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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms 
of the Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0

1 State Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content Modernization", Ukraine
E-mail: fliarkovska@ukr.net
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9461-4035
2 State Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content Modernization", Ukraine (corresponding author)
E-mail: m-viki@ukr.net
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-8654
3 Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Ukraine
E-mail: drainc@ukr.net 
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-8038 

DOI: https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-5-261-265

A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT  
OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM  

OF UKRAINE: ECONOMIC COMPONENT
Оlha Flyarkovska1, Viktoria Melnychuk2, Ryslan Dumenko3

Abstract. The subject of the research is the main problems related to the economic consequences of the war,  
which can affect Ukrainian education in the war and post-war period. Methodology. Theoretical and empirical  
research methods are used, in particular: theoretical analysis and generalisation of psychological practice; 
development of theoretical approaches and organisational and methodological conditions for improvement  
of practical activity of specialists of psychological services; surveys; study of methodical and reporting  
documentation; methods of statistical processing of experimental data. The purpose of the article is to  
determine the factors that can affect the quality of education and economy through aspects of the activity and 
peculiarities of the functioning of the psychological service in the educational system of Ukraine in the conditions  
of armed aggression of the Russian Federation. It is noted that the consideration of psychological factors is  
necessary to substantiate the activity of a psychological service specialist in the educational system of Ukraine, 
in connection with the complication of working conditions, competent management of the team, support  
and assistance in the realisation of the creative potential of employees of educational institutions, etc. The 
issue of creating psychological support for participants in the educational process was raised. It was noted that  
the provision of psychological support, development and implementation of correctional programmes will help 
to overcome stress and injuries, contribute to the return of pupils and students to full-time studies and ensure 
their further successful adaptation. The article presents the experience of pedagogical and methodological 
provision of psychological support at the all-Ukrainian level at the State Scientific Institution "Institute of  
Education Content Modernization". It gives recommendations on how to overcome the negative economic 
consequences of the war and the negative psychological impact on Ukrainian education. The publication  
describes the aspects of the psychological service in the educational system of Ukraine, in particular, conducting 
scientific research on the problems of methodology and theory of practical psychology of education, studying 
the patterns of mental development and formation of the child's personality; development of methods and 
technologies for the work of practical psychologists and social pedagogues, including professional training  
and advanced training of specialists; creation of an effective structure of the psychological service of education, 
which ensures the interaction of all parts of the service on subject and organisational issues. The results of the  
study reflect the state and development of the psychological service in the education system of Ukraine, the  
analysis of the activities of the psychological service under martial law and the implementation of Article 76 of 
the Law of Ukraine "On Education". Conclusion. Creation of conditions for quality education and support of 
psychological well-being of all participants of the educational process is a priority task of the psychological  
service in the educational system of Ukraine. According to the results of the analysis of the work of the  
psychological service in the educational system of Ukraine, it was determined that the psychological support 
of learning, psychological and socio-pedagogical support of the participants of the educational process in 
the conditions of martial law is an essential condition for maintaining and strengthening the mental health of  



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future Ukrainian generations. This will contribute not only to the post-war reconstruction of society, but also to 
the future economic development and stability of Ukraine.

Key words: psychological service, economic consequences of war, professional activity algorithm, unified  
electronic reporting system, budget programs, recommendations.

JEL Classification: G41, H61

1. Introduction
Ukrainian education faces significant challenges 

during the war, but at the same time it plays a key role 
in the reconstruction and development of society.  
Military actions have resulted in reduced funding for 
education, damage and destruction of schools and 
infrastructure, forced displacement of teachers and 
students, limited access to quality education due to 
lack of security, etc. The country's economists are 
already noting that the cost of damage and losses  
caused by Russian aggression is reaching record 
levels, and the decline in real gross domestic product 
in Ukraine is the highest than in most countries that  
have experienced armed conflicts (Bohdan, 2023).

The amount of funding under separate budget 
programmes, the main manager of which is the  
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, was 
reduced by 10%. In particular, according to the 
budget programme 2201160 "Training of personnel of  
higher education institutions and ensuring the  
operation of their practice bases" (Order of the Ministry 
of Education and Science of Ukraine "On Approval  
of Passports of Budget Programmes under the  
CPCEL 20201160, 2201190, 2201280 for 2023"), the 
amount of funding was reduced by 2.107 billion UAH.

In such cases, there are usually problems with access 
to education for children and young people, a lack 
of qualified teaching staff and low levels of academic 
achievement.

Analysis of the latest research and publications. The 
problems of the economic and social consequences of 
the war in Ukraine and the impact of conflicts on the 
world economy are studied both by domestic researchers 
H. Zhila, E. Nikolaev, I. Pilyaev, O. Plotnikov, H. Riy, 
I. Shemelinets and others, and by foreign researchers 
K. Abay, C. Breisinger, J. Glauber, J. Hacker, A. Hertel-
Fernandez, S. Jacob, P. Pierson, K. Thelen and others. 
The issue of psychological services in the educational 
system is considered in the works of O. Bezpalko,  
I. Beh, L. Burlachuk, O. Kyrychuk, V. Kyrychuk, 
V. Kremen, S. Maksimenko, V. Melnychuk, V. Panok, 
O. Fliarkovska, A. Furman, I. Tsushko and others.

2. Research on Approaches  
to Dominants of Human Capital  
Development and Reproduction

In order to improve the methodological work in 
the psychological service of the educational system,  

a unified electronic reporting system (UERS) 
and a structure of methodological development 
(programmes, methods) have been proposed. The 
methodology of the proposed programme makes 
it possible to determine and prove the efficiency, 
effectiveness and economic component of the applied 
methods. It determines the use of meta-theoretical 
approaches for the development of the theory of  
applied psychology.

"Applied psychology as a theoretical basis for the 
activity of the psychological service. When it comes  
to the methodological support of the activity of a  
holistic psychological service as a single coordinated 
system, different schools, concepts and trends in 
psychology are ineffective because they do not ensure 
the unity of approaches, methods and procedures 
of psychological practice. In the theoretical 'field' of 
psychology, different theoretical and methodological 
positions are often incompatible both at the level  
of the categorical and conceptual apparatus and 
at the level of individual methods." (Babak, 2016; 
Bondarenko, Fedko, 2017; Fliarkovska, 2019; Panok, 
2013; Melnychuk, 2020)

Therefore, the use of a single electronic reporting 
system in the activity of a psychological service 
specialist has its advantages. The peculiarity of 
the method consists in the application of certain  
established actions to specific conditions of practical 
activity. First of all, the UERS is used for the 
implementation of individual actions (operations). 
The technology, on the other hand, provides for  
obtaining a certain final result, which is foreseen in 
the practical activity of a specialist and gives an 
opportunity to determine the effectiveness and  
efficiency of one's own activity and is considered 
as a separate type of professional activity "work 
documentation, planning, reporting" (Maksimenko, 
2019) is based on the application of an electronic 
database of technologies.

It should be noted that theoretical and experimental 
research in pedagogy and psychology throughout its 
history has always been accompanied by large-scale 
psychological and pedagogical practice, development 
of the latest methods and methods of both diagnostic 
and developmental activities. The search for ways and 
methods of psychological support in the educational 
process is developing rapidly. Understanding that 
educators face many tasks related to the knowledge  
and experience of the world in the field of psychology.



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With the advent of electronic databases and the 

ability to submit data through the UERS, the statistical 
forms described above have become outdated and 
cumbersome to use. A modern approach to data 
collection in psychological services is the use of the 
UERS.

Thus, it is possible to formulate the general principles 
on which this system is based.

The system is a database maintained at the all-
Ukrainian level by the State Scientific Institution 
"Institute of Education Content Modernization" of  
the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.  
The UERS covers all educational institutions. The 
UERS automatically collects the following data  
through the aggregation of:
– General information about regional training and 
methodical centres/offices/laboratories of the 
Psychological Service in the educational system and 
the Scientific and Methodical Centre of Practical 
Psychology and Social Work of the Institute of 
Pedagogical Education of Borys Grinchenko Kyiv 
University;
– the network of regional, educational and 
methodological centres∕cabinets/laboratories of 
the psychological service of the education system 
and methodologists of the psychological service of 
raion (city) educational and methodological centres∕ 
cabinets/laboratories in the current academic year of 
raion (city) methodological offices of the education 
department (if any);
– information on the implementation of professional 
activities by psychological service specialists during 
martial law;
– the number of social workers in educational 
institutions;
– the number of practical psychologists in educational 
institutions;
– the provision of psychological services by specialists 
using a computer;
– the provision of offices for employees of the 
psychological service;
– topics of appeals to psychological service workers, etc.

The system enters the data of each specialist of the 
psychological service of the educational institution. 
Aggregation is performed automatically. The system 
automatically generates a large volume of summary 
statistical reports.

The unified electronic reporting system includes 
automated data validation procedures to minimise 
errors. In addition, procedures are in place to allow 
independent verification of data entered by specialists.

The State Scientific Institution "Institute of  
Education Content Modernization" of the Ministry 
of Education and Science of Ukraine has access to the 
entire database (with the exception of personal and 
confidential information) through a series of special 
reports that are automatically compiled.

Psychological service professionals have access 
to complete information about their educational 
institutions. They can use this information to perform 
their monitoring and management functions.

The system is based on a register (data set), with 
additional procedures to ensure the correctness of the 
register data. The register is a register of a specialist  
of the psychological service of an educational institution.

Registers usually include identification data and 
basic data. Identification data are used to determine 
the identity of the entity in the database (practical 
psychologist, social educator, methodologist, 
responsible person) and rarely change.

The UERS carries out the above procedure at the 
end of the academic year (usually at the end of June), 
but based on the number of students on the 1st of 
September.

It is important to note that in this system the  
regions have consolidated data from their districts 
and cities (they do not have access to data from  
other regions), while the State Scientific Institution 
"Institute of Education Content Modernization" of 
the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine  
has consolidated data at the level of institutions,  
districts, hromadas, regions.

The single electronic reporting system will be 
introduced in the 2022/2023 academic year. Although 
this is difficult to achieve due to the current situation, 
it is still possible. In order to make full use of 
the possibilities offered by the UERS, the State 
Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content 
Modernization" of the Ministry of Education and 
Science of Ukraine has started preparations for the 
necessary changes.

Below are the main steps in this direction:
Review all statistical forms that need to be improved.
The training of psychological service specialists  

of all levels for work in the UERS started in January, 
and the recordings of the webinars are available on  
the website of the State Scientific Institution  
"Institute of Education Content Modernization" of  
the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine.

The results of this work will increase the effectiveness 
of the provision of psychological assistance and 
support, and improve the professional training of  
future psychological service professionals.  
Рsychological practice. Psychological practice 
(psychological practice), according to the authors, 
is a basic category for understanding the essence of 
applied psychology (Babak, 2016; Gorbenko, Lozova, 
Patrikeeva, 2020; (Panok, 2013).

The definition of the essence of psychological 
technology and its substantiation as a methodological 
unit of applied psychology made it possible to 
create conditions for the methodological support of 
psychological practice, in particular, in the activities  
of the psychological service of the educational system.  



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On the basis of theoretical ideas about the nature of  
applied psychology and peculiarities of methodo-
logical support of psychological practice, the 
structure, organizational principles, purpose and 
tasks of functioning of the psychological service in 
the educational system were substantiated. Today, 
psychological services can be considered one of 
the most important results of the reform of the  
national education system (Regulation of the 
Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine "On  
Psychological Service in the Education System of 
Ukraine", 2018).

Thus, it was found that in the 2022/2023  
academic year, the number of psychological 
service specialists was 20,413, including: practical 
psychologists – 13,174, social educators –  
6,905, methodologists – 82, the average staffing of 
educational institutions with psychological service 
workers was 74%.

The personnel problem is complicated by 
a number of factors. In particular: unattractive salary  
conditions, insufficient financing of the educational 
sector in the regions, the number of specialists in 
psychological services is not proportional to the 
number of students seeking education, the staff  
lists of the departments/administrations of education 
do not include positions responsible for psychological 
services in territorial communities, the lack of 
specialists in rural areas, unfavourable transport 
connections between cities and towns/villages, which 
makes it impossible to attract specialists from the  
city, the absence of specialists with specialised  
training, the departure of specialists abroad as a 
result of martial law, the transfer of specialists to other 
positions.

3. Conclusions
According to the study, the psychological service 

in the Ukrainian education system has accumulated 
significant positive experience, which is confirmed 
by the number of individual and correctional classes 
and consultations, developed methods, scientific and 
methodological developments, etc.

However, despite the active work of the  
psychological service, there are still many unresolved 
problems, in particular, the system of collecting 
analytical materials needs to be improved.

In this direction, the overarching task is to  
formulate new visions of the principles, structure 
and content of psychological service activities  
in new conditions on the basis of theoretical analysis  
of work experience and methodology in the field 
of applied psychology (Babak, 2016; Bondarenko,  
Fedko, 2017; Fliarkovska, 2019; Panok, 2013; 
Melnychuk, 2020).

The availability of complete and reliable  
information about the activities of a psychological 
service specialist is a necessary condition for the 
development and implementation of an educational 
policy based on the actual data of each institution.

Aware of this problem, the specialists of the State 
Scientific Institution "Institute of Education Content 
Modernization" made efforts to create an electronic 
reporting system. This system will be implemented in 
the school year 2023/2024.

It is expected that the proposed system will be 
available for testing, piloting, and then launching at  
the national level in some time.

Maintaining and verifying the data is 
a very time-consuming process and meets the needs 

13 174

6 905

82

Рractical psychologists Social educators Methodologists

Figure 1. Number of employees of the psychological service 2022/2023



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Vol. 9 No. 5, 2023 
of a paper-based data collection system (with an  
electronic system, this process will be much faster).

The novelty of this system lies in the multifaceted  
use of the system: from operational assistance in 
collecting, storing and preparing data for reports, 
simplifying and accelerating processes and contro- 
lling available data, reducing labour costs to providing 
timely and diverse information for management 
activities, which can be used to make high-quality 
strategic decisions related to human capital.

The study is expected to provide experimental 
evidence of the effectiveness and economic benefits  

of the methods of work of psychological service  
workers. The main concept underlying the analysis  
of all types of data is the infinity of methods for 
manipulating data that do not lose their original 
meaning. For example, sequential sorting methods  
can be used.

Therefore, creating conditions for the provision of 
quality education and preserving the psychological 
well-being of all participants in the educational process  
is a priority. This will not only contribute to the recovery 
of society after the end of the war, but will also create 
the basis for future economic development and stability.

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Received on: 14th of October, 2023
Accepted on: 29th of November, 2023
Published on: 28th of December, 2023