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TECHNOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE VOGUE TEXTUAL CONTENT IN 

CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA POP MUSIC COMPOSITIONS   

 

Gold Kingsley Uteh 

Email: utehkingsley@gmail.com 

& 

Professor A. O. Nwamara 

Email: ao.nwamara@unizik.edu.ng 

Department of Music, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka 

 

Abstract 

Ethics are natural or man-made moral roles and roles are made for humans. The question 

of music composition ethics is fundamental to the effective application of theoretical 

concepts to real live music composition through the periods of music history. The 

research seeks to know how technology has influenced composition ethics; why these 

ethics are not adhered to by some contemporary composers of the 21st century; what led 

to this development among some crop of musicians/composers/artiste in composing their 

music; and how this anomaly can be rectified. The researcher employed the qualitative 

method of research in form of interviews which involved stakeholders relevant to the 

subject matter. Data was collected from the interviewees and analyzed. The findings 

show that the subject of ethics in music composition which is powered by various 

technologies, has been relegated to the background in the face of most contemporary 

compositions whose content is made of vogue language and whose message promotes sex, 

violence, gangsterism, rebellion e.t.c. As it were, a middle ground based on understanding 

between various tech companies, bloggers, online streaming platforms, social media 

platforms, among others must be defined. Also, effort must be made in order to maintain 

and sustain established societal norms and values that are being eroded by the ugly trend. 

This is because research finding shows that contemporary societies rely on these 

technologies for day- to- day usage, because these technologies were originally made for 

the good of man. 

 

Introduction 

Composition is the art of creating, writing new musical work or ideas that are generally 

acceptable.  Ethics are self- moral standard acceptable or permissible in the discharge 

and or creation of musical work in relation to music composition. Historically, the English 

word “ethics” is derived from the ancient Greek word ‘ethikes’, meaning “relating to one’s 

character”, which itself comes from the root word ethos, meaning “character, moral 

nature”. This moral tradition exists to ensure basic standards are maintained and that 

societal norms are upheld, to the end that immediate future consumers of musical 

composition, songs or performance are informed, entertained, and edified without 

jeopardizing the moral values of the society as well as individual and or collective 

audience. Currently, this value is under the negative/positive influence of new 

technologies. 

 



 

 
  

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In today’s age, technology has revolutionized every aspect of our lives, including the 

creation and distribution of song lyrics. Gone are the days when fans would rely on printed 

songbooks or album inserts to sing along to their favorite tunes. With the advent of 

technology, song lyrics have become more accessible than ever before…with just a click 

or tap, music lovers can now access lyrics to thousands of songs in an instant. Online 

platforms such as lyric websites and streaming services offer a vast collection of songs 

with accurate and up-to-date lyrics (www.ask.com). 

 

Nevertheless, research revealed some ethical principles that are the foundation for 

cultivating professional conducts in corporate organization with relation to music. Some 

employers in entertainment organizations use some these rules to galvanize employee’s 

loyalty, and maintain a high ethical conduct as well as good moral conduct among them. 

Below are some of these principles that were postulated by Williams Ryon, as a vehicle 

to recapture what has been lost. Using these nine principles as a benchmark for 

implementing ethical protocols in the music industry can greatly improve the compliance 

with accepted protocols worldwide, and improve the perception in the opinion of the 

public. These mentioned principles are explained below for better understanding of their 

role in maintaining good moral standard in general music business management.                                         

 

Human Dignity 

This is one of the firm foundations of all established ethical conduct. The value we place 

on individuals, e.g. employees in this context, is paramount is to the growth, development 

and the general wellbeing of the organization. For instance, when an employee is 

retrenched or demoted without good reasons, and due process, the employee may 

discontinue the working/social relationship with his employer psychologically, even as a 

member of staff or in future. It is never dignifying to be viewed as a disposable 

commodity. An employee most not be made to feel like nobody or be made to see his or 

herself as subhuman. This is because when subordinates (employees) despair, the 

organization will definitely feel the negative impact of it.  

 

Participation  

Every member of the organization that is involved in the music production process must 

be accorded the right to make input or contribute in discussions of matters concerns 

them and their wellbeing. Not allowing them to participate or have a say in the decision-

making process that will directly or indirectly affect them can raise a red flag in the 

mind of some. For instance, selling a perceive hit song that belong to music label or record 

company member without involving the actual song writer or composer is a direct spite 

on the said artist. This has brought many record labels to their knee. The place of 

collective participation, directly or indirectly positively impart the general wellbeing of 

the organization. When subordinates are given the opportunity to participate and air 

their voice in any organization, it gives them a sense of belonging. 

 

Integrity 

The old, but evergreen adage of honesty being the best legacy works best, when 

employer(s) and the employed in an organization maintain honesty, transparency and 

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accountability in the pursuit of co-operate objectives. When the sanctity of integrity is 

upheld by all members of an organization, irrespective of their age, position, and any 

other distinguishing factor, trust becomes natural. Trust spring up among the members 

of staff towards the organization. This quality naturally makes the society to build strong 

confidence in the organization or record label. If the leader or leaders in a music label 

lacks integrity, the led will naturally follow suite. As it were, it is believed that the 

subject of integrity must be exemplified by the leader(s) first.   

 

For The Common Good 

This ethical step stipulates that every pursuit or objective of the record label is for the 

benefit of all who are in the system (members). When every member of a music company 

know that the company is favoring all of them, they will be willing to sacrifice more for 

the organization. In Nigeria today, we have read of situations where a music artist is 

making all the money from music shows and album sales while the label owners are the 

ones enjoying 90 percent of the proceeds. The outcome of this one-sided benefits is 

always not palatable. According to Byron (1999), “The common good is a catch-all phase 

that describes an environment that is supportive of the development of human potential 

while safe guarding the community against individual excess”. 

 

Digital Piracy 

Online piracy is the practice of downloading and distributing copyrighted content 

digitally without permission from the copy right owner(s) these downloadable materials 

include music (audio/video), lyrical content, software, among others. Though 

technological advance that brought the internet have in many ways made life easier for 

mankind, on the other hand, it has opened the flood gate of digital piracy. Today, people 

all over the world where internet exist, see it and do it as a normal thing. This is partly 

due to the fact that it is easy to access. Though piracy existed for long but the advent 

of the internet made it a new normal. The downloading and usage of digital or online music 

content or music composition without due permission, with exception of free ones, 

amounts to digital piracy. This unethical practice has greatly contributed to the 

decadence our societies suffer today. moral 

 

Moral Art Integrity 

Every work of art is a reflection of the society, an experience and/or an expression of 

self, soul or mind of the artist (composer), however the composition must teach, promote 

and emphasize good morals. Musical composition should not promote illicit sex, violence, 

among other as is being experienced the world over. it should encourage hard work and 

painstaking efforts toward actualizing set objectives. A good composer must consider 

the spiritual moral, mental, social and psychological wellbeing of his/her audience or 

consumers of musical work(s). Our world is what it is today morally partly because of 

erroneous and erotic musical videos and lyrical content of some of the contemporary 

music in our societies. The music composer should compose to help sustain the moral 

fabric of the society. 

 



 

 
  

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Vogue lyrical or textual content in musical art composition have had adverse effect on 

the psychic of the music consumer. The place of ethically moral text in contemporary 

composition is being exudes in jet speed. Songs or musical lyrics content which contain 

no vogue words such as, Sex, Money, Crave, Harsh, Violent words, etc are label as “not 

making sense” especially by most youths and teenage age grade, whose amateur mind is 

deeply engrossed in frivolities, enslaved by western pop music orientation. According to 

Kristen David Olson (2011) “Music is an important and extremely useful tool in the way 

we learn and to deny its power is a waste of a truly wonderful resource. Though some 

would look at music as a small bed note in the progression of humanity, it is in fact a much 

greater force; for some, it defines their very existence”. 

 

Olson further posited that “Sexual promiscuity and excessive profanity in modern music 

(Hip-Hop) among others specifically have also been said to be affecting the psyche of 

many. He further stated that “sexually explicit lyrics and mounds of profanity exuberate 

through certain hip-hop songs can have a negative effect on the thoughts and feelings 

of adolescents”. Despite the advantages music offer to the human mind or psyche, there 

are evidence that music with negative content due have negative effects upon 

impressionable young minds. Many documented suicides have taken place while music 

played in the background. Also, there are some speculations that extended listening could 

lead to anti-social behavior especially when the music is void of worthy social norms and 

values. Below is an explicit musical lyric.   

 

 
 

 
Technological Development 



 

 
  

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The impact of technology on music production, promotion, as well as access and sharing 

capacity cannot be over-emphasized. The influence of technological development on music 

is far beyond expectation. Technological applications and manipulations involved in the 

process of music production to consumption in music business amazing.  Music has moved 

from analogue to digital. The process of composition on score, editing, playing, coping, 

sharing, saving or storing, downloading and sending are all digitalized. Though the 

analogue system has not been totally phased out, the digital system is the order of the 

day. Music composition and consumption shall be discussed under the following sub-

heading as (1). Android & IOS phones (2). Laptop (3). Application (4) Downloading (5) 

Internet. These are some of the major technological advancement and influence on human 

mind in our societies.  

 

Android Phones 

Android phones are touch screen phones that enables applications to be used in carrying 

out tasks of calling, texting, browsing, reading, research, chatting, listening to music 

among others. A development that made many to refer to it referred to it as “The world 

in your pocket” because of its multi-dimensional activities, and versatility. This modern 

communication gadget unlike the analog phone, do perform the task of other gadget, such 

as, radio, television, calculator, emailing, etc.  The phones are operated by teenagers and 

children even better than most of their parents. secondary school students and pupils of 

primary schools now own and operate android phones effortlessly. Though this 

development has its advantages, however, the negative effect of having an android phone 

with internet access is enormous especially for the younger ones. In that, these young 

minds are often always interfacing with the phones hence, they are tempted to use the 

phone for adverse activities from time to time. 

 

Laptop 

This contemporary technological gadget is second to none in usage both for music 

composition, production, storage, etc. Laptops, Desktops, Palmtops, ipad etc. are modern 

technologies but the laptop stands out as virtually all organizations make use of it now. 

As it were, most music composers and music students mostly make use of laptop for 

composition purposes among other things. This is because laptops are easily mobile and 

can do what desktop computer cannot do. However, this noble technological gadget has 

become a major source of self-destruction to many youths, teenagers, some adults, and 

children. As it is being used to watch and listen to all manner of explicit music audios and 

videos online and or offline. 

 

Applications 

This software technology gave more relevance to android phone, and laptop technologies. 

The applications use the laptop, android phones and other IOS gadgets as platform to 

unleash its numerous potentials aimed at making life better or easier for humanity.  

Application software are what laptops and android phones depend on, to function. 

Software developers or engineers develop the applications which carryout different task 

as designed, and build by the developers. Though some application. were developed for 

good purposes, explicit materials still find their way into them. Examples of software 



 

 
  

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application that aids access to explicit materials online are; Facebook, Itune, Youtube, 

TikTok, Instagram, whatsapp, Apple music, spotify, amazon, online radio stations, among 

many others which are available on google play store and Ios Apple stores; which are 

themselves, applications. Today, application developers have developed all manner of 

corrupt applications specially for explicit music videos, audio that have become traps for 

amateur minds. They have become undeniable source of immoral music videos and songs 

that offers the consumer, erotic and senseless sonic products.  

 

Downloading 

Android phones and Laptops are not corrupt in themselves. But because they are handy, 

mobile, smart and internet compliant, they became veritable tools in the hand of many, 

who now use them to access all manner of immoral packages available online by 

downloading them to offline versions. Downloading is software enabled process of coping 

of files online. The process enables youths, adult, teenagers including children to copy 

and share files with good content or explicit content for immediate consumption and 

sometimes for subsequent sharing with fellow mates thereby spreading the influence and 

impact of these explicit content. People download music videos, music audios and other 

media materials with musical background that have immoral textual content. These 

downloadable online files are mostly free.   

 

Internet 

Internet is the new digital world through which almost everything is accessible. The 

internet uses data for accessibility. The internet can be accessed through any internet 

compliant gadget e.g.  android phones, laptop, desktop. Ipad, ipod, latest television set, 

palm top and even some java phones. The internet is the global system of interconnected 

computer networks that uses the protocol suite to communicate between networks and 

devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business 

and government networks or local global scope linked by a broad array of electronic, 

wireless and optical networking technologies. The advent of the internet has seen some 

explosion in immoral activities across all age grade especially younger generation.  

 

Contemporary musician/composer’s mindset is also being influenced by innovations in 

technology involved in the music process. Technology has changed the way we create 

composer, promotion and share musical art works. According to Smith (1962), “… 

Innovations and alterations in this music are generally not prohibited by tradition thus 

it has been changed by outside influences, individuals within the society and integration 

with their societies. The influence of technology and other outside forces on the mindset 

of the composer as well as the consumer cannot be over emphasized. Today, music 

composition and production to a great extent, have moved from paper manuscript to 

software enabled composition. Though the manual/analog method have not been totally 

phased out, most music composition and production processes are currently being 

achieved via the digital method. This is a good development with serious challenges. 

The crave for quick fame among contemporary artists have contributed to the use of 

explicit lyrical content because both local and foreign musical products and the artist 

that produce them, are seen as successful by the upcoming ones who view them as role 



 

 
  

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model. They follow these role model(s) online and as well subscribe to their online 

channels on different online platforms via technological devices that aids easy access 

online content without any hinderance anywhere, anytime. In affirming this view, Okafor 

(2005) asserts that “Fame is a very powerful incentive: many musicians have their folk 

heroes or foreign models- people whose social and economic successes they strive for. 

Their contact with these foreign pop star models is mainly through electronic 

media/gadgets. However, this imitation produces some negative effects as some pop 

musician cope some dressing and other habits not acceptable to the local culture” 

 

Lyrics have become more explicit in inherit reference to drugs, sex and violence over the 

years as asserted by Knobach Westowa must to P, shawk (2006). “Rebellious musical 

lyrics are topping the world music billboard charts, Explicit lyrics is almost unavoidable 

especially in contemporary pop music genre, but it is gradually finding its way into other 

groups known for upholding the ethos of ethics. Contemporary classical songs/music in 

identifying with the concept of neo-romanticism, fall slightly to the cab ricks of epicism 

of lyrical content”. A development that is aided by advance digital technologies that 

enables easy access to listening, watching, download, and upload. 

 

According to Collin B. (2016), “new technology allows listeners to toggle between clean 

and explicit lyrics in real time…online radio is not subject to the same FCC regulations as 

standard terrestrial radio, so Dash radio (online radio) is free to offer both clean and 

explicit options simultaneously” (www.consequence.com). The sweeping power of internet 

technologies in granting unhindered access to all manner of musical content, especially 

the explicit lyrics, is the core discourse of this research.   

 

According to Peddick B.H, Bevesin E.V. (2002) “Lyrics is some music genres, such as rock, 

heavy metal, rap and new emerging genres such as reggae ton, have been found to revolve 

ground topics such as sexual promiscuity, death, homicide, suicide and substance abuse”. 

Reddick et al puts it thus: “The explicit lyrical content appreciation by youths in our 

society may not abate soon. This ugly development poses a big threat to moral stability 

of younger generations that are exposed to modern technological devices such as, android 

phone, Ipad, Ipod, laptop, desktop, etc. with internet availability and the ability to 

download music audios and videos, with just a click”. 

 

As echoed by Fischerp, G.M.T. (2006) “Most recently, some pop music has been 

characterized by the presence of explicit sexual language in its lyrics as well as messages 

of violence, racism, homophobia and hatred toward woman. Drug, tobacco and alcohol use 

also tend to be glorified in these songs”. In refuting concerns about the effect of lyrics, 

some have argued that children and adolescents use music only for entertainment, that 

little or no attention is paid to the words, and if any attention is given understanding 

tends to be limited and related to their experience. However, other research finding 

shows the contrary. In that, teenagers who were interviewed in the course of this 

research, confessed that through the use their android phones, and access to internet 

were exposed to illicit music and gradually developed anti-social vices. For instances a 

study carried out by Fisher at al affirmed that “men who listens to misogyny music 

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showed increased aggressive responses toward women as well as a more negative 

perception of them. A study performed to explain the possible effect of heavy metal 

music, with sexually violent or nonviolent lyrics on male’s attitude towards women than 

those in a group indeed exposed to classical message. 

  

According to P. Cougar Hall et al, (2011) “all sexual references are equal and degrading 

and sexualized music can have a delirious effect on teens. For girls in particulars, this 

can lead them to judge their personal worth on a sexual level only, leading to poor body 

image, depression eating disorders and substance abuse”. This research raises serious 

concern relating to the promotion of unhealthy sexual message in music that is made 

accessible by the instrumentality of digital technology. 

                                                       

Methodology  

The researcher employed the qualitative research method by way of structured and 

unstructured interview process to elicit response from respondents drawn from selected 

music artists, producers, promoters, marketers, secondary school students and 

undergraduates among few stakeholders, relevance to subject matter. This was done in 

the Ikorodu area of Lagos state. This is in addition to online materials that is centered 

on the subject of discuss as well as music literatures available to the researcher during 

the write-up. On the moral side, the researcher consulted some religious leaders, who 

also contributed to the data gathered. Fifteen questions were asked at each contact. 

These questions were divided into three segments: Section 1: questions centered on 

music industry in Nigeria in general. Section 2: questions entered on musical content of 

our contemporary music. Section 3: questions centered on the remedying the ugly trend. 

Five questions for each section.  

 

Research outcome clearly shows that this societal anomaly has spread to the extent of 

becoming the normal norm which is embraced by large section of the society. secondly, 

the music composer himself is currently commercially inclined. Hence, most composers’ 

tilt toward what will make a commercial hit irrespective of its implication on the social 

psyche of the society. Unfortunately, this development has been largely entrenched by 

the force of digital technology.    

                                             

Conclusion/ Recommendation 

Okafor (2005) further stressed that “the moral songs which form the basis of 

instructions on right and wrongs in human conducts, may be directed to the children 

audience, but it is the community expressing it ideas on how things should and shall be 

for that matter. Flowing from this ascertain, appropriate measure, when necessary, must 

be put in place to check the influence of certain digital technology on our immediate and 

extended societies among other things, so as to reverse the dying trend of moral music 

for which Africa music stand tall. Music and nation building goes together as Okafor 

(2005) stated thus: 

 

“Music tends to set the mind free from focusing on problems. It is a true route to 

escapism. But if it is well handled so that as it entertains, it builds and creates, then it 



 

 
  

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becomes of beneficial to the society…unfortunately, the current trend in relation to 

lyrical content in Nigeria music industry is negatively affecting the youths and by 

extension, the society. The development must be reversed. All stakeholders as stated 

earlier, which includes; performing musicians association of Nigeria (PMAN), copyright 

society of Nigeria (COSON), standard organization of Nigeria (SON), Association of 

record label owners, Television and radio stations management, Association of  music 

educator of Nigeria, Musicologist society of Nigeria as well as Law enforcement agencies, 

the artists/musicians/composers/performers must from synergy and collaboration to 

ensure that our musical products are of high moral standard/value. Secondly, parents, 

guardians, including teachers must continue to teach, guard and advice their wards on 

the need to listen and watch only musical works devoiced explicit content. Lyrics have 

become more explicit in their references to drugs, sex and violence over the years. It is 

essential for parents to take a stand regarding music lyrics”.  

 

In collaborating this point, Christenson P. (1992) “Pediatricians should encourage 

parents(including others) to take an active role in monitoring the type of music to which 

the children and adolescents are exposed and aware of the music they purchase” 

(www.protectyoungworld.org). The recommendations are thus presented below: 

 

Firstly, that music composition art is a noble creative art whose sanctity must be upheld 

by consciously applying the principle of ethics during composition by composer. Having 

established the fact that contemporary musical works are beginning to abandon the 

concept of ethics as a socio-cultural norm in our society, it is expedient that relevant 

stakeholders as stated earlier must make concerted by both political, religious as well as 

traditional leaders to curb the deadly trend of destructive trend of wrong usage of some 

digital technology in our contemporary society. Music composition is a great, noble art 

that has come to stay so long as man remains creative, even as God continues to inspire 

the ready mind. Music is powerful and highly influential to the human mind. Hence, the 

need to deliberately detect and/or decide what you view as music video as well as music 

audio you listen to, is very important. This is research have shown that the impact of 

music products being consumed can and will always influence human mind. 

 

Furthermore, explicit lyrical contents are wide spread. Austin et al (2000), assert that 

“potential risks of exposing to music videos can be moderated by parental reinforcement 

and counter reinforcement of conducts observed”. Knobloch-Westerwick et at (2000), 

stated that “although young listeners might not understand all the details in lyrics, they 

recognize enough to obtain a general idea of the message they bring”. All the finding of 

the research hinged on the fact that composition ethics guarantees that standard are 

met and maintained during musical art composition which in turn benefit the society by 

up-holding the normal norms which the said society adjudges upright and morally 

acceptable for socio, cultural stability. Composers must bear in mind that their works 

will out-live them. Hence, the need for conscious, deliberate effort to ensure that even 

generations to come are musically influenced to live a standard and acceptable moral life 

irrespective of trending digital technology. 

 

http://www.protectyoungworld.org/


 

 
  

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Secondly, composers/producers/promoters as well as government at levels must 

collaborate with software developers and global digital platform owners like facebook, 

google, youtube, twitter (now known as X) tik tok, Instagram, techno mobile, Samsung 

mobile, telegram channel among others, to help reduce the negative impact of their 

digital technologies, by monitoring and restricting the upload of explicit materials on 

their digital platforms. Google search engine owner should take this recommendation 

serious. Still stressing on subject of discourse, Sullivan W. (1960), said that “The 

function of the kind of music we have been discussing is to communicate valuable spiritual 

states to stiffing to the depth of the artists nature and to the quality of his experience 

of life”. Sullivan (1960) stressed further that “we do feel, in our most valued musical 

experiences that we are making contact with a great spirit, and not simply with a 

prodigious musical faculty”. As it were, music in African naturally entrain, inform and 

edify listeners / audience, it does praise the good deeds, and even warn the wicked 

depending on the context of performance. 

 

Okafor (2005) put it Thus “The Nigeria musician has always born witness to the time he 

lives in. He praises, he admonishes, the records events and involves himself, through his 

music, in the social and concrete problems of his land”. Music composition art without 

adherence to ethical value underline our cultural musical philosophy. From the foregoing, 

composition ethics entails maintaining set standards that are related to musical art 

composition by music composers to enhance harmonious relationship among them, as they 

continue to contribute their quota to the growth and development of the society.  

While digital technology keeps trending with new innovations being released into the 

global tech market on regular basis, its positive impact on making life easier for mankind 

cannot be over-emphasized. However, these digital technologies come with enormous 

challenges that borders on human mind.  A situation that must not be overlooked because 

some are already in our homes and pockets. 

 

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