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Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences 
Vol. 9, No. 1, 1-8, 2022 

ISSN(E) 2313-8173 / ISSN(P) 2518-0134 
DOI: 10.20448/arees.v9i1.3786 

© 2022 by the authors; licensee Asian Online Journal Publishing Group 

 
 

 
 
 
Investigation of 5-Year Interconnections between Local Earth Magnetic Field 
Fluctuations and Acute Myocardial Infarction in Lithuania 

 
Vilmantas Smalinskas1 
Alfonsas Vainoras1,3 
Greta Ziubryte2,3 
Gediminas Jarusevicius3 
Minvydas Kazys Ragulskis4  
Rollin McCraty5 

 

 
( Corresponding Author) 

 
1Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. 
2Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Kaunas, 
Lithuania. 
3Cardiology Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania. 
4Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania. 
5HeartMath Institute, California, USA. 
 
1Email: vilmantas.smalinskas@lsmuni.lt  
1,3Email: alfavain@gmail.com  
2,3Email: greta.ziubryte@gmail.com  
3Email: gedijaru@yahoo.com  
4Email: minvydas.ragulskis@ktu.lt  
5Email: rollin@hearthmath.org   

 
Abstract 

The impact of the local Earth magnetic field (LEMF) on cardiovascular events has been studied 
recently. Data gathered during past years encouraged us to conduct this epidemiological analysis 
evaluating the association between changes in LEMF and hospital admissions due to AMI in 
Lithuania between August 2014 and September 2019. This study is unique due to its coverage of 
all Lithuanian patients. The frequency of morbidity of AMI was compared with the intensity of 
the LEMF and correlation coefficient was evaluated. The LEMF was measured by the Global 
Coherence Monitoring Network magnetometer located in Lithuania. LEMF was measured by 
pikotesla square (pT²). The LEMF was analized in five frequency ranges [Hz], generally called 
between Schumann resonance, which overlap with the human brain activity waves on 
electroencefalogram (EEG) frequency ranges (here, they are named as SDelta (0-3.5Hz), STheta 
(3.5-7Hz), SAlpha (7-15Hz), SBeta (15-32Hz) and SGamma (32-65Hz) to distinguish from the 
EEG bands). Significant correlations between weekly admissions of AMI cases and the weekly 
LEMF strength in five frequency ranges and in total range was found. A clear negative 
correlation was observed between cases of AMI in female group and LEMF frequency ranges 
SDelta (0-3.5Hz), STheta (3.5-7Hz), SAlpha (7-15Hz), SBeta (15-32Hz) and in total range. In the 
second half of the year the number of AMI is lower, therefore negative correlations between 
SDelta (0-3.5Hz), STheta (3.5-7Hz), SAlpha (7-15Hz) and SBeta (15-32Hz) ranges are stronger 
than in the first one. This is particularly noticeable in 2016 and 2018 years. 

 
Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, The local earth magnetic field. 

 
Citation | Vilmantas Smalinskas; Alfonsas Vainoras; Greta 
Ziubryte; Gediminas Jarusevicius; Minvydas Kazys Ragulskis; 
Rollin McCraty (2022). Investigation of 5-Year Interconnections 
between Local Earth Magnetic Field Fluctuations and Acute 
Myocardial Infarction in Lithuania. Asian Review of Environmental 
and Earth Sciences, 9(1): 1-8. 
History:  
Received: 1 December 2021 
Revised: 15 February 2022 
Accepted: 3 March 2022 
Published: 17 March 2022 
Licensed: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons 

Attribution 4.0 License  
Publisher:  Asian Online Journal Publishing Group 
 

Funding: This study received no specific financial support. 
Authors’ Contributions: All authors contributed equally to the conception 
and design of the study. 
Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of 
interest. 
Transparency: The authors confirm that the manuscript is an honest, 
accurate, and transparent account of the study; that no vital features of the 
study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned 
have been explained. 
Ethical: This study followed all ethical practices during writing. 

 

 
 

mailto:vilmantas.smalinskas@lsmuni.lt
mailto:alfavain@gmail.com
mailto:greta.ziubryte@gmail.com
mailto:gedijaru@yahoo.com
mailto:minvydas.ragulskis@ktu.lt
mailto:rollin@hearthmath.org
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://www.doi.org/10.20448/arees.v9i1.3786


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Contents 
1. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 
2. Methods and Procedures ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 
3. Results ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 
4. Discussions ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 
5. Limitations ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 
6. Conclusions .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 
References ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 
 

Contribution of this paper to the literature: 
This is the first ever analysis presenting one-country population’s relation between incidences 
of acute myocardial infarction and changes in local Earth magnetic field.  

 
1. Introduction 

The aging population inevitably faces increasing morbidity and mortality associated with ischaemic heart 
disease [1, 2]. Despite improving therapeutic and interventional treatment methods, acute myocardial infarction 
(AMI) remains one of the leading causes of hospital admissions and mortality worldwide, responsible for almost 10 
million deaths annually [1, 2]. The growing evidence of complexity of pathogenesis of AMI accounting more than 
existence of ordinary cardiovascular risk factors (stress, smoking, obesity, comorbidities, and unhealthy lifestyle) 
has been accumulated over past decades [3-8]. It was hypothesised that certain changes in the environment may 
adjust the occurrence of AMI and other cardiovascular diseases [3-8]. Ambient temperature fluctuations, humidity, 
and atmospheric pressure are the best-studied components, but not the only ones [3, 9-13].  

Increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in association with fluctuation of ambient 
temperature alone have been proved repeatedly all over the world [13-15]. In contrary to previous opinion, that 
increased incidences of AMI were associated with higher ambient temperature [14-17], Claeys, et al. [18] have 
found that decrease of ambient temperature by 10 degrees of Celsius, increases the risk of AMI by 10 percent [18]. 
Similarly, German scientists have found that 10 degrees of Celsius decrease of ambient temperature may increase 
the risk of AMI within five days by 10 percent [15]. Even more, Claeys, et al. [18] assume that low ambient 
temperature is one of the essential factors for onset of AMI for medium latitude population and is more critical than 
physical extension or psychological stress [18]. Similarly, numerous MONICA study (monitoring trends and 
determinants in cardiovascular disease) performed between 1985 and 1994 have found that the decrease of temperature 
by 10 degrees of Celsius is associated with 13 percent increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular 
diseases [19]. The importance of atmospheric pressure on cardiovascular events has been highlighted in the same 
study [19]. Scientists identified that a 10-bar decreased or increased pressure below or above the 1016 mbar is 
associated with increased incidences by 12 and 11 percent, respectively [19]. Evidence of atmospheric pressure 
impact on cardiovascular disease has been proved by scientists Ozheredov, et al. [4] found that increased 
atmospheric pressure positively correlates with arterial blood pressure [4, 11].  

Surprisingly, Chinese scientists found that cold weather, in combination with air pollution, has the strongest 
effect on cardiovascular mortality [20]. In consistence, air and water pollution are considered as factors severely 
triggering the AMI in addition to strokes, cardiac arrhythmias, and pulmonary diseases [9]. It is known that 
inhaled ultrasmall particles cause local inflammatory processes resulting in bronchitis and pneumonia. 
Nevertheless, the local inflammatory chain induces systemic inflammation, which can predispose endothelial 
dysfunction resulting in atherosclerosis progression and vulnerable plaque ruptures manifesting as AMI [9].  

Humans’ interactions with the environment are obvious analysing the effect of daylight on human mental and 
physical health in addition to the regulation of the circadian rhythms Guillaume, et al. [9]; Abbott, et al. [21]. 
Wang, et al. [22] established that circadian rhythms disruption has negative effect on morbidity and mortality due 
to heart diseases [9, 22]. The periodicity of AMI has a significant correlation to circadian rhythms [9, 23]. 
Fornasari, et al. [24] have summarised that human haemostasis is strongly associated with circadian rhythms 
[24]. It was found that platelet aggregation and coagulant factors concentration are increased in morning hours in 
addition to decreased fibrinolytic activity and blood velocity increasement at that time of the day [24]. 

Moreover, circadian periodicity of incidences of cardiac arrhythmias and cardiovascular events has been 
repeatedly proved [25, 26]. Even more, Solar activity and its wind-storms forming geomagnetic storms (GS) may 
have similar effect on human health [5]. It was found that GS may significantly increase platelet aggregation, 
blood coagulation, and its viscosity in addition to decreased blood flow in small and medium vessels [24].  

Additionally, the impact of the local Earth magnetic field (LEMF) on cardiovascular events has been studied 
during past years. It was identified that increase of LEMF in certain frequencies affects differently vulnerable 
patients, for example, increased LEMF activity in low-frequency ranges were associated with increased prevalence 
of acute cardiac arrhythmias [27-29]. In contrast, increased LEMF activity in higher frequency ranges positively 
correlated with ischaemic cardiac events [27-29]. Nevertheless, Liboff [30] hypothesised that ion cyclotron 
resonance mechanism, which effect on myocardium cell has been proved under laboratory conditions, is responsible 
for LEMF effect on humans’ health [30, 31]. Moreover, LEMF increase negatively influence the sensitivity of 
baroreceptors, which are responsible for heart rhythm variability (HRV), which is essential maintaining 
compensatory mechanism in healthy people and increased blood pressure variability, which may lead to 
hypertensive crisis in certain patients [8]. Even more, it was found that for people isolated from LEMF, the 
diastolic blood pressure reduces at least 2 mm Hg, and the capillary blood flow increases at least 17 percent [32]. 
That let assume that LEMF may increase vessel wall tone, which in severe cases, may be responsible for cardiac 
deaths [33]. Data gathered during past years encouraged us to perform this epidemiological analysis evaluating 
the association between changes in LEMF and hospital admissions due to AMI in Lithuania in period from August 
2014 till September 2019.  
 



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2. Methods and Procedures 
In total, 31220 patients diagnosed with AMI who were treated in all Lithuanian hospitals between 1st of 

August 2014 and 30th of September 2019 were included into our study. 
Patients’ morbidity and mortality data has been taken from The Institute of Hygiene in Lithuania. The AMI 

accidents were compared with the LEMF intensity and correlation coefficient was evaluated.  
The LEMF was measured by the Global Coherence Monitoring Network magnetometer located in Radviliskis 

district, near Baisogala town in Lithuania. LEMF was measured by pikotesla square (pT²) – power of local 
electromagnetic field in chosen frequency range.  

The LEMF was analized in five frequency ranges [Hz], generally called between Schumann resonance, which 
overlap with the human brain activity waves on electroencefalogram (EEG) frequency ranges (here, they are 
named as SDelta (0-3.5Hz), STheta (3.5-7Hz), SAlpha (7-15Hz), SBeta (15-32Hz) and SGamma (32-65Hz) to 
distinguish from the EEG bands).  

The LEMF was measured in two (north/south and east/west) orientations. The east/west direction has been 
chosen for further analysis following the Heart Math Institute recommendations as this LEMF direction stronger 
influence the human health processes. 

Seasonal and annual fluctuations of LEMF intensity are shown in Figure 1. Data are obtained from Global 
Coherence Monitoring Network magnetometer located in Lithuania, website https://www.heartmath.org.  
 

 
Figure 1. Average of the intensity of LEMF in all months of each year. 

 
 To determine the most reliable period of grouping and not to miss the delay effect of LEMF, all AMI cases 
were grouped daily, by three days, seven days and monthly. Daily grouping does not include the three-day period 
which is determined as the optimal delay effect period, therefore grouping by three and seven days are more 
reliable. Nevertheless, monthly grouping produces the highest significance, but it may be influenced by seasonal 
changes stronger than the weekly ones. To miss as less as possible impact of LEMF action, it was decided to group 
all cases weekly, therefore further analyses will be given accordingly. Seasonal fluctuations of LEMF and AMI are 
shown in Figure 2.  
 

 
Figure 2. Correlation between EW orientation LEMF and AMI calculating in various groups of averaging. 

 



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The statistical analysis was performed using the software package SPSS 20.0. Pearson correlation coefficient 
for the linear correlation between two variables was calculated. The level of p < 0,05 was considered as statistically 
significant. 
 

3. Results 
Of all, 18379 (58.9%) patients were male and 12841 (41.1%) were female. In average 504 patients were 

admitted to Lithuanian hospitals due to AMI monthly.  
Significant correlations between weekly admissions of AMI cases and the weekly LEMF strength in five 

frequency ranges and in total range was found. Further results will be given in certain frequency ranges.  
 

3.1. 0-3,5 Hz (SDelta) Ran 
 A negative correlation coefficient (r = - 0.47, p = 0.017) between AMI cases in female and LEMF in 0-3.5 Hz 
frequency range (SDelta) was found in the first half year of 2016. Even stronger correlations remain in the second 
half of 2016 (r = - 0.625, p = 0.001) and in the second half year of 2018 (r = - 0.519, p = 0.006). Negative 
correlation was observed in male group only in the second half year of 2018 (r = - 0.388, p = 0.046). A stronger 
negative correlation between AMI and LEMF was observed in the total group when comparing male and female 
groups separately. Strong negative correlation between AMI in total group and this range was observed in the 
second half year of 2016 (r = - 0.692, p = 0.000) and in the second half year of 2018 (r = - 0.567, p = 0.002), they 
are presented in Figure 3.  
 

 
Figure 3. Fluctuations of correlation coefficient between 0-3,5 Hz (SDelta) LEMF and AMI for each gender in different periods. 

 
Summarizing the effect of the SDelta frequency range and its prevailing negative correlations with AMI cases, 

might be said that stronger LEMF in 0-3.5 Hz is associated with lower number of AMI cases in both males and 
females. Even more, its significance were stronger form females. Therefore, this range can be accepted as having a 
positive effect on people with predominant ischaemic heart disease (IHD). 
 

3.2. 3,5-7Hz (STheta) Range 
 A negative correlation coefficient (r = - 0.478, p = 0.013) between AMI cases in female and LEMF in 3.5-7 Hz 
frequency range (STheta) was found in the first half year of 2016 and remained through the second half year of 
2016 (r = - 0.513, p = 0.007) and the second half year of 2018 (r = - 0.481, p = 0.011). A single negative correlation 
in male group was observed in the second half year of 2016 (r = - 0.449, p = 0.021). A stronger negative correlation 
between AMI and LEMF was observed in the whole group compared to male and female groups separately. Strong 
negative correlation between AMI in whole group and this range was observed in the second half year of 2016 (r = 
- 0.701, p < 0.000) and in the second half year of 2018 (r = - 0.505, p = 0.007).  
 Finally, correlation coefficients in 3.5-7 Hz (STheta) frequency range were more significant in female group 
and in whole study population compared to male group, especially in the second half of 2016 and 2018 year. These 
results suggest that STheta frequency range as well as SDelta frequency range has a positive effect on humans’ 
with IHD and may be protecting against AMI.  
 

3.3. 7-15 Hz (SAlpha) Range 
A negative correlation coefficient (r = - 0.431, p = 0.028) between AMI cases in female and LEMF in 7-15 Hz 

frequency range (SAlpha) was found in the first half year of 2016 and remained through the second half year of 
2016 (r = - 0.543, p = 0.004), the second half year of 2017 (r = - 0.395, p = 0.041) and the second half year of 2018 
(r = - 0.507, p = 0.007). A single negative correlation in male group was observed in the second half year of 2016 (r 



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= - 0.461, p = 0.018). A stronger negative correlation between AMI and LEMF was observed in the whole study 
population compared to male and female groups separately. Strong negative correlation between AMI in whole 
study population and this range was observed in the second half year of 2016 (r = - 0.732, p < 0.000), second half 
year of 2017 (r = - 0.391, p = 0.044) and the second half year of 2018 (r = - 0.545, p = 0.003).  

Summarizing, correlation coefficient in 7-15 Hz (SAlpha) frequency range was more significant for women and 
in general population, especially in the second half of 2016 and 2018 year. This, as well as SDelta and STheta 
frequency ranges, is associated with less AMI cases in Lithuanian patients.  
 

3.4. 15-32 Hz (SBeta) Range 
A negative correlation coefficient (r = - 0.436, p = 0.026) between AMI cases in female and LEMF in 15-32 Hz 

frequency range (SBeta) was observed in the first half year of 2016 and remained through the second half year of 
2016 (r = - 0.502, p = 0.009), the second half year of 2017 (r = - 0.410, p = 0.033) and the second half year of 2018 
(r = - 0.431, p = 0.025). A single negative correlation was observed in male group in the second half year of 2016 (r 
= - 0.481, p = 0.013). A stronger negative correlation between AMI and LEMF was observed in the whole study 
population compared to male and female groups separately. Strong negative correlation between AMI in total 
group and this range was observed in the second half year of 2016 (r = - 0.715, p = 0.000), negative correlation was 
observed in the second half year of 2017 (r = - 0.388, p = 0.046) and in the second half year of 2018 (r = - 0.484, p 
= 0.010).  

In summary, correlation coefficient between AMI and LEMF in 15-32 Hz (SBeta) frequency range was more 
significant in women and in general study population, especially in the second half of 2016 and 2018 year. 

Summarizing, all these frequency ranges might be called low frequency range as all these effect on human 
cardiovascular system is quite similar. Increased their intensity significantly correlates with less admission due to 
AMI in all Lithuanian patients. 
 

3.5. 32-65 Hz (SGamma) Range 
Slightly different trends of correlations were found in SGamma frequency range. This range is known for its 

positive correlation coefficients with AMI cases. The first positive correlation coefficients (r = 0.410, p = 0.038) 
were found through the first half year of 2016 in whole study population and through the first half year of 2018 (r 
= 0.417, p = 0.038) in female group. A negative correlation between AMI and LEMF was observed only in the 
whole study population through the second half year of 2016 (r = - 0.467, p = 0.016) which compared to general 
view seems rather an exception from the rule. That are shown in Figure 4.  
 

 
Figure 4. Fluctuations of correlation coefficient between 32-65 Hz (SGamma) LEMF and AMI for each gender in different periods. 

 
SGamma rage is the only range were positive correlation between AMI and LEMF was identified. This let 

assume that this frequency range is significantly associated with negative outcomes for people with predominant 
IHD.  
 

3.6. Comparison of Range’s Effects in Half-Years 
Correlation between the number of AMI and intensity of LEMF was different not only in various frequency 

ranges but it was also diverse in the first and the second half year, besides they are different in every year. In order 
to establish a consistent pattern of LEFM we calculated correlations separately in the first and in the second half of 
the year. Results are presented in Table 1.  

 
 



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Table 1. Correlation coefficients between each range of LEMF and AMI in first and second half year. Ratio of the half-year average 
correlation coefficient.  

Magnetic 
field 
intensity 
range 

Group HY1 HY2 HY1/HY2 

0-3.5 Hz Total -0.22 -0.32 -0.11 -0.36 -0.06 -0.29 -0.22 -0.69** -0.28 -0.57** 1.92 
Male -0.29 -0.04 -0.34 -0.22 0.13 -0.28 -0.34 -0.32 -0.12 -0.39* 1.90 

Female -0.02 -0.47* 0.27 -0.32 -0.27 -0.23 -0.01 -0.63** -0.26 -0.52** 2.04 
3.5-7 Hz Total -0.20 -0.35 -0.12 -0.23 -0.07 -0.32 -0.22 -0.70** -0.33 -0.51** 2.14 

Male -0.26 -0.06 -0.39 -0.12 0.14 -0.24 -0.32 -0.45* -0.12 -0.33 2.10 
Female -0.03 -0.48* 0.31 -0.24 -0.29 -0.35 -0.03 -0.51** -0.33 -0.48* 2.39 

7-15 Hz Total -0.19 -0.26 -0.08 -0.17 -0.08 -0.26 -0.24 -0.73** -0.39* -0.55** 2.77 
Male -0.34 0.01 -0.30 -0.09 0.13 -0.20 -0.31 -0.46* -0.14 -0.36 2.50 

Female 0.06 -0.43* 0.26 -0.17 -0.29 -0.26 -0.07 -0.54** -0.40* -0.51** 3.09 
15-32 Hz Total -0.17 -0.23 -0.11 -0.13 -0.14 -0.24 -0.22 -0.72** -0.39* -0.48* 2.63 

Male -0.26 0.05 -0.32 -0.08 0.06 -0.16 -0.33 -0.48* -0.12 -0.34 2.63 
Female 0.01 -0.44* 0.24 -0.12 -0.31 -0.27 -0.03 -0.50** -0.41* -0.43* 2.67 

32-65 Hz Total -0.07 0.41* -0.06 0.26 -0.26 -0.11 0.22 -0.47* 0.17 0.33 0.55 
Male 0.25 0.25 -0.07 -0.02 -0.08 -0.05 0.26 -0.38 0.08 0.27 0.60 

Female -0.32 0.32 0.01 0.42* -0.35 -0.16 0.10 -0.27 0.15 0.25 0.94 
Year  2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018  

Note: 
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). 
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). 

 
In our study a clear trend was observed: in the second half-year correlation coefficients in all the ranges of 0-32 

Hz are negative in total group, male and female groups. It means LEMF of 0-32 Hz has protective action for AMI. 
This tendency is not so clear for 32-65 Hz (SGamma) range.  

Different effect of LEMF on AMI in the second half-year than in the first one. The ratio of the half-year 
average correlation coefficients shows correlation in the second-half year are 1.90-3.09 stronger than in the first 
one. This trend was not observed in SGamma range. 
 

4. Discussions 
We represent the first such numerous study focused on morbidity of AMI in Lithuanian population within the 

period of five years. In consistence with previous studies, our data showed that higher intensity LEMF in low 
frequency ranges is associated with improved cardiovascular health [34]. 

In the first half of the year, as in summer, the axis of the northern hemisphere of the earth is tilted to the sun 
more. At that time, solar wind is stronger as the main determinant of LEMF. At that time the solar wind as the 
main determinant of LEMF is stronger. Stronger solar wind leads to stronger LEMF in all ranges, possibly 
resulting in post-exposure AMI, although the action of different ranges of LEMF is different. 

Jarusevicius et al. have proved that stronger magnetic field in low frequency range is associated with lower 
number of weekly hospital admissions due to ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [28]. Even more, 
similar results have been repeatedly shown in other study investigating the relation between weekly accidents of 
unstable angina and changes in the LEMF intensity in five frequency ranges [29]. 

This is the first study with such deep focus on different frequency ranges of LEMF and their associations to 
certain cardiovascular disease. In contrary to physics, where low frequency range is described as the range between 
0 and 300 Hz, in biophysics and biomedicine the low frequency range does not extend the 15 Hz. Nevertheless, the 
positive effect of ultra-low-frequency-range (0-0.02 Hz) on endothelium function has been found couple years ago 
[35], therefore, strong negative correlations in extremely low frequency range (0-3.5Hz and 3.5-7Hz) in our study 
might be explained by this phenomena. It is interesting, that with increasing range of the LEMF, the correlations 
get a little bit weaker. Most probably, due to weaken positive effect on cardiovascular system.  

In Europe, the electric power network works on average 50 Hz frequency range [32]. It is normal, that in 
Schumann resonance spectrum, this is the leading intensity of LEMF in our country. Nevertheless, exactly this 
range has been proved to be associated with negative cardiovascular events especially ischemic ones [28, 29]. 
Moreover, most magnetic storms are associated with the diapason of LEMF frequencies between 32 and 65 Hz 
[35]. Therefore, any geomagnetic storm may result in increased morbidity of AMI. Not surprisingly, the effect of 
magnetic storms has been repeatedly proved by various scientists globally. One of the strongest evidence has been 
collected in Russia’s laboratories [35]. Zenchenko, et al. [35] have found that in presence of magnetic storm, the 
capillary blood flow significantly reduces, as well as significant reduction in arterial blood flow which might be 
directly correlated with occurrences of AMI and acute cerebrovascular ischaemias [35]. Moreover, certain effects 
of LEMF fluctuations on cell proliferation and gene expressions have been proposed in past decade Lee, et al. [34]. 
In Lee, et al. [34] study was found that under stronger magnetic field in 30-60Hz frequency range, the cells’ 
normal cycles are inhibited and those small, but significant circle delays may result in increased cell proliferation 
but do not induce cell death what all together may result in neoplasms [34].  

 

5. Limitations  
This study has some limitations. Patients who were diagnosed with AMI and were hospitalized in Lithuanian 

hospitals were included in the study. Patients who were diagnosed with AMI but who were not hospitalized - were 
not included to the study, but some patients had AMI at home and did not receive medical attention, so the amount 
of AMI may not be complete. 

In such cases, if a sudden death (even AMI) occurs at home and the patient is not able to be hospitalized - such 
patients were not included to the study. 



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6. Conclusions 
1. A clear negative correlation was observed between cases of AMI in female group and LEMF frequency 

ranges: SDelta, STheta, Salpha and Sbeta. 
2. Correlation coeficients between cases of AMI in female group and LEMF frequency ranges Sdelta, STheta, 

SAlpha, SBeta are similar. Correlation coeficients between cases of AMI in total group and LEMF 
frequency ranges SDelta, STheta, SAlpha, SBeta are similar.  

3. A negative correlation between cases of AMI in male group and the same LEMF frequency ranges are also 
obvious. 

4. Due to the larger number of subjects, even stronger correlations is observed in the overall sample. 
5. In the second half of the year the number of AMI is lower, therefore negative correlations between SDelta, 

STheta, SAlpha and SBeta ranges are stronger than in the first one. This is particularly noticeable in 2016 
and 2018 years. 

6. Interestingly, the LEMF SGamma range had a statistically significant positive correlation between female 
morbidity due to AMI in the first half year of 2016, but correlation was significantly negative in the second 
half of that year. 

It is obvious correlation between morbidity of AMI and LEMF. LEMF in frequency ranges 0-32 Hz have 
positive impact on human health and may act protectively. High frequency range (32-65 Hz) has significantly 
negative effect on IHD provoking AMI and may lead to worser outcomes.  

 
Nomenclature: 
AMI Acute myocardial infarction. 
LEMF Local Earth magnetic field. 
GS Geomagnetic storms. 
HRV Heart rhythm variability. 
EEG Electroencefalogram. 
IHD Ischemic heart disease. 
 

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