ibrahim th West yables of based on ant effect alternate in South Ibrahim th West of SMEs n this we cash of esis that l zone of eivables, payable the wor affirms financia consequ almost interest resultan 5. Reco The dat perspec Govern availabl as to re inaugur funds th Paramo projects enterpri scarcely enterpri medium in Acc pessimi express receivab study is SME’s covid 1 both de The SM income Nigeria Having compan must co operatio looking inwards Apparen es and cash rking capita that the SM al assistanc uential effec 75% of bus rate were n nt effect on ommendati ta and stud ctives. nment shoul le non-inter ecover from rate evaluat hat will enab ountly, the st s the signifi ises in Nige y examined ises ,there i m scale enter counting an istic, small s ses that inte bles, work i s one of the in developi 9 on workin veloping an ME’s are un generation a. said that, nies should ontinue to o on vis-à-vis g more critic s is managin ntly, we th of SMEs in al variables MEs really f ce or suppo ct of the pan sinesses in not provided the whole e ons dies underpi ld take into rest or low i m the conseq ion commit ble them to tudy results icance of Co eria. Investi d , although is a great n rprises dom nd Finance scale enterp ernal contex in progress e first pione ing econom ng capital m nd develope der severe p n, employm we the wri try to raise perate and o s the suffoc cally inward ng working erefore ack n the South W considered felt the effec ort from the ndemic. Als Nigeria, if d to rescue t economy. inning these paramount nterest bear quential eff ttees to stee continue th underscore ovid 19 on igations on h , given th need to exp main . Workin research, prise system xtual factors and finished er researche mies. Future management ed economie pressure to ment and ca iters concur e finance thr only require cation exper ds as a bailou capital and knowledge s 18 West geopo in the stud ct of covid 1 e governme so this will proper assi these SMEs e recomme t considerat ring loans th fect of the p er the cours heir operatio es the impor this particu the impact he legislativ plore workin ng capital m because o ms have on th s such as ca d goods inf es to empir e studies co t in manufac es in order t boost finan atalyzing d r that despi rough exter e a chunk o rience in fi ut of the situ d adopting w several lim Asian litical zone dy were affe 19 and this ent in orde be appropri istance in fo s from the e endations en tion the dyn hat can boo pandemic. e of the SM ons. rtance of wo ular dimensi of covid 19 ve impetus ng capital m management f the enor he economy ash, trade p fluence work rically exam ould explore cturing com to achieve b ncing param evelopment ite the dow rnal sources f finance to inance sour uation. One workable str itations dep n Journal of F of Nigeria. ected by cov may require r to quickly iate because orm of pall ffect of cov ncapsulate f namics of th st their prod Secondly, G MEs by prov orking capit ion in small 9 on workin for small managemen t should bec rmous effec y as a whole ayables / m king capital mine the imp e comparati mpanies from broader gene meters in ord t in urban n turn in e s. Notwithst o operate .Th rcing now l of the vario rategies goin picted in th Finance & Ac ISSN 19 2022, Vol. 1 ajfa.macro This shows vid 19 and t e them to so ly come ou e SMEs acc liatives, dec vid 19, it wil from the fo he SMEs an duction acti Governmen vision of pa tal managem l and mediu ng capital h and mediu nt in the sm come a topic ct, construc e. This study material inve l manageme pact of covi ively the im m the perspe eralizations der to contr and rural economic ac tanding, com he need to c leads to com ous ways of ng forward. his study th ccounting 946-052X 14, No. 1 think.org/ s that all this also olicit for ut of the count for crease in ll have a oregoing nd make vities so t should alliatives ment and um scale has been um scale mall and cal issue ctive or y visibly entories, ent .This id 19 on mpact of ective of s. ribute to areas in ctivities, mpanies continue mpanies f looking . at could advance into pa adversa from m The ove paramet studies exante p Referen Adedira working Nigeria https://s Akinsul Bukki, enterpri nigeria. https://d Cennim https://e Chen, J Small https://d Chow, econom 11(6), 4 Cook, S in https://d Druker, Hiatt, S surviva https://d Ishola, An auto Retriev https://l e broad insi aramount co arial effect, most other stu erdependen ters on SM should also position in o nces an, A. S., J g capital m a. Resea scialert.net/ lire, 0. (201 A., Ogunti ises (SMES . Annual J doi.org/10.2 mo. D. emedicine.m J. (2006). D Busines doi.org/10.1 C.K.W. & my in transit 489-505. htt S. (1999). C rural doi.org/10.1 , P.F. (2009) S. R. & We l amid poli doi.org/10.1 W.O., Olad oregressive ed lahoreschoo ights for fur onsideration our studies udies. nce of a sing ME’s could s o deliberate order to min Josiah, M., management arch Jou fulltext/?do 4). Financi mehin, Y. & S) owners’ Journal of 29114/Ajtuv (2020). medscape.co Developmen ss and 1108/14626 Fung, M.K tion: Implic tps://doi.org Creating wea chin 1111/j.1759- ). Innovatio esley, D.S. itical and c 1002/smj.21 dipo, O. D. distributed olofeconomi rther resear n, in order examined a gle key info suggest that on reducing nimize the e Bosun-Fak on the pro urnal of oi=rjbm.201 al managem & Adeyemi resources f Technica v.Vol3.Iss1. Coronaviru om/article nt of Chine d Ente 000610665 K.Y. (1996). cations for s g/10.1016/S alth and we a, I -5436.1999 on and Entre (2014). Cl civil violenc 113 & Oluseyi d lag appro ics.edu.pk/b 19 rch. First, d r to achieve a single ind ormant to ex t the results g the effect o effects of co kunle Y.F. & ofitability o f Busin 12.61.69 ment. Lagos i, M. (2019 mobilizatio al Univers 109 rus Disea ese small an erprise 854 Firm dyna small busine 0883-9026 elfare – entr IDS 9.mp300040 epreneurship lear and pre ce. Strategi , A. (2015) oach. The L businessjou Asian diverse subs e impactful dustry, which xamine the p s could be s of such bias onsistency a & Imuzeze, of small and ess Man s. El-Toda V 9). A study on and inno sity Of V ase. Retr nd medium Developme amics and in ess policy. J (96)00019- repreneursh Bulletin, 008.x p, New Yor esent dange ic Managem ). Smes and Lahore Jou urnals/V3iss n Journal of F ectors shou l generaliza h happens t potency of t subject to m s by conside artifacts. O. E. 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