










































Perlego, a Friend or Foe?


280  ATLA 2023 PROCEEDINGS

Perlego, a Friend or Foe?
E-textbook Streaming Service
Hannie Riley, Librarian, Wycliffe Hall, University of Oxford

ABSTRACT Considering the success of Spotify and Netflix, it was inevitable 
that an e-textbook subscription-based streaming service become avail-
able on the market. Perlego, a personal all-you-can-read digital e-textbook 
subscription provider, launched in 2017 under a motto of accessibility and 
affordability for all.  They targeted individual students directly and slowly 
gained popularity. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic, Perlego turned 
its business model around by offering a free subscription to meet the out-
cry for online resources during the first few months of lockdown and by 
working together with librarians to offer institutional subscription licences. 
Since then, this new way of providing e-resources has become mainstream. 
Also, with development of useful built-in study tools, such as a reading list 
management called Workspace, one-click referencing, and Notebook, it 
has risen above being simply an e-textbook streaming service to an educa-
tional learning platform. Librarians must think hard about what effect this 
will bring to the future.

INTRODUCTION

Spotify and Netflix are part our lives. According to Ruby (2023), Spo-
tify has 515 million active monthly users and “210 million premium 
subscribers across 184 regions” and Netflix has “over 232 million 
paid subscribers worldwide as of Q1 2023.” In 2022, Netflix produced 
891 original films and series, “generating $31.61 billion in revenue 
and $4.49 billion in net income” (Ruby 2023). They have changed the 
way people listen to music and watch videos and films. No one ques-
tions their steaming service business model nowadays. 

Not only music and videos, e-book subscription sites are already 
on offer for unlimited reading for a flat monthly fee, such as Wired, 
Scribd, Kindle Unlimited, Bookmate, and Kobo Plus. However, they 
are for general reading, not specialised in academic teaching and 
learning. For students who are struggling with the cost of living, an 



LISTEN AND LEARN SESSIONS  281

e-textbook streaming service can be an excellent solution and that 
is where Perlego comes in. 

WHAT IS PERLEGO?

Perlego is a subscription service that gives users limitless access to 
over one million academic e-textbooks (Perlego 2023). It is often re-
ferred to as “Netflix for textbooks” (Gooding 2018) or “Spotify text-
books” (Tobin 2022). Just like other streaming services, it adopted an 
individual subscription model over the internet.

Perlego was founded in 2016 by two Cambridge graduates, Gauth-
ier Van Malderen and Matthew Davis, who were battling with the 
cost of textbooks as students, and launched in 2017 (Watts 2022). It 
offers personal all-you-can read digital subscription monthly or an-
nually. A subscriber can join and leave anytime they want. It is easy 
to create an account by signing up online and simple to leave. Their 
flat costing model offer is $18 per month for a monthly subscription 
or $12 per month for an annual one. 

Access to over one million non-fiction titles is provided with 24 
topics are represented on the Perlego platform. Over 62,000 titles are 
available in the Theology and Religion topic. Theology and Religion 
ranks in the top third in the collection size order. Considering its 
unpopularity as a subject in higher education (The Brisith Academy 
2019) this is a large collection. That is not the kind of attention this 
subject usually gets in academia. 

When Perlego launched, it focused on selling private subscrip-
tions to consumers, mainly university students, directly by working 
in partnership with various commercial companies and educational 
related organisations such as Barclays Bank, Vodafone, Talis (edu-
cational technology company), and UCAS (Universities and Colleges 
Admissions Service) (Talis 2021; Naik 2020). New students were 
given a free subscription as part of a welcome package when they 
opened a student bank account or purchased a new mobile phone. 
For example, Barclays Bank student account holders were offered a 
free one year subscription to Perlego (Ingham 2020) as an opening 
reward, while Vodafone, a British multinational telecommunications 
company, gave their mobile phone users six weeks of free access to 
Perlego as part of their mobile package (Digital Society 2020). Free 
trials often yield continuation of subscriptions. This business model, 
however, completely bypassed the institutional libraries.



282  ATLA 2023 PROCEEDINGS

From the inception of Perlego, librarians in the UK were not sure 
about what to think of Perlego, as their marketing focus was com-
pletely different from traditional publishers and e-resource pro-
viders. Keeping out of libraries and institutions, Perlego talked to 
students directly as its driving force was completely outside of li-
brarians’ remit. All libraries could do was sit uncomfortably by and 
witness that some of their students started to feel no need to visit 
institutional libraries by taking out Perlego subscriptions. Many sub-
scribers felt Perlego was sufficient to carry out their studies success-
fully without libraries. One small theological seminary librarian in 
the UK saw a drop in physical library visits and was even questioned 
about the value of her library service by her senior management 
team (Anonymous, Perlego Subscription 2021). 

Since 2017 its business was growing rather slowly, then suddenly 
it hit the jackpot. 

COVID-19 PANDEMIC 

In 2020, only three years after the launch of Perlego, COVID-19 halted 
the entire world. Due to the pandemic, library doors were firmly shut 
for a lengthy period, many librarians were furloughed, and students 
were left with no access to library books. Librarians were anxious 
to continuously provide a service to desperate students. Perlego saw 
this and realised more openness and willingness from publishers as 
well as urgency and desperation from academic institutions, which 
was accelerated by COVID-19, to swiftly provide teaching resources 
online to students. It seized the opportunity and acted quickly. It 
reached out to academic libraries in the UK (Naik 2020) and offered 
free subscriptions to all students for a few months during lockdown 
via their libraries (Young 2020). Of course, an offer of a free trial was 
not new to Perlego. It was its standard marketing practice to students 
directly before the pandemic in partnership with private compa-
nies but the difference this time was that it did it through libraries. 
Perlego started to approach institutions directly and engaged with 
librarians. Librarians asked their students to sign up for a free Per-
lego subscription. When this trial was over, Perlego offered a cheaper 
rate for libraries to buy bulk licenses for their students.

This was a huge turnaround. Its marketing focus had moved 
from individuals to institutions, and this enabled universities to buy 
Perlego subscriptions on behalf of their students. Many librarians, 



LISTEN AND LEARN SESSIONS  283

especially small libraries with weak e-book provisions, were quick-
ly taking up subscriptions for their students during the pandemic 
hence Perlego’s new indirect selling model via institutions pushed 
a huge increase in their sales  (Naik 2020). Perlego became popular 
in theological seminary libraries and now just under 20% of institu-
tional ABTAPL (Association of British Theological and Philosophical 
Libraries, https://abtapl.org.uk) members have purchased over 3,000 
licences according to Perlego (pers. comm., June 2023). 

Librarians became an agent to deal with Perlego licences and the 
licence distributor to their students. The librarian previously men-
tioned above, who had been questioned about her value quickly 
became a project leader for her institution to work with Perlego 
e-books. Furthermore, she not only negotiated the licence fees and 
monitors usage, but also facilitates the reading list creation and 
worked closely with academics to collaborate on reading list man-
agement (Anonymous 2021). This was also testified by another librar-
ian who shared her experience of using Perlego. It allows faculty to 
engage with librarians much more easily through their reading list 
menu called Workspace (Naik 2020; Thurm 2023).

Is this success of Perlego simply down to pure luck, being in the 
right place and at the right time due to the COVID pandemic? There 
is more to Perlego as it continues to expand.  

BENEFITS

The advantages of Perlego will be examined from the perspective 
of various stakeholders: users, publishers, institutions and lastly, 
libraries.

Users’ Perspective 
The Perlego portal offers great ease of use and compatibility with all 
devices. It is uncomplicated to sign up and painless to unsubscribe 
to. The web portal is effortless to navigate. Users can access it re-
motely anywhere and at any time with a simple login. Also, it offers 
offline access to 30 downloads which allows users to read without 
Wi-Fi, does not expire as long as your subscription is valid, and the 
downloaded contents are easily swapped anytime. This online and 
offline availability is ideal for distance learning students, especially 
internationals. In addition, the e-book reading page setup is straight-
forward and consistent to view. 

https://abtapl.org.uk


284  ATLA 2023 PROCEEDINGS

This is a very different experience for users compared to general 
library e-book provisions. For library e-books, depending on publish-
ers or database providers, often the e-reader format tends to differ 
book by book and users have to be accustomed to this inconsistency. 
Even after downloading e-books to read offline, access might last only 
for a few days or few weeks, varying title by title. This complication 
is due to publishers’ and vendors’ contracts and provision. It is very 
confusing to users. However, even though over one million books 
are on offer in Perlego, all e-books are in one simple format. This is 
a huge advantage over institutional library e-books.

Also, with one million titles the collection coverage is extensive, 
and many key textbooks are by reputable educational publishers 
like Routledge and Harvard University Press. It offers one million 
titles from over 5,000 publishers, across 900 topics in six languages, 
which allows students to read comprehensively across multiple dis-
ciplinaries in a pleasant portal. Some titles which are not available 
for institutions to purchase as e-books are also offered on Perlego. 

In addition, the Perlego e-reader is very visual. Its sleek and clean 
design appeals especially to young users who are digitally receptive. 
It is attractive to look at and easy to move around, giving a pleasing 
experience to navigate. In June 2023, I interviewed a young library 
intern in Houston and this history student was so impressed with 
the appearance of Perlego she claimed that she would take out a 
subscription straightaway after browsing only for a few minutes 
(Anonymous 2023).

Perlego’s affordability is a strong selling point to users. According 
to the Office of National Statistics in the UK, “more than three-quar-
ters (78%) of students were concerned that the rising cost of living 
may affect how well they perform in their studies.” (Johnston and 
Westwood 2023) In the report of Student Money Survey 2022, stu-
dents’ total spend in a typical month is $119 in 2022 which is a 14 % 
increase from 2021 in England. They spend $21 per month on course 
materials (Brown 2022). In the States, Hanson (2022) stated that 
“25% of students reported they worked extra hours to pay for their 
books and materials: 11% skipped meals in order to afford books 
and course materials.”  Steylemans (2022) also claimed that “35% 
of students earn poor grades because of textbook costs, and 65% 
skipped buying them in 2021.” Therefore $18 per month on a Perlego 
subscription for over one million titles is reasonable for students. 



LISTEN AND LEARN SESSIONS  285

The last appealing element to users is that it has nailed it with 
the issues which are close to the student’s hearts. According to Stey-
lemans (2022), Gauthier, CEO, said Perlego was founded “to help 
make learning more accessible and affordable for all.” Perlego’s UK 
website talks about accessibility and sustainability heavily. Perlego 
offers wonderful accessibility tools which are easy to use with many 
features. It promotes that digital books mean no paper waste. It is 
keen to claim that taking out a subscription contributes to sustain-
ability and the environment. 

Publishers’ Perspective
Perlego knows how to work with publishers, especially small ones. 
For many small publishers without the infrastructure and resources 
to publish institutional e-books, Perlego offers an excellent alterna-
tive to make their publications available digitally by providing PDFs 
of their books. This simplicity allows the publishers to outsource 
digital publications to Perlego. These publishers are small fish in a 
big pond and Perlego offers a worldwide digital platform. This is the 
main reason why so many theology and religion titles are available 
in Perlego (pers. comm., June 2023).

Also, Perlego provides publishers’ anonymised aggregated data 
on market trends and shares sales reports of usage and interaction 
figures with in-depth demographic and geographic data, which helps 
the publisher to make more data-driven decisions on publishing 
(Naik 2020).  

Next is piracy. Steylemans (2022) pointed out that more than one 
billion publications were illegally downloaded each year; thus, pub-
lisher revenue dropped by 23%. Also, he reported that “in 2021 Per-
lego intercepted searches for more than 2.5 million planned illegal 
downloads.” With this effort, Perlego successfully persuaded pub-
lishers to legitimize this by making these e-book downloads avail-
able on its platform, and by removing the cost burden of printing 
and distribution by publishers themselves. In this way, publishers 
can benefit from sales by recapturing untapped opportunities in this 
digital world by just providing their PDFs (Perlego n.d.).

Theological Institutions’ Perspective 
Perlego has five winning formulas for them. 

Firstly, a simple purchasing model. Unlike traditional e-resource 
purchasing, its streaming service is common and familiar to man-



286  ATLA 2023 PROCEEDINGS

agement. This business practice is easily comprehensible by non-
library staff as Perlego explains everything in plain English and 
does not use jargon. This makes it more appealing to management 
and administrators. As they can understand Perlego, they are more 
likely to want to have it.

Secondly, wide and quality collection coverage. Popularity in 
researching multidisciplinary subjects has become a new trend in 
academia, hence its wide coverage has desirability in theology ed-
ucation. Over one million quality titles are far more than you can 
possibly hold in a small library. It appeals and is very good value for 
money.

Next, a new funding provision. A Perlego subscription might not 
necessarily be cheaper overall especially if student numbers are 
high, but its individual monthly costing model enables many insti-
tutions to transfer the subscription cost to students directly. This is 
done by including the Perlego fee in student’s tuition fees rather than 
taking it out from the library budget. 

Additionally, enhanced collaboration. Ease and intuitiveness of 
use is also beneficial to non-library staff, especially academics. Also, 
Perlego provides marketing/training materials to enable this. These 
characteristics lower the barrier and allow teaching staff to get in-
volved easily so it has given libraries a new way to engage with them 
regarding course materials and help them to think more about ac-
cessibility. 

Furthermore, Perlego offers many useful built-in tools. Equipped 
with a specially developed built-in study application such as a read-
ing list management tool (called Workspace), one-click referencing, 
and a new digital Notebook, it has risen from a simple e-textbook 
streaming service to an educational platform. For small institutions 
which could not afford to pay for all these digital tools and e-books, 
Perlego offers their central digital learning platform.

Librarians’ Perspective
Librarians prioritize their users: meeting users’ needs and providing 
the best solution is their goal. If what Perlego offers meets the needs 
of users instantly in a legitimate way, with a vast amount of quality 
materials remotely at an affordable price, it is hard to argue against. 
Perlego ticks all the right boxes. 

Also, it enables libraries to fill gaps in the collection instantly and 
economically. For example, a librarian emailed the Association of 



LISTEN AND LEARN SESSIONS  287

British Theological and Philosophical Libraries (ABTAPL) group mail-
ing list to get some collective wisdom. He was after an e-book and 
said that this title was seemingly impossible to get as an institutional 
library. The suggested alternative option was to take out a Perlego 
subscription for the duration of the module being taught. This was a 
cheap and cheerful solution which could be resolved straightaway.

Moreover, being an instant and flexible provision is a great ben-
efit. Bulk buying functionality allows instant access to its collections. 
Purchasing licenses is so simple and it is easy to distribute its licences 
to students, transferrable to the next cohort painlessly. After college, 
if a student wishes to continue with their Perlego subscription per-
sonally, they can keep their own account by paying the fee directly 
to Perlego from its website. 

Not only is the simplicity of the purchasing model attractive to 
management and administration but also to librarians as it saves 
lots of time and administrative work with no need of looking into 
different vendors to see availability and compare costs of different 
licensing and credit options. 

In addition, as it is easy to use, work with, and train staff, Per-
lego lowers the barrier for anyone to get involved in the library e-
resource provision. Therefore, Perlego allows a new way to engage 
with lecturers regarding course materials, helping them to create 
reading lists conveniently with less training. It has enhanced the re-
lationship between faculty and library staff (Thurm 2023). 

Lastly, Perlego provides excellent customer service. Compared to 
traditional vendors, Perlego is immensely helpful and responsive. 
Its chat box is available from the platform to students, academics, 
and librarians alike (Thurm 2023). Its customer service deals direct-
ly with subscribers, so libraries have fewer problems to deal with 
from users.

LIMITATIONS

With all its benefits, Perlego is not without its limitations.
The first concern is collection dependency. Although institutions 

and libraries are welcome to make new book suggestions, and Per-
lego is actively collecting reading lists, it does not provide all the 
titles which are required for teaching and research. Also, all librar-
ies with Perlego offer undifferentiated and identical e-collections. 
Libraries cannot build their strength and specialty in e-book collec-



288  ATLA 2023 PROCEEDINGS

tions. It is tricky to get the balance right between renting and owning 
collections and meeting current needs verses long-term collection 
development in a digital landscape, with many factors to consider. 
Therefore, each librarian must confidently determine what is best 
for their library and community of users.

Kotext and Bibliu are competitors in this textbook streaming mar-
ket, but Perlego is by far the leading runner (Steylemans 2022).  This 
means that there is always the danger of a domineering company 
overcontrolling the sector due to power concentration, for example, 
price hikes, change in purchasing practice and degradation of cus-
tomer service.   

The upside of a fixed subscription is simplicity to understand and 
easy to work with but on the other hand it has no flexibility to al-
low different options to choose from.  For example, a library might 
want to have only the “theology and religion” topic to cut costs. Some 
might want to handpick certain topics rather than having all one 
million titles.    

There are some mechanical limitations built in Perlego. It doesn’t 
give pagination numbers for referencing. This takes faculty and par-
ticularly students time to get used to. Perlego is working on solving 
this problem. Also, its referencing tool is not as good as referencing 
management systems, such as Mendeley, RefWorks, and EndNotes. 
In the same way, their reading list tool is not as specialized as read-
ing list software like Talis.

The last hinderance is that as libraries lose specialization in their 
collections, librarians also in their professions. It is too easy to be 
used and managed by non-library staff and as library collections are 
identical it is less appreciated.      

CONCLUSION

When Perlego started off its business model by excluding libraries, 
it looked more like a foe to information professionals, but it has be-
come a friend since the COVID-19 pandemic. As Spotify and Netflix 
are now part of daily life, Perlego might stay regardless of whether 
the education industry likes it or not. It has spread its wings to Eu-
rope (Tucker 2021) and expansion into America with funds raised by 
Mediahuis Ventures (Steylemans 2022). By 2022 it has attracted over 
400,000 users from more than 6,000 institutions in 172 countries, 40% 
of whom are in the US. In 2021 alone, Perlego saw 450% subscriber 



LISTEN AND LEARN SESSIONS  289

growth. Its growth and success are inevitable considering the rapid 
digital shift accelerated in the education sector by the pandemic. 

Given this is the case, it will be better for libraries to keep it as a 
friend and work together. However, we all know that friendship does 
not always last forever. It is important for us to watch carefully as to 
what this new product will bring to library and information profes-
sionals’ lives in the future. 

One last interesting point to consider is this. For places like Pak-
istan, which is ranked seventh in the World Watch List by Open 
Doors as the most extreme persecution for Christians (Open Doors 
2023), selling and buying Christian theological books might result 
in many difficulties. Therefore, Christian theological seminaries in 
this county heavily rely on donations from overseas (Younas 2023). 
The logistics of collecting surplus printed books and shipping them 
to these seminaries has proven very tough with various obstacles. 
In a situation where political unsettlement, oppression of religious 
freedom, freight complication, bribery and corruption, and admin-
istrative bureaucracy are persistent, Perlego might be the ideal, or 
only feasible, option to support these seminaries. 

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