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*Corresponding author: E-mail: ibrahimshnawa3@gmail.com; 
 
Cite as: SHNAWA, Ibrahim M S, ALGebori HSH, and Thewaini Q N. 2024. “Shared Allergenicity in a Lapin-Model of Delayed 
Htpersensitivity to Gram Negative Protoplasmic Sonicate Proteins PSP”. Asian Journal of Immunology 7 (1):181-84. 
https://journalaji.com/index.php/AJI/article/view/142. 
 

 
 

Asian Journal of Immunology 
 
Volume 7, Issue 1, Page 181-184, 2024; Article no.AJI.123083 
 

 
 

 

 

Shared Allergenicity in a Lapin-Model 
of Delayed Htpersensitivity to Gram 

Negative Protoplasmic Sonicate 
Proteins PSP 

 
Ibrahim M S SHNAWA a,b*, ALGebori HSH c  

and Thewaini Q N d 
 

a Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, AL-Qasim Green University, 
Qasim, Iraq. 

b College of Nursing Technology, University of Hilla, Iraq. 
c Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Babylon University, Iraq. 

d Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, AL Qasim Green University, Iraq. 
 

Authors’ contributions  
 

This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. All authors read and approved the final 
manuscript. 

 

Article Information 
 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/aji/2024/v7i1142  
 

Open Peer Review History: 
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Received: 07/07/2024 
Accepted: 10/09/2024 
Published: 20/09/2024 

 
 

ABSTRACT 
 

There were shared allergenicity in delayed type hypersensitivity between the protoplasmic sonicate 
proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with that of Klebsiella oxytoca Mild erythema was noted from 
6 to72 hrs post to P. aeruginosa (PSP) in Klebsiella oxytoca PSP primed rabbits (KOPSP). Mild, 
moderate to high erythema during 6 up to 72 hrs post to injecting KOPSP in PAPSP primed rabbits. 
Induration of 5 mm at 72 hrs of PAPSP intradermal ID injecting in KOPSP primed rabbits. While 

Short Research Article 

https://doi.org/10.9734/aji/2024/v7i1142
https://www.sdiarticle5.com/review-history/123083


 
 
 
 

SHNAWA et al.; Asian J. Immunol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181-184, 2024; Article no.AJI.123083 
 
 

 
182 

 

induration of 6 to 12 mm of KOPSP ID injected to PAPSP primed rabbits. Consenquently there was 
a high quantitative and /or potency of the allergenic fraction of KO than that of PA. The shared 
fractions were characterized as delayed allergenicity of bilateral or reciprocal type delayed 
allergenic nature. Such findings appeared to be novel contribution in bacterial protein allergens, 
with possible pan shared bacterial families. Preserved protein fraction between these two different 
gram negative representatives of bacterial families.  

 

 
Keywords: Bacterial antigens; shared antigenicity; shared immunogenicity. 
 

1. INTRODUCTION 
  
Bacterial antigens (BAG) may express shared 
antigenicity (SHAG), shared immunogenicity 
(SHI) and /or shared allergenicity (SHALL). 
These sharing fractions can be of quality, 
quantity and /or potencey. Unilateral or bilateral 
and reciprocal or non-reciprocal natuere. Shared 
immunogenicity showed a dual importance in 
clinical practice of human microbial infections. 
First it has cross-protection ability that is crucial 
in immunoprophylaction of infectious diseases. 
Sceond it is problematic in the immunodiagnosis 
of these diseases. Though, shared allergenicity 
stands as problematic issue in diagnosis and 
managment of human infectious diseases [1-8]. 
Thus, the present short communication was 
aimed at presenting shared delayed skin 
hypersensitivity between the intracellular proteins 
of two different gram negative bacteria. 
 

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 
  
PSP from P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca were 
prepared, partially purified, indentified and 
quantified as an intracellular bacterial proteins as 
in [9]. The concentration of PAPSP was 2.71 
mg/ml. and that of KOPSP was 1.81 mg/ml. The 
test immunogens were PAPSP+FCA and 
KOPSP+ CFA for P. aeruginosa and K. oxytoca 
respectively. Specific immune priming of rabbits 
with test immunogens were made as in [10]. DTH 
skin test was done and read as in [11]. 
Homologous skin DTH reactions scored as 
homologous sentisitins injected in rabbits primed 
with homologous protein. While heteologous 
shared DTH skin reactions were checked when 
heterologous sensitins injected in rabbits primed 
with heterologous proteins [11]. 
 

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
  

The ID injection of 0.1 ml. PAPSP sensitin in 
PAPSP specific immune primed rabbits was 
showing mild, moderate and high erythema 
reaction lasted from 6 up to 72 hrs. The 
induration reaction was evident at 48 hrs and 72 

hrs post injection of the sensitin as 10 and 18 
mm respectively. This accounts for the 
homologous delayed hypersensitivity reaction, 
Table 1 A1. While the ID injection of PAPSP to 
KOPSP specific immune primed rabbits has 
showed mild erythema reaction lasted from 6 up 
to 72 hrs post-injection of the sensitin. The 
induration reaction was evident at 72 hrs post 
injection of the sensitin as 6 mm around the 
injection site. This accounts for the shared 
allergenicity in skin DTH reaction, Table 1 B-1. 

 
The ID injection of 0.1 ml of KOPSP in KOPSP 
specific immune primed rabbits was showing an 
erythema reaction of mild nature as (+) for the 
duration of time lasted from 6 up to 72 hrs post 
injection of sensitin with nill induration reactions. 
This accounts for the homologous DTH reactions 
Table 1 /A-2. While the ID injection of 0.1 ml of 
KOPSP to PAPSP specific immune primed 
rabbits showed mild, moderate to high erythema 
reaction lasted from 6 up to 72 hrs respectively 
Table 1/ B-2. Induration reactions were apparent 
in 6 mm for 48 hrs and 12 mm for 72 hrs post 
injection of sensitins This accounts for shared 
DTH reactions with nill necrosis reactions were 
evident . Results tabulated in Table 1 indicate 
that there was bilateral shared DTH allergenicity 
between PSP proteins of P. aeruginosa and K. 
oxytoca and the nature of this shared 
allergenicity be of quantitative rather than 
qualitative.In which K. oxytoca PSP shared 
allergenicity was more in quantity than that of P. 
aeruginosa PSP in rabbit models. 

 
Changes in the conformation of the allergenic 
epitopes are mostly, paralleled by change in in 
the nature of their allergenic responses [2]. 
Protein allergens expressed potential risk for 
cross reactivity [3]. Modification of corticosteroid 
from their original core structure may frequently 
lead to cross-allergenicity to the new form of the 
corticosteroid [4]. Three patterns of cross 
allergenicity to proton pump inhibitors were 
indicated [5]. T cells are taking part in the DTH to 
quinolones reactions and cross-reactivity to other 
quinolones [6]. Human adenovirus serotypes 



 
 
 
 

SHNAWA et al.; Asian J. Immunol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181-184, 2024; Article no.AJI.123083 
 
 

 
183 

 

Table 1. Shared heterologous rabbit skin DTH as compared to the homologous rabbit skin DTH 
reactions 

 

Nature of skin DTH/reactions per hours Erythema Induration in mm Necrosis 

A – 1/Homologous PASP in PAPSP primed rabbits 
6 
48 
72 

 
+ 
++ 
+++ 

 
- 
10 
18 

 
- 
- 
- 

A -2/Homologous of KOPSP in KOPSP primed rabbits 
6 
48 
72 

 
+ 
+ 
+ 

 
- 
- 
- 

 
- 
- 
- 

B-1./Heterologous PAPSP in KOPSP primed rabbits 
6 
48 
72 

 
+ 
+ 
+ 

 
- 
- 
6 

 
- 
- 
- 

B -2/Heterologous KOPSP in PAPSP primed rabbits 
6 
48 
72 

 
+ 
++ 
+++ 

 
- 
6 
12 

 
- 
- 
- 

 
express cross-reactivity in inducing DTH [7]. 
Leukocyte migration inhibition to various cepham 
antibiotics displayed cepham shared 
allergeninicity in DTH reactions [8]. 
 

Bacterial antigenic epitopes can be with an array 
of immune potentials such as; immunogenic, 
autoreactive, immunosuppressive, and /or 
delayed type hypersensitivity inducing nature 
[12]. There were marked shared reactivity of 
burilin of M. ulcerans to tuberculin PPD of M 
tuberculosis as indicated by the induration upon 
intradermal injection. So that burilin positive 
patients when analysed in conjugation with either 
the presence of BCG scar or retesting of BCG 
vaccination, 12 of 14 BCG vaccinated burilin 
patients were burilin positive and 6 of the 12 
were also PPD positive [13]. It had been reported 
that there were cell mediated immunity cross 
reactions of various species of mycobacteria that 
had been attributed to polymorphism of taget 
bacterial antigens [14]. 
 

4. CONCLUSION 
 

The present short communiction was focusing 
onto sharing in delayed hypersenitvity inducing 
epiopes from intracellular proteins of P. 
aeruginosa and K. oxytoca with rather difference 
in quantity of the allergenic fractions. Both of 
which produce erythema and induration to 
variable degrees with absence of necrosis up to 
72 hrs post to sensitin injection through ID route. 
Shared delayed hypersensitivity induced by 
intracellular bacterial protein that was functionally 
mapped in this short communication can be 
characteized as in the followings; 

1. The shared allergenic epitope is in or on 
protoplasmic sonicate protein with an 
intracellular location with possible oligo- 
amino acid sequence nature. 

2. Function as delayed type allergen. 
3. Response produces erythema and 

induration but not necrosis. 
4. Express quantitative differences among 

different protoplasm sonicate proteins 
5. This shared allergenic epitope is of 

bilateral reciprocal nature. 
6. Attributed to T cell dependent 

hypersensitivity reactions, [1,12]. 
7. Such sharing delayed allergenic epitopes 

between bacteria that belongs to different 
gram negative families.It might be a pan 
shared preserved protein fraction,which 
may stands as a novel finiding. 

 

DISCLAIMER (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)  
 

Authors hereby declare that NO generative 
technologies such as Large Language Models 
(ChatGPT, COPILOT, etc.) and text-to-image 
generators have been used during writing or 
editing of this manuscript.  
 

CONSENT 
 

It is not applicable. 
 

ETHICAL APPROVAL 
 

The care, housing, handing and experimentation 
on rabbits were done following the international 
acts regulating care, housing, hnadling and 
intervention. 



 
 
 
 

SHNAWA et al.; Asian J. Immunol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 181-184, 2024; Article no.AJI.123083 
 
 

 
184 

 

COMPETING INTERESTS 
 
Authors have declared that no competing 
interests exist. 
 

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