Microsoft Word - 13 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2017, 20(2): 115-122 EFFECT OF MANURESEFFECT OF MANURESEFFECT OF MANURESEFFECT OF MANURES WITH WITH WITH WITH FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND YIELD FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND YIELD FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND YIELD FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND YIELD TRAITS OF MUNGBEAN (TRAITS OF MUNGBEAN (TRAITS OF MUNGBEAN (TRAITS OF MUNGBEAN (Vigna radiata Vigna radiata Vigna radiata Vigna radiata L.)L.)L.)L.) M. E. HossainM. E. HossainM. E. HossainM. E. Hossain andandandand M. S. IslamM. S. IslamM. S. IslamM. S. Islam**** Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh *Corresponding author, E-mail: (Received:Received:Received:Received: 14 December 2017, Accepted:Accepted:Accepted:Accepted: 17 January 2018) Keywords:Keywords:Keywords:Keywords: BARI Mung-6, Vermicompost, 1000-Seed weight and seed yield. AbstractAbstractAbstractAbstract An experiment was carried out at the Agronomy Field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from March to June 2015 (Kharif-I season) to find out the effect of different manures along with inorganic fertilizers on yield and yield traits of mungbean varieties. The experiment consisted of two factors: factor A: five levels of manures along with inorganic fertilizers [ T0 = Control (no fertilizer or manure), T1 = Recommended dose of fertilizer (R) (45 kg urea ha -1 + 100 kg TSP ha-1 + 58 kg MoP ha-1), T2 = R + cowdung (3 t ha -1), T3 = R + poultry manure (2 t ha -1), T4 = R + vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1)] and factor B: two mungbean varieties; (V1 = BARI Mung 5 and V2 = BARI Mung 6). The experiment was laid out in split- plot design with three replications. The effect of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers on yield and yield traits were found significant. The maximum grain yield (1.53 t ha-1) and maximum stover yield (1.88 t ha-1) was recorded from T4 treatment. Mungbean variety had also significant influence on yield and yield traits. The maximum seed yield (1.58 t ha-1) was obtained from var. BARI Mung 6) but Maximum stover yield (1.91 t ha-1) was obtained from var. BARI Mung 5). The combined effects of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers and variety were found statically significant on yield and yield traits. The maximum seed yield (2.01 t ha-1) and maximum stover yield (2.61 t ha-1) was recorded from T4V2. There were positive correlations of seed yield with different yield components. It was comparatively stronger correlations in BARI Mung 5 and weaker in BARI Mung 6. So, var. BARI Mung 6 performed the best result with the application of vermi-compost @ 2.5 t ha-1 with recommended dose of fertilizer. IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important short duration, drought tolerant pulse crop which is also commonly known as “green gram”. It has an edge over other pulses because of its high nutritive value, digestibility and non-flatulent behavior. Average yield of mungbean in Bangladesh is very low, which is primarily due to lack of proper methods of cultivation, poor crop stand, imbalanced fertilization, poor plant protection measures and lack of high yielding varieties. The low yield of mungbean besides other factors may partially be due to lack of knowledge about nutrition and modern production technology (Hassan, 1997). Moreover, lack of attention on fertilizer use is also hampered the lowering of mungbean yields (Mansoor, 2007). Variety plays an important role in producing high yield of mungbean because different varieties responded differently for their genotypic characters. Very recently, with the introduction of some high yielding varieties viz., BARI Mung-6 and BARI Mung-5 increasing attention is being paid to the cultivation of this crop in order to mitigate the alarmingly protein shortage in the diet of our people. Mungbean is highly responsive to fertilizers and manures. It 116 Hossain & Islam has a marked response to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). These nutrients play a key role in plant physiological process. Cowdung has relatively less N than some other manure, so it can be added directly to the soil without damaging plants. Poultry manure is an excellent source of organic fertilizer which is rich in micro and macronutrients. Poultry manure also improves nutrient status in soil and at the same time may reduce soil pollution, which developed from the continuous use of chemical fertilizer. Vermi-composting is the processing of organic wastes with earthworms. During this process, elements like N, P, K, and Ca present in the waste are released and converted, through microbial activity, into forms more soluble and available to plants than those present in the original waste (Edwards and Burrows, 1988). Phosphorus plays a remarkable role in plant physiological processes. It is an essential constituent of majority of enzymes which are of great importance in the transformation of energy in carbohydrate metabolism in different types of plants and is closely related in cell division and seed development. Potassium, as a plant nutrient, is becoming increasingly important in Bangladesh and a good crop response to K is being reported from many parts of the country. Pulse crops showed yield benefits from K application and also improved K supply enhances biological N fixation and protein content of pulse seed (Srinivasarao et al., 2003). Considering the above facts, the present investigation aimed to find out the optimum doses of manures and inorganic fertilizers for maximizing the yield and yield contributing characters of two selected mungbean varieties. Materials and MMaterials and MMaterials and MMaterials and Methodsethodsethodsethods The experiment was carried out at the Agronomy field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka. The experimental site is situated at 23o77' North Latitude and 90o30' East Longitude. The elevation of the experimental site is 8.0 m above the sea level. The area belongs to the Agro-ecological Zone -28: (Madhupur Tract). Mungbean var. BARI mung-5 (V1) and BARI mung-6 (V2) were used in the study. The experiment was laid out in split- plot design with three replications. The experiment consisted of two factors: factor A: five levels of manures and inorganic fertilizers; [T0 = Control (no fertilizer or manure) T1 = Recommended dose of fertilizer (R) (45 kg urea ha-1 + 100 kg TSP ha-1 + 58 kg MoP ha-1), T2 = R + cowdung (3 t ha-1), T3 = R + poultry manure (2 t ha -1), T4 = R + vermi-compost (2.5 t ha -1)] and factor B: two mungbean varieties; (V1 = BARI Mung 5 and V2 = BARI Mung 6). The experimental land was opened with a power tiller and subsequently ploughed twice followed by laddering. Weeds, stubbles and crop residues were removed. Except urea, all manures (cowdung, poultry manure and vermi-compost) were applied along with TSP, MoP, gypsum, zinc sulphate and boric acid as per treatments during the final land preparation. The urea was applied at two intervals. First half was applied during final land preparation and rest was applied at 25 DAS followed by light irrigation. Mungbean seeds were sown on 01 March, 2015. Healthy seeds of mungbean @ 35 kg ha-1 were sown by hand as uniformly as possible in furrows. Seeds were sown in the afternoon and immediately covered with soil to avoid sunlight. Line to line distance was maintained 30 cm. Gap filling, weeding, application of irrigation water and plant protection measures were taken properly when needed. Data on number of pods plant-1, pods length (cm), number of seeds pod-1, 1000-grain weight, seed yield (t ha-1), stover yield (t ha-1), biological yield (t ha-1) and harvest index (%) were recorded and were statistically analyzed following the analysis of variance by using MSTAT-C computer package program and the treatment means were compared by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability. 117 Effect of Manures with Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Traits of Mungbean Results and DResults and DResults and DResults and Discussioniscussioniscussioniscussion Effect of manuresEffect of manuresEffect of manuresEffect of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizersalong with recommended inorganic fertilizersalong with recommended inorganic fertilizersalong with recommended inorganic fertilizers The effect of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers on number of pods plant-1, pod length, number of seeds pod-1 and 1000- seed weight were found significant (Table 1). The maximum pods plant-1 (12.65), pod length (9.36 cm), seeds pod-1 (9.61) and 1000- seed weight (37.19 g) were found in T4 [Recommended dose of fertilizer + vermicompost (2.5 t ha-1)], which were statistically similar to T3 (regarding pods plant -1), T3 and T2 (regarding pod length and 1000- seed weight) and, T3, T2 and T1 (regarding seeds pod -1). The lowest pods plant-1 (9.83), pod length (8.08 cm), seeds pod-1 (8.17) and 1000- seed weight (34.32 g) were found in Control , which were statistically similar to T1 and T2 (regarding pods plant -1) and T1 (regarding pod length and 1000- seed weight) whereas significantly different from all other treatments (regarding seeds pod-1) (Table 1). With the increasing rate of vermi-compost, increased number of pods plant-1 were also observed by Ashraf et al. (2003), Aruna and Narsa (1999), Mastan et al. (1999), Kalita (1989) and Reddy et al. (1990); number of seeds pod-1 and 1000-seed weight by Channaveerswami (2005), Rajkhowa et al. (2002), Chinnamuthu and Venkatakrishnan (2001) and Patil (1998). Yields and harvest index of mungbean were also significantly influenced by manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers (Table 1). The treatment T4 (Recommended dose of fertilizer + vermicompost 2.5 t ha -1) produced the maximum stover yield (1.88 t ha-1), seed yield (1.53 t ha-1), biological yield (3.41 t ha-1) and harvest index (44.86%), which were statistically similar to T3 for stover yield (1,87 t ha -1), seed yield (1.46 t ha-1) and biological yield (3.33 t ha-1) whereas significantly different from all the other treatments for harvest index. The control treatment produced the lowest stover yield (1.46 t ha-1), seed yield (1,04 t ha-1), biological yield (2.50 t ha-1) and harvest index (41.61%). The values regarding these parameters recorded from T1 and T2 were statistically similar (Table 4). Similar results were also reported by Oad and Buriro (2005) in mungbean, Roy and Singh (2006) in malt barley and Aruna and Narsa (1999) in soybean regarding seed yield. The positive effect of vermi-compost along with recommended inorganic fertilizers might be due to their ability to improve soil physical properties, which provide favourable soil health and conditions and thereby increased the yield contributing parameters and yield. Table 1. Effect of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers on yield attributes, yield and harvest index of mungbean Treatment Pods plant-1 (no.) Pod length (cm) Seeds pod-1 (no.) 1000- seed weight (g) Seed yield (t ha-1) Stover yield (t ha-1) Biological yield (t ha-1) Harvest Index (%) T0 9.83 b 8.08 b 8.17 b 34.32 b 1.04 c 1.46 c 2.50 c 41.60 d T1 10.68 b 8.43 b 8.88 a 35.28 b 1.27 b 1.60 b 2.87 b 44.25 b T2 10.74 b 8.91 a 9.34 a 35.77 a 1.30 b 1.65 b 2.95 b 44.06 b T3 12.01 a 9.03 a 9.15 a 35.90 a 1.46 a 1.87 a 3.33 a 43.84 c T4 12.65 a 9.36 a 9.61 a 37.19 a 1.53 a 1.88 a 3.41 a 44.86 a LSD (0.05) 1.74 0.79 0.94 1.84 0.22 0.27 0.33 0.46 CV (%) 13.05 9.47 10.12 15.71 7.21 11.58 8.75 3.81 In a column, means with same letter (s) are not significantly different by LSD at 5% level of significance T0: Control (no fertilizer or manure), T1: Recommended dose of fertilizer (45 kg urea ha -1 + 100 kg TSP ha-1 + 58 kg MoP ha-1), T2: Recommended dose of fertilizer + cowdung (3 t ha -1), T3: Recommended dose of fertilizer + poultry manure (2 t ha-1), and T4: Recommended dose of fertilizer + vermi-compost (2.5 t ha-1) 118 Hossain & Islam Effect of varietyEffect of varietyEffect of varietyEffect of variety Mungbean variety had significant influence on number of pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, 1000-seed weight and stover yield, seed yield, harvest index (Table 2). The var. BARI Mung 6 produced higher pods plant-1 (11.80), pod length (8.64 cm), seeds pod-1 (9.18), 1000- seed weight (36.30 g), seed yield (1.58 t ha-1) and harvest index (52.14%) whereas lower stover yield (1.45 t ha-1) compared to var. BARI Mung 5 of which values for corresponding parameters were 10.41, 7.65 cm, 8.16, 35.07, 1.29 t ha-1, 40.31% and 1.91 t ha-1, respectively. The var. BARI Mung 5 (3.20 t ha-1) and BARI Mung 6 (3.03 t ha-1) was produced the statistically similar biological yield (Table 3). Table 2. Effect of variety on yield attributes, yield and harvest index of mungbean Treatment Pods plant-1 (no.) Pod length (cm) Seeds pod-1 (no.) 1000- seed weight (g) Seed yield (t ha-1) Stover yield (t ha-1) Biological yield (t ha-1) Harvest Index (%) V1 10.41 b 7.65 b 8.16 b 35.07 b 1.29 b 1.91 a 3.20 a 40.31 b V2 11.80 a 8.64 a 9.18 a 36.30 a 1.58 a 1.45 b 3.03 a 52.14 a LSD (0.05) 1.10 0.50 0.59 1.16 0.14 0.16 NS 3.37 CV (%) 12.39 7.54 8.45 16.58 12.79 12.75 8.46 4.04 In a column, means with same letter (s) are not significantly different by LSD at 5% level of significance V1: BARI Mung 5, V2: BARI Mung 6 Combined effect Combined effect Combined effect Combined effect of manures along with recommended inorganic of manures along with recommended inorganic of manures along with recommended inorganic of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers and varietyfertilizers and varietyfertilizers and varietyfertilizers and variety The combined effects of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers and variety were found significant on pods plant-1, pod length, seeds pod-1, 1000- seed weight and stover yield, seed yield, biological yield and harvest index (Table 3). Combination of T2V2 (combination of recommended dose of fertilizer + cowdung @3 t ha-1 and BARI mung 6) produced the maximum pod length (9.50 cm), seeds pod-1(10.23), 1000- seed weight (38.55 g) and were statistically identical to that of T3V1, T4V1, T0V2, T1V2, T3V2 and T4V2 for pod length; that of T1V1, T2V1,T4V1,T0V2,T3V2, T4V2 for seeds pod -1 and that of T3V1, T4V1 and T4V2 for 1000- seed weight. Whereas, the lowest values these parameters were found in T0V1 ( combination of no fertilizers and BARI mung 5) and were statistically similar to that of T0V2, T1V2 and T2V2 for pods plant-1, that of all the combinations except T2V2, T3V2 and T4V2 for seeds pod -1 and except T2V2 for 100- seed weight. On the other hand, the combination of T4V2 (combination of recommended dose of fertilizer + vermicompost @ 2.5 t ha-1 and BARI mung 6) produced the highest pods plant-1 (12.78), stover yield (2.61 t ha-1), seed yield (2.01 t ha-1) and biological yield (4.62 t ha-1) and were statically identical to all other treatment combinations except T0V1 for pods plant-1, significantly different from all other treatment combinations for stover yield and biological yield and except T4V1 for seed yield. The combination of T1V2 (Combination of no fertilizers with BARI mung 6) produced the highest harvest index (56.83%) and was significantly different from that of all other combinations. The combination of T0V1 produced the lowest values for these parameters (Table 3). These results are also inconformity with the findings of Channaveerswami (2005), Patil (1998), Abbas et al. (2011), Rajkhowa et al. (2002), Chinnamuthu and Venkatakrishnan (2001), Kumar et al. (2002). Effect of Manures with Fertilizers on Yield Table 3. Combined effect of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers and variety on yield attributes, yields and harvest index Treat- ment Pods plant-1 (no.) Pod length (cm) Seeds pod (no.) T0V1 9.19 b 7.93 b 8.01 c T1V1 11.66 a 7.96 b 9.15 a T2V1 12.35 a 8.00 b 8.99 a T3V1 12.34 a 8.93 ab 8.60 bc T4V1 12.31 a 8.81 ab 9.32 a T0V2 10.46 ab 8.73 ab 8.99 a T1V2 11.33 ab 8.56 ab 8.61 bc T2V2 11.05 ab 9.50 a 10.23 a T3V2 12.53 a 9.03 ab 9.74 ab T4V2 12.78 a 9.01 ab 10.08 a LSD (0.05) 2.46 1.11 1.32 CV (%) 12.39 7.54 8.45 In a column, means with same letter (s) are not significantly different by LSD at 5% level of significance T0: Control (no fertilizer or manure), T1: Recommended dose of fertilizer (45 kg urea ha ha-1 + 58 kg MoP ha-1), T2: Recommended dose of fertilizer + cowdung (3 t ha dose of fertilizer + moultry manure (2 t ha ha-1) Functional relationship between seed yield and different yield componentsFunctional relationship between seed yield and different yield componentsFunctional relationship between seed yield and different yield componentsFunctional relationship between seed yield and different yield components There were positive correlations of seed yield with the different yield components. It was comparatively stronger in BARI Mung 5 and weaker in BARI Mung 6. The R for pods plant-1 and seed yield in BARI Mung 5 0.429 [Figure 1 (b)]; for seeds pod-1 and seed yield in BARI Mung 6 0.3967 [Figure 2 (b)] Mung 5 0.6738 [Figure 3(a)] and in BARI Mung 6 0.1319 [Figure 3 (b)]. (a) Fig. 1. Relationship between pod plant 6 (b) 119 n Yield and Yield Traits of Mungbean Combined effect of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers and variety yields and harvest index of mungbean Seeds pod-1 (no.) 1000- seed weight (g) Seed yield (t ha-1) Stover yield (t ha-1) Biological yield (t ha-1) Harvest Index (%) 8.01 c 35.08 b 1.05 d 1.23 d 2.28 e 46.05 c 9.15 a-c 35.76 b 1.17 d 1.78 bc 2.95 b 39.66 g 8.99 a-c 35.83 b 1.34 cd 1.77 bc 3.11 cd 43.09 f 8.60 bc 36.50 ab 1.29 cd 1.49 cd 2.78 de 46.41 c 9.32 a-c 36.67 ab 1.74 ab 2.13 b 3.87 b 44.96 d 8.99 a-c 35.59 b 1.17 d 1.25 d 2.42 e 48.35 bc 8.61 bc 35.60 b 1.54 bc 1.17 d 2.71 de 56.83 a 10.23 a 38.55 a 1.61 bc 1.77 bc 3.38 c 47.63 b 9.74 ab 35.31 b 1.65 bc 1.61 c 3.26 c 50.61 b 10.08 a 36.96 ab 2.01 a 2.61 a 4.62 a 43.51 ef 1.32 2.61 0.31 0.41 0.47 3.22 8.45 16.58 12.79 12.75 8.46 4.04 In a column, means with same letter (s) are not significantly different by LSD at 5% level of significance Recommended dose of fertilizer (45 kg urea ha-1 + 100 kg TSP : Recommended dose of fertilizer + cowdung (3 t ha-1), T3: Recommende anure (2 t ha-1), T4: Recommended dose of fertilizer + vermicompost (2.5 t Functional relationship between seed yield and different yield componentsFunctional relationship between seed yield and different yield componentsFunctional relationship between seed yield and different yield componentsFunctional relationship between seed yield and different yield components There were positive correlations of seed yield with the different yield components. It was comparatively stronger in BARI Mung 5 and weaker in BARI Mung 6. The R2 value was found and seed yield in BARI Mung 5 was 0.7547 [Figure 1(a)] and BARI Mung 6 and seed yield in BARI Mung 5 0.5078 [Figure 2(a)] [Figure 2 (b)], and for 1000- seed weight and seed yield in BARI Mung 5 0.6738 [Figure 3(a)] and in BARI Mung 6 0.1319 [Figure 3 (b)]. (a) (b) 1. Relationship between pod plant-1 and seed yield of BARI Mung 5 (a) and BARI Mung y = 0.1256x - 0.1356 R² = 0.429 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 0 5 10 15 S e e d y ie ld ( t h a -1 ) pod plant-1 119 Combined effect of manures along with recommended inorganic fertilizers and variety Harvest Index (%) 46.05 c-e 39.66 g 43.09 f 46.41 c-e 44.96 d-f 48.35 bc 56.83 a 47.63 b-d 50.61 b 43.51 ef 3.22 4.04 In a column, means with same letter (s) are not significantly different by LSD at 5% level of significance + 100 kg TSP : Recommended (2.5 t There were positive correlations of seed yield with the different yield components. It was found and BARI Mung 6 and seed weight and seed yield in BARI (a) and BARI Mung 15 120 Hossain & Islam (a) Fig. 2. Relationship between seed pod Mung 6 (b) (a) Fig. 3. Relationship between 1000-seed weight and seed yield of BARI Mung 5 BARI Mung 6 (b) Based on the result of the present study it was found that performed the highest seed yield (2.01 t inorganic fertilizer (45 kg urea ha-1 + 100 kg TSP ha at the rate of 2.5 t ha-1 for mungbean production in inorganic fertilizer (45 kg urea ha-1 + 100 kg TSP ha at the rate of 2.5 t ha-1 performed the best result for AcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgement The authors are very much thankful to Ministry of Science and T Republic of Bangladesh, for NST fellowship during 2015 (a) (b) 2. Relationship between seed pod -1 and seed yield of BARI Mung 5 (a) and BARI (a) (b) seed weight and seed yield of BARI Mung 5 (a) and ConclusionConclusionConclusionConclusion Based on the result of the present study it was found that mungbean var. BARI Mungbean 6 yield (2.01 t ha-1) with the application of recommended dose of + 100 kg TSP ha-1 + 58 kg MoP ha-1) and vermi-compost for mungbean production in Kharif –I season. The cumulative effect of + 100 kg TSP ha-1 + 58 kg MoP ha-1) and vermi-compost performed the best result for var. BARI Mung 6 than BARI Mung 5. AcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgementAcknowledgement ful to Ministry of Science and Technology, The People’s Republic of Bangladesh, for NST fellowship during 2015-2016. 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