item: #1 of 324
          id: amae-10
      author: Hernandez, Alfonso
       title: MANY LANGUAGES: ONE TONGUE
        date: 2007.0
       words: 461
      flesch: 56
     summary: Coverpage 47 MANY LANGUAGES: ONE TONGUE Alfonso C. Hernandez In Chinese pain is pain in English Both new born cry the exactly same cry In either tongue When torn out from their mother The horror of this Earth appears in either language In England and in China new born souls would prefer To return to the Cosmos whence they came from. Love is in Swahili as in French is Love Both hearts always beat At the exactly same rhythm The same measure of blood Bursts out from either heart Equal, the horror of the Absence When the loved ones just die In Black Africa and in France The Essence of Love is equal in aroma.
    keywords: love; pain
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        item: #2 of 324
          id: amae-100
      author: Ramírez, Pablo; González, Gustavo
       title: Latina Teacher Agency in Public Schools: Love, Tensions, and Perseverance
        date: 2012.0
       words: 6109
      flesch: 56
     summary: Furthermore, the teacher’s role is key in attaining equality for Latino school communities. Consequently, the authors will discuss the major fi ndings in regards to teacher advocacy in Latino school communities.
    keywords: agency; community; education; latino; love; mrs; parents; school; students; system; teachers
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        item: #3 of 324
          id: amae-101
      author: Guzmán, Bianca
       title: Cultivating a Guerrera Spirit in Latinas: The Praxis of Mothering
        date: 2012.0
       words: 5828
      flesch: 59
     summary: This I argue allows my mothering analysis to be useful to many different types of Latina mothers. This essay is one of the fi rst to explore the pedagogical implications that Latina mothers can teach their daughters how to resist racism and sexism through cultural tools like cuentos, pláticas and consejos.
    keywords: daughters; guerrera; issue; latina; mothering; mothers; new; press; school; testimonio; york
       cache: amae-101.pdf
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        item: #4 of 324
          id: amae-102
      author: Guajardo, Francisco; Guajardo, Miguel; Oliver, John; O’Neill M. A. Keawe, Lia
       title: Framework for a New Political Praxis: Respeto, Dignidad y Conocimiento
        date: 2012.0
       words: 6233
      flesch: 60
     summary: It is the product of a sustained, collective conversation facilitated by the Llano Grande Center, focused on teaching, learning, and a call for community change. Critical ethnography and community change.
    keywords: american; change; communities; community; grande; llano; mexican; school; stories; story; work; youth
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        item: #5 of 324
          id: amae-103
      author: Crandall, Cara
       title: Mothers United: An Immigrant Struggle for Socially Just Education. Andrea Dyrness, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011, 264 pages
        date: 2012.0
       words: 1642
      flesch: 42
     summary: As these madres begin to debrief on their frustrating and frustrated participation in school reform, they fi nd they have multiple questions and concerns about the new, purportedly community-based school, United Community School (UCS). Dyrness develops these strands of personal resources, marginalization, and transformation in chapters that begin with an overview of Oakland’s school reform movement including its various stakeholders and continues with a more traditional ethnographic study of Whitman Elementary School as a way to contextualize the need for school reform.
    keywords: book; dyrness; research; school
       cache: amae-103.pdf
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        item: #6 of 324
          id: amae-104
      author: Reyes III, Reynaldo
       title: Teachers of Latinos on the Margins: Beginning at a Pedagogy from Within
        date: 2012.0
       words: 2665
      flesch: 62
     summary: In discussing these realities of teaching in today’s classrooms, working with diffi cult, defi ant, and complacent students, or knowing how to reach students who express no hope or confi dence in the education system, I get the sense that my students are not quite sure of their abilities to reach and teach such students. The learning of this pedagogy and ability to empower comes from the interactions they have with marginalized students and learning how to reveal what is making them silent and to create space for their voice.
    keywords: marginalized; students; teachers; voice
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        item: #7 of 324
          id: amae-105
      author: Fernández, Anita; Hammer, Zoe
       title: Red Scare in the Red State: The Attack on Mexican-American Studies in Arizona and Opportunities for Building National Solidarity
        date: 2012.0
       words: 3822
      flesch: 35
     summary: MAS students read widely from texts usually reserved for college courses – Freire, Giroux, Anzaldúa, Acuña etc. and use interdisciplinary frameworks to inform their actions and research – all resulting in a 90% graduation rate and 80% of those graduates moving on to college (Cambium Report, 2011). Teachers who have supported the remarkable educational success of MAS students have now been reassigned to non-MAS classes, to teach in areas outside of their expertise.
    keywords: american; education; mas; mexican; program; public; state; students; studies
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        item: #8 of 324
          id: amae-106
      author: Arriaga, Belinda Hernández
       title: 67 Sueños: Inspiring a Movement for Undocumented Voices to be Heard
        date: 2012.0
       words: 3962
      flesch: 62
     summary: The group is committed to bringing to light the stories of the 67 percent of undocumented youth and young adults who would not qualify for the DREAM Act and who are in many ways left out of the dominant narrative around immigration reform. The author pays special tribute to 67 Sueños by including the voices of its members throughout the essay Introduction In 2010, seven youth from Oakland, California, along with mentor and immigration activist Pablo Paredes came together to create a space for the sixty-seven percent of undocumented youth and families that are missing from the current discussion and activism around immigration reform.
    keywords: immigration; issue; movement; rights; sueños; voices; work; youth
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        item: #9 of 324
          id: amae-108
      author: Machado-Casas, Margarita; Ruiz, Elsa
       title: Globalized Students vs. Unglobalized Families: Limiting Family Participation in Education
        date: 2012.0
       words: 5874
      flesch: 53
     summary: Based on a three year qualitative and quantitative research study, this manuscript raises questions about the ways schools continue to develop technology programs aimed at schooling (“globalized”) students, yet they do not take into account that while schools are globalizing students their families continue to be less technologically developed (“unglobalized”). Second, when parents tried to bridge this divide by participating in technology education programs, they faced other challenges such as limited availability, language or cultural barriers, a lack of childcare, and discontinuity in technology curricula for parents and children.
    keywords: afterschool; children; computer; digital; education; families; family; latino; literacy; members; parents; programs; que; school; students; technology
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        item: #10 of 324
          id: amae-109
      author: Powers, Jeanne M.; Williams, Tiffany R.
       title: State of Outrage: Immigrant-Related Legislation and Education in Arizona
        date: 2012.0
       words: 6673
      flesch: 54
     summary: Arizona immigration law costs and savings. In 2000, Arizona’s voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 203, entitled English for Children, which fundamentally changed the educational experiences of English language learners in Arizona public schools.
    keywords: american; arizona; education; english; immigrants; immigration; language; law; mexican; policies; proposition; school; state; students; united
       cache: amae-109.pdf
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        item: #11 of 324
          id: amae-11
      author: None
       title: amae-11
        date: None
       words: 237
      flesch: 63
     summary: But they are trainable Children should pass From one grade to another Only when they are at grade level Coverpage 49 MANIFESTO II: Education Alfonso C. Hernandez All education Must be free Including graduate school For all the real students Many children Are not able to learn For lack of intelligence For being born impaired
    keywords: children
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        item: #12 of 324
          id: amae-110
      author: Bejarano, Cynthia; Valverde, Michelle
       title: From the Fields to the University: Charting Educational Access and Success for Farmworker Students Using a Community Cultural Wealth Framework
        date: 2012.0
       words: 5634
      flesch: 46
     summary: CAMP students represent many disciplines including electrical engineering, biology, business and 14 Manufacturing sameness”, fi rst introduced here, was developed by the fi rst author. Familial knowledge rooted in CAMP students leads to their culturally entrenched ways of celebrating culture and their pride in their farmworker families and backgrounds that make them more determined to graduate.
    keywords: camp; capital; education; family; migrant; new; parents; program; school; students; university; work
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        item: #13 of 324
          id: amae-111
      author: McGinnis, Theresa Ann; Garcia, Andrea
       title: The Road to Freedom”: How One Salvadoran Youth Takes an Agentive Stance to Narrate the Self Across Time and Space
        date: 2012-05-01
       words: none
      flesch: In this article, we use narrative theory to analyze and discuss how one Salvadoran youth, Thomas, constructed three different yet overlapping narratives, including a digital story, on his family’s movement across borders. We describe how each telling of his narratives is situated in time and space, where Thomas reveals his understandings of current social, political and hegemonic forces. Further, we demonstrate how Thomas is taking an agentive stance countering U.S. national anti-immigrant narratives that position Latino immigrants unfavorably. We suggest that narratives and digital technology offer Latino youth a vehicle to become theorists of, and change agents of their own and of others’ worldviews. 
     summary: None
    keywords: community; digital; freedom; immigrant; narratives; new; road; story; thomas; youth
       cache: amae-111AMAE, Inc.
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        item: #14 of 324
          id: amae-112
      author: None
       title: amae-112
        date: None
       words: 6471
      flesch: 52
     summary: Participant stories underscored the impact that this type of educational discontinuation has had on later life options, a fi nding corroborated by correlational studies of dropout with later negative life outcomes (Laird, DeBell, & Chapman, 2006), Given the links of many barriers to external or internalized oppression, it remains important for educators and mental health professionals who wish to promote educational achievement, resilience, and mental health in the face of such barriers to continue to advocate for social justice, or “Full and equal participation of all groups in a society that is mutually shaped to meet their needs” (Bell, 1997, p. 3) (e.g., see Life Circumstances barriers in Table 1). Several factors have been shown to be linked to mediation of such barriers.
    keywords: barriers; education; health; immigrants; journal; language; life; mexican; participants; school; u.s
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        item: #15 of 324
          id: amae-113
      author: None
       title: amae-113
        date: None
       words: 3655
      flesch: 49
     summary: The author argues that the Coleman Report helped give credence to contemporary defi cit ideologies in education by proclaiming that schools do not make much of a difference in the educational outcomes of students in poverty including Latino students. Defi cit ideologies focus on how biological, cultural, and/or environmental factors explain the underachievement of Latino students in poverty (Valencia, 1997).
    keywords: coleman; education; latino; poverty; report; schools; students; title
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        item: #16 of 324
          id: amae-114
      author: None
       title: amae-114
        date: None
       words: 1650
      flesch: 36
     summary: Since Hernández-Zamora’s main thesis is that the development of literacy is promoted or hindered by social conditions, he methodologically uses the “study of communities and the study of individual trajectories of literacy practices across time and space” (p. 31) to describe and understand how those trajectories are marked by social, cultural, and postcolonial factors. Hernández-Zamora elaborates on his data by asserting that his marginalized participants and their practices are truly portraits of how poor people can get access to “broader conversations, intellectual sponsors, powerful discourses, and decolonizing literacy practices for voice and agency” (p. 180).
    keywords: hernández; literacy; research; zamora
       cache: amae-114.pdf
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        item: #17 of 324
          id: amae-115
      author: None
       title: amae-115
        date: None
       words: 398
      flesch: 70
     summary: Busquemos la raíz de la verdad . . Busquemos la raíz de la verdad, y descubramos nuestra esencia . .
    keywords: nuestra
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        item: #18 of 324
          id: amae-116
      author: None
       title: amae-116
        date: None
       words: 1564
      flesch: 37
     summary: invited.indd Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Journal ©2012, Volume 6, Issue 3 4 Introduction Sonia Nieto University of Massachusetts—Amherst Melissa Rivera Hunter College - City University of New York Sandra Quiñones University of Rochester Jason Irizarry University of Connecticut Latino/a students have been educated in U.S. schools for centuries, and still more will be arriving at our schools tomorrow. Beginning in 2000 as a national initiative of the Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños at Hunter College, NLERAP’s goal has been to add multiple Latino/a perspectives to the type of educational research needed to meet the needs of our communities throughout the U.S. After hosting a series of regional meetings around the country that invited educators, community activists, university scholars, and others within the broader Latino/a community to comment on the pressing educational needs of Latinos/as, the NLERAP National Advisory Board developed and published a research agenda (NLERAP, 2003).
    keywords: education; latino; nlerap; research; u.s
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        item: #19 of 324
          id: amae-117
      author: None
       title: amae-117
        date: None
       words: 1933
      flesch: 27
     summary: As a pedagogical tool, it fosters the development of academic skills at the same time that it promotes positive change based on student research. A Sociocultural and Sociopolitical Approach to Teaching, Learning, and Research Because there is no such thing as a “generic” student, the NLERAP approach to research honors students’ particular sociocultural realities.
    keywords: approach; latino; par; research; students
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        item: #20 of 324
          id: amae-118
      author: None
       title: amae-118
        date: None
       words: 1122
      flesch: 53
     summary: For instance, 37 percent of Hispanic students attend high-poverty schools, that is, schools where 76 percent or more of the students are eligible for free or reduced lunch. The dropout rate among Hispanic students has remained stubbornly high for decades, fl uctuating anywhere between 40-80 percent depending on the year (Gandara & Contreras, 2009; Nieto, 2000b).
    keywords: percent; students
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        item: #21 of 324
          id: amae-119
      author: None
       title: amae-119
        date: None
       words: 3581
      flesch: 38
     summary: These decisions may inhibit later generations from interacting with fi rst-generation immigrants, whose networks function as academic social capital. The development of positive social relationships, and thus the acquisition of social capital, occurs through what Stanton-Salazar (1997) describes as “network orientation,” or how people perceive both the value and purpose of that network and its corresponding capital.
    keywords: capital; practices; relationships; school; students; teachers
       cache: amae-119.pdf
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        item: #22 of 324
          id: amae-12
      author: None
       title: amae-12
        date: None
       words: 3692
      flesch: 70
     summary: “Our own voice”: The necessity of Chicano literature in mainstream curriculum. These books written and illustrated by Chicano authors and illustrators give young Chicano students a different perspective to life that contrasts that of traditional school textbooks.
    keywords: books; chicano; children; culture; francisco; literature; san; students
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        item: #23 of 324
          id: amae-120
      author: None
       title: amae-120
        date: None
       words: 3213
      flesch: 33
     summary: While still an emerging body of research, CRP suggests that as teachers search for strategies to improve student achievement, it is imperative that their approaches build on students’ cultural identities and the strengths students bring with them to the classroom. While students in the upper tracks were being prepared for higher education or White-collar positions in the workforce, the education of most Latino/a students prepared them for menial jobs in the service industry that provided few, if any, opportunities for upward mobility.
    keywords: approaches; education; latino; practices; research; schools; students
       cache: amae-120.pdf
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        item: #24 of 324
          id: amae-121
      author: None
       title: amae-121
        date: None
       words: 5901
      flesch: 44
     summary: Each year in growing numbers and at an alarming rate, Latino/a students across the country fail to complete high school “on time” or obtain a General Educational Development (GED) certifi cate. Educational research and personal narratives emerging from the Latino/a community suggest that dropout rates may in fact be underreported because many youngsters drop out before high school, while others are either undercounted or not counted at all, including those in juvenile detention and those who are undocumented, among others (Conchas, 2001; Noguera, 2003; Valencia et al., 2002).
    keywords: achievement; barriers; dropout; education; english; high; language; latino; percent; school; students; teachers
       cache: amae-121.pdf
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        item: #25 of 324
          id: amae-122
      author: None
       title: amae-122
        date: None
       words: 1107
      flesch: 32
     summary: When students witness the validation of their culture within the educational process, they connect their home or community identities with an academic identity. In contrast to the other high achieving programs, Conchas (2001) points out that this program, which had a medical theme, also helped students assess critically the status quo, refl ecting upon the role of race, gender and ethnicity in their schooling and future professions, but without inhibiting their educational and personal achievement.
    keywords: school; students; teachers
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        item: #26 of 324
          id: amae-123
      author: None
       title: amae-123
        date: None
       words: 8767
      flesch: 60
     summary: For example, in the years following this policy change, grade retention among English learner high school students in Massachusetts increased from 17.2 to 26.4 percent yearly; in fact, students of limited English profi ciency went from being the group with the lowest dropout rate to that with the highest dropout rate in the city. Too often, students reach their fi nal years of high school without having taken some of the courses required to apply to college.
    keywords: children; education; english; journal; latino; new; press; research; school; students; teachers; university; york; youth
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        item: #27 of 324
          id: amae-124
      author: None
       title: amae-124
        date: None
       words: 4451
      flesch: 34
     summary: While school engagement has been defined in various ways across various theoretical frameworks, it is typically characterized as a psychological process that involves positive attention, interest, and/or commitment to academics (Connell & Wellborn, 1991; Fredricks et al., 2004; Marks, 2000). School engagement is also associated with volition or motivation that, in turn, impacts academic performance.
    keywords: achievement; american; educational; engagement; mexican; school; school engagement; students
       cache: amae-124.pdf
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        item: #28 of 324
          id: amae-125
      author: None
       title: amae-125
        date: None
       words: 4801
      flesch: 51
     summary: Gado and Ferguson’s (2006) research on the integration of mobile technology into a science methods course explored aspects of student learning that would be affected by hand-held based science activities. Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Journal ©2013, Volume 7, Issue 1 17 Looking for Science and Mathematics in all the Right Places: Using Mobile Technologies as Culturally-Sensitive Pedagogical Tools to Capture Generative Images María G. Arreguín-Anderson Elsa Cantu Ruiz University of Texas at San Antonio Abstract The exploration into cultural practices occurring in households has become more fluid and transparent process thanks to the presence of mobile technologies that allow members of a group to capture daily occurrences.
    keywords: educators; home; images; journal; knowledge; learning; mathematics; mobile; plants; science; students; teachers; technologies; technology
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        item: #29 of 324
          id: amae-126
      author: None
       title: amae-126
        date: None
       words: 5499
      flesch: 46
     summary: It may be that parent-child relationship quality in general may be playing a protective role in Latino adolescent sexual behaviors. Research suggests that abstinence-only education2 renders adolescent sexual behavior as a deviant activity rather than a normative process, emphasizing moral values at the expense of health knowledge and skills (Bay-Cheng, 2003).
    keywords: activity; adolescents; behaviors; boys; communication; education; latino; sex; sex education; substance; use
       cache: amae-126.pdf
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        item: #30 of 324
          id: amae-127
      author: None
       title: amae-127
        date: None
       words: 5585
      flesch: 56
     summary: This is not to imply that relative income status, teen pregnancy, and English language learner issues are irrelevant to Latina student success. In moving away from individualized, deficit notions of Latina student achievement, critical race-based methodologies are particularly useful in recognizing patterns and practices that maintain racial inequities in higher education.
    keywords: college; education; expectations; latina; narrative; parents; stories; students; success
       cache: amae-127.pdf
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        item: #31 of 324
          id: amae-128
      author: None
       title: amae-128
        date: None
       words: 6071
      flesch: 64
     summary: Reading avoidance starts early for many boys and boys of color living in poverty often begin a downward spiral in fourth grade (Brozo, 2002). The goal of this study was to answer the why to Weaver-Hightower’s questions for Mexican boys living in Phoenix, Arizona in the early part of 2010.
    keywords: american; book; boys; children; club; data; english; language; literacy; men; poverty; reading
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        item: #32 of 324
          id: amae-129
      author: None
       title: amae-129
        date: None
       words: 11192
      flesch: 51
     summary: In the rural areas, the Anglo power structure—which included large farm owners, local authorities, and state policymakers— created Mexican schools to maintain a subordinated, uneducated, and racialized work force. These cases preceded Brown v. Board of Education case in 1954 (Acuña 2004), creating a movement that “would expand in later decades to include not only the desegregation of Mexican schools as a means to equal education but also the need to restructure curriculums to account for the bilingual, bicultural traditions of Mexican Americans” (Garcia, 1989, p. 83).
    keywords: barrio; bilingual; class; college; culture; education; english; huerta; language; memories; mexican; oppression; school; schooling; spanish; students; teachers
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        item: #33 of 324
          id: amae-13
      author: None
       title: amae-13
        date: None
       words: 5486
      flesch: 57
     summary: This curiosity also led the author to focus her master’s thesis and doctoral work on Central American immigrant children (Lavadenz, 1994; 1991). The effects of war trauma in Central American immigrant children.
    keywords: american; angeles; central; children; community; guatemalan; immigrant; language; los; new; press; salvadoran; spanish; students; teachers; use
       cache: amae-13.pdf
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        item: #34 of 324
          id: amae-130
      author: None
       title: amae-130
        date: None
       words: 1335
      flesch: 45
     summary: In the last two chapters, Gándara and Contreras provide a wealth of information on intervention programs and they describe how to address, through seven initiatives, the several issues affecting Latino education. This book is a great addition to the body of knowledge produced on Latino education.
    keywords: education; gándara; latino
       cache: amae-130.pdf
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        item: #35 of 324
          id: amae-131
      author: None
       title: amae-131
        date: None
       words: 7220
      flesch: 49
     summary: Moreover, we include the perceptions of the law among the non-Latino youth with whom Latino youth live and who therefore constitute a key component of Latino youths’ developmental experience. Further, the experiences with immigration legislation of Latino youth in a state such as Arizona are key in capturing future potential effects of this and similar pieces of legislation around the country.
    keywords: 1070; american; association; awareness; discrimination; identity; immigration; school; wave; youth
       cache: amae-131.pdf
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        item: #36 of 324
          id: amae-132
      author: None
       title: amae-132
        date: None
       words: 7891
      flesch: 44
     summary: “Accommodating diversity”: Pre-service teachers’ views on effective practices for English language learners. Listening to teachers of English language learners: A survey of California teachers’ challenges, experiences, and professional development needs.
    keywords: education; english; knowledge; language; language development; learners; new; students; teachers; teaching; users
       cache: amae-132.pdf
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        item: #37 of 324
          id: amae-133
      author: None
       title: amae-133
        date: None
       words: 6012
      flesch: 51
     summary: In 2009, for example, Prekindergarten enrollment for Hispanic children ages 3-4 was 40 percent overall, at 42 percent for those with both parents born in the U.S., and 38 percent for Hispanic children in immigrant families with at least on immigrant parent, compared to 55 percent for White children with U.S.-born parents. Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Invited Issue ©2013, Volume 7, Issue 2 30 Early Education, Poverty, and Parental Circumstances among Hispanic Children Early Education, Poverty, and Parental Circumstances among Hispanic Children: Pointing Toward Needed Public Policies Donald J. Hernandez Hunter College and the Graduate Center City University of New York Jeffrey S. Napierala University at Albany State University of New York Abstract This article presents findings from two research projects concerning the educational achievement and well-being of Hispanic children.
    keywords: children; education; grade; hispanic; parents; percent; poverty; reading; school
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        item: #38 of 324
          id: amae-134
      author: None
       title: amae-134
        date: None
       words: 6321
      flesch: 50
     summary: Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Invited Issue ©2013, Volume 7, Issue 2 40 Preparing Mainstream Teachers for Multilingual Classrooms Preparing Mainstream Teachers for Multilingual Classrooms Ester de Jong University of Florida Abstract Increasingly, mainstream teachers rather than specialist language teachers (English as a Second Language, bilingual teachers) are expected to work with English language learners (ELLs) in their classrooms. English language teacher expertise: The elephant in the room.
    keywords: bilingual; classrooms; education; ells; english; language; learners; mainstream; practices; teachers
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        item: #39 of 324
          id: amae-135
      author: None
       title: amae-135
        date: None
       words: 7403
      flesch: 52
     summary: The health and well-being of young Latino children is not just important to their immediate families; issues impacting Latino children can affect all children and families within the community. The messages young Latino children may be getting at home or through the media about tensions between the two groups may influence their own sense of identity as well as the relationship between themselves and their peers.
    keywords: arizona; children; clinic; community; families; fear; health; immigration; issue; latino; learners; parents; pediatrics; years
       cache: amae-135.pdf
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        item: #40 of 324
          id: amae-136
      author: None
       title: amae-136
        date: None
       words: 2083
      flesch: 43
     summary: The author believes that this lack of tolerance for alternative approaches for English language instruction feeds into the molding of teacher beliefs that can lead to defi cit views of speakers of languages other than English. In Chapter 5, the authors Wright and Sung expose that despite the implementation of Arizona’s model for English language instruction, many teachers value bilingualism and agree that bilingual education, when properly implemented, is effective in helping English learners learn English and achieve academic success.
    keywords: arizona; english; language; model; sei
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        item: #41 of 324
          id: amae-137
      author: None
       title: amae-137
        date: None
       words: 2342
      flesch: 54
     summary: I hope you enjoy the poems and that you are inspired to use �“Where I�’m from poems�” in your own work�…or perhaps to write your own. I am from three younger sisters and a younger brother, from �“You�’re the oldest and have to set the example�” after every time I got in trouble.
    keywords: family; issue; poems; students
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        item: #42 of 324
          id: amae-138
      author: None
       title: amae-138
        date: None
       words: 337
      flesch: 70
     summary: By: Jesus Cortez Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Theme Issue ©2013, Volume 7, Issue 3 9 Poetry: Incarcerated King Incarcerated King I remember you as a boy, running playfully through the city, among the wretched of the earth, those rejected by America, learning the ways of street kings. Theme Issue-2013.indd Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Theme Issue ©2013, Volume 7, Issue 3 8 Poetry: Northbound Letters POETRY Northbound Letters I heard the news, you were back behind bars, the scars reopened, the madness must have taken over your soul... and I failed you, I did not embrace you goodbye, I did not say those words you might have needed; now I write you letters that carry my soul to you behind those walls, behind those bars, physical and mental...
    keywords: issue
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        item: #43 of 324
          id: amae-139
      author: None
       title: amae-139
        date: None
       words: 5468
      flesch: 41
     summary: At the heart of this transformation is the emergence of new form of corporate sovereignty, a more intense form of state violence, a ruthless survival of the fi ttest ethic used to legitimate the concentrated power of the rich, and a concerted effort to punish young people who are out of step with neoliberal ideology, values, and modes of governance. What is no longer a hidden order of politics is that American 1 society is at war with its children, and that the use of such violence against young people is a disturbing index of a society in the midst of a deep moral and political crisis.
    keywords: american; issue; new; people; police; public; punishing; schools; society; state; violence; war; youth
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        item: #44 of 324
          id: amae-14
      author: None
       title: amae-14
        date: None
       words: 5888
      flesch: 73
     summary: Alex’s mother did mention that “Alex tuvo unos problemitas en esos dos años” (Alex had some problems during those two years”). In this issue of the AMAE Journal, a second case of her study, Alex, is presented.
    keywords: academic; alex; class; education; grade; language; reading; school; scores; test; year
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        item: #45 of 324
          id: amae-140
      author: None
       title: amae-140
        date: None
       words: 10000
      flesch: 47
     summary: Thus, in SPP studies, while the interconnectedness of factors (students’ race, school policies, gender, etc.) are acknowledged in the literature as causing the SPP, their intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991) and multiplicity (Hames-Garcia, 2011) tends to be “blurred or only verbally acknowledged” (Richardson & Judge, 2013, p. 4) and single factors with “signifi cant” statistical relationships are the only ones studied. What the research on this relationship has yielded is the “School- to-Prison Pipeline” (SPP), a theory that suggests punitive school policies, such as detentions, suspensions and truancy policies, among others, disproportionately punish minoritized students31 pushing them out of schools and consequently sharply increasing the likelihood they will end up incarcerated32 (e.g., Advancement Project, 2005, 2010; Croger & Hewitt, 2011;
    keywords: american; criminalization; education; experiences; families; issue; justice; latin@s; metaphor; pipeline; policies; prison; prison pipeline; research; school; spp; students; youth
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        item: #46 of 324
          id: amae-141
      author: None
       title: amae-141
        date: None
       words: 6119
      flesch: 59
     summary: These interactions and policies must be examined and dismantled in order to construct undocumented students not as criminals, but as citizens with signifi cant aspirations that contribute to society and limit their entrance into the Pipeline. Basic statistics on students who are incarcerated and undocumented are scarce and literature that captured incarcerated education experiences of undocumented students was almost non-existent (Díaz-Strong & Meiners, 2007).
    keywords: disability; education; issue; justice; juvenile; pipeline; race; school; status; students; veronica
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        item: #47 of 324
          id: amae-142
      author: None
       title: amae-142
        date: None
       words: 6847
      flesch: 58
     summary: All these vaguely defi ning identity markers tend to undercount, or underrepresent, the number of Latin@s in any population, and in school suspensions and expulsions, arrests, and incarceration rates generally. Systematically, through the overuse of school suspensions/expulsions, criminal justice-based school discipline policies remove students from school grounds for non-violent offenses coded as disruptive (i.e. breaking school rules: not wearing school uniform, talking back at teachers, walking the hallway without a pass) as groundings for identifying potential future violent offenders (Miller et al., 2011).
    keywords: dimples; issue; latin@; new; pipeline; prison; research; researchers; school; spaces; york; youth
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        item: #48 of 324
          id: amae-143
      author: None
       title: amae-143
        date: None
       words: 8627
      flesch: 68
     summary: When high schools adopt a more empathic role with at- risk youth, and provide services like counseling, mentoring, and tutoring, research shows that violence and gang membership reports decrease. Dropping out of high school: The role of school organization and structure.
    keywords: american; boys; class; community; education; enforcement; gang; guns; issue; new; offi; police; prison; ruben; school; students; youth
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        item: #49 of 324
          id: amae-144
      author: None
       title: amae-144
        date: None
       words: 5766
      flesch: 63
     summary: Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Theme Issue ©2013, Volume 7, Issue 3 72 “‘Whisper to a Scream’: The Collateral Consequences of Parental Incarceration” In his description of the typical pattern of daily life inside a modern American prison, Norval Morris recounts the nonsensical boredom that is prison life. Television shows and news media all-too- often fail to capture the “deadening sameness” that is prison life.
    keywords: family; father; incarceration; issue; life; men; new; prison; society; time
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        item: #50 of 324
          id: amae-145
      author: None
       title: amae-145
        date: None
       words: 6038
      flesch: 48
     summary: Theme Issue-2013.indd Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Theme Issue ©2013, Volume 7, Issue 3 75 White Innocence and Mexican Americans as Perpetrators in the School-to-Prison Pipeline White Innocence and Mexican Americans as Perpetrators in the School-to-Prison Pipeline Richard Orozco Oregon State University Abstract This essay discusses white innocence as a mechanism that may contribute to perceptions of Mexican Americans as perpetrators. Specifi cally, this work reviews the rhetoric of white innocence in a high school U.S. History curriculum map and outlines how this rhetoric constructs Mexican Americans, and other people of color, as threats or perpetrators to the innocence of whiteness.
    keywords: americans; color; curriculum; discipline; innocence; map; mexican; people; pipeline; prison; school; white
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        item: #51 of 324
          id: amae-146
      author: None
       title: amae-146
        date: None
       words: 7463
      flesch: 57
     summary: The educational leaders also related the issues of high school students and their immediate needs. Teen shoots high school student before being disarmed by teacher.
    keywords: college; communities; community; culture; educational; high; issue; leaders; pipeline; prison; school; students; study; youth
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        item: #52 of 324
          id: amae-147
      author: None
       title: amae-147
        date: None
       words: 1132
      flesch: 43
     summary: Such questions point to the interplay between teacher education, schooling practices, and the school- to-prison pipeline. Cultivating a more positive landscape toward adulthood is where critical teacher education comes into play.
    keywords: boys; lives; rios; youth
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        item: #53 of 324
          id: amae-148
      author: None
       title: amae-148
        date: None
       words: 1539
      flesch: 32
     summary: The relationship between Latino ELLs’ academic achievement and teacher education programs that prepare pre-service teachers for working in Latino ELL contexts has not been at the forefront of the research literature to date. In fact, teacher education programs nationwide tend to gloss over the learning needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students in K-12 schools settings.
    keywords: education; latino; school; students; teacher
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        item: #54 of 324
          id: amae-149
      author: None
       title: amae-149
        date: None
       words: 6822
      flesch: 54
     summary: Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Issue ©2014 Volume 8, Issue 1 10 Conciencia con Compromiso: Aspirantes as Bridges for Latin@ Bilingual Learners Linda Prieto University of Texas - San Antonio Abstract The study examined the influence of culture on the desire of a group of six aspirantes (Spanish/English bilingual education teacher candidates) from Texas to become bilingual education teachers of Latin@ bilingual learners. Centering the Experiences of Aspirantes Aspirantes are often overlooked in teacher education; even research in the areas of multicultural education and bilingual education fail to address the particular experiences of Latin@ teacher candidates.
    keywords: american; aspirantes; bilingual; chicana; culture; education; experiences; family; home; latin@; mexican; spanish; teacher
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        item: #55 of 324
          id: amae-15
      author: None
       title: amae-15
        date: None
       words: 473
      flesch: 57
     summary: Journal_2008._Coverpage._Final[1] 37 Reflections from the Classroom It Used To Be a Nightmare on Elm Street By Art Barragan, Principal In 2004 I began my first assignment at Elm Street School in Oxnard, California. Elm Street Elementary was the lowest performing school in Ventura County with only 9.6% of the students scoring at a proficient level in Language Arts.
    keywords: elm; school
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        item: #56 of 324
          id: amae-150
      author: None
       title: amae-150
        date: None
       words: 9670
      flesch: 52
     summary: Academy for teacher excellence: Recruiting, preparing, and retaining Latino teachers through learning communities. Total number of public school teachers and percentage distribution of school teachers, by race/ethnicity and state: 2011–12.
    keywords: arizona; classroom; education; ells; english; heritage; issue; language; latino; learners; needs; participants; research; service; students; teachers; teaching
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        item: #57 of 324
          id: amae-151
      author: None
       title: amae-151
        date: None
       words: 6783
      flesch: 55
     summary: As we saw in Ms. Ayala’s class, we claim that Latin@ dual language classrooms are crucial bilingual communities where the translanguaging practices of all members can be honored, respected, validated, and used. This is why Zentella’s work is important when dealing with issues of language practices; she opened, some decades ago, a dialogue of social, cultural, and political aspects of linguistic practices of bilinguals in social and academic settings.
    keywords: ayala; classroom; community; english; garcía; issue; language; latin@; learning; spanish; students; translanguaging
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        item: #58 of 324
          id: amae-152
      author: None
       title: amae-152
        date: None
       words: 6314
      flesch: 47
     summary: A sociopolitical understanding of language use acknowledges that language use practices and policies are partially determined by the power accorded to speakers of particular languages in our society (Nieto, 2010; Nieto & Bode, 2012). Our conceptual framework also draws on the concept of hybridity because it can help linguistically responsive teachers understand the complex nature of linguistic identity development for Latino/a students.
    keywords: english; language; nadine; puerto; samuel; spanish; students; teachers; use
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        item: #59 of 324
          id: amae-153
      author: None
       title: amae-153
        date: None
       words: 7002
      flesch: 39
     summary: Teacher education programs must consider effective ways to prepare teacher candidates for work with culturally and linguistically diverse students, particularly the large populations of Latina/o ELs. Teacher candidates learning from English learners: constructing concepts of language and culture in Tuesday’s
    keywords: candidates; els; english; experiences; field; language; latina; learners; learning; school; students; teacher
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        item: #60 of 324
          id: amae-154
      author: None
       title: amae-154
        date: None
       words: 6199
      flesch: 36
     summary: Recommendations for Future Research The following recommendations are provided to acquire a deeper understanding of ELLs with disabilities: • What should be the measures to determine linguistic and cultural proficiency of bilingual special education teachers in order to facilitate academic rigor in the first and second language of ELL students with disabilities? • Given the growing linguistic diversity of students in California and the nation, how are general teacher education programs preparing pre-service teachers to teach ELLs and special populations of students? • The principle of student inclusion calls for teacher education programs in California and the nation to prepare teachers to be effective in working in ethnically and linguistically diverse school communities with special populations, how is the principle of inclusion being applied by teacher education programs? Additionally, general education teachers are also now being asked to have increased responsibility for special education students via full inclusion models for students with mild/moderate disabilities (Artiles, Klingner, Sullivan, & Fierros, 2010; Blanchett, Klingner, & Harry, 2009; Esparza & Doolittle, 2008;).
    keywords: alas; bilingual; california; disabilities; education; english; language; learning; program; school; students; teachers
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        item: #61 of 324
          id: amae-155
      author: None
       title: amae-155
        date: None
       words: 7265
      flesch: 46
     summary: Highlighting scholarships for undocumented youth served a dual purpose: first, it communicated important college pathway knowledge of actual resources to students who are routinely excluded from consideration of scholarships, and second, it signaled not only her awareness that undocumented students may be in her classroom (and her stance as someone communicating resources available to them) but it also served as a signal to others that their status was not the only one that existed. First we highlight understandings about undocumented status issues that for us are concrete.
    keywords: american; college; documentation; education; educators; issues; research; school; silence; status; students; teachers; undocumented; youth
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        item: #62 of 324
          id: amae-156
      author: None
       title: amae-156
        date: None
       words: 6007
      flesch: 51
     summary: This mixed population of students begins their educational experience functioning in Spanish 90% of the time while experiencing literacy in Spanish first, eventually moving to 50% of the time in Spanish and 50% of 22 Students and 22 Teachers Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Issue ©2014 Volume 8, Issue 1 95 the time in English by third grade. The resulting positive outcomes have led to my interest in initiating a discussion on the shift of traditional roles of teacher and student in the classroom to an understanding that students can take on the role of peer teacher, transforming them into teachers themselves.
    keywords: classroom; english; language; learning; school; spanish; students; teacher
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        item: #63 of 324
          id: amae-157
      author: None
       title: amae-157
        date: None
       words: 5985
      flesch: 49
     summary: Without strong messages from schools and the larger community to do otherwise, students who arrive Supporting Bilingual Learners and thei Families Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Issue ©2014 Volume 8, Issue 1 105 at school speaking languages other than English typically abandon their first language, reject their home culture, and often lose the ability to communicate with key members of their care-giving community. Why Does Maintaining the Primary Language Help? To better understand why the continued development of students’ primary language is so critical, it is helpful to think of the brain as a kind of “conceptual reservoir.”
    keywords: children; community; families; home; issue; language; parents; school; students; teachers
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        item: #64 of 324
          id: amae-158
      author: None
       title: amae-158
        date: None
       words: 349
      flesch: 18
     summary: Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Issue ©2014 Volume 8, Issue 1 112 Querido Idioma Nora Reyes Mesa College Erica Reyes Arizona State University Madre: Querido idioma, central a mi identidad Poco te apreciaba por tan fácil encontrar Siendo parte de mi hogar Fuiste natural y esencial Aunque poco valorado Por la sociedad en general Les doy gracias a mis padres Por su ayuda a mantener A mi querido idioma Tan central a mi poder …A mi poder lograr los sueños por medio de mi aprender Querida hija, esencia de mi vida Con cariño, mi idioma te quisiera regalar Pero siendo yo bilingüe Batallo más para encontrar Las palabras para convencerte Del valor de esta herencia natural Hija: Querido idioma, central a mi identidad Tan duro he luchado para dominar tu majestad Poco te apreciaba a principios…en realidad no eras gran parte de mi hogar Te conocí como bebé; mi lengua madre eras Pero al entrar a la escuela, nuestra conexión se debilitó Hasta que, años después, decidí adoptarte de veras “I will raise my children bilingual” Ser bilingüe yo misma
    keywords: idioma
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        item: #65 of 324
          id: amae-159
      author: None
       title: amae-159
        date: None
       words: 469
      flesch: 84
     summary: Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Special Issue ©2014 Volume 8, Issue 1 114 “Don’t Tell Me: Ask Me!” An Engaged Latina Mother’s Voice Lilian Cibils New Mexico State University Don’t tell me what language I must speak!
    keywords: issue
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        item: #66 of 324
          id: amae-16
      author: None
       title: amae-16
        date: None
       words: 1094
      flesch: 78
     summary: I was born here in the United States, and my Spanish was definitely not as good as those who were born in Mexico. He would bring up the saying whenever we started to speak too much English inside the house, and especially if we tried to speak English to him: “Hay un dicho: ‘Cuando en Roma, haz como los Romanos’ – y en MI casa, van a hablar español’” (“There is a saying: ‘When in Rome, do as the Romans do’ – and in MY house, you will speak Spanish!’”)
    keywords: american; mexican
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        item: #67 of 324
          id: amae-160
      author: None
       title: amae-160
        date: None
       words: 1885
      flesch: 39
     summary: In line with the premise of this book, the authors further emphasize the role that teacher education programs play in preparing educators to effectively help at-risk students by providing a framework that addresses these factors within teacher preparation and teacher preparation programs. In Teacher Preparation for Bilingual Student Populations: Educar para Transformar, Belinda Bustos Flores, Rosa Hernandez Sheets, and Ellen Riojas Clark (2011) create an argument aligned to the need for reform in teacher preparation programs with a focus on bilingual education and bilin- gual learners in particular.
    keywords: education; preparation; programs; student; teacher
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        item: #68 of 324
          id: amae-161
      author: None
       title: amae-161
        date: None
       words: 7185
      flesch: 43
     summary: In what ways are teacher candidates addressing differentiation? 2) How do teacher candidates articulate their differentiation plan?
    keywords: candidates; content; differentiation; education; english; issue; language; learners; learning; lesson; students; teacher
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        item: #69 of 324
          id: amae-162
      author: None
       title: amae-162
        date: None
       words: 8771
      flesch: 37
     summary: In particular it presents opportunities for teacher education programs, schools, teachers, students, and community members to frame education as fundamentally about teaching and learning activities constructed locally to reflect the linguistic, cultural, and social values of participants. Teacher education examining beliefs, orientations, ideologies & practices.
    keywords: amae; classroom; community; education; english; issue; language; learning; pedagogy; programs; school; standards; state; students; teacher
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        item: #70 of 324
          id: amae-163
      author: None
       title: amae-163
        date: None
       words: 7739
      flesch: 58
     summary: Secondary content teachers also recognized roles as language teachers and advocates for immigrant and bilingual adolescents. Analyses of participant reflections, blog postings, surveys, and SIOP lesson plans revealed three additional themes: content teachers as language teachers, the importance of getting to know students, and teachers as change agents.
    keywords: amae; bls; content; course; education; issue; language; learners; learning; methods; siop; students; teachers; teaching
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        item: #71 of 324
          id: amae-164
      author: None
       title: amae-164
        date: None
       words: 6506
      flesch: 51
     summary: Yet when my German friends described their experiences learning mathematics, I reexamined these beliefs because there were striking differences between our experiences as mathematics students (e.g., symbolic notation, orchestrating conversations). Developing English Fluency before Mathematical Mastery At the beginning of their semester, the PSTs completed a mathematics autobiography in which they described their prior experiences as mathematics students (e.g., What do they remember about learning mathematics in school?
    keywords: education; experiences; issue; language; learning; mathematics; psts; students; teacher; teaching
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        item: #72 of 324
          id: amae-165
      author: None
       title: amae-165
        date: None
       words: 2223
      flesch: 31
     summary: This collection of stories is particularly relevant to Latino/a graduate students and junior faculty and staff who are seeking insight into the realities of pursuing executive leadership positions in higher education. Contributing authors were asked to explore their upbringing and family life, educational experiences, how they negotiated the administrative ladder and discrimination, examples of successful and less successful programs they helped to create, and advice to Latinos/as aspiring to executive leadership positions in higher education.
    keywords: college; education; latino; martinez; presidents; volume
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        item: #73 of 324
          id: amae-166
      author: None
       title: amae-166
        date: None
       words: 4377
      flesch: 39
     summary: The conventional wisdom among educators is that during the past 40 years, affirmative action policies and practices have generally enhanced the educational attainment of Latinas/os1. the Supreme Court left untouched its ruling in Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), wherein the Court’s majority affirmed Justice Lewis Powell’s declaration in The Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) that student body diversity constitutes a compelling interest in support of affirmative action policies and practices.
    keywords: action; american; education; issue; latinas; practices; race; students; university
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        item: #74 of 324
          id: amae-167
      author: None
       title: amae-167
        date: None
       words: 10089
      flesch: 54
     summary: Mestizo Arts & Activism (MAA) Youth Collective: The High School/Youth Model MAA, founded in 2007 by university professors who specialize in youth studies, urban education and participatory action research methodologies (Cahill, 2010; Cahill, Quijada Cerecer, & Bradley, 2010), is a youth of color collective that exposes high school students to participatory action research, civic engagement, and college readiness. Adelante provides higher educational experiences to elementary school students and fosters a college going culture in the school.
    keywords: acción; action; alemán; american; bernal; college; color; community; delgado; educational; families; issue; mexican; model; parents; pathways; school; students; university
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        item: #75 of 324
          id: amae-168
      author: None
       title: amae-168
        date: None
       words: 8994
      flesch: 45
     summary: Rather than promote the idea that “students shouldn’t work so much,” as college students are often advised, HSI leaders could develop a campaign that highlights the resilience and commitment of their students, and reach out to city and county officials to develop citywide campaigns that ask local employers to support their working college students through flexible scheduling or helpful benefits. In order to officially become designated as a Hispanic-Serving Institution, a college or university must submit an application that documents eligibility and commitment to serve Latino students to the U.S. Department of Education.
    keywords: action; community; education; epistemic; faculty; funds; hispanic; hsis; institutions; issue; justice; knowledge; latino; research; students; work
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        item: #76 of 324
          id: amae-169
      author: None
       title: amae-169
        date: None
       words: 8870
      flesch: 42
     summary: The purpose of this article is two-fold; first I will demonstrate the benefits of affirmative action programs in cultivating a presence of Latinas/os along educational pathways to the professoriate. The findings below depict the value of affirmative action programs in ushering Mexican American students from college to the professoriate.
    keywords: action; american; color; education; faculty; issue; latina; mexican; minority; participants; presence; research; students; university
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        item: #77 of 324
          id: amae-17
      author: None
       title: amae-17
        date: None
       words: 1577
      flesch: 78
     summary: La mesa de la sala está llena de pan fresco, frutas y comidas, las comidas más favoritas de mis abuelos y de mis tres hermanitos ya fallecidos. Los minutos pasan y miro que los rayos del sol empiezan a entrar, poco a poco, más y más por la ventana hasta hacer que los carrizos parezcan estar cubiertos de oro, ensendiendo más el cuarto sobrepasando a lo obscuro.
    keywords: con; del; flores; girasoles; las; los; mis; más; para; que; tecayates
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        item: #78 of 324
          id: amae-170
      author: None
       title: amae-170
        date: None
       words: 10930
      flesch: 42
     summary: Issue 1 ISSN 2377-9187 59 in the first place; ignoring the need for corrective action, critics of affirmative action can focus on casting affirmative action policies as nothing more than “unmeritocratic” “preferences” for “underqualified” students of color. The current SCA5 controversy has served to exploit an increasingly popular but nevertheless troubling wedge issue, one that perpetuates the myth of Asian Americans as model minorities and victims of affirmative action policy (Thernstrom & Thernstrom, 1997).
    keywords: action; american; california; court; discourse; education; issue; justice; latina; new; policy; proposition; public; race; sotomayor; students; university; white
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        item: #79 of 324
          id: amae-171
      author: None
       title: amae-171
        date: None
       words: 11478
      flesch: 42
     summary: The law school argued that the policy was needed to further a compelling interest in student body diversity, which required the enrollment of a “critical mass” of students of color (i.e., more than a token number of minority students to help diminish the threat of stereotypes24) (see Garces & Jayakumar, 2014, for an extended analysis of the concept of critical mass). Thus, these studies demonstrated that racial diversity in the classroom helped institutions retain minority students, improve graduation rates, and create a learning environment that improved white and minority students’ ability to gain the educational benefits of diversity (Jayakumar, 2008).29 Diversity within racial groups to help break down stereotypes.
    keywords: action; admissions; american; austin; court; educational; fisher; institutions; latina; policies; policy; race; students; texas; university
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        item: #80 of 324
          id: amae-172
      author: None
       title: amae-172
        date: None
       words: 8591
      flesch: 54
     summary: I use my own dilemma of understanding and reconciling my position as a once-undocumented immigrant to a now hyperdocumented (Chang, 2011) native researcher, studying undocumented people, to work through the possibility of a borderland love ethic. I use my own dilemma of understanding and reconciling my position Privileged and Undocumented: Toward a Borderland Love Ethic Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Open Issue ©2015, Volume 9, Issue 2 ISSN 2377-9187 7 as a once-undocumented immigrant to a now hyperdocumented (Chang, 2011) native researcher, studying undocumented people, to work through the possibility of a borderland love ethic.
    keywords: american; borderland; borderland love; ethic; guadalupe; issue; love; native; participants; research; researchers; status; work
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        item: #81 of 324
          id: amae-173
      author: None
       title: amae-173
        date: None
       words: 9097
      flesch: 56
     summary: This process compounded by inferior education Students of Color receive reinforces inequalities among this group (Kozol, A Race Conscious Pedagogy Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) Open Issue ©2015, Volume 9, Issue 2 ISSN 2377-9187 20 2005; Valencia, 1993). Sourcebook on prison education.
    keywords: american; color; detention; education; educators; facilities; issue; juvenile; new; pedagogy; prison; race; school; students; teachers; teaching
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        item: #82 of 324
          id: amae-174
      author: None
       title: amae-174
        date: None
       words: 9050
      flesch: 52
     summary: 2 Family School Partnership (FSP) is an intergenerational research collective made up of high school students, their families, teachers, community members, and university students in the teacher education licensure program, directed by a university faculty member. We also wanted to better understand the roles of personnel within the school while also learning what the roles and rights were of the families of high school students.
    keywords: action; collective; community; educational; engagement; families; family; fsp; immigrant; immigration; involvement; issue; latino; members; mexican; parents; people; que; research; researchers; school; students; teachers
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        item: #83 of 324
          id: amae-175
      author: None
       title: amae-175
        date: None
       words: 7534
      flesch: 49
     summary: It also contributes to the scholarship of undocumented youth in higher education through its examination of the experiences of Latin@ undocumented students in northeastern elite private institutions. By featuring what we term, the “paradox of performing exceptionalism,” we bring light to the complicated tension that these students experience—that is, despite the “entitlement” of their elite education youth continue to be racialized as undocumented students of color.
    keywords: american; dream; education; experiences; immigrant; institutions; issue; latin@; mexican; narratives; sense; status; students; youth
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        item: #84 of 324
          id: amae-176
      author: None
       title: amae-176
        date: None
       words: 7991
      flesch: 55
     summary: Figure 1 offers an overview of how I conceptualize family home educational practices as centered in acts of parental agency (Holland et. Gomez’s efforts to make a life in the U.S., buy a home, learn English, and be involved in her daughter’s school sent important messages to her daughters about the value of hard work, the importance of school, her unconditional support, and the oftentimes contradictory lessons of maintaining the traditions of family life as a Spanish-speaking Latina woman while simultaneously emphasizing the importance of attaining independence as a woman through education, speaking English, and resisting marriage until later in life.
    keywords: bilingual; children; educación; education; english; families; family; home; issue; latina; mothers; practices; school; spanish; sra; teaching
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        item: #85 of 324
          id: amae-177
      author: None
       title: amae-177
        date: None
       words: 6032
      flesch: 49
     summary: Thus, student performances prompt compelling dialogue involving race, place, and society where musical forms such as cumbia, bachata, and son jarocho offer opportunities to critically examine histories of conquest and enslavement of Indigenous and Black people. It’s easy to see lies hidden for centuries Were politically placed at odds through economy Highest US jail rate growing increasingly Poorest neighborhoods, low quality goods Liquor store on every corner, students misunderstood Quick loan outlets, cigarette ads Every brand of malt liquor making my people sicker and mad Black and Brown collectives can change perspectives Let’s figure it out, take the past and resurrect it, dissect it Pick up the parts cause life is hectic Put them together, what do you get?
    keywords: black; class; course; cumbia; group; issue; latina; mexican; pedagogy; performance; students; university
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        item: #86 of 324
          id: amae-178
      author: None
       title: amae-178
        date: None
       words: 2575
      flesch: 27
     summary: The articles in this collection highlight the complex and important ways in which the experiences and institutional interactions of refugee children, undocumented youth, and young immigrants are both distinct and interconnected. Although such movement across borders is not new, the summer of 2014 was the first time in recent memory that mainstream media exposed large numbers of the U.S. public to images of refugee children in this country packed into bare rooms, sleeping on the floor, in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions in makeshift detention centers.
    keywords: children; deservingness; immigrant; issue; rights; u.s; youth
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        item: #87 of 324
          id: amae-179
      author: None
       title: amae-179
        date: None
       words: 6970
      flesch: 43
     summary: Race is a global organizing force because it works at behest of whiteness, therefore, it is important to address the ways that language policies, such as the outlawing of bilingual programs, and the praxis of who ascends to positions of language researchers enlivens white settler logics and reseats whiteness as property. The sophistication of white settler colonial logics in education acknowledges that monolingual native speakers of standardized academic English may need redress to be ‘culturally responsive teachers’ but seeks that cultural touch-up by putting these populations in contact with ‘at-risk’ populations.
    keywords: coloniality; deservingness; education; land; language; practices; property; race; rights; settler; state; white; youth
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        item: #88 of 324
          id: amae-18
      author: None
       title: amae-18
        date: None
       words: 153
      flesch: 79
     summary: For a “Born A” student at American High. You listen to Heavy Metal and Punk music You drink Alcohol and tried Pot and Crack Or some other newly invented chemical in Raves To find the Ecstasy of watching TV until 3 a. m.
    keywords: student
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        item: #89 of 324
          id: amae-180
      author: None
       title: amae-180
        date: None
       words: 8502
      flesch: 46
     summary: In fact, research has shown the utility of examining newspapers to understand the framing of U.S. immigrants (Chávez, 2008; Massey & Pren, 2012). Racist nativism informs the shaping of a public imaginary of Latinas/os, and has influenced U.S. immigration policy—policies that often exclude Latina/o immigrants, and particularly the undocumented from full participation in U.S. society (Pérez Huber, 2009).
    keywords: american; central; children; constructions; deservingness; dreamers; group; immigrants; immigration; narratives; nativism; new; times; u.s; york; youth
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        item: #90 of 324
          id: amae-181
      author: None
       title: amae-181
        date: None
       words: 8101
      flesch: 47
     summary: These testimonios not only render undocumented student stories public, they also encourage listeners to understand that undocumented students are embedded in and buttressed by social relationships with other undocumented people, many of whom do not fit the good immigrant prototype. Through offering informational workshops and providing personal testimonies among other educational activities, undocumented students in this study aim to 1) broaden access to rights for the larger undocumented immigrant community and 2) challenge negative preconceived notions about undocumented immigrants among citizens.
    keywords: beto; community; education; family; immigrant; immigration; members; pedagogy; poder; rights; students; youth
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        item: #91 of 324
          id: amae-182
      author: None
       title: amae-182
        date: None
       words: 9022
      flesch: 50
     summary: For this reason, immigrant worker advocates have envisioned bold pathways of worker empowerment via collective resistance. The particular vulnerability of undocumented workers is an issue that few contest, and some pathways to legal status have been created for those workers who come forward to denounce workplace abuse.
    keywords: deservingness; immigrant; interview; labor; law; m mexico; mexico; mexico y; narratives; percent; relief; rights; status; workers; young; youth
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        item: #92 of 324
          id: amae-183
      author: None
       title: amae-183
        date: None
       words: 7776
      flesch: 52
     summary: In addition to increasing law enforcement, facilitating streamlined deportations, and expediting the admission of high-skilled migrants, he vowed to utilize discretionary authority to defer the removal of undocumented migrants who met certain qualifications. While the “education” and “vulnerable child” frames resonated with the moveable middle, and in many ways reflected the lived experience of a certain group of DREAMers, it also had the unintended consequence of brightening the boundary between “deserving” and “undeserving” undocumented migrants (Lamont & Molnar, 2010).
    keywords: american; deportation; deservingness; dreamer; family; gang; immigration; law; lives; migrants; movement; u.s; youth
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        item: #93 of 324
          id: amae-184
      author: None
       title: amae-184
        date: None
       words: 8173
      flesch: 47
     summary: Additionally, I highlight undocumented youth activists as strategic and interac- tive in their efforts to challenge and dismantle migration control technologies by showing that activists use their liminal legal status and their valorized social status to access and launch their challenges from these invisible spaces of migration control. The ICE infiltration implicated undocumented activists in directly attempting to secure the release of as many detainees as possible—a further expansion of their activist work.
    keywords: activism; activists; challenge; citizenship; control; deportation; detention; dreamers; enforcement; immigrant; state; status; youth
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        item: #94 of 324
          id: amae-185
      author: None
       title: amae-185
        date: None
       words: 664
      flesch: 85
     summary: Jump, run, jump, run (oops, a slight tripping over that rock, get up), jump, run. Obstacle after obstacle: Jump, run, jump, run, jump… Tell Me What Happens to the Child Who Crosses the Border
    keywords: jump; run
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        item: #95 of 324
          id: amae-186
      author: None
       title: amae-186
        date: None
       words: 237
      flesch: -27
     summary: la belleza de tu tierra que me faltaban callos en las manos para poder reunirme con las tuyas today, words linger in the darkness of the 3-hour difference between us from California to Guerrero they float around like vanishing hope rising up from the smoke of an adobe stove evaporating off their sun-kissed foreheads we are left suspended there made to feel invisible, sin palabras so much emptiness between our bodies our feet dragging through the dirt from one side of the border to the other our hands tied to a chain of anhelo in a faraway cage But I’ve learned quizás the best remedio is to listen A Map for Return Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) ©2015, Volume 9, Issue 3 • ISSN 2377-9187 89 Así, wrapped in her silence Find warmth in it and love her in her own tongue A Map for Return Association of Mexican-American Educators (AMAE) ©2015, Volume 9, Issue 3 • ISSN 2377-9187 88 A Map for Return Aracely Mondragon San Francisco Organizing Project/Peninsula Interfaith Action We almost lost each other in our migration an iron fence tugging at your sand-encrusted skin claiming the memories you left behind as your rite of passage we were left barren with no map of return I grew up not knowing how to love you thinking we were too different que me faltaba lengua para apreciar
    keywords: amae
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        item: #96 of 324
          id: amae-187
      author: None
       title: amae-187
        date: None
       words: 1214
      flesch: 34
     summary: Gonzales’ approach is Gramscian and thus he does not just investigate current immigration policies but the role of civil society actors, the media, and politician-pundits in terms of the current perception that there is an immigration crisis as well as middle-of-the-road reformers and more progressive (i.e. radical) activists. The sum of Gonzales’ arguments suggest that the system does not seem broken so much as purposefully creating public fears about criminal-immigrants, whose criminality is not determined by crime so much as by racial, gender, and economic class statuses.
    keywords: book; gonzales; immigration; reform
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        item: #97 of 324
          id: amae-188
      author: None
       title: amae-188
        date: None
       words: 6608
      flesch: 71
     summary: Volume 10 Issue 1 2016 AMAE Open Issue Editors Patricia Sánchez The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal Journal Website: http://amaejournal.utsa.edu http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ El Cruce Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1, ISSN 2377-9187 | 3 El Cruce Miguel Within this narrative, the author not only describes the challenges in crossing into the U.S. but also weaves in lessons he has learned as an educator of other bilingual immigrant children.
    keywords: amae; american; border; coyote; educators; issue; journal; mexican; money; states; volume
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        item: #98 of 324
          id: amae-189
      author: None
       title: amae-189
        date: None
       words: 7144
      flesch: 49
     summary: The effect these laws have on children in mixed status families is chilling. Hence, in regards to undocumented students, the intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991) of their identities, heavily influenced by society’s regard for immigrants (or lack thereof), makes it more difficult to maintain a positive self-image.
    keywords: american; association; children; education; educators; families; family; health; immigrants; immigration; journal; parents; school; status; status families; students
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        item: #99 of 324
          id: amae-19
      author: None
       title: amae-19
        date: None
       words: 186
      flesch: 86
     summary: ¿Por qué, cuando Cortez vino, le creíste ser Dios? ¿Por qué le creíste ser divino?
    keywords: por; qué
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        item: #100 of 324
          id: amae-190
      author: None
       title: amae-190
        date: None
       words: 7084
      flesch: 50
     summary: Pre-service and in-service teachers in the field of dual language education can benefit from viewing Latina/o students as nepantleras/os when examining language education policies. Keywords: Borderlands, language education policy, dual language education, nepantla,
    keywords: consciousness; dl education; education; educators; english; freire; journal; language; language education; policies; students; teachers
       cache: amae-190.pdf
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        item: #101 of 324
          id: amae-191
      author: None
       title: amae-191
        date: None
       words: 10686
      flesch: 54
     summary: The analysis also confirmed the fluidity of the CCW framework as various forms of capital intersected in the examination of parent involvement practices. Although not being able to understand the language has been documented to be a barrier to mainstream parent involvement practices, the mothers engaged in practices that allowed their children to complete their homework that at the same time helped develop children’s bilingual skills.
    keywords: amae; american; capital; children; cultural; education; educators; help; homework; involvement; issue; journal; mexican; mothers; parent; parent involvement; practices; que; school; study
       cache: amae-191.pdf
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        item: #102 of 324
          id: amae-192
      author: None
       title: amae-192
        date: None
       words: 9117
      flesch: 45
     summary: Sacrifice and bravery promotes the recognition of struggle undocumented immigrant families face as they endure multiple forms of subordination in societal settings, educational institutions, work settings, and in the community. Yow (2005) states oral history, as a method, is important: 1) because it follows the basic principle of grounded theory methods allowing for in-depth data collection and for themes and categories to emerge; 2) because oral history as a method allows for the revealing of the daily life at home and at work that rarely gets recorded; and 3) because it lends itself feasibly to recording family history through, stories, feelings, and motivations.
    keywords: amae; american; chicana; community; educators; family; history; immigrant; issue; journal; latina; lessons; mexican; migration; pedagogies; students
       cache: amae-192.pdf
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        item: #103 of 324
          id: amae-193
      author: None
       title: amae-193
        date: None
       words: 6933
      flesch: 50
     summary: In Southwest states, like California and Texas, Latin@s are more than half of public school students. Similarly, we use a CRT and LatCrit lens to examine the location of Latin@ students in different types of Chicago public schools.
    keywords: amae; american; chicago; cps; educational; educators; enrollment; issue; journal; latin@; latin@s; mexican; public; schools; students
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        item: #104 of 324
          id: amae-194
      author: None
       title: amae-194
        date: None
       words: 11358
      flesch: 49
     summary: In California alone, 75% of community college students are identified as “not ready” for college-level math or English (Engstrom, 2008). Much of what we know about Latino first-generation college students has been through studies that have examined first-generation students or Latino college students.
    keywords: amae; american; association; children; college; college students; communities; community; education; educators; families; generation; generation college; issue; journal; latino; learning; mexican; parents; students
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        item: #105 of 324
          id: amae-195
      author: None
       title: amae-195
        date: None
       words: 7930
      flesch: 54
     summary: Although Ms. Lynn did not know the students were discussing the text through freestyling, they stopped when she approached; the freedom of selecting their own method for literature discussion was central to their ability to complete the task she set for class. This also allowed them to enact the literacy event of literature discussion based on their interests and goals and allowed them to construct their understanding across languages and cultures to negotiate new learning (Dyson, 2003).
    keywords: american; children; discussion; journal; language; literacy; literature; mexican; reading; shady; slim; students; text
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        item: #106 of 324
          id: amae-196
      author: None
       title: amae-196
        date: None
       words: 1675
      flesch: 43
     summary: The narratives from children, family members, community Martinez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1, ISSN 2377-9187 | 180 service providers, and teachers demonstrate how the activities enacted by child brokers often involved complex interactions and negotiations between parents and children, providers and children, and teachers and children. She attempts to illustrate this through the various voices and actors involved in brokering activities children engaged in on a daily basis.
    keywords: brokering; children; katz; parents
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        item: #107 of 324
          id: amae-197
      author: None
       title: amae-197
        date: None
       words: 3156
      flesch: 41
     summary: Latinx students represent 23% of community college students nationwide (AACC, 2017). The following article, “Latina student mothers trenzas de identidades in the community college,” authored by Hortencia Jimenez and Nereida Oliva, provides insights into the experiences of Latina community college students who are mothers.
    keywords: american; association; college; community; community college; education; issue; latinx; latinx students; students
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        item: #108 of 324
          id: amae-198
      author: None
       title: amae-198
        date: None
       words: 9487
      flesch: 48
     summary: Specifically, attention was given to members of one professional assocation for community college leaders. In this article, community college leaders are defined as members of the professional assocation between 2012-2015.
    keywords: amae; american; association; college leaders; colleges; community; community college; education; educators; journal; latinx; leaders; leadership; new; o leaders; research; spatial; students; study
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        item: #109 of 324
          id: amae-199
      author: None
       title: amae-199
        date: None
       words: 8185
      flesch: 51
     summary: Keywords: race, persistence, Latinx students, institutional research, community colleges DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24974/amae.11.2.349 Abrica & Rivas Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2 44 Introduction Institutional Research (IR) offices, sometimes referred to as Offices of Institutional Effectiveness (IE), evaluation, assessment, enrollment research and/or planning, play an important role in shaping decision-making, policies, and practices within colleges and universities (Hossler, Kuh, & Olsen, 2001; Volkwein, 2008). Each testimonio documents the specific ways in which our own ways of knowing and Abrica & Rivas Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2 60 desires to advocate on behalf of Latinx students threatened the political neutrality, complacency, and colorblindness that is associated with the field of institutional research.
    keywords: american; association; college; community; data; education; educators; equity; institutional; journal; mexican; research; students; volume
       cache: amae-199.pdf
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        item: #110 of 324
          id: amae-2
      author: Valencia, Albert
       title: Fulfilling the University Promise: Enriching the Art of Mentoring with Counseling Methods and Empirical Evidence
        date: 2007.0
       words: 5120
      flesch: 50
     summary: The University is committed to increase options for the next generation of children by using culturally appropriate and linguistically sensitive models to mentor students and assist them to persist in school and to graduate. The following section will present a review of the predictors of attrition among college students found in the literature.
    keywords: college; factor; journal; mentor; mentoring; persistence; retention; students; training; university; year
       cache: amae-2.pdf
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        item: #111 of 324
          id: amae-200
      author: None
       title: amae-200
        date: None
       words: 8118
      flesch: 39
     summary: Thus, faculty play an important role as the primary point of contact with students and impact students’ outcomes through meaningful relationships (Nakajima, Dembo, & Mossler, 2012) particularly for community college students (Kim, 2010; Tovar, 2014) and Latinx students (Barnett, 2011). Other studies focusing on the experiences of community college students have produced contradictory findings.
    keywords: agents; american; college; community; education; engagement; faculty; interaction; journal; latinx; latinx students; mexican; students; time
       cache: amae-200.pdf
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        item: #112 of 324
          id: amae-201
      author: None
       title: amae-201
        date: None
       words: 8308
      flesch: 49
     summary: Understanding how Latino fathers engage in their children’s education is important given their unique influence in the home. Although scholarship focused on the specific role Latino fathers play in the educational pathways of their children is scant, Quiñones and Marquez Kiyama (2014) underscore how at the K-12 level, Latino fathers cultivate educational success as a family endeavor, critique the dominant parent-school-district dynamics, and acknowledge their critical role as fathers resisting racism and invisibility in schools.
    keywords: capital; college; community; education; experiences; fathers; journal; latino; men; role; sons; students; study
       cache: amae-201.pdf
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        item: #113 of 324
          id: amae-203
      author: None
       title: amae-203
        date: None
       words: 8665
      flesch: 54
     summary: Literature on student mothers focus primarily on the graduate level (Castañeda & Isgro, 2013; González, 2007; Lynch, 2008; Springer, Parker, & Leviten-Reid 2009), with little attention to community college student mothers, rendering them “unexplored Jiménez & Oliva Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Theorizing Trenzas/Braids in Chicana/Latina Educational Scholarship Our individual and collective experiences as former first generation graduate student mothers of color offer a unique understanding—a cultural intuition—that is sensitive to the experiences of community college student mothers (Delgado Bernal, 2002).
    keywords: american; anayeli; chicana; college; community; community college; education; identidades; journal; latina; motherhood; mothers; parents; rosa; student; student mothers; trenzas
       cache: amae-203.pdf
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        item: #114 of 324
          id: amae-204
      author: None
       title: amae-204
        date: None
       words: 8531
      flesch: 47
     summary: This moderate view speaks in agreement to the types of literacy practices that are necessary for college students and their college knowledge (Conley, 2005). Concepts of “Standard” English and Discourses have real implications for college students, particularly those who are historically underserved such as Latinx students, in college English.
    keywords: amae; american; college; community; courses; education; educators; english; issue; journal; language; latinx; latinx students; research; students; writing
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        item: #115 of 324
          id: amae-205
      author: None
       title: amae-205
        date: None
       words: 7975
      flesch: 41
     summary: Community college transfer students may require additional and different kinds of support given their experiences (Townsend & Wilson, 2006)—this is Cortez & Castro Association of Mexican American Educators (AMEA) Journal © 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2 158 particularly true for community college transfer students of Color attending Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) (Bensimon & Dowd 2009; Dowd et al., 2013; Museus & Neville, 2012). For community college transfer students, making connections with institutional agents can prove challenging during the transfer process (Bensimon, & Dowd, 2009; Fry, 2002).
    keywords: academic; agents; college; community; community college; institution; journal; mexican; mexican american; students; support; transfer; transfer students
       cache: amae-205.pdf
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        item: #116 of 324
          id: amae-206
      author: None
       title: amae-206
        date: None
       words: 2889
      flesch: 50
     summary: Dr. Nancy Acevedo-Gil: Latino students have these aspirations to transfer, unfortunately we know that at least 85% of students who are coming into the community college system will be testing into developmental or remedial math and after four years of course work out of 100 students who actually enroll in developmental math, only 17 will complete a transfer level math course. So I appreciate the work that you all are doing in continuing to lead the effort—to focus attention on Latino students.
    keywords: college; community; state; students; system
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        item: #117 of 324
          id: amae-207
      author: None
       title: amae-207
        date: None
       words: 1265
      flesch: 64
     summary: How dare we speak to community college students about these things; these students aren’t going … aren’t going… to make it that far, right?– that’s a real tragedy. When we continue to name oppressive experiences faced by Latinx community college students, we are shut down as these “are things of the past.”
    keywords: amae; journal; students; tragedy
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        item: #118 of 324
          id: amae-208
      author: None
       title: amae-208
        date: None
       words: 1333
      flesch: 59
     summary: Núñez explains that the housing arrangement fulfilled two purposes: it minimized the stigma associated with attending community college and it supported students by providing a temporary respite from their (often dangerous) neighborhoods. The other audience is college students themselves who seek affirmation about their attempts to go into the unknown land of college.
    keywords: college; connecticut; dcep; núñez; students
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        item: #119 of 324
          id: amae-209
      author: None
       title: amae-209
        date: None
       words: 8228
      flesch: 56
     summary: Discussion Given the influx of dual language programs in the U.S., it is important for early childhood teachers to develop strong pedagogical practices that will accommodate bilingual children’s needs as they develop bilingualism and biliteracy. In this classroom, children were developing their biliteracy skills within what Krashen (1987) termed the silent period, where bilingual children silently listen as they process the target language before they begin to use it with confidence.
    keywords: american; association; benavides; childhood; children; development; english; journal; language; learning; mexican; mrs; partner; students; teachers
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        item: #120 of 324
          id: amae-21
      author: None
       title: amae-21
        date: None
       words: 8
      flesch: 114
     summary: pg7 pg8 pg9 pg10 pg11 pg12 pg13 pg14
    keywords: pg14
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        item: #121 of 324
          id: amae-210
      author: None
       title: amae-210
        date: None
       words: 8280
      flesch: 49
     summary: The data collection spanned one academic year and consisted of a questionnaire, one-on-one semi-structured interviews with each participant, document collection (i.e., teachers’ syllabi, photographs of classroom, samples of student work, log of activities with students, etc.), and teacher journaling (three journal prompts per teacher) where the teachers were provided additional space for self-reflection pertaining to their pedagogical practices. Latinas/os have also used their education to organize and generate social movements, as they did through the student walkouts of the Chicana/o Movement in the late 1960’s, which was largely organized by college students and centered around social and educational justice (Muñoz, 1989; Urrieta, 2004).
    keywords: college; education; educators; expectations; going; high; issue; journal; latina; school; students; teachers; working
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        item: #122 of 324
          id: amae-211
      author: None
       title: amae-211
        date: None
       words: 6413
      flesch: 49
     summary: Inquiry surrounding “knowing” has also focused, among other things, on the psychological and subjective experiences of Latinx community college students and their interplay with degree persistence (Zell, 2010), and how shifting demographics combined with fossilized status advantage stymie intergenerational educational immobility within Latinx communities (Alon, Domina, & Tienda, 2010). Persistence of community college students: The influence of student intent and academic and social integration.
    keywords: aguilar; american; career; college; community; community college; education; journal; latinx; mexican; pathways; students; year
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        item: #123 of 324
          id: amae-212
      author: None
       title: amae-212
        date: None
       words: 6825
      flesch: 39
     summary: This was an exploratory qualitative study utilizing tenets of phenomenology to examine the lived experiences of front-line student services professionals in Admissions and Financial Aid and their dilemmas in interpreting and implementing California Assembly Bill 540 (2001) in their interactions with undocumented students. Front-line student services professionals are often the make-it or break-it persons for undocumented students to realize their dreams of attaining a postsecondary education because they determine whether students can pay in-state tuition and receive financial aid.
    keywords: admissions; aid; california; college; education; journal; line; professionals; services; state; students; tuition
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        item: #124 of 324
          id: amae-213
      author: None
       title: amae-213
        date: None
       words: 8224
      flesch: 47
     summary: Ethnic diversity and Latino/a college access: A comparison of Mexican American and Puerto Rican beginning college students. Statewide transfer and articulation policies have been found to be effective in supporting community college student transfer to baccalaureate-granting institutions (Anderson, Sun, & Alfonso, 2006).
    keywords: college; community; community college; education; enrollment; journal; latina; research; states; students; trends; year
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        item: #125 of 324
          id: amae-214
      author: None
       title: amae-214
        date: None
       words: 9131
      flesch: 66
     summary: Each day each discussion group lasted about 20-30 minutes and was done while other students were in literacy centers. Since I wanted to promote critical consciousness in my students, I wanted to look closer at the following research question: “How can a teacher encourage student vulnerability and sharing of personal narratives?”
    keywords: amae; american; association; children; classroom; dad; discussions; educators; father; journal; literature; mexican; osorio; que; spanish; stories; students; teacher; translation; volume
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        item: #126 of 324
          id: amae-215
      author: None
       title: amae-215
        date: None
       words: 11002
      flesch: 51
     summary: Community college student mental health: Student figurines surfaced from a place of ancestry, memory, and Native land.
    keywords: amae; american; archaeopedagogy; association; body; clay; community; educators; figurine; garcia; health; issue; journal; medicine; mesoamerican; mexican; mexican american; self; students; trauma; volume; work
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        item: #127 of 324
          id: amae-216
      author: None
       title: amae-216
        date: None
       words: 3316
      flesch: 79
     summary: I started high school and was determined to change the course of my future. She started to work, and I was left alone in high school.
    keywords: amae; american; journal; school; story; time
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        item: #128 of 324
          id: amae-217
      author: None
       title: amae-217
        date: None
       words: 952
      flesch: 48
     summary: Furthermore, GWO supports creating strong and productive relationships for teacher preparation with university instructors and the curriculum development of teacher education. Maxine Christina Sigala University of Colorado at Denver I highly recommend this book for use in teacher education development programs, as it will be an instrument to help both faculty and administrators in K-12 environments and postsecondary institutions navigate the dismal and disheartening educational paths of Latina/o, Mexican, and Native American youth in the United States.
    keywords: latina; teachers; university
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        item: #129 of 324
          id: amae-218
      author: None
       title: amae-218
        date: None
       words: 1366
      flesch: 34
     summary: Furthermore, while scholars suggest that several factors complicate the understanding of HSIs, they often do not provide ways to transform HSIs to better serve Latinx students. Lastly, this collection also provides a solid foundation for future research on HSIs by inspiring scholars to abandon or to reimagine normalized approaches to research such as comparison studies between HSIs and PWIs or between Latinx students and their White peers.
    keywords: hsis; institutions; research; students; volume
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        item: #130 of 324
          id: amae-219
      author: None
       title: amae-219
        date: None
       words: 676
      flesch: 84
     summary: The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal Valencia Association of Mexican American Educators (AMEA) Valencia Association of Mexican American Educators (AMEA)
    keywords: journal; mother
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        item: #131 of 324
          id: amae-22
      author: None
       title: amae-22
        date: None
       words: 6
      flesch: 116
     summary: pg15 pg16 pg17 pg18 pg19 pg20
    keywords: pg15
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        item: #132 of 324
          id: amae-220
      author: None
       title: amae-220
        date: None
       words: 459
      flesch: 66
     summary: Mi mente siempre se preocupa por mi gente, Y trato de mantener las dos manos abiertas, Listas para recibir las instrucciones de mi Dios. Babino Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 1 176 No captan mi realidad, Como medio pollo— Ni de aquí ni de allá: Una Latina bien güera—pelirroja; Quien ama español e English with Deep, symbiotic Furiosidad; Sea lo que sea, Entiendo que mi habla y escritura española es Su propio acto de resistencia.
    keywords: que
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        item: #133 of 324
          id: amae-221
      author: None
       title: amae-221
        date: None
       words: 417
      flesch: 66
     summary: The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antoni Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal Martinez 178 A Subtractive Intellectualism Ricardo Martinez Iowa State University Ames, Iowa Learning to socialize—as kids playing tag, the game evolves to cops and robbers, like sides of a coin, it changes to superheroes versus super villains Batman Superman Wonder Woman She-Ra and Captain America; this is who we want to be, who we watch on weekends — white heroes saving the day. In the early grades of school— White students are Given pens and paper to write their dreams, like a mother’s warmth, filled with hope.
    keywords: martinez; university
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        item: #134 of 324
          id: amae-222
      author: None
       title: amae-222
        date: None
       words: 7198
      flesch: 47
     summary: I’ve seen like Mexican students here, and I agree with [the school administrators] that it slows down everybody’s learning process. I’ve seen like Mexican students here, and at the same time I agree with [the school administrators] that it slows down Santiago & Patrón-Vargas Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE)
    keywords: american; analysis; discrimination; educators; experiences; history; journal; language; mexican; school; students; white
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        item: #135 of 324
          id: amae-223
      author: None
       title: amae-223
        date: None
       words: 9051
      flesch: 42
     summary: Feeling excluded from ethnic student organizations was a recurring theme. If participation in ethnic student organizations provides students of color with an important sense of belonging on campus, then these students definitely missed out.
    keywords: american; college; education; experiences; generation; journal; latina; mexican; race; research; spanish; students; study
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        item: #136 of 324
          id: amae-224
      author: None
       title: amae-224
        date: None
       words: 7712
      flesch: 61
     summary: Given how much of the history of minority teachers has been lost (Kafka, 2016), more inquiry into what Latinx teachers bring into schools and why their presence matters so much in classrooms is needed. The research questions for this project are: how do Latinx teachers see their role in their schools?
    keywords: american; classroom; education; educators; journal; latinx; monica; new; school; students; teachers; teaching; work
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        item: #137 of 324
          id: amae-225
      author: None
       title: amae-225
        date: None
       words: 7237
      flesch: 46
     summary: California DREAMers: Activism, identity, and empowerment among undocumented college students. State policies regarding undocumented college students: A narrative of unresolved issues, ongoing debate and missed opportunities.
    keywords: access; amae; american; college; community; daca; education; journal; nevada; participants; research; resources; students; undocumented
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        item: #138 of 324
          id: amae-226
      author: None
       title: amae-226
        date: None
       words: 7947
      flesch: 53
     summary: Montejano (1987) and Ramos (2010), researching Texas Mexicans revealed a history of exploitation, mistreatment, corruption, separation, and marginalization, which began with segregations of elites through the creation of a dual wage system that relegated and trapped Mexicans in the agricultural labor sector. As such, this article is the product of a praxis that emerged from an original MA thesis research project for Pantoja Perez.
    keywords: amae; american; association; burial; cemetery; educators; family; identity; journal; life; mexican; mexican american; nixon; pantoja; perez; practices; texas; volume
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        item: #139 of 324
          id: amae-227
      author: None
       title: amae-227
        date: None
       words: 8398
      flesch: 44
     summary: Learning and living pedagogies of the home: The mestiza consciousness of Chicana students. I knew exactly what it felt like when faculty failed to address issues that disproportionately impacted minoritized students and I could not fathom replicated those practices.
    keywords: bernal; chicana; classroom; education; educators; experiences; feminist; journal; latina; profesora; students; testimonio
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        item: #140 of 324
          id: amae-228
      author: None
       title: amae-228
        date: None
       words: 7172
      flesch: 48
     summary: As educators that are committed to democratic liberatory education for all, we are called to create spaces and places where we can cultivate and curate experiences that can provide avenues for students to develop self-awareness and agency. These dialogical spaces and places will problematize and question students’ knowledge and understanding leading them to articulate perspectives inhibited by hidden curriculum that hinders them from developing and actualizing a sense of self and purpose.
    keywords: american; anzaldúa; children; curriculum; decolonizing; educators; experiences; journal; mexican; orgullo; pedagogy; students; teachers; testimonio
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        item: #141 of 324
          id: amae-229
      author: None
       title: amae-229
        date: None
       words: 257
      flesch: 71
     summary: http://amaejournal.utsa.edu ISSN: 2377-9187 Volume 13 Issue 1 2019 AMAE Open Issue Editors Patricia Sánchez The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ Toledo Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2019, Volume 13, Issue 1 142 Where I’m From Ernesto Wilehaldo Toledo 7th grade KIPP Poder Academy I am from Family Photos from Fabuloso and Clorox. I am from the hills of Jalisco and the San Antonio heat, from frijoles and tacos.
    keywords: antonio; issue
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        item: #142 of 324
          id: amae-230
      author: Urrieta, Jr., Luis; Mesinas, Melissa; Martínez, Ramón Antonio
       title: Critical Latinx Indigeneities and Education: An Introduction
        date: 2019.0
       words: 5586
      flesch: 37
     summary: Educators cannot continue to exclude the learning experiences in which Indigenous Latinx youth engage in with their family and cultural communities because these encompass critical forms of Indigenous knowledges and cultural assets that contribute to the development, education, and well-being of Indigenous youth, their families and communities (Urrieta, 2015). Participation in bailables, or traditional dance performances, intergenerational philharmonic bands, basketball tournaments, and trips back to the pueblo are a few examples of how Indigenous youth engage in their cultural traditions (Urrieta & Martínez, 2011).
    keywords: american; education; educators; experiences; indigeneity; issue; journal; language; latinx; mexican; u.s; university; urrieta; youth; zapotec
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        item: #143 of 324
          id: amae-231
      author: Barillas Chón, David W.
       title: Indigenous Immigrant Youth’s Understandings of Power: Race, Labor, and Language
        date: 2019.0
       words: 10842
      flesch: 47
     summary: I did not overhear Indigenous language speaking youth speak to one another in Indigenous languages in any of the classrooms where I volunteered with classwork. Moreover, Indigenous speaking youth, especially the young women, would sit together and speak a mix of their Indigenous languages and Spanish, with Indigenous languages prominently spoken.
    keywords: amae; american; educators; experiences; immigrant; journal; k’iche; labor; language; mexican; people; power; spanish; study; u.s; work; youth
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        item: #144 of 324
          id: amae-232
      author: Casanova, Saskias
       title: Aprendiendo y Sobresaliendo: Resilient Indigeneity & Yucatec-Maya youth
        date: 2019.0
       words: 9290
      flesch: 47
     summary: The dance represents the existence of Maya culture in the present in these students’ lives. In addition, six participants discussed their exposure to Maya culture through storytelling.
    keywords: american; culture; experiences; identities; identity; journal; latinx; maya; mexican; parents; participants; resilience; school; students; u.s; youth; yucatec
       cache: amae-232.pdf
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        item: #145 of 324
          id: amae-233
      author: Vásquez, Rafael
       title: Zapotec Identity as a Matter of Schooling
        date: 2019.0
       words: 10394
      flesch: 52
     summary: Although Zapotec ethnic identity seems to be related to Zapotec speaking abilities, even high levels of speaking ability do not always activate Indigenous ethnic identity. Discussion There are two indicators that predict Indigenous ethnic identity: ethnolinguistic identity, and the absence of Indigenous labels; both are related to Indigenous ethnic identity formation Vásquez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE)
    keywords: amae; american; association; culture; educators; identity; issue; journal; language; mexican; mexico; oaxacan; school; spanish; students; teachers; volume; youth; zapotec
       cache: amae-233.pdf
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        item: #146 of 324
          id: amae-234
      author: Morales, P. Zitlali; Saravia, Lydia A.; Pérez-Iribe, María Fernanda
       title: Multilingual Mexican-Origin Students' Perspectives on Their Indigenous Heritage Language
        date: 2019.0
       words: 12527
      flesch: 60
     summary: While dual immersion programs have helped to shift expectations of language maintenance of emergent bilingual students by using their linguistic backgrounds as assets in the classroom, dual immersion programs largely treat Latinx students as Spanish language speakers. The importance of teaching Indigenous languages; and 3) Affirmation of Mexican Indigenous children’s identities.
    keywords: amae; american; association; educators; edwin; english; grade; issue; journal; kevin; language; mexican; mexico; morales; oaxaca; que; rosa; school; spanish; students; volume; zapoteco; zitlali
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        item: #147 of 324
          id: amae-235
      author: Martínez, Ramón Antonio; Mesinas, Melisa
       title: Linguistic Motherwork in the Zapotec Diaspora: Zapoteca Mothers’ Perspectives on Indigenous Language Maintenance
        date: 2019.0
       words: 9404
      flesch: 47
     summary: “Spread your ass cheeks”: And other things that should not be said in indigenous languages. Abstract This article explores Indigenous Mexican mothers’ perspectives on multilingualism and Indigenous language maintenance in their children’s lives.
    keywords: amae; american; association; children; educators; issue; journal; language; latinx; maintenance; mexican; mothers; motherwork; olivia; que; states; women; zapoteco
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        item: #148 of 324
          id: amae-236
      author: Urrieta, Jr., Luis; Calderón, Dolores
       title: Critical Latinx Indigeneities: Unpacking Indigeneity from Within and Outside of Latinized Entanglements
        date: 2019.0
       words: 12141
      flesch: 36
     summary: These settler colonial logics include violence by these groupings against Indigenous people, or indios, that has been part of Mexican and U.S. history in the Southwest. Indigenous Latinxs make up some of that increasing diversity and for better or worse they often become engulfed in the larger regulatory narratives of experience in the U.S., such as Hispanic or Latinx, that tend to disappear and assimilate Indigenous peoples.
    keywords: amae; american; association; calderón; cli; colonial; educators; indian; indigeneities; indigeneity; issue; journal; land; latinx; mexican; mexican american; new; peoples; settler; spanish; u.s; volume; white
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        item: #149 of 324
          id: amae-237
      author: Torres-Velásquez, E. Diane; Rodríguez, Cristóbal; Hinojosa, David G.; Bono, Marisa M.
       title: Education, Law and the Courts: Communities in the Struggle for Equality and Equity in Public Education
        date: 2019.0
       words: 4352
      flesch: 46
     summary: Public school education in New Mexico. Journal © 2019, Volume 13, Issue 3 6 Education, Law and the Courts: Communities in the Struggle for Equality and Equity in Public Education E. Diane Torres-Velásquez, Ph.D. The University of New Mexico Cristóbal Rodríguez, Ph.D. Howard University David G. Hinojosa, J.D. Lawyer’s Committee for Civil Rights Under Law Marisa M. Bono VIA Metropolitan Transit On April 1, 2014, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) filed suit on behalf of fifty-one Latina, Latino, and Native American parents and children against the New Mexico Public Education Department (NMPED) complaining of the state’s failure to fulfill their obligation of providing a quality education to their children.
    keywords: american; education; issue; mexican; mexico; new; new mexico; school; state; students
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        item: #150 of 324
          id: amae-238
      author: Hinojosa, David G.
       title: New Mexico’s 2019 School Finance Reforms and The Essential Building Blocks for State School Finance
        date: 2019.0
       words: 9247
      flesch: 46
     summary: Once these foundations are in place, a state can begin identifying the essential building blocks of state school finance that will assist diverse students and schools in meeting the educational standards and goals of the state. Providing an allotment to cover the additional cost of CTE courses and programs should now be considered an essential building block of state school finance.
    keywords: american; association; blocks; building; districts; education; finance; funding; mexican; mexico; new; new mexico; school; school finance; state; students
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        item: #151 of 324
          id: amae-239
      author: Moreno, Celina; Robledo Montecel, María “Cuca”; Montemayor, Aurelio
       title: A Unique Blend of Research, Policy, Practice and Engagement to Impact Public Education for All Students
        date: 2019.0
       words: 11772
      flesch: 47
     summary: In the U.S. v. Texas (1980) motion to enforce regarding evident inadequate education of English learners in Texas led the federal court to rule that Texas needed to adopt bilingual education and ESL programs for public school students. Up until 1986, Texas schools had not collected or reported any data related to high school dropouts.
    keywords: amae; american; association; children; development; education; educators; funding; idra; idra newsletter; journal; mexican; montecel; montemayor; newsletter; policy; research; robledo; school; state; students; texas
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        item: #152 of 324
          id: amae-24
      author: Fuentes, Emma Haydée; Pérez, Manuel Alejandro
       title: Our Stories are our Sanctuary: Testimony as a Sacred of Belonging
        date: 2016.0
       words: 3273
      flesch: 49
     summary: In turn, we see testimonios as standing on their own without the need to counter, as essential stories of resistance and healing that reignite social change from beyond a binary of us versus them. Counter-stories are critical to the livelihood of communities who are displaced beyond the borders of master narratives.
    keywords: communities; educators; issue; mexican; narratives; resistance; stories; testimonio
       cache: amae-24.pdf
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        item: #153 of 324
          id: amae-240
      author: Cabrera, Nolan L.; Chang, Robert S.
       title: Stats, Social Justice, and the Limits of Interest Convergence: The Story of Tucson Unified’s Mexican American Studies Litigation
        date: 2019.0
       words: 10093
      flesch: 54
     summary: Along with Dr. Cabrera on the analytical team were Dr. Jeffrey F. Milem, associate dean of the College of Education, and Dr. Ronald W. Marx, dean of the College of Education. These are very serious accusations, and in both his deposition and his trial testimony, Dr. Haladyna called for further investigation regarding cheating and grade inflation, although he himself did not investigate despite having access to all raw data, cleaned data, syntax, and results from Dr. Cabrera’s previous analyses.
    keywords: amae; american; association; cabrera; educators; issue; journal; judge; mexican; mexican american; más; program; state; students; studies; volume
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        item: #154 of 324
          id: amae-241
      author: Contreras, Frances
       title: Examining College Readiness among Latinx and Native American Students: Education as a Civil Right in the case of Martínez v. State of New Mexico
        date: 2019.0
       words: 7222
      flesch: 60
     summary: Cuba NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
    keywords: american; college; data; district; education; mexican; mexico; new; readiness; school; state; students
       cache: amae-241.pdf
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        item: #155 of 324
          id: amae-242
      author: Rodríguez, Cristóbal
       title: Achievement, Politics, and Policy Shifts: Expert Report on Achievement for Martínez/Yazzie v. New Mexico
        date: 2019.0
       words: 7629
      flesch: 50
     summary: During this period of time, close to 30% of Hispanic students were proficient or above in reading, math, and science, and close to 25% of American Indian students were proficient or above. In 2015 and 2016, White students, American Indian students, and Hispanic/all students/economically disadvantaged students scored at similar levels, with a slight edge by White and American Indian students.
    keywords: american; english; indian; learners; mexico; new; rates; state; students
       cache: amae-242.pdf
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        item: #156 of 324
          id: amae-244
      author: Trujillo Ellis, Bernadette; Trujillo, Patricia; Davis, Patricia Anne
       title: Reconstituting Youth Space in New Mexico: The Space Youth Occupy. Education Policy. Clarity.
        date: 2019.0
       words: 11415
      flesch: 49
     summary: As such, contemplation of the task at hand, which is to elicit a greater clarity in understanding the space New Mexico youth occupy in the state’s political consciousness, indicates critical thought and inquiry (Freire, 1970/1993). The intent, of which, is to contribute to the evolving critical discourse and enrich the potential for “the development of pragmatic strategies for political and economic survival” (Crenshaw, 1988, p. 1387) for New Mexico youth that are efficacious in closing the opportunity gap. Insights on Racism in New Mexican Youth Space Eliciting greater clarity necessitates seeing and naming racism because “by every social indicator, racism continues to blight the lives of people of color” (Delgado & Stefancic, 2012, p. 11) in that: Poverty… has a black or brown face… people of color lead shorter lives, receive worse medical care, complete fewer years of school, and occupy more menial jobs than do whites… African Americans in the United States would make up the twenty-seventh- ranked nation in the world on a combined index of social well-being; Latinos would rank thirty-third…
    keywords: amae; american; association; children; education; educators; hispanic; journal; mexican; mexico youth; new mexico; space; state; students; trujillo; youth; youth space
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        item: #157 of 324
          id: amae-245
      author: Necochea, Virginia
       title: Land and Water Traditions at the Core: The Importance of Community-Based and Community-Created Multicultural Education Models in New Mexico
        date: 2019.0
       words: 6218
      flesch: 46
     summary: What we’ve created is an opportunity for young emerging leaders to connect and learn from community leaders, researchers, scholars, and elders who can guide them on reaching deeper understandings of community needs. Self-governance is key and has long been part of acequia communities in New Mexico.
    keywords: communities; community; education; land; leadership; mexican; mexico; new; traditions; water
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        item: #158 of 324
          id: amae-246
      author: Torres-Velásquez, E. Diane; Sleeter, Christine E.; Romero, Augustine F.
       title: Martínez v. State of New Mexico and Multicultural Education: Divide and Conquer? We Don’t Think So!
        date: 2019.0
       words: 10278
      flesch: 47
     summary: Gay (2010) defines culturally responsive pedagogy as teaching “to and through [students’] personal and cultural strengths, their intellectual capabilities, and their prior accomplishments” (p. 26); it is premised on “close interactions among ethnic identity, cultural background, and student achievement” (p. 27). Students of teachers who believed and acted on principles of culturally responsive teaching made greater gains in reading than students of teachers whose beliefs and teaching were not consistent with culturally responsive teaching.
    keywords: american; association; curriculum; education; educators; journal; mexican; mexico; new; new mexico; pedagogy; research; romero; school; state; students; studies; teachers; teaching
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        item: #159 of 324
          id: amae-248
      author: O’Connor, Brendan H.
       title: Linguistic Hegemony and Counterhegemonic Discourse in the Borderlands
        date: 2018.0
       words: 5496
      flesch: 34
     summary: Several of the contributors (Anthony-Stevens, Debenport, Mortimer) are White, non-Indigenous scholars with long-term relationships with Indigenous communities, varying degrees of proficiency in Indigenous languages (Tiwa and Guaraní), and, in Anthony-Stevens’s case, Indigenous children and O’Connor Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2 8 family members. Bringing the “pre-modern” Indigenous peoples of the Americas into modernity (Wolf, 2010 as cited in Vélez-Ibáñez, 2017, p. 17)—i.e., re-making them into suitably “modern” subjects of colonial states by dehistoricizing them, or erasing their prior history—involved making Indigenous languages suitable for modernity (alongside the imposition of European languages).
    keywords: amae; american; association; discourse; educators; hegemony; issue; journal; language; mexican; spanish
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        item: #160 of 324
          id: amae-249
      author: Vélez-Ibáñez, Carlos G.
       title: Language Hegemonies and their Discontents: History, Theory, Bilingualism, and Funds of Knowledge
        date: 2018.0
       words: 10167
      flesch: 42
     summary: Equally, however, I as well consider that it is imperative to consider the subtle and unsubtle “discontents” of imposed populations who express their discontent in numerous ways from actual violent revolt in the past and present, such as among Indigenous populations in Oaxaca, to the creation of dual language programs in the present in the northern part of Southwest North America. Journal © 2018, Issue 12, Volume 2 35 An Ethnographic Assembly of Funds of Knowledge as Balance to Dual Language Social Inequity with a bit of Translanguaging: Antidotes to Ahistoricism and Cultural Erasure But dual language programs are not without their pitfalls and these must be avoided.
    keywords: amae; american; association; bilingualism; children; educators; english; issue; journal; knowledge; language; mexican; mexican american; populations; programs; spanish; students; vélez
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        item: #161 of 324
          id: amae-25
      author: Padilla, Frank
       title: Parents Rights: The Case for Madera Unified School District
        date: 2009.0
       words: 9
      flesch: 113
     summary: pg21 pg22 pg23 pg24 pg25 pg26 pg27 pg28 pg29
    keywords: pg21
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        item: #162 of 324
          id: amae-250
      author: Esquinca, Alberto; de la Piedra, María Teresa; Herrera-Rocha, Lidia
       title: Hegemonic Language Practices in Engineering Design and Dual Language Education
        date: 2018.0
       words: 10121
      flesch: 57
     summary: Dual language programs are Hegemonic Language Practices in Engineering Design Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Dual language programs emerged through relationship-building and activism with and among families and communities in multilingual communities in cities like Miami, Laredo and New York City (Menken, 2017).
    keywords: amae; american; design; educators; engineering; english; journal; language; mexican; pbl; practices; spanish; stem; students; year
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        item: #163 of 324
          id: amae-251
      author: Debenport, Erin
       title: Spatiotemporal, Geographic, and Linguistic Fixity: (Counter)hegemonies in the Pueblo Borderlands
        date: 2018.0
       words: 9530
      flesch: 43
     summary: However, dominant language ideologies in the Pueblo borderlands diverge from these views, presenting Spanish-English bilingualism—and by extension, fluency in other languages in addition to English and Spanish—as both authentic linguistic traditions of the region and as useful social tools. Stemming from language ideologies that emphasize tightly controlling access to Indigenous Pueblo languages, Southern Tiwa is one of the least-documented North American Indigenous languages, but using scant archival materials along with help from fluent speakers from Debenport Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2 84 the other two Southern Tiwa-speaking Pueblos in New Mexico, the language program has been very successful.
    keywords: amae; american; community; del; del sur; ideologies; journal; land; language; members; new; people; pueblo; spanish; sur; tribal; ysleta; ysleta del
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        item: #164 of 324
          id: amae-252
      author: Anthony-Stevens, Vanessa; Griño, Paulina
       title: Transborder Indigenous Education: Survivance and Border Thinking in the Professional Development and Practice of Maestros Indigenas
        date: 2018.0
       words: 10429
      flesch: 37
     summary: Yet, the primary mission of Indigenous teachers, Anthony-Stevens & Griño Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2 96 remains to adapt the national curriculum to local context using Indigenous language and Spanish, and to integrate Indigenous students into mainstream culture (Dietz & Mateos Cortes, 2011). This article highlights Indigenous teachers as strategic border negotiators, and narrators of counterhegemonic practices within institutional spaces.
    keywords: amae; american; american educators; association; colonial; community; development; education; educators; intercultural; issue; journal; knowledge; language; learning; mexican; mexican american; mexico; ngigua; participants; program; que; research; school; students; teachers; transborder; volume
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        item: #165 of 324
          id: amae-253
      author: Mortimer, Katherine S.
       title: The Hegemony of Language Separation: Discontents en Programas de Lenguaje Dual en Paraguay and El Paso
        date: 2018.0
       words: 12860
      flesch: 55
     summary: In general, in both places I identify as an invested newcomer: a newcomer as someone lacking historical knowledge and experience compared to others in this context, while I also invested in relationships and interaction with the aim that they be long-term, of some mutual benefit, and multiplex, intertwining my personal (mother, neighbor, friend) and professional (researcher, language student, teacher educator, workshop leader) roles. Unpacking ideologies of linguistic purism: How dual language teachers make sense of everyday translanguaging.
    keywords: amae; american; association; bilingual; education; educators; english; guarani; hegemony; ideologies; issue; journal; language; language separation; mexican; paraguay; people; que; school; spanish; students; teachers; translanguaging; use; volume
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        item: #166 of 324
          id: amae-255
      author: O’Connor, Brendan H.
       title: “Too Much Cream on the Tacos”: Narrative and Moral Personhood in Transfronterizo Experience
        date: 2018.0
       words: 11747
      flesch: 55
     summary: Her repositioning in this section, then, as accomplished through her creative referential practice, is finely tuned to the interactional text of her narrative—in particular, to her concern with what I will think her story has amounted to (Jefferson, 1978) and what I, as a teacher, might make of other stories about the borderlands and the students therein. Araís, for “Too Much Cream on the Tacos” Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 2 155 instance, once parodied the circulation of sensationalized border stories as a game of “telephone,” where a whole chain of tellings and retellings resulted in a grossly distorted view of events: “ ‘Oh, I heard that my grandma’s sister’s brother’s little friend, this happened,’ and—,” she added dismissively, “I’m like, ‘Oh, okay.’ ”
    keywords: amae; american; araís; association; border; cousins; educators; issue; journal; matamoros; mexican; narrative; people; stories; story; students; volume
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        item: #167 of 324
          id: amae-26
      author: Ochoa, Mariaelena
       title: Five Concepts for Counselors to Incorporate in their Work with Latina/o Youth and Parents
        date: 2009.0
       words: 7
      flesch: 115
     summary: pg30 pg31 pg32 pg33 pg34 pg35 pg36
    keywords: pg30
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        item: #168 of 324
          id: amae-27
      author: Olivos, Edward; Mendoza, Marcela
       title: Educational Equity and Rights: The Responsibilities of California’s Public Schools towards Immigrant Students and Communities
        date: 2009.0
       words: 6
      flesch: 116
     summary: pg37 pg38 pg39 pg40 pg41 pg42
    keywords: pg37
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        item: #169 of 324
          id: amae-28
      author: Jiménez-Silva, Margarita
       title: Lo Que Aprendimos: Advice for the Next Generation of Parents
        date: 2009.0
       words: 8
      flesch: 114
     summary: pg43 pg44 pg45 pg46 pg47 pg48 pg49 pg50
    keywords: pg43
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        item: #170 of 324
          id: amae-29
      author: Arce, Josephine
       title: Cultural Knowledge: A Foundation for Educational Aspirations
        date: 2009.0
       words: 8
      flesch: 114
     summary: pg51 pg52 pg53 pg54 pg55 pg56 pg57 pg58
    keywords: pg51
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        item: #171 of 324
          id: amae-304
      author: López, Patricia D.; Pérez, William
       title: Latinx Education Policy and Resistance in the Trump Era
        date: 2018.0
       words: 1738
      flesch: 31
     summary: Also focused on Latinx student resistance, Beltrán, Montoya-Ávila, García, and Canales’ ethnographic study examines how teachers build upon students’ lived experiences and community cultural wealth to cultivate resistant capital and scrutinize oppressive rhetoric in the current political climate. Moreover, the paper puts forth arguments for how education is both weaponized and used as a bargaining chip, particularly among immigrant Latinx youth and families.
    keywords: american; education; issue; latinx; resistance; trump
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        item: #172 of 324
          id: amae-305
      author: Siham Fernández, Jesica; Magaña Gamero, Alejandra
       title: Latinx/Chicanx Students on the Path to Conocimiento: Critical Reflexivity Journals as Tools for Healing and Resistance in the Trump Era
        date: 2018.0
       words: 8111
      flesch: 43
     summary: Forging spaces for Latinx students to situate themselves in relation to the knowledge produced in the classroom, as well as being positioned as experts of their own lives can have a transformative positive impact on students (Bernal, 2002; Sepúlveda, 2011). These patterns are also reflected in the number of Latinx students who pursue higher education.
    keywords: american; anzaldúa; chicanx; conocimiento; crj; education; educators; experiences; identities; journal; latinx; mexican; reflexivity; stage; students
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        item: #173 of 324
          id: amae-306
      author: Muñoz, Susana M.; Vigil, Darsella; Jach, Elizabeth; Rodriguez-Gutierrez, Marisela
       title: Unpacking Resilience and Trauma: Examining the “Trump Effect” in Higher Education for Undocumented Latinx College Students
        date: 2018.0
       words: 8096
      flesch: 51
     summary: Keywords: Dreamers, undocumented students, racist nativism, DACA, higher education DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24974/amae.12.3.405 http://dx.doi.org/10.24974/amae.12.3.405 The Trump Effect Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3 34 Introduction Immediately after the 2016 presidential election, the Southern Poverty Law Center (2016) surveyed 10,000 K-12 educators; 90% of the respondents reported the presidential election had a negative impact on school climate. Given the agenda of Trump and his administration, we believe it is imperative to understand if and how the campus climates of higher education institutions and undocumented students’ educational trajectories have been influenced by the Trump Effect in Colorado, a state which provides in-state tuition for undocumented students attending higher education institutions.
    keywords: amae; american; association; campus; climate; college; daca; education; educators; journal; mexican; participants; research; students; trump; volume
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        item: #174 of 324
          id: amae-307
      author: Allard, Elaine C.; Hamel Sellman, Jonathan; Torres, Brandon; Schwarz, Sydnie; Bernardino, Freddy; Castillo, Rebecca
       title: “A Promise to Support Us:” Undocumented Experiences on a Sanctuary Campus
        date: 2018.0
       words: 8257
      flesch: 45
     summary: Interviews 10 Faculty & staff 7 Understand pedagogical practices, institutional procedures, and material resources used to support undocumented students Undocumented students 3 Understand undocumented students’ experiences in more detail. Undocumented students at Hawthorne did not worry much about financial burdens, transportation, or overtly hostile peers and institutional agents—concerns that undocumented students face in less privileged contexts.
    keywords: amae; american; campus; college; daca; educators; experiences; hawthorne; immigration; journal; sanctuary; status; students; time
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        item: #175 of 324
          id: amae-308
      author: Mercado-López, Larissa M.; Alamillo, Laura; Herrera, Cristina
       title: Cap(tioning) Resistance on Stage: Chicana/Latina Graduation Caps and StoryBoarding as Syncretic Testimonio
        date: 2018.0
       words: 7963
      flesch: 49
     summary: As Chicana colleagues and good friends who have collaborated on other projects as well, we were excited about exploring our research synergies within the context of the study of graduation caps. Playing on the technical term of “mortorboards,” informally known as graduation caps, we propose reading the messages and decorations on the caps as a form of multimodal storytelling in which graduates critique their political climate and anti-immigrant policies, express pride in family histories, and declare Chicana/Latina feminist sensibilities.
    keywords: amae; american; association; caps; chicana; educators; graduates; graduation; graduation caps; immigrant; issue; journal; latina; mexican; parents; storyboarding; volume
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        item: #176 of 324
          id: amae-309
      author: Martin-Beltrán, Melinda; Montoya-Ávila, Angélica; Canales, Nancy
       title: “Do You Want to Tell Your Own Narrative?”: How One Teacher and Her Students Engage in Resistance by Leveraging Community Cultural Wealth
        date: 2018.0
       words: 9133
      flesch: 50
     summary: Our analysis of student letters revealed how students seized the opportunity to resist dominant anti- immigrant narratives by leveraging their resistant capital through counter-stories, assertions of experiential knowledge, and appeals to a moral imperative. Our study contributes to scholarship on CCW by exploring how CCW is utilized in a previously under-examined context and has implications for educators by offering 1 Corresponding author can be reached at: memb@umd.edu Leveraging Community Cultural Wealth Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3 98 examples of classroom practices that cultivate CCW and transform deficit discourses that threaten to impede academic success, especially among Latinx students.
    keywords: amae; american; association; capital; ccw; community; cultural; educators; immigrants; journal; mexican; nancy; school; students; trump
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        item: #177 of 324
          id: amae-310
      author: Rodriguez Vega, Silvia
       title: Praxis of Resilience & Resistance: “We can STOP Donald Trump” and Other Messages from Immigrant Children
        date: 2018.0
       words: 8144
      flesch: 55
     summary: For example, when immigrant children are exposed to immigration raids, teachers reported that children often missed school and were seldom able to concentrate when they attended, resulting in the slipping of grades (Chaudry et al., 2010). Through the collection and analysis of almost two hundred drawings by immigrant children in Arizona, I found that children were critical of racism and discrimination by police officers and other authority figures (Rodriguez Vega, 2018).
    keywords: amae; american; art; association; children; class; educators; immigrant; immigration; issue; journal; mexican; resistance; school; students; trump; volume
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        item: #178 of 324
          id: amae-311
      author: López, Ruth M.; Matos, Yalidy
       title: Latinx Education Under Attack: The Implications of Immigration Policy for Education
        date: 2018.0
       words: 8466
      flesch: 49
     summary: In fact, as we argue below, given the direct impact of immigration policies and enforcement on the lives of school-age children and young adults, education policy has become immigration policy. In the last decade, anti-immigrant policies have brought schools face to face with immigration policies in the classroom.
    keywords: american; association; children; daca; education; educators; group; immigrant; immigration; issue; journal; mexican; policies; policy; race; school; students; theory
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        item: #179 of 324
          id: amae-312
      author: Serrano, Uriel; Vazquez, Andrea Del Carmen; Meneses Samperio, Raul; Mattheis, Allison
       title: Symbolic Sanctuary and Discursive Dissonance: Limitations of Policy and Practice to Support Undocumented Students at Hispanic Serving Institutions
        date: 2018.0
       words: 8386
      flesch: 36
     summary: Based on a review of the extant literature and in response to changing conditions for undocumented university students and communities, this study was guided by the following research question: How do two public HSIs in California interpret their responsibilities in the context of a changing federal immigration policy environment? Serrano, Vazquez, Meneses Samperio, & Mattheis Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3 173 Undocumented Latinx Students in Higher Education Two prominent themes in the current literature about undocumented Latinx students in higher education are the impact of financial constraints (Diaz-Strong, Gómez, Luna-Duarte, & Meiners, 2011; Pérez Huber, 2009; Suárez-Orozco et al., 2015), and family supports as a resource (Diaz-Strong et al., 2011; Pérez Huber, 2009; Pérez, Espinoza, Ramos, Coronado, & Cortes, 2009; Punti 2017).
    keywords: american; campus; daca; dorado; education; hispanic; hsis; institutions; journal; latinx; policy; sanctuary; state; students; support; university
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        item: #180 of 324
          id: amae-313
      author: Sanchez, Irene
       title: Canyon City
        date: 2018.0
       words: 721
      flesch: 44
     summary: http://amaejournal.utsa.edu ISSN: 2377-9187 http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ Sanchez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3 191 Canyon City By Irene Sanchez For the students of Azusa, CA Driving through the canyon city Find Botanicas and Barber shops Mercados and mother’s pushing strollers Mothers pushing strollers down streets Named for a citrus past Schools in a city named for a rancho A rancho owned by Dalton a man who sided With the Mexicans during the Mexican American War Mexican American War What remains today is a romanticized history But what was erased is the fact that the San Gabriel Valley is indigenous land Indigenous land There are spirits that still echo through these canyons These canyons These mountains I breath the crisp morning air A tardy bell rings As I watch students make their way Finding a way Wondering why they are here after traveling Canyon City Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3 192 Many roads Many roads lead to a classroom They enter holding back a rumble in their bellies Too many painful nights Painful nights They don’t want to remember Nights full of stars they can’t even see the magic They are made of Because in the morning They sit where it has been erased, degraded, left out of The curriculum The curriculum the other teachers say it’s too advanced Too much Too real Too challenging Because it sounds too much like the truth They call it un-American They tell me Sanchez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3 193 You get stopped around here for looking suspicious For looking like you don’t belong Belong where?
    keywords: american; journal ©
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        item: #181 of 324
          id: amae-314
      author: Sedillo, Matt
       title: Pilgrim
        date: 2018.0
       words: 697
      flesch: 61
     summary: http://amaejournal.utsa.edu ISSN: 2377-9187 Volume 12 Issue 3 2018 AMAE Special Issue Latinx Education Policy and Resistance in the Trump Era Guest Editors Patricia D. López, California State University, Fresno William Pérez, Loyola Marymount University Editors Patricia Sánchez The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ Cedillo Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3 195 Pilgrim By Matt Sedillo See some were born to summer homes And palatial groves Where pain was only to ever unfold From the pages of Secret Gardens Where the Red Fern Grows But not I See I come from the stock Of starry-eyed astronauts Who greet the night sky With big dreams and wide eyes the river Post Mendez vs Westminster One generation removed From the redlines And diplomas that were signed That those dreams https://doi.org/10.24974/amae.12.3.413 Pilgrim Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3 196 In that skin Need not apply
    keywords: american educators; journal ©; mexican american; volume
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        item: #182 of 324
          id: amae-315
      author: Fallas Escobar, Christian
       title: Teacher Leadership for Social Change in Bilingual and Bicultural Education Palmer, D. (2018). Bristol, UK: Multilingual Matters. 198 pp. ISBN-13: 978-1-78892-142-8
        date: 2018.0
       words: 3000
      flesch: 41
     summary: Palmer’s three-part model for bilingual teacher leadership for social change becomes of utmost importance for Latinx educators facing anti-immigrant and anti-diversity discourses and narratives deep-rooted in the present Trump administration. As Palmer explains, the Proyecto Maestría provided a context, a laboratory, and a platform to explore the transformation from bilingual education teachers to leaders and its connection to the teachers’ cultural and linguistic identities, their expanding professional networks and embracing of identities as advocates for students and families marginalized by the school system.
    keywords: advocacy; education; educators; journal; leadership; palmer; teachers
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        item: #183 of 324
          id: amae-32
      author: Lesser, Larry
       title: Denominator
        date: 2009.0
       words: 2
      flesch: 120
     summary: pg60 pg61
    keywords: pg60
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        item: #184 of 324
          id: amae-33
      author: Jimenez-Castellanos, Oscar
       title: The Power of Parents: A Critical Perspective of Bicultural Parent Involvement in Public Schools by Edward M. Olivos
        date: 2009.0
       words: 3
      flesch: 119
     summary: pg62 pg63 pg64
    keywords: pg62
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        item: #185 of 324
          id: amae-331
      author: Martinez Negrette, Giselle
       title: Immigration Patterns and History of Mexican-origin Latin@s in the Midwest: Educational Implications and Future Considerations
        date: 2020.0
       words: 8242
      flesch: 53
     summary: As a result, Chicago became known as the “Midwest Mexican capital” (Acuña, 1988). The Southwest-Midwest Mexican American migration flows,1985- 1990.
    keywords: american; educators; history; immigration; journal; latin@s; latino; mexican; michigan; midwest; new; origin; population; research; states; united
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        item: #186 of 324
          id: amae-332
      author: Felix, Eric R. 
       title: Using State-Equity Reform to Improve Latinx Student Transfer
        date: 2020.0
       words: 10301
      flesch: 45
     summary: If increases in baccalaureate recipients motivate state completion goals, then the improvement of Latinx student transfer from community college to bachelor’s degree- granting institutions is critical. When examining the number of activities proposed and the funding allocated, we see an even smaller fiscal emphasis on transfer in general, and addressing Latinx transfer equity specifically.
    keywords: activities; address; american; california; campus; college; community; equity; journal; latinx; latinx students; latinx transfer; plans; policy; state; students; transfer
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        item: #187 of 324
          id: amae-334
      author: Jaime-Diaz, Jesus
       title: Racialized Social Class Pedagogical Praxis: Critical Compassion, Cariño, Respeto and Confianza
        date: 2020.0
       words: 8231
      flesch: 50
     summary: Critical pedagogy and teacher education: Radicalizing prospective teachers. Critical race theory and the whiteness of teacher education.
    keywords: amae; american; association; class; education; educators; issue; mexican; negrete; schooling; students; teachers; teaching; volume; ways
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        item: #188 of 324
          id: amae-352
      author: Romo, Laura F. ; Hurtado, Aída 
       title: Mexican Immigrant Mother-Daughter Conversations: Sexual Delay as a Path to Educational Achievement
        date: 2020.0
       words: 9648
      flesch: 49
     summary: Consejos given by Mexican immigrant mothers may increase their daughters’ aspirations to succeed in school and serve to support their efforts, not only having an impact on academic outcomes but also on health decisions involving sexual engagement. That is, Mexican immigrant mothers are key in influencing their adolescent daughters’ decision-making about sexual activity, reinforcing the daughters’ optimism about their future goals, and giving their daughters the confidence they need to achieve their goals.
    keywords: adolescents; amae; american; association; conversations; daughters; educational; educators; hurtado; immigrant; journal; mexican; mothers; relationship; school; sex; study
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        item: #189 of 324
          id: amae-355
      author: Aguilar-Hernández, José M. ; Cruz, Cindy
       title: Grounding Emerging Scholarship on Queer/Trans* Chicana/o/x and Latina/o/x Pedagogies 
        date: 2020.0
       words: 7227
      flesch: 47
     summary: Further, queer pedagogy values queer students’ experiences and knowledges as contestation to heteronormativity. However, as Aguilar-Hernández (2020) finds, the challenge of queer pedagogy is its “limitation of…its primary focus on sexuality, leaving Queer of Color perspectives and knowledges on the margins” (p. 5).
    keywords: american; association; chicana; color; education; educators; issue; journal; latina; mexican; pedagogies; pedagogy; queer; trans; women; writing
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        item: #190 of 324
          id: amae-357
      author: Salas-SantaCruz, Omi S. 
       title: Terca, pero no pendeja: Terquedad as Theory and Praxis of Transformative Gestures in Higher Education
        date: 2020.0
       words: 8106
      flesch: 55
     summary: One that requires Quiahuitl to act professional and not act as if she was part of a gang if she wants to be more than an object of knowledge.10 Quiahuitl understands her terquedad as a performance that produces a social space of resistance and survival among those who join her in reading her terquedad through a different frame of intelligibility. ”8 Quiahuitl explains how this embodied memory, the inner impulse of terquedad, makes her latch onto things, leaving marks, even if what she is holding onto is taken away, a taking that is momentary 8
    keywords: amae; american; anzaldúa; association; body; educators; issue; journal; mexican; quiahuitl; resistance; terca; terquedad; volume
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        item: #191 of 324
          id: amae-358
      author: Lizárraga, José Ramón ; Cortez, Arturo
       title: Cyborg Jotería Pedagogies: Latinx Drag Queens Leveraging Communication Ecologies in the Age of the Digital and Social Displacement
        date: 2020.0
       words: 8101
      flesch: 49
     summary: Through her unabashed queer performance across the digital and face- to-face stage, she ushers her young learners to imagine a queered social organization of learning in her classrooms where the encapsulation of formal and informal learning spaces (Engeström, 1991) and teacher/student hierarchies are ruptured, mediated by playful queer practices such as “throwing shade.” Social theory and digital media practice.
    keywords: amae; american; cyborg; digital; drag; educators; issue; jotería; journal; learning; mexican; pedagogies; persia; practices; queer; reina; social
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        item: #192 of 324
          id: amae-360
      author: Duran, Antonio; Orozco, Roberto C.; Gonzalez, Sergio A. 
       title: Imagining the Future of Jotería Studies as a Framework in the Field of Higher Education
        date: 2020.0
       words: 7888
      flesch: 41
     summary: The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal http://amaejournal.utsa.edu ISSN: 2377-9187 http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ Duran, Orozco, & Gonzalez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2020, Volume 14, Issue 2 Imagining the Future of Jotería Studies as a Framework in the Field of Higher Education Antonio Duran, Ph.D. Auburn University Roberto C. Orozco Rutgers University–New Brunswick Sergio A. Gonzalez Claremont Graduate University To center ways of being and knowing rooted in queer Latinx/a/o experiences, this manuscript argues that educators, scholars, and practitioners interested in the study of higher education should mobilize Jotería Studies as a framework.
    keywords: college; color; duran; education; educators; experiences; individuals; jotería; jotería studies; journal; queer; queer latinx; research; students; studies
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        item: #193 of 324
          id: amae-362
      author: Vázquez, Andrea Del Carmen
       title: Joaquin’s Refusal: An Embodied and Geographic Active Subjectivity
        date: 2020.0
       words: 6803
      flesch: 56
     summary: In this sense, the multiple readings of what the restroom can mean for queer youth is important in seeing the world and learning to think differently and reflexively. In this sense, the knowledge that stems from the body’s journey to different terrains makes its way to their active subjectivity, refusing the story Villa High wants to tell about queer youth.
    keywords: body; joaquin; journal; lugones; mexican; queer; refusal; school; sense; space; students; trans; youth
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        item: #194 of 324
          id: amae-364
      author: Caraves, Jack 
       title: Centering the “T”: Envisioning a Trans Jotería Pedagogy
        date: 2020.0
       words: 7114
      flesch: 58
     summary: Then the author looks to the foundational work of Chicana/Latina Feminist pedagogies and transpedagogies to envision a trans jotería pedagogy that centers trans migrants—and trans women and people of color—that is grounded in disruption and vulnerability through the unsettling of borders and binaries tied to systems of power. Trans jotería pedagogy is uniquely situated to disrupt a cis-heteronormative, white supremacist, patriarchal system.
    keywords: amae; american; association; body; educators; gender; issue; jotería; journal; mexican; pedagogy; students; trans; volume
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        item: #195 of 324
          id: amae-365
      author: Diaz-Kozlowski, Tanya
       title: The Power of Testimonio Pedagogy: Teaching Chicana Lesbian Fiction in a Chicana Feminisms Course at a Predominantly White Institution in the Midwest 
        date: 2020.0
       words: 9095
      flesch: 58
     summary: Mignolo’s scholarship in conversation with Chicana/Latina feminist pedagogies have helped me recognize the significance of using testimonio pedagogy to teach Chicana lesbian fiction in a Chicana Feminisms course at a predominantly white institution (PWI) in the Midwest. Using testimonio pedagogy to theorize the significance of my students becoming pensadores teaching Chicana lesbian fiction in a Chicana Feminisms course demonstrates queer modes of disruption with Chicana/Latina feminist pedagogies is the insistence that the everyday experiences of survival, resistance, compliance, and dis/identification must count as knowledge.
    keywords: amae; american; chicana; educators; feminist; issue; journal; lesbian; mexican; pedagogy; pensadores; power; press; pérez; students; testimonio; university; volume; women
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        item: #196 of 324
          id: amae-368
      author: Alarcón, Wanda 
       title: Reading and Remembering Butch-Femme Worlds 
        date: 2020.0
       words: 9915
      flesch: 63
     summary: We can see in this pointed statement the “race trouble” E. Patrick Johnson speaks of in proposing “quare studies” to accommodate “racialized sexual knowledge” as part of a bigger project on Black queer studies and why the emergence of a “queer of color critique” is necessary (Johnson, 2001, p. 1).6 that was almost lost—which they posted on YouTube not too long ago— but our loss of Margo and their work in future queer women of color film is felt too now.10 10 Margo Rivera-Weiss (2005) made several films through the Queer Women of Color Media Arts Project (https://qwocmap.org) based in San Francisco, CA.
    keywords: amae; american; association; butch; class; color; educators; femme; issue; journal; lesbian; mexican; press; queer; students; studies; syllabus; volume; women; worlds
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        item: #197 of 324
          id: amae-37
      author: Ochoa, Alberto; Pearl, Art
       title: Understanding Resource: Maldistribution and Acting on Inequality of Resources
        date: 2010.0
       words: 5219
      flesch: 51
     summary: In the case of Latino students, a large majority of students are placed in compensatory programs that are guided by a cognitively undemanding curriculum. Across the country, $908 less per student is spent on students in the districts educating the most students of color, as compared to the districts educating the fewest” (Education Trust, 2009).
    keywords: american; classroom; defi; education; maldistribution; new; quality; resource; school; students; teacher; time
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        item: #198 of 324
          id: amae-373
      author: Mutakabbir, Yoruba T. 
       title: Latinx Students’ Knowledge of and Inclination to Attend Public HBCUs
        date: 2020.0
       words: 9447
      flesch: 49
     summary: Since Latinx students are overrepresented (Ma & Baum, 2016; Baylor, 2016) among community college students, this study is including community college students, in addition to high school students, as participants. As more predominately White institutions admitted Black students, HBCUs no longer enrolled the lion’s share of Black college students.
    keywords: amae; american; association; college; community; education; educators; hbcus; journal; latinx; latinx students; mexican; participants; school; southern; students; texas; university
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        item: #199 of 324
          id: amae-374
      author: Henderson , Violet
       title: Southwest Borderland Voices and Stories: Community Cultural Wealth as Living Literacies
        date: 2020.0
       words: 11515
      flesch: 59
     summary: Through the frameworks of New Literacy Studies (NLS) and family literacy within the context of the Southwest Borderlands, and employing the tool of counternarratives through a Latino Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) lens, this study provides a platform for validating and affirming the voices, stories, experiences, and knowledges of the research participants. Many researchers in family literacy (Auerbach, 1989; Compton-Lily, 2009; Delgado- Gaitan, 1996; González, 2001; Reyes & Torres, 2007; Valdés, 1996) assert that children bring a multiplicity of language and literacy practices from home that are valid and as equally important as those from the dominant mainstream culture.
    keywords: amae; american; association; borderland; capital; community; educators; issue; jenny; journal; language; literacies; literacy; mexican; participants; school; southwest; stories; volume; wealth
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        item: #200 of 324
          id: amae-375
      author: Balderrama, Sandra
       title: Cultural Foundations and Interventions in Latino/a Mental Health: History, Theory, and Within-Group Differences. Hector Y. Adames, & Nayeli Y. Chavez-Dueñas. (2016). Routledge. 
        date: 2020.0
       words: 920
      flesch: 52
     summary: The intended audience for the book is professionals in the mental health field as well as educators who wants to learn more about effective Latinx mental health practices. Consisting of reflections written by mental health professionals on how this book has affected their mental health practices; this last part gives readers a glimpse of how it can help them in their practices.
    keywords: book; health; latinx
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        item: #201 of 324
          id: amae-376
      author: Ortega, Erika
       title: Educating emergent bilinguals: Policies, programs, and practices for English learners. Garcia, Ofelia and Kleifgen, Jo Anne (Eds.). Teachers College Columbia University Press. 
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1204
      flesch: 33
     summary: In this regard, Garcia and Kleifgen (2018) argue that “rigid adherence to one language or another without regard to students’ practices and how they make meaning contradicts research findings” (p. 75), and emergent bilinguals continue to be assessed with instruments that disconnect academic language and content that do not align with language practices (Chapter 9). This book’s targeted audience is educators, policymakers, parents, and anyone in language education.
    keywords: emergent; language; practices; students
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        item: #202 of 324
          id: amae-38
      author: Jimenez-Castellanos, Oscar
       title: School Finance and English Language Learners: A Legislative Perspective
        date: 2010.0
       words: 5440
      flesch: 53
     summary: After passing AB 1329, California Assembly Bill 65 (1977) attempted to equalize California school fi nance and fund school programs for English Language Learners. Most scholarly articles related to California school fi nance and English Language Learners focus on court cases (i.e. Serrano v. Priest ; Rodriguez v. LAUSD ), propositions (i.e. Prop. 13 ; Prop. 98 ) and/or budget revenue/expenditure analysis (i.e. local property taxes and fees; state general purpose revenue).
    keywords: act; bilingual; california; education; ells; english; funds; language; learners; school; state
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        item: #203 of 324
          id: amae-387
      author: Allen, Taryn Ozuna; Lu, Charles; Calderón Galdeano, Emily
       title: Introduction
        date: 2020.0
       words: 1800
      flesch: 32
     summary: As such, the number of Latinx students participating in American colleges and universities has also increased (Medina & Posadas, 2012). Between 2000 and 2018, college enrollment rates for Latinx students increased 14 percentage points, the most of all groups, from 22 percent to 36 percent (U.S. Department of Education, 2020).
    keywords: american; education; hispanic; institutions; latinx; msis; students
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        item: #204 of 324
          id: amae-388
      author: García, Gina Ann; Zaragoza, Marialexia
       title: Students’ Perceptions of Diversity at Two Hispanic-Serving Institutions Through Pictures: A Focus on Structures for Serving
        date: 2020.0
       words: 7025
      flesch: 49
     summary: Art, including murals and sculptures, that are Students’ Perceptions of Diversity Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3 26 centered on students’ racial, cultural, and linguistic ways of knowing and being can be powerful. Students’ Perceptions of Diversity Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3 22 Figure 5 Free samples in the health center For Carmen, having spaces on campus that provide basic essentials for students is one way to serve diverse students on campus, and particularly low-income students, which is important for HSIs that enroll students who come from various circumstances.
    keywords: american; art; campus; diversity; education; educators; hispanic; hsis; institutions; journal; mexican; people; students
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        item: #205 of 324
          id: amae-39
      author: Espinosa, Ruben
       title: Revisiting Rodriguez v. Los Angeles Unified School District: A Case of Intra-district Inequities
        date: 2010.0
       words: 4725
      flesch: 53
     summary: Third, no major studies were found in the literature that was related to the parents’ concerns on school fi nance resources and facilities to inform the methodology. Academic researchers and school districts have yet to develop and examine current intra-district frameworks and models for effectively implementing and monitoring equality of resources.
    keywords: american; consent; decree; district; lausd; mexican; resources; schools; students
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        item: #206 of 324
          id: amae-391
      author: Ibarra, Anahi
       title: On Diversity, Equity and Inclusion
        date: 2020.0
       words: 416
      flesch: 58
     summary: The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Managing Editor Christian Fallas-Escobar The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal http://amaejournal.utsa.edu ISSN: 2377-9187 Ibarra Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3 140 On Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Anahi Ibarra University of California, San Diego Put me on the front cover of a school pamphlet, just so you can claim diversity and brag about how you have it. Volume 14 Issue 3 2020 AMAE Special Issue Latinx Students at Minority-Serving Institutions Guest Editors Taryn Ozuna Allen Texas Christian University Charles Lu University of California, San Diego Emily Calderón Galdeano Elevate Consulting Group Editors Patricia Sánchez
    keywords: san; university
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        item: #207 of 324
          id: amae-399
      author: Barrera, Magdalena L.
       title: “I Love How We Developed a Community Already”: A Graduate Student Orientation Model for Minority-Serving Programs and Institutions
        date: 2020.0
       words: 5460
      flesch: 48
     summary: Drawing from framing theory, socialization theory, and the scholarship of social support, Mears et al (2015) argue for the importance of graduate student orientations. Exemplary departments enculturate graduate students by fostering collegiality within the cohort, encouraging professional relationships between new students and faculty, and clarifying program structure and faculty expectations for incoming students (Boyle & Boice, 1998, p. 87).
    keywords: amae; american; association; community; education; graduate; journal; latinx; orientation; program; students; volume
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        item: #208 of 324
          id: amae-4
      author: Romandia, Mona
       title: Case Studies of Minority Students in a Transitional Bilingual Education Program
        date: 2007.0
       words: 3182
      flesch: 56
     summary: The growing number of both main stream and language minority students required the district to make changes in the housing and educational program for the students. We spent time discussing the first graders progress in my class and the strengths and weaknesses bilingual students demonstrated entering the second grade.
    keywords: bilingual; english; grade; language; school; students
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        item: #209 of 324
          id: amae-40
      author: Pour-Khorshid, Farima
       title: H.E.L.L.A.: Collective Testimonio that Speak to the Healing, Empowerment, Love, Liberation, and Action Embodied by Social Justice Educators of Color
        date: 2016.0
       words: 7534
      flesch: 56
     summary: Mandated forms of teacher professional development is often shaped by state standards and reforms in which hegemony is implicit in their resulting professional standards, as well as teaching and learning conditions. We hope to allow readers to also travel with us as you engage in deep, reflective, and powerful storytelling that bridges our lived experiences to theory, love, healing, and transformative praxis in teacher professional development.
    keywords: american; capital; color; education; educators; issue; journal; justice; love; mexican; school; social; teachers; testimonio
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        item: #210 of 324
          id: amae-400
      author: Grafnetterova, Nikola; Gutierrez, Jocelyn A.; Banda, Rosa M. 
       title: Entrando en el juego: The Role of Hispanic-Serving Institutions in Fostering Educational and Athletic Outcomes for Latinx Athletes
        date: 2020.0
       words: 7280
      flesch: 38
     summary: Yet, little is known about the role intercollegiate athletics play in fostering educational outcomes for Latinx students at HSIs. Consequently, even at HSIs, the deficit framing of Latinx students has created many obstacles for them in higher education.
    keywords: american; association; athletes; athletic; conference; d1s; education; hsi; hsis; institutions; journal; latinx; ncaa; rates; student; university
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        item: #211 of 324
          id: amae-401
      author: Romero, Devan R. ; Gonzalez, Minerva ; Clark-Ibanez, Marisol; D’Anna-Hernandez, Kimberly 
       title: A Culturally Validated Model of Student Success Services and Academic and Curriculum Enhancements at a Hispanic-Serving Institution
        date: 2020.0
       words: 7185
      flesch: 39
     summary: Latinx PASO students completing the culturally validated GEW courses, had significantly higher course pass rates (M=86.6, SD=2.82, N=7) compared to Latinx students (M=79.9, SD=1.78, N=7) in non-validated GEW courses, t(12) = 5.33, p < .001. Keywords: Latinx, First-Year Programs, Retention, Higher Education, Validation Theory DOI: https://doi.org/10.24974/amae.14.3.401 https://doi.org/10.24974/amae.14.3.401 Romero, Gonzalez, Clark-Ibanez & D’Anna-Hernandez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3 85 Background Rates of college enrollment have increased over the last 20 years for all groups, with Latinx students showing one of the largest increases (22% to 36%); however, they are still one the minority groups with lowest enrollment overall (i.e. 59% Asian, 42% White, 37% Black and 36% Latinx, 24% Native American) (National Center for Education Statistics, 2019).
    keywords: academic; amae; american; college; courses; curriculum; education; journal; latinx; mexican; paso; program; students; success; university; validation
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        item: #212 of 324
          id: amae-405
      author: Alcantar, Cynthia Maribel; Rincón, Blanca E.; Espinoza, Kristine Jan
       title: In a State of Becoming: How Institutions Communicate Asian American and Pacific Islander- and Latinx-Servingness Through Campus Artifacts
        date: 2020.0
       words: 5809
      flesch: 38
     summary: Abstract This study examines the ways campus artifacts communicate Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI)- and Latinx-servingness at dually designated Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-Serving Institutions (AANAPISIs) and Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs). This study has implications for understanding how AANAPISI-HSIs communicate AAPI- and Latinx-servingness through campus artifacts.
    keywords: american; artifacts; campus; campus artifacts; diversity; equity; institutions; latinx; servingness; students
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        item: #213 of 324
          id: amae-406
      author: Enriquez, Jesse
       title: Latinx/a/os in Higher Education: Exploring Identity, Pathways, and Success 
        date: 2020.0
       words: 2227
      flesch: 37
     summary: According to the authors, Latinx students enroll in the community colleges in record numbers in part because they are an affordable option and are located in close proximity to their families. Paperback: ISBN: 978-0-931654-74-9 Jesse Enriquez University of California, San Diego Latinx/a/os in Higher Education: Exploring Identity, Pathways, and Success explores topics that are central to the experiences of Latinx/a/o students and professionals in higher education.
    keywords: chapter; education; faculty; latinx; students
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        item: #214 of 324
          id: amae-407
      author: Carales, Vincent D. ; Molina, Mauricio; Hooker, Jr., Darrell L. 
       title: “Without them I couldn't pay for my education, so here I am": Latinx college graduates’ experiences with and perceptions of their student loan debt
        date: 2020.0
       words: 6187
      flesch: 48
     summary: Keywords: Latinx students, HSI, student loan debt, borrowing perceptions, financial literacy DOI: https://doi.org/10.24974/amae.14.3.407 https://doi.org/10.24974/amae.14.3.407 Carales, Molina & Hooker Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3 31 Introduction Student debt has been reported as a major economic crisis, mainly driven by negative media reports (Baum, 2016). Due to this increased reliance on loans, understanding how students decide about acquiring student loan debt to pay for college is critical (Boatman et al., 2017; Zerquera et al., 2017).
    keywords: american; borrowing; college; debt; education; journal; latinx; loans; participants; research; student; study
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        item: #215 of 324
          id: amae-408
      author: Romo, Laura F. ; Magana, Diana; Gutierrez-Serrano, Gabriela
       title: Factors Influencing Optimism for Degree Attainment in Latino First-Generation College Students 
        date: 2020.0
       words: 4863
      flesch: 42
     summary: Journal © 2020, Volume 14, Issue 3 124 Positive relationships and interactions with parents may also be a factor contributing to optimism in Latino college students. The present study explored factors that contribute to optimism for degree attainment among Latino college students who are the first in their families to attend college.
    keywords: attainment; college; degree; education; generation; journal; latino; optimism; students
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        item: #216 of 324
          id: amae-41
      author: Rolle, Anthony; Torres, Mario; Eason, Noelle
       title: Los Elefantes Rosas en las Cúpulas en la Legislatura: An Empirical Analysis of the Texas Education Finance Mechanism with Special Emphasis on Bilingual Education
        date: 2010.0
       words: 5292
      flesch: 43
     summary: Multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to examine operationalized variables and effi cacy relationships for Texas school districts during the 1994 to 2007 academic years. These analytical methods improve on previous equity analyses of Texas school districts in three important ways: • Using a longitudinal approach analyses allow trends to develop and be assessed over time recognizing that educational change is both continuous and incremental; and does not assume that cross sectional data analyses provide suffi cient policy explanations.
    keywords: american; court; districts; edgewood; funding; school; state; student; system; texas
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        item: #217 of 324
          id: amae-414
      author: Gutierrez Keeton, Rebecca; Benavides López, Corina; Aguilar-Hernández, José M. 
       title: “It Shaped Who I Am”: Reframing Identities for Justice Through Student Activism
        date: 2021.0
       words: 10405
      flesch: 41
     summary: The literature on student activism and identity development highlights the many ways students are impacted developmentally by their positive and negative socio-political and cultural experiences in higher education. Student activism in higher education involves protests and also includes other forms of civic engagement and community service, all of which result in short- and long-term positive outcomes, such as deeper cognitive and political It Shaped Who I Am Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE)
    keywords: activism; activists; american; association; chicana; cpp; development; education; identities; identity; journal; justice; latina; mexican; participants; social; student
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        item: #218 of 324
          id: amae-416
      author: Alanís, Iliana; Cataldo, Raquel
       title: “Want to hear my story?” Developing Latino children’s written narratives through culturally relevant family photographs
        date: 2021.0
       words: 11172
      flesch: 55
     summary: Children language and literacy. [NELP] (2008) and the National Association for the Education of Young Children [NAEYC] (2009, 2019) indicates high-quality early learning experiences for children are factors that lead to future academic success.
    keywords: amae; american; association; children; development; educators; emergent; family; journal; language; learning; literacy; mexican; narratives; skills; stories; story; study; use; writing
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        item: #219 of 324
          id: amae-418
      author: Ramirez, Michael ; Marquez, Amanda
       title: Latinx Authorship and Representation in Digital Spaces: Wikipedia as a Tool to Decolonize the HSI Classroom
        date: 2021.0
       words: 13274
      flesch: 44
     summary: To what extent does a Wikipedia editing assignment influence how Latinx students think about the college classroom and their roles as students? Adopting a decolonial approach in classroom practice can enable Latinx students to center their experiences and validate their cultures, which has been long ignored in scholarship and the college classroom in general (Cuadraz, 2005; R. Garcia, 2018; García-Louis, 2019).
    keywords: amae; american; assignment; association; classroom; college; digital; education; educators; journal; knowledge; latinx; learning; mexican; public; research; students; wikipedia; work; writing
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        item: #220 of 324
          id: amae-419
      author: Mendoza Aviña, Sylvia ; Saldaña, Lilliana Patricia 
       title: Introduction
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1941
      flesch: 31
     summary: While there is growing scholarship on the movements for Mexican American Studies (MAS) in schools focusing on California and Arizona, less attention has been paid to the organizing done in Texas. Through their scholarship, they offer what approaches they have used to sustain and build Mexican American Studies at their respective institutions and in educational spaces.
    keywords: american; issue; mas; mexican; studies; texas
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        item: #221 of 324
          id: amae-42
      author: Barnett, Joshua; Jensen, Nathan; Ritter, Gary
       title: Dollars for Sense: Assessing Achievement Gaps in Arkansas in the Context of Substantial Funding Increases
        date: 2010.0
       words: 4753
      flesch: 58
     summary: The fi gures refl ect the change in achievement levels from the fi rst available testing period prior to the increase in targeted fi nancial resources to levels of student achievement fi ve years after the infusion of resources. For example, Arkansas students took the Stanford Achievement Test, Ninth Edition (SAT-9) prior to 2003, took the Iowa Test of Basic Skills until 2008, and students from 2008 until the next change will take the Stanford Achievement Test, Tenth Edition (SAT-10).
    keywords: achievement; arkansas; gap; grade; hispanic; performance; state; students; white
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        item: #222 of 324
          id: amae-421
      author: Saldaña, Lilliana Patricia 
       title: The Struggle for Mexican American Studies in Texas K-12 Public Schools: A Movement for Epistemic Justice through Creation/Resistance
        date: 2021.0
       words: 9771
      flesch: 46
     summary: Mounting evidence showed that MAS courses contributed to students’ academic achievement, even in non-MAS courses (Cabrera et al, 2014). ● The NACCS Tejas Foco MAS Pre-K-12 Committee drafted a resolution to encourage school districts to commit resources necessary to implement MAS courses.
    keywords: american; association; course; educators; epistemic; journal; justice; k-12; mas; mexican; mexican american; movement; sboe; schools; state; studies; teachers; texas
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        item: #223 of 324
          id: amae-422
      author: De La Trinidad, Maritza; Alvarez, Stephanie; Esquierdo, Joy; Guajardo, Francisco
       title: Historias Americanas: Implementing Mexican American Studies in K-12 Social Studies Curriculum in the Rio Grande Valley
        date: 2021.0
       words: 11171
      flesch: 43
     summary: Learning digital storytelling has equipped Historias Americanas teachers with a professional development process that, in the words of one teacher, “has transformed the way I see my personal story and the way I approach my teaching” (Lucy, post survey, summer 2020 institute). The proposal called for a program to engage selected local public- school districts in a professional development process for social studies and history teachers to De La Trinidad, Alvarez, Esquierdo & Guajardo Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE)
    keywords: american; association; content; development; education; educators; guajardo; historias; history; journal; learning; mexican; mexican american; place; program; rio; social; students; studies; teachers; texas
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        item: #224 of 324
          id: amae-423
      author: Puente, Josué ; Alvarez, Stephanie
       title: Texas Resistance: Mexican American Studies and the Fight Against Whiteness and White Supremacy in K-12 at the Turn of the 21st Century
        date: 2021.0
       words: 8792
      flesch: 43
     summary: UTSA Mexican American Studies program decides to create workshops for MAS teachers (Founded by Marie “Keta” Miranda) • 2013 Fall: The Rio Grande Valley Coalition for Mexican American Studies formed by faculty at South Texas College, UT Brownsville, and UT Pan American • 2013: Like many teachers in the United States, Texas teachers are often overworked and underpaid which in turn means volunteering and self-funding their participation in workshops like these which is very difficult.
    keywords: american; american studies; association; community; content; course; educators; history; mas; mexican; mexican american; sstarc; students; studies; teachers; texas
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        item: #225 of 324
          id: amae-424
      author: García, Nicolas; Gonzales, Anthony
       title: Cinco Dedos: A Mexican American Studies Framework
        date: 2021.0
       words: 6584
      flesch: 48
     summary: The Cinco Dedos framework calls for Mexican American Studies students to be given the opportunity to do the same and to use their voice to empower the community. Mexican American students have long been denied the stories and lessons regarding Jovita Idar, Carmelita Torres, Rodolfo “Corky” Gonzales, Ruben Salazar and countless other Mexican American heroes that committed themselves to the idea that Mexican Americans should be treated with dignity and respect.
    keywords: amae; american; american studies; association; chicanx; educators; framework; journal; mas; mexican; mexican american; movement; school; students; studies; texas
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        item: #226 of 324
          id: amae-425
      author: Rivas, Elizabeth D. 
       title: Where Were the Mexicans? The Story is a Conversation
        date: 2021.0
       words: 6791
      flesch: 52
     summary: Abstract This essay explores the institutionalized master narrative of public institutions and how the mandated policies enacted by public institutions impact social studies teachers when they are delivering instruction to their students. I began to think of questions like, “Are social studies teachers aware that they are perpetuating the master narrative?
    keywords: amae; american; educators; harlandale; history; issue; journal; mas; mexican; students; studies; teachers
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        item: #227 of 324
          id: amae-426
      author: Proffitt, Alexa M. ; Alderete, Antonia ; Villa, Megan ; Villarreal, Violetta 
       title: The Future of Middle Level Education–Chicana Maestras and Vignettes
        date: 2021.0
       words: 8001
      flesch: 40
     summary: The research that is presented here is focused specifically on: What happens when three maestras write vignettes (teaching cases) that embody connections between anticolonial perspectives and middle level clinical teaching? Journal © 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2 126 three maestras write vignettes that embody connections between anticolonial perspectives and middle level clinical teaching.
    keywords: anticolonial; chicana; education; educators; experiences; level; middle; research; teaching; work
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        item: #228 of 324
          id: amae-429
      author: Martínez-Suárez, Alpha
       title: The Undocumented Americans
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1137
      flesch: 42
     summary: Without romanticizing the stories or looking to softening those portraits, Cornejo Villavicencio serves a powerful and compelling narrative that strives to bring the reader into the unflinching shortcomings of a deficient—to say the least—immigration system while counteracting the otherizing nativist and xenophobic discourses of undocumented immigrants that are so pervasive and still so currently damaging to the lives of many, given the longstanding racist and anti-immigrant political and cultural climate in the United States. Ultimately, this particular situation brings another unique set of challenges undocumented families and individuals must face given the precarious working Martínez-Suárez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2021, Volume 15, Issue 2 150 conditions and the fragility of their economic power since they largely are dependent of the products of their manual labor.
    keywords: antonio; cornejo; san antonio; texas
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        item: #229 of 324
          id: amae-43
      author: Pérez, Manuel Alejandro
       title: Receta del Testimonio Mole: A Value-Rich Recipe for Folklórico Resilience Testimonio
        date: 2016.0
       words: 10184
      flesch: 69
     summary: The testimonios of each of the hermanas were collected in multiple ways: in-person meetings, one-on-one meetings, virtual video meetings as a group, and via independent email submissions of testimonio stories. Pérez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2016, Vol 10, Issue 2, ISSN 2377-9187 | 34 This article highlights folklórico resilience testimonios as a value-rich process, which I cariñosamente refer to as “la receta del testimonio mole.”
    keywords: amae; american; association; dance; educators; family; folklórico; hermanas; issn; issue; journal; mexican; people; testimonio; vol
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        item: #230 of 324
          id: amae-432
      author: Diaz, Marisol
       title: Developing a Critical Consciousness with Elementary Students as A Catalyst for Academic Success
        date: 2021.0
       words: 8729
      flesch: 54
     summary: Students were encouraged to observe other students’ plants and discuss possible reasons for the differences in growth. This includes Mexican students and students of Mexican backgrounds.
    keywords: amae; american; association; classroom; consciousness; education; educators; issue; journal; knowledge; mexican; pedagogy; research; school; students; success; teaching; volume
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        item: #231 of 324
          id: amae-435
      author: Przymus, Steve Daniel; Sparks, David ; Garcia, Sophia; Silveus, Allison ; Cartmill, Cassandra 
       title: From Imagined to In-Practice and Performed STEM Identities: Measuring the Impact of a Latina STEM Fellowship on the Educational Trajectories of Latina High School Students
        date: 2021.0
       words: 9973
      flesch: 42
     summary: We place identity and the power of imagination front and center in our study and through a multimodal systemic functional linguistics approach (Przymus et al., 2020), we analyze the experience of six Latina high school students and document all meaning-making textual interactions that moved these Latina STEM Fellowship (LSF) participants from imagined to in- practice and performed STEM identities. Furthermore, if their schools do not provide opportunities for STEM related communities of practice, tapping into STEM interests and nurturing Latina students’ imagined STEM identities may require in-practice, out-of-school STEM fellowship, that purposefully invites and supports young Latinas.
    keywords: amae; american; association; education; educators; identities; identity; journal; latina; lsf; mexican; participants; practice; school; science; stem; stem identities; students
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        item: #232 of 324
          id: amae-44
      author: Vasquez, Julian; Williams, Amy; Jez, Su Jin
       title: Inputs and Student Achievement: An Analysis of Latina/o-Serving Urban Elementary Schools
        date: 2010.0
       words: 5264
      flesch: 54
     summary: These fi ndings do highlight how nuanced educational policy should be and how diffi cult it is to measure the impact of school fi nance on student achievement in urban Latina/o majority schools. Neighborhood social capital, poor physical conditions, and school achievement.
    keywords: achievement; american; education; inputs; latina; reading; school; scores; student; student achievement; teacher; urban
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        item: #233 of 324
          id: amae-440
      author: Saldaña, René
       title: No tengo ni una sola memoria
        date: 2021.0
       words: 965
      flesch: 81
     summary: Saldaña Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2021, Volume 15, Issue I 145 El sueño americano— René Saldaña Texas Tech University Don’t it sound so much more beautiful than its English counterpart— The American Dream: predetermined: baseball, apple pie, Chevrolet? No tengo ni una sola memoria René Saldaña Texas Tech University (Canoga Park, CA) I don’t remember learning English.
    keywords: american; journal; saldaña
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        item: #234 of 324
          id: amae-441
      author: Ramos, Monica
       title: Border Thinking: Latinx Youth Decolonizing Citizenship
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1490
      flesch: 31
     summary: As the authors explain, Latinx youth in Spain face social discrimination and systematic negative labeling in schools and politics. Against this backdrop, Latinx youth recognize their biculturality, showing a deep understanding of Anzaldua’s notion of pensamiento fronterizo, even if these two countries do not spatially border one another.
    keywords: american; authors; identity; latinx; youth
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        item: #235 of 324
          id: amae-442
      author: De La Cruz, Terri
       title: Codeswitching in the classroom: Critical perspectives on teaching, learning, policy, and ideology
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1475
      flesch: 40
     summary: Finally, through their discussion on the vital role codeswitching plays within language policies and the classroom, the authors also hope to educate current and future bilingual teachers on the importance of codeswitching within their pedagogical approaches. This section underscores the importance and usefulness of codeswitching research to expand bilingual student education and encourage them to use their home language to elevate their learning experiences.
    keywords: codeswitching; educators; language; students
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        item: #236 of 324
          id: amae-443
      author: Navarro Martell, Melissa Arabel
       title: Learning and Teaching en Dos Idiomas: Critical Autoethnography, Translenguaje, y Rechazando English Learner 
        date: 2021.0
       words: 7783
      flesch: 55
     summary: Así que después de ir a la escuela 8 años en Tijuana, y el resto en San Diego y Los Ángeles, I am comfortable using my languages as I please, yet with slight fear of the “language police,” and even multilingual people reading this essay. They later explained five main components on this perspective summarized in Rosa and Flores (2017); estas incluyen: (a) las conaturalizaciones históricas y contemporáneas de raza y lengua como parte de la formación colonial de la modernidad; (b) percepciones de diferencias raciales y lingüísticas; (c) reglamentaciones de categorías raciales y lingüísticas; (d) intersecciones y ensamblajes raciales y lingüísticos; y (e) la impugnación de las formaciones de poder raciales y lingüísticas.
    keywords: amae; american; association; con; education; educators; english; flores; garcía; idiomas; issue; journal; language; los; mexican; que; rosa; school; spanish; students; teacher; translanguaging; volume
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        item: #237 of 324
          id: amae-444
      author: Salmerón, Cori; Batista-Morales, Nathaly ; Valenzuela, Angela 
       title: Translanguaging Pedagogy as an Enactment of Authentic Cariño and an Antidote to Subtractive Schooling 
        date: 2021.0
       words: 6226
      flesch: 48
     summary: Based on her observations and interactions, Valenzuela (1999) contends that schools subtract value from the cultural capital that Mexican American students bring to school in two significant Translanguaging Pedagogy Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) For example, in a literacy lesson, students might read in English and write in Welsh (Williams, 1994, as cited in Baker, 2011).
    keywords: american; caring; cariño; educators; journal; language; mexican; pedagogy; students; teachers; translanguaging; valenzuela
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        item: #238 of 324
          id: amae-445
      author: Muñoz-Muñoz, Eduardo 
       title: Where the Translingual Rubber Hits the Road: Ideological Frictions, Mixtificaciones y Potentialities in Bilingual Teacher Preparation Programs
        date: 2021.0
       words: 8341
      flesch: 43
     summary: Remodeling dual language programs: Teachers enact agency as critically conscious language policy makers. During this time of theory-to-practice transitions, bilingual teacher candidates may be subject to conflicting messages about a myriad of concepts (e.g., the nature of language, social justice orientations, the (un)orthodoxy of practices, etc.) which are to be made sense of in conjunction with their lived experiences.
    keywords: amae; american; association; bilingual; candidates; education; educators; friction; issue; journal; language; los; mexican; monoglossic; muñoz; practices; preparation; programs; que; space; teacher; translanguaging; volume
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        item: #239 of 324
          id: amae-446
      author: Ostorga, Alcione N. 
       title: Translingual Practices for the Development of Latinx Teacher Candidates: A Pedagogy for the Border
        date: 2021.0
       words: 6993
      flesch: 48
     summary: Beliefs about bilingualism, bilingual education, and dual language development of early childhood preservice teachers raised in a Prop 227 environment. Bilingual teacher education practices should emphasize the professional development of BTCs A Pedagogy for the Border Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE)
    keywords: amae; american; bilingual; btcs; course; development; education; educators; journal; language; learning; mexican; practices; spanish; students; teacher; translanguaging
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        item: #240 of 324
          id: amae-447
      author: Eller, Stephanie ; Nieto, David 
       title: Idiolect and Identity: Fourth Grade Students’ Translanguaging, Comprehension, and Self-Identity
        date: 2021.0
       words: 7481
      flesch: 51
     summary: When language use is strictly separated, it hinders not only the development of sociocultural competence and equitable practices in the classroom (Palmer et al., 2019), but also students’ self-identity as competent holistic bilingual individuals (Fitts, 2006). Idiolect and Identity Because language use is deeply intertwined with self-identity construction and performance (De Fina, 2016), translanguaging allows students to fully embrace their complex and sometimes contradictory identities (Norton, 1995) while empowering their identities as resourceful bilingual individuals who use their full linguistic repertoire for making meaning Idiolect and Identity Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE)
    keywords: aloud; bilingual; educators; emergent; english; garcía; identity; journal; language; spanish; students; text; translanguaging; use
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        item: #241 of 324
          id: amae-448
      author: Nuñez, Idalia ; García-Mateus, Suzanne 
       title: Ruptures of Possibility: Mexican Origin Mothers as Critical Border Pedagogues 
        date: 2021.0
       words: 6799
      flesch: 47
     summary: For the present study, we employed critical discourse analysis to explore why and how Mexican mothers raise bilingual children by examining how their experiences inform us about their powerful roles as critical translanguaging pedagogues. Ruptures of Possibility Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2021, Volume 15, Issue 3 114 Data Analysis We employed critical discourse analysis (Johnstone, 2008) to help us understand why and how Mexican mothers raise bilingual children by examining how their experiences inform us about their powerful roles as critical language, border, and cultural pedagogues.
    keywords: american; bilingual; border; children; education; educators; family; garcía; journal; language; mexican; mothers; practices; spanish; translanguaging
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        item: #242 of 324
          id: amae-45
      author: Ochoa, Laura
       title: Documenting the Undocumented: Testimonios as a Humanizing Pedagogy
        date: 2016.0
       words: 6333
      flesch: 74
     summary: In so doing, this study seeks to look beyond the broadly articulated claims about undocumented immigrants and shed light on what it really means to be unauthorized in America. Towards the endeavor, this article seeks to create a rich narrative of human survival and about the struggles and obstacles undocumented immigrants face within our broken immigration system.
    keywords: amae; american; immigrants; immigration; issue; journal; mexican; mexico; people; phoenix; vol
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        item: #243 of 324
          id: amae-450
      author: Ramírez, Pablo C. ; Garza Ayala, Armando 
       title: Centering Translanguaging in Teacher Education: Cultivando Nuevos Conocimientos de Translenguaje en la Educación de Docentes Bilingües
        date: 2021.0
       words: 2460
      flesch: 38
     summary: Studies associated with translanguaging pedagogy have shown that teachers who engage in translanguaging practices with their students improve flexible language proficiency and content learning (García & Kano, 2014; Li & Luo, 2017; Ramirez & Faltis, 2019). Beyond the traditional scope of translanguaging: Comparing translanguaging practices in Belgian multilingual and monolingual classroom contexts.
    keywords: education; garcía; issue; journal; language; practices; students; teacher; translanguaging
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        item: #244 of 324
          id: amae-451
      author: Armijo Romero, Minea 
       title: Bilingualism and Bilingual Education: Conceptos Fundamentales
        date: 2021.0
       words: 1766
      flesch: 42
     summary: The editors, Schwarzer, Petrón, and Larrotta ensure this book reflects not only the theory but also the ways languages are spoken and heard in 21st century bilingual classrooms and communities throughout the country by tejiendo el español y el inglés en contextos académicos. Hardcover &96.32 Minea Armijo Romero Universidad de Nuevo México Bilingualism and Bilingual Education: Conceptos Fundamentales has been an anticipated scholarly and practical support for pre-service teachers en el campo de la educación bilingüe.
    keywords: chapter; educators; journal; language; practices
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        item: #245 of 324
          id: amae-452
      author: Kenfield, Yuliana ; Xuncax Lazo , Maricela ; Solis , María José ; Ortega, Yecid ; Straits , Samibah ; Straits , Kee ; García, Joseph ; Moreyra Portilla , Ramiro 
       title: Trenzando Poetry
        date: 2021.0
       words: 6970
      flesch: 60
     summary: Estas reflexiones sucedieron de repente entre los poetas; por ejemplo, en el caso de Ramiro y Yuliana, se había escuchado en el pasado la palabra quechuañol para identificar lo que sucede cuando un hablante está usando el quechua trenzado con el español o viceversa. Yecid Ortega es mi nombre y tengo más de 20 años en el campo de la educación de lenguas en Colombia, USA y Canada.
    keywords: amae; american; american educators; association; como; con; educators; english; issue; journal; kenfield; las; lazo; los; mexican; mexican american; moreyra; ortega; poetry; portilla; que; quechua; solis; spanish; straits; trenzando; una; volume; xuncax
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        item: #246 of 324
          id: amae-455
      author: Lara, Gilberto 
       title: Testimonios of Latino Male Preservice Teachers as Models for Caring and Bilingualism
        date: 2022.0
       words: 8407
      flesch: 56
     summary: Review of the Literature Race and Culture Conscious Educators With regard to diversity, data from the 2017-2018 National Center for Education Statistics, Schools and Staffing Survey (SASS) reports a poignant news, a small change, a 5% increase in teachers of color for the last two decades where Latino teachers jumped from 6% to 9% but Black teachers decreased by a percentage point. Delgado Bernal (1998) cites cultural intuition as a researcher framework: Latino teachers use their cultural intuition composed of knowledge, life experiences and unique viewpoints; they create a pedagogical space that in turn values the knowledge, experiences, and viewpoints of their students.
    keywords: amae; american; association; caring; college; education; educators; journal; language; latino; male; mexican; raúl; school; students; teachers
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        item: #247 of 324
          id: amae-457
      author: Flores, Nelson
       title: (Re)Orienting Translanguaging in Bilingual Education
        date: 2022.0
       words: 2012
      flesch: 36
     summary: By engaging in the strategic use of language practices that have historically been associated with both English and Spanish, the articles in this special issue are doing the important foundational work of normalizing these language practices by taking the stance that they are not just legitimate in homes and communities but also in schools and academia. The teachers felt affirmed by the concept of translanguaging and were grateful to have a word to describe and affirm the types of language practices that they have regularly engaged in both in their classrooms and the broader community.
    keywords: bilingual; english; language; practices; university
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        item: #248 of 324
          id: amae-459
      author: Gonzalez, Martín Alberto 
       title: HorCHATa: A Counterstory about a Mexican-based Student Organization as a Counter-space at a Predominantly White University
        date: 2022.0
       words: 12337
      flesch: 63
     summary: Drawing on in-depth interviews, participant observations, pláticas, and document analysis, I document the educational experiences of 20 Mexican/Mexican American/Xicanx (MMAX) undergraduate students who participated in ¡Poder Xicanx!. Specifically, I argue that ¡Poder Xicanx!
    keywords: campus; counter; depth; education; experiences; home; horchata; interview; mexican; mmax; people; poder; poder xicanx; race; response; space; students; xicanx
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        item: #249 of 324
          id: amae-46
      author: Okhremtchouk, Irina
       title: To what ends & by what means? The social justice implications of contemporary school finance theory & policy by Gloria Rodriguez and Anthony Rolle (Eds.) (2007)
        date: 2010.0
       words: 678
      flesch: 43
     summary: An introductory chapter presents editors’ defi nitions for social justice in the context of school fi nance and invites the readers to take initial an step forward envisioning new possibilities for social justice frameworks in school fi nance. The Social Justice Implications of Contemporary School Finance Theory and Policy (2007) presents an unprecedented perspective on the issues of school fi nance by engaging its readers in how the school fi nance theory and policy can aid in eliminating existing inequalities and support democratic participation by all members of the society.
    keywords: school
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        item: #250 of 324
          id: amae-461
      author: San Miguel Jr, Guadalupe
       title: Mexican-American Moderates and the Shaping of Federal Education Policy: The Case of the May 25, 1970 Memorandum
        date: 2022.0
       words: 12650
      flesch: 46
     summary: The groups who fell under this definition were Asian Americans, Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Native Americans.11 The purpose of this memo was to “clarify D/HEW policy on issues concerning the responsibility of school districts to provide equal educational opportunity to national origin minority group children deficient in English language skills. “School districts have the responsibility to adequately notify national origin minority group parents of school activities which are called to the attention of other parents.”
    keywords: amae; american; association; bilingual; children; district; education; educators; group; journal; memorandum; mexican; mexican american; national; ocr; origin; policy; rights; san; school
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        item: #251 of 324
          id: amae-462
      author: Cuéllar, Delis
       title: “There will only be English in Kindergarten”: The Language Ideologies of the Lead Teacher and of Mexican Mothers in an Arizona Head Start Program serving Spanish-Speaking Latino Children
        date: 2022.0
       words: 8812
      flesch: 57
     summary: Data from semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, and participant-observation field notes were analyzed using the interrelated concepts of language ideologies and family language policy. The theories informing this study are interrelated and include language ideologies (Silverstein, 1979) and family language policy (Fogle & King, 2017).
    keywords: amae; american; bilingual; bilingualism; children; development; diana; educators; english; family; home; ideologies; journal; language; mexican; mothers; spanish; study
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        item: #252 of 324
          id: amae-466
      author: Gutierrez, Lorena; Calderon, Yajaira; Rodriguez, Louie ; Espinoza, Enrique; Macias, Cindy; Chang, Elisa
       title: La Excelencia Son Los Valores: Using the Lotería Game to Understand the Foundations of Latina/o/x Excellence Cultivated at Home
        date: 2022.0
       words: 12698
      flesch: 51
     summary: Implications for Practice Findings from this study challenge educators to consider the ways we can engage the rich sources of excellence students bring from their homes for learning in the classroom. Familismo may cause challenges such as also placing a financial burden on family members when children may be expected to contribute their own income, even in adulthood, causing a strain on their finances and elevating levels of stress and depression (Calzada et al., 2012), or influencing college choice among high school students trying to navigate their family obligations and personal pursuits (Hernández, 2015).
    keywords: amae; american; association; education; educators; excellence; families; familismo; family; funds; home; journal; knowledge; latina; loteria; mexican; research; school; students
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        item: #253 of 324
          id: amae-467
      author: Romero, Jerry
       title: Growing up Latinx: Coming of age in a time of contested citizenship
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1795
      flesch: 26
     summary: By concentrating on the intersections of Latinx youth identity and the sociopolitical construction of citizenship, Fernández makes the case for examining institutional structures that perpetuate hegemonic power formations that deprive Latinx youth of participation that legitimizes their agency and autonomy. By engaging in critical reflexivity, Fernández prefaces the deep connections of her research through her own positionality and experiences as a key component to feeling compelled to write about Latinx youth citizenship.
    keywords: citizenship; experiences; fernández; latinx; youth
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        item: #254 of 324
          id: amae-469
      author: Heinsfeld, Bruna Damiana
       title: Latinx experiences in U.S. schools: Voices of students, teachers, teacher educators, and education allies in challenging sociopolitical times
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1230
      flesch: 42
     summary: However, as the book’s editors state, most educational debates on Latinx students focus on underachievement and deficits that befall this community. Recent works, like Richins et al. (2021), reinforce the importance of Latinx families in the engagement of Latinx students.
    keywords: education; latinx; students; voices
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        item: #255 of 324
          id: amae-47
      author: Darder, Antonia
       title: The Great Mother Wails
        date: 2010.0
       words: 261
      flesch: 58
     summary: amea_2010.indd Association of Mexican American American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2010 POEMS The Great Mother Wails Antonia Darder University of Illinois The Earth extends her arms to us; Revealing through her nature the changing condition of our existence. And still, we spin ungodly tantrums of injustice against her love, against ourselves, against one another. 59 Association of Mexican American American Educators (AMAE)
    keywords: american
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        item: #256 of 324
          id: amae-470
      author: Hughes Karnes, Elizabeth
       title: Looking like language, sounding like a race: Raciolinguistic ideologies and the learning of Latinidad
        date: 2022.0
       words: 1598
      flesch: 33
     summary: Rosa challenges supremacist groups’ fear that an increase in immigration of Latinxs will create a new “mixed-race American future” by explaining Hughes Karnes Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2022, Volume 16, Issue1 142 that this fear erroneously relies on hard-set racial boundaries that never actually existed (p. 3). Rosa defines enregisterment as “the processes through which forms of language become endowed with cultural value” (p. 7).
    keywords: book; language; rosa; students
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        item: #257 of 324
          id: amae-472
      author: Aleman, Sonya
       title: Eroding Community Cultural Wealth: How Schooling Devalues Latina/o/x Students’ Identity, Pride, and Language
        date: 2023.0
       words: 10006
      flesch: 46
     summary: Given the ideologies that uphold U.S. whitestream education, researchers have argued that CCW skill sets are invisible or undervalued by conventional schooling norms and standards, but what this analysis of Latina/o/x college student educational narratives exposes is that these spaces do not simply ignore or negate them, they function to erode them. The impact of student experiences on progress in college: An examination of minority and nonminority differences.
    keywords: amae; american; association; capital; ccw; community; cultural; educational; educators; journal; latina; mexican; race; students; wealth; white
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        item: #258 of 324
          id: amae-476
      author: Nava, Pedro; Martinez, Ramon
       title: Critical Junctures along the Chicanx/Latinx Educational Pipeline: Interdisciplinary and Intersectional Perspectives
        date: 2023.0
       words: 2889
      flesch: 32
     summary: While there is certainly no single pathway or monolithic set of educational experiences that characterizes schooling for Latinx students (Solorzano & Yosso 2000; Yosso 2006; Covarrubias 2011; Covarrubias & Lara 2014), we maintain that the Chicanx/Latinx educational pipeline remains a powerful metaphor for highlighting critical concerns related to the experiences of Chicanx and Latinx students in kindergarten through higher education settings. Finally, Emily Ramos and Pedro E. Nava provide a review of book, The Chicana/o/x Dream: Hope, Resistance and Educational Success, in which Conchas and Acevedo (2020) explore the testimonios of Chicanx students who resist the role coloniality plays in creating a marginalizing context across the educational pipeline.
    keywords: chicanx; education; experiences; latinx; mexican; pipeline; school; students
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        item: #259 of 324
          id: amae-477
      author: Lomelí, Karla
       title: The Moral Ethic of Cariño: A Culturally Competent Approach to Working with Immigrant-Origin Students
        date: 2023.0
       words: 7857
      flesch: 51
     summary: A critical Lomelí Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal ã 2023, Volume 17, Issue 2 14 approach to cultural competencies specifically refers to how teachers structure learning opportunities in the classroom for a more democratic project of schooling in which immigrant- origin Latine students can fully embody their multiculturalism and multilingualism (Watson et al., 2016). Latine scholars have long been interrogating critical societal factors that impede the learning outcomes of Latine students, and they have been calling for more equitable practices in school contexts (Moll et al., 1992; Trueba, 1998; Gutierrez, 2008; Valdes, 1997a, 2001, 2004).
    keywords: amae; american; cariño; educators; ethic; grace; immigrant; journal; latine; origin; practices; students; teaching
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        item: #260 of 324
          id: amae-478
      author: Ramirez, Johnny
       title: From Safe Spaces to Sacred Spaces: Chicanx/Latinx After-School Youth Development and Transformational Resistance
        date: 2023.0
       words: 7938
      flesch: 43
     summary: Brother B’s reference to BPMP as a “home” speaks to the kinship bonds and feelings of safety he experienced engaging in BPMP youth programming spaces. In addition, I illustrate how BPMP safe spaces provided feelings of unconditional acceptance and a heightened sense of belonging to a community of support for their peers and adult allies, which I theorize speaks to sacred spaces and sacred interconnectedness.
    keywords: amae; american; bpmp; chicanx; community; educational; educators; journal; justice; latinx; mexican; participants; resistance; school; spaces; support; youth
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        item: #261 of 324
          id: amae-479
      author: Gonzalez, Alfredo
       title: Mexican American Student Veterans: From Military Service to Higher Education
        date: 2023.0
       words: 8215
      flesch: 46
     summary: The study identifies five factors Mexican American student veterans negotiate when transitioning to college: (a) minimization of racism; (b) lack of support; (c) being experiential learners; (d) substitute leadership; and (e) being financially motivated. Considering the purpose of this investigation is to understand the impact of military service on Mexican American student veterans pursuing a four-year degree, basic qualitative description was employed (Merriam & Tisdell, 2015; Sandelowski, 2000; Schroeder & Perez, 2022).
    keywords: amae; american; american student; benefits; college; education; educators; journal; mexican; mexican american; military; service; student; student veterans; veterans
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        item: #262 of 324
          id: amae-48
      author: Jiménez, Rosa M. 
       title: “Nuestro camino es más largo” (Our Journey Is Much Longer): A Testimonio of Immigrant Life in the Central Valley and the Road towards the Professoriate
        date: 2016.0
       words: 6428
      flesch: 64
     summary: High school started off similarly. I was a child of working class Mexican immigrants and labeled an English Learner (EL) in school.
    keywords: american; central; education; family; home; journal; journey; life; mexican; modesto; parents; school; valley; vol
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        item: #263 of 324
          id: amae-480
      author: Vega, Christine
       title: Motherscholars Traversing the Educational Pipeline through Moments of Sacred Pause
        date: 2023.0
       words: 8101
      flesch: 50
     summary: Abstract By focusing on three Chicana Motherscholars pláticas, traversing the Educational Pipeline, I conceptualize sacred pauses as moments of joy, gratitude, and love (Tuck, 2009) as resistance and refusal. Motherscholars Traversing the Educational Pipeline Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal ã 2023, Vol. 17, Issue 2 80 Building on mindfulness and theological definitions of sacred pause, I illustrate sacred pause as moments of joy, gratitude, and love as experienced by Chicana/e Latina/e1 Motherscholars journeying towards a doctorate, allows and acknowledges recognition of themselves, their children, and their “mommy wins” amongst the demand, chaos, and stressors of parenting while in the academy.
    keywords: amae; american; chicana; color; educational; journal; latina; love; moments; motherscholars; pause; pipeline; research; sacred; students; university; women
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        item: #264 of 324
          id: amae-481
      author: Lara, Argelia
       title: An Undocumented Student's Quest for Acceptance: A Testimonio Analysis Traversing the Chicanx Educational Pipeline
        date: 2023.0
       words: 10041
      flesch: 50
     summary: Constrained inclusion: Access and persistence among undocumented community college students in California’s central valley. It was not until 1985 that the case of Leticia A. v. UC Regents and CSU Board of Trustees supported the right of undocumented college students to pay in-state tuition.
    keywords: amae; american; association; covarrubias; education; educators; issue; joaquín; journal; lara; mexican; pipeline; race; school; students; support; testimonio; vol
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        item: #265 of 324
          id: amae-482
      author: Nava, Pedro
       title: Interview with Dr. Julie Figueroa: A Journey of a First-Generation Faculty and Mentoring across the Educational Pipeline
        date: 2023.0
       words: 7843
      flesch: 77
     summary: Interdisciplinary and Intersectional Guest Editors Pedro E. Nava Ramón A. Martínez Santa Clara University Stanford University Editors Patricia Sánchez Antonio J. Camacho The University of Texas at San Antonio AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Lucila D. Ek Sacramento State The University of Texas at San Antonio Managing Editor Karla Garza The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal http://amaejournal.utsa.edu ISSN: 2377-9187 Interview With Dr. Julie Lopez Figueroa Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal ã 2023, Vol. 17, Issue 2 124 Interview With Dr. Julie Lopez Figueroa: A Journey of a First-Generation Faculty and Mentoring Across the Educational Pipeline Pedro E. Nava Santa Clara University pnava2@scu.edu In preparing this special issue on Latinx experiences across the educational pipeline, we sought to include contributions from authors addressing innovative approaches. In this conversational interview, we highlight the significant contributions of Dr. Julie Lopez Figueroa, a full professor at California State University Sacramento and a first-generation scholar with extensive experience navigating and also mentoring students across the educational pipeline.
    keywords: american; association; education; educators; figueroa; julie; people; students; time
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        item: #266 of 324
          id: amae-483
      author: Ramos, Emily; Nava, Pedro
       title: The Chicana/o/x Dream: Hope, Resistance, and Educational Success
        date: 2023.0
       words: 1523
      flesch: 26
     summary: Conchas and Acevedo introduce the Framework of Atravesada/o/xs Nepantleando (FAN), which provides a lens to examine students’ intersecting identities and how they are able to see structural inequities to provide a critique of institutional processes of marginalization. In other words, la facultad reveals students coming into a critical consciousness as they now see the legacy of coloniality through structural inequalities and how they privilege others at their expense.
    keywords: chicana; conchas; students
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        item: #267 of 324
          id: amae-5
      author: Cadiero-Kaplan, Karen; Berta-Avila, Margarit; Flores, Juan
       title: CCTC and the Process for Reauthorization of Bilingual Teacher Preparation Standards: A Critical-Historical Perspective
        date: 2007.0
       words: 5391
      flesch: 41
     summary: What is evident now is that there exist two prevailing political views of bilingual education, which have a direct impact on how students are taught and how bilingual teachers are prepared. Bilingual education and bilingual teacher preparation programs are viewed as a threat to that romanticized yesteryear that excluded marginalized communities from equitable access.
    keywords: bilingual; california; cctc; commission; development; education; english; instruction; language; policy; teachers
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        item: #268 of 324
          id: amae-50
      author: Chandler, Vincent
       title: Call to Action: Speaking to Educators on the Praxis of Testimonio and the Nopal Metaphor
        date: 2016.0
       words: 6570
      flesch: 68
     summary: Yet, we can still provide Latin@ and Chican@ students and other students of color with moments (great and small) where an educator speaks to the very essence of their humanity and makes them believe it. Journal © 2016, Vol 10, Issue 2, ISSN 2377-9187 | 81 professors, coaches and other students” (Murphy, 2013, para. 1).
    keywords: amae; american; education; educators; issue; school; students; vol
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        item: #269 of 324
          id: amae-508
      author: Martinez-Cortes, Janeth ; Romo, Harriett
       title: First-generation Latina college students’ reflections of Mexican immigrant parent engagement in their college-going experiences
        date: 2025.0
       words: 9617
      flesch: 41
     summary: Parental engagement in Latina/o/x students’ higher education pathways has been documented as an important source of support in college student experiences (Arzuaga, 2016; Goldsmith & Robinson- Kurpius, 2018; Marum, 2020). As Latina/o/x students of immigrant origin and first- generation college status continue to increasingly enroll in colleges and universities, a better understanding of the role immigrant parents play in their successful transition and completion of higher education is necessary.
    keywords: american; children; college; college students; consejos; education; engagement; generation; immigrant; journal; latina; mexican; parents; students
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        item: #270 of 324
          id: amae-51
      author: Prieto, Linda
       title: Testimonios Informing a Human Rights and Social Justice Education Framework
        date: 2016.0
       words: 3123
      flesch: 53
     summary: Similarly, other testimonios by engaged educators of color in K-12 teacher and campus leader preparation programs (Prieto & Niño, 2016; Prieto & Villenas 2012, 2015; Urrieta & Villenas, 2013) examine who we are, how we “know,” and how we teach for wholeness, social justice, and liberation. Journal © 2016, Vol 10, Issue 2, ISSN 2377-9187 | 96 Testimonios Informing a Human Rights and Social Justice Education Framework Linda Prieto, Ph.D. ALearn, Vice President of Programs I have written testimonios (politically urgent life stories) alone, and in collaboration with others, as a method and political tool that conveys my own and others’ lived and professional experiences (Alarcón, Guardia Jackson, Prieto, Rodriguez-Arroyo, 2011; Prieto & Villenas, 2012, 2015; Prieto, 2015 a, b, c; Prieto, Chapa, Castro, G., Castro, N., Araujo, forthcoming; Prieto & Niño, 2016).
    keywords: american; association; educators; experiences; mexican; prieto; testimonio
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        item: #271 of 324
          id: amae-510
      author: Batarse, Aidee
       title: Breaking Barriers by Enhancing Collaboration Between Schools, Communities, and Spanish-speaking Immigrant Parents 
        date: 2025.0
       words: 9726
      flesch: 42
     summary: A pedagogy of community building: Re- imagining parent involvement and community organizing in popular education efforts. Toward a theory of family-school connections: Teacher practices and parent involvement.
    keywords: amae; american; association; barriers; children; community; education; educators; engagement; families; immigrant; involvement; issue; journal; language; mexican; parents; que; school; spanish; sra
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        item: #272 of 324
          id: amae-512
      author: Huante-Tzintzun, Nancy
       title: Transformative Education: Review of Teaching Gloria E. Anzaldúa
        date: 2025.0
       words: 1210
      flesch: 44
     summary: Teaching Gloria Anzaldúa is about paving the way for students to experience multiple forms of awakenings. Paperback: 30 Dr. Nancy Huante-Tzintzun California State University, Sacramento The anthology, Teaching Gloria E. Anzaldúa: Pedagogy and Practice for our Classrooms and Communities, keeps Anzaldúa’s work alive and relevant across disciplines.
    keywords: anzaldúa; educators; issue; teaching
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        item: #273 of 324
          id: amae-515
      author: Otero-Díaz, Margarita; Villarreal, Brandilynn; Cuevas-Uribe, Rafael; Marin Jarrin, Jose ; Iturbide, Maria I.
       title: The Story of Creando Conciencia: A Latinx Student-Focused Professional Learning Community 
        date: 2025.0
       words: 7963
      flesch: 41
     summary: To enhance Latinx student success, a team of Latinx faculty at a HSI developed innovative programming for educators centered on creating culturally sustaining educational spaces for Latinx students. To assess the effectiveness of the PLC, participants completed a baseline and exit survey which measured participants’ understanding of culturally responsive pedagogy (CRP), HSIs, cultural frameworks, and perceptions of their role as an educator of Latinx students.
    keywords: amae; american; association; conciencia; creando; educators; faculty; journal; latinx; learning; mexican; participants; students
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        item: #274 of 324
          id: amae-519
      author: Ortiz, Jose
       title: Using Testimonios to Enhance Social Emotional Learning Skills for High School Latina/o/x Students
        date: 2025.0
       words: 9300
      flesch: 49
     summary: Journal © 2025, Volume 19, Issue 1 38 • only centering the histories and experiences of African Americans and persecuted white groups; • presenting a general overview of student experiences as opposed to the personal histories and stories of students who have direct experience with forms of oppression; and • not emphasizing how social and political factors affect and shape one’s emotions. This article expands on SEL research by exploring a cultural practice known as testimonio among a small subset of high school students participating in the Aquetza summer program.
    keywords: amae; american; angela; aquetza; association; educators; experiences; issue; journal; mexican; sel; students; testimonio
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        item: #275 of 324
          id: amae-52
      author: Burciaga, Rebeca; Rodriguez, Gloria
       title: Latina/o Educational Leadership: Testimonios from the Field
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1519
      flesch: 47
     summary: Latino educational leadership across the pipeline for Latino communities and Latina/o leaders. Therefore, we share these seven articles, two poems, and a book review as a response to broadening the narrow conceptualizations of educational leadership.
    keywords: communities; educational; journal; latina; leadership; students
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        item: #276 of 324
          id: amae-529
      author: Serna, José Omar
       title: Review of Good boys, bad hombres: The racial politics of mentoring Latino boys in schools
        date: 2025.0
       words: 1567
      flesch: 39
     summary: Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal Volume 19 Issue 1 2025 AMAE Open Issue Editors Patricia Sánchez The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Managing Editor Jerry Romero Jr. The University of Texas at San Antonio http://amaejournal.utsa.edu journal ISSN: 2377-9187 Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2025, Volume 19, Issue 1 62 Review of Good boys, bad hombres Singh, M. V. (2024). Drawing from two years of ethnographic research in an urban California school district, Singh argues that these initiatives—often touted as progressive interventions— frequently reproduce racial, gender, and class hierarchies under the guise of empowerment.
    keywords: book; boys; programs; singh
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        item: #277 of 324
          id: amae-53
      author: Martinez, Melissa A. ; Marquez, Jocabed; Cantú, Yvette; Rocha, Patricia
       title: Ternura y tenacidad: Testimonios of Latina School Leaders 
        date: 2016.0
       words: 7529
      flesch: 58
     summary: In closing, Elena noted how Latina school leaders need to be aware of the racial and political aspects of the job, and how “Not everyone who is in a higher position is in it for the kids. Moreover, principal preparation programs must make courageous efforts and become more cognizant of the realities faced by Latina school leaders in particular, to ensure their success once in the field.
    keywords: american; association; education; educators; journal; latina; leaders; leadership; mexican; principal; school; school leaders; volume
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        item: #278 of 324
          id: amae-54
      author: Rodríguez, Mariela A. 
       title: Con todo mi corazón: Mentoring Latinas in Educational Leadership Doctoral Programs
        date: 2016.0
       words: 6618
      flesch: 55
     summary: Socialization practices (Gardner, 2008) to help retain Latina doctoral students include offering research support, developing strong working relationships with faculty, maintaining professional networks, and engaging in scholarly productivity. In his qualitative study of Latina doctoral students, González (2006a) identified the critical role of mentors in assisting Latina doctoral students as they navigated their graduate experience.
    keywords: education; educators; journal; latina; leadership; mentoring; program; research; students; study; women
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        item: #279 of 324
          id: amae-55
      author: Cuevas, P. Antonio
       title: The Journey from De-Culturalization to Community Cultural Wealth: The Power of a Counter Story-Telling Curriculum and How Educational Leaders Can Transform Schools 
        date: 2016.0
       words: 7931
      flesch: 55
     summary: The Journey from De-Culturalization to Community Cultural Wealth: The Power of a Counter Story-Telling Curriculum and How Educational Leaders Can Transform Schools P. Antonio Cuevas Downtown College Preparatory El Camino Abstract Generations of Latino students have been negatively impacted by de-culturalizing policies, epistemologies and pedagogies in the U.S. educational system. My research demonstrates a revolutionary way to engage Latino students.
    keywords: cultural; educational; impact; journal; journey; latino; mexican; stories; student
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        item: #280 of 324
          id: amae-56
      author: Rodriguez, Louie F. 
       title: Institutionally Responsive Pedagogies: A Community-Cultural Wealth Approach to Latina/o Student Engagement Across the Educational Pipeline 
        date: 2016.0
       words: 7969
      flesch: 52
     summary: This is precisely the goal of engaging students in the History of Educational Inequality. Teachers engaged in this work are rewarded with a set of knowledge that makes student engagement inevitable, if, they are committed to centering their work on the knowledge, experiences, and truths of Latina/o youth.
    keywords: american; communities; community; educational; educators; issue; journal; latina; mexican; school; students; volume; work
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        item: #281 of 324
          id: amae-57
      author: Nava, Pedro E. ; Lara, Argelia
       title: Reconceptualizing Leadership in Migrant Communities: Latina/o Parent Leadership Retreats as Sites of Community Cultural Wealth
        date: 2016.0
       words: 7059
      flesch: 54
     summary: In sharing his testimonio with participants in parent leadership retreats, Raul was modeling for them a type of “teaching that Nava & Lara Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journa © 2016, Volume 10, Issue 3, ISSN 2377-9187 | 91 enables transgressions” (hooks, 1994, p. 12) against and beyond the boundaries that so often deny migrant families the ability to engage in and with schools. Towards addressing these needs, ELF develops parent retreats that build on culturally responsive pedagogy (Gay, 2002; Ladson- Billings, 2014) and community responsive methods (Tintiangco-Cubales et al., 2015).
    keywords: american; capital; communities; community; education; educators; families; leadership; mexican; migrant; parents; retreats; school
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        item: #282 of 324
          id: amae-58
      author: Vélez, Verónica N.
       title: Organizing for Change: Latinx Im/migrant Parents, School Decision-Making, and the Racial Politics of Parent Leadership in School Reform 
        date: 2016.0
       words: 9038
      flesch: 55
     summary: Grounded in Latina/o Critical Theory (LatCrit), this article focuses specifically on the development of political agency among ALIANZA members, highlighting organizational strategies aimed at school reform while strengthening counter- narratives to interrupt racist depictions that functioned to cast Latinx parents as “unfit” to serve as educational leaders. Taken together with dominant notions of parent involvement, educational policies on school accountability only contribute to a further marginalization of Latinx parents in schools (Rogers, 2002).
    keywords: alianza; amae; american; association; change; education; educators; english; group; issue; journal; latinx; members; mexican; migrant; parents; que; school; spaces; volume
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        item: #283 of 324
          id: amae-59
      author: López, Patricia D. 
       title: Leadership for Chicano/Latino Education and the Politics of Change
        date: 2016.0
       words: 4414
      flesch: 40
     summary: Chicano education from the civil rights era to present. Chicano students and the courts: The Mexican American legal struggle for educational equality.
    keywords: chicano; communities; education; educators; feminist; latino; leadership; lópez; mexican; public; students
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        item: #284 of 324
          id: amae-6
      author: Alamillo, Laura
       title: Selecting Chicano Children’s Literature in a Bilingual Classroom: Investigating Issues of Cultural Authenticity and Avoiding Stereotypes
        date: 2007.0
       words: 2977
      flesch: 56
     summary: Would Chicano children be able to identify with Castilian Spanish? Spanish, Chicano Spanish and Chicano English are therefore distinguishable factors when identifying Chicano literature.
    keywords: books; chicano; children; classroom; language; literature; spanish; teachers
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        item: #285 of 324
          id: amae-60
      author: Baltazar-Sabbah, Blanca
       title: A Call to Action
        date: 2016.0
       words: 240
      flesch: 50
     summary: Silence—the systems and people that make us voiceless Passivity—the people who don’t act upon injusticias Stereotypes—the lack of expectations because of the color of our skin, our gender, nuestra lengua natal Inequities— the tracking of students, the lack of resources, underachievement of Latinos Apathy—complacency with the status quo Silence, passivity, stereotypes, inequities, apathy— that’s what makes me angry I am enraged by the racism, the stereotypes and the lack of respect for my gente. Will you break up the silence, passivity, stereotypes, inequities and apathy?
    keywords: stereotypes
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        item: #286 of 324
          id: amae-62
      author: Gonzalez, Araceli 
       title: Reframing Community Partnerships in Education: Uniting the Power of Place and Wisdom of People.
        date: 2016.0
       words: 1322
      flesch: 43
     summary: This reconfiguration and re-authoring of the self and community can be achieved through the use of tools such as, but not limited to, asset and community mapping and two proposed “dynamic-critical pedagogies”—the pedagogies of reflection, which engage participants in a circular practice of appreciative listening, meaningful critical dialogue and the pedagogies with and in community that engage participants in strategic community action, defined by the active problem-posing and recognition of community assets (p. 91-92). However, its full materialization was a continuous engagement in questioning, active boundary crossing, and reflection of their roles, or positionality, as educators, advocates, and community organizers.
    keywords: cle; community; education; learning
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        item: #287 of 324
          id: amae-63
      author: Niño, Juan Manuel ; Hernandez, Frank; Valle, Fernando; McPhetres, Jon
       title: Latina/o School Principals as Instructional Leaders
        date: 2017.0
       words: 7080
      flesch: 45
     summary: It is critical, then, that a appropriate and culturally relevant theoretical framework be used to examine Latino school leaders time on task. The majority of participants (81%) currently served as school principals and 10% served as superintendents.
    keywords: american; association; educational; hernandez; issue; journal; latino; leadership; learning; mexican; principals; school; students; time
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        item: #288 of 324
          id: amae-64
      author: Ventura, Julissa 
       title: We Created that Space with Everybody: Constructing a Community-Based Space of Belonging and Familia in a Latina/o Youth Group
        date: 2017.0
       words: 7224
      flesch: 56
     summary: There must be an attuned awareness of how to sustain youth spaces without de-centering the youth themselves, and how to construct these spaces with youth rather than framing them as safe havens for youth. The New Familia of Youth and Allies At Latin@Youth, caring relationships created strong bonds among youth and between youth and allies.
    keywords: community; group; issue; journal; latin@youth; latino; new; school; social; space; students; youth
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        item: #289 of 324
          id: amae-65
      author: Martínez , Vanessa Lina; Hernandez Sanchez , Ma. Eugenia ; Flores Carmona , Judith ; El Ashmaw, Yvonne P. 
       title: Testimonio Praxis in Educational Spaces: Lessons from Mujeres in the Field
        date: 2017.0
       words: 6930
      flesch: 45
     summary: Keywords: testimonio pedagogy, administration, higher education, educational leadership community advocacy, Chicana/Latina/Latinx DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24974/amae.11.327 http://dx.doi.org/10.24974/amae.11.327 Testimonio Praxis in Educational Spaces Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Open Issue, Vol. 11, Issue 1 | 39 Introduction Testimonio Methodology, Pedagogy, and Praxis In order to add to the genre of testimonio pedagogy and envision new conceptions of leadership rooted in testimonio, we begin by reviewing the genre as method and methodology.
    keywords: american; carmona; chicana; education; feminist; issue; journal; latina; leadership; pedagogy; praxis; students; testimonio
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        item: #290 of 324
          id: amae-66
      author: Babino, Alexandra ; González-Carriedo, Ricardo
       title: Striving Toward Equitable Biliteracy Assessments in Hegemonic School Contexts
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8695
      flesch: 48
     summary: Striving Toward Equitable Biliteracy Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Open Issue, Vol. 11, Issue 1 | 61 to students’ emergent languages as well as in relation to other emergent bilinguals. On the other hand, the students at Memorial, as second and third generation, first language bilinguals displayed identical mean reading scores in Spanish and English in second through fifth grades.
    keywords: assessment; bilinguals; biliteracy; development; education; educators; emergent; english; issue; journal; language; proficiency; reading; spanish; students; use
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        item: #291 of 324
          id: amae-67
      author: Caldas, Blanca ; Palmer, Deborah
       title: Graduate School as a Site of Remembrance: Educación for Resistance for Bilingual Teachers
        date: 2017.0
       words: 7888
      flesch: 57
     summary: Bilingual teachers are well aware of the distinction between educación and schooling as they mean different things in English and Spanish even if only implicitly. As bilingual teachers are at the epicenter of this battleground, they constantly confront and/or become the target of discriminatory and exclusionary practices against brown bodies, be they students, parents, colleagues, and often themselves.
    keywords: amae; american; association; bilingual; children; educación; education; educators; issue; journal; language; mexican; parents; participants; practices; que; school; spanish; students; teachers; vol
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        item: #292 of 324
          id: amae-68
      author: Chavarria, Karina 
       title: Developing Transformative Space for Student Resistance: Latina/o Students’ Interruption of Subtractive Schooling Practices
        date: 2017.0
       words: 6624
      flesch: 45
     summary: Via participant observations in classrooms over a two-year period, I capture the contextualized interactions informing how teachers and Latina/o students co-construct transformative space for student resistance. Volume 11 Issue 1 2017 AMAE Open Issue Editors Patricia Sánchez The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal Journal Website: http://amaejournal.utsa.edu http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ Chavarria Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Open Issue, Vol. 11, Issue 1 | 91 Developing Transformative Space for Student Resistance: Latina/o Students’ Interruption of Subtractive Schooling Practices Karina Chavarria University of California, Los Angeles Abstract Social reproduction scholars and the literature on critical race theory and student resistance contend that schools are not neutral institutions existing in a vacuum free of the political and social struggles for rights and resources (Delgado Bernal, 1998; Fine, 1991).
    keywords: american; classroom; community; issue; journal; latina; mexican; resistance; school; schooling; space; students
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        item: #293 of 324
          id: amae-69
      author: Torres-Velásquez, Diane
       title: Martínez v. State of New Mexico: The Right to a Sufficient Education
        date: 2017.0
       words: 7779
      flesch: 53
     summary: New Mexico November 14, 2014b). Volume 11 Issue 1 2017 AMAE Open Issue Editors Patricia Sánchez The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal Journal Website: http://amaejournal.utsa.edu http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ Torres-Velásquez Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Open Issue, Vol. 11, Issue 1 | 106 Martínez v. State of New Mexico: The Right to a Sufficient Education Diane Torres-Velásquez The University of New Mexico
    keywords: american; education; educators; issue; journal; martínez; mexican; new mexico; public; right; school; state; students; sánchez
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        item: #294 of 324
          id: amae-7
      author: Garcia-Gomez, Ana Maria
       title: Cinco de Mayo- A pre-K Play
        date: 2007.0
       words: 794
      flesch: 91
     summary: French Officer (dressed as Napoleon III): French soldier: Give me your land. 2nd.
    keywords: french; mexicanos
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        item: #295 of 324
          id: amae-70
      author: Donato, Rubén ; Hanson, Jarrod 
       title: “Porque tenían sangre de ‘NEGROS’”: The Exclusion of Mexican Children from a Louisiana School, 1915-1916
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8698
      flesch: 60
     summary: Denver Abstract This article examines the exclusion of Mexican children from a Louisiana public school in 1915-1916. Although school officials did not see Mexican children as Black or White, their mestizo appearance became a racial marker.
    keywords: american; case; children; ford; histórico; issue; journal; louisiana; lozano; mexican; school; state; white
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        item: #296 of 324
          id: amae-71
      author: Solís, Jorge L. 
       title: Mixing Time in a Bilingual Program: When Science Time is English Time 
        date: 2017.0
       words: 11228
      flesch: 50
     summary: When referring to sharing time classroom activities like the one in this case study, Cazden (2001) identifies the pedagogical work done by the teacher and students as a pervasive and constant tension because it often requires validation of existing student contributions while simultaneously re-grounding it with additional meaning (p. 22). Accordingly, descriptions of classroom activities and interactions attempt to reflect the local discourse that members of this classroom use to orient their interactions and make sense of their experiences.
    keywords: activities; amae; american; bilingual; circle; classroom; community; issue; journal; language; learning; rules; science; students; teacher; time; vol
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        item: #297 of 324
          id: amae-72
      author: Johnson, Francine
       title: Intentional Excellence: The Pedagogy, Power and Politics of Excellence in Latina/o Schools and Communities : Guajardo, M.A., Guajardo, F., Janson, C., & Militello, M. (2016). New York, NY, Routledge, 198 pp, ISBN: 1317555600, 9781317555605
        date: 2017.0
       words: 1322
      flesch: 43
     summary: This reconfiguration and re-authoring of the self and community can be achieved through the use of tools such as, but not limited to, asset and community mapping and two proposed “dynamic-critical pedagogies”—the pedagogies of reflection, which engage participants in a circular practice of appreciative listening, meaningful critical dialogue and the pedagogies with and in community that engage participants in strategic community action, defined by the active problem-posing and recognition of community assets (p. 91-92). However, its full materialization was a continuous engagement in questioning, active boundary crossing, and reflection of their roles, or positionality, as educators, advocates, and community organizers.
    keywords: cle; community; education; learning
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        item: #298 of 324
          id: amae-73
      author: Arámbula Turner, Tracy; Zerquera, Desiree D.; Turner, Caroline S. ; Sáenz, Victor B.
       title: Answering the Call: Hispanic-Serving Institutions as Leaders in the Quest for Access, Excellence, and Equity in American Higher Education
        date: 2017.0
       words: 9120
      flesch: 36
     summary: The Present and Future Relevance of HSIs For a great number of Latinx students, the pathway to higher education begins through an HSI. Similarly, forecasts suggest that Latinx students will be disproportionately enrolled in them.
    keywords: amae; american; association; authors; community; education; educators; faculty; hispanic; hsis; institutions; issue; journal; latinx; mexican; students; turner; vol
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        item: #299 of 324
          id: amae-74
      author: Doran, Erin; Medina, Øscar
       title: The Intentional and the Grassroots Hispanic-Serving Institutions: A Critical History of Two Universities
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8701
      flesch: 48
     summary: Serving Latinx students through academic programming. Utilizing a theoretical framework of transformational change, we focus on various aspects of these institutions, including curriculum, the allocation of physical spaces, and the creation of programs that specifically serve Latinx students.
    keywords: acu; american; education; hispanic; hsis; institutions; journal; latinx; latinx students; lvu; mexican; president; programs; students; university; uprs
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        item: #300 of 324
          id: amae-75
      author: De La Trinidad, Maritza; Guajardo, Francisco; Kranz, Peter L. ; Guajardo, Miguel
       title: The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley: Reframing HSIs through a Multi-Sited Ethnography
        date: 2017.0
       words: 14264
      flesch: 46
     summary: Exploring what leads high school students to enroll in Hispanic-serving institutions: A multilevel analysis. The ethnographic data, especially student testimonials of their transformational learning De La Trinidad, Guajardo, Kranz, & Guajardo Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3 61 experiences, supports the secondary literature that demonstrates the effectiveness of providing culturally relevant pedagogical methods such as building voice and story, community-based projects, and critical self-reflection that brings student knowledge and experience to higher education (Alvarez & Martínez, 2014; Guajardo & Guajardo 2017; Lara & Lara 2012).
    keywords: amae; american; association; community; cultural; education; educators; faculty; guajardo; hispanic; institutions; issue; journal; mexican; mexican american; new; race; students; texas; university; utrgv; volume
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        item: #301 of 324
          id: amae-76
      author: Cuellar, Marcela G.; Segundo, Vanessa; Muñoz, Yvonne
       title: Assessing Empowerment at HSIs: An Adapted Inputs-Environments-Outcomes Model
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8964
      flesch: 37
     summary: http://amaejournal.utsa.edu ISSN: 2377-9187 Volume 11 Issue 3 2017 AMAE Invited Special Issue Answering the Call: Hispanic-Serving Institutions as Leaders in the Quest for Access, Excellence, and Equity in American Higher Education Guest Editors Tracy Arámbula Ballysingh Caroline S. Turner University of Vermont California State University, Sacramento Desiree D. Zerquera Victor B. Sáenz University of San Francisco The University of Texas at Austin Editors Patricia Sánchez The University of Texas at San Antonio Antonio J. Camacho AMAE, Inc. Associate Editors Julie L. Figueroa Sacramento State Lucila D. Ek The University of Texas at San Antonio Association of Mexican American Educators Journal A peer-reviewed, open access journal http://amaejournal.utsa.edu/ Cuellar, Segundo, & Muñoz Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3 84 Assessing Empowerment at HSIs: An Adapted Inputs-Environments-Outcomes Model Marcela G. Cuellar University of California, Davis Vanessa Segundo University of California, Davis Yvonne Muñoz University of California, Davis Abstract Hispanic-Serving Institutions (HSIs) play a critical role in advancing postsecondary access and success for Latinx students. In an effort to inform future research of Latinx students at HSIs, we argue that student experiences and outcomes should be based on notions of empowerment given the historically marginalized status of this group.
    keywords: american; college; education; empowerment; experiences; hispanic; hsis; institutions; journal; latinx; latinx students; mexican; model; outcomes; research; students
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        item: #302 of 324
          id: amae-77
      author: Garcia, Gina Ann
       title: What Does it Mean to be Latinx-serving? Testing the Utility of the Typology of HSI Organizational Identities
        date: 2017.0
       words: 10660
      flesch: 43
     summary: Testing the Utility of the Typology of HSI Organizational Identities Gina Ann Garcia University of Pittsburgh Abstract While scholars agree that enrolling a large percentage of Latinx students is not enough for postsecondary institutions to be considered “Latinx-serving,” there continues to be a debate about what it means for institutions to have an organizational identity for serving this population. The Typology of HSI Organizational Identities is a guiding framework that suggests there are multiple ways for an institution to serve Latinx students, and thus multiple “types” of Hispanic-
    keywords: american; education; garcia; graduation; hispanic; hsis; identity; institutions; journal; latinx; latinx students; programs; rates; year
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        item: #303 of 324
          id: amae-78
      author: Gonzalez, Kenneth P.; Meling, Vanessa S.
       title: Modeling an Effective Program for Latina/o College Student Success
        date: 2017.0
       words: 5499
      flesch: 53
     summary: It is difficult, if not impossible, to determine that a redesigned program was the primary factor in increasing student success in the case study offered here. What matters to student success: A review of the literature.
    keywords: assignments; college; course; generation; journal; latina; program; students; success; term; university
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        item: #304 of 324
          id: amae-79
      author: Marin, Patricia; Pereschica, Priscilla
       title: Becoming an Hispanic-Serving Research Institution: Involving Graduate Students in Organizational Change
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8418
      flesch: 39
     summary: Ultimately, our analysis revealed four important themes related to organizational culture from the perspective of graduate student participants: communicating institutional pride as an HSRI, engaging the benefits of an HSRI, operationalizing a serving mission, and involving graduate students as institutional actors at HSRIs. Association of Mexican American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2017, Volume 11, Issue 3 167 Involving Graduate Students as Institutional Actors at HSRIs Although graduate students initially focused on the responsibilities of the formal institutional leadership, in due course and through discussion of their roles as graduate students, a majority of the students eventually saw clear and important responsibilities for themselves and other graduate students as their campus became an HSRI.
    keywords: culture; education; graduate; hispanic; hsi; hsis; institutions; journal; latino; participants; research; students; study
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        item: #305 of 324
          id: amae-8
      author: Flores, Juan
       title: El Peleonero
        date: 2007.0
       words: 1267
      flesch: 86
     summary: Alan struck fear in me and in other kids that were not popular or athletic. My mother warned me about kids like Alan.
    keywords: alan; hair; kit
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        item: #306 of 324
          id: amae-80
      author: Ponjuán, Luis; Palomín, Leticia; Hernández, Susana
       title: Presidential Leadership: Improving Completion Rates of Latino Male Students at Texas Community Colleges
        date: 2017.0
       words: 7816
      flesch: 45
     summary: Hispanic student success: Factors influencing the persistence and transfer decisions of Latino community college students enrolled in developmental education. More specifically, other scholars suggest that community college presidents should strategically focus their institutions to improve degree completion for an increasingly ethnically diverse student population (Eddy, 2010; Nevarez, Wood, & Penrose, 2013).
    keywords: college; community; community college; completion; degree; education; institutions; journal; latino; male; presidents; research; students
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        item: #307 of 324
          id: amae-81
      author: Zerquera, Desiree D.; Arámbula Turner, Tracy; Templeton, Emerald
       title: A Critical Look at Perspectives of Access and Mission at High Latinx-Enrolling Urban Universities
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8794
      flesch: 42
     summary: In a classical but progressive defining of higher education leadership, Trow (1985) described leadership as taking “effective action to shape the character and direction of a college or university, presumably for the better” (p. 45). Higher education leaders play an important role in upholding equitable access, in fostering campus environments that are inclusive of students from diverse backgrounds, and in promoting success for historically marginalized groups.
    keywords: access; amae; american; association; diversity; education; educators; institutions; journal; leadership; mexican; mission; perspectives; students; volume
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        item: #308 of 324
          id: amae-82
      author: Contreras, Frances
       title: Latino Faculty in Hispanic-Serving Institutions: Where is the Diversity?
        date: 2017.0
       words: 9234
      flesch: 45
     summary: This article presents an examination of faculty diversity in two large systems of higher education in California, specifically the California Community Colleges and the California State University systems which serve the majority of Latino college students in the state of California. Community college faculty are often quick to place the onus of achievement on students rather than critically explore the role of faculty in student failure rates in remedial track courses.
    keywords: american; association; california; college; community; contreras; diversity; education; faculty; hispanic; institutions; journal; latino; students; system
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        item: #309 of 324
          id: amae-83
      author: Turner, Caroline S. ; Cosmé, Pedro X. ; Dinehart, Laura; Martí, Raquel; McDonald, David ; Ramirez, Martin; Rápalo, Lester Sandres; Zamora, Juan
       title: Hispanic-Serving Institution Scholars and Administrators on Improving Latina/Latino/Latinx/Hispanic Teacher Pipelines: Critical Junctures along Career Pathways
        date: 2017.0
       words: 9562
      flesch: 38
     summary: In these diverse school sites, Latina teachers described vastly different experiences with their work. Latina teachers in a predominantly White context encountered subtle forms of racism where they felt the need to minimize the expression of their culture and were burdened by heavier workloads.
    keywords: amae; american; association; california; education; educators; hispanic; issue; journal; latina; mexican; programs; school; students; teachers; teaching; university
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        item: #310 of 324
          id: amae-84
      author: Núñez, Anne-Marie
       title: Flipping the HSI Narrative: An HSI Positionality
        date: 2017.0
       words: 8029
      flesch: 37
     summary: HSI researchers seeking to advance epistemic justice can work as true partners with HSIs to: (1) sort through the nuances, complexities, and differences in organizational behavior across institutions, (2) distill common themes across institutions, and (3) to articulate and present a “collective HSI identity” to targeted external audiences. With respect to epistemic justice, this recent development reinforces the importance for HSI researchers of recognizing HSIs’ institutional diversity when designing studies, or situating particular HSIs within a broader context.
    keywords: american; association; education; educators; hsis; hurtado; institutions; journal; mexican; núñez; research; researchers; students
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        item: #311 of 324
          id: amae-85
      author: Rodríguez, Jesús
       title: Somos Iguales...Pero No Tanto: Examining the Experience of Belonging among Undocumented Immigrant Latina/o Students
        date: 2011.0
       words: 5485
      flesch: 55
     summary: Findings indicate that feelings of belonging within-group variation (1.25, 1.5. and 1.75) of undocumented Latina/o students were challenged when issues of language, age of migration and the dominant American narrative projected by their Latina/o documented peers placed undocumented students’ outside of the shared cultural group and society. What do undocumented students perceive as barriers to their schooling experience?
    keywords: age; american; college; educational; language; latina; mexican; peers; ready; school; students; study; youth
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        item: #312 of 324
          id: amae-86
      author: Pérez, Patricia; Rodríguez, James
       title: Access and Opportunity for Latina/o Undocumented College Students: Familial and Institutional Support Factors
        date: 2011.0
       words: 4879
      flesch: 47
     summary: The heightened focus on immigration policy has resulted in a scholarship vein highlighting the educational experiences of undocumented college students. The Washington State in-state tuition law, or HB 107911, makes undocumented students who have lived in the state at least three years and have graduated from a Washington State high school eligible to pay in-state tuition rates.
    keywords: access; american; college; education; family; latina; state; students; support
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        item: #313 of 324
          id: amae-87
      author: Jacobo, Rodolfo; Ochoa, Alberto
       title: Examining the Experiences of Undocumented College Students: Walking the Known and Unknown Lived Spaces
        date: 2011.0
       words: 5218
      flesch: 53
     summary: Figure 1 illustrates two dimensions and four quadrants that allows one to refl ect on how undocumented college students navigate their lived spaces on a daily basis. Existing law established by the Supreme Court case Plyler vs. Doe in 1982 gives undocumented immigrant students the right to a K-12 education under the 14th amendment.
    keywords: access; american; college; education; living; mexican; policy; states; students; uca; united; youth
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        item: #314 of 324
          id: amae-88
      author: Sáenz, Victor; Rodríguez, Angelica Aguilar; Martínez, Melissa A.; Romo, Enrique
       title: The College Pathways of Foreign-Born and Native-Born Latina/o College Students at Four-Year Institutions
        date: 2011.0
       words: 5600
      flesch: 52
     summary: This may be because immigrant students often have an increased desire to do well for their parents, repaying them for the sacrifi ces they made to provide students a better life (Tseng, 2004). The CIRP Freshman Survey is administered every summer to incoming college freshmen at hundreds of four-year institutions across the country, and it is the nation’s longest running study of entering college students.
    keywords: american; college; education; foreign; immigrant; latina; native; students; year
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        item: #315 of 324
          id: amae-9
      author: García-Castañón, Juan
       title: Mi General - Daniel Hernandez 
        date: 2007.0
       words: 476
      flesch: 84
     summary: This poem was written in memory of Daniel Villanueva Hernandez who died quite unexpectedly in San Jose in June 2003. He was a community activist in San Jose and the Bay Area for nearly 40 years, having been involved in Chicano community activities from student initiatives to farm worker and labor issues, housing, health, and police monitoring.
    keywords: brother; years
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        item: #316 of 324
          id: amae-90
      author: Manzo, Rosa D.; Cruz, Lisceth; Faltis, Christian; de la Torre, Adela
       title: Professional Development of Secondary Science Teachers of English Learners in Immigrant Communities
        date: 2011.0
       words: 4646
      flesch: 49
     summary: An alternative explanation, one that we fi nd to be more probable, is that science is challenging for ELs because science teachers in general are not making the kinds of adjustments needed to ensure that ELs have access to texts and are able to participate in the class learning experience (de Oliveira, 2010; Lee & Luykx, 2005; Lee, 2005). An essential feature of the ARISE project was to provide professional development to science teachers teaching in public schools with large numbers of ELs.
    keywords: american; education; els; english; language; learning; model; science; students; teachers
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        item: #317 of 324
          id: amae-91
      author: Burciaga, Edelina
       title: Americans by Heart: Undocumented Latino Students and the Promise of Higher Education
        date: 2011.0
       words: 1346
      flesch: 43
     summary: This analysis adds an important layer to the discussion about undocumented Latino student success because it moves the discussion beyond personal and individual motivation and addresses how schools as institutions can support undocumented Latino students. Pérez’s primary focus is on the factors that shape the pathway to college for undocumented Latino students.
    keywords: college; students
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        item: #318 of 324
          id: amae-92
      author: Romero, Gabriela
       title: Reflections of Me: Divergent Educational Experiences
        date: 2011.0
       words: 870
      flesch: 73
     summary: Voice: “Hispanic youth are almost four times more likely than White students and twice as likely as African American students to drop out of school”6 Undergraduate School: I graduated high school with honors and went to a university in the Northwestern United States. I had experienced bilingual education up until I entered Lincoln Middle School and my anxiety emerged.
    keywords: niño; school
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        item: #319 of 324
          id: amae-93
      author: Medina, Arianna; Castañeda-Gutierrez, Fatima
       title: La escuela perfecta
        date: 2011.0
       words: 113
      flesch: 41
     summary: amea_2011.indd Association of Mexican American American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2011 • Volume 5, Issue 1 POETRY La escuela perfecta Arianna Medina, Parent (Poet) Fatima Castañeda-Gutierrez (Photographer) Occidential College Todos quisiéramos una escuela perfecta para nuestros hijos, donde hubiera maestros capacitados para cada necesidad de los niños, donde hubiera sufi cientes áreas verdes donde ellos pudieran jugar, donde cada niño sobresaliera en sus estudios, pero sobre todo, desearíamos que cada niño del mundo tuviera una oportunidad de estar en una escuela donde aprendieran las bases para sobresalir en la vida. Y esto nos llevaría a un mundo mejor, ya que cada niño estaría preparado para enfrentar la vida de una manera digna.
    keywords: donde; para
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        item: #320 of 324
          id: amae-94
      author: Rodríguez, Gabriela
       title: Confusion is my Dress
        date: 2011.0
       words: 165
      flesch: 82
     summary: Si un día se derrotan o desuelven, como pápel en un vaso de agua, un día se colarán y volverán. amea_2011.indd Association of Mexican American American Educators (AMAE) Journal © 2011 • Volume 5, Issue 1 Confusion is my Dress Gabriela Rodríguez California State University, Fresno Que me internen, mama, yo ya
    keywords: que
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        item: #321 of 324
          id: amae-96
      author: Darder, Antonia; Noguera, Pedro A.; Fuentes, Emma H.; Sánchez, Patricia
       title: Liberating Ourselves: Agency, Resistance and Possibilities for Change among Latino Students, Educators, and Parents
        date: 2012.0
       words: 2124
      flesch: 33
     summary: These conditions are just some of the assaults confronting Latino communities, despite the growing number of Latinas/os in this country. Writing from their unique social locations as Latina and Latino teachers, principals, professors, student activists, and parents, the contributors rightly assert that not only is resistance to the forces that oppress and marginalize Latino communities possible, it is essential.
    keywords: agency; american; education; issue; latina; mexican; resistance
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        item: #322 of 324
          id: amae-97
      author: Beckett, Linnea; Glass, Ronald David; Moreno, Ana Paulina
       title: A Pedagogy of Community Building: Re-imagining Parent Involvement and Community Organizing in Popular Education Efforts
        date: 2012.0
       words: 7076
      flesch: 46
     summary: The digital stories were grounded in generative themes that emerged from a series of focus groups with ~125 school parents and community members, ~50 youth, and ~25 teachers, and they were crafted in intimate story circles facilitated by some of The Project members. We argue that these dynamic processes of community building and ethical and political engagement suggest transformations in conceptions of parent involvement in school reform that could support meaningful and sustained change for schools in LI/RCLD communities.
    keywords: alianza; building; children; community; community building; education; immigrant; involvement; issue; los; parents; pedagogy; project; que; reform; school; spaces
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        item: #323 of 324
          id: amae-98
      author: Gómez, Conrado; Jiménez-Silva, Margarita
       title: Mexican American Studies: The Historical Legitimacy of an Educational Program
        date: 2012.0
       words: 6072
      flesch: 45
     summary: The lawsuit’s intent was to have TUSD launch a full-fl edged Mexican American Studies program by fi rst instituting a Mexican American Studies Department with proper administrative to overview it. Additionally, a group of supporters, called the Coalition of Neighbors for Mexican American Studies, attended board meetings to promote the proposal to establish a new department under the Mexican American Studies rubric (L. Basurto, personal communication, September 16, 2011).
    keywords: american; american studies; arizona; district; education; mexican; program; school; students; studies; tucson; tusd
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        item: #324 of 324
          id: amae-99
      author: Burciaga, Rebeca; Erbstein, Nancy
       title: Latina/o Dropouts: Generating Community Cultural Wealth
        date: 2012.0
       words: 6472
      flesch: 55
     summary: Indeed, there is much to learn from young adults who are dismissed as “high school dropouts” but have a wealth of perspectives on their ability to persist and resist despite not earning their high school diplomas in traditional ways. The analysis draws from testimonios of six Latina/o young adults between the ages of 18 and 20 living in California’s 9-County Sacramento Region who left or considered leaving high school before graduating.
    keywords: adults; capital; community; cultural; dropouts; education; issue; journal; latina; participants; school; wealth; youth
       cache: amae-99.pdf
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