# aps: A Pathfinder

This is a computer-generated pathfinder created against the Distant Reader study called aps.

Each Distant Reader study carrel is composed of many individual items. Each item is bibliographically described with author, title, date, summary, and keyword values. Below is a list of the items' most signficant keywords as well as lists of the items themselves. Purpusing the content of this pathfinder provides the student, researcher, or scholar with one way to get their heads around the scope of the carrel. The keywords include:

> Australia; Data; Abs; Census; Australian; Age; Studies; Years; Labour; Territory; Children; Year; Survey; Numbers; Botha; Demographic

Depending on how this pathfinder was created, many of the bibliographic sections will include elaborations on the meaning(s) of the given keywords. These elaborations were generated by feeding the items' summaries to a large langauge model and asking the model to address the question, "What is X?", where "X" is the keyword. The result will be a few sentences of elaboration. Be forewarned. The elaborations are often plausible, but they should not be take as truth. Instead, they should be taken as points for consideration.

## Australia

- Having babies in times of uncertainty: first results of the impact of COVID-19 on the number of babies born in Australia by Gray, Edith; Evans, Ann ; Reimondos, Anna (2022) - However, the exact nature of the impact on childbearing behaviour would remain a matter of speculation until birth data became available. Before birth data were available, researchers tried novel ways to predict the impact of the pandemic on births, including analysing Google search trends for terms related to pregnancies and newborns (Wilde et al. 2020). Keywords: abs; australia; births; covid-19; data; fertility; health; number; pandemic; perinatal; population; registration; state; uncertainty
- Residential mobility in Australia and the United States: a retrospective study by Bernard, Aude; Forder, Peta; Kendig, Hal; Byles, Julie (2017) - Australian Population Studies 1 (1) 2017 • Mean migration age (MMA) summarises migration age patterns by showing whether populations are moving early or late in life. Aims We seek to advance understanding of cross-national variations in levels of residential mobility by drawing on a newly proposed suite of cohort migration measures, coupled with the recent release of internationally comparable retrospective residential history data. Keywords: age; australia; bernard; cohort; countries; data; mean; migration; mobility; moves; population; states; united
- The continuing decline in cohort fertility and mixed evidence of narrowing educational differences by Gray, Edith; Lazzari, Ester (2023) - Key words Completed cohort fertility, fertility decline, education differentials. Further, Lazzari et al. (2021a) decomposed the overall change in completed cohort fertility into educational composition and education-specific fertility by the number of children for six countries. Keywords: australia; children; cohort; education; fertility; level; population; women; year
- Comparing rural and regional migration patterns of Australian medical general practitioners with other professions: implications for rural workforce strategies by Carson, Dean; Punshon, Katherine; McGrail, Matthew; Kippen, Rebecca (2017) - Nevertheless, a life stage framework which postulates that there are substantial opportunities for rural migration for younger and older workers, in particular, is a useful foundation for examining professional migration patterns. Clearly, arguments could be made that each profession will have its own enablers of, and constraints to, rural migration. Keywords: australia; career; carson; gps; health; migration; patterns; professionals; strategies; zone
- Urban, suburban and rural household density trends by Lieske, Scott (2017) - This DemoGraphic examines change over time in numbers of households and household density for the entirety of Australia. The methods used in this analysis for understanding changes in household density are based on Kolko (2015a, 2015b and 2016), who presents a method for analysing the share of households that live in census geographies with different densities. Keywords: australia; cities; density; households; population
- Elsewhere in Australia: a snapshot of temporary mobility on the night of the 2016 Census by Charles-Edwards, Elin; Panczak, Radoslaw (2018) - Key words Temporary population mobility; non-residents; spatiotemporal populations; service populations; migration; Census; Australia. This short paper explores the intensity and spatial pattern of temporary population mobility, along with the age and sex of movers, as captured by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2016 Keywords: age; australia; census; charles; data; mobility; movers; population; regions; sa4s
- Estimates of Australia’s non-heterosexual population by Wilson, Tom; Shalley, Fiona (2018) - Non-heterosexual population estimates 4.1 New estimates The extent to which the Australian population identifies as non-heterosexual, using the averaged findings from the three surveys, is shown in Table 1 below. The Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom asks a sexual identity question in its Annual Population Survey, which is sufficiently large (covering 41,000 households each quarter) to enable sexual identity population estimates to be produced for local authorities (ONS 2017). Keywords: australia; bisexual; census; cent; data; estimates; gay; health; lesbian; population; sex; survey; territory
- Improving population retention in northern Australia: clues from German-born Territorians by Maertens, Anita; Taylor, Andrew (2018) - German-born women had higher educational attainment than their male counterparts and other resident groups: 12 per cent of German-born women had postgraduate degrees compared to 6 per cent of their male counterparts and 7 per cent of all overseas- born NT residents. This was much higher than that for all overseas-born (38 years) and Australian-born (29 years) NT residents. Keywords: australia; cent; darwin; german; gts; northern; population; residents; respondents; taylor
- Introduction to the special section on Australia’s population policy by Wilson, Tom; Charles-Edwards, Elin; Corcoran, Jonathan (2018) - In the special commentary section of this issue three Australian demographers present their responses to the question ‘What sort of population policy should Australia adopt?’ Population issues and population policy debates periodically find themselves in the political and media spotlight, and recent months have seen a resurgence of interest in these topics. Keywords: australia; population
- Australia should continue its current comprehensive population policy – at least for the next decade by McDonald, Peter (2018) - Thus, migration greatly enhances the capacity for the occupational composition of Australia employment to respond to demand. In other words, Australian population policy does not take the form of specification of a target population level or even a target rate of population growth. Keywords: australia; mcdonald; migration; nom; policy; population; years
- What sort of population policy should Australia adopt? Suggestions for migration, fertility and population research policy by Parr, Nick (2018) - Commentary What sort of population policy should Australia adopt? • ministerial and departmental responsibility for the administration of population policy, and the coordination of policy formulation and implementation between Australia’s major jurisdictions. Keywords: abs; australia; change; cities; family; growth; migration; numbers; occupations; parr; policy; population; research; time
- A whole-of-government approach to population policy for Australia by Allen, Liz (2018) - Journal website: www.australianpopulationstudies.org Commentary A whole-of-government approach to population policy for Australia Liz Allen* The Australian National University * Corresponding author. The concept of population policies conjures notions of restrictive and coercive government interventions designed to control various aspects of people’s lives. Keywords: abs; allen; approach; august; australia; change; government; growth; immigration; policy; population
- Understanding the motivations for return migration in Australia by Parr, Angélique (2019) - Journal website: www.australianpopulationstudies.org Understanding the motivations for return migration in Australia Angélique Parr* The University of Queensland * Email: angelique.parr@uqconnect.edu.au. One type of move that is usually overlooked by traditional analyses is that of return migration. Keywords: australia; family; home; migration; people; place; population; reasons; return; studies
- An introduction to population projections for Australia by Wilson, Tom (2019) - Results The ABS and State and Territory Governments are the main producers of population projections and forecasts in Australia, and generally these projections are good quality. 42 Wilson Australian Population Studies 3 (1) 2019 Box 1: Projections terminology Jump-off year: the starting year of population projections; the year in which they ‘jump off’ into the demographic future. Keywords: abs; areas; australia; forecasts; government; migration; population; projections; series; state; territory; wilson
- Australia’s State Specific and Regional Migration Schemes: exploring permanent and temporary skilled migration outcomes in South Australia by Tan, George; Cebulla, Andreas; Ziersch, Anna; Taylor, Andrew (2019) - We extend the work of Khoo (2014) to compare skilled temporary migrants and permanent migrants to SA and analyse migration motivations, employment and future intentions in a regional migration scheme. In the Northern Territory for example, Alice Springs was successful in attracting skilled migrants to the health sector between 2006 and 2011, changing the demographic trajectory of the town (Taylor et al. 2014). Keywords: australia; employment; holders; migrants; migration; outcomes; population; survey; visa
- Visualising population distribution in Australia over time using rapid 3D web graphics libraries by Lock, Oliver; Pettit, Chris (2019) - Several systems have been developed to address the visualisation of detailed population data at a large scale by using methods which ameliorate effects of administrative population boundaries. Three dimensional techniques are a sensible choice for displaying population density, which has a natural perceptual association with its impact on the height and size of the built environment to support that density. Keywords: australia; census; data; pettit; population; visualisation
- Residential concentration patterns of immigrant groups in Australia’s major cities by Arringer, Renee; Sigler, Thomas; Charles-Edwards, Elin (2019) - Italian immigrant groups depart from this trend, fluctuating between dissimilarities of 30 and 40 for all cities, with group size remaining stagnant or decreasing. Journal website: www.australianpopulationstudies.org Residential concentration patterns of immigrant groups in Australia’s major cities Renee Arringer* The University of Queensland Thomas Sigler The University of Queensland Elin Charles-Edwards The University of Queensland * Corresponding author. Keywords: australia; dissimilarity; groups; immigrant
- Introduction to the special issue on population ageing in Australia by Piggott, John (2020) - Critical to the slowing of population ageing is Australia’s immigration policies, which are well targeted to keeping the population young. But if this were all we had, our popu... Critical to the slowing of population ageing is Australia’s immigration policies, which are well targeted to keeping the population young. Keywords: ageing; australia; population; research
- The changing migration patterns of the 65+ population in Australia, 1976-2016 by Borsellino, Rosabella (2020) - The ANMR is expressed as a percentage of half the absolute value of net migration summed across all regions over the population at risk of each group. The broad pattern of net migration for the 0-64 age group (Figure 4) and total population (Figure 5) was similar to that of the 65+ group, with gains along the east, south, and southwest coasts, and widespread losses in remote inland regions. Keywords: age; australia; census; decline; density; group; impact; migration; population; regions; total
- Widening inequalities in premature mortality in Australia, 2006-16 by Adair, Tim; Lopez, Alan (2020) - In Australia, previous analyses have focussed on mortality inequalities by socio-economic status and place of residence. The recent widening of mortality inequalities in Australia are a continuation of a similar trend in inequalities in avoidable mortality from 1986 to 2002, however the period covered by this study is typified by vastly slower, and even very recently stagnating, mortality decline than the earlier period (Korda et al. 2007). Keywords: abs; area; australia; cities; inequalities; mortality; population; ref; remote; socio; years
- To what extent is Australia’s population ageing? The application of traditional and alternative ageing measures by Wilson, Tom; Temple, Jeromey (2020) - Traditional measures of population ageing include the numbers and proportions aged 65 and over, the Elderly Dependency Ratio (the ratio of the population aged 65+ to those aged 20- 64), the Ageing Index (the ratio of the population aged 65+ to those aged 0-19), and median age (Hobbs 2004; Rowland 2003). Understanding the alternative ageing trends As shown above, population ageing can be measured in a variety of ways. Keywords: ageing; australia; life; measures; mortality; population; population ageing; rle<15; years
- Visualising Australia’s older population using grid maps by Kimpton, Anthony (2020) - There are four critical dimensions when examining population age structures, namely: (1) numbers; (2) characteristics and values; (3) proportions of the population in particular age groups; and (4) spatial distribution (Hugo 2003). For instance, the symbols scaled according to population structure reveal that there are areas without symbols, indicating that fewer than 1 percent of the gridded population are aged 65 or older. Keywords: age; australia; population
- Will my parents come to Australia when retired? Later-life transnational migration intentions of Chinese parents by Xiong , Xueying ; Han, Hoon (2020) - Conclusions This study examined how personal preferences, the personality of elderly parents, and differences in lifestyles between two generations impact the migration intentions of elderly Chinese parents regarding a potential move Australia after retirement. Key messages • The difference in adopted lifestyles between two generations (adult children and elderly parents) impacts on the transitional migration intention of elderly Chinese parents to Australia. Keywords: adult; australia; children; china; chinese; interviewee; life; lifestyle; living; migration; parents
- Living in more than one place: capturing dual-local lives in the 2026 Census by Charles-Edwards, Elin (2021) - The formulation used by the England and Wales censuses allows the identification of a range of dual-local arrangements including second homes, long-distance commuting, couples living apart together and children in shared custody arrangements. The 2020 United States census collected information on second homes (indirectly) as a by-product of its enumeration strategy. Keywords: address; arrangements; australia; census; data; homes; living; population; residence
- Population mobility, ‘usual residence’ and the census: the case of Australia’s grey nomads by Davies, Amanda; Prout Quicke, Sarah (2021) - With grey nomads not fitting into normative framings of usual residence and home, researchers have relied on discrete case study- based data to infer characteristics about the grey nomad population. This includes a diverse range of sub-population groups: those experiencing secondary homelessness1; seasonal labourers; backpackers; highly mobile Indigenous peoples; long- distance commuters; travelling show families and workers; permanent house-sitters, and; grey nomads (the focus of this paper). Keywords: abs; australia; census; davies; grey; home; nomads; population; residence; studies
- Why recording workforce mobility matters by Haslam McKenzie, Fiona (2021) - 20 Haslam McKenzie Australian Population Studies 5 (1) 2021 https://hdl.handle.net/10018/918860 https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2007.0Main+Features12011?OpenDocument https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/2007.0Main+Features12011?OpenDocument https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/historicaldata2011?opendocument&navpos=280 https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/historicaldata2011?opendocument&navpos=280 https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2020 https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2009.06.005 https://doi.org/10.1080/00049182.2017.1388761 https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.12043 https://hdl.handle.net/10018/918860 24 Haslam McKenzie Australian Population Studies 5 (1) 2021 Haslam McKenzie F & Hoath A (2014) Keywords: australia; communities; haslam; ldc; mckenzie; population; regional; western; work; workforce
- International migration and employment growth in Australia, 2011–2016 by McDonald, Peter (2017) - Key words Australia; labour demand; skilled migration; components of employment growth; global financial crisis (GFC). These well-timed changes in policy meant that as labour demand expanded in the 2000s, skilled migration could be ramped up effectively to meet the demand. Keywords: age; ages; australia; employment; growth; july; labour; migration; population
- Ethnicity, race or nation? Census classifications as barriers to the measurement of mixedness in Australia by Stevens, Catriona ; Fozdar, Farida (2021) - We acknowledge that the inclusion of racial terminology may be controversial, given Australia’s history, but point out that racial categories already exist, in the form of Indigenous classifications. Miri Song (2018) has argued that racial classification remains vital for academics and policy makers to understand racial difference and mixing. Keywords: australia; categories; census; classification; population; question; race
- Measuring area-level disadvantage in Australia: development of a locally sensitive indicator by Kerr, Jessica; Mavoa, Suzanne; Schroers, Ralf-Dieter; Eagleson, Serryn; Exeter, Daniel; Watkins, Alison; Thornton, Lukar (2021) - By calculating the mean value of IMD for three different levels of adjacent neighbourhoods, Rae developed a Nearest Neighbour IMD as an alternative method to interpret local level area deprivation. The methods we proposed in this research utilised existing SEIFA data and expanded upon current approaches to ranking areas to better capture relative disadvantage. Keywords: areas; australia; decile; disadvantage; level; methods; population; rankings; sa1s; seifa; state
- Beyond population growth: bringing connection, renewal and agency into regional development by McKenzie, Fiona; McKenzie, Fiona; McKenzie, Fiona (2021) - Five case studies are used to illustrate ways in which regional communities can experience successful economic and social outcomes without population growth. This article examines ways in which regional communities can experience renewal, foster innovation, and enhance community wellbeing without population growth. Keywords: australia; communities; community; development; government; growth; innovation; katanning; mckenzie; networks; place; population; regional; studies; towns
- Dissecting the drivers of rural demographic decline: the case of the New England & North West region of New South Wales by Argent, Neil (2021) - Rural population decline in the literature In the contemporary academic literature, rural population decline has generally been regarded as a long-running and almost natural phenomenon that commenced from the end of the famed post- WWII “long boom”. In tacit recognition of the interrelated nature of rural populations, land use and economy (see Brown & Argent 2016), a ‘desertification’ phenomenon was observed, where net population loss and demographic decline (e.g., loss of young cohorts, ‘left behind’ aged people) combined with public and private service withdrawals to effectively eviscerate the demographic, social and economic life of more remote regions and villages (Cawley 1994; Sorensen 1990). Keywords: argent; australia; england; new; new england; north; north west; population; region; rural; west
- Long term population decline and the impacts of COVID-19 in South Australia’s regions by Irving, Jacob; Horne, Sandy; Beer, Andrew (2021) - Key messages • Population decline has been occurring in remote South Australia for a long time and this trend looks set to continue. • Structural ageing and the loss of employment are significant causes of population decline in regional South Australia. This paper sets out to shed light on the nature, incidence and distribution of population decline in regional South Australia, paying attention to the processes of both demographic and economic change. Keywords: australia; decline; employment; loss; peninsula; population; regional; regions; south

## Data

- Demographers in a time of COVID by Johnstone, Kim (2022) - The fourth challenge is about Aboriginal demography and population data. I am alarmed by the glacial pace of change, and I find it disappointing that when I talk about Aboriginal data and population data, I’m mostly talking with other whitefellas. Keywords: covid; data; demographers; people; population; work; years
- How COVID changed the world of data by Leigh, Andrew (2023) - Analysing ABS mortality data for those years, Oxford’s Philip Clarke and I published research in BMJ: Global Health that studied the impact of lockdowns on mortality (Clarke and Leigh 2022). The articles have presented COVID mortality data by demographic characteristics. Keywords: abs; australian; covid; data; figure; health; leigh; mortality; new; pandemic; population; studies
- Reporting of housework hours in the Australian Census by Gray, Edith; Reimondos, Anna (2023) - However, if proxy reporting were a Australian Population Studies 7 (1) 2023 Gray & Reimondos 37 (a) Men (b) Women Figure 2: Distribution of hours of unpaid domestic work in Census 2021 and HILDA 2020 by age group and gender Source: ABS Census and HILDA survey data. Although women’s labour force participation has increased and traditional gender role attitudes have diminished over time, women still do the bulk of unpaid domestic work (Mills, et al. 2014). Keywords: abs; census; data; hilda; housework; unpaid; work
- Microsimulation for demography by Lomax, Nik; Smith, Andrew (2017) - Spielauer (2011) provides a good overview of microsimulation applications for the social sciences (including the differences between static and dynamic models); Li and O’Donoghue (2013) provide a comprehensive discussion of dynamic microsimulation models implemented across a range of settings. A survey of dynamic microsimulation models: uses, model structure and methodology. Keywords: age; data; ethnicity; example; fertility; lomax; microsimulation; model; mortality; population; projection; studies
- Modelling population flows using spatial interaction models by Dennett, Adam (2018) - Journal website: www.australianpopulationstudies.org an introduction to Modelling population flows using spatial interaction models Adam Dennett* University College London * Corresponding author. Results The full suite of Wilson’s family of spatial interaction models is fitted to the internal migration data, revealing that distance and origin/destination populations are some of the most important influencing factors affecting internal migration flows. Keywords: data; dennett; destination; distance; flows; interaction; migration; model; modelling; origin; poisson; population; studies
- Calculating a deprivation index using census data by Norman, Paul; Berrie, Laurie; Exeter, Daniel J (2019) - Introduction The use of area deprivation indexes is widespread across academic research and in local and national government applications (Allik et al. 2016). Deprivation indexes have their roots in census-based work in the UK, first by Holtermann (1975) and subsequently by Townsend (1987) and others. Keywords: areas; census; data; deprivation; exeter; health; index; norman; variables
- Toward making sexual and gender diverse populations count in Australia by Lyons, Anthony; Anderson, Joel; Rasmussen, Mary Lou; Gray, Edith (2020) - ABS (2019) ABS Media Statement on sexual orientation and gender identity questions and the 2021 Census. In addition, it suggests that for many sexual and gender diverse people, gender identity cannot be characterised simply by selecting one term from an inclusive list, but instead by being able to identify multiple, overlapping elements of identity. Keywords: australian; data; diverse; female; gay; gender; health; identity; lesbian; population; sex; surveys
- How to create an interactive dashboard using R: the example of the Queensland COVID-19 tracker by Loginova, Julia; Wohland , Pia (2020) - Abstract Background Interactive tools like data dashboards enable users both to view and interact with data. 3. Conclusions The aim of this introductory guide was to make it easier for researchers and other practitioners to incorporate data dashboards as a visual data communication tool into their work. Keywords: code; covid-19; dashboard; data; github; queensland
- Counting gender and sexual identity in the Australian census by Lyons, Anthony; Rasmussen, Mary Lou ; Anderson, Joel ; Gray, Edith (2021) - In this article, we outline why it is so important to include comprehensive gender and sexual identity questions in the census as well as several considerations that ought to be addressed in the course of including such questions. Statistics New Zealand, in writing about their decision to incorporate more questions on sex, gender identity and sexual orientation in their next census, note that data that captures the diversity of this population in terms of sex, gender identity, and sexual orientation has been very limited around the world. Keywords: australian; census; data; gender; identity; population; questions; sex
- Understanding ethnicity in contemporary Australia using the census by Allen, Liz (2021) - While no guarantees can be made to ensure ethnicity data (or census data more broadly) is not misused in the interpretation and use by the public, the proposed census additions do not make people more vulnerable to discrimination than the current census questions. There is a persistent fear, particularly among marginalised groups, that census data might be used to identify and discriminate against minority and vulnerable groups (Price 2016). Keywords: abs; ancestry; australian; census; data; ethnicity; identity; population; question
- A brief guide to producing a national population projection by Wilson, Tom; Rees, Philip (2021) - There are relatively few handbooks or websites which provide introductory advice on how to create population projections. It provides a very useful way of precisely locating the age, time and cohort extent of demographic stocks and flows in population projections (and, more generally, any demographic analysis). Keywords: age; assumptions; cohort; data; fertility; interval; migration; model; mortality; national; population; projections; rates; rees; time; wilson
- Indigenous Peoples and the Australian census: value, trust, and participation by Williamson, Bhiamie; Prehn, Jacob; Walter, Maggie; Lovett, Raymond; Bodkin-Andrews, Gawaian; Maher, Bobby; Lee-Ah Mat, Vanessa; Jones, Roxanne (2021) - Similarly, while the motives for the census are stated as “for electoral purposes; and to support activities of governments, business, and other users” Indigenous peoples have rarely, if ever, been considered as being among legitimate ‘users’ of census data (Walter, 2016). This complicated history and neglect of the unique data needs of Indigenous peoples has resulted in a sustained undercount of Indigenous peoples in the census (Andrews 2018; Markham & Biddle 2018; Taylor & Biddle 2010). Keywords: aboriginal; abs; australian; census; data; islander; nations; peoples; population; question; strait; studies; taylor; torres

## Abs

- Australian labour force changes under the reduced mobility of COVID-19 by Martinus, Kirsten (2022) - Figure 1: National unemployment rate (%), labour force participation rates (%) and job vacancies (‘000s) Note: Darker green is improvement in labour participation rates (increase), darker blue is worsening (decrease). Keywords: abs; australian; force; labour; participation; rate; state; territories; territory; unemployment
- Were there really 1 million unoccupied dwellings in Australia on census night 2021? by Wilson, Tom; Zou, Frank; Sigler, Thomas (2022) - The subtotal from data inputs 1-4 provides an estimate of the number of private dwelling residents temporarily away from home. Second, because we wished to calculate the number of private dwelling residents only, we then subtracted the estimated number of non-private dwelling residents temporarily away. Keywords: abs; basis; census; census night; dwellings; night; number; residence; residents
- Recent changes to the Indigenous population geography of Australia: evidence from the 2016 Census by Markham, Francis; Biddle, Nicholas (2018) - Indigenous population increase The Indigenous population increased rapidly between 2011 and 2016. Key words Indigenous population growth; identification change; ABS Census; Indigenous population geography; Australia. Keywords: aboriginal; abs; australian; census; cent; growth; population; torres
- Visualising the internal migration of the mainland China-born population between Australian capital cities over time by Wang, Siqin; Corcoran, Jonathan; Liu, Yan; Sigler, Thomas (2018) - Our DemoGraphic is a series of three directional circular plots (Abel 2016) that depict the system of internal migration flows representing the relative size and direction of internal migration movements (Figure 1, page 58). The absolute volume of internal migration between capital cities has increased 340 per cent over the decade. Keywords: abs; migration; population
- The cessation of rising employment rates at older ages in Australia, 2000-2019 by McDonald, Peter; Moyle, Helen (2020) - There were strong associations between older age employment and various socio-economic characteristics, but, in general, changes in the composition of the population or in the rates of employment by these characteristics did not contribute to the cessation of rising employment after 2010. Key words Older age employment, Australia, labour demand, superannuation, gender differences. Keywords: abs; age; ages; employment; labour; population; rates
- Same-sex marriage and remarriage in Australia, 2018-2020 by Heley, Emma; Hewitt, Belinda (2022) - In 2018, same sex marriages were most common in the 50 and over age category, particularly for males, likely reflecting the pent-up demand for marriages amongst older couples in long term relationships (Greenwich & Robinson, 2018). The proportion of same-sex marriages declined from 5.5% of total marriages to 3.7% between 2018 and 2020. Keywords: abs; australian; proportion; remarriages; sex; sex marriages; studies; total; women

## Census

- How moving a box changed the religious landscape of Australia by Reimondos, Anna; Gray, Edith; Evans, Ann (2018) - Census respondents who answered ‘No Religion’ in 2016 had previously identified with a wide variety of other religions. However among those who did state a religion in 2011, the percentage who switched to ‘No Religion’ varied considerably. Keywords: census; question; religion
- Introduction to the census questions special issue by Wilson, Tom; Charles-Edwards, Elin; Corcoran, Jonathan; Loginova, Julia; Martinus, Kirsten (2021) - Published on 31 May 2021 In June 2020, the Australian Bureau of Statistics announced which new questions would be included in the 2021 Census of Population and Housing, as well as which existing questions would be dropped (ABS 2020). There will be new questions about defence force service and long-term health conditions, while the internet access question will no longer be asked given how widespread internet access has become. Keywords: census; questions

## Australian

- A multiregional sources of growth model for school enrolment projections by Raymer, James; Biddle, Nicholas; Guan, Qing (2017) - A multiregional sources of growth model for school enrolment projections James Raymer* The Australian National University Nicholas Biddle The Australian National University Qing Guan The Australian National University *Corresponding author. In this paper, we build on their ideas to improve school enrolment projections in the ACT. Keywords: act; australian; canberra; cohort; enrolment; government; level; model; population; projection; region; school; transition; ⎢ ⎢; ⎥ ⎥
- By what age do people experience familial death, and how has that changed over time? by Kippen, Rebecca (2022) - Based on average ages at marriage and birth (Carmichael 1988; Kippen 2006; ABS 2021c), her mother was born in 1971, and her father in 1969, and she is one of two children. Assumed to survive well into old age. Keywords: age; australian; death; years
- Health inequalities in the COVID pandemic: evidence from Australia by Leigh, Andrew (2022) - In the UK, those born overseas had higher death rates (ONS 2022). Figure 4 shows that in the first year of the pandemic, the age standardised COVID death rate for people born overseas was more than twice as high as that for those born in Australia. Keywords: australian; covid; deaths; health; leigh; mortality; pandemic; people; population
- Visualising the impact of COVID-19 on Australian SA3 populations by Grossman, Irina (2023) - Journal website: www.australianpopulationstudies.org Visualising the impact of COVID-19 on Australian SA3 populations Irina Grossman The University of Melbourne Email: irina.grossman@unimelb.edu.au. To investigate the potential impact of COVID-19 on SA3 populations the absolute percentage differences between the 2021 SA3 populations of the No-Covid Scenario and the 2021 SA3 ERPs were calculated. Keywords: areas; australian; populations; sa3
- Changing education, changing fertility: a decomposition of completed fertility in Australia by Gray, Edith; Evans, Ann (2019) - Similarly, in Denmark, Norway and Sweden education differences in cohort fertility have virtually disappeared in younger cohorts (Jalovaara et al. 2018; Andersson et al. 2009). It is suggested that educational differences in cohort fertility have all but disappeared in Nordic countries because their welfare-state policies focus on supporting gender equality and allowing men and women to combine family and work (Andersson et al. 2009; Kravdal and Rindfuss 2008). Keywords: australian; cohorts; education; effect; fertility; population; women; year

## Age

- Fifty years of plummeting cardiovascular death rates and implications for the individual by Trauer, James; Freak-Poli, Rosanne; Kippen, Rebecca; McNeil, John (2018) - D e m o G ra p h ic http://www.australianpopulationstudies.org/ mailto:james.trauer@monash.edu https://github.com/jtrauer/demography Australian Population Studies 2 (1) 2018 Trauer J, Freak-Poli R, Kippen R and McNeil J 53 Figure 1: Death rates by cause and cardiovascular death rates by age group from 1964–2014 in Australia Source: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2017). Cardiovascular death rates are steadily falling across all age groups, although the youngest age brackets have the greatest variation due to the noise associated with these very low rates (Figures 1, right panels). Keywords: age; death; mortality; rates
- Socio-economic changes in the age-patterns of childbearing in Australia by Lazzari, Ester (2019) - In developed countries, fertility has been progressively decreasing at younger ages and increasing at older ages, a phenomenon known as postponement (Kohler et al. 2002). Low socio-economic status was associated with entry into motherhood at younger ages, while high socio-economic status was associated with childbearing postponement and increased fertility at older ages. Keywords: age; socio; women
- Australian age-sex-specific COVID-19 mortality in international comparative perspective, to June 2020 by Kippen, Rebecca (2020) - In contrast, the following 11 developed countries had recorded COVID-19 death rates more than 50 times higher than that of Australia (above 200 deaths per million population), as at 30 June 2020: Belgium (842), United Kingdom (644), Spain (606), Italy (575), Sweden (528), France (456), United States (382), Netherlands (357), Ireland (352), Chile (298), and Canada (227) (calculated from WHO 2020; United Nations 2019). Death counts and population estimates were used to calculate COVID-19 death rates for each population by sex for age groups 0-49 (a broad grouping since COVID- 19 mortality under the age of 50 years was relatively low for all considered populations), 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, and 90+ years. Keywords: age; covid-19; mortality; population; sex

## Studies

- Introducing Australian Population Studies by Wilson, Tom; Charles-Edwards, Elin; Corcoran, Jonathan (2017) - Academic publishing is witnessing a growth in open access journals, and we are pleased to be part of this growing movement. Importantly, Australian Population Studies is open access, online and does not charge fees of any kind. Keywords: access; population; studies

## Years

- COVID-19 and the Australian labour market: how did older Australians fare during 2020? by Fry, Jane; Temple, Jeromey; McDonald, Peter; Blackham, Alysia (2021) - Results Older employment fell in April but recovered by December. This research complements the detailed evidence base on older labour force participation, including, but not limited to, the determinants, barriers and enablers of older employment, the role of workplaces and the efficiency of government policy in enabling participation and futures of labour supply (OECD 1998; Adair & Temple 2012; Yeatts et al. 2000). Keywords: covid-19; employment; force; hours; labour; march; period; points; population; pts; rate; workers; years

## Labour

- Special working arrangements to allow for care responsibilities in Australia: availability, usage and barriers by Temple, Jeromey; Dow, Briony; Baird, Marian (2019) - Stronger legislative arrangements are also required to enforce employers to grant carers flexible working arrangements. Working carers of older people: steps towards securing adequate support in Australia and England. Keywords: arrangements; barriers; carers; labour; leave; population; status; swa; work; working

## Territory

- Alternative methods of determining the number of House of Representatives seats for Australia’s territories by Wilson, Tom; Taylor, Andrew (2017) - Key words Commonwealth Electoral Act; Constitution; House of Representatives; Australia; seat entitlements; population projections; Northern Territory; Australian Capital Territory. Section 2 of the paper describes the process for calculating seat entitlements prescribed by current legislation, and models two alternative schemes in which the territories are not Australian Population Studies 1 (1) 2017 Wilson T and Taylor A 15 subject to inferior representation in the House of Representatives. Keywords: act; number; population; quota; seat; territory

## Children

- The flow of family transitions of Australian families by Pribesh, Shana; Usevitch, Matthew; Sigler, Elizabeth Koch; Heninger, Kaijsa Angerhofer; Yue, Yuanyuan; Dufur, Mikaela; Jarvis, Jonathan (2019) - The flow of family transitions of Australian families Shana Pribesh* Old Dominion University Matthew Usevitch Baylor College of Medicine Elizabeth Koch Sigler Brigham Young University Kaijsa Angerhofer Heninger Brigham Young University Yuanyuan Yue Old Dominion University Mikaela J Dufur Brigham Young University Jonathan A Jarvis Brigham Young University * Corresponding author. To highlight family structures and transitions Australian children experience, we use Sankey flow diagrams charting data from ‘Growing Up in Australia: The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC)’ (Gilding 2001). Keywords: children; family; parent

## Year

- Identifying different sources of school enrolment change in the Australian Capital Territory by Guan, Qing; Raymer, James; Gray, Edith (2022) - Journal website: www.australianpopulationstudies.org Identifying different sources of school enrolment change in the Australian Capital Territory Qing Guan* This approach allows users to track the sources of school enrolment change over time. Keywords: enrolment; school; students; year

## Survey

- Understanding survey data available for researchers working in ageing: the CEPAR Metadata Database on Ageing by Temple, Jeromey; Sousa , Tanara ; Williams, Ruth; Stiles, Jay; Brooke, Libby; Knight, Josh (2021) - For stage one, public repositories of Australian sample survey data were searched with the following inclusion criteria: sample survey data, unit-record files, publicly available, collected in 2010 or later and data related to participants aged 45 years and over. Key words Metadata; ageing; survey data; Australian Bureau of Statistics; data archive http://www.australianpopulationstudies.org/ mailto:Jeromey.Temple@unimelb.edu.au https://mspgh.unimelb.edu.au/centres-institutes/centre-for-health-policy/research-group/metadata-database https://mspgh.unimelb.edu.au/centres-institutes/centre-for-health-policy/research-group/metadata-database 66 Temple et al. Keywords: ageing; database; information; metadata; population; search; stage; survey

## Numbers

- Visualising the COVID-19 related disruptions to long-distance population mobility in Australia by Grossman, Irina; Wilson, Tom; Garber, Jonathan; Temple, Jeromey (2021) - The December 2020 circular chart displays the recovery in domestic air travel with the reforming of key inter-capital city links, particularly those between Melbourne, Sydney, and Brisbane. Recovery in Australian aviation activity has been led by domestic travel. Keywords: numbers; passenger; travel

## Botha

- Proposal of a short form self-reported financial wellbeing scale for inclusion in the 2026 Census by Botha, Ferdi; de New, John (2021) - Botha F, de New J P, and Nicastro N (2020) Developing a short form version of the Commonwealth Bank– Melbourne Institute reported financial wellbeing scale. 2. Proposed Census questions on financial wellbeing Based on a review of previous research (CFPB 2017; Muir et al. 2017; Netemeyer et al. 2018), Comerton-Forde et al. (2018 p. 6) defined financial wellbeing as “the extent to which people both perceive and have (i) financial outcomes in which they meet their financial obligations, (ii) financial freedom to make choices that allow them to enjoy life, (iii) control of their finances, and (iv) financial security – now, in the future, and under possible adverse circumstances.” Keywords: botha; financial; melbourne; r-5; scale; wellbeing

## Demographic

- Mapping demographic indicators and small-scale solar energy technology uptake in Brisbane, Australia: an interactive visualisation by Loginova, Julia ; Dwyer, Declan (2022) - Though with more than 800 megawatts of SPV installed (as of 2021), there is a high spatial variability of SPV uptake among city neighbourhoods. Individual indicators showed varying strengths of relationship to SPV uptake. Keywords: demographic; energy; population; spv; uptake

## Epilogue

For more detail, about this study carrel, see the computed home page. For more detail about study carrels in general, see the read me file.

Created: 2025-12-23