id	sid	tid	token	lemma	pos
ajis02-346	1	1	editorial	editorial	NOUN
ajis02-346	1	2	this	this	PRON
ajis02-346	1	3	is	be	AUX
ajis02-346	1	4	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	1	5	first	first	ADJ
ajis02-346	1	6	issue	issue	NOUN
ajis02-346	1	7	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	1	8	volume	volume	NOUN
ajis02-346	1	9	5	5	NUM
ajis02-346	1	10	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	1	11	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	1	12	australian	australian	ADJ
ajis02-346	1	13	journal	journal	NOUN
ajis02-346	1	14	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	1	15	information	information	NOUN
ajis02-346	1	16	systems	system	NOUN
ajis02-346	1	17	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	2	1	as	as	ADP
ajis02-346	2	2	editor	editor	NOUN
ajis02-346	2	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	2	4	i	i	PRON
ajis02-346	2	5	am	be	AUX
ajis02-346	2	6	pleased	pleased	ADJ
ajis02-346	2	7	to	to	PART
ajis02-346	2	8	report	report	VERB
ajis02-346	2	9	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	2	10	on	on	ADV
ajis02-346	2	11	-	-	PUNCT
ajis02-346	2	12	going	go	VERB
ajis02-346	2	13	interest	interest	NOUN
ajis02-346	2	14	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	2	15	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	2	16	journal	journal	NOUN
ajis02-346	2	17	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	2	18	both	both	CCONJ
ajis02-346	2	19	from	from	ADP
ajis02-346	2	20	authors	author	NOUN
ajis02-346	2	21	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	2	22	more	more	ADV
ajis02-346	2	23	recently	recently	ADV
ajis02-346	2	24	from	from	ADP
ajis02-346	2	25	a	a	DET
ajis02-346	2	26	number	number	NOUN
ajis02-346	2	27	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	2	28	international	international	ADJ
ajis02-346	2	29	conferences	conference	NOUN
ajis02-346	2	30	who	who	PRON
ajis02-346	2	31	have	have	AUX
ajis02-346	2	32	kindly	kindly	ADV
ajis02-346	2	33	agreed	agree	VERB
ajis02-346	2	34	to	to	PART
ajis02-346	2	35	advertise	advertise	VERB
ajis02-346	2	36	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	2	37	journal	journal	NOUN
ajis02-346	2	38	to	to	ADP
ajis02-346	2	39	their	their	PRON
ajis02-346	2	40	participants	participant	NOUN
ajis02-346	2	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	3	1	our	our	PRON
ajis02-346	3	2	first	first	ADJ
ajis02-346	3	3	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	4	a	a	DET
ajis02-346	3	5	comparison	comparison	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	6	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	3	7	five	five	NUM
ajis02-346	3	8	alternative	alternative	ADJ
ajis02-346	3	9	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	10	to	to	ADP
ajis02-346	3	11	information	information	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	12	systems	system	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	13	development	development	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	14	rudy	rudy	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	15	hirschheim	hirschheim	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	3	17	university	university	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	18	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	3	19	houston	houston	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	20	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	3	21	juhani	juhani	ADJ
ajis02-346	3	22	livari	livari	ADJ
ajis02-346	3	23	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	3	24	university	university	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	25	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	3	26	oulu	oulu	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	27	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	3	28	heinz	heinz	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	29	klein	klein	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	30	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	3	31	suny	suny	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	32	university	university	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	33	binghampton	binghampton	PROPN
ajis02-346	3	34	compares	compare	VERB
ajis02-346	3	35	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	3	36	contrast	contrast	VERB
ajis02-346	3	37	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	3	38	major	major	ADJ
ajis02-346	3	39	developmental	developmental	ADJ
ajis02-346	3	40	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	41	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	3	42	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	3	43	light	light	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	44	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	3	45	emerging	emerge	VERB
ajis02-346	3	46	technologies	technology	NOUN
ajis02-346	3	47	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	4	1	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	4	2	authors	author	NOUN
ajis02-346	4	3	provide	provide	VERB
ajis02-346	4	4	both	both	DET
ajis02-346	4	5	background	background	NOUN
ajis02-346	4	6	as	as	ADV
ajis02-346	4	7	well	well	ADV
ajis02-346	4	8	as	as	ADP
ajis02-346	4	9	future	future	ADJ
ajis02-346	4	10	trends	trend	NOUN
ajis02-346	4	11	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	4	12	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	4	13	approaches	approach	NOUN
ajis02-346	4	14	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	5	1	our	our	PRON
ajis02-346	5	2	second	second	ADJ
ajis02-346	5	3	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	4	assessing	assess	VERB
ajis02-346	5	5	software	software	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	6	cost	cost	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	7	estimation	estimation	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	8	models	model	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	9	:	:	PUNCT
ajis02-346	5	10	criteria	criterion	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	11	for	for	ADP
ajis02-346	5	12	accuracy	accuracy	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	13	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	5	14	consistency	consistency	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	15	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	5	16	regression	regression	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	17	bruce	bruce	PROPN
ajis02-346	5	18	lo	lo	PROPN
ajis02-346	5	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	5	20	xiangzhu	xiangzhu	PROPN
ajis02-346	5	21	gao	gao	PROPN
ajis02-346	5	22	provides	provide	VERB
ajis02-346	5	23	two	two	NUM
ajis02-346	5	24	new	new	ADJ
ajis02-346	5	25	models	model	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	26	:	:	PUNCT
ajis02-346	5	27	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	5	28	weighted	weight	VERB
ajis02-346	5	29	mean	mean	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	30	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	5	31	quartiles	quartile	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	32	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	5	33	die	die	VERB
ajis02-346	5	34	standard	standard	ADJ
ajis02-346	5	35	deviation	deviation	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	36	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	5	37	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	5	38	ratios	ratio	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	39	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	5	40	estimates	estimate	NOUN
ajis02-346	5	41	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	6	1	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	6	2	results	result	NOUN
ajis02-346	6	3	suggest	suggest	VERB
ajis02-346	6	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajis02-346	6	5	these	these	DET
ajis02-346	6	6	new	new	ADJ
ajis02-346	6	7	measures	measure	NOUN
ajis02-346	6	8	may	may	AUX
ajis02-346	6	9	overcome	overcome	VERB
ajis02-346	6	10	some	some	PRON
ajis02-346	6	11	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	6	12	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	6	13	hitherto	hitherto	NOUN
ajis02-346	6	14	found	find	VERB
ajis02-346	6	15	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN
ajis02-346	6	16	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	7	1	our	our	PRON
ajis02-346	7	2	third	third	ADJ
ajis02-346	7	3	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	4	is	be	AUX
ajis02-346	7	5	entitled	entitle	VERB
ajis02-346	7	6	a	a	DET
ajis02-346	7	7	pilot	pilot	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	8	study	study	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	9	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	7	10	small	small	ADJ
ajis02-346	7	11	business	business	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	12	's	's	PART
ajis02-346	7	13	perception	perception	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	14	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	7	15	vendor	vendor	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	16	provided	provide	VERB
ajis02-346	7	17	services	service	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	18	:	:	PUNCT
ajis02-346	7	19	are	be	AUX
ajis02-346	7	20	these	these	PRON
ajis02-346	7	21	associated	associate	VERB
ajis02-346	7	22	with	with	ADP
ajis02-346	7	23	small	small	ADJ
ajis02-346	7	24	business	business	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	25	it	it	PRON
ajis02-346	7	26	educational	educational	ADJ
ajis02-346	7	27	requirements	requirement	NOUN
ajis02-346	7	28	?	?	PUNCT
ajis02-346	8	1	rob	rob	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	2	macgregor	macgregor	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	3	&	&	CCONJ
ajis02-346	8	4	deborah	deborah	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	5	bunker	bunker	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	6	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	8	7	university	university	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	8	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	8	9	wollongong	wollongong	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	10	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	8	11	joan	joan	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	12	pierson	pierson	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	8	14	karen	karen	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	15	forcht	forcht	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	16	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	8	17	james	james	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	18	madison	madison	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	19	university	university	PROPN
ajis02-346	8	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	9	1	this	this	DET
ajis02-346	9	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	3	examines	examine	VERB
ajis02-346	9	4	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	9	5	type	type	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	6	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	9	7	it	it	PRON
ajis02-346	9	8	training	training	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	9	required	require	VERB
ajis02-346	9	10	by	by	ADP
ajis02-346	9	11	small	small	ADJ
ajis02-346	9	12	business	business	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	13	managers	manager	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	9	15	questions	question	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	16	whether	whether	SCONJ
ajis02-346	9	17	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	9	18	type	type	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	19	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	9	20	required	required	ADJ
ajis02-346	9	21	training	training	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	22	is	be	AUX
ajis02-346	9	23	associated	associate	VERB
ajis02-346	9	24	with	with	ADP
ajis02-346	9	25	satisfaction	satisfaction	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	26	with	with	ADP
ajis02-346	9	27	vendor	vendor	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	28	services	service	NOUN
ajis02-346	9	29	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	10	1	graham	graham	PROPN
ajis02-346	10	2	pervan	pervan	PROPN
ajis02-346	10	3	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	10	4	curtin	curtin	PROPN
ajis02-346	10	5	university	university	PROPN
ajis02-346	10	6	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	10	7	technology	technology	NOUN
ajis02-346	10	8	provides	provide	VERB
ajis02-346	10	9	our	our	PRON
ajis02-346	10	10	next	next	ADJ
ajis02-346	10	11	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	10	12	entitled	entitle	VERB
ajis02-346	10	13	information	information	NOUN
ajis02-346	10	14	systems	system	NOUN
ajis02-346	10	15	management	management	NOUN
ajis02-346	10	16	:	:	PUNCT
ajis02-346	10	17	an	an	DET
ajis02-346	10	18	australasian	australasian	ADJ
ajis02-346	10	19	view	view	NOUN
ajis02-346	10	20	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	10	21	key	key	ADJ
ajis02-346	10	22	issues	issue	NOUN
ajis02-346	10	23	1996	1996	NUM
ajis02-346	10	24	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	11	1	this	this	DET
ajis02-346	11	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	11	3	is	be	AUX
ajis02-346	11	4	part	part	NOUN
ajis02-346	11	5	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	11	6	a	a	DET
ajis02-346	11	7	longitudinal	longitudinal	ADJ
ajis02-346	11	8	study	study	NOUN
ajis02-346	11	9	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	12	1	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	12	2	key	key	ADJ
ajis02-346	12	3	issues	issue	NOUN
ajis02-346	12	4	revealed	reveal	VERB
ajis02-346	12	5	include	include	VERB
ajis02-346	12	6	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	12	7	need	need	NOUN
ajis02-346	12	8	for	for	ADP
ajis02-346	12	9	a	a	DET
ajis02-346	12	10	technology	technology	NOUN
ajis02-346	12	11	/	/	SYM
ajis02-346	12	12	business	business	NOUN
ajis02-346	12	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	12	14	people	people	NOUN
ajis02-346	12	15	skill	skill	NOUN
ajis02-346	12	16	mix	mix	NOUN
ajis02-346	12	17	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	12	18	is	be	AUX
ajis02-346	12	19	executives	executive	NOUN
ajis02-346	12	20	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	13	1	our	our	PRON
ajis02-346	13	2	next	next	ADJ
ajis02-346	13	3	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	4	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	13	5	role	role	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	6	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	13	7	conferences	conference	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	8	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	13	9	refereed	refereed	ADJ
ajis02-346	13	10	journals	journal	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	11	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	13	12	australian	australian	ADJ
ajis02-346	13	13	information	information	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	14	systems	system	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	15	research	research	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	16	by	by	ADP
ajis02-346	13	17	gail	gail	PROPN
ajis02-346	13	18	ridley	ridley	PROPN
ajis02-346	13	19	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	13	20	university	university	PROPN
ajis02-346	13	21	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	13	22	tasmania	tasmania	PROPN
ajis02-346	13	23	reports	report	VERB
ajis02-346	13	24	on	on	ADP
ajis02-346	13	25	a	a	DET
ajis02-346	13	26	survey	survey	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	27	conducted	conduct	VERB
ajis02-346	13	28	across	across	ADP
ajis02-346	13	29	australian	australian	ADJ
ajis02-346	13	30	academics	academic	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	31	as	as	ADP
ajis02-346	13	32	to	to	ADP
ajis02-346	13	33	their	their	PRON
ajis02-346	13	34	perceptions	perception	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	35	concerning	concern	VERB
ajis02-346	13	36	conferences	conference	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	37	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	13	38	journals	journal	NOUN
ajis02-346	13	39	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	14	1	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	14	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	14	3	also	also	ADV
ajis02-346	14	4	compares	compare	VERB
ajis02-346	14	5	its	its	PRON
ajis02-346	14	6	results	result	NOUN
ajis02-346	14	7	with	with	ADP
ajis02-346	14	8	north	north	ADJ
ajis02-346	14	9	american	american	ADJ
ajis02-346	14	10	data	datum	NOUN
ajis02-346	14	11	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	15	1	our	our	PRON
ajis02-346	15	2	final	final	ADJ
ajis02-346	15	3	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	15	4	is	be	AUX
ajis02-346	15	5	entided	entide	VERB
ajis02-346	15	6	executive	executive	ADJ
ajis02-346	15	7	support	support	NOUN
ajis02-346	15	8	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	15	9	information	information	NOUN
ajis02-346	15	10	technology	technology	NOUN
ajis02-346	15	11	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	15	12	information	information	NOUN
ajis02-346	15	13	systems	system	NOUN
ajis02-346	15	14	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	15	15	australian	australian	ADJ
ajis02-346	15	16	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
ajis02-346	15	17	:	:	PUNCT
ajis02-346	15	18	an	an	DET
ajis02-346	15	19	empirical	empirical	ADJ
ajis02-346	15	20	study	study	NOUN
ajis02-346	15	21	by	by	ADP
ajis02-346	15	22	graeme	graeme	PROPN
ajis02-346	15	23	rose	rise	VERB
ajis02-346	15	24	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	15	25	charles	charles	PROPN
ajis02-346	15	26	sturt	sturt	PROPN
ajis02-346	15	27	university	university	PROPN
ajis02-346	15	28	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	15	29	robert	robert	PROPN
ajis02-346	15	30	reeve	reeve	PROPN
ajis02-346	15	31	,	,	PUNCT
ajis02-346	15	32	macquarie	macquarie	PROPN
ajis02-346	15	33	university	university	PROPN
ajis02-346	15	34	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	16	1	this	this	DET
ajis02-346	16	2	paper	paper	NOUN
ajis02-346	16	3	examined	examine	VERB
ajis02-346	16	4	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	16	5	concepts	concept	NOUN
ajis02-346	16	6	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	16	7	executive	executive	ADJ
ajis02-346	16	8	participation	participation	NOUN
ajis02-346	16	9	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	16	10	executive	executive	ADJ
ajis02-346	16	11	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ajis02-346	16	12	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	16	13	their	their	PRON
ajis02-346	16	14	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ajis02-346	16	15	on	on	ADP
ajis02-346	16	16	progressive	progressive	ADJ
ajis02-346	16	17	use	use	NOUN
ajis02-346	16	18	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	16	19	it	it	PRON
ajis02-346	16	20	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	16	21	australian	australian	ADJ
ajis02-346	16	22	hospitals	hospital	NOUN
ajis02-346	16	23	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	17	1	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	17	2	results	result	NOUN
ajis02-346	17	3	showed	show	VERB
ajis02-346	17	4	that	that	SCONJ
ajis02-346	17	5	there	there	PRON
ajis02-346	17	6	was	be	VERB
ajis02-346	17	7	a	a	DET
ajis02-346	17	8	strong	strong	ADJ
ajis02-346	17	9	relationship	relationship	NOUN
ajis02-346	17	10	between	between	ADP
ajis02-346	17	11	executive	executive	ADJ
ajis02-346	17	12	involvement	involvement	NOUN
ajis02-346	17	13	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	17	14	progressive	progressive	ADJ
ajis02-346	17	15	use	use	NOUN
ajis02-346	17	16	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	17	17	it	it	PRON
ajis02-346	17	18	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	18	1	once	once	ADV
ajis02-346	18	2	again	again	ADV
ajis02-346	18	3	i	i	PRON
ajis02-346	18	4	would	would	AUX
ajis02-346	18	5	like	like	VERB
ajis02-346	18	6	to	to	PART
ajis02-346	18	7	pass	pass	VERB
ajis02-346	18	8	on	on	ADP
ajis02-346	18	9	my	my	PRON
ajis02-346	18	10	thanks	thank	NOUN
ajis02-346	18	11	to	to	ADP
ajis02-346	18	12	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	18	13	authors	author	NOUN
ajis02-346	18	14	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	18	15	consulting	consult	VERB
ajis02-346	18	16	editors	editor	NOUN
ajis02-346	18	17	for	for	ADP
ajis02-346	18	18	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	18	19	high	high	ADJ
ajis02-346	18	20	quality	quality	NOUN
ajis02-346	18	21	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	18	22	material	material	NOUN
ajis02-346	18	23	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	18	24	this	this	DET
ajis02-346	18	25	issue	issue	NOUN
ajis02-346	18	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	19	1	i	i	PRON
ajis02-346	19	2	would	would	AUX
ajis02-346	19	3	also	also	ADV
ajis02-346	19	4	like	like	VERB
ajis02-346	19	5	to	to	PART
ajis02-346	19	6	thank	thank	VERB
ajis02-346	19	7	david	david	PROPN
ajis02-346	19	8	dodds	dodds	PROPN
ajis02-346	19	9	for	for	ADP
ajis02-346	19	10	his	his	PRON
ajis02-346	19	11	assistance	assistance	NOUN
ajis02-346	19	12	in	in	ADP
ajis02-346	19	13	producing	produce	VERB
ajis02-346	19	14	final	final	ADJ
ajis02-346	19	15	copy	copy	NOUN
ajis02-346	19	16	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	19	17	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	19	18	journal	journal	NOUN
ajis02-346	19	19	and	and	CCONJ
ajis02-346	19	20	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	19	21	maintenance	maintenance	NOUN
ajis02-346	19	22	of	of	ADP
ajis02-346	19	23	the	the	DET
ajis02-346	19	24	home	home	NOUN
ajis02-346	19	25	page	page	NOUN
ajis02-346	19	26	.	.	PUNCT
ajis02-346	20	1	r.	r.	PROPN
ajis02-346	20	2	macgregor	macgregor	PROPN
ajis02-346	20	3	editor	editor	PROPN
ajis02-346	20	4	ajis	ajis	ADV
ajis02-346	20	5	vol	vol	VERB
ajis02-346	20	6	5	5	NUM
ajis02-346	20	7	no	no	DET
ajis02-346	20	8	1	1	NUM
ajis02-346	20	9	september	september	NOUN
ajis02-346	20	10	1997	1997	NUM