id	author	title	date	pages	extension	mime	words	sentence	flesch	summary	cache	txt
issue-2965	Vodianka, Liubov; Khill, Roman; Stakhova, Natalia	INDUSTRY 4.0 IN UKRAINE AND ROMANIA: CHALLENGES, OPPORTUNITIES, AND PATHWAYS TO INTEGRATION	2025	8	.pdf	application/pdf	5510	286	30	Table 2 Introduction of robotics in Ukraine and Romania Robots per 10,000 workers Ukraine Romania EU Average 18 126 151 Source: compiled by the authors based on (Deloitte, 2021) Romania's UiPath, a leader in the field of robotic process automation (RPA), has been able to Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 256 Vol. 11 No. 3, 2025 capitalise on this trend, while Ukraine has seen limited progress due to its comparatively limited investment in robotics. Table 1 Prerequisites for the development of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine and Romania Indicator Ukraine Romania GDP per capita (2023) 4,300 USD 14,850 USD DESI Index (2023) Not ranked 26th in the EU Digital literacy level 37% 58% Industry 4.0 funding Private sector-based EU-supported Source: compiled by the authors based on (Eurostat, 2023), DESI Index report As Hermann et al. (2016) emphasise, there is a direct correlation between GDP and literacy levels, and technological readiness.	cache/issue-2965.pdf	txt/issue-2965.txt