Phytodiversity of Vegetation of Khadgawan Block, Dist-Koria (Chhattisgarh) India


Asian Review of Environmental 

and Earth Sciences 
ISSN: 2313-8173 
Vol. 1, No. 3, 61-65, 2014 

http://www.asianonlinejournals.com/index.php/AREES 

 
 

 

* Corresponding Author 

 

 

61 

 

Phytodiversity of Vegetation of Khadgawan Block, Dist-

Koria (Chhattisgarh) India 
 

Mantosh Kumar Sinha
1*

 --- Deepima Sinha
2 

 
1
K.R. Technical College, Sarguja University, Ambikapur (Chhattisgarh) India 

2
Sarguja Vishwavidyalaya Engineering College Lakhanpur Ambikapur (Chhattisgarh) India 

 

Abstract 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License 

Asian Online Journal Publishing Group 

 

Contents 
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... 62 

2. Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................................................................. 62 

3. Results & Discussion ................................................................................................................................................................. 62 

4. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................................. 62 

References ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 64 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The district Koria has a very rich flora exhibiting diversity specially of medicinal plants. There is no 

comprehensive description of  

the flora of the district is available . The district has a  tribal population using enormous range of plants 

for their basic needs, sustenance and livelihood. 

Keeping these points in view the Present paper deals with diversity of the medicinal plants of the district 

and their ecological status. Vegetational analysis of Khadgawan  block  revealed some interesting 

observations on phytosociological characters  enumerate   94 medicinal plants were recorded.  The 

common plant species showing maximum frequency were Tribulus terrestris (90%), Vicia sativa (80%) 

and Jatropha curcas, Cleome gynandra and Blumea lacera (70%).  

Population-wise Cleome gynandra and Vicia sativa were high showing maximum density of 66.6 and 

66.3 respectively.  Cleome gynandra was most abundantly found.  Other  abundantly found species at 

Khadgawan were Thysanolaena agrostis and Cymbopogon martini.  At this site, Caesalpinia 

bonducella, Hemidesmus indicus, Mimosa pudica, Salmalia malabaricum were the plants which showed 

minimum frequency values of only 20%. 

Minimum density and abundance was exhibited by Leucas cephalotes, Dioscorea bulbifera and 

Salmalia malabaricum .  Acorus calamus, Caesalpinia bonducella, Amomum subulatum and 

Hemidesmus indicus were the rare species at this site. 
 

     Keywords: Phytosociology, Khadgawan, Vegetation, % Frequency. 

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Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2014, 1(3): 61-65 

 

 

 

 

62 

 

1. Introduction 
India contains about 8% of world's biodiversity on 2% of the earth's surface, making  it one  of the 12 mega       

diversity countries in the world.  This is based on the species richness   and levels of endemism recorded in a        

wide range of taxa of both plants and animals. 

Chhattisgarh, the 26th state of the country, has ample variation in physical and cultural features.  It has about 

44% of its total geographical area covered with forests.  It enjoys hot and humid climate and gains rainfall from both 

north-east and south-west monsoon. 

Koria district in Chhattisgarh is very rich in natural vegetation and biological wealth. The district lies between 

22
0
58’ to 23

0
49’ North latitude and 81

0
33’ to 82

0
45’ East longitude and has a forest area of 81.23%. average rainfall 

is 121.36 cm. and annual mean temperature is 240C.  The district is dominated by Upper Gondwana rocks which are 

rich in deposition of coal. The vegetation particularly the forests have not been explored fully excepting a few reports 

from the forest department Tiwari Pranesh [1]  There is no report on the rich forest flora of the district. Keeping these 

points in view the present investigation was planned to enumerated phytosociological analysis of vegetation of 

medicinal plants belonging to Khadgawan block.  

 

2. Materials and Methods 
Extensive field survey was undertaken during 2006  to 2008.The phytodiversity  of tropical dry deciduous forests 

was explored. The district comprises 5 development block, namely, Baikunthpur,Sonhat, Manendragarh, Khadgavan 

and Bharatpur. This study was done in the Khadgawan block of the district.  

Khadgawan block included study sites which were widely separated from each other, encompassing an area of   

30 km
2
.  Study sites were visited of frequent intervals and a thorough sampling was done to document the species 

diversity. The plant specimens were preserved, identified and a herbarium has been prepared. Identification of 

medicinal plants species was primarily done by gathering local information regarding availability and utilization of 

various wild medicinally important plants. 

The sampling sites were selected randomly these are Podidih, Peeparbahra, jilda, Duggi, Kadambahra, Podi, 

Bachra, Bardar, Chopan, Bharda, Pendari, Mangora, Kodangi, and Kanharbahra. (Fig-1) 

The phytosociological characters, such as, % frequency, density and abundance were also recorded as per 

method described by Mishra [2].   

 

3. Results & Discussion 
Phytosociological observations on medicinal plants belonging to Khadgawan block enumerated , 94 medicinal 

plants were recorded.  the common plant species showing maximum frequency were Tribulus terrestris (90%), Vicia 

sativa (80%) and Jatropha curcas, Cleome gynandra and Blumea lacera (70%).  

Population-wise Cleome gynandra and Vicia sativa were high showing maximum density of 66.6 and 66.3 

respectively.  Cleome gynandra was most abundantly found.  Other abundantly found species at Khadgawan were 

Thysanolaena agrostis and Cymbopogon martini.  At this site, Caesalpinia bonducella, Hemidesmus indicus, 

Mimosa pudica, Salmalia malabaricum were the plants which showed minimum frequency values of only 20%. 

 Minimum density and abundance was exhibited by Leucas cephalotes, Dioscorea bulbifera and Salmalia 

malabaricum .  Acorus calamus, Caesalpinia bonducella, Amomum subulatum and Hemidesmus indicus were the 

rare species at this site. (Table-1). 

However,  the  results  clearly  indicate a  high  degree  of  diversity  and  the community is a tropical  dry  

deciduous type of Sal forest. Negi and Sunil [3] have enumerated phyto-sociological studies of a traditional reserve 

forest, Thal Ke Dhar, Pithoragarh, Central Himalayas (India).  They have documented phytosociological study in 

Thal Ke Dhar Sacred forest to understand the structure, regene-ration potential and conservation status. [3] 

Kharkwal Geeta, et al. [4] have described phytodiversity and growth form in relation to altitudinal gradient in the 

central Himalayan (Kumaun) region of India.  They noted that a total of 2487 species were recorded, of which, 276 

were trees, 355 shrubs, 112 climbers and 1744 herbs.  The study concludes that the distri-bution and species richness 

pattern in this region largely depends on the altitude and climatic variables like largely depends on the altitude and 

climatic variables like rainfall, temperature etc. [4] 

Kumar Ashish, et al. [5] have analysed phytosociological characteristics and diversity patterns of tropical forest 

tree species in Garo hills, western Meghalaya, North-east India. Kumar Ashish, et al. [5] 

Thakur and Khare [6] have reported Tectona grandis as dominant tree species in forest vegetation of Sagar 

district on the basis of I.V.I.  In present study, analysis has been done especially emphasizing medicinal plants [6]. 

Pokhariyal, et al. [7] have analysed the comparative studies on species richness, diversity and composition of 

Anogeissus latifolius mixed forest in Phakot and Pathari Rao watersheds of Garhwal Himalyas.  They have compared 

the tree species richness in the two watersheds and revealed that distribution and species richness pattern in Phakot 

and Pathari Rao watersheds were more or less similar.  A total of 87 spp.  [7]. 

Shameem and Kangroo [8] have  studied to investigate the comparative assessment of edaphic factors and 

phytodiversity of herbaceous vegetation on seasonal basis spring (March to May), summer (June to August), autumn 

(September to November) and winter (December to February), at two different ecosystems in lower Dachigam 

National Park, Kashmir Himalaya.[8].  

Shaheen Hamayun and Shinwari Zabta [9] They have Studied that Hindukush Himalayas (HKH) is one of the 

world’s richest biodiversity region hosting 4 global biodiversity hotspots, 60 ecoregions and 488 protected areas. [9]. 

 

4. Conclusion 
The result in the present study clearly show that the flora is very rich floristically which may be attributed to its 

varied topography and variation in climatic conditions. Species showing high frequency and low abundance were 



Asian Review of Environmental and Earth Sciences, 2014, 1(3): 61-65 

 

 

 

 

63 

 

attributed to a status of Regular distribution and species showing low frequency and high abundance were attributed 

to a status of showing contagious distribution. 

 
Table-1. Phytosociological Observation of medicinal plants of KHADGAWAN Block 

S.No. Botanical Name   Life form   %Frequency    Density      Abundance      Ecological 

status    

                                                                                                                                                               Distribution R/C                                                                                                                                                  

 1. Acorus calamus L. H 20 3.7 18.5 Rare        R R 

 2. Alangium lamarckii Thw. T 60 13.2 22 Often      R   

 3. Alstonia scholaris Brown. T 30 2.5 8.33 Seldom   R 

 4. Amomum subulatum Roxb. S 20 3.1 15.5 Rare        R R 

 5. Amorphophallus campanulatus Roxb.  H 20 3.4 17 Rare        R R 

 6. Anamirta cocculus W.&.A. C 50 6.4 12.8 Often      R    

 7. Artemisia maritima Linn. H 60 15.1 25.16 Often       R 

 8. Barleria cristata L. H 40 15.3 30.6 Seldom    R 

 9. Bauhinia purpurea L. S 60 12.4 20.66 Often       R  

 10. Bauhinia variegata L. T 30 3.2 10.66 Seldom    R  

 11. Blumea lacera DC. H 70 26.3 37.57 Mostly    R   

 12. Bryophyllum calycinum Salis. H 50 29.1 58.2 Often     C  

 13. Buchanania lanzan Spreng. T 20 3.5 17.5 Rare       R R 

 14. Butea monosperma Lamk. T 40 16.9 42.25 Seldom   C 

 15. Caesalpinia bonducella Flem. S 20 7.5 37.5 Rare       C C 

 16. Canna indica L. H 40 5.4 13.5 Seldom   R 

 17. Cannabis corniculata L. S 40 8.5 14.16 Seldom   R 

 18. Carissa spinarum L. S 30 33.5 41.87 Seldom   C 

 19. Cassia fistula L. T 50 10.5 26.25 Often      R 

 20. Cassia sophera L. S 50 4.3 8.6 Often      R 

 21. Centella asiatica L. H 50 21.9 36.5 Often      R 

 22. Chloroxylon swietenia DC. T 50 25.9 51.8 Often     C 

 23. Cleome gynandra L. H 70 66.6 95.14 Mostly    C C 

 24. Clitoria ternatea L. C 20 3.3 16.5 Rare        R R 

 25. Cochlospermum religiosum DC. T 30 5.4 18 Seldom   R 

 26. Colebrookia oppositifolia Smith T 50 6.3 12.6 Often      R  

 27. Coleus aromaticus Roxb. H 30 10.4 34.66 Seldom   C  

 28. Corchorus trilocularis L. S 40 13.9 34.75 Seldom   R R 

 29. Cryptolepsis buchanani Roem.  S 40 7.7 19.25 Seldom   R R 

 30. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb. H 50 11.1 22.2 Often      R R 

 31. Curcuma aromatica Salisb. H 40 23.5 58.75 Seldom   C C 

 32. Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. H 20 7.7 38.5 Rare        C C 

 33. Cymbopogon martini Stapf. H 40 45.6 114 Seldom   C C 

 34. Cyperus rotundus L. H 50 29.8 59.6 Often      C 

 35. Cyperus scariosus Br. H 60 44.5 74.16 Often       C 

 36. Dalbergia latifolia Roxb. T 50 12.1 24.2 Often      R 

 37. Dioscorea bulbifera L. C 30 2.3 7.66 Seldom   R 

 38. Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. T 40 34.4 43 Seldom    C 

 39. Dodonaea viscosa L. H 50 33.5 67 Often       C 

 40. Dryopteris crenata Christ. H 30 6 20 Seldom    R 

 41. Eclipta alba Hassk. H 60 20.4 34 Often       R 

 42. Euphorbia neriifolia L. S 50 13.2 26.4 Often      R      

 43. Euphorbia tirucalli L. S 60 18.3 30.5 Often       R 

 44. Flemingia nana Roxb. H 40 5.5 13.75 Seldom   R 

 45. Garcinia indica L. T 50 6.2 12.4 Often       R 

 46. Helicteres isora L. S 40 7.8 19.5 Seldom    R 

 47. Hemidesmus indicus Br. H 20 3.3 11 Rare         R R 

 48. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. T 60 7.2 12 Often       R   

 49. Hygrophila augustifolia R.Br. H 60 24.3 40.5 Often       R 

 50. Hyptis suaveolens Poit S 30 13 43.33 Seldom    C C 

Continue 



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51.Ipomoea mauritiana Lam. H 40 16.9 42.25 Seldom    C 

 52. Jatropha curcas L. S 70 35 50 Mostly     R 

 53. Jatropha gossypifolia L. S 50 17.4 34.8 Often       R  

 54. Jussiaea suffruticosa L. H 50 26.2 52.4 Often       C  

 55. Lawsonia inermis L. S 60 48.2 80.33 Often       C 

 56. Leucas cephalotes Spreng. S 30 1 10 Seldom   R 

 57. Luffa aegyptiaca Mill. C 70 8.4 12 Mostly    R 

 58. Melia azedarach L. T 30 3.7 12.33 Seldom   R 

 59. Mimosa pudica L. H 20 7.2 36 Rare       C   C 

 60. Murraya koenigii Spreng. S 60 25.5 42.5 Often      R 

 62. Ocimum basilicum L. H 60 32.6 54.33 Often     R 

 63. Ougeinia dalbergioides Benth. T 50 8.1 16.2 Often      R 

 64. Oxystelma esculentum Br. H 30 7 35 Seldom   C 

 65. Pedalium murex L. S 50 13.1 26.2 Often      R 

 66. Phyllanthus niruri L. H 40 18.7 46.75 Seldom   C 

 67. Picrorhiza kurroa Benth. H 60 28.7 47.83 Often      R 

 68. Piper longum L. H 40 6 15 Seldom   R 

 69. Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. T 30 2.3 7.66 Seldom   R 

 70. Pueraria tuberosa DC. C 30 2.7 9 Seldom    R 

 71. Quisqualis indica L. H 40 26.3 65.75 Seldom    C C 

 72. Randia dumetorum Lamk. S 30 8.7 29 Seldom    R 

 73. Salmalia malabaricum DC. T 20 1.5 7.5 Rare         R R 

 74. Shorea robusta L. T 50 34.1 68.2 Often       C C 

 75. Smilax zeylanica L. C 30 5.4 13.5 Seldom    R 

 76. Sphaeranthus indicus L. H 40 8.4 21 Seldom    R 

 77. Spilanthes acmella L. H 20 3 15 Rare         R R 

 78. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. H 30 6.2 20.66 Seldom    R 

 79. Tectona grandis L. T 30 3.1 10.33 Seldom    R R 

 80. Terminalia arjuna W.&A. T 30 10 6.66 Seldom    R 

 81. Terminalia belerica Roxb. T 30 4.5 15 Seldom    R 

 82. Thalictrum foliolosum DC. H 40 10 25 Seldom    R 

 83. Thysanolaena agrostis Nees. H 40 55.4 138.5 Seldom    C C 

 84. Tribulus terrestris L. H 90 46.4 51.55        Constantly     R   

 85. Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq. H 60 21.4 35.66 Often       R R 

 86. Vernonia anthelminticum Willd. H 50 22 44 Often       R R 

 87. Vernonia cinerea Less. H 50 24.7 49.4 Often       R R 

 88. Vicia sativa L. C 80 66.3 82.87 Mostly    C C 

 89. Vicoa auriculata Cass. H 50 23.2 46.4 Often       R R 

 90. Vitex negundo L. T 40 5.5 13.75 Seldom    R  

 91. Wedelia calendulacea Less. H 20 7.1 35.5 Rare        C C 

 92. Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. S 60 33.1 47.28 Often      R 

 93. Xanthium strumarium L. H 30 14 46.66 Seldom   C 

 94. Zizyphus xylopyra Willd. T 30 9.7 32.33 Seldom   C 

  

References 
[1] Tiwari Pranesh, "Working plan for Koria forest division surguja circle," Chhattisgarh Forest Department, vol. 1, 1992. 

[2] R. Mishra, Ecology work book. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publication Co., 1968. 

[3] S. C. Negi and N. Sunil, "Phytosociological studies of a traditional reserve forest - Thal ke Dhar, Pithoragarh, Central Himalayas 

(India)," Indian Forester, vol. 131, pp. 519-534, 2005. 

[4] Kharkwal Geeta, Poonam Mehrotra, Y. S. Rawat, and Y. P. S. Pangtey, "Phyto-diversity and growth form in relation to altitudinal 

gradient in the central Himalayan (Kumaun) region of India," Curr. Sci., vol. 89, pp. 873-878, 2005. 

[5] G. Kumar Ashish, Bruce Marcot, and Ajai Saxena, "Tree species diversity and distribution patterns in tropical forests of Garo Hills," 

Curr. Sci., vol. 91, pp. 1370-1381, 2006. 

[6] A. S. Thakur and P. K. Khare, "Species diversity and composition of forest vegetation of Sagar district in  central India," The Indian 

Forester, vol. 134, pp. 801-813, 2008. 

[7] P. Pokhariyal, V. Naiathani, S. Dasgupta, and N. P. Todaria, "Comparative studes on species richness, diversity and composition of 

anogeissus latifolius mixed forest in Phakot and Pathari Rao watersheds of Garhwal Himalaya," Curr. Sci., vol. 97, pp. 1349-1355, 

2009. 

[8] S. A. Shameem and I. N. Kangroo, "Comparative assessment of edaphic features and phytodiversity in lower Dachigam National 

Park Kashmir Himalaya, India," African Journal of Environ. Science and Technology, vol. 5, pp. 972-984, 2011. 

[9] Shaheen Hamayun and K. Shinwari Zabta, "Phytodiversity and endemic richness of Karambar Lake Vegetation from Chitral, 

Hindukush Himalaya," Pak. J. Bot., vol. 44, pp. 15-20, 2012. 

 



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Figure-1. Khadgawan  block Showing Study Sites 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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