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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms 
of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0

1 Sumy State Pedagogical University named after A.S. Makarenko, Ukraine (corresponding author)
E-mail: science@sspu.edu.ua
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-1998 
2 Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Ukraine
E-mail: docentklus@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1841-2578
3 Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Ukraine
Е-mail: ivchenkoevg85@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6665-2461

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-1-82-88

THE ROLE OF INNOVATION CLUSTERS  
FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION 

Olga Kudrina1, Yuliia Klius2, Yevhen Ivchenko3

Abstract. The article considers the directions of intensification of the processes of clustering in the regions 
of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the experience of clustering is proposed zoning, taking into account the  
collisions of national business and industry, as well as regulatory policy. The subject of the study is innovative 
clusters and their role in the sustainable development of regions. The purpose of the study: to develop practical 
recommendations to ensure and stimulate the processes of clustering in the context of InDev regions of Ukraine. 
Methodology. For this purpose the following tasks were solved step by step: the peculiarities of InDev region in 
the economic and social progress of territories in the context of clustering processes were determined; the 
strategic prospects for the formation of InDev system of Ukrainian regions and the directions of intensification 
of clustering processes were substantiated; the key problems of innovation clusters development in Ukraine 
were systematized taking into account international experience of their creation; the management basis for 
the formation of innovation cluster models was developed; normative legal acts for information support and 
proper organizational and economic support of the process of innovation clusters formation were elaborated; 
methodological support for the processes of diagnostics of innovation clustering in the InDev system of the  
region was improved. Theoretical (analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific results; process 
modeling) and statistical (express-analysis) methods were used. Conclusions. Recommendations on the  
diagnosis of processes of innovation development of regions and processes of innovation clustering on the basis 
of express-diagnostics procedure, which is based on the assessment of parameters of innovation clustering. 
According to the results of innovation clustering regions of Ukraine for the first cluster recommended principles  
of management support processes clustering: the development and implementation of a policy of active  
integration with Europe, a free economic zone with the EU and other countries of the world; investments in 
innovation infrastructure; stimulation of venture financing; creation of business gas pedals and platforms of 
innovative design; organization of technoparks, involving foreign investments, grant projects, budget financing. 
The second cluster is recommended: involvement of scientific institutions in the processes of active learning 
business incubators and business gas pedals, adaptation and dissemination of benchmarking technology for 
innovation clustering. The third cluster is recommended: implementation of industry-specific target projects 
by InDev, creation of innovation infrastructure facilities based on clustering processes, implementation of  
regional programs to support business and individual industries, formation of new industry projects to develop 
production (new production facilities, logistics centers, etc.).

Key words: cluster formation, innovation development, clustering processes, information activities, economy.

JEL Classification: O31, C38, D83

1. Introduction
Under decentralized economic development, the 

scale and direction of changes in regional economic 
complexes are determined by the priorities and 

strategic vectors of innovative development (InDev) 
of Ukrainian regions. The dynamics of such changes 
in the modern world community is provided by  
innovation clusters. Clustering processes in InDev 



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regions allow to create conditions for the generation 
of innovations, stimulate the production of innovative 
products and increase the competitiveness of 
individual structures. Formation of InDev regions 
system on the basis of clustering processes creates  
the basis of consolidated economic space of the state, 
in the formation of which the leading role is played  
by innovation clusters as the basis of InDev regions.

Assessing the state of InDev regions of Ukraine, 
it should be noted that InDev regions are mainly  
carried out using outdated models and mechanisms, 
which determines its low efficiency. The key reason 
for this is the lack of a clear understanding of the  
diversity of innovation environment of the regions, 
the fundamental heterogeneity of processes taking 
place in innovation activity, the lack of effective tools 
and technologies for active clustering of the regional 
economy, taking into account the best European 
practices. 

The study of modern trends and leading models of 
InDev regions proves the complexity and ambiguity 
of these processes. Innovative progress in the modern 
understanding of scientists gets its realization 
only in certain conditions of active, multilevel,  
scientifically grounded support, corresponding to 
the needs of economic interests of regions and the  
country as a whole.

Multifaceted areas of research, the search for 
approaches to activate InDev regions, received 
their coverage in the scientific works of foreign and  
domestic scientists: S. Breschi, F. Malerba (2001), 
E. Jerome S. (2015), S. Engel, I. del-Palacio (2009), 
M. Muro, B. Katz (2010), O. Kudrina (2019; 2020; 
2021), S. Markovsk, N. Mikula (Markovsky, 2011), 
М. Porter (Porter, 1998), A. Tkachuk, V. Tolkovanov, 
S. Tallman, M. Jenkins, N. Henry, S. Pinch (2004) 
etc., where the problems of regional innovation,  
development of innovation clusters, etc. are analyzed. 
The study of theoretical and practical developments 
of these authors allows us to assert that they  
proposed a practical tool for InDev region, in  
particular, on the basis of the creation of innovation 
clusters, but the diagnosis of the processes of  
clustering in InDev region and the formation of 
organizational, economic and information support of 
innovation clusters require solutions.

The aim of the study is to develop practical 
recommendations to ensure and stimulate the  
formation of clusters in the context of InDev regions  
of Ukraine. 

To achieve this goal the following tasks were  
solved: the peculiarities of InDev region in the  
economic and social progress of the territories in the 
context of clustering processes were determined; 
the strategic prospects for the formation of InDev 
system of the regions of Ukraine and the directions 
of intensification of clustering processes were 

substantiated; the key problems of innovation  
clusters development in Ukraine were systematized 
taking into account the world experience of their 
creation; the managerial bases of innovation 
cluster model formation were developed; the 
provisions concerning the information support and  
corresponding organizational-economic maintenance 
of the process of innovation clusters formation 
were elaborated; the methodological support of  
innovations clustering processes diagnostics in the 
InDev region system was improved.

2. Theoretical foundations of clustering 
processes in the system of innovation 
development of the region

Gradual transition to a post-industrial society 
involves the formation of an innovative model of 
economic development, providing the most efficient 
use of all types of resources, including information,  
and qualitative improvement of all factors of  
production based on the latest achievements of the 
innovation economy. (Porter, 1998) Innovative 
development is an indispensable condition of socio-
economic progress of territories, which is reflected in 
the paradigm of relations: "Knowledge" – "Scientific  
and technological progress" – "Innovation" –  
"Innovative processes and technologies" – "Innovative 
industries and industries" – "Innovative economy " –  
"Innovative social progress" – "Socio-economic 
progress of territories". (Markovsky, Mikula,  
Tkachuk & Tolkovanov, 2011)

The study of the essence of the key conceptual 
characteristics of InDev enterprise ("innovation", 
"innovation process", "innovative development", 
"innovation economy ", "innovation clusters", 
"cluster development potential", etc.) allowed to 
define innovation as newly formed or improved 
competitive technologies, products or services, as 
well as organizational and technical solutions of 
a production, administrative, commercial or other 
nature that significantly improve the structure and 
quality of production and (or) the social sphere. 
(Breschi, Malerba, 2001) It is established that there  
is no unified approach to the definition of the  
categories of InDev region, and their systemic vision 
is determined in accordance with the provisions of 
modern economic theory and management (Figure 1).

Within the framework of national economies and 
their unique diversity, InDev systems of states and 
territories are formed, focused on the realization  
of the potential of territories using the unique 
combination of resources available to the territory –  
labor, capital, intelligence. (Engel, Jerome, 2015)  
Internal and external characteristics of innovation 
systems of the region, their connections, infra- 
structure support, institutional reflection of inno- 



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vation activity, state and regional innovation policy, 
activity and relevant policy of corporations form 
a specific national innovation model. The formation 
of InDev systems in the region within the national 
innovation model should be carried out in the most 
effective way on the basis of clustering processes. 
(Engel & del-Palacio, 2009) The author's vision 
of the innovation cluster as a target association of 
enterprises, organizations, highly qualified specialists 
for the development, implementation and realization 
of initiatives of the innovation cluster is presented. 
Participants of the innovation cluster are stakeholders 
in the InDev system of the region. (Kudrina, 2019)

3. Study of problems and experiences  
in the formation of clusters  
in the InDev system of the region

The authors have systematized features of global  
and domestic experience of clustering processes in the 
InDev system of the region. This allowed to establish 
that the provision of InDev territories in the world is 

mainly due to the formation of innovative clusters. 
According to experts' estimates, clustering currently 
covers about 50% of the world's leading economies. 
(Muro & Katz, 2010)

The characteristic features of the process of  
formation of clusters were defined: 
– dynamics of the process of clustering and active 
growth in the number of clusters; 
– increase in the share of clusters with state  
participation; activity of diversification processes  
in the positioned clusters and cluster initiatives; 
– significant diversity of cluster models, cluster forms 
of relations, goals of cluster initiatives, as well as 
mechanisms and technologies of interaction within 
innovative clusters. 

Provision of InDev regions based on the stimulation  
of clustering processes should be carried out using 
modern methods of managerial influence on the 
processes of clustering. (Tallman, Jenkins, Henry & 
Pinch, 2004)

The vectors of such impact include: 
– development and implementation of the targeted 
innovation policy of the regions, creation of the 
institutional foundations of InDev territories, taking 
into account the objectives of regional development 
programs; 
– development and implementation of the regional 
policy of clustering and formation of innovation 
clusters; 
– creation of scientific basis for formation of innovative 
model of economy; 
– formation of the institutional structure of the  
national system of science and education; development 
of state programs and plans for financing InDev  
region with its priority areas; 
– harmonization of the region's InDev conditions  
with international norms, standards and business 
principles; integration of the education and 

D
oc

tr
in

al
 c

ha
ra

ct
er

is
ti

cs
 o

f i
nn

ov
at

io
n Interrelation and independence with the development 

of industrial production

Consistency at all stages of the management process

The presence of the main characteristics in the organization 
of the process and forms of relevant activities

Formation of an independent direction 
of research in the field of innovation management

Regional development

Information progress

Figure 1. Provisions of modern economic theory and management

• Incapacity of state and regional policy
and infrastructure to create clustersManagerial

• Lack of information transparency,
asymmetry of information resourcesInformational

• Low level of financial
and investment securityInvestment

• Absence of formation of economic
interestsMarket

• Incompleteness of norms
• and standardsCultural

Figure 2. Problems hindering the formation of the cluster



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science system into the European intellectual  
market, etc. 

Characteristics of the problems hindering InDev 
regions and the creation of innovation clusters in 
Ukraine are shown in Figure 2.

The problems that constrain the processes of 
clustering in the InDev system of the region reflect  
the systemic nature of internal conflicts at various  
levels of regional governance, so the solution of  
certain problems should occur systematically, at the 
level of state and regional development programs  
aimed at the transition to an innovative model of 
economic development. This model is based on 
clustering processes in the system of InDev regions  
as a tool to complete the process of market 
transformation and transition to the European model  
of InDev regions. (Omelyanenko, Kudrina, Seme-
nikhina, Zihunov, Danilov, Liskovetska, 2020)

4. Ensuring the formation of clusters  
in the InDev system of the region

In modern management theory and practice, the 
cluster approach is the most recognized and effective 
form of stimulating InDev. It represents a unique 
way to consolidate science, education, production 
and the state to create an environment of innovation 
and implementation of cluster initiatives of different 
duration. (Omelyanenko, Prokopenko, Kudrina, 
Petrova, Biloshkurska, Biloshkurskyi & Omelyanenko, 
2021) The cluster approach to InDev regions provides 
a fuller use of the territory 's resource potential,  
unique opportunities to enter new markets, and 
stimulates the development of small and medium-
sized businesses. In addition, this model of  
management of the InDev region organization helps 
reduce costs by reducing transactions, share human 
resources, infrastructure facilities, services and other 
resources, simplify the information support of the 
cluster, and finally, obtain synergies for all cluster 
members. 

Thus, the cluster is a unique management structure 
in which enterprises and commercial organizations 
can effectively interact with scientific and educational 
institutions, regional authorities. The analysis made 
it possible to develop a management structure for 
the formation of an innovation cluster. They include 
approaches to the diagnosis of InDev and the processes 
of creating innovation clusters, organizational and 
economic support of the processes of creating clusters 
in the region, including information support of the 
process of creating an innovation cluster. Proceeding 
from the urgent tasks of promoting the formation 
of clusters in the InDev system of the region, the  
authors improve the management framework for 
the formation of the model of innovation cluster.  
It has: description of participants of the process,  

levels of their interaction, goal, objectives, principles 
and approaches to modeling the process of  
innovation cluster. This helped to form the model  
of an innovation cluster in the region's InDev system. 

Based on the systematization of types of clusters 
focused on innovation as a key priority of interaction 
(innovation, innovation and education, innovation 
and production, industry and investment, innovation 
and investment, information and innovation, 
transboundary) it was found that one of the most 
promising organizational models of innovation  
cluster is the innovation and education model 
(innovation and education cluster). Its implementation 
can attract higher education institutions and other 
research institutes to the formation of the cluster. 
This makes it possible to form powerful research and 
scientific-educational centers for clustering, as well 
as to attract the potential of scientific institutions to 
support cluster development through grants for the  
best research and programs to support innovative 
projects to the processes of cluster formation. 

Based on the definition of models of information 
support (closed, open, semi-closed and semi-open 
type with a description of the main characteristics 
of information activities and communication links), 
the purpose, objectives and principles of information 
support of innovation cluster were developed  
approaches to information support and appropriate 
organizational support of the formation of an  
innovation cluster, which allowed to identify key  
conflicts in the system of information support 
of innovation cluster, to develop an algorithm 
of information support for the development of  
innovation cluster and to form a mechanism of  
collective (integrated) use of information resources  
of innovation cluster. 

The proposed approach to the diagnosis of InDev 
processes and the formation of an innovation  
cluster in the region is based on the calculation of 
the innovation clustering index of the region. It 
is an integral indicator that takes into account the  
assessment of the content of innovation activity, 
assessment of the innovative resource (the ratio of  
human resources) and assessment of the innovative 
potential of the region. This approach made it  
possible to develop an algorithm for rapid diagnosis  
of clustering processes in the InDev system of the 
region. This algorithm is aimed at assessing the 
parameters of innovation clustering in the region  
and at grouping regions according to the clustering 
criterion. It is a regulatory impact on the target 
groups of regions depending on their InDev 
and long-term plans of state, regional or sectoral  
management.

The algorithm for rapid diagnosis of clustering 
processes in the InDev system of the region provides 
the following steps: 



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1. Justification of expediency of express- 

diagnostics of innovation clustering in a particular 
region and the choice of parameters for assessing  
the state of innovation clustering.

2. Determination of indicators for assessing  
innovation clustering.

3. Formation of the information base required for 
rapid diagnosis in accordance with the established 
parameters and indicators.

4. Determination of methods and tools for  
collecting information: collection of statistical 
information, the formation of information requests  
for indicators.

5. Express diagnostics according to the set  
parameters.

6. Analysis of the information obtained (processing, 
systematization).

7. Development of recommendations for cluster 
formation processes in the InDev region.

For the purpose of analysis, forecasting, planning 
processes of clustering in InDev region, development 
of practical directions of innovation policy of  
clustering in the regions of Ukraine, rapid diagnosis 
of innovation clustering in the regions of Ukraine 
is proposed to conduct on the basis of indicators  
of innovation activity in the region. 

The index of innovation activity of the region is 
a relative index that characterizes the innovation  
activity of the region in terms of human resources 
(employees involved in innovation and research 
activities), the results of innovation activity and the 
available potential in the region. 

Determination of indicators of innovation clustering 
is based on the analysis of data on the state and 
dynamics of InDev in Ukraine and its regions. It is 
proposed to calculate the coefficient of availability  
of human resources, the coefficient of innovation 
activity and the coefficient of innovation potential 
of the region as indicators for assessing innovation 
clustering.

The coefficient of human resources provision 
is calculated as the ratio of the total population of 
the region to the sum of employees of scientific  
organizations and researchers. It reflects the share of 
the population engaged in innovative activities in the 
region, which, in fact, is its intellectual potential. 

Chrp = N / (Ne+Nr)
where N – the total number of population of the 

region, KP – the number of employees of scientific 
institutions; Nr – the number of researchers.

According to the calculation of the coefficient of 
human resources provision of the regions of Ukraine, 
it can be noted that the highest index has Kyiv;  
this is due to the high number of people who are  
engaged in scientific activity, namely the number of 
employees of scientific organizations and the number 

of researchers. The top three also include Kharkiv  
and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts. 

The coefficient of innovation activity of the 
region CIAR is calculated as the ratio of the sum of  
scientific organizations (SSO) and the number of 
innovation-active enterprises (NIAE) to the sum 
of the number of enterprises (NE) that introduced 
innovations, and the number of introduced new 
technological processes (NIP). 

CIAR = (SSO + NIAE) / (NE + NIP)
This coefficient reflects the degree of innovation-

active enterprises, that is, the number of organi- 
zations that are engaged in innovation activities,  
as well as the degree of implementation of  
innovation products by these organizations. The  
leaders in this indicator are Kyiv, Odesa and  
Mykolaiv oblasts, which reflects the trends of  
growth in the number of innovation-active enterprises 
in these regions, expansion of ties with scientific 
institutions, strengthening of integration processes  
with Europe and other countries. 

The coefficient of innovation ability (CIA) is the  
ratio of the sum of the number of executed scientific 
and scientific-technical works (NEW) and the  
number of created advanced technologies (NCT) 
to the sum of the number of introduced types of 
innovation products (NITIP) and the number of 
patents to inventions (NP). 

CIA = (NEW + NCT) / (NITIP + NP)
The value of the coefficient of innovation ability 

reflects the ability of the region to create and use 
innovation products that are the result of the activities 
of scientific organizations in the region. 

According to the results of calculation of the 
coefficient of innovation ability five most innovative 
regions were identified, in which the value of the 
indicator is in the range of 14.44-10.07. Among  
these regions are: Kyiv, Odesa, Luhansk and  
Chernivtsi oblasts. The only exception is Kirovohrad 
oblast, where, according to calculations, the  
coefficient of innovation capability reached 29.76.  
This is due to a large number of scientific and  
scientific-technical works performed in the region 
during the reporting period. According to the 
results of the analysis of calculation of the index of  
innovation clustering of regions of Ukraine the  
ranking of regions of Ukraine with the grouping 
of regions by the level of innovation activity of  
regions of Ukraine was carried out. At the same  
time, three zones of regions were identified  
according to their level of innovation activity  
in the interval framework of the development of 
innovation activity in the region from 32.26 to 2.02: 

1. Zone of high innovation cluster formation  
(value from 1 to 10.00 and higher) – regions that  
are actively engaged in innovation activities,  



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introduce innovations and have a high potential  
for InDev. 

2. Zone of average innovation cluster formation  
(value from 10.00 to 5.00) – innovation activity 
in the regions of this group is developed, but does 
not take a leading place among the branches of the  
region, performing a service or complementary role 
in certain industries. The regions that have indicators 
within these limits are located in the middle zone  
of the innovation cluster. 

3. Zone of low innovation cluster formation (value 
from 5.00 to 1.00) – regions where InDev is not 
a priority area of development, is at an initial or low  
level and requires the development of programs to 
create favorable conditions for InDev in the region,  
as well as appropriate investments. 

The grouping of regions of Ukraine by the level  
of their innovation clustering is shown in Figure 3.

5. Conclusions
According to the results of innovative clustering 

of Ukrainian regions, the first cluster includes: Kyiv, 
Kirovohrad, Odesa, Luhansk, Rivne, Chernivtsi, Lviv 
oblasts. The principles of management support of cluster 
formation processes were recommended for them: 
– development and implementation of a policy of  
active integration with Europe, a free economic zone 
with the EU and other countries of the world; 
– investment in innovative infrastructure; stimulation 
of venture capital financing; creation of business 
gas pedals and platforms for innovative design;  
organization of technoparks, with foreign investment, 
grant projects, budget financing. 

 

HIGH

• 1. Kirovohrad Oblast,
32,26

• 2. Kyiv (city), 16,62
• 3. Odesa Oblast, 15,38
• 4. Luhansk Oblast,

14,65
• 5. Rivne Oblast, 13,83
• 6. Chernivtsi Oblast,

12,33
• 7. Lviv Oblast, 10,60

AVERAGE

• 8. Donetsk Oblast, 9,11
• 9. Poltava Oblast, 8,69
• 10. Volyn Oblast,  8,28
• 11. Khmelnytskyi 

Oblast, 7,86
• 12. Dnipropetrovsk

Oblast, 7,74
• 13. Zhytomyr Oblast,

6,98
• 14. Vinnytsia Oblast,

5,88
• 15. Sumy Oblast, 5,83
• 16. Cherkasy Oblast,

5,55
• 17. Ivano-Frankivsk

Oblast, 5,50
• 18. Ternopil Oblast,

5,43
• 19. Zakarpattia, 5,27
• 20. Kyiv Oblast, 5,05 

LOW

• 21. Kharkiv Oblast,
4,42

• 22. Chernihiv Oblast,
4.24

• 23. Kherson Oblast,
3,29

• 24. Mykolaiv Oblast,
3,22

• 25. Zaporizhzhia 
Oblast, 2,02

Figure 3. The grouping of regions of Ukraine by the level of their innovation clustering

The second zone includes a cluster formed by  
regions with an average level of innovation 
activity: Donetsk, Poltava, Volyn, Khmelnytskyi, 
Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Vinnytsia, Sumy,  
Cherkasy, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ternopil, Zakarpattia, and 
Kyiv oblasts (defined as territories with an average  
level of development and inactive innovation 
environment). It recommends the basics of manage-
ment support for these regions: the involvement of 
scientific institutions in active learning processes of 
business incubators and business acceleration centers; 
adaptation and dissemination of benchmarking 
technology for innovation clustering. 

The third zone includes regions with a low level 
of innovation activity: Kharkiv, Chernihiv, Kherson, 
Mykolaiv, Zaporizhzhia oblasts. The principles 
of management support are recommended: 
implementation of sectoral targeted InDev projects; 
creation of innovation infrastructure facilities 
based on clustering processes; implementation of 
regional programs to support business and individual 
productions; formation of new sectoral production 
development projects (new productions, logistics 
centers, etc.).

The obtained results and the developed 
recommendations constitute the methodological  
basis for stimulating clustering processes in the  
system of InDev regions. Diagnosis of InDev  
processes of regions and processes of innovation  
clusters formation using the index of innovation 
clustering provides measures of regulatory impact 
on the target group of regions in accordance 
with their InDev and state, regional or sectoral  
management plans.



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Received on: 19th of January, 2023
Accepted on: 27th of February, 2023

Published on: 31th of March, 2023